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Qin M, Jin Y, Peng T, Zhao B, Hou D. Heavy metal pollution in Mongolian-Manchurian grassland soil and effect of long-range dust transport by wind. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 177:108019. [PMID: 37301047 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Grasslands provide a range of valuable ecosystem services, but they are also particularly fragile ecosystems easily threatened by human activities, such as long-term open-pit mining and related industrial activities. In grassland area, dust containing heavy metal(loid)s generated by mines may further migrate to remote places, but few studies have focused on the long-range transport of contaminants as an important pollution source. In the present study, one of the largest and most intact grassland ecosystems, the Mongolian-Manchurian steppe, was selected to investigate its pollution status and track potential sources. A total of 150 soil samples were collected to explore reginal distribution of nine heavy metal(loid)s that has potential risk in grassland. We conducted a combined multi-variant analysis of positive matrix factorization (PMF) and machine learning, which foregrounded the source of long-range transport of contaminants and inspired the hypothesis of a novel stochastic model to describe contaminants distribution. Results showed four different sources accounting for 44.44% (parent material), 20.28% (atmospheric deposition), 20.39% (farming), and 14.89% (transportation) of the total concentration, respectively. Factor 2 indicated that coal surface mining lead to a significant enrichment of As and Se with their concentration far above the global average level, which was different from other reported grassland areas. Machine learning results further confirmed that atmospheric and topographic features were their contamination controlling factors. The model results proposed that As, Se and Cu released by surface mining will be transported over long distance under prevailing monsoon, until finally deposited in the windward slope of mountain due to terrain obstruction. The long-range transport by wind and deposition of contaminants may be a prevailing phenomenon in temperate grassland, making it a pollution source that cannot be ignored. Evidence from this study reveals the urgency of precautions for fragile grassland ecosystems around industrial areas and provides a basis for its management and risk control policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhan Qin
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuanliang Jin
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianyue Peng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Leno N, Ajayan AS, Thampatti KCM, Sudharmaidevi CR, Aparna B, Gladis R, Rani TS, Joseph B, Meera AV, Nagula S. Humification evaluation and carbon recalcitrance of a rapid thermochemical digestate fertiliser from degradable solid waste for climate change mitigation in the tropics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157752. [PMID: 35921927 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Indiscriminate, unhygienic and unscientific disposal of solid wastes poses significant risks leading to soil, water and air pollution. Abiotic and nonenzymatic rapid thermochemical processing technology provides a solution for the management of degradable solid waste at the source, converting it to organic digestate fertiliser within a day, thus overcoming the main drawback of the long time span required for composting. A study was performed to evaluate the maturity parameters and the extent of humification of the thermochemical digestate fertiliser and the raw biowaste substrate. We made an objective assessment of the recalcitrance efficiency of the added thermochemical digestate fertiliser on tropical Ultisol soil grown with two cycles of tomato and amaranthus crop sequences. Unlike the raw biowaste substrate, the thermochemical digestate complied with the threshold standards of compost maturity parameters and humification indices. Soil application of the thermochemical digestate fertiliser brought significant additions to the labile, microbial biomass and recalcitrant fractions of soil organic carbon within a year after four cycles of crop growth, as revealed by principal component analysis. Linear regression analysis revealed a strong and significant fit of the labile and microbial biomass carbon fractions with the total dry biomass of amaranthus and tomato. The thermochemical digestate fertiliser imparted a recalcitrance index of 85.57 % and enhanced the soil carbon stock by 4.81 % over the compost-based treatments with a superior soil carbon sequestration rate. The study confirmed that thermochemical digestate fertiliser is a fairly humified, high-resource organic fertiliser input with enhanced agronomic biomass production and recalcitrance efficiency, favouring soil carbon sequestration in Ultisol soils of the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Leno
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala 695 522, India.
| | - Amrutha Sujatha Ajayan
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala 695 522, India
| | - Kizhakke Covilakom Manorama Thampatti
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala 695 522, India
| | - Cheruvelil Rajamma Sudharmaidevi
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala 695 522, India
| | - Balasubramaniam Aparna
- Department of Organic Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala 695 522, India.
| | - Rajamony Gladis
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala 695 522, India.
| | - Thankamma Sajitha Rani
- Instructional Farm, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala 695 522, India.
| | - Biju Joseph
- Instructional Farm, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala 695 522, India.
| | - Aaltharackal Vikraman Meera
- Integrated Farming System Research Station, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala 695 002, India.
