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Qi W, Geng C, Zhu F, Zhang C, Du B, Ji Y, Wang F, Zhang S, Liu J. Complementary vitrification of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash from grate furnaces and fluidised bed incinerators via a co-reduction process. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 184:92-100. [PMID: 38805759 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The increasing application of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) emphasises the need for MSWI fly ash (FA) safe treatment. Based on the compositional complementarity of FA from grate furnaces (G-FA) and fluidised bed incinerators (F-FA), we proposed a co-reduction process to treat G-FA and F-FA together for producing vitrified slag and ferroalloys. The clean vitrified slag and Fe-Cr-Ni-Cu alloy were obtained with the mass ratios of 1:9 ∼ 6:4 (G-FA:F-FA) at 1300℃, which is about 300℃ lower than the conventional G-FA vitrification. The metals Zn, Cd, and Pb were mostly volatilised into the flue gas for potential recovery from the secondary FA. The thermodynamic SiO2-Al2O3-CaO ternary system demonstrated that an optimal mass ratio of the two complementary FA types contributes to the system shifting to the low-temperature melting zone. The co-reduction process of G-FA and F-FA could be a promising option for FA beneficial reutilization with environmental advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Qi
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Chao Geng
- School of Civil Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bing Du
- Beijing Capital Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., First Branch, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Shizhao Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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2
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Thuy Nguyen TT, Vuong TX, Ha Pham TT, Hoang QA, Tu BM, Nguyen TH, Phuong Nguyen TT. Insight into heavy metal chemical fractions in ash collected from municipal and industrial waste incinerators in northern Vietnam. RSC Adv 2024; 14:16486-16500. [PMID: 38774620 PMCID: PMC11106652 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01465k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This investigation involved the collection of fly ash and bottom ash specimens from seven waste incinerators situated in the northern provinces of Vietnam, aimed at assessing the composition and distribution patterns of five chemical fractions of heavy metals (Pb, Cr, As, Cd Cu, and Zn) present in incinerator waste ash. The outcomes reveal that fly ash exhibited a relatively elevated concentration of industrial waste metals (25-66%) such as As, Cd, and Pb primarily in exchangeable (F1) and carbonate fractions (F2), which are mobile forms susceptible to environmental dissolution and consequential bioaccumulation posing health risks to humans. The predominant states of the metals Cr, Cu, and Zn were identified as residual, Fe-Mn oxide, and carbonate, respectively, with their relative proportions showing minimal variation. Conversely, heavy metals were predominantly present in residual residue and Fe-Mn bound form (F3) in bottom ash derived from both residential and commercial waste incineration operations. The non-carcinogenic hazard indices (HI) associated with the examined metals, ranked for both adults and children, were as follows: Pb > Cr > As > Cd > Cu > Zn. Notably, the HI values for Pb, Cr, and As exceeded the permissible threshold (HI > 1) for children. However, the risk of As, Cd, and Pb-related cancer via exposure pathways remained within acceptable limits for both age groups. Conversely, the probability of carcinogenic effects attributable to Cr surpassed the permissible threshold (>10-4), indicating significant health concerns associated with heavy metals in waste incinerators for humans, particularly children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Thuy Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, TNU-University of Science Tan Thinh Ward Thai Nguyen City 24000 Vietnam
| | - Truong Xuan Vuong
- Faculty of Chemistry, TNU-University of Science Tan Thinh Ward Thai Nguyen City 24000 Vietnam
| | - Thi Thu Ha Pham
- Faculty of Chemistry, TNU-University of Science Tan Thinh Ward Thai Nguyen City 24000 Vietnam
| | - Quoc Anh Hoang
- University of Science, Vietnam National University Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong Hanoi 11000 Vietnam
| | - Binh Minh Tu
- University of Science, Vietnam National University Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong Hanoi 11000 Vietnam
| | - Thi Hue Nguyen
- Institute of Science and Technology for Energy and Environment, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Thi Thu Phuong Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Hanoi University of Industry 298 Cau Dien Street Bac Tu Liem District Hanoi Vietnam
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3
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Bassey U, Tom AO, Okono U, John M, Sinn M, Bassey A, Luke U, Narra S. Characteristics and management of municipal solid waste in Uyo, Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10971. [PMID: 38744927 PMCID: PMC11094142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased urbanization and population lead to increased consumption of manufactured goods. This ultimately results in increased production of waste. Identifying its composition is crucial for planning an effective solid waste management strategy. This study assesses the characteristics and composition of the waste generated within the Uyo Capital City Development Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. This is to aid in developing a scientifically supported waste management pilot system for the state. Direct waste sorting and characterization were conducted on the municipal solid waste arriving at the landfill during the study period. Over 50% of the generated wastes are recyclables and composed of plastics, metals, and paper, while the fraction of organic waste is over 30%. Similarly, the waste generation per capita is 1.34 kg/person/day, while the generation forecast over the next ten years is estimated to increase by approximately 40%. Furthermore, over 9,000 surveys were completed by residents to establish a problem statement about the existing waste collection and disposal system, and possible solutions. Importantly, a majority of survey respondents were willing to source-separate their wastes and supported paying a fee for adequate waste collection. This strongly indicates that an integrated waste management system could be established to generate value from the collected waste. Supplementary revenue can be generated through composting, recycling, and land reclamation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uduak Bassey
- Department of Waste and Resource Management, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany.
- Berlin School of Technology, SRH Berlin University of Applied Science, 10587, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Abasi-Ofon Tom
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, G128QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Maja Sinn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Systemic Cell Biology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Uduak Luke
- University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - Satyanarayana Narra
- Department of Waste and Resource Management, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
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Tian A, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Kan D, Lu Y, Tang Q. Use of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash as a permeable subgrade material: An experimental and mechanism study. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2024; 74:291-303. [PMID: 38376118 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2024.2319764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
As a traditional method of waste treatment, municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) has become one of the main methods of urban waste treatment. However, as a byproduct of MSWI, a large amount of MSWI bottom ash is not reused in current practice. This study innovatively posits MSWI bottom ash as an eco-friendly adsorbent rather than a pollutant, exploring its potential application as a permeable subgrade material. The results reveal that MSWI bottom ash exhibits promising properties to serve as a permeable subgrade material to achieve the permeability and improve the sustainability for subgrade. Due to the arrangement of its particles, it shows excellent performance in shear strength and permeability, which are comparable to or surpass those of sandy soils. The average pore width of 14.200 nm allows heavy metal substances to be encapsulated within the matrix, significantly reducing their leachability, thereby aligning with environmental friendliness standards. Its adsorption capacity is about 6.60 mg/g, and the adsorption capacity per volume is 3.66 times and 2.04 times that of fly ash and clay, respectively. The mechanism analysis shows that the adsorption process is monolayer heterogeneous adsorption. This paper presents a novel perspective on reusing MSWI bottom ash and provides evidence supporting its effective utilization as a permeable subgrade material, offering substantial environmental benefits through enhanced adsorption ability.Implications: Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) is a common method for municipal solid waste treatment, while the MSWI bottom ash is often not reused. This paper explored the explores the feasibility of using MSWI bottom ash as a permeable road base material. The results show that the particle arrangement enables excellent shear strength and permeability, comparable to sandy soil. It meets safety requirements for the leaching of heavy metals and acts as an adsorbent for pollutants leaching from permeable pavements. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying these behaviors of MSWI were confirmed by microstructural and mineralogical analyses. These indicate that MSWI bottom ash has great potential as a permeable road base material. This paper provides a clear understanding of the physical, mechanical and environmental properties of MSWI bottom ash, which can promote its reuse in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angran Tian
- School of Rail Transportation, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhou
- School of Rail Transportation, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuru Chen
- School of Rail Transportation, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Deming Kan
- School of Rail Transportation, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Lu
- School of Rail Transportation, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Tang
- School of Rail Transportation, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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Li S, Zhang M, Hu H, Guo G, Gong L, Dong L, Xu S, Yao H. Fate of sulfur and chlorine during co-incineration of municipal solid waste and industrial organic solid waste. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:171040. [PMID: 38369161 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
In China, the co-incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW) with industrial organic solid waste (IOSW) is increasingly adopted. Compared with MSW, IOSW contains higher levels of sulfur (S) and chlorine (Cl), presenting significant challenges for controlling S/Cl emissions in MSW incineration plants. In this study, the impact of co-incinerating IOSW was investigated in a 500 t/d incinerator grate, focusing on the emissions and transformation behaviors of S/Cl. IOSW, with a consistent sulfur content of about 0.22 wt% and a more variable chlorine content averaging 0.53 wt%, contains over 40 % organic sulfur and >90 % organic chlorine, higher than in MSW. The results of co-incineration experiments showed that the median SO2 concentration in the flue gas was stable at 50 mg/m3, while HCl concentration decreased initially and then increased as the co-incineration ratio of IOSW rose from 20 % to 40 %. Furthermore, the concentrations of SO2 and HCl were not significantly influenced by wind flow but were positively affected by the rising furnace temperatures. Besides, the co-incineration ratio had minimal impact on sulfur in fly ash before deacidification, primarily derived from the gas stream. However, the (Na + K)/Cl ratio in fly ash progressively increased from 1.5 to 1.9, and the Ca content decreased from 0.35 % to 0.15 % as the co-incineration ratio rose to 40 %, indicating more chlorine migration into the fly ash at higher co-incineration rates. This research offers essential guidance for effectively controlling pollutant emissions during the co-incineration of IOSW, specifically the S/Cl pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Mingmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hongyun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Guangzhao Guo
- Grandblue (Foshan) Green Electricity Solid Waste Management Co., Ltd, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Lifang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Grandblue (Foshan) Green Electricity Solid Waste Management Co., Ltd, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Lu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Sihua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Guo L, Xu X, Wang Q, Park J, Lei H, Zhou L, Wang X. Machine learning-based prediction of heavy metal immobilization rate in the solidification/stabilization of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) by geopolymers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 467:133682. [PMID: 38341892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Geopolymer is an environmentally friendly solidification/stabilization (S/S) binder, exhibiting significant potential for immobilizing heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA). However, due to the diversity in geopolymer raw materials and heavy metal properties, predicting the heavy metal immobilization rate proves to be challenging. In order to enhance the application of geopolymers in immobilizing heavy metals in MSWIFA, a universal method is required to predict the heavy metal immobilization rate. Therefore, this study employs machine learning to predict the heavy metal immobilization rate in S/S of MSWIFA by geopolymers. A gradient boosting regression (GB) model with superior performance (R2 = 0.9214) was obtained, and a graphical user interface (GUI) software was developed to facilitate the convenient accessibility of researchers. The feature categories influencing heavy metal immobilization rate are ranked in order of importance as heavy metal properties > geopolymer raw material properties > curing conditions > alkali activator properties. This study facilitates the rapid prediction, improvement, and optimization of heavy metal immobilization in S/S of MSWIFA by geopolymers, and also provides a theoretical basis for the resource utilization of industrial solid waste, contributing to the environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Guo
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Xin Xu
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China.
