1
|
The Impact of RIPK1 Kinase Inhibition on Atherogenesis: A Genetic and a Pharmacological Approach. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051016. [PMID: 35625752 PMCID: PMC9138372 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RIPK1 (receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1) enzymatic activity drives both apoptosis and necroptosis, a regulated form of necrosis. Because necroptosis is involved in necrotic core development in atherosclerotic plaques, we investigated the effects of a RIPK1S25D/S25D mutation, which prevents activation of RIPK1 kinase, on atherogenesis in ApoE−/− mice. After 16 weeks of western-type diet (WD), atherosclerotic plaques from ApoE−/− RIPK1S25D/S25D mice were significantly larger compared to ApoE−/− RIPK1+/+ mice (167 ± 34 vs. 78 ± 18 × 103 µm2, p = 0.01). Cell numbers (350 ± 34 vs. 154 ± 33 nuclei) and deposition of glycosaminoglycans (Alcian blue: 31 ± 6 vs. 14 ± 4%, p = 0.023) were increased in plaques from ApoE−/− RIPK1S25D/S25D mice while macrophage content (Mac3: 2.3 ± 0.4 vs. 9.8 ± 2.4%, p = 0.012) was decreased. Plaque apoptosis was not different between both groups. In contrast, pharmacological inhibition of RIPK1 kinase with GSK’547 (10 mg/kg BW/day) in ApoE−/− Fbn1C1039G+/− mice, a model of advanced atherosclerosis, did not alter plaque size after 20 weeks WD, but induced apoptosis (TUNEL: 136 ± 20 vs. 62 ± 9 cells/mm2, p = 0.004). In conclusion, inhibition of RIPK1 kinase activity accelerated plaque progression in ApoE−/− RIPK1S25D/S25D mice and induced apoptosis in GSK’547-treated ApoE−/− Fbn1C1039G+/− mice. Thus, without directly comparing the genetic and pharmacological studies, it can be concluded that targeting RIPK1 kinase activity does not limit atherogenesis.
Collapse
|
2
|
Daeshiho-tang Attenuates Atherosclerosis by Regulating Cholesterol Metabolism and Inducing M2 Macrophage Polarization. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020197. [PMID: 35207485 PMCID: PMC8879110 DOI: 10.3390/life12020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia, the commonest cause of cardiovascular disease, leads to lipid deposits on the arterial wall, thereby aggravating atherosclerosis. DSHT (Daeshiho-tang) has long been used as an anti-dyslipidemia agent in oriental medicine. However, the anti-atherosclerotic effects of DSHT have not been fully investigated. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate whether DSHT could exert beneficial anti-atherosclerotic effects. We fed apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice on a high-fat diet and treated them with atorvastatin (AT) or DSHT, or the combination of DSHT and AT for 12 weeks. To determine the role of DSHT, atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta, aortic root, and aortic arch; lipids and apolipoprotein levels in serum; and macrophage polarization markers in aorta tissues were examined. We show here that the DSHT decreased the atherosclerotic plaque ratio in the aortic arch, aorta, and aortic root. DSHT also regulated lipid levels by decreasing the ApoB level and increasing the ApoA1 level. Moreover, DSHT effectively regulated cholesterol metabolism by increasing the levels of PPARγ, ABCA1 and ABCG1, and the LDL receptor genes. We further found that DSHT promoted polarization to the M2 phenotype by increasing the levels of M2 macrophage (ARG1, CD163, and PPARγ) markers. Our data suggested that DSHT enhances the anti-atherosclerotic effect by regulating cholesterol metabolism through the activation of the PPARγ signaling pathway and by promoting anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization.
Collapse
|
3
|
Pleiotropic Effects of Atorvastatin Result in a Downregulation of the Carboxypeptidase U System (CPU, TAFIa, CPB2) in a Mouse Model of Advanced Atherosclerosis. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101731. [PMID: 34684024 PMCID: PMC8540817 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins (hydroxymethyl-glutaryl-CoA-reductase inhibitors) lower procarboxypeptidase U (proCPU, TAFI, proCPB2). However, it is challenging to prove whether this is a lipid or non-lipid-related pleiotropic effect, since statin treatment decreases cholesterol levels in humans. In apolipoprotein E-deficient mice with a heterozygous mutation in the fibrillin-1 gene (ApoE−/−Fbn1C1039G+/−), a model of advanced atherosclerosis, statins do not lower cholesterol. Consequently, studying cholesterol-independent effects of statins can be achieved more straightforwardly in these mice. Female ApoE −/−Fbn1C1039G+/− mice were fed a Western diet (WD). At week 10 of WD, mice were divided into a WD group (receiving WD only) and a WD + atorvastatin group (receiving 10 mg/kg/day atorvastatin +WD) group. After 15 weeks, blood was collected from the retro-orbital plexus, and the mice were sacrificed. Total plasma cholesterol and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured with commercially available kits. Plasma proCPU levels were determined with an activity-based assay. Total plasma cholesterol levels were not significantly different between both groups, while proCPU levels were significantly lower in the WD + atorvastatin group. Interestingly proCPU levels correlated with CRP and circulating monocytes. In conclusion, our results confirm that atorvastatin downregulates proCPU levels in ApoE−/−Fbn1C1039G+/− mice on a WD, and evidence was provided that this downregulation is a pleiotropic effect of atorvastatin treatment.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zheng P, Ding Y, Lu F, Liu N, Wu H, Bian Z, Chen X, Yang D. Atorvastatin reverses high cholesterol-induced cardiac remodelling and regulates mitochondrial quality-control in a cholesterol-independent manner: An experimental study. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1150-1161. [PMID: 33891707 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key regulators of cell fate, maintaining self-stability by a fine-tuned quality-control network including mitophagy, biogenesis, fission and fusion processes. Myocardial mitochondria can be impaired by hypercholesterolemia. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are considered the cornerstone in the management of hypercholesterolaemia primarily due to their marked cholesterol-lowering ability. The direct effect of atorvastatin on myocardial mitochondria remains unclear. We aimed to explore whether atorvastatin could attenuate myocardial mitochondrial defects induced by high cholesterol, and whether cycloastragenol, a potent telomerase activator, could be used as a potential complementary bioactive compound for obesity and hypercholesterolaemia treatment. We found that atorvastatin at a low dose (3 mg/kg) did not reduce elevated serum cholesterol, but reversed cardiac remodelling and dysfunction in C57BL/6J mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD). Atorvastatin reversed the upregulated mitophagy, mitochondrial fission and fusion, accompanied by mitochondrial biogenesis activation in HFD-fed mice hearts. Mitochondrial structural impairments were attenuated by atorvastatin in HFD-fed mice and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) exposed HL-1 cardiomyocytes. The depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential and increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates in ox-LDL exposed HL-1 cells were recovered by atorvastatin. Furthermore, atorvastatin co-treated with cycloastragenol had better effects on reducing body weight, improving cardiac remodelling and dysfunction, and protecting mitochondria in high cholesterol. Conclusively, low-dose atorvastatin exhibited a cholesterol-independent cardioprotective effect through improving the mitochondrial quality-control network and repairing mitochondrial ultrastructure in high cholesterol. Atorvastatin plus cycloastragenol supplement therapy has a better effect on treating obesity and hypercholesterolaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanzi Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feiyan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hengfang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiping Bian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangjian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Science and Technology Office, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baganha F, de Jong RCM, Peters EA, Voorham W, Jukema JW, Delibegovic M, de Vries MR, Quax PHA. Atorvastatin pleiotropically decreases intraplaque angiogenesis and intraplaque haemorrhage by inhibiting ANGPT2 release and VE-Cadherin internalization. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:567-581. [PMID: 33550461 PMCID: PMC8292290 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09767-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Statins pleiotropically provide additional benefits in reducing atherosclerosis, but their effects on intraplaque angiogenesis (IPA) and hemorrhage (IPH) remain unclear. Therefore, we discriminated statin's lipid-lowering dependent and independent effects on IPA and IPH. APPROACH AND RESULTS ApoE3*Leiden mice are statin-responsive due to ApoE and LDLR presence, but also allow to titrate plasma cholesterol levels by diet. Therefore, ApoE3*Leiden mice were fed a high-cholesterol-inducing-diet (HCD) with or without atorvastatin (A) or a moderate-cholesterol-inducing-diet (MCD). Mice underwent vein graft surgery to induce lesions with IPA and IPH. Cholesterol levels were significantly reduced in MCD (56%) and HCD + A (39%) compared to HCD with no significant differences between MCD and HCD + A. Both MCD and HCD + A have a similar reduction in vessel remodeling and inflammation comparing to HCD. IPA was significantly decreased by 30% in HCD + A compared to HCD or MCD. Atorvastatin treatment reduced the presence of immature vessels by 34% vs. HCD and by 25% vs. MCD, resulting in a significant reduction of IPH. Atorvastatin's anti-angiogenic capacity was further illustrated by a dose-dependent reduction of ECs proliferation and migration. Cultured mouse aortic-segments lost sprouting capacity upon atorvastatin treatment and became 30% richer in VE-Cadherin expression and pericyte coverage. Moreover, Atorvastatin inhibited ANGPT2 release and decreased VE-Cadherin(Y685)-phosphorylation in ECs. CONCLUSIONS Atorvastatin has beneficial effects on vessel remodeling due to its lipid-lowering capacity. Atorvastatin has strong pleiotropic effects on IPA by decreasing the number of neovessels and on IPH by increasing vessel maturation. Atorvastatin improves vessel maturation by inhibiting ANGPT2 release and phospho(Y658)-mediated VE-Cadherin internalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Baganha
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Surgery/Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Rob C M de Jong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Surgery/Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erna A Peters
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Surgery/Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wietske Voorham
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Surgery/Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mirela Delibegovic
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Margreet R de Vries
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Surgery/Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Department of Vascular Surgery/Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Noonan J, Bobik A, Peter K. The tandem stenosis mouse model: Towards understanding, imaging, and preventing atherosclerotic plaque instability and rupture. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 179:979-997. [PMID: 33368184 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rupture of unstable atherosclerotic plaques is the major cause of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Despite significant limitations in our understanding and ability to identify unstable plaque pathology and prevent plaque rupture, most atherosclerosis research utilises preclinical animal models exhibiting stable atherosclerosis. Here, we introduce the tandem stenosis (TS) mouse model that reflects plaque instability and rupture, as seen in patients. The TS model involves dual ligation of the right carotid artery, leading to locally predefined unstable atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolaemic mice. It exhibits key characteristics of human unstable plaques, including plaque rupture, luminal thrombosis, intraplaque haemorrhage, large necrotic cores, thin or ruptured fibrous caps and extensive immune cell accumulation. Altogether, the TS model represents an ideal preclinical tool for improving our understanding of human plaque instability and rupture, for the development of imaging technologies to identify unstable plaques, and for the development and testing of plaque-stabilising treatments for the prevention of atherosclerotic plaque rupture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Noonan
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Härdtner C, Kornemann J, Krebs K, Ehlert CA, Jander A, Zou J, Starz C, Rauterberg S, Sharipova D, Dufner B, Hoppe N, Dederichs TS, Willecke F, Stachon P, Heidt T, Wolf D, von Zur Mühlen C, Madl J, Kohl P, Kaeser R, Boettler T, Pieterman EJ, Princen HMG, Ho-Tin-Noé B, Swirski FK, Robbins CS, Bode C, Zirlik A, Hilgendorf I. Inhibition of macrophage proliferation dominates plaque regression in response to cholesterol lowering. Basic Res Cardiol 2020; 115:78. [PMID: 33296022 PMCID: PMC7725697 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-00838-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Statins induce plaque regression characterized by reduced macrophage content in humans, but the underlying mechanisms remain speculative. Studying the translational APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mouse model with a humanized lipoprotein metabolism, we find that systemic cholesterol lowering by oral atorvastatin or dietary restriction inhibits monocyte infiltration, and reverses macrophage accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques. Contrary to current believes, none of (1) reduced monocyte influx (studied by cell fate mapping in thorax-shielded irradiation bone marrow chimeras), (2) enhanced macrophage egress (studied by fluorescent bead labeling and transfer), or (3) atorvastatin accumulation in murine or human plaque (assessed by mass spectrometry) could adequately account for the observed loss in macrophage content in plaques that undergo phenotypic regression. Instead, suppression of local proliferation of macrophages dominates phenotypic plaque regression in response to cholesterol lowering: the lower the levels of serum LDL-cholesterol and lipid contents in murine aortic and human carotid artery plaques, the lower the rates of in situ macrophage proliferation. Our study identifies macrophage proliferation as the predominant turnover determinant and an attractive target for inducing plaque regression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Härdtner
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Kornemann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katja Krebs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carolin A Ehlert
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alina Jander
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jiadai Zou
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Starz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Rauterberg
