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Tao J, Li Z, Chen C, Liang R, Wu S, Lin F, Cheng Z, Yan B, Chen G. Intelligent technologies powering clean incineration of municipal solid waste: A system review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173082. [PMID: 38740220 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Cleanliness has been paramount for municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) systems. In recent years, the rapid advancement of intelligent technologies has fostered unprecedented opportunities for enhancing the cleanliness of MSWI systems. This paper offers a review and analysis of cutting-edge intelligent technologies in MSWI, which include process monitoring, intelligent algorithms, combustion control, flue gas treatment, and particulate control. The objective is to summarize current applications of these techniques and to forecast future directions. Regarding process monitoring, intelligent image analysis has facilitated real-time tracking of combustion conditions. For intelligent algorithms, machine learning models have shown advantages in accurately forecasting key process parameters and pollutant concentrations. In terms of combustion control, intelligent systems have achieved consistent prediction and regulation of temperature, oxygen content, and other parameters. Intelligent monitoring and forecasting of carbon monoxide and dioxins for flue gas treatment have exhibited satisfactory performance. Concerning particulate control, multi-objective optimization facilitates the sustainable utilization of fly ash. Despite remarkable progress, challenges remain in improving process stability and monitoring instrumentation of intelligent MSWI technologies. By systematically summarizing current applications, this timely review offers valuable insights into the future upgrade of intelligent MSWI systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Tao
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Lab for Environment & Energy, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Zaixin Li
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Lab for Environment & Energy, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Chao Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Rui Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Lab for Environment & Energy, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Fawei Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhanjun Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Wastes Utilization, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Bio Gas/Oil Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Wastes Utilization, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Bio Gas/Oil Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Lab for Environment & Energy, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850012, China.
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2
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Gao J, Huang Y, Wang S, Zhu Z, Song H, Zhang Y, Liu J, Qi S, Zhao J. Mineral transformation and solidification of heavy metals during co-melting of MSWI fly ash with coal fly ash. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:45793-45807. [PMID: 38977548 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33827-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Melting is an efficient method to turn municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash (FA) into non-hazardous material. Coal fly ash (CFA) was selected as the silica-alumina source to carry out co-melting research with MSWI FA in this work. The effects of the temperature and the CFA content on mineral transformation and the migration characteristics of heavy metals were analyzed. The results showed that the mixtures of MSWI FA and CFA reacted at high temperatures to mainly generate Ca2Al2SiO7, Ca2SiO4, and CaAl2Si2O8 primarily and then melted and formed the amorphous-phase vitreous body when the CFA content was more than 40% and the temperature was higher than 1300 °C. During the melting process, Cd and Pb were almost volatilized, while Cr, Mn, and Ni were almost retained. Besides, the volatilization rates of Cu and Zn fluctuated with the temperature and the CFA content. Suitable treatment temperature and CFA content were conducive to the transformation of the heavy metals in the FA into stable forms, and the melting products were no longer hazardous wastes because the vitreous body could effectively encapsulate heavy metals. This study aims to help reuse the FA and CFA collaboratively and be more environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yaji Huang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal-Fired Power Generation and Pollution Control, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Huikang Song
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Shuaijie Qi
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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Zha F, Wang S, Liu Z, Dai J, Yue S, Qi W, Xue X, Wang X, Zhang S. Removal of heavy metals from fly ash using electrodialysis driven by a bioelectrochemical system: a case study of Pb, Mn, Cu and Cd. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:2709-2720. [PMID: 36847577 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2185818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash is classified as hazardous waste due to high leachable heavy metals, and incineration leachate belongs to organic wastewater with high biodegradability. Electrodialysis (ED) has shown potential for the removal of heavy metals from fly ash, and bioelectrochemical system (BES) employs biological and electrochemical reactions to generate electricity and remove contaminants from a wide range of substrates. In this study, the ED-BES coupled system was constructed for the co-treatment of fly ash and incineration leachate, where the ED was driven by BES. The treatment effect of fly ash by varying additional voltage, initial pH and liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio was evaluated. Results showed that the highest removal rates of Pb, Mn, Cu and Cd were 25.43%, 20.13%, 32.14% and 18.87% after 14 days treatment of the coupled system, respectively. These values were obtained under 300 mV of additional voltage, L/S 20 and initial pH3. After the treatment of the coupled system, the fly ash leaching toxicity was lower than the threshold of GB5085.3-2007. The highest energy saving for removed Pb, Mn, Cu and Cd were 6.72, 15.61, 8.99 and 17.46 kWh/kg, respectively. The ED-BES can be considered a cleanliness approach to treating fly ash and incineration leachate simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fugeng Zha
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohai Wang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyun Liu
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Dai
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Yue
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjin Qi
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanxuan Xue
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingming Wang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China
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Bassey U, Tom AO, Okono U, John M, Sinn M, Bassey A, Luke U, Narra S. Characteristics and management of municipal solid waste in Uyo, Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10971. [PMID: 38744927 PMCID: PMC11094142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased urbanization and population lead to increased consumption of manufactured goods. This ultimately results in increased production of waste. Identifying its composition is crucial for planning an effective solid waste management strategy. This study assesses the characteristics and composition of the waste generated within the Uyo Capital City Development Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. This is to aid in developing a scientifically supported waste management pilot system for the state. Direct waste sorting and characterization were conducted on the municipal solid waste arriving at the landfill during the study period. Over 50% of the generated wastes are recyclables and composed of plastics, metals, and paper, while the fraction of organic waste is over 30%. Similarly, the waste generation per capita is 1.34 kg/person/day, while the generation forecast over the next ten years is estimated to increase by approximately 40%. Furthermore, over 9,000 surveys were completed by residents to establish a problem statement about the existing waste collection and disposal system, and possible solutions. Importantly, a majority of survey respondents were willing to source-separate their wastes and supported paying a fee for adequate waste collection. This strongly indicates that an integrated waste management system could be established to generate value from the collected waste. Supplementary revenue can be generated through composting, recycling, and land reclamation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uduak Bassey
- Department of Waste and Resource Management, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany.
- Berlin School of Technology, SRH Berlin University of Applied Science, 10587, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Abasi-Ofon Tom
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, G128QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Maja Sinn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Systemic Cell Biology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Uduak Luke
- University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - Satyanarayana Narra
- Department of Waste and Resource Management, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
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Zhang Y, Ma Z, Fang Z, Qian Y, Huang Z, Ye Y, Yan J. Research on oxygen enrichment for municipal solid waste fly ash melting: A pilot-scale study on natural gas and coal as the melting fuel. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 350:119459. [PMID: 38000269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
High energy consumption is the main obstacle of melting/vitrification technology for the disposal of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) for industrial applications. To reduce energy consumption and lower operating costs, oxygen enrichment melting was proposed and studied in this work. This research was conducted in a pilot-scale melting furnace, and three melting conditions were compared and discussed. The results showed that 66% of natural gas was saved and the operating cost was reduced by 55% when oxygen enrichment technology was applied to MSWIFA melting. When coal was used as the fuel with the oxygen enrichment melting technology, the operating cost was even lower at 66.39 dollar/ton of fly ash. Because MSWIFA was a Ca-rich material, the relatively high content of Si and Al in the coal fly ash promoted the formation of vitrificated slag, leading to a reduction in the overall pollution toxicity index (OPTI) of MSWIFA by 99.98%. Meanwhile, SO2, HCl, and secondary fly ash were the main pollutants during MSWIFA melting, and when coal was used as the fuel, the emissions of SO2 and HCl could be reduced and the OPTI of secondary fly ash was suppressed. These results suggested that to obtain the lowest operating cost and reduce secondary pollution during MSWIFA melting, the best option consisted of oxygen enrichment technology with coal as the fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Zhang
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China; State Key Laboratory of Energy Clean Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zengyi Ma
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China; State Key Laboratory of Energy Clean Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Zhuoting Fang
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Yuandong Qian
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Zhiping Huang
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Yilong Ye
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
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Feng D, Wang J, Chen D, Liang S. Experimental study on solidification/stabilization of leachate sludge by sulfoaluminate cement and MSWI by-products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:5071-5085. [PMID: 38110687 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Leachate sludge is generated from the biochemical treatment sludge tank for disposing the leachate from landfill municipal solid waste (MSW). It has the characteristics of high water content and high organic matter content. Sulfoaluminate cement (SAC) is used as the main curing agent, and municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) by-products are used as auxiliary curing agents to solidify/stabilize the leachate sludge. The influences of SAC content and MSWI by-products content on the strength and solidification mechanism of the leachate sludge are investigated by unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test and micro-observation tests. Moreover, the leaching concentration of heavy metals of the solidified samples is analyzed by leaching toxicity test. The results show that the UCS of the solidified samples increases with an increase in cement content. When the cement content is larger than 20%, the UCS of the solidified samples satisfies the strength requirement of landfill. The enhancing effect of bottom ash on the cement-solidified samples is slight. The fly ash is a good auxiliary curing agent for improving the UCS of cement-solidified samples, and the optimal dosage of fly ash is 5% and 15% for the solidified samples with 10 ~ 30% and 40 ~ 50% cement content, respectively. Ten percent fly ash can replace 10% cement to achieve better solidification effect for the solidified samples. The leaching concentration of heavy metals in the solidified sample with 30%/40% cement and 15% fly ash/bottom ash can satisfy the strength and leaching toxicity requirements of landfill. The immobilization of heavy metal of the cement and MSWI by-products solidified samples is mainly achieved through physical adsorption, physical encapsulation, ion exchange, and chemical precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deluan Feng
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dongyao Chen
