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Barbosa PO, Tanus-Santos JE, Cavalli RDC, Bengtsson T, Montenegro MF, Sandrim VC. The Nitrate-Nitrite-Nitric Oxide Pathway: Potential Role in Mitigating Oxidative Stress in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. Nutrients 2024; 16:1475. [PMID: 38794713 PMCID: PMC11124146 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive diseases of pregnancy (HDPs) represent a global clinical challenge, affecting 5-10% of women and leading to complications for both maternal well-being and fetal development. At the heart of these complications is endothelial dysfunction, with oxidative stress emerging as a pivotal causative factor. The reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is a vital indicator of this dysfunction, culminating in blood pressure dysregulation. In the therapeutic context, although antihypertensive medications are commonly used, they come with inherent concerns related to maternal-fetal safety, and a percentage of women do not respond to these therapies. Therefore, alternative strategies that directly address the pathophysiology of HDPs are required. This article focuses on the potential of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, abundantly present in dark leafy greens and beetroot, as an alternative approach to treating HDPs. The objective of this review is to discuss the prospective antioxidant role of nitrate. We hope our discussion paves the way for using nitrate to improve endothelial dysfunction and control oxidative stress, offering a potential therapy for managing HDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Oliveira Barbosa
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo—USP, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (P.O.B.)
| | - José E. Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Ricardo de Carvalho Cavalli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo—USP, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (P.O.B.)
| | - Tore Bengtsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcelo F. Montenegro
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Martins LZ, da Silva MLS, Rodrigues SD, Gomes SEB, Molezini L, Rizzi E, Montenegro MF, Dias-Junior CA. Sodium Nitrite Attenuates Reduced Activity of Vascular Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and Vascular Hyper-Reactivity and Increased Systolic Blood Pressure Induced by the Placental Ischemia Model of Preeclampsia in Anesthetized Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12818. [PMID: 37628999 PMCID: PMC10454117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a maternal hypertension disorder associated with vascular dysfunction and fetal and placental growth restrictions. Placental ischemia is suggested as the primary trigger of preeclampsia-associated impairments of both endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) and the vascular activity of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Reduced uteroplacental perfusion pressure (RUPP) is a placental ischemia model of preeclampsia. Reduction of sodium nitrite to NO may occur during ischemic conditions. However, sodium nitrite effects in the RUPP model of preeclampsia have not yet been investigated. Pregnant rats were divided into four groups: normotensive pregnant rats (Norm-Preg), pregnant rats treated with sodium nitrite (Preg + Nitrite), preeclamptic rats (RUPP), and preeclamptic rats treated with sodium nitrite (RUPP + Nitrite). Maternal blood pressure and fetal and placental parameters were recorded. Vascular function, circulating NO metabolites, and the gelatinolytic activity of vascular MMP-2 were also examined. Sodium nitrite attenuates increased blood pressure, prevents fetal and placental weight loss, counteracts vascular hyper-reactivity, and partially restores NO metabolites and MMP-2 activity. In conclusion, sodium nitrite reduction to NO may occur during RUPP-induced placental ischemia, thereby attenuating increased blood pressure, fetal and placental growth restriction, and vascular hyper-reactivity associated with preeclampsia and possibly restoring NO and MMP-2 activity, which underlie the blood pressure-lowering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laisla Zanetoni Martins
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (L.Z.M.); (M.L.S.d.S.); (S.D.R.); (S.E.B.G.)
| | - Maria Luiza Santos da Silva
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (L.Z.M.); (M.L.S.d.S.); (S.D.R.); (S.E.B.G.)
| | - Serginara David Rodrigues
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (L.Z.M.); (M.L.S.d.S.); (S.D.R.); (S.E.B.G.)
| | - Sáskia Estela Biasotti Gomes
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (L.Z.M.); (M.L.S.d.S.); (S.D.R.); (S.E.B.G.)
| | - Laura Molezini
- Unit of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirao Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirao Preto 14096-900, Brazil; (L.M.); (E.R.)
| | - Elen Rizzi
- Unit of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirao Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirao Preto 14096-900, Brazil; (L.M.); (E.R.)
| | - Marcelo Freitas Montenegro
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Carlos Alan Dias-Junior
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (L.Z.M.); (M.L.S.d.S.); (S.D.R.); (S.E.B.G.)