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Junboum Park
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Haomin Lei
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Xinhai Wang
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
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Li B, Guo X, Zhang X, Leng S, Ma N, Wu X. A new strategy to stabilize the heavy metals in carbonized MSWI-fly ash using an acid-resistant oligomeric dithiocarbamate chelator. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 467:133686. [PMID: 38359762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Fly ash (FA) derived from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) requires safe handling before landfilling due to its extremely high salt content and the risk of leaching heavy metals (HMs) under acidic conditions. Herein, aimed at improving the acid stability of dithiocarbamates, a cost-effective oligomeric dithiocarbamate (ODTC) was developed to stabilize HMs from carbonated MSWI-FA. Spiking of 3.6 wt% ODTC reduced the HM leaching below landfill standards in China, even across the pH range of 2.0-13.0 or 8-week exposure to the natural environment. Stabilization decreased the acid-soluble/exchangeable fractions of Cd, Pb, and Zn from 22.2%, 4.49%, and 21.9% to 0.14%, 0.11%, and 12.2%, respectively, resulting in safe levels for Pb and Cd with risk assessments. Compared to DDTC and SDD, ODTC exhibited higher stability under acidic conditions after chelation with the HMs, minimized the risk of HM leaching, and significantly reduced stabilization costs. In-depth studies proved that the stabilization mechanism involved the ability of ODTC to chelate HMs strongly and form acid-resistant ODTC-HM complexes, agglomeration of the MSWI-FA grains to encapsulate the ODTC-HM complexes, transformations of the HMs from acid-soluble species to stable oxidizable and residual species, and specifically ODTC reducing high-valent Pb to more stable Pb(II) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xuejun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xiangyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Siwen Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Na Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Yang G, Liu M, Gao Y, Han S, Meng F, Ju T, Jiang J. A review on the evaluation models and impact factors of greenhouse gas emissions from municipal solid waste management processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:27531-27553. [PMID: 38573581 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The total amount of global municipal solid waste (MSW) will reach 3.5 billion tons by 2050, thereby bringing tremendous environmental pressure, especially global warming. Large amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs) have been released during MSW management (MSWM). Accounting for GHG emissions is a prerequisite for providing recommendations on appropriate treatment options to mitigate emissions from MSWM systems. There are many methods involved in estimating emissions. This paper summarizes the computing models commonly used in each process of the integrated MSWM system and emphasizes the influence of parameters and other factors. Compared with other disposal methods, landfilling has the highest emissions, commonly estimated using first-order decay (FOD) methods. Emission reduction can be realized through waste to energy (WtE) and resource recovery measures. IPCC is commonly used for calculating direct emissions, while LCA-based models can calculate emissions including upstream and downstream processes, whose results depend on assumptions and system boundaries. The estimation results of models vary greatly and are difficult to compare with each other. Besides, large gaps exist between the default emission factors (EFs) provided by models and those F measured in specific facilities. These findings provide a systematic view for a bettering understanding of MSW emissions as well as the estimating methods and also reveal the key points that need be developed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Yang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mengdan Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuchen Gao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Siyu Han
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fanzhi Meng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tongyao Ju
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianguo Jiang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Yatoo AM, Hamid B, Sheikh TA, Ali S, Bhat SA, Ramola S, Ali MN, Baba ZA, Kumar S. Global perspective of municipal solid waste and landfill leachate: generation, composition, eco-toxicity, and sustainable management strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:23363-23392. [PMID: 38443532 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Globally, more than 2 billion tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) are generated each year, with that amount anticipated to reach around 3.5 billion tonnes by 2050. On a worldwide scale, food and green waste contribute the major proportion of MSW, which accounts for 44% of global waste, followed by recycling waste (38%), which includes plastic, glass, cardboard, and paper, and 18% of other materials. Population growth, urbanization, and industrial expansion are the principal drivers of the ever-increasing production of MSW across the world. Among the different practices employed for the management of waste, landfill disposal has been the most popular and easiest method across the world. Waste management practices differ significantly depending on the income level. In high-income nations, only 2% of waste is dumped, whereas in low-income nations, approximately 93% of waste is burned or dumped. However, the unscientific disposal of waste in landfills causes the generation of gases, heat, and leachate and results in a variety of ecotoxicological problems, including global warming, water pollution, fire hazards, and health effects that are hazardous to both the environment and public health. Therefore, sustainable management of MSW and landfill leachate is critical, necessitating the use of more advanced techniques to lessen waste production and maximize recycling to assure environmental sustainability. The present review provides an updated overview of the global perspective of municipal waste generation, composition, landfill heat and leachate formation, and ecotoxicological effects, and also discusses integrated-waste management approaches for the sustainable management of municipal waste and landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohd Yatoo
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Basharat Hamid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Tahir Ahmad Sheikh
- Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, Wadura, 193201, India
| | - Shafat Ali
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- River Basin Research Centre, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
- Waste Re-Processing Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Sudipta Ramola
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Md Niamat Ali
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zahoor Ahmad Baba
- Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, Wadura, 193201, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Waste Re-Processing Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
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Liu C, Ma X, Xie J, Wang J, Wang H, Wang Y. Impact of waste separation on the biological nitrogen removal in a MSW incineration leachate treatment plant: Performance and microbial community shift. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117876. [PMID: 38072101 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
After waste separation program was launched in China in 2019, incineration leachate treatment plants are facing a challenge of effective removal of nitrogen from leachate due to lack of sufficient carbon source. In this study, the performance of a biological incineration leachate treatment process (anaerobic digestion (AD) - two-stage anoxic/aerobic (A/O) process) was evaluated after adopting the waste separation program, and the changes in the microbial community and function was analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technology. Results showed that after the waste separation, the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration reduced by 90% (from 19,300 to 1780 mg L-1) with the COD/N ratio decreased from 12.3 to 1.4, which led to a decreased nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) of <65% and a high effluent NO3- accumulation (445.8-986.5 mg N·L-1). By bypassing approximately 60% of the influent to the two-stage A/O process and adding external carbon source (glucose), the mean NRE increased to 86.3 ± 7.4%. Spearman's analysis revealed that refractory compounds in the bypassed leachate were closely related to the variations in bacterial community composition and nitrogen removal function in the two-stage A/O, leading to a weakened correlation of microbial network. KEGG functional pathway predictions based on Tax4Fun also confirmed that the bypassed leachate induced xenobiotic compounds to the two-stage A/O process, the relative abundance of nitrogen metabolism was reduced by 32%, and more external carbon source was required to ensure the satisfactory nitrogen removal of >80%. The findings provide a good guide for regulation of incineration leachate treatment processes after the waste separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Youlin Zhuyuan Sewage Investment and Development Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 200125, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Xiamen Tungsten Co., Ltd, Xiamen, 361009, PR China.
| | - Junxiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Jialin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Yayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
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Zhang M, Fujimori T, Lin X, Li X. Distribution of PCDD/Fs and PCBs at different locations in a circulating fluidised bed municipal solid waste incinerator. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:8552-8565. [PMID: 38180672 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates a circulating fluidised bed (CFB) incineration plant to examine the concentrations and fingerprints of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and biphenyls (PCBs) at five locations downstream of the post-combustion zone. Sampling encompassed both flue gas and ash, spanning from the high-temperature superheater to the outlet of the baghouse filter, thus covering a wide range of flue gas temperatures. The analysis reveals a continuous increase in PCDD/F and PCB concentrations in the flue gas from the superheater to the inlet of the air pollution control system (APCS). The maximum concentrations observed were 75.8 ng/Nm3 for PCDDs, 219 ng/Nm3 for PCDFs, and 763 ng/Nm3 for PCBs. These values represent 9.14, 11.5, and 6.37 times their respective concentrations at the outlet of the high-temperature superheater. Concurrently, the levels of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) in the ash steadily increased along the cooling path of the flue gas within the plant. Comparing dl-PCBs to the total amount of 209 PCB congeners, it was evident that dl-PCBs exhibited a trend more akin to that of PCDD/Fs. A robust linear correlation was observed between dl-PCBs and PCDD/Fs (R2 = 0.99, p < 0.001), surpassing that between PCBs and PCDD/Fs (R2 = 0.92, p < 0.01), suggesting that dl-PCBs share closer formation pathways with PCDD/Fs. Additionally, elemental composition analysis of fly ash samples aimed to explore potential links between fly ash characteristics and PCDD/F and PCB formation. The Cl/S ratio increased from 1.58 to 5.13 with decreasing flue gas temperature. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to visualise the concentrations of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in the flue gas alongside elemental contents in the fly ash. With the exception of PCBs in ash, all other PCDD/Fs and PCBs in fly ash exhibited positive correlations with both carbon (C) and chlorine (Cl). Furthermore, a positive relationship between C/Cl and PCDD/Fs-PCBs in fly ash implies that fly ash serves as the primary reaction surface for dioxin generation during low-temperature heterogeneous catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmei Zhang
- Nanxun Innovation Institute, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Takashi Fujimori
- Ecology and Environmental Engineering Course, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Shiga, 5202194, Japan
| | - Xiaoqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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12
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Shovon SM, Akash FA, Rahman W, Rahman MA, Chakraborty P, Hossain HZ, Monir MU. Strategies of managing solid waste and energy recovery for a developing country - A review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24736. [PMID: 38312703 PMCID: PMC10835228 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Solid waste is considered one of the major pollutants of both water and surface worldwide. The growing global population, urban expansion, and industrial growth are the main reasons for solid waste generation. This has become a major challenge with both regional and worldwide consequences. The yearly generation of municipal solid wastes around the world is 2.01 BT (billion tons) among which about 33 % are not ecologically handled. To address this, proper solid waste management, especially recycling waste products, is crucial to achieving sustainability. High-income countries are able to recycle 51 % of their waste, while low-income countries only recycle 16 % of their waste. Inadequate solid waste management practices can only compound environmental and social problems. To handle these issues thermochemical and biochemical methods are used to convert solid waste to energy. Thermochemical method is suitable for developing countries though it is energy extensive. This review provides a detailed analysis of developing countries' solid waste management and energy recovery. It explores energy recovery technologies, including thermochemical and biochemical waste conversion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Muntasir Shovon
- Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
- Energy Conversion Laboratory, Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Faysal Ahamed Akash
- Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
- Energy Conversion Laboratory, Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Wahida Rahman
- Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdur Rahman
- Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Prosenjeet Chakraborty
- Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - H.M. Zakir Hossain
- Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Minhaj Uddin Monir
- Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
- Energy Conversion Laboratory, Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
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13
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Zhang M, Wei J, Li H, Chen Y, Liu J. Comparing and optimizing municipal solid waste (MSW) management focused on air pollution reduction from MSW incineration in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167952. [PMID: 37865250 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
China is the largest developing country in the world, and its municipal solid waste (MSW) has increased with a compound annual growth rate of 5.1 % since 1980. Incineration, which has the advantages of mass- and volume-reduction as well as energy and heat recovery, has become the mainstream environmentally sound treatment method in China. However, air pollution emissions are the primary reason for limiting MSW incineration (MSWI). Currently, the Chinese government is devoted to comprehensively implementing MSW classification. However, the classification model and the future MSW reduction rate are not yet clear. In this study, we project scenarios of air pollution emissions until 2030 based on the different MSW classification models (MSW reduction rates) and diffusion rates of ultra-low emission technology. A total of 6011 tons (t) of particulate matter, 25,881 t of SO2, 14,915 t of CO, 17,167 t of HCl, and 200,166 t of NOx will be emitted in 2030 under the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, and air pollutants will not peak under this scenario. Air pollutants will reduce by 11 % of the BAU scenario by only implementing an MSW reduction of 20 % (JPN-model). The optimal scenario (DEU-model, increasing the efficiency of material recovery and upgrading air pollution control devices) means that air pollutants will be reduced by 83.2-96.2 % from the base amount under the BAU scenario. These results provide references for MSW management and air pollution emission reduction from the aspects of MSW classification and technology upgrades in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- School of Management, Guangdong University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Junxiao Wei
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Huan Li
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yang Chen
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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14
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Liu F, Liu Z, Gao Y, Liu R, Wang D, Wang B, You Y. Simultaneous realization of heavy metal Cd solidification and chloride separation in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash: Mechanism and DFT analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 348:140741. [PMID: 37979807 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The solidification of heavy metals and the separation-recycling of chloride salts are effective approaches for the safe disposal of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash. This study achieved the solidification of the excessive heavy metal Cd by transforming MSWI fly ash into a solidified body mainly composed of ettringite, while also purifying the calcium and sulfate ions in the chloride solution. The research results demonstrate that the introduction of aluminum ions rapidly decreases the pH value of the MSWI fly ash reaction system. By adjusting the reaction system to a pH value of 11.50, the conversion rate of calcium ions reaches 99.68%, the separation rate of chloride reaches 95.99%, and the solidification rate of heavy metal Cd reaches 98.92%. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the vacancy formation at the Ca-2 position of ettringite and Cd entering the vacancy has a higher probability. The combination of DFT calculations and experiments validates that heavy metal Cd leads to charge redistribution, increased interplanar spacing, and decreased thermal stability of ettringite. The concentration of calcium ions in the solution decreases to 22.64 mg/L, achieving efficient recovery of sodium chloride and potassium chloride in a shorter process. The ettringite-based solidified body contains 0.87% chloride ions, showing potential for resource utilization in cement-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ze Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yu Gao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dongmin Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Baomin Wang
- Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yan You
- Macau Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, 999078, China
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15
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Liu ZH, Li JQ, Zhang XL, Li HD, Su DP, Liang JW. MSWIFA and cement cooperate in the disposal of soft soil - experimental study on silty sand and silty clay. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:8150-8163. [PMID: 38177644 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31686-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) can be reused as a positive additive to strengthen soft soil. In this study, MSWIFA was initially used as a supplementary solidification material in combination with ordinary Portland cement to prepare fly ash cement-stabilized soil (FACS) with silty sand and silty clay, respectively. The ratio of MWSIFA to total mass was 5%, 10%, and 15%, and the cement content was set as 10% and 15%. The mechanical properties of FACS were evaluated by unconfined compressive strength test. The heavy metal-leaching test was conducted to estimate the environmental risk of FACS. The scanning electron microscope was used to test the micro-structure of FACS. The X-ray diffraction was performed to analyze material composition of FACS. The result indicates that the collaborative solidification of soft soil with MSWIFA and cement is feasible. Regarding the silty clay, the FA had positive effects on the silty clay in the service age (between 50 and 100% with 15% MSWIFA), as the MSWIFA reformulated the initial silty clay structure, resulting in interconnection and pore fill between particles. It can be founded that C-S-H and ettringite are the main products of MSWIFA and cement hydration, which are formed by the hydration of C3S and C2S. Regarding the silty sand, the MSWIFA decreased the peak strength (between 35 and 48% with 15% MSWIFA) but increased the ductility of the stabilized cement. Under the same mix proportions, the leaching toxicities of Zn and Pb in FACS of silty clay were obviously lower than were those of silty sand. Generally, the leaching concentrations of tested metals under all the mix proportions were well below the limit value set by GB 18598-2019 for hazardous waste landfill. Thus, the reuse of MSWIFA in cement-stabilized soil would be one of the effective methods in soft soil treatment and solid waste reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Hui Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Engineering Safety, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jia-Qi Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Engineering Safety, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Hao-Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Dong-Po Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Engineering Safety, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jia-Wei Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Engineering Safety, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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16
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Wilson DC. Learning from the past to plan for the future: An historical review of the evolution of waste and resource management 1970-2020 and reflections on priorities 2020-2030 - The perspective of an involved witness. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023; 41:1754-1813. [PMID: 37732707 PMCID: PMC10693744 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x231178025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Improving waste and resource management (WaRM) around the world can halve the weight of plastics entering the oceans, significantly mitigate global heating and contribute directly to 12 of 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs). Achieving such results demands understanding and learning from historical evolution of WaRM. The baseline is 1970, prior to environmental legislation. Early steps in the Global North focused on the 'technical fix' within strictly enforced legal frameworks, first bringing hazardous wastes and municipal solid wastes (MSW) under control, then gradually ramping up environmental standards. Using modern technologies to the Global South often failed due to institutional and financial constraints. From 1990, focus switched to integrating technical and governance aspects: local institutional coherence, financial sustainability, provider inclusivity, user inclusivity, national legislative and policy framework. The Global North rediscovered recycling, using policy measures to promote segregation at source; this relied on new markets in emerging economies, which had largely disappeared by 2020. The Global South is making progress on bringing wastes under control, but around 2.7 billion people lack access to waste collection, while ~40% of collected MSW is open dumped or burned - a continuing global waste emergency. So, much remains to be done to move further towards a circular economy. Three policy priorities are critical for all countries: access to sustainable financing, rethinking sustainable recycling and worldwide extended producer responsibility with teeth. Extending services to unserved communities (SDG11.6.1) requires a people-centred approach, working with communities to provide both quality services and decent livelihoods for collection and recycling workers.