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shihua Liang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Wang Y, Hu J, Gong H, Qi C, Zhu N. Factors affecting the durability of dimethyl dithiocarbamate-stabilized air pollution control (APC) residues derived from municipal solid waste incineration. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118778. [PMID: 37591105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate (SDD) is widely used for stabilizing heavy metals to minimize pollution from air pollution control (APC) residues derived from municipal solid waste incineration. However, the effect of environmental conditions on heavy metal leaching from SDD-stabilized APC residues remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the durability of SDD-stabilized APC residues and determine the relationship between heavy metal leaching and environmental factors, including pH, temperature, and oxygen. The results revealed that accelerated SDD decomposition and the decline in durability of SDD-stabilized APC residues were caused by acidic and aerated conditions and temperatures above 40 °C. A decrease in pH from 12.25 to 4.69 increased the Cd and Pb concentrations in SDD-stabilized APC residue leachate from below detection (0.002 mg/L) to 1.32 mg/L and 0.04 mg/L to 3.79 mg/L, respectively. Heating at 100 °C for 2 d increased the Cd and Pb concentrations from below detection (0.002 mg/L and 0.01 mg/L) to 2.96 mg/L and 0.47 mg/L, respectively. Aeration for 5 d increased the Cd and Pb concentrations from below detection to 0.09 mg/L and 0.49 mg/L, respectively. The decline in durability was attributed to acid hydrolysis, thermal decomposition, and oxidative damage of SDD, resulting in breakage of the chelated sulfur-metal bond, which was confirmed by the decrease in the oxidizable fraction of heavy metals and the SDD content. This study improves the understanding of the factors contributing to the decline in durability of heavy metals in SDD-stabilized APC residues, which is important for ensuring the long-term stabilization and environmental safety of these residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Wang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jinwen Hu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Huabo Gong
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Cheng Qi
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Nanwen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Beikmohammadi M, Yaghmaeian K, Nabizadeh R, Mahvi AH. Analysis of heavy metal, rare, precious, and metallic element content in bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration in Tehran based on particle size. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16044. [PMID: 37749159 PMCID: PMC10520020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43139-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Waste incineration is increasingly used worldwide for better municipal solid waste management and energy recovery. However, residues resulting from waste incineration, such as Bottom Ash (BA) and Fly Ash (FA), can pose environmental and human health risks due to their physicochemical properties if not managed appropriately. On the other hand, with proper utilization, these residues can be turned into valuable Municipal metal mines. In this study, BA was granulated in various size ranges (< 0.075 mm, 0.075-0.125 mm, 0.125-0.5 mm, 0.5-1 mm, 1-2 mm, 2-4 mm, 4-16 mm, and > 16 mm). The physicochemical properties, heavy metal elements, environmental hazards, and other rare and precious metal elements in each Granulated Bottom Ash (GBA) group from Tehran's waste incineration were examined using ICP-MASS. Additionally, each GBA group's mineralogical properties and elemental composition were determined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the average concentration of heavy metals in GBA, including Zn (1974 mg/kg), Cu, and Ba (790 mg/kg), Pb (145 mg/kg), Cr (106 mg/kg), Ni (25 mg/kg), Sn (24 mg/kg), V (25 mg/kg), As (11 mg/kg), and Sb (29 mg/kg), was higher in particles smaller than 4 mm. Precious metals such as gold (average 0.3 mg/kg) and silver (average 11 mg/kg) were significantly higher in GBA particles smaller than 0.5 mm, making their extraction economically feasible. Moreover, rare metals such as Ce, Nd, La, and Y were detected in GBA, with average concentrations of 24, 8, 11, and 7 mg/kg, respectively. The results of this study indicated that BA contains environmentally concerning metals, as well as rare and precious metals, with high concentrations, especially in particles smaller than 4 mm. This highlights the need for proper pre-treatment before using these materials in civil and municipal applications or even landfilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Beikmohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Yaghmaeian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Nabizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahvi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Sun C, Ge W, Zhang Y, Wang L, Xia Y, Lin X, Huang Q, Lu S, Tsang DCW, Yan J. Designing low-carbon cement-free binders for stabilization/solidification of MSWI fly ash. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 339:117938. [PMID: 37080097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Low-carbon and high-efficiency binder is desirable for sustainable treatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA). In this study, CaO or MgO was used to activate ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) to form calcium silicate hydrate and magnesium silica hydrate gel for stabilization/solidification of hazardous MSWI FA. Experimental results showed that potential toxic elements (PTEs), such as Pb and Zn, significantly inhibited the formation of reaction products in CaO-GGBS system due to the complexation between Ca(OH)2 and PTEs, whereas PTEs only had insignificant inhibition on transformation from MgO to Mg(OH)2 in MgO-GGBS system, resulting in lower leachabilities of PTEs and higher mechanical strengths. Stabilization/solidification experiments demonstrated that MSWI FA (70 wt%) could be recycled by MgO-GGBS binder (30 wt%) into blocks with desirable 28-day compressive strengths (3.9 MPa) and PTEs immobilization efficiencies (99.8% for Zn and 99.7% for Pb). This work provides mechanistic insights on the immobilization mechanisms of PTEs in CaO/MgO-GGBS systems and suggests a promising MgO-GGBS binder for low-carbon treatment of MSWI FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Weizhe Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Yan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qunxing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shengyong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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10
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Qiu Z, Lin S, Chen Z, Chen A, Zhou Y, Cao X, Wang Y, Lin BL. A reusable, impurity-tolerant and noble metal-free catalyst for hydrocracking of waste polyolefins. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg5332. [PMID: 37343106 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg5332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
One-step conversion of low-purity polyolefins to value-added products without pretreatments represents a great opportunity for chemical recycling of waste plastics. However, additives, contaminants, and heteroatom-linking polymers tend to be incompatible with catalysts that break down polyolefins. Here, we disclose a reusable, noble metal-free and impurity-tolerant bifunctional catalyst, MoSx-Hbeta, for hydroconversion of polyolefins into branched liquid alkanes under mild conditions. The catalyst works for a wide scope of polyolefins, including different kinds of high-molecular weight polyolefins, polyolefins mixed with various heteroatom-linking polymers, contaminated polyolefins, and postconsumer polyolefins with/without cleaning under 250°C and 20 to 30 bar H2 in 6 to 12 hours. A 96% yield of small alkanes was successfully achieved even at a temperature as low as 180°C. These results demonstrate the great potentials of hydroconversion in practical use of waste plastics as a largely untapped carbon feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zetian Qiu
- School of Physical Science and Technology (SPST), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Lin
- School of Physical Science and Technology (SPST), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology (SPST), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Anqi Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology (SPST), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Yitian Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology (SPST), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Cao
- School of Physical Science and Technology (SPST), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Lin Lin
- School of Physical Science and Technology (SPST), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
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11
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He T, Li J, Ma X, Da Y, Yuan H. Low Temperature Thermal Treatment of Incineration Fly Ash under Different Atmospheres and Its Recovery as Cement Admixture. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16113923. [PMID: 37297057 DOI: 10.3390/ma16113923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash is classified as hazardous waste because it contains dioxins and a variety of heavy metals. It is not allowed to be directly landfilled without curing pretreatment, but the increasing production of fly ash and scarce land resources has triggered consideration of the rational disposal of fly ash. In this study, solidification treatment and resource utilization were combined, and the detoxified fly ash was used as cement admixture. The effects of thermal treatment in different atmospheres on the physical and chemical properties of fly ash and the effects of fly ash as admixture on cement properties were investigated. The results indicated that the mass of fly ash increased due to the capture of CO2 after thermal treatment in CO2 atmosphere. When the temperature was 500 °C, the weight gain reached the maximum. After thermal treatment (500 °C + 1 h) in air, CO2, and N2 atmospheres, the toxic equivalent quantities of dioxins in fly ash decreased to 17.12 ng TEQ/kg, 0.25 ng TEQ/kg, and 0.14 ng TEQ/kg, and the degradation rates were 69.95%, 99.56%, and 99.75%, respectively. The direct use of fly ash as admixture would increase the water consumption of standard consistency of cement and reduce the fluidity and 28 d strength of mortar. Thermal treatment in three atmospheres could inhibit the negative effect of fly ash, and the inhibition effect of thermal treatment in CO2 atmosphere was the best. The fly ash after thermal treatment in CO2 atmosphere had the possibility of being used as admixture for resource utilization. Because the dioxins in the fly ash were effectively degraded, the prepared cement did not have the risk of heavy metal leaching, and the performance of the cement also met the requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingshu He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jiangbo Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yongqi Da
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Hudie Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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12
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Xue Q, Ji Y, Ma Z, Zhang Z, Xu Z. Solidification Mechanism of Pb and Cd in S 2--Enriched Alkali-Activated Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16103728. [PMID: 37241355 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
S2--enriched alkali-activator (SEAA) was prepared by modifying the alkali activator through Na2S. The effects of S2--enriched alkali-activated slag (SEAAS) on the solidification performance of Pb and Cd in MSWI fly ash were investigated using SEAAS as the solidification material for MSWI fly ash. Combined with microscopic analysis through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), the effects of SEAAS on the micro-morphology and molecular composition of MSWI fly ash were studied. The solidification mechanism of Pb and Cd in S2--enriched alkali-activated MSWI fly ash was discussed in detail. The results showed that the solidification performance for Pb and Cd in MSWI fly ash induced by SEAAS was significantly enhanced first and then improved gradually with the increase in dosage of ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS). Under a low GGBS dosage of 25%, SEAAS could eliminate the problem of severely exceeding permitted Pb and Cd in MSWI fly ash, which compensated for the deficiency of alkali-activated slag (AAS) in terms of solidifying Cd in MSWI fly ash. The highly alkaline environment provided by SEAA promoted the massive dissolution of S2- in the solvent, which endowed the SEAAS with a stronger ability to capture Cd. Pb and Cd in MSWI fly ash were efficiently solidified by SEAAS under the synergistic effects of sulfide precipitation and chemical bonding of polymerization products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Building Energy Saving and Construct Technology, Jiangsu Vocational Institute of Architectural Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yongsheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory Environmental Impact and Structural Safety in Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Zhanguo Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory Environmental Impact and Structural Safety in Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Zhongzhe Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Building Energy Saving and Construct Technology, Jiangsu Vocational Institute of Architectural Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory Environmental Impact and Structural Safety in Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Zhishan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory Environmental Impact and Structural Safety in Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
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13
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Funari V, Toller S, Vitale L, Santos RM, Gomes HI. Urban mining of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) residues with emphasis on bioleaching technologies: a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:59128-59150. [PMID: 37041362 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26790-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Metals are essential in our daily lives and have a finite supply, being simultaneously contaminants of concern. The current carbon emissions and environmental impact of mining are untenable. We need to reclaim metals sustainably from secondary resources, like waste. Biotechnology can be applied in metal recovery from waste streams like fly ashes and bottom ashes of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI). They represent substantial substance flows, with roughly 46 million tons of MSWI ashes produced annually globally, equivalent in elemental richness to low-grade ores for metal recovery. Next-generation methods for resource recovery, as in particular bioleaching, give the opportunity to recover critical materials and metals, appropriately purified for noble applications, in waste treatment chains inspired by circular economy thinking. In this critical review, we can identify three main lines of discussion: (1) MSWI material characterization and related environmental issues; (2) currently available processes for recycling and metal recovery; and (3) microbially assisted processes for potential recycling and metal recovery. Research trends are chiefly oriented to the potential exploitation of bioprocesses in the industry. Biotechnology for resource recovery shows increasing effectiveness especially downstream the production chains, i.e., in the waste management sector. Therefore, this critical discussion will help assessing the industrial potential of biotechnology for urban mining of municipal, post-combustion waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Funari
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR-CNR), Department of Earth System Sciences and Environmental Technologies, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Bologna Research Area, 40129, Bologna, Italy.
