1
|
Qi W, Geng C, Zhu F, Zhang C, Du B, Ji Y, Wang F, Zhang S, Liu J. Complementary vitrification of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash from grate furnaces and fluidised bed incinerators via a co-reduction process. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 184:92-100. [PMID: 38805759 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The increasing application of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) emphasises the need for MSWI fly ash (FA) safe treatment. Based on the compositional complementarity of FA from grate furnaces (G-FA) and fluidised bed incinerators (F-FA), we proposed a co-reduction process to treat G-FA and F-FA together for producing vitrified slag and ferroalloys. The clean vitrified slag and Fe-Cr-Ni-Cu alloy were obtained with the mass ratios of 1:9 ∼ 6:4 (G-FA:F-FA) at 1300℃, which is about 300℃ lower than the conventional G-FA vitrification. The metals Zn, Cd, and Pb were mostly volatilised into the flue gas for potential recovery from the secondary FA. The thermodynamic SiO2-Al2O3-CaO ternary system demonstrated that an optimal mass ratio of the two complementary FA types contributes to the system shifting to the low-temperature melting zone. The co-reduction process of G-FA and F-FA could be a promising option for FA beneficial reutilization with environmental advantages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Qi
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Chao Geng
- School of Civil Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bing Du
- Beijing Capital Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., First Branch, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Shizhao Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Peceño B, Luna-Galiano Y, Varela F, Alonso-Fariñas B, Leiva C. Study of a Fire-Resistant Plate Containing Fly Ashes Generated from Municipal Waste Incinerator: Fire and Mechanical Characteristics and Environmental Life Cycle Assessment. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1813. [PMID: 38673170 PMCID: PMC11050783 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The recycling of fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration is currently a global issue. This work intends to examine the viability of a novel recycling alternative for fly ashes as a component of fire-resistant plates. To lessen the quantity of heavy metal leaching, the fly ash was utilized after being washed using a water/fly ash ratio of 2 for one hour. Subsequently, an inexpensive, straightforward molding and curing process was used to create a plate, with a composition of 60%wt of MSWI-FA, 30%wt of gypsum, 0.5%wt of glass fiber and 9.5%wt of vermiculite. The plate exhibited high fire resistance. Furthermore, it demonstrated compression, flexural strength and surface hardness slightly lower than the requirements of European Standards. This allows for manufacturing plates with a high washed MSWI-FA content as fire protection in firewalls and doors for homes and commercial buildings. A Life Cycle Assessment was carried out. The case study shows that a 60% substitution of gypsum resulted in an environmental impact reduction of 8-48% for all impact categories examined, except four categories impacts (marine eutrophication, human toxicity (cancer), human non-carcinogenic toxicity and water depletion, where it increased between 2 and 718 times), due to the previous washing of MSWI-FA. When these fly ashes are used as a raw material in fire-resistant materials, they may be recycled and offer environmental advantages over more conventional materials like gypsum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Peceño
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Escuela de Prevención de Riesgos y Medioambiente, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile; (B.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Yolanda Luna-Galiano
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain; (Y.L.-G.); (B.A.-F.)
| | - Fabiola Varela
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Escuela de Prevención de Riesgos y Medioambiente, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile; (B.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Bernabé Alonso-Fariñas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain; (Y.L.-G.); (B.A.-F.)