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17
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Li X, Wang X, Wang H, He F. Low-Temperature-Solid Combustion Technology of Biomass for Pollution Reduction: Potentials and Necessary Fundamentals. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:43433-43441. [PMID: 38027333 PMCID: PMC10666148 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The high temperature of solid combustion in modern combustors leads to serious pollution in the combustion of biomass and solid wastes. The broad demands of relatively small-scale combustion of solid fuels and the imposition of increasingly strict emission limits require more economical methods for pollution reduction. Based on literature and our own work, low-temperature-solid combustion technology, which applies low temperature for solids but normal temperature for gas during combustion, was introduced in this paper. The potential of this technology in pollution reduction was analyzed, and necessary fundamentals for equipment design/operation were discussed. It showed that, for straws, more than 60% of deposit and particle emission can be reduced and 100% of ash can be recycled when the solid temperature is <600 °C. Fundamentals on rates of inorganic release, char oxidation, phase transformation in the condensed phase, and NOx/SOx release are necessary for better application of the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Li
- Shandong
Vocational College of Science and Technology, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Shandong
Vocational College of Science and Technology, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Hailiang Wang
- Weifang
Institute of Technology, Qingzhou, Shandong 262500, China
| | - Fang He
- Shandong
University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
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18
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Guo J, Bo X, Xie Y, Tang L, Xu J, Zhang Z, Wan R, Xu H, Mi Z. Health effects of future dioxins emission mitigation from Chinese municipal solid waste incinerators. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118805. [PMID: 37659366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Dioxins (including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, as Group 1 Carcinogen) in the atmosphere mainly originate from incomplete combustion during municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration. To significantly reduce dioxins emission from the MSW incineration industry, China has promulgated a set of ambitious plans regulating MSW-related pollution; however, the emission reduction potentials and concomitant environmental and health impacts associated with the implementation of these programs on a national scale remain unknown. Here, we use real measurements from official environmental impact assessment systems and continuous emissions monitoring systems (covering 96.6% of national MSW incinerators) to estimate unit-level dioxins emission and concomitant environmental and health impacts. We find that in 2018, 99.3% and 66.7% of Chinese incinerators met such concentration and temperature standards, respectively, controlling the total emissions to 19.6 g toxic equivalency quantity and maintaining carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks significantly below safety levels nationwide. Fully achieving both current standards and future regulations will reduce emissions and health risks by 67.7% and 62.6%, respectively, with waste sorting program contributing the majority. This study reveals substantial benefits from curbing MSW-related dioxins pollution and underscores the promise of ongoing management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Center for Carbon Neutrality, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, China; School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Bo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China; BUCT Institute for Carbon-Neutrality of Chinese Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xie
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Tang
- School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruxing Wan
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyun Xu
- China Urban Construction Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Zhifu Mi
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
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19
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Wu YW, Guo R, Sun LJ, Zhou XY, Zhou JL, Zhao HY, Yu YF, Hu Z, Hu B, Liu J, Zhang B, Zhao L, Lu Q. First principles insights into the interaction mechanism of iron doped thermally activated kaolinite with Cd and Pb pollutants in organic solid waste incineration flue gas. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 171:365-374. [PMID: 37757615 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Incineration of organic solid wastes is accompanied by the heavy metal emission through flue gas. As an inexpensive and efficient heavy metal adsorbent, the improvement of kaolinite adsorption performance for heavy metals has drawn widespread interests. In this work, the interaction mechanisms between various kaolinite surfaces and Cd/Pb species are explored through first principles calculations. The results show that the combination of Fe doping and dehydroxylation enhances the activity of kaolinite surfaces, analysis of adsorption configurations reveal that both Cd and Pb species are immobilized through chemisorption on the -H + Fe surface. At the microscopic level, further electronic structure analysis shows that the composite modified kaolinite surface has more electron transfer and more pronounced orbital hybridization and overlap compared to the original kaolinite surface, demonstrating that the modification means of dehydroxylation and Fe doping indeed enhanced the activity of the kaolinite surface, especially the activity of the O atoms in the vicinity of the Fe atom and that the O atoms are more efficiently bonded as ionic connecting Cd/Pb species for the purpose of trapping Cd/Pb species. This study points out the research direction and provides basic theoretical support for the development of new kaolinite adsorbents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Wen Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Rong Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Li-Juan Sun
- Everbright Environmental Protection Technology & Equipment (Changzhou) Limited, Changzhou 213100, China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jia-le Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hai-Yuan Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yi-Fei Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhuang Hu
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Bin Hu
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ji Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Li Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
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20
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Bansal D, Ramana GV, Datta M, Gupta G. Characterization of MSW incineration bottom ash for use as structural fill in reinforced soil structures: Geoenvironmental, geotechnical and economical assessment. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 168:344-353. [PMID: 37343441 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The study presents the geoenvironmental and geotechnical characterization of MSW incineration bottom ash (IBA) and examines its reuse as structural fill in reinforced soil structures (RSS).The suitability of reuse has been assessed with regard to international regulatory standards. The prime focus of the work remains on evaluating the pullout response of geosynthetic reinforcements through IBA fill to determine the interaction coefficient, which has never been addressed in the literature. The economic viability of using IBA instead of locally available river sand for a 12 m high MSE wall is also established. The column leaching test results confirm that IBA can be utilized in RSS with suitable design measures. The geotechnical investigation shows that IBA is a well-graded, non-plastic lightweight material with adequate drainage and high shear strength. The pullout test results demonstrate that the interaction coefficient of polymeric strips and geogrid in IBA (0.73-1.53 and 0.79-1.91, respectively) is comparable or higher to materials conventionally used as structural fill in RSS, indicating adequate bondage between IBA and geosynthetic reinforcement. Further, it is estimated that using IBA as a substitute for available river sand in the vicinity can potentially reduce the overall RSS project cost by 15-20%, even if IBA has to be transported 50 km away from the project site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepesh Bansal
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India.
| | - G V Ramana
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India.
| | - Manoj Datta
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India.
| | - Garima Gupta
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India.
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21
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Dung NT, Toan VD, Mai NT, Ha NNM, Huong NTL. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Domestic Solid Waste Incinerators in Nam Dinh Province, Northern Area of Vietnam: A Comprehensive Assessment of Emission, Source Markers and Human Health Risk. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 111:18. [PMID: 37466742 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03774-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive research of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emission from domestic waste incinerators in northern areas of Vietnam, were investigated. Sixty-four samples from two domestic waste incinerators were collected and analyzed for PAHs. The PAHs concentrations in the samples were determined using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. In April, June, September, and November 2021, Σ16PAHs mean concentrations in chimney air samples were 970.9 ± 57.4, 1061.9 ± 49.8, 1070.7 ± 41.3 and 1136.1 ± 136.5 µg m-3, respectively. The mean emission factors of Σ16PAHs were 7.5 mg/kg. The mean percentages of low molecular weight PAHs were predominant in the analyzed air samples. The toxic equivalent quotient of samples ranged from 30.7 to 41.7 mg/kg, whereas the incremental lifetime cancer risk exceeded 10- 3. This results implied a high level of concern with potentially negative health consequences. The four diagnostic ratios of PAHs were found and can be used for identification of sources markers from domestic waste incinerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Tien Dung
- Center of Science Technology and Environment, Vietnam Cooperative Alliances, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Duc Toan
- Research of Organic Matter Group (ROOM), Environmental and Life Science Research Laboratory, Thuyloi University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Ngo Tra Mai
- Institute of Physics, Viet Nam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen Nu My Ha
- Ha Tinh University, Cam Vinh Commune, Cam Xuyen District, Ha Tinh, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Lan Huong
- Research of Organic Matter Group (ROOM), Environmental and Life Science Research Laboratory, Thuyloi University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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22
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Chen Y, Lin S, Qin Y, Surawski NC, Huang X. Carbon distribution and multi-criteria decision analysis of flexible waste biomass smouldering processing technologies. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 167:183-193. [PMID: 37269582 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Waste biomass treatment is a globally urgent matter which highly relates to environmental quality and human health. Here, a flexible suite of smouldering-based waste biomass processing technologies is developed and four processing strategies: (a) full smouldering, (b) partial smouldering, (c) full smouldering with a flame, and (d) partial smouldering with a flame, are proposed. The gaseous, liquid, and solid products of each strategy are quantified under various airflow rates. Then, a multi-criteria analysis in terms of environmental impact, carbon sequestration, waste removal efficiency, and by-product value is performed. The results show that full smouldering achieves the highest removal efficiency but generates significant greenhouse and toxic gases. Partial smouldering effectively generates stable biochar, sequesters over 30% carbon, and therefore reduces the greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. By applying a self-sustained flame, the toxic gases are significantly reduced to clean smouldering emissions. Finally, the process of partial smouldering with a flame is recommended to process the waste biomass that can sequester more carbon as biochar, minimize carbon emissions and mitigate the pollution. And the process of full smouldering with a flame is preferred to maximally reduce the waste volume with minimum environmental impact. This work enriches strategies for carbon sequestration and environmentally friendly waste biomass processing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Chen
- Research Centre for Fire Safety Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shaorun Lin
- Research Centre for Fire Safety Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yunzhu Qin
- Research Centre for Fire Safety Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nicholas C Surawski
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Xinyan Huang
- Research Centre for Fire Safety Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
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23
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Lu JW, Xie Y, Xie B, Li Z, Huang Z, Zhang D, Hai J. Buffering effect of the economizer against PCDD/Fs in flue gas from solid waste incineration plants. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 167:103-112. [PMID: 37245393 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The emission of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) from solid waste incineration is always a crucial concern for the society. Less attention has been paid to differentiate its formation and migration in the low temperature range of economizer, leading to a fuzzy understanding on the control of PCDD/Fs before flue gas cleaning. This study first reveals the buffering effect against PCDD/Fs in the economizer, which is contrary to the well-known memory effect, and first recognizes the intrinsic mechanism by 36 sets of full-scale experimental data under three typical operating conditions. Results indicated that the buffering effect, which includes interception and releasing, could remove averagely 82.9 % of PCDD/Fs in flue gas and reconcile PCDD/Fs profiles. The interception effect is dominant and in compliance with the condensation law. The low temperature range of economizer is exactly suitable for the condensation of lowly chlorinated congeners, which condense behind highly chlorinated ones. The releasing effect was non-staple but stimulated by the sudden change of operating condition, proving that PCDD/Fs formation rarely exists in the economizer. The buffering effect is mainly controlled by the physical migration of PCDD/Fs among different phases. The condensation of PCDD/Fs leads to their migration from vapor phase to aerosol and solid phases during flue gas cooling in the economizer. There is no need for excessive anxiety about PCDD/Fs formation in the economizer because it rarely exists. Intensifying the condensation process of PCDD/Fs in the economizer can help relieve the pressure of end-of-pipe measures for PCDD/Fs control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Lu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Guangzhou 510330, China
| | - Yingshi Xie
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Guangzhou 510330, China
| | - Bing Xie
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Guangzhou 510330, China.
| | - Zhihong Li
- Chongqing Sanfeng Environment Group Co., Ltd, Chongqing 400084, China
| | - Zhengpeng Huang
- Chongqing Sanfeng Environment Group Co., Ltd, Chongqing 400084, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Chongqing Sanfeng Environment Group Co., Ltd, Chongqing 400084, China
| | - Jing Hai
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Guangzhou 510330, China.