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Via Ammiraglio F. Acton 55, 80133, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Simone Toller
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR-CNR), Department of Earth System Sciences and Environmental Technologies, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Bologna Research Area, 40129, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Life and Environmental Sustainability Sciences (SCVSA), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 17/A, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Vitale
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Via Ammiraglio F. Acton 55, 80133, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rafael M Santos
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Thornbrough Building, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Helena I Gomes
- Food, Water, Waste Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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14
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Bai M, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Sun S, Du S, Qiu P, Zhang W, Feng D. Numerical simulation on the deposition characteristics of MSWI fly ash particles in a cyclone furnace. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 161:203-212. [PMID: 36893714 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In melting municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash by cyclone furnace, the deposition characteristics of particles affect the slag flow and the secondary MSWI fly ash formation. In this study, the composition mechanism based on critical viscosity is selected as the particle deposition model to predict the deposition and rebound of particles on the furnace wall. The Riboud model with an accurate viscosity prediction performance is selected, then the particle deposition model is integrated into a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver through the user-defined function (UDF) to realize the coupling of particle motion and deposition process. The results show that under the same case, the deposition rate decreases obviously with the increase of MSWI fly ash particle size. And the escape rate reaches a maximum at particle size 120 μm. Controlling the particle size of fly ash particles within 60 μm can effectively reduce the generation of secondary MSWI fly ash. During the forward movement of the fly ash inlet position, the escape of MSWI fly ash particles with large particle sizes has been significantly weakened. This measure not only lowers the post-treatment cost but also dramatically reduces the pretreatment step of MSWI fly ash before the melting and solidification process. In addition, the deposition rate and quality will reach the maximum values, respectively, along with gradually increasing MSWI fly ash input flow. Overall, this study has the guiding significance for reducing the pretreatment steps and post-treatment costs of MSWI fly ash by melting in the cyclone furnace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglong Bai
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Linyao Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China.
| | - Yijun Zhao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Shaozeng Sun
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Shangbin Du
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Penghua Qiu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Wenda Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Dongdong Feng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
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15
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Nag M, Shimaoka T. A novel and sustainable technique to immobilize lead and zinc in MSW incineration fly ash by using pozzolanic bottom ash. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 329:117036. [PMID: 36535140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fly ash (FA) generated from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) incineration contains high leaching potential of toxic metals. Calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) is the main hydration product of cement and can immobilize the leaching of toxic metals, formed by the reaction of Ca with pozzolanic Si in a highly alkaline environment. Toxic metals can be immobilized by the addition of pozzolan to FA residues (in lieu of cement), which is a source of Ca and provides an alkaline condition. The current study proposed a new approach of reusing the fine-fraction of MSW incineration bottom ash (BA), which contains amorphous silica, known as pozzolan for immobilization of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in FA. The dissolved amorphous silica and alumina emerged from the BA, with available Ca ions and in an extremely alkaline condition owing by FA, stimulate the pozzolanic reaction, resulting the formation of cementitious compounds of C-S-H gel and calcium aluminate hydrates (C-A-H) that can immobilize the heavy metals leaching from FA. The existence of calcium hydroxide promotes the carbonation process, reducing pH, and consequently immobilizing heavy metals. The method involves the simple mixing of BA and FA with water. The mixture was settled for 1, 4, 16, and 30 days at room temperature and annealed (120 °C) conditions. The leaching concentrations of Pb and Zn significantly reduced in the stabilized FA samples followed by standard Japanese leaching test (JLT- 46). Pb stabilization efficiency was reached >99.9% after 16-days of settling periods with 10% dosage of BA at room temperature. The added BA to FA residues reacted with Ca(OH)2 and CaClOH produced the C-S-H gel. pH, XRD, and SEM-EDX analyses evaluated the carbonation and pozzolanic reactions that promoted the immobilization of Pb and Zn. Immobilization of heavy metals by using fine-fraction of BA seems to be very effective and technically feasible. The technology can save original material, produce inert material and avoids landfilling of incineration residues. More advanced and detailed experiments have been designed to promote the optimization of the proposed technology for application in industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Nag
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Shimaoka
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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16
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A review on CO2 capture and sequestration in the construction industry: Emerging approaches and commercialised technologies. J CO2 UTIL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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17
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Mostafa Hatami A, Sabour MR, Joshaghani A. Research trends on ash stabilization in the pavement during 2002-2021. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:1611-1621. [PMID: 35918584 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22250-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Incineration ash stabilization in the pavement is an effective approach to reduce environmental impact and proper disposal. This study aimed to achieve a bibliometric analysis of "ash stabilization in pavement" research during 2002-2021, considering language, chronological trends, source types, subject areas, document types, affiliations, journals, countries, and author keywords. Also, social network analysis (SNA) was used for trends mapping and global collaboration determination among countries. The results exposed that the number of publications has been significantly increased by more than 14-fold over the studied period. Engineering (42%), material science (17%), and environmental science (10%) were three major subject areas. The USA, by 383 publications, was the leading country, followed by India (370) and China (288). The most independent rate of the publications belonged to India (93%), while Australia ranked 1st in cooperator publications (63.4%). The "Construction and Building Materials" published the most related articles, followed by "Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering" and "Road Materials and Pavement Design." Among the top ten productive institutes and organizations, four affiliations were from China, and three institutes were from the USA. Edil, T.B. (34) from the USA, Arulrajah, A. (29) from Australia, and Horpibulsuk, S. (24) from Thailand were the most productive authors. "Fly ash," "compressive strength," "durability," "geopolymer," "strength," and "resilient modulus" had the most growth rate in recent years, based on the author keywords analysis. Besides, the increase of emerging keywords, "pervious concrete," "reclaimed asphalt pavement," and "lateritic soil" are noteworthy in the second half period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mostafa Hatami
- Department of Civil Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sabour
- Department of Civil Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Joshaghani
- Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA.
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18
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Hazardous Waste Advanced Management in a Selected Region of Poland. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10102032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This article presents a study on hazardous waste management in the Malopolskie region of Poland. The study was based on the information obtained during three years from 2016 to 2018, and following analysis, it was found that in 2016 there was the highest amount of 24,872.13 tons of hazardous waste produced, of which only a three-fold lower amount was disposed of. In this study, various types of hazardous waste were analyzed, including the waste from construction materials and asbestos. The predominant share of 50% of the mass of analyzed hazardous waste was felt on the generated one. Waste recovered in installations had a lower share of 43%, with a significant and favorable increase of over 5000.00 tons. In the context of the correctness of environmental aspects, it was considered an advisable solution that would optimize treatment conditions, and at the same time minimize the costs of hazardous waste management.