| | - Carlos Leiva
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain; (Y.L.-G.); (B.A.-F.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Y, Ma Z, Fang Z, Qian Y, Huang Z, Ye Y, Yan J. Research on oxygen enrichment for municipal solid waste fly ash melting: A pilot-scale study on natural gas and coal as the melting fuel. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 350:119459. [PMID: 38000269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
High energy consumption is the main obstacle of melting/vitrification technology for the disposal of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) for industrial applications. To reduce energy consumption and lower operating costs, oxygen enrichment melting was proposed and studied in this work. This research was conducted in a pilot-scale melting furnace, and three melting conditions were compared and discussed. The results showed that 66% of natural gas was saved and the operating cost was reduced by 55% when oxygen enrichment technology was applied to MSWIFA melting. When coal was used as the fuel with the oxygen enrichment melting technology, the operating cost was even lower at 66.39 dollar/ton of fly ash. Because MSWIFA was a Ca-rich material, the relatively high content of Si and Al in the coal fly ash promoted the formation of vitrificated slag, leading to a reduction in the overall pollution toxicity index (OPTI) of MSWIFA by 99.98%. Meanwhile, SO2, HCl, and secondary fly ash were the main pollutants during MSWIFA melting, and when coal was used as the fuel, the emissions of SO2 and HCl could be reduced and the OPTI of secondary fly ash was suppressed. These results suggested that to obtain the lowest operating cost and reduce secondary pollution during MSWIFA melting, the best option consisted of oxygen enrichment technology with coal as the fuel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yike Zhang
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China; State Key Laboratory of Energy Clean Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zengyi Ma
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China; State Key Laboratory of Energy Clean Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Zhuoting Fang
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Yuandong Qian
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Zhiping Huang
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Yilong Ye
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fan C, Wu Z, Wang B, Zheng W. Solidification of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash with alkali-activated technology. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119404. [PMID: 37924692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Alkali-activation is effective municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) solidification/stabilization (S/S) technology. Percolation and migration of heavy metals in MSWIFA S/S matrix is a complicated and slow process. Here, several alkali-activated MSWIFA samples are selected to comparatively investigate the long-term leaching behavior and environmental availability of Pb, Zn and Cd when exposed in different erosion environment. Acid environment posed the more serious destroy to MSWIFA S/S matrices. RAC demonstrated that potential risk level of heavy metals is higher in acid rain environment, and Cd, Zn showed the prominent risk. When soaked in acid rain solution, the surface of alkali-activated MSWIFA S/S matrices was cracked seriously and a large number of hardened slurry peeled off. However, more stable structural properties and lower heavy metal leachability can be found in alkali-activated MSWIFA/aluminosilicate. The immobilization efficiency of Pb, Zn and Cd were all above 99.0%. Microstructure and morphology results indicated that there is new phase Friedel's salts generated and much more amorphous substance such as C-(A)-S-H gel with incorporation of aluminosilicate, which all contributed much to the formation of compact and stable microstructure, then significantly facilitated the encapsulation of heavy metal. These findings will provide theoretical basis and new insight for resource utilization and security landfill of MSWIFA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Fan
- Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhenlin Wu
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrument Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Baomin Wang
- Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Weihao Zheng
- Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ma X, He T, Da Y, Xu Y, Wan Z. Physical properties, chemical composition, and toxicity leaching of incineration fly ash by multistage water washing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:80978-80987. [PMID: 37310603 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28170-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Incineration fly ash contains a large amount of chloride, which limits the scope of its resource utilization. Water washing effectively removes chlorides and soluble substances, increasing the ability to dispose of them. The properties of incineration fly ash after multi-level water washing have been studied, providing theoretical guidance for the safe disposal of water-washed ash at all levels. Taking a practical project as an example, this paper analyzed the impact of three-stage countercurrent water washing on the physicochemical properties and toxicity leaching of incineration fly ash with different washing grades by XRD, BET, XRF, SEM, and ICP-MS. The results showed that with the improvement of washing grade, the removal rate of chloride ions was more than 86.96%. However, due to the removal of soluble substances, dioxins enriched from 98 ng-TEQ/kg of raw ash to 359 ng-TEQ/kg of tertiary washed incineration fly ash. Cr, Cu, and Zn also increased from 40.35 mg/L, 356.55 mg/L, and 3290.58 mg/L of raw ash to 136.30 mg/L, 685.75 mg/L, and 5157.88 mg/L, respectively. Pozzolanic activity had increased from 40.56% of the raw ash to 74.12% of the tertiary-washed incineration fly ash. There was no risk of excessive heavy metal leaching, and the dioxin content was lower than the raw ash in the primary washed incineration fly ash. After multi-stage water washing, incineration fly ash accumulated heavy metals, so more attention must be paid to the issue of heavy metal content in the safe disposal process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an, 710055, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Tingshu He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an, 710055, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongqi Da
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an, 710055, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongdong Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an, 710055, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenmin Wan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an, 710055, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang T, Song D, Zhou L, Di Y, Zhang S, Tao H. Synergistic influence of diatomite and MoS 2 nanosheets on the self-alkali-activated cementation of the municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and mechanisms. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 161:166-177. [PMID: 36889123 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The solidification/stabilization technique recommended for the disposal of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ashes in developed countries was inappropriate for the treatment in most developing counterparts. In this study, the diatomite and MoS2 nanosheets were synergistically employed to activate the self-alkali-activated cementation of the MSWI fly ashes to achieve efficient solidification, the immobilization of heavy metals (HMs), and the inhibition of chloride release. The compressive strength of 28.61 MPa and the leaching toxicities (mg/L) of Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, and Cr of 2.26, 0.87, 0.5, 0.06, and 0.22 were obtained from the hardened mortars. Diatomite significantly influenced the self-alkali-activated cementation of the MSWI fly ashes while MoS2 nanosheets played both roles in intensifying the stabilization of HMs and strengthening the binding process by inducing the formation of sodalite and kaolinite, enhancing the growth rates of nucleation, and transforming the layered cementation to the partial and full three-dimensional cementation in the hardened matrix. This study not only verified the feasibility of diatomite and MoS2 in activating the self-alkali-activated cementation of the MSWI fly ashes but also supplied a reliable technique for the harmless disposal and efficient utilization of MSWI fly ashes in developing countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 215500, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Ceramic Materials, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China; School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China.