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24
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Lu L, Li W, Cheng Y, Liu M. Chemical recycling technologies for PVC waste and PVC-containing plastic waste: A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 166:245-258. [PMID: 37196390 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The extensive production and consumption of plastics has resulted in significant plastic waste and plastic pollution. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) waste has a high chlorine content and is the primary source of chlorine in the plastic waste stream, potentially generating hazardous chlorinated organic pollutants if treated improperly. This review discusses PVC synthesis, applications, and the current types and challenges of PVC waste management. Dechlorination is vital for the chemical recycling of PVC waste and PVC-containing plastic waste. We review dehydrochlorination and dechlorination mechanisms of PVC using thermal degradation and wet treatments, and summarize the recent progress in chemical treatments and dechlorination principles. This review provides readers with a comprehensive analysis of chemical recycling technologies for PVC waste and PVC-containing plastic waste to transform them into chemicals, fuels, feedstock, and value-added polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Weiming Li
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Meng Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China.
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25
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Amin S, Khandaker MK, Jannat J, Khan F, Rahman SZ. Cooperative environmental governance in urban South Asia: implications for municipal waste management and waste-to-energy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:69550-69563. [PMID: 37140855 PMCID: PMC10157118 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper critically discusses the importance of cooperative environmental governance (CEG) for efficient waste management and waste-to-energy (WtE) generation in the context of growing urban South Asia. Focusing on Bangladesh, India and Pakistan experiences, the paper reveals that even though much progress has been done in the urbanisation in the selected countries, the process of waste management (mainly municipal solid waste) has not been effective due to low level of local inclusion. As a result, the WtE generation potential has not been realised to its fullest. In addition, it has been argued that institutional and social reforms are extremely important for strengthening the CEG, and it will eventually lead to effective and optimal WtE generation in the urban cities of the selected South Asian countries for green transition and urban sustainability. Finally, an integrated solid waste management framework has been formulated for policy implications in South Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakib Amin
- North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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26
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Fan X, Yuan R, Gan M, Ji Z, Sun Z. Subcritical hydrothermal treatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:160745. [PMID: 36586675 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA) is a hazardous waste generated from the incineration process, and the harmless treatment of MSWI-FA has attracted widespread attention. Subcritical hydrothermal treatment is competitive in achieving the harmless treatment and resource recycling of MSWI-FA. It exhibits excellent performance in degrading dioxins, stabilizing heavy metals, and converting MSWI-FA into zeolite or tobermorite at low temperatures. This paper clearly introduces the characteristics of MSWI-FA, roundly summarizes the current research status of treating MSWI-FA by subcritical hydrothermal methods, and deeply clarifies the mechanisms of dioxins degradation, zeolite/tobermorite synthesis, and heavy metals stabilization. Considering the research status of handling MSWI-FA by subcritical hydrothermal methods, future research directions are proposed. Owing to the advantages of high efficiency, energy-saving, and environmental sustainability, subcritical hydrothermal treatment of MSWI-FA exhibits promising prospects for industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Fan
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Ruirui Yuan
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
| | - Min Gan
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
| | - Zhiyun Ji
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Zengqing Sun
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
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27
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Taseska T, Yu W, Wilsey MK, Cox CP, Meng Z, Ngarnim SS, Müller AM. Analysis of the Scale of Global Human Needs and Opportunities for Sustainable Catalytic Technologies. Top Catal 2023; 66:338-374. [PMID: 37025115 PMCID: PMC10007685 DOI: 10.1007/s11244-023-01799-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
AbstractWe analyzed the enormous scale of global human needs, their carbon footprint, and how they are connected to energy availability. We established that most challenges related to resource security and sustainability can be solved by providing distributed, affordable, and clean energy. Catalyzed chemical transformations powered by renewable electricity are emerging successor technologies that have the potential to replace fossil fuels without sacrificing the wellbeing of humans. We highlighted the technical, economic, and societal advantages and drawbacks of short- to medium-term decarbonization solutions to gauge their practicability, economic feasibility, and likelihood for widespread acceptance on a global scale. We detailed catalysis solutions that enhance sustainability, along with strategies for catalyst and process development, frontiers, challenges, and limitations, and emphasized the need for planetary stewardship. Electrocatalytic processes enable the production of solar fuels and commodity chemicals that address universal issues of the water, energy and food security nexus, clothing, the building sector, heating and cooling, transportation, information and communication technology, chemicals, consumer goods and services, and healthcare, toward providing global resource security and sustainability and enhancing environmental and social justice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teona Taseska
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, 14627 Rochester, NY USA
| | - Wanqing Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, 14627 Rochester, NY USA
| | | | - Connor P. Cox
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, 14627 Rochester, NY USA
| | - Ziyi Meng
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, 14627 Rochester, NY USA
| | - Soraya S. Ngarnim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 14627 Rochester, NY USA
| | - Astrid M. Müller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, 14627 Rochester, NY USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, 14627 Rochester, NY USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 14627 Rochester, NY USA
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28
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Alaedini AH, Tourani HK, Saidi M. A review of waste-to-hydrogen conversion technologies for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) applications: Aspect of gasification process and catalyst development. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 329:117077. [PMID: 36565498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the twenty-first century, there has been an increase in energy demand and waste production, due to the rising population of the world. One good approach for satisfying the energy demand and overcoming the waste management issues is to convert waste to energy. Additionally, using waste biomass as the feedstock of waste-to-energy (WtE) conversion methods makes them renewable and green and also helps the environmental challenges and reduces the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Gasification is a thermochemical WtE route, which can produce hydrogen-rich gaseous biofuel called synthetic gas (syngas), from wastes. In this paper, different aspects of gasification process are reviewed with greater focus on catalyst usage. Syngas processing steps, which increase the quality and H2 content of the syngas to form bio-hydrogen, are discussed. Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology is one of the most promising techniques of renewable energy production due to their environmental cleanness characteristics and high efficiencies. Thus, one of the best ways to exploit the energy content of the bio-hydrogen product of gasification is to employ it in a SOFC. Therefore, waste biomass gasification process can be integrated with SOFCs to build high efficiency systems for production of clean and renewable energy from waste, which are called integrated gasification fuel cell (IGFC) systems. These systems provide the opportunity of further upgrading of syngas inside the SOFC. In this paper, we are going to briefly discuss fuel cell technology (especially SOFCs) and review SOFC applications from the aspect of integration with gasification process (IGFC system). Finally, the impacts and issues of gasification process and SOFC technology are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Alaedini
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Majid Saidi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran.
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29
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Meng Q, Pang N, Zhao S, Gao J. Two-stage optimal site selection for waste-to-energy plant using single-valued neutrosophic sets and geographic information system based multi-criteria decision-making approach: A case study of Beijing, China. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 156:283-296. [PMID: 36195505 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Waste-to-energy (WtE) plant has been attached great importance by more and more countries because of the harmless, energy reducing and recycling characteristics, and has become an important part of the city's normal operation and energy structure. Whereas, the reasonable site selection of the WtE plant is the key to ensure its sustainable development. This paper is designed to provide a two-stage model for the site selection of WtE plants. Firstly, a comprehensive assessment criteria system including environmental, economic, technical and social factors is established by selecting the reasonable influence criterias from the current relevant literature. Considering the fuzziness of the criteria and the bounded knowledge of decision makers, the single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs) are introduced to describe the fuzzy information, andcreatively combined with decision-making and trial evaluation laboratory-analytical network process (DANP) method to determine the influence grades of criterias and calculate the weights. After that, the relevant geographic information layers are collected and the preliminary alternatives are obtained by Geographic information system (GIS) from an overall perspective, then the extend evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS) method is utilized to rank the alternatives under the SVNSs environment. Finally, the model is tested to select the optimal alternative for siting the WtE plants in Beijing as an example. It is verified that the model is of great stability and feasibility by sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis. The result shows that this paper can provide a new theoretical basis for the planning of WtE plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichen Meng
- School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of New Energy and Low-Carbon Development (North China Electric Power University), Changping, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Nansheng Pang
- School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of New Energy and Low-Carbon Development (North China Electric Power University), Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Siyang Zhao
- School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of New Energy and Low-Carbon Development (North China Electric Power University), Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jianwei Gao
- School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of New Energy and Low-Carbon Development (North China Electric Power University), Changping, Beijing 102206, China
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30
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Bai X, Tian H, Zhu C, Luo L, Hao Y, Liu S, Guo Z, Lv Y, Chen D, Chu B, Wang S, Hao J. Present Knowledge and Future Perspectives of Atmospheric Emission Inventories of Toxic Trace Elements: A Critical Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1551-1567. [PMID: 36661479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Toxic trace elements (TEs) can pose serious risks to ecosystems and human health. However, a comprehensive understanding of atmospheric emission inventories for several concerning TEs has not yet been developed. In this study, we systematically reviewed the status and progress of existing research in developing atmospheric emission inventories of TEs focusing on global, regional, and sectoral scales. Multiple studies have strengthened our understanding of the global emission of TEs, despite attention being mainly focused on Hg and source classification in different studies showing large discrepancies. In contrast to those of developed countries and regions, the officially published emission inventory is still lacking in developing countries, despite the fact that studies on evaluating the emissions of TEs on a national scale or one specific source category have been numerous in recent years. Additionally, emissions of TEs emitted from waste incineration and traffic-related sources have produced growing concern with worldwide rapid urbanization. Although several studies attempt to estimate the emissions of TEs based on PM emissions and its source-specific chemical profiles, the emission factor approach is still the universal method. We call for more extensive and in-depth studies to establish a precise localization national emission inventory of TEs based on adequate field measurements and comprehensive investigation to reduce uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Bai
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hezhong Tian
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chuanyong Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Lining Luo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yan Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuhan Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhihui Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yunqian Lv
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dongxue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Biwu Chu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jiming Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100875, China
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31