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19
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Yu X, Zhou K, Zhang T, Bian B, Chen S. Reduced Utilization Process Leaching Toxicity by Stabilizing Heavy Metals in Fly Ash from MSW Incineration Based on Hydrothermal Oxidation. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:542-547. [PMID: 35635562 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal oxidation is an effective approach to reduce leaching toxicity of fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration during utilization process. Herein, the effects of temperature, time, pH and Ce-Mn catalyst dosage on the stabilization of heavy metals in fly ash during hydrothermal oxidation were studied. The temperature of hydrothermal oxidation was positively correlated to the stabilization effect. However, the reaction time and pH emerged unstable effect. The amount of Ce-Mn catalyst had a slightly positive effect on the stabilizing at low doses, but it can be inhibited by excessive dose. The leaching concentrations of all heavy metals accorded with National Wastewater Discharge Standard of China (GB 8978-1996) under the optimal parameters, especially for Pb, Ni and Cu. The heavy metals were transformed from unstable fractions to residue fractions during hydrothermal process, among which the proportion of Cu and Zn residue fractions significantly increased and further reduced leaching toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueru Yu
- Nanjing Research Institute of Ecological and Environmental Protection, 175 Huju Road, Nanjing, 210013, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bo Bian
- Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Sen Chen
- Nanjing Research Institute of Ecological and Environmental Protection, 175 Huju Road, Nanjing, 210013, China.
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20
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Ma W, Liang Z, Liu M, Xu Z, Zhao Q. Synthesis of low‐costing 4A‐zeolite and stabilization of heavy metals from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and activated red mud. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Thermal Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Zhiyuan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Thermal Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Mengshun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Thermal Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Thermal Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Qinxin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Thermal Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
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21
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Yan M, Jiang J, Zheng R, Yu C, Zhou Z, Hantoko D. Experimental study on the washing characteristics of fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2022; 40:1212-1219. [PMID: 34967247 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x211068253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The disposal of fly ash with high salt content has become an important bottleneck for the further application of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI). In this study, the soluble salt content and composition of fly ash from different MSWI were analysed. The composition of fly ash was affected by incinerator type and flue gas cleaning system, especially the type of deacidification solvent. The soluble salt content in fly ash from MSW grate incinerator can be over 35.16%. Most of the soluble salt was calcium salt and chloride salt. The effect of washing parameters including liquid/solid (L/S) ratio and washing time on salt removal from fly ash were studied. Raw fly ash contained high chlorine (Cl) with the maximum of 19.83% and it can be significantly reduced by washing. Double-washing and secondary-washing had better performance than single-washing on salt removal. The secondary-washing did not only save water, but also reduced the energy cost during evaporation for crystallising soluble salt. Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA), L/S ratio was the most principal factor for salt and Cl removal of fly ash by washing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Yan
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Jiang
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rendong Zheng
- Hangzhou Linjiang Environmental Energy Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Caimeng Yu
- Zhejiang Zheneng Xingyuan Energy Saving Technology Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Zhou
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dwi Hantoko
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
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22
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Pancholi KC, Singh PJ, Bhattacharyya K, Tiwari M, Sahu SK, Vincent T, Udupa DV, Kaushik CP. Elemental analysis of residual ash generated during plasma incineration of cellulosic, rubber and plastic waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2022; 40:665-675. [PMID: 34541977 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x211038201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Management of plastic, rubber and cellulosic waste from various industries is a challenging task. An engineering scale plasma pyrolysis based incinerator has been commissioned for incineration of combustible waste, including plastic, rubber and cellulose. Operational trials of wastes with simulated composition show a weight reduction factor of more than 18 and volume reduction factor of more than 30. The volume reduction factor is tenfold higher than the compaction process currently practised for rubber and plastic wastes. Representative residual ash samples derived from these runs are subjected to their elemental analysis using EDXRF technique and results are comparable with the published literature. Relative variation of individual elements is attributed to the type of waste and feed composition. Analysis is aided with the calculation of index of geoaccumulation, enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF) and pollution load index (PLI). From this study, it is evident that S, Cr, Zn, As, Se, Hg and Pb are of concern for environment in residual ash from plasma incineration of combustible waste. The efficacy of the incineration process is evaluated; C, H and O reduction achieved is more than 98% and overall enrichment ratio (ER) for the inorganic elements is more than 4.5. This study highlights the importance of elemental composition for the performance analysis of the plasma based incineration as well as hazards evaluation of constituents in residual ash for its further management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyur C Pancholi
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Waste Management Division, BARC, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Param Jeet Singh
- Atomic & Molecule Physics Division, BARC, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kaustava Bhattacharyya
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Chemistry Division, BARC, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahesh Tiwari
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, BARC, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Sahu
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, BARC, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tessy Vincent
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Process Development Division, BARC, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dinesh Venkatesh Udupa
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Atomic & Molecule Physics Division, BARC, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chetan Prakash Kaushik
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Waste Management Division, BARC, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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23
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Zhao XY, Yang JY, Ning N, Yang ZS. Chemical stabilization of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:40384-40402. [PMID: 35338465 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient attention should be attached to the large amount of fly ash containing high levels of toxic heavy metals generated after municipal solid waste incineration. Because heavy metals could be leached out of the fly ash under specific conditions, it is necessary to stabilize the heavy metals in fly ash before landfill disposal. Processing technologies of incineration fly ash include solidification/stabilization technology, thermal treatments, and separation processes. This study reviewed the current treatment technologies of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash, with the main focus on the treatment of heavy metals in fly ash with chemical stabilization. Chemical stabilization processes involve chemical precipitation of heavy metal and chelation of heavy metals. In multiple studies, chemical stabilization technology has shown practical feasibility in terms of technology, economy, and effect. In addition, the combination of two or more stabilization agents broadens the general applicability of the agents to heavy metals and reduces the cost. The application of joint processing technology realizes the remove of soluble salt from fly ash. To minimize pollutants while increase their usable value, effective use of waste and co-disposal of several kinds of wastes have gradually become the research hotspots. New developments in chemical stabilization are progressively moving towards the sustainable direction of harmlessness and resource utilization of MSWI fly ash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Zhao
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Yan Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ning Ning
- Chengdu Winna Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Shan Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
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Effect of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Geopolymer Concrete. Gels 2022; 8:gels8060341. [PMID: 35735685 PMCID: PMC9222754 DOI: 10.3390/gels8060341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Geopolymers are environmentally friendly materials made from industrial solid waste with high silicon and aluminum contents, and municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MFA) contains active ingredients such as Si, Al and Ca. According to this fact, a green and low-carbon geopolymer concrete was prepared using MFA as a partial replacement for metakaolin in this study. The mechanical properties of the MFA geopolymer concrete (MFA-GPC) were investigated through a series of experiments, including a compressive strength test, splitting tensile strength test, elastic modulus test and three-point bending fracture test. The effect of the MFA replacement ratio on the microstructure of MFA-GPC was investigated by SEM test, XRD analysis and FTIR analysis. MFA replacement ratios incorporated in GPC were 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and 40% by replacing metakaolin with equal quality in this study. In addition, toxic leaching tests of MFA and MFA-GPC were performed by ICP-AES to evaluate the safety of MFA-GPC. The results indicated that the mechanical properties of MFA-GPC decreased with the increase of the MFA replacement ratio. Compared with the reference group of GPC without MFA, the maximum reduction rates of the cubic compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, axial compressive strength, elastic modulus, initiation fracture toughness, unstable fracture toughness and fracture energy of MFA-GPC were 83%, 81%, 78%, 93%, 77%, 73% and 61%, respectively. The microstructure of MFA-GPC was porous and carbonized; however, the type of hydrated gel products was still a calcium silicoaluminate-based silicoaluminate gel. Moreover, the leaching content of heavy metals from MFA-GPC was lower than that of the standard limit. In general, the appropriate amount of MFA can be used to prepare GPC, and its mechanical properties can meet the engineering requirements, but the amount of MFA should not be too high.
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25
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Experimental Investigation of Vitrification Process for the Disposal of Hazardous Solid Waste Containing Chlorides. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitrification has attracted much attention as an efficient method for solidifying heavy metals in hazardous solid wastes, but its effect is limited when hazardous solid wastes contain chlorides. Aiming at fly ash, a normal chlorine-containing solid waste, a novel process of chlorination melting and glass curing was developed to completely realize the harmlessness of heavy metals. Melting temperature, time, and auxiliary agent were adequate to realize the harmlessness, and their influence on the migration and transformation of Cl, Na, Pb, and Zn and the leaching of slag were studied. The results showed that the majority of Cl, Na, Pb, and Zn in the fly ash had been transferred to the soot, and the residual part in the slag had been solidified in glass by controlling the process conditions. Under the optimized conditions (12 wt.% CaO and 5 wt.% SiO2 was added, the N2 flow ratio was at 1 L/min, and the melting temperature was 1300 °C for 2 h), the leaching index was determined, including the acid dissolution ratio, the Pb and Zn content of the water leaching solution, and the acid leaching solution, which all met the requirements of the relevant standards. Furthermore, the novel process provided a simple and efficient approach for the disposal of other similar solid wastes containing chlorides and heavy metals.