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Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) alleviates vascular dysfunction in angiotensin II-infused hypertensive mice by modulating oxidative stress and eNOS. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17633. [PMID: 36271015 PMCID: PMC9587239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been shown to have antihypertensive activity. However, the role of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in improving vascular function via modulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in hypertensive subjects is not well researched. Angiotensin II-infused hypertensive mice (8-10 weeks old) received EGCG (50 mg/kg/day) for 14 days via oral gavage. The arterial systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured using the tail-cuff method every three days. At the end of the treatment, the vascular reactivity of the isolated aortae was studied using wire myographs. The level of nitric oxide (NO), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and tetrahydrobiopterine (BH4) were determined using assay kits while the presence of proteins (NOS, p-eNOS and NOx-2) were determined using by Western blotting. In vivo treatment with EGCG for 14 days significantly attenuated the increase in SBP, alleviated the vascular dysfunction, increased the vascular cGMP and BH4 level as well as the expression of p-eNOS and decreased elevated ROS level and NOx-2 protein in angiotensin II-infused hypertensive mice. Collectively, treatment with EGCG in hypertensive mice exerts a blood pressure lowering effect which is partly attributed to the improvement in the vascular function due to its ability to reduce vascular oxidative stress in the aortic tissue leading to a decrease in eNOS uncoupling thus increasing NO bioavailability.
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Begum R, Thota S, Abdulkadir A, Kaur G, Bagam P, Batra S. NADPH oxidase family proteins: signaling dynamics to disease management. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:660-686. [PMID: 35585127 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are pervasive signaling molecules in biological systems. In humans, a lack of ROS causes chronic and extreme bacterial infections, while uncontrolled release of these factors causes pathologies due to excessive inflammation. Professional phagocytes such as neutrophils (PMNs), eosinophils, monocytes, and macrophages use superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase (NOX) as part of their arsenal of antimicrobial mechanisms to produce high levels of ROS. NOX is a multisubunit enzyme complex composed of five essential subunits, two of which are localized in the membrane, while three are localized in the cytosol. In resting phagocytes, the oxidase complex is unassembled and inactive; however, it becomes activated after cytosolic components translocate to the membrane and are assembled into a functional oxidase. The NOX isoforms play a variety of roles in cellular differentiation, development, proliferation, apoptosis, cytoskeletal control, migration, and contraction. Recent studies have identified NOX as a major contributor to disease pathologies, resulting in a shift in focus on inhibiting the formation of potentially harmful free radicals. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms and the transduction pathways involved in NOX-mediated signaling is essential for the development of new therapeutic agents that minimize the hyperproduction of ROS. The current review provides a thorough overview of the various NOX enzymes and their roles in disease pathophysiology, highlights pharmacological strategies, and discusses the importance of computational modeling for future NOX-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwana Begum
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Shilpa Thota
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Abubakar Abdulkadir
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Gagandeep Kaur
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA.,Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Prathyusha Bagam
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA.,Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Sanjay Batra
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA.