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Diana Sharipova
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bianca Dufner
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Hoppe
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tsai-Sang Dederichs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Willecke
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Stachon
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Timo Heidt
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Constantin von Zur Mühlen
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Josef Madl
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kohl
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rafael Kaeser
- Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Boettler
- Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elsbeth J Pieterman
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)-Metabolic Health Research, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hans M G Princen
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)-Metabolic Health Research, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Benoît Ho-Tin-Noé
- INSERM Unit 1148, University Paris Diderot, and Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Center of Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clinton S Robbins
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christoph Bode
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ingo Hilgendorf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang L, Xia L, Zheng M, Zeng Z, Liu Y, Yarovinsky T, Ostriker AC, Fan X, Weng K, Su M, Huang P, Martin KA, Hwa J, Tang WH. Reduced Platelet miR-223 Induction in Kawasaki Disease Leads to Severe Coronary Artery Pathology Through a miR-223/PDGFRβ Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Axis. Circ Res 2020; 127:855-873. [PMID: 32597702 PMCID: PMC7486265 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.316951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis of early childhood that can result in permanent coronary artery structural damage. The cause for this arterial vulnerability in up to 15% of patients with KD is unknown. Vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation play a key role in the pathophysiology of medial damage and aneurysm formation, recognized arterial pathology in KD. Platelet hyperreactivity is also a hallmark of KD. We recently demonstrated that uptake of platelets and platelet-derived miRNAs influences vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype in vivo. OBJECTIVE We set out to explore whether platelet/vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) interactions contribute to coronary pathology in KD. METHODS AND RESULTS We prospectively recruited and studied 242 patients with KD, 75 of whom had documented coronary artery pathology. Genome-wide miRNA sequencing and droplet digital PCR demonstrated that patient with KD platelets have significant induction of miR-223 compared with healthy controls (HCs). Platelet-derived miR-223 has recently been shown to promote vascular smooth muscle quiescence and resolution of wound healing after vessel injury. Paradoxically, patients with KD with the most severe coronary pathology (giant coronary artery aneurysms) exhibited a lack of miR-223 induction. Hyperactive platelets isolated from patients with KD are readily taken up by VSMCs, delivering functional miR-223 into the VSMCs promoting VSMC differentiation via downregulation of PDGFRβ (platelet-derived growth factor receptor β). The lack of miR-223 induction in patients with severe coronary pathology leads to persistent VSMC dedifferentiation. In a mouse model of KD (Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract injection), miR-223 knockout mice exhibited increased medial thickening, loss of contractile VSMCs in the media, and fragmentation of medial elastic fibers compared with WT mice, which demonstrated significant miR-223 induction upon Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract challenge. The excessive arterial damage in the miR-223 knockout could be rescued by adoptive transfer of platelet, administration of miR-223 mimics, or the PDGFRβ inhibitor imatinib mesylate. Interestingly, miR-223 levels progressively increase with age, with the lowest levels found in <5-year-old. This provides a basis for coronary pathology susceptibility in this very young cohort. CONCLUSIONS Platelet-derived miR-223 (through PDGFRβ inhibition) promotes VSMC differentiation and resolution of KD induced vascular injury. Lack of miR-223 induction leads to severe coronary pathology characterized by VSMC dedifferentiation and medial damage. Detection of platelet-derived miR-223 in patients with KD (at the time of diagnosis) may identify patients at greatest risk of coronary artery pathology. Moreover, targeting platelet miR-223 or VSMC PDGFRβ represents potential therapeutic strategies to alleviate coronary pathology in KD. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Blood Platelets/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Cells, Cultured
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Coronary Artery Disease/etiology
- Coronary Artery Disease/genetics
- Coronary Artery Disease/metabolism
- Coronary Artery Disease/pathology
- Coronary Vessels/metabolism
- Coronary Vessels/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Humans
- Infant
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- MicroRNAs/blood
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/blood
- Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/complications
- Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/diagnosis
- Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Platelet Activation
- Prospective Studies
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Severity of Illness Index
- Signal Transduction
- Young Adult
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- From the Institute of Pediatrics (Y.Z., L.X., M.Z., Z.Z., Y.L., X.F., K.W., M.S., W.H.T.), Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Department of Cardiology (Y.W., L.Z., P.H.), Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology (Y.W., L.Z., P.H.), Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Luoxing Xia
- From the Institute of Pediatrics (Y.Z., L.X., M.Z., Z.Z., Y.L., X.F., K.W., M.S., W.H.T.), Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Minhui Zheng
- From the Institute of Pediatrics (Y.Z., L.X., M.Z., Z.Z., Y.L., X.F., K.W., M.S., W.H.T.), Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- From the Institute of Pediatrics (Y.Z., L.X., M.Z., Z.Z., Y.L., X.F., K.W., M.S., W.H.T.), Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- From the Institute of Pediatrics (Y.Z., L.X., M.Z., Z.Z., Y.L., X.F., K.W., M.S., W.H.T.), Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Timur Yarovinsky
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (T.Y., A.C.O., K.A.M., J.H.)
| | - Allison C Ostriker
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (T.Y., A.C.O., K.A.M., J.H.)
| | - Xuejiao Fan
- From the Institute of Pediatrics (Y.Z., L.X., M.Z., Z.Z., Y.L., X.F., K.W., M.S., W.H.T.), Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Kai Weng
- From the Institute of Pediatrics (Y.Z., L.X., M.Z., Z.Z., Y.L., X.F., K.W., M.S., W.H.T.), Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Meiling Su
- From the Institute of Pediatrics (Y.Z., L.X., M.Z., Z.Z., Y.L., X.F., K.W., M.S., W.H.T.), Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Cardiology (Y.W., L.Z., P.H.), Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Kathleen A Martin
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (T.Y., A.C.O., K.A.M., J.H.)