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Kitamura H, Ueshima M, Back S, Sutthasil N, Sakanakura H, Ishigaki T, Yamada M. Impact of diatomite addition on lead immobilization in air pollution control residues from a municipal solid waste incinerator. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:21232-21243. [PMID: 34751883 PMCID: PMC8930887 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution control (APC) residues, which are known to be the byproducts of incineration treatment, exhibit a high leaching potential of toxic metals. Calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), which is a major hydration product of hardened cement and immobilizes toxic metal, can be formed by the reaction of Ca with pozzolanic Si in a highly alkaline environment. Toxic metals might be immobilized by the addition of pozzolanic material to APC residues (instead of using cement), which is a Ca source and provides an alkaline condition. In this study, diatomite, which mainly comprises amorphous silica (SiO2·nH2O), was investigated as a pozzolanic material for Pb immobilization in APC residues obtained from a municipal solid waste incinerator. APC residues were cured with and without the addition of diatomite at different temperatures. When diatomite was added to APC residues, pozzolanic phases such as C-S-H gel were formed via the consumption of Ca(OH)2 and CaClOH. Compared to APC residues cured without diatomite, the leaching of Pb decreased by 99% for APC residues cured for 14 days with 10% diatomite at 70 °C. The results of sequential chemical extraction showed that water-soluble Pb in APC residues was reduced from 10.3% to nearly zero by the pozzolanic reaction. Consequently, the leaching amount of Pb dropped below 0.3 mg/L (Japanese criteria for landfill disposal). Overall, these experiments provide promising results regarding the possibility of using diatomite for pretreating APC residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kitamura
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Masato Ueshima
- R&D Center, Yoshino Gypsum Co., LTD, 2-1-1 Kohoku, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, 123-0872, Japan
| | - Seungki Back
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Noppharit Sutthasil
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sakanakura
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Tomonori Ishigaki
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Masato Yamada
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
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Fan C, Wang B, Ai H, Liu Z. A comparative study on characteristics and leaching toxicity of fluidized bed and grate furnace MSWI fly ash. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 305:114345. [PMID: 34952395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Grate furnace and fluidized bed are the most widely used technologies for municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), which play significant roles in characteristics of MSWI fly ash. A comparative study of the physicochemical characteristics, microstructure morphology and leaching toxicity of fluidized bed and grate furnace MSWI fly ash was conducted in this work, and some resource utilization and disposal treatments were proposed. Results showed that calcium salt and chlorine salt formed the dominant components of MSWI fly ash. CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 ternary system indicated that MSWI fly ash had potential pozzolanic activity, similar to coal fly ash and blast furnace slag. The total Pb, Cd and Zn contents in fluidized bed MSWI fly ash was only 1/2, 1/3 and 2/3 of grate furnace MSWI fly ash, respectively. Leachability of Pb in MSWI fly ash collected from Dalian, Shanghai, Zhuji and Hangzhou was 4.25 mg/L, 3.83 mg/L, 3.84 mg/L and 3.68 mg/L, 28.3, 25.5, 25.6 and 24.5 times as much as the national standard limitation (GB16889-2008), respectively. However, grate furnace MSWI fly ash with high chloride and unstable chemical speciation distribution of heavy metals would pose more environmental risk toits immobilization and disposal. Fluidized bed fly ash is a promising candidate for preparing the Portland cement clinker, microcrystalline glass and ceramics due to its high Si and Al content. Grate furnace MSWI fly ash is more appropriate for Alinite cement preparation because of high chloride content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Fan
- Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Baomin Wang
- Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Hongmei Ai
- Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Ze Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
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28
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Chen D, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Nie Q, Yang Z, Sheng W, Qian G. Municipal solid waste incineration residues recycled for typical construction materials-a review. RSC Adv 2022; 12:6279-6291. [PMID: 35424531 PMCID: PMC8981596 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08050d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Focusing on the great potential of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) residues in the construction sector, the applications of recycling MSWI residues in construction materials are discussed in this review. Incineration is a promising method for managing the great quantity of municipal solid waste (MSW). Careful handling of incineration residues including fly ash, air pollution control (APC) residues, and bottom ash is required for this approach. The yield of these residues is large, and they contain many toxic and harmful substances. On the other hand, these residues contain valuable components such as SiO2, CaO, Al2O3, MgO, which are important components of building materials. Therefore, MSWI residues present huge opportunities for potential recycling and reuse in the construction and building industry. This paper summarized and discussed the application of MSWI residues in four typical building materials including cast stone, glass-ceramic, cement, and concrete. Before utilization, three types of pretreatment methods can be used to reduce the toxicity of the residues and improve the performance of the products. In addition, the current issues and the prospects of this field, and the environmental impacts of this application were discussed. It was concluded that MSWI residues can be used to prepare building materials after proper treatment which can improve the mechanical and chemical properties of the residues. The recycling can gain significant economic and environmental benefits at the same time. However, further researches on treatment methods for fine particles are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University No. 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University No. 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Yao Xu
- Huahui Engineering Design Group Co., Ltd No. 177 Jiefang Avenue Shaoxing Zhejiang Province 312000 China
| | - Qing Nie
- China Building Materials Academy Co., Ltd No. 1 Guanzhuang Dongli Beijing 100024 China
| | - Zhanbin Yang
- China Building Materials Academy Co., Ltd No. 1 Guanzhuang Dongli Beijing 100024 China
| | - Wenyu Sheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University No. 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Guangren Qian
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University No. 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
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29
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Lan DY, Zhang H, Wu TW, Lü F, Shao LM, He PJ. Repercussions of clinical waste co-incineration in municipal solid waste incinerator during COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127144. [PMID: 34555763 PMCID: PMC8440058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
During coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the exponential increase in clinical waste (CW) generation has caused immense burden to CW treatment facilities. Co-incineration of CW in municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) is an emergency treatment method. A material flow model was developed to estimate the change in feedstock characteristics and resulting acid gas emission under different CW co-incineration ratios. The ash contents and lower heating values of the feedstocks, as well as HCl concentrations in flue gas showed an upward trend. Subsequently, 72 incineration residue samples were collected from a MSWI performing co-incineration (CW ratio <10 wt%) in Wuhan city, China, followed by 20 incineration residues samples from waste that were not co-incineration. The results showed that the contents of major elements and non-volatile heavy metals in the air pollution control residues increased during co-incineration but were within the reported ranges, whereas those in the bottom ashes revealed no significant changes. The impact of CW co-incineration at a ratio <10 wt% on the distribution of elements in the incineration residues was not significant. However, increase in alkali metals and HCl in flue gas may cause potential boiler corrosion. These results provide valuable insights into pollution control in MSWI during pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ying Lan
- Institute of Waste Treatment & Reclamation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Waste Treatment & Reclamation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Ting-Wei Wu
- Institute of Waste Treatment & Reclamation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fan Lü
- Institute of Waste Treatment & Reclamation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Li-Ming Shao
- Institute of Waste Treatment & Reclamation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Pin-Jing He
- Institute of Waste Treatment & Reclamation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai 200092, China
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30
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Pannerselvam A, Kuppusamy MS, Shanmugapriyan J, Kaliappan VK, Sathyamurthy R. Experimental investigation of removal of flue gas emissions exhaust from municipal solid waste incinerator using photovoltaic-based electrostatic precipitator. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11209-11218. [PMID: 34532790 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16378-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For the past decades, the flue gas emitted from municipal solid waste incinerator, power plant, and various industries is a permanent problem for the environment and has been affecting human life. Many flue gas filtration devices have been emerging out over the years. Although the electrostatic precipitator was an appropriate device due to high filtration efficiency and little pressure drop and energy efficiency, the cost and design of the electrostatic precipitator is a major restriction for manufacturers and end-users. With recent advances in technology, designing a cost-effective and less complex electrostatic precipitator has become mandatory. This article aims to design and develop a solar-powered cost-effective needle-plate type electrostatic precipitator which includes a static power converters and high-voltage transformer-rectifier (T-R) set with an input voltage as 230V AC, output voltage as 80-kV direct current (DC), and output current of 40mA for mitigation of flue gas emissions exhaust from municipal solid waste incinerator. The analysis of flue gas at ESP inlet and outlet has been performed using Ecotech stack sampler and flue gas analyzer. The obtained experimental results are validated with emission standards provided in the Solid Waste Management rules book, India, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandhraj Pannerselvam
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Vel Tech Multitech Dr.Rangarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai, 600 062, India
| | - Mohana Sundaram Kuppusamy
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Arasur, Coimabtore, Tamil Nadu, 641407, India.
| | - Jayaraman Shanmugapriyan
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Vel Tech Multitech Dr.Rangarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai, 600 062, India
| | - Vishnu Kumar Kaliappan
- Department of Computer Science Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Arasur, Coimabtore, Tamil Nadu, 641407, India
| | - Ravishankar Sathyamurthy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Arasur, Coimabtore, Tamil Nadu, 641407, India
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31
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Adnan A, Mahmud S, Uddin MR, Modi A, Ehsan MM, Salehin S. Energy, Exergy, Exergoeconomic, and environmental (4E) analyses of thermal power plants for municipal solid waste to energy application in Bangladesh. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 134:136-148. [PMID: 34419701 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With a population of 165 million, Bangladesh is undergoing rapid industrialization and urban development, and is well on track to move out from the group of least developed countries by 2024. This results in a significant increase in the urban energy needs and the amount of generated waste. Most of the municipal solid waste in Bangladesh is currently deposited in landfills, thereby contaminating nearby cultivable soils. It is desirable to have a system that recovers energy from the municipal solid waste in order to satisfy the increasing energy needs, while simultaneously addressing the land scarcity and pollution issues. This paper proposes using incineration to recover energy from municipal solid waste to produce electricity in the urban areas of Dhaka and Chattogram. A detailed technical analysis involving energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, and emission is presented. The power plants in these two cities show potential capacities of 169 MW and 83 MW respectively, with exergoeconomic factors of 61 %. The results indicate energy and exergy efficiencies of 32 % and 27 %, respectively, and a production cost in the range of 53.9-56.7 USD/MWh which is comparable to the production cost from the current power plants in Bangladesh. The proposed plants also result in a reduction in the greenhouse emissions and exhibit ecological efficiencies of over 87 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adib Adnan
- Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Board Bazar, Gazipur 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Shadman Mahmud
- Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Board Bazar, Gazipur 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Raihan Uddin
- Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Board Bazar, Gazipur 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Anish Modi
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - M Monjurul Ehsan
- Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Board Bazar, Gazipur 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Sayedus Salehin
- Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Board Bazar, Gazipur 1704, Bangladesh.