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Jiang M, Zhao XM, Jiang ZS, Wang GX, Zhang DW. Protein tyrosine nitration in atherosclerotic endothelial dysfunction. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 529:34-41. [PMID: 35149004 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can induce both protein tyrosine nitration and endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction refers to impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation that can be triggered by an imbalance in nitric oxide (NO) production and consumption. ROS reacts with NO to generate peroxynitrite, decreasing NO bioavailability. Peroxynitrite also promotes protein tyrosine nitration in vivo that can affect protein structure and function and further damage endothelial function. In this review, we discuss the process of protein tyrosine nitration, increased expression of nitrated proteins in cardiovascular disease and their association with endothelial dysfunction, and the interference of tyrosine nitration with antioxidants and the protective role in endothelial dysfunction. These may lead us to the conception that protein tyrosine nitration may be one of the causes of endothelial dysfunction, and help us gain information about the mechanism of endothelial dysfunction underlying atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic disease, Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering Collage of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhao
- College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic disease, Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Gui-Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering Collage of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Pereira BP, do Vale GT, Ceron CS. The role of nitric oxide in renovascular hypertension: from the pathophysiology to the treatment. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 395:121-131. [PMID: 34994823 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Renovascular hypertension is one of the most relevant causes of secondary hypertension, mostly caused by atherosclerotic renovascular stenosis or fibromuscular dysplasia. The increase in angiotensin II production, oxidative stress, and formation of peroxynitrite promotes the decrease in nitric oxide (NO) availability and the development of hypertension, renal and endothelial dysfunction, and cardiac and vascular remodeling. The NO produced by nitric oxide synthases (NOS) acts as a vasodilator; however, endothelial NOS uncoupling (eNOS) also contributes to NO reduced availability in renovascular hypertension. NO donors and NO-derived metabolites have been investigated in experimental renovascular hypertension and have shown promissory effects in attenuating blood pressure and organ damage in this condition. Therefore, understanding the role of decreased NO in the pathophysiology of renovascular hypertension promotes the study and development of NO donors and molecules that can be converted into NO (such as nitrate and nitrite), contributing for the treatment of this condition in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Pinheiro Pereira
- Departamento de Alimentos E Medicamentos, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Tavares do Vale
- Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas E da Saúde, Universidade Do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carla Speroni Ceron
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
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7
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Liu X, Wang X, Pan Y, Zhao L, Sun S, Luo A, Bao C, Tang H, Han Y. Artemisinin Improves Acetylcholine-Induced Vasodilatation in Rats with Primary Hypertension. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:4489-4502. [PMID: 34764635 PMCID: PMC8576437 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s330721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Endothelial dysfunction and the subsequent decrease in endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation of small arteries are major features of hypertension. Artemisinin, a well-known antimalarial drug, has been shown to exert protecting roles against endothelial cell injury in cardiac and pulmonary vascular diseases. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of artemisinin on endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation and arterial blood pressure, as well as the potential signalling pathways in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Methods In this study, acetylcholine (ACh)-induced dose-dependent relaxation assays were performed to evaluate vascular endothelial function after treatment with artemisinin. Artemisinin was administered to the rats by intravenous injection or to arteries by incubation for the acute exposure experiments, and it was administered to rats by intraperitoneal injection for 28 days for the chronic experiments. Results Both acute and chronic administration of artemisinin decreased the heart rate and improved ACh-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation but negligibly affected the arterial blood pressure in SHRs. Incubation with artemisinin decreased basal vascular tension, NAD(P)H oxidase activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, but it also increased endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) activity and NO levels in the mesenteric artery, coronary artery, and pulmonary artery of SHRs. Artemisinin chronic administration to SHRs increased the protein expression of eNOS and decreased the protein expression of the NAD(P)H oxidase subunits NOX-2 and NOX-4 in the mesenteric artery. Conclusion These results indicate that treatment with artemisinin has beneficial effects on reducing the heart rate and basal vascular tension and improving endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in hypertension, which might occur by increasing eNOS activation and NO release and inhibiting NAD(P)H oxidase derived ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention for Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physiology and Pathologic Physiology, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention for Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention for Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention for Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ang Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Changlei Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Han
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention for Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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8
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Antioxidant tempol modulates the increases in tissue nitric oxide metabolites concentrations after oral nitrite administration. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 349:109658. [PMID: 34543659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) metabolites have physiological and pharmacological importance and increasing their tissue concentrations may result in beneficial effects. Tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl) has antioxidant properties that may improve NO bioavailability. Moreover, tempol increases oral nitrite-derived gastric formation of S-nitrosothiols (RSNO). We hypothesized that pretreatment with tempol may further increase tissue concentrations of NO-related species after oral nitrite administration and therefore we carried out a time-dependent analysis of how tempol affects the concentrations of NO metabolites in different tissues after oral nitrite administration to rats. NO metabolites (nitrate, nitrite and RSNO) were assessed by ozone-based reductive chemiluminescence assays in plasma, stomach, aorta, heart and liver samples obtained from anesthetized rats at baseline conditions and 15 min, 30 min, 2 h or 24 h after oral nitrite (15 mg/kg) was administered to rats pretreated with tempol (18 mg/kg) or vehicle 15 min prior to nitrite administration. Aortic protein nitrosation was assessed by resin-assited capture (SNO-RAC) method. We found that pretreatment with tempol transiently enhanced nitrite-induced increases in nitrite, RSNO and nitrate concentrations in the stomach and in the plasma (all P < 0.05), particularly for 15-30 min, without affecting aortic protein nitrosation. Pretreatment with tempol enhanced nitrite-induced increases in nitrite (but not RSNO or nitrate) concentrations in the heart (P < 0.05). In contrast, tempol attenuated nitrite-induced increases in nitrite, RSNO or nitrate concentrations in the liver. These findings show that pretreatment with tempol affects oral nitrite-induced changes in tissue concentrations of NO metabolites depending on tissue type and does not increase nitrite-induced vascular nitrosation. These results may indicate that oral nitrite therapy aiming at achieving increased nitrosation of cardiovascular targets requires appropriate doses of nitrite and is not optimized by tempol.