| | - Dongping Song
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 215500, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Ceramic Materials, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Lulu Zhou
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 215500, China
| | - YangYang Di
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 215500, China
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- School of resource environmental and safety engineering, University of South China, 421001, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Chongqing Water Affairs Group Co., Ltd., No. 1, Longjiawan, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400000, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu Q, Huang Q, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Wang Q, Khan MA, Che X, Li X, Bai Y, Su X, Lin L, Zhao Y, Chen Y, Wang J. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) was detected in MSWI plant: An investigation of DOM and potential toxic elements variation in the bottom ash and fly ash. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154339. [PMID: 35257758 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The content of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) were investigated in the bottom ash (BA) and fly ash (FA) of different sections of the municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plant. BA and FA were collected from the dry (BA1-BA2), burn (BA3-BA4), and burn-out (BA5) sections of the grate incinerator; FA was collected after denitration (DNFA), and from the deacidification tower (FA1) and bag-type dust remover (FA2), respectively. The DOM concentration in BA was higher than that in FA, the highest concentration was in BA3 (556.18 mg/kg), while the lowest concentration was in DNFA (17.53 mg/kg). DOM in BA was mainly composed of protein-like, fulvic-like, tryptophan-like, and humic-like substances, of which humic-like substances accounted for more than 40%. DOM in FA consisted of tryptophan-like and humic-like substances, of which humic-like substances accounted for more than 80%. DOM still existed in BA which may be related to the incomplete combustion, and the influence of microbes, while DOM was increased in FA1, which might be due to the addition of lime slurry. PTEs were analyzed by the Tessier extraction method, Fe-Mn hydroxide-bound fraction of PTEs increased in FA1 in which DOM concentration (137.22 mg/kg) was 7.83 times that in DNFA. The increase of DOM may lead to a higher risk of PTEs in FA. FTIR results indicated that DOM can bond to PTEs in BA and FA. The contents of humus-like substances in DOM were positively correlated with the effective fraction of As, Cu, Pb, Cr, and Cd. This paper investigated the risk of DOM existing in BA and FA in MSWI plant, which can provide a new perspective on how to deal with BA and FA, and reduce their environmental risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
| | - Youcai Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Muhammad Amjad Khan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Xuyang Che
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Hainan Inspection and Detection Center for Modern Agriculture, Haikou, Hainan 570100, China
| | - Yang Bai
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuesong Su
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Linyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ebert BAR, Kirkelund GM. Effects of Chlorides and Sulphates on Heavy Metal Leaching from Mortar with Raw and Electrodialytically Treated MSWI Fly Ash. WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION 2022; 13:2673-2688. [PMID: 35035628 PMCID: PMC8748181 DOI: 10.1007/s12649-022-01686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash could be used as supplementary cementitious material in cement-based materials. However, heavy metal leaching, such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn, both from the MSWI fly ash and cement-based materials containing MSWI fly ash, remains a persistent obstacle. Here, an up-scaled electrodialytic treatment was used as a pre-treatment to remove heavy metals from MSWI fly ash before using the fly ash in mortar. Mortar samples with 10 wt% replacement of cement with either raw or elecrtodialytically treated MSWI fly ash were subjected to monolithic (in-use scenario) and crushed mortar (end-of-life scenario) leaching tests. The environmental conditions (e.g., exposure to chlorides or sulfates) at the surface of cement-based materials can affect leaching. Acidified H2O, NaCl or Na2SO4 solutions were, therefore, used for the leaching tests. Up to 80% heavy metal removal by the up-scaled electrodialytic pre-treatment was feasible. Regulatory limits for disposing of the MSWI fly ash in non-hazardous waste landfills were exceeded, even if the electrodialytic treatment removed heavy metals. However, leaching from monolithic mortar samples complied with the regulatory limits, while Cr leaching exceeded the regulatory limits for all crushed mortar samples when using NaCl or Na2SO4. Both NaCl and Na2SO4 generally increased the heavy metal leaching yield from fly ash and mortar compared to leaching with acidified H2O. The results of the study suggest that environmental conditions should be taken into account when assessing leaching from cement-based materials with MSWI fly ash.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. R. Ebert
- Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Brovej, Building 118, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gunvor M. Kirkelund
- Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Brovej, Building 118, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Ash-Incorporated Concrete: One Step towards Environmental Justice. BUILDINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/buildings11110495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste and cement manufacture are two sources of environmental justice issues in urban and suburban areas. Waste utilization is an attractive alternative to disposal for eliminating environmental injustice, reducing potential hazards, and improving urban sustainability. The re-use and recycling of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ash in the construction industry has drawn significant attention. Incorporating MSWI ash in cement and concrete production is a potential path that mitigates the environmental justice issues in waste management and the construction industry. This paper presents a critical overview of the pretreatment methods that optimize MSWI ash utilization in cement/concrete and the influences of MSWI ash on the performance of cement/concrete. This review aims to elucidate the potential advantages and limitations associated with the use of MSWI ash for producing cement clinker, alternative binder (e.g., alkali-activated material), cement substitutes, and aggregates. A brief overview of the generation and characteristics of MSWI ash is reported, accompanied by identifying opportunities for the use of MSWI ash-incorporated products in industrial-scale applications and recognizing associated environmental justice implications.
Collapse
|
10
|
Li H, Zheng Y, Yu L, Lin H, Zhang M, Jiao B, Shiau Y, Li D. Efficient electrokinetic remediation of heavy metals from MSWI fly ash using approaching anode integrated with permeable reactive barrier. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:22156-22169. [PMID: 33417130 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12340-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During electrokinetic remediation (EKR) of heavy metals (HMs) (Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd) from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash enhanced by a permeable reactive barrier (PRB), the nearer to the anode, the higher the concentration of H+ ions and the greater the remediation effect. Therefore, a potentially new method of PRB-enhanced EKR using an approaching anode (A-EKR + PRB) was studied to help H+ ions to quickly migrate to the sample near the cathode. Consequently, the HM leaching and total concentrations were reduced, while an energy reduction of nearly 40% was achieved. The results showed that the best remediation ability was obtained when MSWI fly ash was treated for 16 days at a voltage gradient of 2.5 V/cm, the approaching anode was moved after 4 days, and the PRB contained 10 g of activated carbon. After remediation, the environmental risk analysis showed that A-EKR + PRB reduced all the fractions of HMs, especially the acid extractable and oxidizable fractions, which might have been due to the enhancement of acid dissolution and oxidation by the approaching anode. In addition, the environmental risks of the remaining HMs were reduced, and the results indicated that A-EKR + PRB is an advisable choice for remediation of MSWI fly ash.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Lin Yu
- City College of Science and Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Huirong Lin
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Hazardous Waste Integrated Disposal, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Manli Zhang
- Chongqing Solid Waste Management Center, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Binquan Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- City College of Science and Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - YanChyuan Shiau
- Department of Construction Management, Chung Hua University, No. 707, Wufu Rd., Sec. 2, Hsinchu, 30012, Taiwan.
| | - Dongwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Marieta C, Guerrero A, Leon I. Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash to produce eco-friendly binders for sustainable building construction. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 120:114-124. [PMID: 33302014 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash is a residue of municipal solid waste incineration whose recycling is currently a worldwide problem. Therefore, considerable efforts are being made to establish effective recovery techniques so MSWI can be used as a substitute for natural resources in construction, as in masonry blocks, roads and so on, or in the manufacture of new materials. MSWI fly ashes contain elements such as Ca, Si and Al, which make it possible for them to be used as raw material to manufacture cements. This paper presents the results obtained from the physicochemical characterization of two MSWI fly ashes from two Spanish cities. The research aims to explore the feasibility of using MSWI fly ash as raw material for sintering belite cements. The results show that MSWI fly ashes have a suitable composition. However, appropriate pre-treatment will be required to eliminate chloride and possible traces of heavy metals and to improve pozzolanic activity. Furthermore, the addition of vitreous silica in the proper proportions is required. The phases generated after calcination of the blend at 800 °C are not those corresponding to pure belite cements. Nevertheless, the possibility of using these ashes as supplementary cementitious material in the manufacture of eco-cements should be contemplated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Marieta
- EIG (UPV/EHU), Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Ana Guerrero
- Institute of Construction Science Eduardo Torroja, Serrano Galvache, s/n, 28033 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñigo Leon
- EIG (UPV/EHU), Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gao M, Zeng F, Tang F, Wang K, Xu X, Tian G. An increasing Cr recovery from soil with catholyte-enhanced electrokinetic remediation: Effects on voltage redistribution throughout soil sections. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
13
|
Tang J, Su M, Wei L, Wei Y, Liang J, Liu Y, Luo Y. Comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness on metals recovery and decontamination from MSWI fly ash by an integrating hydrometallurgical process in Guangzhou. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 728:138809. [PMID: 32570311 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash generally contains substantial toxic elements which can be easily released into the environment, giving rise to serious environmental contaminations. In order to dispose of these harmful fly ashes safely and feasibly, an advanced and reliable strategy is needed. This work presented an integrated method designed for recycling of valuable copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) through hydrochloric acid leaching and sequential extraction (using LIX 860N-I and Cyanex 572 for Cu and Zn as extractants, respectively) and clean-up of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in consequential waste effluent by adsorption with a versatile material - bundle-like hydroxyapatite (B-HAP). The method was applied in the pilot scale tests with recovery yields of 95% and 61% for Cu and Zn, respectively. Additionally, satisfied removal efficiencies of Cd and Pb (over 95% for both) were realized, reaching the acceptable emission level for Cd and Pb in China. A scenario based on the latest MSW data in 2018 in Guangzhou was assessed through the integrated pilot experiment. The evaluation demonstrates a reduction of a $ 20.8 million cost; over 48.2 k GJ of energy consumption and 5800 tons of CO2 emission can be reduced in 2018, comparing to that landfilled in hazardous waste sites, which reveals great benefits. The valuable metal recovery in combination with decontamination of toxic elements/substances as a complete and combined process gives a promising fly ash treatment strategy in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Linköping University - Guangzhou University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Nuclear Chemistry and Industrial Material Recycling, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Minhua Su
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Lezhang Wei
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Linköping University - Guangzhou University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongjun Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of State Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Henan province for Drug Quality Control and Evaluation, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Jiawei Liang
- College of Water Conservancy & Environmental Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yingkui Liu
- Department of biological science, Xuzhou Medical University, 209(th) Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yue Luo
- GZEP Fushan Environmental Protection Energy Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510700, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Du M, Liu H, Hu D, Huang J, Liu Z, Fang Y. The leaching mechanism of heavy metals (Ni, Cd, As) in a gasification slag during acidification. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 114:17-24. [PMID: 32707442 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The gasification slag by acidification can leach abundant heavy metals. In this paper, the fate of heavy metals (Ni, Cd, and As) in the raw slag and the acidified slag that treated by HAc and HCl was systematically investigated combined with Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The results show that the content of Ni and Cd is reduced with an increasing acid concentration and meets the regulatory standards by 7 M HAc and 3 M HCl, respectively. Most of Ni combined with gehlenite is released as gehlenite dissolves during acid treatment, whereas Cd in combination with gehlenite and iron compounds is hard to release at lower HAc concentrations. Unexpectedly, the content of As tends to elevate at a higher concentration of HAc, which is due to the increase in the content of Ca by new Ca-compound formation and the higher binding capacity of Ca to As according to DFT results. Additionally, if the acid-base ratio reaches about 2.0 by acid treatment, there would be a maximum leaching rate. It is recommended that acid concentration should be controlled to avoid a secondary risk of heavy metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meijie Du
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Huan Liu
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, PR China.