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32
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Wang H, Zhu F, Liu X, Han M, Zhang R. A mini-review of heavy metal recycling technologies for municipal solid waste incineration fly ash. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2021; 39:1135-1148. [PMID: 33818201 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x211003968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This mini-review article summarizes the available technologies for the recycling of heavy metals (HMs) in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash (FA). Recovery technologies included thermal separation (TS), chemical extraction (CE), bioleaching, and electrochemical processes. The reaction conditions of various methods, the efficiency of recovering HMs from MSWI FA and the difficulties and solutions in the process of technical development were studied. Evaluation of each process has also been done to determine the best HM recycling method and future challenges. Results showed that while bioleaching had minimal environmental impact, the process was time-consuming. TS and CE were the most mature technologies, but the former process was not cost-effective. Overall, it has the greatest economic potential to recover metals by CE with scrubber liquid produced by a wet air pollution control system. An electrochemical process or solvent extraction could then be applied to recover HMs from the enriched leachate. Ongoing development of TS and bioleaching technologies could reduce the treatment cost or time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenfen Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Han
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongyan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Chen Z, Lin X, Zhang S, Xiangbo Z, Li X, Lu S, Yan J. Thermal cotreatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash with sewage sludge for PCDD/Fs decomposition and reformation suppression. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126216. [PMID: 34492973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermal treatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (FA) is an effective method to detoxicate FA and produce secondary material with good utilization properties, but the high temperature induced migration of carbon, chlorine, and catalytic metals from FA to flue gases can result in a considerable reformation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). Herein, two typical fly ashes were thermally cotreated with sewage sludge (SS), respectively, and the decomposition and reformation of PCDD/Fs were systematically investigated. Thermal treatment effectively decomposed PCDD/Fs in all samples to a low level well meeting the reutilization criterion of 50 ng WHO-TEQ g-1. Cleavage of the oxygen bridge was identified as the primary decomposition pathway. Compared to mono-treating FA, cotreating FA with SS resulted in a better CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 ternary system for vitrification and effectively suppressed the reformation of PCDD/Fs in off-gases with inhibition efficiencies up to 96%. Based on the variation of chemical speciation of N, P, and S in SS after thermal treatment, SS appeared to be a S-N-containing inhibitor which passivated catalytic metals to suppress PCDD/Fs synthesis. The better suppression on de novo pathway than on chlorophenol-route identified by monitoring PCDD/F-fingerprints evolution further verified the suppression mechanism of passivating catalytic metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37215, United States
| | - Xiaoqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zou Xiangbo
- Guangdong Energy Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shengyong Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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34
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Zhan X, Kirkelund GM. Electrodialytic remediation of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash as pre-treatment before geopolymerisation with coal fly ash. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125220. [PMID: 33951862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash is classified as hazardous waste and needs to be disposed of according to strict regulations. By disposal, valuable resources in the MSWI fly ash is lost, and other solutions are sought for. The effect of electrodialytic remediation (ED) as a pre-treatment for removing heavy metals from MSWI fly ash before using the treated ash in geopolymerization with coal fly ash was explored. ED pre-treatment for MSWI fly ash increased the Si reactivity and the Si/Al ratio. The mixture of 80% coal fly ash and 20% ED treated fly ash with 8 M NaOH (L/S 0.37 mL/g) was found optimal, with a resulting compressive strength of 15.3 MPa, which was higher than the reference coal fly ash geopolymer. The leaching concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu and Ni were below 0.02 mg/L with Mn and Cd at 0.023 and 0.027 mg/L, respectively. The enhanced mechanism for ED treated MSWI fly ash in geopolymer was confirmed by FTIR analysis and SEM images. The resistance against extreme leaching environments for treated fly ash geopolymer was stronger than raw fly ash geopolymer, and physical encapsulation of geopolymeric gels contributed to the heavy metal immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
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35
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Chen L, Ma B, Zhang Y, Ni W, Tsang DCW. Treatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash: State-of-the-art technologies and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 411:125132. [PMID: 33858099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash is considered as a hazardous waste that requires specific treatment before disposal. The principal treatments encompass thermal treatment, stabilization/solidification, and resource recovery. To maximize environmental, social, and economic benefits, the development of low-carbon and sustainable treatment technologies for MSWI fly ash has attracted extensive interests in recent years. This paper critically reviewed the state-of-the-art treatment technologies and novel resource utilization approaches for the MSWI fly ash. Innovative technologies and future perspectives of MSWI fly ash management were highlighted. Moreover, the latest understanding of immobilization mechanisms and the use of advanced characterization technologies were elaborated to foster future design of treatment technologies and the actualization of sustainable management for MSWI fly ash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Construction Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Laboratory for Concrete & Construction Chemistry, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Yike Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Energy Clean Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wen Ni
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Mukherjee S, Boral S, Siddiqi H, Mishra A, Meikap BC. Present cum future of SARS-CoV-2 virus and its associated control of virus-laden air pollutants leading to potential environmental threat - A global review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 9:104973. [PMID: 33462561 PMCID: PMC7805399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2020.104973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The world is presently infected by the biological fever of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. The present study is mainly related to the airborne transmission of novel coronavirus through airway. Similarly, our mother planet is suffering from drastic effects of air pollution. There are sufficient probabilities or evidences proven for contagious virus transmission through polluted airborne-pathway in formed aerosol molecules. The pathways and sources of spread are detailed along with the best possible green control technologies or ideas to hinder further transmission. The combined effects of such root causes and unwanted outcomes are similar in nature leading to acute cardiac arrest of our planet. To maintain environmental sustainability, the prior future of such emerging unknown biological hazardous air emissions is to be thoroughly researched. So it is high time to deal with the future of hazardous air pollution and work on its preventive measures. The lifetime of such an airborne virus continues for several hours, thus imposing severe threat even during post-lockdown phase. The world waits eagerly for the development of successful vaccination or medication but the possible outcome is quite uncertain in terms of equivalent economy distribution and biomedical availability. Thus, risk assessments are to be carried out even during the post-vaccination period with proper environmental surveillance and monitoring. The skilled techniques of disinfection, sanitization, and other viable wayouts are to be modified with time, place, and prevailing climatic conditions, handling the pandemic efficiently. A healthy atmosphere makes the earth a better place to dwell, ensuring its future lifecycle.
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Key Words
- 2019-nCoV, 2019 novel coronavirus
- ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- ALRI, Acute Lower Respiratory Infections
- ANN, artificial neural network
- API, air pollution index
- ASTM, American Society for Testing and Materials
- Aerosol or particulate matter
- Airborne virus
- BCG, Bacillus Calmette Guérin
- COCOREC, Collaborative Study COVID Recurrence
- COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease, 2019
- CSG, Coronavirus Study Group
- CoV, Coronavirus
- Dispersion
- EPA, Environmental Protection Agency
- FCVS, filtered containment venting systems
- HEME, High-Efficiency Mist Eliminator
- ICTV, International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
- IHD, Ischemic Heart Disease
- ISO, International organization of Standardization
- IoT, Internet of Things
- MERS-CoV, Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus
- NAAQS, National Ambient Air Quality Standard
- NFKB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- Novel coronavirus
- PM, particulate matter
- Pathways of transmission
- Prevention and control measures
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SARS-CoV-2
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- USEPA, United States Environmental Protection Agency
- UVGI, Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation
- VOC, volatile organic compound
- WHO, World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrajit Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumendu Boral
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Hammad Siddiqi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Asmita Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Bhim Charan Meikap
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Howard College Campus, University of Kwazulu-Natal (UKZN), King George V Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa
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Duong HM, Ling NRB, Thai QB, Le DK, Nguyen PTT, Goh XY, Phan-Thien N. A novel aerogel from thermal power plant waste for thermal and acoustic insulation applications. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 124:1-7. [PMID: 33592320 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Massive quantities of fly ash are produced worldwide from thermal power plants, posing a serious environmental threat due to their storage and disposal problems. In this study, for the first time, fly ash is converted into an advanced and novel aerogel through a green and eco-friendly process. The developed aerogel has a low density of 0.10-0.19 g cm-3, a high porosity of up to 90%, a low thermal conductivity of 0.042-0.050 W/mK, and a good sound absorption coefficient (noise reduction coefficient [NRC] value of 0.20-0.30). It also shows a high compressive Young's modulus of up to 150 kPa. Therefore, the newly developed fly ash aerogel is a potential material for thermal and acoustic insulation applications, along with lightweight composites in automotive and aerospace applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai M Duong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cuu Long University, Vinh Long, Viet Nam.
| | - Nathaniel R B Ling
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Quoc B Thai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Duyen K Le
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Phuc T T Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xue Yang Goh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nhan Phan-Thien
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Yadav S, Mehra A. A review on ex situ mineral carbonation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:12202-12231. [PMID: 33405167 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The increased CO2 quantities in the environment have led to many harmful effects. Therefore, it is very important to decrease the CO2 levels in the environment. CO2 capture along with safe and permanent storage using mineral CO2 sequestration method can play an important role to reduce carbon emissions into the environment. Mineral sequestration is a stable storage method that provides long-term storage and an appropriate substitute for the more popular geological storage method. The process is most suited for places where there is a lack of underground cavities for underground geological storage. Minerals rich in Ca and Mg are used predominantly in carbonation reactions. In addition, those alkaline wastes that are rich in Mg and Ca such as cement waste, steel slag and many process ashes can also be employed in CO2 sequestration. Mineral carbonation could be used for the sequestration of billions of tonnes of CO2 every year. However, various drawbacks related to mineral carbonation still need to be addressed, such as resolving the slow rate of reactions, necessity of large amounts of feedstock, decreasing the high overall cost of CO2 sequestration and reducing the huge energy requirements to accelerate the carbonation reaction. This study explores a number of carbonation methods, parameters that control the process and future potential applications of carbonated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashikant Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar (Punjab) India, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India
| | - Anurag Mehra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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Abstract
Incineration has gained popularity over landfill as a key solution for the reduction of massively increasing volumes of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation worldwide and in particular China. However, it is not the end solution. The disposal of the incineration residues, which are enriched with a wide range of heavy metals and soluble salts, has become a challenge for the environmental managers. The aim of this study was to review the increasing urbanization and its repercussion on waste generation in China; waste management options were compared for possible environmentally friendly considerations. Treatment techniques of incineration fly ash were discussed to determine the effectiveness of obtaining environmentally stable material, and, finally, possible applications of incineration fly ash for utilization were discussed based on identifying the processing suitability, performance and environmental impact of incineration fly ash for its applications.