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Aramide Modupe Dosunmu-Ogunbi A, Galley JC, Yuan S, Schmidt HM, Wood KC, Straub AC. Redox Switches Controlling Nitric Oxide Signaling in the Resistance Vasculature and Implications for Blood Pressure Regulation: Mid-Career Award for Research Excellence 2020. Hypertension 2021; 78:912-926. [PMID: 34420371 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.16493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The arterial resistance vasculature modulates blood pressure and flow to match oxygen delivery to tissue metabolic demand. As such, resistance arteries and arterioles have evolved a series of highly orchestrated cell-cell communication mechanisms between endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells to regulate vascular tone. In response to neurohormonal agonists, release of several intracellular molecules, including nitric oxide, evokes changes in vascular tone. We and others have uncovered novel redox switches in the walls of resistance arteries that govern nitric oxide compartmentalization and diffusion. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of redox switches controlling nitric oxide signaling in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, focusing on new mechanistic insights, physiological and pathophysiological implications, and advances in therapeutic strategies for hypertension and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atinuke Aramide Modupe Dosunmu-Ogunbi
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., H.M.S., A.C.S), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Joseph C Galley
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., H.M.S., A.C.S), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Heidi M Schmidt
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., H.M.S., A.C.S), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Katherine C Wood
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Adam C Straub
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., H.M.S., A.C.S), University of Pittsburgh, PA.,Center for Microvascular Research (A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
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10
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Guimaraes DA, Batista RIM, Tanus-Santos JE. Nitrate and nitrite-based therapy to attenuate cardiovascular remodelling in arterial hypertension. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 128:9-17. [PMID: 32772466 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a highly prevalent disease marked by vascular and cardiac maladaptive remodelling induced mainly by renin-angiotensin system activation followed by oxidative stress. Here, we briefly describe these damages and review the current evidence supporting a potential role for nitrate and nitrite as antihypertensive molecules that act via nitric oxide (NO) formation-dependent and NO formation-independent mechanisms and how nitrate/nitrite inhibits cardiovascular remodelling in hypertension. The renin-angiotensin system activation and oxidative stress converge to activate proteases involved in cardiovascular remodelling in hypertension. Besides these proteases, several investigations have demonstrated that reduced endogenous NO bioavailability is a central pathological event in hypertension. In this regard, nitrate/nitrite, long considered inert products of NO, is now known as physiological molecules able to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients and in different experimental models of hypertension. These effects are associated with the formation of NO and other NO-related molecules, which could induce S-nitrosylation of target proteins. However, it remains unclear whether S-nitrosylation is an essential mechanism for the anti-remodelling effects of nitrate/nitrite in hypertension. Moreover, nitrate/nitrite produces antioxidant effects associated with the inhibition of signalling pathways involved in cardiovascular remodelling. Together, these findings may help to establish nitrate and nitrite as effective therapies in hypertension-induced cardiovascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Guimaraes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rose I M Batista
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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11
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Pinheiro LC, Ferreira GC, Damacena de Angelis C, Toledo JC, Tanus-Santos JE. A comprehensive time course study of tissue nitric oxide metabolites concentrations after oral nitrite administration. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:43-51. [PMID: 32151744 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nitrite and nitrate are considered nitric oxide (NO) storage pools. The assessment of their tissue concentrations may improve our understanding of how they attenuate pathophysiological mechanisms promoting disease. We hypothesized that significant differences exist when the tissue concentrations of nitrite, nitrate, and nitrosylated species (RXNO) are compared among different tissues, particularly when nitrite is administered orally because nitrite generates various NO-related species in the stomach. We studied the different time-dependent changes in plasma and tissue concentrations of nitrite, nitrate, and RXNO after oral nitrite 15 mg/kg was administered rats, which were euthanized 15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480 or 1440 min after nitrite administration. A control group received water. Arterial blood samples were collected and the rats were perfused with a PBS solution containing NEM/DTPA to prevent the destruction of