| | - John Hwa
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (T.Y., A.C.O., K.A.M., J.H.)
| | - Wai Ho Tang
- From the Institute of Pediatrics (Y.Z., L.X., M.Z., Z.Z., Y.L., X.F., K.W., M.S., W.H.T.), Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Williams EA, Russo V, Ceraso S, Gupta D, Barrett-Jolley R. Anti-arrhythmic properties of non-antiarrhythmic medications. Pharmacol Res 2020; 156:104762. [PMID: 32217149 PMCID: PMC7248574 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Traditional anti-arrhythmic drugs are classified by the Vaughan-Williams classification scheme based on their mechanisms of action, which includes effects on receptors and/or ion channels. Some known anti-arrhythmic drugs do not perfectly fit into this classification scheme. Other medications/molecules with established non-anti-arrhythmic indications have shown anti-arrhythmic properties worth exploring. In this narrative review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms and evidence base for the anti-arrhythmic properties of traditional non-antiarrhythmic drugs such as inhibitors of the renin angiotensin system (RAS), statins and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In summary, RAS antagonists, statins and PUFAs are 'upstream target modulators' that appear to have anti-arrhythmic roles. RAS blockers prevent the downstream arrhythmogenic effects of angiotensin II - the main effector peptide of RAS - and the angiotensin type 1 receptor. Statins have pleiotropic effects including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, modulation of autonomic nervous system, anti-proliferative and anti-oxidant actions which appear to underlie their anti-arrhythmic properties. PUFAs have the ability to alter ion channel function and prevent excessive accumulation of calcium ions in cardiac myocytes, which might explain their benefits in certain arrhythmic conditions. Clearly, whilst a number of anti-arrhythmic drugs exist, there is still a need for randomised trials to establish whether additional agents, including those already in clinical use, have significant anti-arrhythmic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ato Williams
- Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Thomas Drive, Liverpool, L14 3PE, United Kingdom; Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Chair of Cardiology, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Ceraso
- Specialization Fellow in Cardiology, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" - Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Dhiraj Gupta
- Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Thomas Drive, Liverpool, L14 3PE, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Barrett-Jolley
- Chair Neuropharmacology, Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Perrotta P, Van der Veken B, Van Der Veken P, Pintelon I, Roosens L, Adriaenssens E, Timmerman V, Guns PJ, De Meyer GR, Martinet W. Partial Inhibition of Glycolysis Reduces Atherogenesis Independent of Intraplaque Neovascularization in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1168-1181. [PMID: 32188275 PMCID: PMC7176341 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intraplaque neovascularization is an important feature of unstable human atherosclerotic plaques. However, its impact on plaque formation and stability is poorly studied. Because proliferating endothelial cells generate up to 85% of their ATP from glycolysis, we investigated whether pharmacological inhibition of glycolytic flux by the small-molecule 3PO (3-[3-pyridinyl]-1-[4-pyridinyl]-2-propen-1-one) could have beneficial effects on plaque formation and composition. Approach and Results: ApoE-/- (apolipoprotein E deficient) mice treated with 3PO (50 µg/g, ip; 4×/wk, 4 weeks) showed a metabolic switch toward ketone body formation. Treatment of ApoE-/-Fbn1C1039G+/- mice with 3PO (50 µg/g, ip) either after 4 (preventive, twice/wk, 10 weeks) or 16 weeks of Western diet (curative, 4×/wk, 4 weeks) inhibited intraplaque neovascularization by 50% and 38%, respectively. Plaque formation was significantly reduced in all 3PO-treated animals. This effect was independent of intraplaque neovascularization. In vitro experiments showed that 3PO favors an anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage subtype and suppresses an M1 proinflammatory phenotype. Moreover, 3PO induced autophagy, which in turn impaired NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B) signaling and inhibited TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha)-mediated VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) and ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) upregulation. Consistently, a preventive 3PO regimen reduced endothelial VCAM-1 expression in vivo. Furthermore, 3PO improved cardiac function in ApoE-/-Fbn1C1039G+/- mice after 10 weeks of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Partial inhibition of glycolysis restrained intraplaque angiogenesis without affecting plaque composition. However, less plaques were formed, which was accompanied by downregulation of endothelial adhesion molecules-an event that depends on autophagy induction. Inhibition of coronary plaque formation by 3PO resulted in an overall improved cardiac function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Perrotta
- From the Laboratory of Physiopharmacology (P.P., B.V.d.V., P.-J.G., G.R.Y.D.M., W.M.), University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bieke Van der Veken
- From the Laboratory of Physiopharmacology (P.P., B.V.d.V., P.-J.G., G.R.Y.D.M., W.M.), University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Isabel Pintelon
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology (I.P.), University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Laurence Roosens
- Antwerp University Hospital, Laboratory Medicine, Belgium (L.R.)