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40
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Lane DJ, Sippula O, Peräniemi S, Jokiniemi J. Detoxification of wood-combustion ashes containing Cr and Cd by thermal treatment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 400:123315. [PMID: 32947715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses the potential of thermal processing for detoxification of wood-combustion ashes that contain high levels of Cr and Cd. Thermal treatment (1000 °C) of bottom ash and fly ash in an oxidising gas (air) atmosphere resulted in: low volatilisation of Cd and most other heavy metals, oxidation of Cr in the ashes to Cr (VI), and, in the case of the fly ash, significantly increased leaching of Cr and Mo. Thermal treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere resulted in local reducing conditions due to oxidation of ash-derived carbon to CO (g). Thermal treatments in this atmosphere and in a reducing atmosphere consisting of 10 % H2 and the balance N2 detoxified the ashes in at least two ways: (i) by substantially removing Cd, Pb, Bi, Tl, and, in the case of the fly ash, Zn from the ashes by volatilisation; and (ii) by thermal reduction of Cr (VI) in the ashes. There was at least a 100-fold reduction in the leaching of total Cr from both the bottom ash and the fly ash following the thermal treatments in reducing conditions. Chromium only leached from the detoxified bottom ash to a significant extent in acidic conditions (pH < 4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Lane
- Fine Particle and Aerosol Technology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Olli Sippula
- Fine Particle and Aerosol Technology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Sirpa Peräniemi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jorma Jokiniemi
- Fine Particle and Aerosol Technology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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41
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Optimal Mixture Designs for Heavy Metal Encapsulation in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10196948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mixing municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) with industrial by-products such as ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and ladle furnace slag (LFS) can lead to a hardened system which can encapsulate the heavy metals present in the MSWIFA. The objective of this study is to find optimal mixture designs to effectively encapsulate these heavy metals. The nature of the hydrates and the strength of the mixtures are studied to develop a sustainable and practical construction material incorporating MSWIFA. Heavy metals including Cr, Cu, Zn and Cd are safely encapsulated in several developed mixtures with leachate concentration below EPA drinking water limit. The encapsulation behavior is complex and depends on metal type, age of testing, and hydration products. In general, mixtures containing LFS have more aluminate hydrates, and show greater encapsulation capacity for most heavy metals. However, they also generally show significant Sb leaching. Mixtures which show satisfactory encapsulation for all ions and adequate strength development are identified. Three ideal mixtures, including one containing zero cement, are identified which satisfy both leaching and strength requirements.
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42
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A Critical Review of SCWG in the Context of Available Gasification Technologies for Plastic Waste. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10186307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
End of life packaging is nowadays one of the major environmental problems due to its short usage time, the low biodegradability, and the big volume occupied. In this context, gasification is one of the most promising chemical recycling techniques. Some non-recyclable or non-compostable waste gasification plants are already operating such as Enerkem Alberta Biofuels in Canada or the Sierra’s FastOx Pathfinder in California. In this review, we have examined works about plastic gasification from the last fifteen years with a specific focus on polyolefin (PP, PE), plastics mix, and co-gasification of plastic with biomass. For each of these, the best operating conditions were investigated. A very in-depth section was dedicated to supercritical water gasification (SCWG). The most used reactors in gasification processes are fluidized bed reactors together with air or steam as gasifying agents. Tar removal is commonly performed using olivine, dolomite, or nickel based catalysts. SCWG has numerous advantages including the inhibition of tar and coke formation and can be used to remove microplastics from the marine environment. In co-gasification of plastic material with coal or biomass, synergistic effects are observed between the raw materials, which improve the performance of the process, allowing to obtain higher gas yields and a syngas with a high energy content.
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43
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Wen M, Wu Q, Li G, Wang S, Li Z, Tang Y, Xu L, Liu T. Impact of ultra-low emission technology retrofit on the mercury emissions and cross-media transfer in coal-fired power plants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 396:122729. [PMID: 32353728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
China has applied the ultra-low emission technology in coal-fired power plants to control traditional air pollutants and to reduce Hg emissions synergically. In this study, we applied field experiment, model calculation, and literature review to evaluate the Hg control effect of ultra-low emission technology and the potential cross-media effect comprehensively. The dominant ultra-low emission technology significantly improves the atmospheric Hg removal efficiency from 75% to 87%. Such improvement mainly comes from the effect of dust removal devices. Based on the calculated distribution characteristic of Hg content of wastes, we find out that the improvement of Hg control effect of air pollution control devices significantly increase the Hg content of fly ash, which rises from 0.16 mg/kg to 0.33 mg/kg. However, the Hg content of gypsum decreases from 0.75 mg/kg to 0.51 mg/kg. Whether or not to carry out ultra-low emission retrofits, Hg contents of wastes from coal-fired power plants are overall lower than the limit of 25 mg/kg which is intended to be set as the limit for Hg-containing wastes. However, the embodied more than two hundreds of tons Hg in these wastes still require policies to guide the disposal of these wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minneng Wen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qingru Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Guoliang Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhijian Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yi Tang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Liwen Xu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tonghao Liu
- China National Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 8B Anwai Dayangfang, Beijing, 100012, China
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Lane DJ, Jokiniemi J, Heimonen M, Peräniemi S, Kinnunen NM, Koponen H, Lähde A, Karhunen T, Nivajärvi T, Shurpali N, Sippula O. Thermal treatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash: Impact of gas atmosphere on the volatility of major, minor, and trace elements. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 114:1-16. [PMID: 32622291 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Development of thermal processes for selective recovery of Zn and other valuable elements from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash requires comprehensive knowledge of the impact of gas atmosphere on the volatile behaviour of the element constituents of the ash at different reaction temperatures. This study assesses the partitioning of 18 elements (Al, As, Bi, C, Ca, Cd, Cl, Cu, K, Mg, Na, P, Pb, S, Sb, Sn, Ti, and Zn) between condensed and gaseous phases during thermal treatment of MSWI fly ash in both oxidising gas and reducing gas atmospheres, at different temperatures spanning the range 200-1050 °C. The operating atmosphere had major impacts on the partitioning of the following elements: As, Bi, C, Cd, Cu, Na, Pb, S, Sb, Sn, and Zn. The partitioning of these elements cannot be accurately predicted over the full range of investigated operating conditions with global thermodynamic equilibrium calculations alone, i.e. without also considering chemical kinetics and mass transfer. In oxidising conditions, the following elements were predominately retained in condensed phases, even at high temperatures: As, Bi, Sb, Sn, and Zn. All these elements, except As, were largely released to the gas phase (>70%) at high temperatures in reducing conditions. The impact of gas atmosphere on the volatility of Cd and Pb was greatest at low reaction temperatures (below ~750 °C). Results for volatile matrix elements, specifically C, Cl, K, Na, and S, are interpreted in terms of the mechanisms governing the release of these elements to the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Lane
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Jorma Jokiniemi
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Heimonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sirpa Peräniemi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Niko M Kinnunen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, FI-80130 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Hanna Koponen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Lähde
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tommi Karhunen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Taina Nivajärvi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, FI-80130 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Narasinha Shurpali
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Sippula
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, FI-80130 Joensuu, Finland
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Romero LM, Lyczko N, Nzihou A, Antonini G, Moreau E, Richardeau H, Coste C, Madoui S, Durécu S. New insights on mercury abatement and modeling in a full-scale municipal solid waste incineration flue gas treatment unit. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 113:270-279. [PMID: 32559697 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Modeling approaches are generally used to describe mercury transformations in a single step of flue gas treatment processes. However, less attention has been given to the interactions between the different process stages. Accordingly, the mercury removal performance of a full-scale solid waste incineration plant, equipped with a dry flue gas treatment line was investigated using two complementary modeling strategies: a thermochemical equilibrium approach to study the mercury transformation mechanisms and speciation in the flue gas, and a kinetic approach to describe the mercury adsorption process. The modeling observations were then compared to real-operation full-scale data. Considering the typical flue gas composition of waste incineration facilities (high concentrations of HCl compared to Hg), it was found that a process temperature decrease results in better mercury removal efficiencies, associated with a higher oxidation extent of Hg in HgCl2, and the enhancement of the sorbent capacity. Improvements can also be attained by increasing the sorbent injection rate to the process, or the solid/gas separation cycles. An empirical correlation to predict the mercury removal efficiency from the main operating parameters of dry flue gas treatment units was proposed, representing a useful tool for waste incineration facilities. The presented modeling approach proved to be suitable to evaluate the behavior of full-scale gas treatment units, and properly select the most adequate adjustments in operating parameters, in order to respect the increasingly constraining mercury emissions regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina M Romero
- Université de Toulouse, IMT Mines Albi, RAPSODEE CNRS UMR 5302, Campus Jarlard, F.81013 Albi Cedex 09, France.