| | - Donghai Hu
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Jiejie Huang
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, PR China.
| | - Zheyu Liu
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, PR China.
| | - Yitian Fang
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Recovery of chromium from ferronickel slag: A comparison of microwave roasting and conventional roasting strategies. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
16
|
Chen Z, Yu G, Wang Y, Wang X. Fate of heavy metals during co-disposal of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and sewage sludge by hydrothermal coupling pyrolysis process. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 109:28-37. [PMID: 32380379 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the hydrothermal coupling pyrolysis (HTP) method was used to treat municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (IFA) and municipal sewage sludge (MSS). The regulation of migration mechanism of heavy metals (HMs), which included Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb, were investigated, including the conditional effects of hydrothermal pretreatment (HTT), the pyrolysis temperature, the pyrolysis time, and the heating rate (HR) on the HM distribution. The results indicated that HTT, as a pretreatment method, achieved the redistribution and preliminary immobilization of the HMs, decreasing the potential environmental risk level. After HTP, the HMs (Cr, Ni, and Cu) were more immobilized, and this effect was enhanced when the pyrolysis temperature was increased from 300 to 800 °C. However, Zn, Cd, and Pb evaporated under high temperature. Leaching experiments revealed that all the HMs in the pyro-char from pyrolysis at 800 °C were below the standard (US EPA). The influences of the HR and pyrolysis time on the HM immobilization were slight under a higher temperature. After HTP, the HM environmental risk decreased to a low level. The physico-chemical characteristics of the pyro-char demonstrated that carbon trapping and chemical sedimentation played leading roles in the middle-temperature range, while mineral matrix encapsulation might have been dominant under high temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangwei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Xingdong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ebert BAR, Steenari BM, Geiker MR, Kirkelund GM. Screening of untreated municipal solid waste incineration fly ash for use in cement-based materials: chemical and physical properties. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2613-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
18
|
Geng C, Liu J, Wu S, Jia Y, Du B, Yu S. Novel method for comprehensive utilization of MSWI fly ash through co-reduction with red mud to prepare crude alloy and cleaned slag. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121315. [PMID: 31581013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA) is classified as hazardous waste that requires an effective processing method. This study proposed an innovative technique process, co-reduction of MSWI-FA and red mud followed by magnetic separation, to prepare crude alloy and cleaned slag. In this process, MSWI-FA acted not only as a reductant to reduce metal minerals in MSWI-FA and red mud to form an alloy, but also as a calcium additive to enhance the reduction of metal minerals and alter the melting point of the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 system. Under optimal conditions, 85.52% Fe, 80.10% Cu, 92.96% Ni, and 66.74% Cr can be recovered in the form of a Fe-Cu-Ni-Cr alloy. The Fe-Cu-Ni-Cr alloy containing 96.47% Fe, 0.81% Cu, 0.65% Ni, and 0.42% Cr can be used for weathering steel production. Other heavy metals, including Cd, Pb, and Zn, were removed via volatilization. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure test indicated that the leaching toxicity of the cleaned slag was substantially below the standard limits. The characteristics of the cleaned slag were similar to those of ground granulated blast furnace slag, suggesting its potential application in cement production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Geng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China.