| | - Sainath Nagula
- Agricultural Research Station, Tornala, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Telangana 502 114, India
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Lord R, Sakrabani R. Ten-year legacy of organic carbon in non-agricultural (brownfield) soils restored using green waste compost exceeds 4 per mille per annum: Benefits and trade-offs of a circular economy approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 686:1057-1068. [PMID: 31412504 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil organic carbon (SOC) was re-analysed 10 years after application of source-segregated green waste compost at a 1 ha previously-developed UK site to compare with the increases suggested by the 4 per mille initiative proposed at COP21 in Paris. Compost prepared to PAS100 standard had been incorporated once at rates of 250, 500 and 750 t·ha-1 in 2007 in clay subsoil prior to planting of perennial energy crops. Our results show statistically significant differential increases in SOC, total nutrients N and P, or contaminants Zn, Pb, Cu, As and B, remain from the compost application after a decade. For the 500 or 750 t·ha-1 compost rates the SOC increments in the upper 10-15 cm were 0.85% or 1.6% over the 4.9% developed from a baseline of 1.8% in control areas by a decade of natural regeneration. Calculation of the elemental loadings from the compost analyses compared to the present-day levels suggests SOC declines after application at an average annual rate approaching 10%, compared to 5% for the nutrients or contaminants, roughly equivalent to half-lives of 5 or 10 years respectively. The study demonstrates the long-term soil organic matter (SOM) additions, fertility benefits and technical feasibility of a one-off, high-rate application of waste-derived compost to improve urban soils, compared to the potential trade-off of adding to PTE loadings. This longevity of SOC addition, previously unrecognised in brownfield soils, may be inferred for other areas where further cultivation is precluded, as is typical after landscape restoration or under perennial energy crops for the production of biomass. This unprecedented result has wider implications for marginal land use for bioenergy and the opportunities therein for SOC management using anthropogenic organic wastes to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lord
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Ruben Sakrabani
- School of Water, Energy & Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
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Troldborg M, Duckett D, Allan R, Hastings E, Hough RL. A risk-based approach for developing standards for irrigation with reclaimed water. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 126:372-384. [PMID: 28985601 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A generalised quantitative risk assessment (QRA) is developed to assess the potential harm to human health resulting from irrigation with reclaimed water. The QRA is conducted as a backward calculation starting from a pre-defined acceptable risk level at the receptor point (defined as an annual infection risk of 10-4 for pathogens and by reference doses (RfD) for chemical hazards) and results in an estimate of the corresponding acceptable concentration levels of the given hazards in the effluent. In this way the QRA is designed to inform the level of water treatment required to achieve an acceptable risk level and help establish reclaimed water quality standards. The QRA considers the exposure of human receptors to microbial and chemical hazards in the effluent through various exposure pathways and routes depending on the specific irrigation scenario. By considering multiple pathways and routes, a number of key aspects relevant to estimating human exposure to recycled water can be accounted for, including irrigation and crop handling practices (e.g., non-edible vs edible, spray vs. drip, withholding time) and volumes consumed (directly vs indirectly). The QRA relies on a large number of inputs, many of which were found to be highly uncertain. A possibilistic approach, based on fuzzy set theory, was used to propagate the uncertain input values through the QRA model to estimate the possible range of hazard concentrations that are deemed acceptable/safe for reclaimed water irrigation. Two scenarios were considered: amenity irrigation and irrigation of ready-to-eat food crops, and calculations were carried out for six example hazards (norovirus, Cryptosporidium, cadmium, lead, PCB118 and naphthalene) and using UK-specific input values. The human health risks associated with using reclaimed water for amenity irrigation were overall deemed low, i.e. the calculated acceptable concentration levels for most of the selected hazards were generally far greater than levels typically measured in effluent from wastewater treatment plants; however the predicted acceptable concentration levels for norovirus and Cryptosporidium suggested that disinfection by UV may be required before use. It was found that stricter concentration standards were required for hazards that are more strongly bound to soil and/or are more toxic/infectious. It was also found that measures that reduce the amount of effluent directly ingested by the receptor would significantly reduce the risks (by up to 2 orders of magnitude for the two pathogens). The results for the food crop irrigation scenario showed that stricter concentration standards are required to ensure the effluent is safe to use. For pathogens, the dominant exposure route was found to be ingestion of effluent captured on the surface of the crops indicating that risks could be significantly reduced by restricting irrigation to the non-edible parts of the crop. The results also showed that the exposure to some organic compounds and heavy metals through plant uptake and attached soil particles could be high and possibly pose unacceptable risk to human health. For both scenarios, we show that the predicted acceptable concentration levels are associated with large uncertainty and discuss the implications this has for defining quality standards and how the uncertainty can be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Troldborg
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, United Kingdom.