RXNO. After perfusion, heart, aorta, mesenteric artery, brain, stomach, liver and femoral muscle were harvested and immediately stored at -70°C until analyzed for their nitrite, nitrate and RXNO contents using an ozone-based reductive chemiluminescence assay. While nitrite administration did not increase aortic nitrite or nitrate concentrations for at least 60 min, both aorta and mesenteric vessels stored nitrite from 8 to 24 h after its administration and their tissue concentrations increased from 10 to 40-fold those found in plasma. In contrast, the other studied tissues showed only transient increases in the concentrations of these NO metabolites, including RXNO. The differences among tissues may reflect differences in mechanisms regulating cellular influx of nitrite. These findings have important pharmacological and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Graziele C Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Célio Damacena de Angelis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, 13083-887, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Carlos Toledo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, 14040-901, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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12
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Nguyen ITN, Klooster A, Minnion M, Feelisch M, Verhaar MC, van Goor H, Joles JA. Sodium thiosulfate improves renal function and oxygenation in L-NNA-induced hypertension in rats. Kidney Int 2020; 98:366-377. [PMID: 32605800 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sodium thiosulfate, a reversible oxidation product of hydrogen sulfide, has vasodilating and anti-oxidative properties, making it an attractive agent to alleviate damaging effects of hypertension. In experimental settings, inhibition of nitric oxide synthase causes hypertension, renal dysfunction and damage. We hypothesized that thiosulfate would attenuate renal injury and improve renal function, hemodynamics and the efficiency of oxygen utilization for sodium reabsorption in hypertensive renal disease. Additionally, thiosulfate co-administration would further improve these variables when compared to inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system alone. Nitric oxide synthase was inhibited in Sprague Dawley rats by administering N-ω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) in the food for three weeks. After one week, rats were split into two groups; without and with thiosulfate in the drinking water. In a parallel study, rats given N-ω-nitro-L-arginine and the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor lisinopril at a relatively low dose in their food were divided into two groups; without and with thiosulfate in the drinking water. Treatment with thiosulfate alleviated hypertension (mean 190 vs. 229 mmHg), lowered plasma urea (mean 11.3 vs. 20.0 mmol/L) and improved the terminal glomerular filtration rate (mean 503 vs. 260 μl/min/100 gbw), effective renal plasma flow (mean 919 vs. 514 μl/min/100 gbw) and oxygen utilization for sodium reabsorption (mean 14.3 vs. 8.6 μmol/μmol). Combining thiosulfate with lisinopril further lowered renal vascular resistance (mean 43 vs. 63 mmHg/ml/min/100 gbw) and prevented glomerulosclerosis. Thus, our results suggest that thiosulfate has therapeutic potential in hypertensive renal disease and might be of value when added to standard antihypertensive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel T N Nguyen
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid Klooster
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Minnion
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap A Joles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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13
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Karwowska M, Kononiuk A. Nitrates/Nitrites in Food-Risk for Nitrosative Stress and Benefits. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E241. [PMID: 32188080 PMCID: PMC7139399 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of impact on human health, nitrite/nitrate and related nitrogen species such as nitric oxide (NO) are a matter of increasing scientific controversy. An increase in the content of reactive nitrogen species may result in nitrosative stress-a deleterious process, which can be an important mediator of damage to cell structures, including lipids, membranes, proteins and DNA. Nitrates and nitrites are widespread in the environment and occur naturally in foods of plant origin as a part of the nitrogen cycle. Additionally, these compounds are used as additives to improve food quality and protect against microbial contamination and chemical changes. Some vegetables such as raw spinach, beets, celery and lettuce are considered to contain high concentrations of nitrates. Due to the high consumption of vegetables, they have been identified as the primary source of nitrates in the human diet. Processed meats are another source of nitrites in our diet because the meat industry uses nitrates/nitrites as additives in the meat curing process. Although the vast majority of consumed nitrates and nitrites come from natural vegetables and fruits rather than food additives, there is currently a great deal of consumer pressure for the production of meat products free of or with reduced quantities of these compounds. This is because, for years, the cancer risks of nitrates/nitrites have been considered, since they potentially convert into the nitrosamines that have carcinogenic effects. This has resulted in the development and rapid expansion of meat products processed with plant-derived nitrates as nitrite alternatives in meat products. On the other hand, recently, these two ions have been discussed as essential nutrients which allow nitric oxide production and thus help cardiovascular health. Thus, this manuscript reviews the main sources of dietary exposure to nitrates and nitrites, metabolism of nitrites/nitrates, and health concerns related to dietary nitrites/nitrates, with particular emphasis on the effect on nitrosative stress, the role of nitrites/nitrates in meat products and alternatives to these additives used in meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Karwowska