| | - Elias Adriaenssens
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge (E.A., V.T.), University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge (E.A., V.T.), University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan Guns
- From the Laboratory of Physiopharmacology (P.P., B.V.d.V., P.-J.G., G.R.Y.D.M., W.M.), University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guido R.Y. De Meyer
- From the Laboratory of Physiopharmacology (P.P., B.V.d.V., P.-J.G., G.R.Y.D.M., W.M.), University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Martinet
- From the Laboratory of Physiopharmacology (P.P., B.V.d.V., P.-J.G., G.R.Y.D.M., W.M.), University of Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shen L, Gu Y, Qiu Y, Cheng T, Nie A, Cui C, Fu C, Li T, Li X, Fu L, Wang Y, Ni Q, Wang Q, Wang W, Feng B. Atorvastatin Targets the Islet Mevalonate Pathway to Dysregulate mTOR Signaling and Reduce β-Cell Functional Mass. Diabetes 2020; 69:48-59. [PMID: 31649162 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Statins are cholesterol-lowering agents that increase the incidence of diabetes and impair glucose tolerance via their detrimental effects on nonhepatic tissues, such as pancreatic islets, but the underlying mechanism has not been determined. In atorvastatin (ator)-treated high-fat diet-fed mice, we found reduced pancreatic β-cell size and β-cell mass, fewer mature insulin granules, and reduced insulin secretion and glucose tolerance. Transcriptome profiling of primary pancreatic islets showed that ator inhibited the expression of pancreatic transcription factor, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, and small G protein (sGP) genes. Supplementation of the mevalonate pathway intermediate geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), which is produced by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, significantly restored the attenuated mTOR activity, v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog A (MafA) expression, and β-cell function after ator, lovastatin, rosuvastatin, and fluvastatin treatment; this effect was potentially mediated by sGP prenylation. Rab5a, the sGP in pancreatic islets most affected by ator treatment, was found to positively regulate mTOR signaling and β-cell function. Rab5a knockdown mimicked the effect of ator treatment on β-cells. Thus, ator impairs β-cell function by regulating sGPs, for example, Rab5a, which subsequently attenuates islet mTOR signaling and reduces functional β-cell mass. GGPP supplementation could constitute a new approach for preventing statin-induced hyperglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Shen
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyun Gu
- National Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixuan Qiu
- National Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Cheng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aifang Nie
- National Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Canqi Cui
- National Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyang Fu
- National Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Li
- National Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuelin Li
- National Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihong Fu
- National Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- National Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qicheng Ni
- National Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qidi Wang
- National Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- National Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang R, Cao Y, Li H, Hu Z, Zhang H, Zhang L, Su W, Xu Y, Liang L, Melgiri ND, Jiang L, Li X. miR-532-3p-CSF2RA Axis as a Key Regulator of Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation. Can J Cardiol 2019; 36:1782-1794. [PMID: 32473103 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most dangerous atherosclerotic plaques, referred to as "vulnerable," are most likely to trigger acute atherothrombotic events such as myocardial infarction (heart attack) and stroke. Our goal was to uncover the molecular drivers of vulnerable plaque formation. METHODS To elucidate the functional gene modules that drive vulnerable plaque formation, we performed a weighted gene coexpression network analysis integrated with a protein-protein interaction network analysis in human atherosclerotic carotid samples, which identified the candidate gene granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor 2 (GM-CSF) receptor alpha subunit (CSF2RA). Follow-up in vitro experiments were performed to elucidate the regulatory relationship between CSF2RA and the microRNA miR-532-3p as well as modifiers of macrophagic miR-532-3p-CSF2RA axis expression. Microarray and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) studies elucidated the effect of statins on carotid miR-532-3p-CSF2RA axis expression in patients with carotid atherosclerotic disease. Apoe-/-, Ldlr-/-, and Csf2ra mutant Apoe-/- mouse models of atherosclerosis were employed to assess the effects of agomiR-532-3p therapy in vivo. RESULTS The integrated weighted gene coexpression network analysis/protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed that the macrophagic GM-CSF receptor CSF2RA is significantly upregulated in macrophage-rich vulnerable plaques. Follow-up analysis identified the miR-532-3p-CSF2RA axis, as miR-532-3p downregulates CSF2RA via binding to CSF2RA's 3'UTR. Macrophagic miR-532-3p-CSF2RA dysregulation was enhanced via modified low-density lipoprotein or tumor necrosis factor α exposure in vitro. Moreover, this miR-532-3p-CSF2RA dysregulation was observed in human vulnerable plaques and Apoe-/- mouse plaques, effects rescued by statin therapy. In vivo, agomiR-532-3p therapy suppressed murine plaque formation and promoted plaque stabilization in a Csf2ra-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Macrophagic miR-532-3p-CSF2RA axis dysregulation is a key driver in vulnerable plaque formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhong Huang
- Department of Gerontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongrong Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zicheng Hu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lujun Zhang
- Statistical Laboratory, Chuangxu Institute of Life Science, Chongqing, China; Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhua Su
- Department of Cardiology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Statistical Laboratory, Chuangxu Institute of Life Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Liwen Liang
- Department of Cardiology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Narayan D Melgiri
- Impactys Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lihong Jiang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xingsheng Li
- Department of Gerontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ren Y, Li H, Liu X. Effects of Ginkgo leaf tablets on the pharmacokinetics of atovastatin in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:403-406. [PMID: 31188698 PMCID: PMC6566491 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1622569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Context: Ginkgo leaf tablets (GLT), an effective traditional Chinese multi-herbal formula, are often combined with atorvastatin calcium (AC) for treating coronary heart disease in clinic. Objective: This study investigated the effects of GLT on the pharmacokinetics of AC and the potential mechanism. Materials and methods: The pharmacokinetics of AC (oral administered at a dose of 1 mg/kg) with or without pre-treatment of GLT (oral administered at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day for 10 days) were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The effects of GLT on the metabolic stability of AC were also investigated using rat liver microsome incubation systems. Results: The results indicated that the Cmax increased from 36.84 ± 4.21 to 48.68 ± 6.35 ng/mL, and the AUC(0-t) increased from 135.82 ± 21.05 to 77.28 ± 12.92 ng h/mL, and t1/2 also increased from 2.62 ± 0.31 to 3.32 ± 0.57 h when GLT and AC were co-administered. The metabolic stability of AC was also increased (48.2 ± 6.7 vs. 36.7 ± 5.3 min) with the pre-treatment of GLT. Discussion: This study indicated that the main components in GLT could accelerate the metabolism of AC in rat liver microsomes and change the pharmacokinetic behaviours of AC. So these results showed that the herb-drug interaction between GLT and AC might occur, and the clinical efficacy could increase when they were co-administered. Therefore, the clinical dose of AC should be decreased when GLT and AC are co-administered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, The People’s Hospital of Guangrao, Dongying, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The People’s Hospital of Dongying District, Dongying, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The People’s Hospital of Guangrao, Dongying, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu BW, Liu Y, Wu MS, Meng YH, Lu M, Guo JD, Zhou YH. Downregulation of microRNA-135b promotes atherosclerotic plaque stabilization in atherosclerotic mice by upregulating erythropoietin receptor. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:198-213. [PMID: 31444954 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque rupture is an important pathophysiologic mechanism of acute coronary syndrome. Emerging microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the atherosclerotic plaque formation and macrophage autophagy during the development of atherosclerosis (AS). Hence, this study was conducted to explore the role microRNA-135b (miR-135b) in macrophages and atherosclerotic plaque in mouse models of AS. The expression of miR-135b and erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) was altered in atherosclerotic mice to clarify their effect on inflammation, cell activities of aortic tissues, and macrophage autophagy. The obtained findings unraveled that miR-135b was upregulated and EPOR was downregulated in atherosclerotic mice. Upregulated miR-135b expression promoted cell apoptosis and inflammation, along with inhibited cell proliferation and decreased macrophage autophagy. Notably, miR-135 was validated to target EPOR and activate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, miR-135b inhibition attenuated inflammation, atherosclerotic plaque development, and promoted macrophage autophagy. Besides, the effect of miR-135b inhibition was reversed in response to EPOR silencing. Taken conjointly, the study revealed that inhibition of miR-135b promoted macrophage autophagy and atherosclerotic plaque stabilization in atherosclerotic mice by inactivating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and upregulating EPOR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medicine College, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medicine College, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi-Shan Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Formulaology, Basic Medicine College, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Hui Meng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Formulaology, Basic Medicine College, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Lu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Formulaology, Basic Medicine College, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Dong Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Formulaology, Basic Medicine College, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hui Zhou
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Formulaology, Basic Medicine College, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kurdi A, Roth L, Van der Veken B, Van Dam D, De Deyn PP, De Doncker M, Neels H, De Meyer GR, Martinet W. Everolimus depletes plaque macrophages, abolishes intraplaque neovascularization and improves survival in mice with advanced atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 113:70-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
16
|
Sun S, Wang R, Fan J, Zhang G, Zhang H. Effects of Danshen tablets on pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin calcium in rats and its potential mechanism. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:104-108. [PMID: 29322864 PMCID: PMC6130457 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1424209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Danshen tablets (DST), an effective traditional Chinese multi-herbal formula, are often combined with atorvastatin calcium (AC) for treating coronary heart disease in the clinic. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of DST on the pharmacokinetics of AC and the potential mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pharmacokinetics of AC (1 mg/kg) with or without pretreatment of DST (100 mg/kg) were investigated using LC-MS/MS. The effects of DST (50 μg/mL) on the metabolic stability of AC were also investigated using rat liver microsome incubation systems. RESULTS The results indicated that Cmax (23.87 ± 4.27 vs. 38.94 ± 5.32 ng/mL), AUC(0-t) (41.01 ± 11.32 vs. 77.28 ± 12.92 ng h/mL), and t1/2 (1.91 ± 0.18 vs. 2.74 ± 0.23 h) decreased significantly (p < 0.05) when DST and AC were co-administered, which suggested that DST might influence the pharmacokinetic behavior of AC when they are co-administered. The metabolic stability (t1/2) of AC was also decreased (25.7 ± 5.2 vs. 42.5 ± 6.1) with the pretreatment of DST. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that the main components in DST could accelerate the metabolism of AC in rat liver microsomes and change the pharmacokinetic behaviors of AC. So these results showed that the herb-drug interaction between DST and AC might occur when they were co-administered. Therefore, the clinical dose of AC should be adjusted when DST and AC are co-administered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sina Z, Nasrollahzadeh J, Shokraei S, Rismanchi M, Foroughi F. Black and red peppers attenuates plasma and lipopolysaccharide-induced splenocytes production of tumor necrosis factor-α in mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
18
|
Seifert R, Kuhlmann MT, Eligehausen S, Kiefer F, Hermann S, Schäfers M. Molecular imaging of MMP activity discriminates unstable from stable plaque phenotypes in shear-stress induced murine atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204305. [PMID: 30304051 PMCID: PMC6179381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose As atherosclerotic plaque ruptures are the primary cause of ischaemic events, their preventive identification by imaging remains a clinical challenge. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are involved in plaque progression and destabilisation and are therefore promising targets to characterize rupture-prone unstable plaques. This study aims at evaluating MMP imaging to discriminate unstable from stable plaque phenotypes. Methods ApoE deficient mice (ApoE-/-) on a high cholesterol diet underwent implantation of a tapered cuff around the right common carotid artery (CCA) inducing a highly inflamed atherosclerotic plaque upstream (US) and a more stable plaque phenotype downstream (DS) of the cuff. 8 weeks after surgery, the MMP inhibitor-based photoprobe Cy5.5-AF443 was administered i.v. 3h prior to in situ and ex vivo fluorescence reflectance imaging of the CCAs. Thereafter, CCAs were analysed regarding plaque size, presence of macrophages, and MMP-2 and MMP-9 concentrations by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Results We found a significantly higher uptake of Cy5.5-AF443 in US as compared to DS plaques in situ (1.29 vs. 1.06 plaque-to-background ratio; p<0.001), which was confirmed by ex vivo measurements. Immunohistochemistry revealed a higher presence of macrophages, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in US compared to DS plaques. Accordingly, MMP-2 concentrations were significantly higher in US plaques (47.2±7.6 vs. 29.6±4.6 ng/mg; p<0.05). Conclusions In the ApoE-/- cuff model MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities are significantly higher in upstream low shear stress-induced unstable atherosclerotic plaques as compared to downstream more stable plaque phenotypes. MMP inhibitor-based fluorescence molecular imaging allows visualization of these differences in shear stress-induced atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Seifert
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael T. Kuhlmann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sarah Eligehausen
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Friedemann Kiefer
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- DFG EXC 1003 Cluster of Excellence ‘Cells in Motion’, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Sven Hermann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- DFG EXC 1003 Cluster of Excellence ‘Cells in Motion’, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- DFG EXC 1003 Cluster of Excellence ‘Cells in Motion’, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Statin treatment reduces matrix degradation capacity of proinflammatory polarized macrophages. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 110:49-54. [PMID: 30098417 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Macrophages are versatile immune cells involved in tissue degradation and remodeling. Proinflammatory macrophages have the highest capacity of matrix degradation and proteolysis. Within atherosclerotic lesions, proinflammatory macrophages are associated with unstable plaques. Statins have been demonstrated to increase plaque stability. Possible changes of polarized macrophage tissue degradation behavior under statin treatment are currently unknown. METHODS Polarized macrophages were tested in vitro for matrix degradation capacity with or without statin treatment. RESULTS Proinflammatory macrophages show high matrix degradation capacity, which is lost after statin treatment. Statin concentrations were within a physiological range and did not influence overall macrophage polarization. Proinflammatory macrophages showed however a loss of filopodia where activators of MMPs are located. Loss of matrix degradation in proinflammatory macrophages was associated with changes of MMP14 activation and loss of uPAR localization at filopodia. Supplementation of mevalonate restored localization of uPAR to cellular protrusions and matrix degradation capacity. CONCLUSION Statins reduce the matrix degradation potential of proinflammatory macrophages by reducing uPAR localization to cellular filopodia and reducing intracellular MMP14 activation.