| | - Dominic Duckett
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Allan
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Hastings
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, United Kingdom
| | - Rupert L Hough
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, United Kingdom
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Soobhany N, Mohee R, Garg VK. Inactivation of bacterial pathogenic load in compost against vermicompost of organic solid waste aiming to achieve sanitation goals: A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 64:51-62. [PMID: 28302524 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Waste management strategies for organic residues, such as composting and vermicomposting, have been implemented in some developed and developing countries to solve the problem of organic solid waste (OSW). Yet, these biological treatment technologies do not always result in good quality compost or vermicompost with regards to sanitation capacity owing to the presence of bacterial pathogenic substances in objectionable concentrations. The presence of pathogens in soil conditioners poses a potential health hazard and their occurrence is of particular significance in composts and/or vermicomposts produced from organic materials. Past and present researches demonstrated a high-degree of agreement that various pathogens survive after the composting of certain OSW but whether similar changes in bacterial pathogenic loads arise during vermitechnology has not been thoroughly elucidated. This review garners information regarding the status of various pathogenic bacteria which survived or diffused after the composting process compared to the status of these pathogens after the vermicomposting of OSW with the aim of achieving sanitation goals. This work is also indispensable for the specification of compost quality guidelines concerning pathogen loads which would be specific to treatment technology. It was hypothesized that vermicomposting process for OSW can be efficacious in sustaining the existence of pathogenic organisms most specifically; human pathogens under safety levels. In summary, earthworms can be regarded as a way of obliterating pathogenic bacteria from OSW in a manner equivalent to earthworm gut transit mechanism which classifies vermicomposting as a promising sanitation technique in comparison to composting processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuhaa Soobhany
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mauritius, Reduit 80837, Mauritius.
| | - Romeela Mohee
- Office of Vice Chancellor, University of Mauritius, Reduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Vinod Kumar Garg
- Centre for Environmental Science and Technology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 155001, Punjab, India
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Tomco PL, Duddleston KN, Schultz EJ, Hagedorn B, Stevenson TJ, Seefeldt SS. Field degradation of aminopyralid and clopyralid and microbial community response to application in Alaskan soils. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:485-493. [PMID: 26313564 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
High-latitude regions experience unique conditions that affect the degradation rate of agrochemicals in the environment. In the present study, data collected from 2 field sites in Alaska, USA (Palmer and Delta) were used to generate a kinetic model for aminopyralid and clopyralid degradation and to describe the microbial community response to herbicide exposure. Field plots were sprayed with herbicides and sampled over the summer of 2013. Quantification was performed via liquid chromatrography/tandem mass spectrometry, and microbial diversity was assessed via next-generation sequencing of bacterial 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) genes. Both compounds degraded rapidly via pseudo-first-order degradation kinetics between 0 d and 28 d (t1/2 = 9.1-23.0 d), and then degradation slowed thereafter through 90 d. Aminopyralid concentration was 0.048 μg/g to 0.120 μg/g at 90 d post application, whereas clopyralid degraded rapidly at the Palmer site but was recovered in Delta soil at a concentraction of 0.046 μg/g. Microbial community diversity was moderately impacted by herbicide treatment, with the effect more pronounced at Delta. These data predict reductions in crop yield when sensitive plants (potatoes, tomatoes, marigolds, etc.) are rotated onto treated fields. Agricultural operations in high-latitude regions, both commercial and residential, rely heavily on cultivation of such crops and care must be taken when rotating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L Tomco
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Khrystyne N Duddleston
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Emily Jo Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Birgit Hagedorn
- Environment and Natural Resources Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Timothy J Stevenson
- Office of the Vice Provost for Research and Graduate Studies, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Steven S Seefeldt
- Cooperative Extension Service, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
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Lopes C, Antelo LT, Franco-Uría A, Alonso AA, Pérez-Martín R. Valorisation of fish by-products against waste management treatments--Comparison of environmental impacts. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 46:103-112. [PMID: 26316101 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Reuse and valorisation of fish by-products is a key process for marine resources conservation. Usually, fishmeal and oil processing factories collect the by-products generated by fishing port and industry processing activities, producing an economical benefit to both parts. In the same way, different added-value products can be recovered by the valorisation industries whereas fishing companies save the costs associated with the management of those wastes. However, it is important to estimate the advantages of valorisation processes not only in terms of economic income, but also considering the environmental impacts. This would help to know if the valorisation of a residue provokes higher impact than other waste management options, which means that its advantages are probably not enough for guarantying a sustainable waste reuse. To that purpose, there are several methodologies to evaluate the environmental impacts of processes, including those of waste management, providing different indicators which give information on relevant environmental aspects. In the current study, a comparative environmental assessment between a valorisation process (fishmeal and oil production) and different waste management scenarios (composting, incineration and landfilling) was developed. This comparison is a necessary step for the development and industrial implementation of these processes as the best alternative treatment for fish by-products. The obtained results showed that both valorisation process and waste management treatments presented similar impacts. However, a significant benefit can be achieved through valorisation of fish by-products. Additionally, the implications of the possible presence of pollutants were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Lopes