- Department of Meat Technology and Food Quality, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
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14
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Gonzaga NA, do Vale GT, da Silva CB, Pinheiro LC, Leite LN, Carneiro FS, Tanus-Santos JE, Tirapelli CR. Treatment with nitrite prevents reactive oxygen species generation in the corpora cavernosa and restores intracavernosal pressure in hypertensive rats. Nitric Oxide 2020; 94:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Nitrite, an anion produced from the oxidative breakdown of nitric oxide (NO), has traditionally been viewed as an inert molecule. However, this dogma has been challenged with the findings that nitrite can be readily reduced to NO under pathological conditions, hence representing a physiologically relevant storage reservoir of NO either in the blood or tissues. Nitrite administration has been demonstrated to improve myocardial function in subjects with heart failure and to lower the blood pressure in hypertensive subjects. Thus, extensive amount of work has since been carried out to investigate the therapeutic potential of nitrite in treating cardiovascular diseases, especially hypertension. Studies done on several animal models of hypertension have demonstrated the efficacy of nitrite in preventing and ameliorating the pathological changes associated with the disease. This brief review of the current findings aims to re-evaluate the use of nitrite for the treatment of hypertension and in particular to highlight its role in improving endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chih Ling
- Department of Pre-clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor; and
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dharmani Devi Murugan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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16
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Neto-Neves EM, Pinheiro LC, Nogueira RC, Portella RL, Batista RI, Tanus-Santos JE. Sodium nitrite improves hypertension-induced myocardial dysfunction by mechanisms involving cardiac S-nitrosylation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 134:40-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Amaral JH, Rizzi ES, Alves-Lopes R, Pinheiro LC, Tostes RC, Tanus-Santos JE. Antioxidant and antihypertensive responses to oral nitrite involves activation of the Nrf2 pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 141:261-268. [PMID: 31251976 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Impaired redox balance contributes to the cardiovascular alterations of hypertension and activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway may counteract these alterations. While nitrite recycles back to NO and exerts antioxidant and antihypertensive effects, the mechanisms involved in these responses are not fully understood. We hypothesized that nitrite treatment of two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats activates the Nrf2 pathway, promotes the transcription of antioxidant genes, and improves the vascular redox imbalance and dysfunction in this model. Two doses of oral nitrite were studied: 15 mg/kg and the sub-antihypertensive dose of 1 mg/kg. Nitrite 15 mg/kg (but not 1 mg/kg) decreased blood pressure and increased circulating plasma nitrite and nitrate. Both doses blunted hypertension-induced increases in mesenteric artery reactive oxygen species concentrations assessed by DHE technique and restored the impaired mesenteric artery responses to acetylcholine. While 2K1C hypertension decreased nuclear Nrf2 accumulation, both doses of nitrite increased nuclear Nrf2 accumulation and mRNA expression of Nrf2-regulated genes including superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), thioredoxin-1(TRDX-1) and -2 (TRDX-2). To further confirm nitrite-mediated antioxidant effects, we measured vascular SOD and GPX activity and we found that nitrite at 1 or 15 mg/kg increased the activity of both enzymes (P < 0.05). These results suggest that activation of the Nrf2 pathway promotes antioxidant effects of nitrite, which may improve the vascular dysfunction in hypertension, even when nitrite is given at a sub-antihypertensive dose. These findings may have many clinical implications, particularly in the therapy of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson H Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elen S Rizzi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rhéure Alves-Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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18