Collapse
|
20
|
Yu Q, Wang F, Meng X, Gong Y, Wang Y, Xu C, Wang S. Short‑term use of atorvastatin affects glucose homeostasis and suppresses the expression of LDL receptors in the pancreas of mice. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2780-2788. [PMID: 30015940 PMCID: PMC6102652 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLRs) may serve a role in the diabetogenic effect of statins; however, the effects of statins on LDLR expression and its regulation in the pancreas and islets have yet to be determined. To exclude the long-term effects of treatment with atorvastatin, which allows mice to adapt, male C57BL/j and apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were acutely treated with oral atorvastatin for 6 weeks, and glucose homeostasis and LDLR expression in the pancreas and islets were examined. In the present study, it was observed that the short-term use of atorvastatin affected insulin sensitivity in normal mice and glucose tolerance in hyperlipidemic mice. Furthermore, it was identified that 6 weeks of treatment with atorvastatin suppressed LDLR expression in the pancreas and pancreatic islets in C57BL/j mice, and an increase in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 expression was additionally observed in the pancreas. However, 6 weeks of treatment with atorvastatin did not affect LDLR expression in the pancreas of hyperlipidemic mice. It may be concluded that the short-term use of atorvastatin disturbs glucose homeostasis and suppresses LDLR expression in the pancreas and pancreatic islets in C57BL/j mice, suggesting that the role of LDLR in the diabetogenic effect of statins requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yu
- Institute of Material Medical, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases and Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Meng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases and Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Yiren Gong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases and Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases and Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Cangbao Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases and Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Siwang Wang
- Institute of Material Medical, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Perrotta P, Emini Veseli B, Van der Veken B, Roth L, Martinet W, De Meyer GRY. Pharmacological strategies to inhibit intra-plaque angiogenesis in atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 112:72-78. [PMID: 29933080 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex multifactorial disease that affects large and medium-sized arteries. Rupture of atherosclerotic plaques and subsequent acute cardiovascular complications remain a leading cause of death and morbidity in the Western world. There is a considerable difference in safety profile between a stable and a vulnerable, rupture-prone lesion. The need for plaque-stabilizing therapies is high, and for a long time the lack of a suitable animal model mimicking advanced human atherosclerotic plaques made it very difficult to make progress in this area. Evidence from human plaques indicates that intra-plaque (IP) angiogenesis promotes atherosclerosis and plaque destabilization. Although neovascularization has been widely investigated in cancer, studies on the pharmacological inhibition of this phenomenon in atherosclerosis are scarce, mainly due to the lack of an appropriate animal model. By using ApoE-/- Fbn1C1039G+/- mice, a novel model of vulnerable plaques, we were able to investigate the effect of pharmacological inhibition of various mechanisms of IP angiogenesis on plaque destabilization and atherogenesis. In the present review, we discuss the following potential pharmacological strategies to inhibit IP angiogenesis: (1) inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor signalling, (2) inhibition of glycolytic flux, and (3) inhibition of fatty acid oxidation. On the long run, IP neovascularization might be applicable as a therapeutic target to induce plaque stabilization on top of lipid-lowering treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Perrotta
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | - Lynn Roth
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Martinet
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li B, Li W, Li X, Zhou H. Inflammation: A Novel Therapeutic Target/Direction in Atherosclerosis. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 23:1216-1227. [PMID: 28034355 PMCID: PMC6302344 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666161230142931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the viewpoint of atherosclerosis has been replaced gradually by a lipid-driven, chronic, low-grade inflammatory disease of the arterial wall. Current treatment of atherosclerosis is focused on limiting its risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia or hypertension. However, treatment targeting the inflammatory nature of atherosclerosis is still very limited and deserves further attention to fight atherosclerosis successfully. Here, we review the current development of inflammation and atherosclerosis to discuss novel insights and potential targets in atherosclerosis, and to address drug discovery based on anti-inflammatory strategy in atherosclerotic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038. China
| | - Weihong Li
- Assisted Reproductive Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016. China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038. China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharamacy, The Third Military Medical University, P.O. Box: 400038, Chongqing. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Defective Autophagy in Atherosclerosis: To Die or to Senesce? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7687083. [PMID: 29682164 PMCID: PMC5846382 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7687083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a subcellular process that plays an important role in the degradation of proteins and damaged organelles such as mitochondria (a process termed “mitophagy”) via lysosomes. It is crucial for regulating protein and mitochondrial quality control and maintaining cellular homeostasis, whereas dysregulation of autophagy has been implicated in a wide range of diseases including atherosclerosis. Recent evidence has shown that the autophagic process becomes dysfunctional during the progression of atherosclerosis, regardless of whether there are many autophagy-stimulating factors (e.g., reactive oxygen species, oxidized lipids, and cytokines) present within the atherosclerotic plaque. This review highlights the recent insights into the causes and consequences of defective autophagy in atherosclerosis, with a special focus on the role of autophagy and mitophagy in plaque macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and endothelial cells (ECs). It has been shown that defective autophagy can promote apoptosis in macrophages but that it accelerates premature senescence in VSMCs. In the ECs, defective autophagy promotes both apoptosis and senescence. We will discuss the discrepancy between these three cell types in their response to autophagy deficiency and underline the cell type-dependent role of autophagy, which may have important implications for the efficacy of autophagy-targeted treatments for atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
24
|
Animal models of atherosclerosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 816:3-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
25
|
Effects of atorvastatin and diet interventions on atherosclerotic plaque inflammation and [18F]FDG uptake in Ldlr−/−Apob mice. Atherosclerosis 2017; 263:369-376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
26
|
99mTc-labeled bevacizumab for detecting atherosclerotic plaque linked to plaque neovascularization and monitoring antiangiogenic effects of atorvastatin treatment in ApoE -/- mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3504. [PMID: 28615707 PMCID: PMC5471207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03276-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic neovascularization plays a significant role in plaque instability as it provides additional lipids and inflammatory mediators to lesions, and resulting in intraplaque hemorrhage. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is considered the predominant proangiogenic factor in angiogenesis. Bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, specifically binds to all VEGF-A isoforms with high affinity. Therefore, in this study, we designed 99mTc-MAG3-bevacizumab as a probe, and then investigated its usefulness as a new imaging agent for the detection of plaque neovessels, while also assessing the therapeutic effect of atorvastatin treatment. The ApoE−/− mice treated with atorvastatin were used as the treatment group, and C57BL/6 J mice were selected as the control group. 99mTc-MAG3-bevacizumab uptake was visualized on atherosclerotic lesions by non-invasive in-vivo micro-SPECT/CT and ex-vivo BSGI planar imaging. The value of P/B in each part of the aorta of ApoE−/− mice was higher than in the treatment group and the C57BL/6 J mice, which was confirmed by Oil Red O staining, CD31 staining and VEGF immunohistochemistry staining. 99mTc-MAG3-bevacizumab imaging allowed for the non-invasive diagnosis and assessment of plaque neovascularization. Furthermore, this probe may be used as a new molecular imaging agent to assess the antiangiogenic effect of atorvastatin.