- Process Engineering Group, Marine Research Institute IIM-CSIC, Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain; Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luis T Antelo
- Process Engineering Group, Marine Research Institute IIM-CSIC, Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Amaya Franco-Uría
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Antonio A Alonso
- Process Engineering Group, Marine Research Institute IIM-CSIC, Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Martín
- Process Engineering Group, Marine Research Institute IIM-CSIC, Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
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Zhang Z, Le Velly M, Rhind SM, Kyle CE, Hough RL, Duff EI, McKenzie C. A study on temporal trends and estimates of fate of Bisphenol A in agricultural soils after sewage sludge amendment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 515-516:1-11. [PMID: 25682473 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Temporal concentration trends of BPA in soils were investigated following sewage sludge application to pasture (study 1: short term sludge application; study 2: long term multiple applications over 13 years). The background levels of BPA in control soils were similar, ranging between 0.67-10.57 ng g(-1) (mean: 3.02 ng g(-1)) and 0.51-6.58 ng g(-1) (mean: 3.22 ng g(-1)) for studies 1 and 2, respectively. Concentrations in both treated and control plots increased over the earlier sampling times of the study to a maximum and then decreased over later sampling times, suggesting other sources of BPA to both the treated and control soils over the study period. In study 1 there was a significant treatment effect of sludge application in the autumn (p=0.002) although no significant difference was observed between treatment and control soils in the spring. In study 2 treated soils contained considerably higher BPA concentrations than controls ranging between 12.89-167.9 ng g(-1) (mean: 63.15 ng g(-1)). This and earlier studies indicate the long-term accumulation of multiple contaminants by multiple sewage sludge applications over a prolonged period although the effects of the presence of such contaminant mixtures have not yet been elucidated. Fugacity modelling was undertaken to estimate partitioning of Bisphenol A (soil plus sewage: pore water: soil air partitioning) and potential uptake into a range of food crops. While Bisphenol A sorbs strongly to the sewage-amended soil, 4% by mass was predicted to enter soil pore water resulting in significant uptake by crops particularly leafy vegetables (3.12-75.5 ng g(-1)), but also for root crops (1.28-31.0 ng g(-1)) with much lower uptake into cereal grains (0.62-15.0 ng g(-1)). This work forms part of a larger programme of research aimed at assessing the risks associated with the long-term application of sewage sludge to agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulin Zhang
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK.
| | - Morgane Le Velly
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK; Robert Gordon University, Institute for Innovation Design and Sustainability (IDEAS), Riverside East, Garthdee, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Stewart M Rhind
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Carol E Kyle
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Rupert L Hough
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Elizabeth I Duff
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Craig McKenzie
- Robert Gordon University, Institute for Innovation Design and Sustainability (IDEAS), Riverside East, Garthdee, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK
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Zhao Y, Yan Z, Qin J, Xiao Z. Effects of long-term cattle manure application on soil properties and soil heavy metals in corn seed production in Northwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:7586-7595. [PMID: 24604271 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of manure application on continuous maize seed production, 10-year cattle manure on soil properties, heavy metal in soil and plant were evaluated and investigated in calcareous soil. Results showed that manure application increased soil organic matter, total and available nutrients, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC), and the most massive rate caused the highest increase. Manure application led to an increase in exchangeable fraction and an increase of availability of heavy metal. Residual fraction was dominant among all metals, followed by the fraction bound to Fe and Mn oxides. Manure application involved accumulation of heavy metal on corn, but the accumulation in the stem is higher than that in the seed. Manure application led to a high deficiency of total Zn and high accumulation of total Cd in the soil of corn seed production, which should be a risk for safety seed production in calcareous soil in Northwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchen Zhao
- School of Agriculture and Biotechnology of Hexi University, Zhangye, 734000, Gansu, China,
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Avery LM, Booth P, Campbell C, Tompkins D, Hough RL. Prevalence and survival of potential pathogens in source-segregated green waste compost. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 431:128-138. [PMID: 22677624 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Composting of source-separated green waste (SSGW) is essential to meet the EU Landfill Directive target and agricultural land is considered a significant market for the resulting composts. A critical review of the literature was performed to evaluate the potential for pathogens to enter the composting process via SSGW feedstocks and the likelihood of their survival of the composting process and subsequent application to land. This is discussed in the context of application of other organic wastes to land. It was concluded that zoonoses such as verotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. are unlikely to survive and effective composting process, whereas spore forming organisms are more resistant to composting but are also ubiquitous in the environment. Adherence to existing guidelines, such as those for farm yard manures, is likely to provide a rational degree of health protection for humans and livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Avery
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK.
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