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Han Y, Sun HJ, Tong Y, Chen YZ, Ye C, Qiu Y, Zhang F, Chen AD, Qi XH, Chen Q, Li YH, Kang YM, Zhu GQ. Curcumin attenuates migration of vascular smooth muscle cells via inhibiting NFκB-mediated NLRP3 expression in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 72:108212. [PMID: 31473513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Migration of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of hypertension and several other vascular diseases. Curcumin (1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione), a bioactive constituent from Curcuma longa, is commonly used as a spice, food additive or dietary pigment. It has several health benefits including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. This study examined the roles of curcumin in VSMC migration in hypertension and underlying mechanism. VSMC was isolated and prepared from thoracic aorta of Wistar-Kyoto rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). VSMC migration was evaluated with Boyden chamber assay and wound-healing assay. Curcumin attenuated VSMC migration, inhibited nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) expression and reduced interleukin (IL)-1β concentration in VSMC of SHR, which were similar to the effects of NLRP3 knockdown on IL-1β concentration and VSMC migration. Curcumin inhibited NFκB activation in VSMC of SHR, which was similar to the effects of NFκB inhibitor BAY11-7082 on NFκB activation. In another in vitro model of rat VSMC migration, curcumin also inhibited angiotensin II-induced VSMC migration, NFκB activation, NLRP3 expression and IL-1β production. Intragastric administration of curcumin in SHR attenuated hypertension and reduced NFκB activation, NLRP3 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expressions and aortic media thickness. These results indicate that curcumin inhibits VSMC migration via inhibiting NFκB-mediated NLRP3 expression in VSMC of SHR or in angiotensin II-treated VSMC. Curcumin attenuates hypertension, vascular inflammation and vascular remodeling in SHR.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Movement/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Curcumin/administration & dosage
- Curcumin/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Heart Rate/drug effects
- Hypertension/drug therapy
- Hypertension/pathology
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/genetics
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Rats, Wistar
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Hai-Jian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Ying Tong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yun-Zhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Chao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yun Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Ai-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Qi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
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19
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Guimaraes DA, Tanus-Santos JE. Comment on 'Cardiac effects of 6 months' dietary nitrate and spironolactone in patients with hypertension and with/at risk of type 2 diabetes, in the factorial design, double-blind, randomised controlled VaSera trial' by Faconti et al. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:1035-1036. [PMID: 30614030 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose Eduardo Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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20
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Carlstrom M, Montenegro MF. Therapeutic value of stimulating the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway to attenuate oxidative stress and restore nitric oxide bioavailability in cardiorenal disease. J Intern Med 2019; 285:2-18. [PMID: 30039620 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disorders including hypertension and associated renal disease are major health problems affecting more than 1.5 billion people worldwide. Apart from nonmodifiable factors such as ageing, family history and gender, both sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy dietary habits are considered as major risk factors. The disorders are interrelated suggesting common pathological pathways. Mechanistically, oxidative stress and compromised function of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) system leading to endothelial dysfunction and reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability have been widely implicated and associated with development and progression of disease. New strategies that correct this redox imbalance and increase NO bioactivity may have major clinical implications. The inorganic anions, nitrate and nitrite, are endogenously formed by oxidization of NOS-derived NO, but there are also high amounts of nitrate in our daily diet. In this regard, accumulated evidence over the past two decades demonstrates that these anions can be recycled back to NO and other bioactive nitrogen oxides, thus offering an attractive alternative strategy for therapeutic exploitation. In this review, we describe how dietary stimulation of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway affects cardiovascular and renal functions in health and disease via modulation of oxidative stress and NO bioavailability. Clinical studies addressing potential effects on the renal system are still limited, but blood pressure-lowering effects of nitrate supplementation have been demonstrated in healthy and hypertensive subjects as well as in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, larger clinical studies are warranted to reveal whether chronic nitrate treatment can slow-down the progression of cardiorenal disease and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carlstrom