Collapse
|
27
|
He XW, Yu D, Li WL, Zheng Z, Lv CL, Li C, Liu P, Xu CQ, Hu XF, Jin XP. Anti-atherosclerotic potential of baicalin mediated by promoting cholesterol efflux from macrophages via the PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1/ABCG1 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:257-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
|
28
|
de Vries MR, Quax PHA. Plaque angiogenesis and its relation to inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque destabilization. Curr Opin Lipidol 2016; 27:499-506. [PMID: 27472406 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The review discusses the recent literature on plaque angiogenesis and its relation to inflammation and plaque destabilization. Furthermore, it discusses how plaque angiogenesis can be used to monitor atherosclerosis and serve as a therapeutic target. RECENT FINDINGS Histopathologic studies have shown a clear relationship between plaque angiogenesis, intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), plaque vulnerability, and cardiovascular events. Hypoxia is a main driver of plaque angiogenesis and the mechanism behind angiogenesis is only partly known. IPH, as the result of immature neovessels, is associated with increased influx of inflammatory cells in the plaques. Experimental models displaying certain features of human atherosclerosis such as plaque angiogenesis or IPH are developed and can contribute to unraveling the mechanism behind plaque vulnerability. New imaging techniques are established, with which plaque angiogenesis and vulnerability can be detected. Furthermore, antiangiogenic therapies in atherosclerosis gain much attention. SUMMARY Plaque angiogenesis, IPH, and inflammation contribute to plaque vulnerability. Histopathologic and imaging studies together with specific experimental studies have provided insights in plaque angiogenesis and plaque vulnerability. However, more extensive knowledge on the underlying mechanism is required for establishing new therapies for patients at risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margreet R de Vries
- Department of Surgery, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Park SH, Sung YY, Jang S, Nho KJ, Choi GY, Kim HK. The Korean herbal medicine, Do In Seung Gi-Tang, attenuates atherosclerosis via AMPK in high-fat diet-induced ApoE(-/-) mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:352. [PMID: 27608856 PMCID: PMC5016892 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Do In Seung Gi-Tang (DISGT) is an herbal mixture of traditional Korean medicine that is composed of Rheum undulatum Linne, Prunus Persica (L.) Batsch, Conyza canadensis L., Cinnamomum Cassia Presl, and Glycytthiza uralensis Fischer (8: 6: 4: 4: 4 ratio). We investigated the effect of DISGT on vascular inflammation and lipid accumulation in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice. Methods ApoE−/− mice that were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were treated with DISGT (300 mg/kg/day) or statin (10 mg/kg/day) for 16 weeks. Serum lipid levels were analyzed. Oil Red O staining was used to evaluate atherosclerotic lesions and lipid accumulation in the aorta and liver, respectively. The expression of adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1], vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM-1], and E-selectin), fatty acid synthase (FAS), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and acetyl-coA carboxylase (ACC) in the aorta or liver tissues was measured by western blot analysis. Lipid synthesis and inflammatory responses were assessed by immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin & eosin staining, respectively. Results Treatment of HFD-fed mice with DISGT significantly lowered body weight, liver weight, and the levels of lipids, including total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides. Glucose levels were also lowered. In the aorta, DISGT attenuated atherosclerotic lesions and reduced the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin. Moreover, DISGT decreased lipid accumulation, inflammatory responses, and FAS levels, and it activated AMPK and reduced ACC expression in liver tissues. Conclusions The beneficial, anti-lipolytic, and anti-inflammatory effects of DISGT were mediated by the AMPK pathway. As a result, the expression of inflammatory factors was reduced. Our data provide evidence that DISGT may have strong therapeutic potential in treating vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
30
|
Pleiotropic effects of statins: new therapeutic targets in drug design. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:695-712. [PMID: 27146293 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The HMG Co-enzyme inhibitors and new lipid-modifying agents expand their new therapeutic target options in the field of medical profession. Statins have been described as the most effective class of drugs to reduce serum cholesterol levels. Since the discovery of the first statin nearly 30 years ago, these drugs have become the main therapeutic approach to lower cholesterol levels. The present scientific research demonstrates numerous non-lipid modifiable effects of statins termed as pleiotropic effects of statins, which could be beneficial for the treatment of various devastating disorders. The most important positive effects of statins are anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, anti-diabetes, and antithrombotic, improving endothelial dysfunction and attenuating vascular remodeling besides many others which are discussed under the scope of this review. In particular, inhibition of Rho and its downstream target, Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK), and their agonistic action on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) can be viewed as the principle mechanisms underlying the pleiotropic effects of statins. With gradually increasing knowledge of new therapeutic targets of statins, their use has also been advocated in chronic inflammatory disorders for example rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In the scope of review, we highlight statins and their pleiotropic effects with reference to their harmful and beneficial effects as a novel approach for their use in the treatment of devastating disorders. Graphical abstract Pleiotropic effect of statins.
Collapse
|