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Ma W, Cui J, Abdoulaye B, Wang Y, Du H, Bourtsalas AC, Chen G. Air Pollutant Emission Inventory of Waste-to-Energy Plants in China and Prediction by the Artificial Neural Network Approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:874-883. [PMID: 36172640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The waste-to-energy (WTE) plant has been deployed in 205 cities in China. However, it always faces public resistance to be built because of the great concerns on flue gas pollutants (FGPs). There are limited studies on the socioeconomic heterogeneity analysis and prediction models of WTE capacity/ FGP emission inventories (EIs) based on big data. In this study, the incinerator level emission factors (EFs) in 2020 of PM, SO2, NOx, CO, HCl, dioxins, Hg, Cd + Tl, and Sb + As+ Pb + Cr + Co + Cu + Mn + Ni were calculated based on 322,926 monitoring values of all the 481 WTE plants (1140 processing lines) operating in China, with uncertainties in the range of ±34.70%. The EFs were significantly 45-96% lower than the national standard (GB18485-2014) and had negative relationships with local socioeconomic elements, while WTE capacity and FGP EIs had significantly positive correlations. Gross domestic product, area of built district, and municipal solid waste generation were the main driving forces of WTE capacity. The WTE capacity increased by 150% from 2015 to 2020, while the total emission of PM, SO2, CO, dioxins, Hg, and Sb + As + Pb + Cr + Co + Cu + Mn + Ni decreased by 42.46-88.24%. The artificial neural network models were established to predict WTE capacity and FGP EIs in the city level, with the mean square errors ranging from 0.003 to 0.19 within the model validation limits. This study provides data and model support for the formulation of appropriate WTE plans and a pollutant emission control scheme in different economic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy (MoE)/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass-wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Earth Engineering Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jicui Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy (MoE)/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass-wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Boré Abdoulaye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy (MoE)/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass-wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy (MoE)/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass-wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Huibin Du
- College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | | | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy (MoE)/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass-wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850012, China
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32
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Lin K, Zhao Y, Wang L, Shi W, Cui F, Zhou T. MSWNet: A visual deep machine learning method adopting transfer learning based upon ResNet 50 for municipal solid waste sorting. FRONTIERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2023; 17:77. [PMID: 36628171 PMCID: PMC9815674 DOI: 10.1007/s11783-023-1677-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED An intelligent and efficient methodology is needed owning to the continuous increase of global municipal solid waste (MSW). This is because the common methods of manual and semi-mechanical screenings not only consume large amount of manpower and material resources but also accelerate virus community transmission. As the categories of MSW are diverse considering their compositions, chemical reactions, and processing procedures, etc., resulting in low efficiencies in MSW sorting using the traditional methods. Deep machine learning can help MSW sorting becoming into a smarter and more efficient mode. This study for the first time applied MSWNet in MSW sorting, a ResNet-50 with transfer learning. The method of cyclical learning rate was taken to avoid blind finding, and tests were repeated until accidentally encountering a good value. Measures of visualization were also considered to make the MSWNet model more transparent and accountable. Results showed transfer learning enhanced the efficiency of training time (from 741 s to 598.5 s), and improved the accuracy of recognition performance (from 88.50% to 93.50%); MSWNet showed a better performance in MSW classsification in terms of sensitivity (93.50%), precision (93.40%), F1-score (93.40%), accuracy (93.50%) and AUC (92.00%). The findings of this study can be taken as a reference for building the model MSW classification by deep learning, quantifying a suitable learning rate, and changing the data from high dimensions to two dimensions. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s11783-023-1677-1 and is accessible for authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunsen Lin
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Youcai Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Lina Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, 202150 China
| | - Wenjie Shi
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Feifei Cui
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 China
| | - Tao Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092 China
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Dan Z, Che Y, Wang X, Zhou P, Han Z, Bu D, Lu X, Ma W, Chen G. Environmental, economic, and energy analysis of municipal solid waste incineration under anoxic environment in Tibet Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114681. [PMID: 36328220 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The first Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plant in Lhasa, Tibet, the plateau region of China, started its operation in 2018. Considering the elevation and extreme climate (low pressure and low oxygen content) in Tibet, noticeable differences may be envisaged compared to MSWI elsewhere. The aim of this study is to evaluate the environmental impacts, economic benefits, and energy efficiency of this MSWI project with three representative MSWI case in plain region using Life cycle assessment (LCA), Cost-benefit analysis (CBA), and energy analysis methods. The result showed that enhancing blast volume and cross-sectional area of the boiler help adapt to the oxygen-deficient environment. GaBi model was employed based on the CML 2001 methodology to perform LCA. LCA shows that the Lhasa MSWI project has lower positive environment impacts than the projects in plain region. More attention is needed for the deficiencies in flue gas emissions of MSWI in the plateau region. CBA shows that the payback period is 11.97 years and the internal rate of return is 8.75%. The energy analysis indicates that the boiler energy efficiency is up to 81.92%. MSWI subject to minor changes seems suitable to Tibetan plateau, and can be deployed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Dan
- School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850012, China.
| | - Yuechi Che
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xutong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850012, China
| | - Zhiyong Han
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Duo Bu
- School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850012, China
| | - Xuebin Lu
- School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850012, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wenchao Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850012, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; School of Mechnical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China.
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Wu X, Zhang D, Chen Y, Shen J, Li X, Zheng Q, Ma J, Xu J, Rao M, Liu X, Lu S. Organophosphate ester exposure among Chinese waste incinerator workers: Urinary levels, risk assessment and associations with oxidative stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158808. [PMID: 36115409 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs), which are frequently used as flame retardants and plasticizers in versatile products, are readily released to the external environment. Although workers at municipal waste incineration plants may be extensively exposed to OPEs, only scarce health monitoring and risk assessments have been conducted in this population. In this study, we investigated the levels of eight metabolites of organophosphate esters (mOPEs) and the oxidative stress marker 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in urine samples from 73 waste incinerator workers and 97 general residents from Shenzhen, China between September 2016 and June 2017. The overall detection rate of mOPEs was 82.2 %-100 %, and higher concentrations of di-p-cresyl phosphate and chlorinated mOPEs [bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP), bis(1-chloro-2propyl) phosphate (BCIPP), bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate) (BDCIPP)] were found among incinerator workers than among general residents. The incinerator workers also showed significantly higher levels of 8-OHdG than general residents, but the measured levels of most mOPEs were not significantly correlated with the level of 8-OHdG; this may be because co-exposure to multiple toxic compounds can lead to oxidative stress. Risk assessment using Monte Carlo simulations revealed that 95 % of the incinerator workers were free from non-carcinogenic effects due to OPEs exposure (hazard index = 0.27, 95 % CI: 0.09, 0.77). However, the carcinogenic risk of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) for incinerator workers was between 10-6 and 10-4. These results indicate that incinerator workers are extensively exposed to OPEs, and better protective measures need to be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Wu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518106, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518106, China
| | - Yining Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518106, China
| | - Junchun Shen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518106, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518106, China
| | - Quanzhi Zheng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518106, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ma
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518106, China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518106, China
| | - Manting Rao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518106, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518106, China.
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Ju J, Liu K, Liu F. Prediction of SO 2 Concentration Based on AR-LSTM Neural Network. Neural Process Lett 2022; 55:1-19. [PMID: 36590992 PMCID: PMC9789735 DOI: 10.1007/s11063-022-11119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sulphur dioxide is one of the most common air pollutants, forming acid rain and other harmful substances in the atmosphere, which can further damage our ecosystem and cause respiratory diseases in humans. Therefore, it is essential to monitor the concentration of sulphur dioxide produced in industrial processes in real-time to predict the concentration of sulphur dioxide emissions in the next few hours or days and to control them in advance. To address this problem, we propose an AR-LSTM analytical forecasting model based on ARIMA and LSTM. Based on the sensor's time series data set, we preprocess the data set and then carry out the modeling and analysis work. We analyze and predict the proposed analysis and prediction model in two data sets and conduct comparative experiments with other comparison models based on the three evaluation indicators of R2, RMSE and MAE. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the AR-LSTM analytical prediction model; Finally, a forecasting exercise was carried out for emissions in the coming weeks using our proposed AR-LSTM analytical forecasting model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ju
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358 China
| | - Ke’nan Liu
- Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang’ai Liu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358 China
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36
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Wei J, Li H, Liu J, Zhong R. National and provincial dioxin emissions from municipal solid waste incineration in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158128. [PMID: 35987242 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
China presently lacks an up-to-date regional inventory of dioxin emissions from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), although MSWI has grown rapidly in recent decades. Based on dioxin concentrations from the official website for governments and enterprises, we created an inventory of dioxin emissions from 29 areas in mainland China. MSWI released a total of 22.56 g I-TEQ of dioxins in 2020. According to Monte Carlo simulation, the dioxin emissions with 95 %, 75 %, and 50 % certainty are 17.03-31.62, 19.24-27.71, and 20.43-25.96 g I-TEQ, respectively. Notably, Guangdong, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu provinces accounted for 38.8 %. The primary regions with considerable dioxin emission per capita and density are Zhejiang and Shanghai. Furthermore, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces are the top two regions in terms of dioxin emissions per unit of billion gross domestic product. These indicators were affected significantly by the quantity of MSW generated and incinerated (MSWGI), capacity and operating years of incinerators, and degrees of air pollution control devices (APCDs). Dioxin emission factors (EFs) were about 100 times lower in 2020 than in 2004. Note, however, that there is a gap in dioxin EFs between China and European nations. We have proposed that MSW source classification, stable operation conditions of incinerators and APCDs, categories of incinerators selection, and technological upgrading should be China's major measures to curb dioxin emissions. Moreover, with the future increment in the quantity of MSWGI, it is essential to completely reinvent the dioxin monitoring program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiao Wei
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Huan Li
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Rigang Zhong
- Engineering Research Center for Energy and Environment of Chongqing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Shenzhen Energy Environment, Co., LTD, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
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37
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He H, Yang B, Wu D, Gao X, Fei X. Applications of crushing and grinding-based treatments for typical metal-containing solid wastes: Detoxification and resource recovery potentials. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120034. [PMID: 36030964 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal-containing solid wastes can induce serious environmental pollution if managed improperly, but contain considerable resources. The detoxification and resource recoveries of these wastes are of both environmental and economic significances, being indispensable for circular economy. In the past decades, attempts have been made worldwide to treat these wastes. Crushing and grinding-based treatments have been increasingly applied, the operating apparatus and parameters of which depend on the waste type and treatment purpose. Based on the relevant studies, the applications of crushing and grinding on four major types of solid wastes, namely spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) cathode, waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs), incineration bottom ash (IBA), and incineration fly ash (IFA) are here systematically reviewed. These types of solid wastes are generated in increasing amounts, and have the potentials to release various organic and inorganic pollutants. Despite of the widely different texture, composition, and other physicochemical properties of the solid wastes, crushing and grinding have been demonstrated to be universally applicable. For each of the four wastes, the technical route that involving crushing and grinding is described with the advantages highlighted. The crushing and grinding serve either mainstream or auxiliary role in the processing of the solid wastes. This review summarizes and highlights the developments and future directions of crushing and grinding-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Deli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Xunchang Fei
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, 637141, Singapore.