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M F Montenegro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Rizzi E, Amaral JH, Guimarães DA, Conde-Tella SO, Pinheiro LC, Gerlach RF, Castro MM, Tanus-Santos JE. Nitrite treatment downregulates vascular MMP-2 activity and inhibits vascular remodeling in hypertension independently of its antihypertensive effects. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 130:234-243. [PMID: 30399409 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is associated with cardiovascular remodeling. Given that impaired redox state activates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)- 2 and promotes vascular remodeling, we hypothesized that nitrite treatment at a non-antihypertensive dose exerts antioxidant effects and attenuates both MMP-2 activation and vascular remodeling of hypertension. We examined the effects of oral sodium nitrite at antihypertensive (15 mg/kg) or non-antihypertensive (1 mg/kg) daily dose in hypertensive rats (two kidney, one clip; 2K1C model). Sham-operated and 2K1C hypertensive rats received vehicle or nitrite by gavage for four weeks. Systolic blood pressure decreased only in hypertensive rats treated with nitrite 15 mg/Kg/day. Both low and high nitrite doses decreased 2K1C-induced vascular remodeling assessed by measuring aortic cross-sectional area, media/lumen ratio, and number of vascular smooth muscle cells/aortic length. Both low and high nitrite doses decreased 2K1C-induced vascular oxidative stress assessed in situ with the fluorescent dye DHE and with the lucigenin chemiluminescence assay. Vascular MMP-2 expression and activity were assessed by gel zymography, Western blot, and in situ zymography increased with hypertension. While MMP-2 levels did not change in response to both doses of nitrite, both doses completely prevented hypertension-induced increases in vascular MMP activity. Moreover, incubation of aortas from hypertensive rats with nitrite at 1-20 μmol/L reduced gelatinolytic activity by 20-30%. This effect was fully inhibited by the xanthine oxidase (XOR) inhibitor febuxostat, suggesting XOR-mediated generation of nitric oxide (NO) from nitrite as a mechanism explaining the responses to nitrite. In vitro incubation of aortic extracts with nitrite 20 μmol/L did not affect MMP-2 activity. These results show that nitrite reverses the vascular structural alterations of hypertension, independently of anti-hypertensive effects. This response is mediated, at least in part, by XOR and is attributable to antioxidant effects of nitrite blunting vascular MMP-2 activation. Our findings suggest nitrite therapy to reverse structural alterations of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elen Rizzi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil; Biotechnology Unit, Ribeirao Preto University, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Jefferson H Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Danielle A Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Sandra O Conde-Tella
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Raquel F Gerlach
- Department of Morphology, Estomatology and Physiology, Dental School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Michele M Castro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil.
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22
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Davis G, Lucero J, Fellers C, McDonald JD, Lund AK. The effects of subacute inhaled multi-walled carbon nanotube exposure on signaling pathways associated with cholesterol transport and inflammatory markers in the vasculature of wild-type mice. Toxicol Lett 2018; 296:48-62. [PMID: 30081225 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has been associated with detrimental cardiovascular outcomes; however, underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. Thus, we investigated alterations in proatherogenic and proinflammatory signaling pathways in C57Bl6/ mice exposed to MWCNTs (1 mg/m3) or filtered air (FA-Controls), via inhalation, for 6 h/day, 14d. Expression of mediators of cholesterol transport, namely the lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor (LOX)-1 and ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCA)-1, inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β/IL-6, nuclear-factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), intracellular/vascular adhesion molecule(s) (VCAM-1, ICAM-1), and miRNAs (miR-221/-21/-1), associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), were analyzed in cardiac tissue and coronary vasculature. Cardiac fibrotic deposition, matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP)-2/9, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also assessed. MWCNT-exposure resulted in increased coronary ROS production with concurrent increases in expression of LOX-1, VCAM-1, TNF-α, and MMP-2/9 activity; while ABCA-1 expression was downregulated, compared to FA-Controls. Additionally, trends in fibrotic deposition and induction of cardiac TNF-α, MMP-9, IκB Kinase (IKK)-α/β, and miR-221 mRNA expression were observed. Analysis using inhibitors for nitric oxide synthase or NADPH oxidase resulted in attenuated coronary ROS production. These findings suggest that subacute inhalation MWCNT-exposure alters expression of cholesterol transporter/receptors, and induces signaling pathways associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and CVD in wild-type mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffith Davis
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76201, USA.
| | - JoAnn Lucero
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76201, USA.
| | - Caitlin Fellers
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76201, USA.
| | - Jacob D McDonald
- Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA.
| | - Amie K Lund
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76201, USA.
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