| | - Nathalie Lyczko
- Université de Toulouse, IMT Mines Albi, RAPSODEE CNRS UMR 5302, Campus Jarlard, F.81013 Albi Cedex 09, France
| | - Ange Nzihou
- Université de Toulouse, IMT Mines Albi, RAPSODEE CNRS UMR 5302, Campus Jarlard, F.81013 Albi Cedex 09, France
| | - Gérard Antonini
- Association RECORD, Campus LyonTech La Doua, 69603 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Eric Moreau
- DURAG, 147 Avenue Paul Doumer, 92500 Rueil Malmaison, France
| | - Hubert Richardeau
- EES-SECAUTO, 2 rue Louis Lépine, BP 40099, 13693 Martigues Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Coste
- Suez RV France, Tour CB21, 16 Place de l'Iris, 92040 Paris-La-Défense, France
| | - Saïd Madoui
- CME Environnement, 32 rue Edouard Martel, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Sylvain Durécu
- Séché Environnement, Centre de Recherche, 1425, Avenue Charles de Gaulle, Parc Industriel de la Plaine de l'Ain, 01150 Saint-Vulbas, France
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46
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Cho BH, Nam BH, An J, Youn H. Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) Ashes as Construction Materials-A Review. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13143143. [PMID: 32679661 PMCID: PMC7411600 DOI: 10.3390/ma13143143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, extensive studies on municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ashes have been performed to develop more effective recycling and waste management programs. Despite the large amount of research activities and the resulting improvements to MSWI ashes, the recycling programs for MSWI ashes are limited. For instance, although the U.S. generates more MSWI ashes than any other country in the world, its reuse/recycle programs are limited; bottom ash and fly ash are combined and disposed of in landfills. Reuse of MSWI ashes in the construction sectors (i.e., geomaterials, asphalt paving, and concrete products) as replacements for raw materials is one of most promising options because of the large consumption and relatively lenient environmental criteria. The main objective of this study was to comprehensively review MSWI ashes with regard to specific engineering properties and their performance as construction materials. The focus was on (1) the current practices of MSWI ash management (in particular, a comparison between European countries and the U.S.), (2) the engineering properties and performance of ashes when they are used as substitutes of construction materials and for field applications, and (3) the environmental properties and criteria for the use of MSWI ashes. Overall, the asphalt and concrete applications are the most promising, from both the mechanical and leachate viewpoints. However, cons were also observed: high absorption of MSWI ash requires a high asphalt binder content in hot-mix asphalt, and metallic elements in the ash may generate H2 gas in the high-pH environment of the concrete. These side effects can be predicted via material characterization (i.e., chemical and physical), and accordingly, proper treatment and/or modified mix proportioning can be performed prior to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Hooi Cho
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
| | - Boo Hyun Nam
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
- Correspondence: (B.H.N.); (H.Y.)
| | - Jinwoo An
- Department of Engineering, University of Mount Union, Alliance, OH 44601, USA;
| | - Heejung Youn
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.H.N.); (H.Y.)
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47
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Chen Z, Zhang S, Lin X, Li X. Decomposition and reformation pathways of PCDD/Fs during thermal treatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 394:122526. [PMID: 32248028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thermal treatment of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash (FA) allows heavy metals solidification, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) decomposition, and environmentally stable materials production, but lacking advanced insights into PCDD/Fs dramatically limits its development. In this study, the decomposition and reformation of PCDD/Fs during thermal treatment of two typical fly ashes (loading 0.294 and 0.594 ng I-TEQ/g PCDD/Fs, respectively) are systematically investigated, under conditions of three heating temperature (500, 800, and 1100 °C) and two atmospheres (oxidative and inert). Over 95 % of PCDD/Fs in FA are effectively decomposed for all tests mainly via cyclic skeleton destruction accompanied by dechlorination, but reformation predominantly through de novo synthesis in off-gases significantly reduces the overall elimination efficiency. Moreover, both de novo synthesis and chlorination are enhanced as temperature increase promoting migrations of catalytic metals and chlorine, yet are weakened at the absence of oxygen, both of which are revealed by PCDD/F-signatures evolution. Catalytic metal is identified as the most critical factor accounting for PCDD/Fs reformation, which is also evidenced by kinetic models of de novo synthesis. Finally, the decomposition and reformation pathways during thermal treatment of fly ashes are proposed. The results pave the way for controlling PCDD/Fs reformation and improving the thermal treatment of fly ashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Gao M, Wang M, Wu C, Wang X, Yang Y, Liu S, Shimaoka T, Wang Q. Dechlorination of fly ash by hydrolysate of municipal solid waste leachate. RSC Adv 2020; 10:26397-26406. [PMID: 35519747 PMCID: PMC9055411 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03113e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (referred to as the fly ash) presents an important environmental problem in China today, but strategies for its treatment have yet to be widely studied and implemented. The currently available methods for the dechlorination of fly ash are not sufficient, given the amounts of fly ash produced each year. To increase the reuse fraction of fly ash as raw material for cement production, we propose an improved dechlorination method. Specifically, fly ash was leached with the hydrolysate of municipal solid waste leachate (HMSWL) to remove the water-insoluble chlorine. Three-step HMSWL leaching removed 94.3% of the total chlorine in fly ash, much more than the 82.7% that was removed through three-step ultrapure water (UW) leaching. X-ray diffraction indicated that three-step UW leaching could remove Cl mainly in the forms of KCl, NaCl, CaClOH and AlOCl, whereas three-step HMSWL leaching could further remove more water-insoluble Cl in the forms of AlOCl. In addition, the experimental results further suggested that the low pH of HMSWL (4.9) contributed little to the water-insoluble Cl removal, whereas the displacement of organic acid radicals (especially by the butyrate radical) was the major cause of water-insoluble Cl removal. Therefore, HMSWL rich in butyrate radical could be an ideal water substitute for fly ash dechlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District Beijing 100083 PR China +86-10-6233-2778 +86-10-6233-2778
| | - Menglu Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District Beijing 100083 PR China +86-10-6233-2778 +86-10-6233-2778
| | - Chuanfu Wu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District Beijing 100083 PR China +86-10-6233-2778 +86-10-6233-2778
| | - Xiaona Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District Beijing 100083 PR China +86-10-6233-2778 +86-10-6233-2778
| | - Yufei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 PR China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University Beijing 100191 PR China
| | - Takayuki Shimaoka
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Qunhui Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District Beijing 100083 PR China +86-10-6233-2778 +86-10-6233-2778
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Disc Granulation Process of Carbonation Lime Mud as a Method of Post-Production Waste Management. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13133419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbonation lime mud is a by-product formed during the production of sugar in the process of raw beetroot juice purification. On average, during one campaign, over 12,000 tons of carbonation lime mud is obtained in the operation of one sugar production plant. It is stored in prisms, which negatively affects the environment. The chemical properties of carbonation lime mud allow using it as a soil improver. This article presents the results of research into the development of carbonation lime mud disposal technology and its management. The chemical composition and physical properties of waste were determined. It has been proposed to use carbonation lime mud as the basic raw material in the production of mineral–organic fertilizers. Tests were conducted in a disc granulator. The granulated material was wetted with water and aqueous solution of molasses. Carbonation lime mud is a material that is easily subjected to the granulation process, using any wetting liquid. The beds wetted with 33% and 66% solutions of molasses are characterized by a greater homogeneity and smaller size of the obtained product. During experiments in which wetting with water was applied, the product obtained after drying demonstrated low resistance to compression; granules wetted with 33% aqueous solution of molasses demonstrated resistance to compression below 10 N; and granules wetted with 66% aqueous solution of molasses demonstrated resistance to compression above 10 N.
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50
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Yu S, Du B, Baheiduola A, Geng C, Liu J. HCB dechlorination combined with heavy metals immobilization in MSWI fly ash by using n-Al/CaO dispersion mixture. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 392:122510. [PMID: 32193123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA) has been strictly controlled as hazardous waste globally because it contains various heavy metals and dioxins. This study prepared a nanometallic Al/CaO (n-Al/CaO) dispersion mixture via ball-milling as a reductive stabilization reagent for the simultaneous immobilization of heavy metals and detoxification of POPs like substance in MSWI-FA. Under optimal conditions, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb had been significantly immobilized (over 99.9 %) and the leaching concentration of Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb were below the detectable limit. Simultaneously, 82.43 % of HCB can be destructed into alkanes and amorphous carbon. The porous structure of the fly ash and alkaline surface of n-Al/CaO promoted the adsorption and cracking of HCB. The highly active n-Al/CaO interacted with water as the hydrogen donor to promote the reductive dechlorination process. Hydrocalumite was a new mineral formed from the adsorption and complexation of heavy metal. Therefore, n-Al/CaO can strengthen the control of heavy metals in the S/S treatment of MSWI-FA, effectively detoxify chlorinated organics, and reduce environmental health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Yu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bing Du
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; China National Environmental Protection Group, Beijing 100082, China
| | | | - Chao Geng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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