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Khan MS, Mubeen I, Caimeng Y, Zhu G, Khalid A, Yan M. Waste to energy incineration technology: Recent development under climate change scenarios. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2022; 40:1708-1729. [PMID: 35719093 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221105411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the huge generation of municipal solid waste (MSW), proper management and disposal of MSW is a worldwide challenge for sustainable development of cities and high quality of citizens life. Although different disposal ways are available, incineration is a leading harmless approach to effectively recover energy among the applied technologies. The purpose of the present review paper is to detail the discussion of evolution of waste to energy incineration and specifically to highlight the currently used and advanced incineration technologies, including combined incineration with other energy, for instance, hydrogen production, coal and solar energy. In addition, the environmental performance is discussed, including the zero waste emission, leachate and fly ash treatment, climate change contribution and public behaviour. Finally, challenges, opportunities and business model are addressed. Trends and perspectives on policies and techno-economic aspects are also discussed in this review. Different simulation tools, which can be used for the thermodynamic assessment of incineration plants, are debated; life-cycle inventory emissions and most critical environmental impacts of such plants are evaluated by life-cycle analysis. This review shows that waste incineration with energy yield is advantageous to handle waste problems and it affects climate change positively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajid Khan
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Ishrat Mubeen
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Caimeng
- Zhejiang Zheneng Xingyuan Energy Saving Technology Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gaojun Zhu
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Azeem Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mi Yan
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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39
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Wang N, Zhang Y, Li L, Wang H, Zhao Y, Wu G, Li M, Zhou Z, Wang X, Yu JZ, Zhou Y. Ambient particle characteristics by single particle aerosol mass spectrometry at a coastal site in Hong Kong: a case study affected by the sea-land breeze. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14116. [PMID: 36325180 PMCID: PMC9620973 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The sea-land breeze (SLB) circulation plays a vital role in the transport of atmospheric pollutants in coastal cities. In this study, a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) and combined bulk aerosol instruments were deployed to investigate the ambient particle characteristic at a suburban coastal site in Hong Kong from February 22 to March 10, 2013. Significant SLB circulations were captured from March 6-10, 2013, during the campaign. During the SLB periods, air quality worsened, with PM2.5 concentrations reaching a peak of 55.6 μg m-3 and an average value of 42.8 ± 4.5 μg m-3. A total of 235,894 particles were measured during the SLB stage. Eight major sources were identified by investigating the mixing states of the total particles, including the coal-burning related particles (48.1%), biomass burning particles (6.7%), vehicle emission-related particles (16.4%), sea salt (9.2%), ship emission particles (2.7%), dust/steeling industries (3.7%), waste incineration (6.3%), and road dust (3.9%). It was noteworthy that the PM2.5 concentrations and particle numbers increased sharply during the transition of land wind to the sea breeze. Meanwhile, the continental sourced pollutants recirculated back to land resulting in a cumulative increase in pollutants. Both individual and bulk measurements support the above results, with high contributions from coal burning, biomass burning, bulk K+, and NO3 -, which were probably from the regional transportation from the nearby area. In contrast, the ship and vehicle emissions increased during the SLB period, with a high sulfate concentration partially originating from the ship emission. In this study, field evidence of continental-source pollutants backflow to land with the evolution of sea breeze was observed and helped our current understanding of the effect of SLB on air quality in the coastal city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Wang
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanjing Zhang
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment Safety and Pollution Control, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Houwen Wang
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Yunhui Zhao
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Guanru Wu
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment Safety and Pollution Control, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment Safety and Pollution Control, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Zhen Yu
- Division of Environment, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong,Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yang Zhou
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
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40
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Methods for Natural and Synthetic Polymers Recovery from Textile Waste. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14193939. [PMID: 36235887 PMCID: PMC9572039 DOI: 10.3390/polym14193939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trends in the textile industry show a continuous increase in the production and sale of textile materials, which in turn generates a huge amount of discarded clothing every year. This has a negative impact on the environment, on one side, by consuming resources—some of them non-renewables (to produce synthetic polymers)—and on the other side, by polluting the environment through the emission of GHGs (greenhouse gases), the generation of microplastics, and the release of toxic chemicals in the environment (dyes, chemical reagents, etc.). When natural polymers (e.g., cellulose, protein fibers) are used for the manufacturing of clothes, the negative impact is transferred to soil pollution (e.g., by using pesticides, fertilizers). In addition, for the manufacture of clothes from natural fibers, large amounts of water are consumed for irrigation. According to the European Environment Agency (EEA), the consumption of clothing is expected to increase by 63%, from 62 million tonnes in 2019 to 102 million tonnes in 2030. The current article aims to review the latest technologies that are suitable for better disposal of large quantities of textile waste.
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Wei J, Li H, Liu J. Curbing dioxin emissions from municipal solid waste incineration: China's action and global share. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:129076. [PMID: 35650750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
China generates the world's second-largest amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) and incinerates the largest quantity of MSW. However, data on the latest dioxin emissions from MSW incineration (MSWI) and the related global share were lacking. In the context of MSW classification, distinguishing the long-term MSW generation and incineration quantity, and dioxin emissions was necessary for macro-control and policy-making by the Chinese Government. By considering population size and GDP per capita, China's MSW generation toward 2050 was projected based on Monte Carlo simulation. Moreover, dioxin emission factors were also assumed based on the diffusion rate of four grades of air pollution control devices (APCDs). Finally, we show that the quantity of China's MSW generation in 2050 will be 363.50 million tonnes (Mt) with 341.06-382.45 Mt of 75% certainty. China's dioxin emissions from MSWI were approximately 15.46 g I-TEQ in 2019, which accounted for 26.1% of total emissions from global MSWI. We discuss dioxin emission reduction scenarios depending on MSW diversion and APCD upgrades. China's dioxin emissions will be 70.38 g I-TEQ for the business-as-usual scenario, and the dioxin emissions will be 9.29 g I-TEQ (within the range of 8.88-9.64 g I-TEQ) for the optimal scenario in 2050. Moreover, in 2050, the APCD diffusion rate will account for 98.8% of the sensitivity of dioxin emissions from China's MSWI. According to the assumed scenarios, there is a dioxin emission reduction potential of 18.6% and 86.8% in 2050 by MSW diversion alone and maximum APCD upgrades combined with food waste diversion, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiao Wei
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huan Li
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Rathore P, Chakraborty S, Gupta M, Sarmah SP. Towards a sustainable organic waste supply chain: A comparison of centralized and decentralized systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 315:115141. [PMID: 35525041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Proper disposal of Municipal Solid (MSW) waste is an important issue as it causes land, air, and water pollution. Organic MSW provides a habitat environment to insects and often it spreads dangerous diseases. Major reasons identified behind this as the non-separation of MSW at the source and lack of facilities (bins) in the appropriate place for collection of wastes. The present study has proposed an integrated three-stage model to provide a solution to the problem of (i) allocation of the bin for waste collection, (ii) allocation and comparison of centralized and decentralized composting plants, and finally, (iii) vehicle routing for waste collection. The proposed generic model is applied to an Indian city, Bilaspur located in the state of Chhattisgarh. From the results, it is observed that the first stage model provides an optimal number of bins required and allocation of it at minimum cost. Taking it as input for the second stage model, it identifies the best locations for centralized and decentralized composting plants. The result also reveals that decentralized composting plants are more economical than centralized plants. Finally, the third stage of the model identifies the vehicle routing for the waste collection considering both centralized and decentralized plants to minimize the cost. Further, sensitivity analysis is carried out on collection rate and participation percentage parameters to draw additional insights for better management of MSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Rathore
- School of Business, Woxsen University, Hyderabad, 502345, India.
| | - Sayan Chakraborty
- ICFAI Business School Hyderabad, ICFAI Foundation for Higher Education, Hyderabad, 501203, India.
| | - Mihir Gupta
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - S P Sarmah
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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Screening of Potential Additives for Alleviating Slagging and Fouling during MSW Incineration: Thermodynamic Analysis and Experimental Evaluation. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13081163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The formation of slagging and fouling during municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration not only significantly affects heat transfer, but also results in shortened operating cycles. In order to solve the issues, the effect of different additives on the migration and transformation patterns of alkali/alkaline earth metals (AAEM) and chlorine during MSW incineration is screened based on the Gibbs energy minimization method. The effect of potential additives on the ash fusion temperature and combustion reactivity of MSW char is subsequently verified and evaluated by experimental methods. The thermodynamic equilibrium analysis shows that Al(NO3)3, Ca(NO3)2, and Mg(NO3)2 have great potential to increase the ash fusion temperature. The experimental investigation confirms that the addition of Al(NO3)3, Ca(NO3)2, and Mg(NO3)2 significantly increases the ash fusion temperature. The order of increasing the ash fusion temperature by different additives is Mg(NO3)2 > Ca(NO3)2 > Al(NO3)3. The addition of Mg(NO3)2 significantly increased the initial deformation temperature, softening temperature, hemispheric temperature, and flow temperature of ash from 1180, 1190, 1200, and 1240 °C to 1220, 1230, 1240, and 1260 °C, respectively. The addition of Cu(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, and KMnO4 significantly decreases the temperature at the maximum weight loss rate of MSW char, while increasing the maximum weight loss rate. Additionally, Cu(NO3)2 shows the best performance in improving the combustion reactivity of MSW char. The addition of Cu(NO3)2 evidently increases the maximum weight loss rate from 0.49 to 0.54% °C−1. Therefore, it is concluded that Mg(NO3)2 and Cu(NO3)2 are supposed to be the most potential candidates for efficient additives. This study presents an efficient and economical method to screen potential additives for alleviating slagging and fouling during MSW incineration.
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Fu Z, Lin S, Tian H, Hao Y, Wu B, Liu S, Luo L, Bai X, Guo Z, Lv Y. A comprehensive emission inventory of hazardous air pollutants from municipal solid waste incineration in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:154212. [PMID: 35245558 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) released from increasing municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plants have drawn great concerns in China. However, a full picture of their emission characteristics is still urgently needed, especially after the implementation of stricter emission limits on MSWI. In this study, a comprehensive historical emission inventory of HAPs emitted from MSWI plants in China during the period of 2006-2017 was dedicatedly established by integrating with detailed plant-level activity data and renewed localized emission factors. Overall, HAPs emissions initially increased with years, then peaked or slowed increase in the year 2014, but leveled off after 2016 due to the gradually and fully implementing of newly revised national emission standard (GB18485-2014) applied to mainland China and much stricter local standards for several provinces and cities. It was estimated that totally 50,716 tons (t) of NOx, 13,026 t of CO, 7988 t of SO2, 4399 t of PM, 1943 t of HCl, 9916 kg of Pb, 5901 kg of Mn, 4805 kg of Cu, 3574 kg of Cr, 3329 kg of Ni, 2154 kg of Hg, 1168 kg of Cd, 862 kg of As, 409 kg of Co, 216 kg of Sb, 13 kg of Tl, and 19 g toxic equivalent quantity of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans were emitted from 337 MSWI plants scattered in 30 provinces of mainland China in 2017, respectively. HAPs emissions were heavily concentrated in developed coastal provinces and cities. Scenario analysis highlighted the importance of continuous improvement and upgrade on advanced air pollution control devices and MSWI management to meet the future ultra-low emission limits and minimize the harmful impacts of HAPs on atmospheric environment and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Fu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shumin Lin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hezhong Tian
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yan Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bobo Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuhan Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lining Luo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Bai
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhihui Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yunqian Lv
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Zhao XY, Yang JY, Ning N, Yang ZS. Chemical stabilization of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:40384-40402. [PMID: 35338465 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient attention should be attached to the large amount of fly ash containing high levels of toxic heavy metals generated after municipal solid waste incineration. Because heavy metals could be leached out of the fly ash under specific conditions, it is necessary to stabilize the heavy metals in fly ash before landfill disposal. Processing technologies of incineration fly ash include solidification/stabilization technology, thermal treatments, and separation processes. This study reviewed the current treatment technologies of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash, with the main focus on the treatment of heavy metals in fly ash with chemical stabilization. Chemical stabilization processes involve chemical precipitation of heavy metal and chelation of heavy metals. In multiple studies, chemical stabilization technology has shown practical feasibility in terms of technology, economy, and effect. In addition, the combination of two or more stabilization agents broadens the general applicability of the agents to heavy metals and reduces the cost. The application of joint processing technology realizes the remove of soluble salt from fly ash. To minimize pollutants while increase their usable value, effective use of waste and co-disposal of several kinds of wastes have gradually become the research hotspots. New developments in chemical stabilization are progressively moving towards the sustainable direction of harmlessness and resource utilization of MSWI fly ash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Zhao
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Yan Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ning Ning
- Chengdu Winna Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Shan Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
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Pilot Study on Removal Characteristics of Multiple Pollutants by the Dual Baghouse Filter System. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15103728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A 1000 Nm3/h capacity pilot scale dual baghouse filter system was tested on flue gas and fly ash from a municipal solid waste incinerator, and the removal efficiency of dioxins, heavy metals and HCl was studied. Activated carbon was injected at the inlet of the first baghouse filter to remove the gas phase dioxins and heavy metals, and baking soda was injected at the inlet of the second baghouse filter to remove HCl. Concentrations of dioxins at the outlet of the first and second baghouse were 0.034 and 0.011 ng TEQ/Nm3, respectively, which were both far below the national emission standard. The particulate matter concentration was 0.85 mg/m3, and the heavy metals leaching concentration of the fly ash from the second baghouse filter was lower than the hazardous waste identification standard. HCl concentration was almost zero at the outlet of the second baghouse filter when the optimal equivalence ratio of baking soda to HCl was 1.6. In addition, the estimated fly ash yield was 2.35% of the incinerated solid waste for the dual baghouse filter system, which was significantly lower than 3.5% as the traditional semidry scrubber + single baghouse filter.
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Herrador M, de Jong W, Nasu K, Granrath L. Circular economy and zero-carbon strategies between Japan and South Korea: A comparative study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153274. [PMID: 35074380 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The global population is increasing, as is the demand for basic materials. At the same time, key resources are in short supply, and the extraction and use of raw materials have major environmental implications, for instance, increased CO2 emission. In a Circular Economy (CE), resources and products are divided, leased, reused, repaired, refurbished, and recycled, extending product life cycles, reducing waste, and generating additional value. Government entities in Japan and South Korea are designing and implementing policies to facilitate the transition to a CE and achieve carbon neutrality. The paper compares Japanese policies and actions with those of South Korea, identifies challenges and options for improvements in each country, and lessons that they can share. The paper reviews CE and low carbon policies in the two countries and compares how those, but also public interest and initiatives differ between them. It provides recommendations to address observed shortcomings and capture opportunities to connect CE and zero-carbon strategies. The article is expected to interest Japanese and South Korean policy-makers, companies, and academics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Herrador
- Polytechnic School of Jaen, University of Jaen, Campus las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaen, Spain.
| | - Wil de Jong
- University of Kyoto, 46 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida Sakyo-ku, 606-8501 Kyoto, Japan; Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun St, 100872 Beijing, China
| | - Kiyokazu Nasu
- Circle Design Co., Ltd., 3-30-10-2F Matsubara Setagaya-ku, 156-0043 Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Lorenz Granrath
- Tohoku University, Smart Aging Research Centre, 4-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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Xia H, Tang J, Aljerf L. Dioxin emission prediction based on improved deep forest regression for municipal solid waste incineration process. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133716. [PMID: 35077736 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dioxin (DXN) emission concentration is an important environmental indicator in the municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) process. The prediction model of DXN emission can be used for pollution control to realize actual requirements of operation optimization. Therefore, a DXN emission concentration prediction model based on improved deep forest regression (ImDFR) is proposed in this study. A feature reduction layer based on out-of-bagging error is first introduced into the ImDFR to eliminate redundant variables and feed all confidence information on DXN emission into the feature enhancement layer of the MSWI process. A deep ensemble stacking model is subsequently built to depict deep features and increase diversity and accuracy using random forests, completely random forests, GBDT, and XGBoost as subforests. Finally, the predicted value of the DXN prediction model is determined in the decision layer. The DXN emission prediction model is verified using actual historical data of two incinerators operated with a daily processing capacity of 800 tons. The experimental results showed that the proposed prediction model presents higher accuracy and better generalization ability than state-of-the-art models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Xia
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China; Beijing Laboratory of Smart Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China; Beijing Laboratory of Smart Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Loai Aljerf
- Key Laboratory of Organic Industries, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
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Waste to Energy in Developing Countries—A Rapid Review: Opportunities, Challenges, and Policies in Selected Countries of Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia towards Sustainability. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14073740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Daily per capita waste generation will increase by 40% and 19%, for developing and developed countries by 2050, respectively. The World Bank estimates that total waste generation is going to triple in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and double in South Asia (SA) by 2050. This article conducts a rapid review and aims to demonstrate the current waste management scenario and the potential of waste to energy generation in the developing world, focusing on SSA and SA. Although many review articles related to waste to energy (WtE) in developing countries are available in the literature, a rapid review particularly focusing on countries in SSA and SA is rarely seen. An analysis of different WtE generation technologies, and current waste management practices in developing countries in SSA and SA are also presented. The analysis shows that about three-fourths of waste is openly dumped in developing countries of SSA and SA. In terms of waste composition, on average, about 48.70% and 51.16% of waste generated in developing economies of SSA and SA are organic. Opportunities to convert this waste into energy for developing countries are highlighted, with a case study of Bangladesh, a country in SA. Major challenges regarding the waste to energy (WtE) projects in the developing world are found to be the composition of waste, absence of waste separation scheme at source, ineffective waste collection method, lack of suitable WtE generation technology in place, lack of financial support and policies related to a WtE project, and absence of coordination between different governmental institutions.
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Shen W, Zhu N, Xi Y, Huang J, Li F, Wu P, Dang Z. Effects of medical waste incineration fly ash on the promotion of heavy metal chlorination volatilization from incineration residues. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:128037. [PMID: 34906873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High contents of heavy metals and Cl are major challenges for incineration residue disposal. Classification by the Chinese government and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic have changed the characteristics of incineration residues, thereby increasing the difficulty of disposal. In this study, medical waste incineration fly ash (MWI FA) was proposed as an additive to promote chlorination volatilization of heavy metals from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) and medical waste incineration slag (MWI S). When the mixing ratio of MWI FA to MSWI FA was 1:3, the chlorination volatilization efficiencies of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd at 1000 °C for 60 min were 50.2%, 99.4%, 99.7%, and 97.9%, respectively. When MWI FA was mixed with MWI S at a ratio of 1:1, the chlorination volatilization efficiencies of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd at 1200 °C for 40 min were 88.9%, 99.7%, 97.3%, and 100%, respectively. Adding MWI FA can replenish Cl in MSWI FA and MWI S while increasing the surface area and forming pore structures by sublimation of NaCl and decomposition of CaSO4, or can reduce the melting point and viscosity by Na2O destroying the glass matrix. Therefore, MWI FA can be co-disposed with MSWI FA and MWI S respectively to enhance the chlorination volatilization of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Shen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Nengwu Zhu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Yunhao Xi
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Junlin Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Pingxiao Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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