| | - Shichao Wu
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yufeng Jia
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Bing Du
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Shuyao Yu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhao K, Hu Y, Tian Y, Chen D, Feng Y. Chlorine removal from MSWI fly ash by thermal treatment: Effects of iron/aluminum additives. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 88:112-121. [PMID: 31862052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The high content of alkali chlorides in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash limit its resource reuse due to the potential environmental risks. In this paper, with superheated steam as the gasifying agent and inducer, chlorides in fly ash were removed by thermal treatment within a moderate temperature range. Thermal treatment experiments were performed under different conditions: temperature (500-800°C), steam addition (mass ratio of steam to fly ash = 0.25-1) and residence time (0.5-3 hr). Iron and aluminum powders were added to fly ash to improve the chlorine removal efficiency. Water-soluble chlorides included NaCl and KCl, and insoluble chlorides mainly included Ca(OH)Cl. The heating process with the addition of water steam was more efficient than that without steam in terms of the removal performance of water-soluble chlorides. The removal efficiency of soluble chlorides reached 75.25% for a mass ratio of 1:1 after 1-hr thermal treatment at 700°C. When the residence time was increased above 1 hr, the total dechlorination efficiency was not increased dramatically. Moreover, adding iron and aluminum powder into the fly ash improved the removal of water-insoluble chlorides, and the total dechlorination efficiency was increased by 11.41%-16.64%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaixing Zhao
- Thermal and Environmental Engineering Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yuyan Hu
- Thermal and Environmental Engineering Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yuyi Tian
- Thermal and Environmental Engineering Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dezhen Chen
- Thermal and Environmental Engineering Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuheng Feng
- Thermal and Environmental Engineering Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tong L, Tang Y, Wang F, Hu B, Shi P, Hu Q. Investigation of controlling factors on toxic metal leaching behavior in municipal solid wastes incineration fly ash. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:29316-29326. [PMID: 31396873 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid wastes incineration (MSWI) fly ash has drawn worldwide attention for its substantial annual generation capacity and high toxic metals leachability. Although many factors have been shown to affect the leachability of metals in fly ash, the controlling factors, which guide the selection of appropriate risk reduction method, remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the two most important factors, total metal content, and remaining alkaline substances of MSWI fly ash, on the leaching behavior of toxic metals. In this work, a series of leaching tests and sequential extraction procedures were performed for seven fly ash samples collected from one MSWI plant. Results show that particulate size distribution, morphology, and mineralogy of all samples are similar, indicating the effects of these properties on metal leaching behavior can be ignored. In leaching tests, although the leaching behavior in terms of metal species and concentration levels vary as expected, only the leachate Pb concentration in four samples (up to 17.32 mg/L) exceeds the threshold in Chinese regulation (0.25 mg/L). The variation of the leachate Pb concentration is not consistent with the change of the total Pb concentration in fly ash. Further correlation analysis evidences that the acid-soluble Pb, which is highly correlated to the calcium content of fly ash, dominates the concentration of leachate Pb. Notably, when the addition of lime is about 1.5 times over the theoretical value, the concentration of leachate Pb would exceed the threshold regardless of the total Pb concentration in fly ash. Overall, this study demonstrates that the remaining alkaline substances (mainly calcium-bearing compounds), rather than the total content of metals, are the controlling factor of metal leaching behavior in fly ash. Thus, strategies to delicately optimize the quantity of lime addition in acid gas purification process should be considered to minimize MSWI fly ash environmental risks in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Tong
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yi Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Engineering Innovation Center of Southern University of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Feng Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Engineering Innovation Center of Southern University of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bin Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Engineering Innovation Center of Southern University of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Pixing Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Engineering Innovation Center of Southern University of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qing Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Engineering Innovation Center of Southern University of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Huang T, Liu L, Wu S, Zhang S. Research on a closed-loop method that enhances the electrokinetic removal of heavy metals from municipal solid waste incineration fly ashes. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00849-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
22
|
Phua Z, Giannis A, Dong ZL, Lisak G, Ng WJ. Characteristics of incineration ash for sustainable treatment and reutilization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:16974-16997. [PMID: 31041714 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) generates bottom ash, fly ash (FA), and air pollution control (APC) residues as by-products. FA and APC residues are considered hazardous due to the presence of soluble salts and a high concentration of heavy metals, and they should be appropriately treated before disposal. Physicochemical characterization using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) have shown that FA and APC have potential for reuse after treatment as these contain CaO, SiO2, and Al2O3. Studies conducted on treatment of FA and APC are categorized into three groups: (i) separation processes, (ii) solidification/stabilization (S/S) processes, and (iii) thermal processes. Separation processes such as washing, leaching, and electrochemical treatment improve the quality and homogeneity of the ash. S/S processes such as chemical stabilization, accelerate carbonation, and cement solidification modify hazardous species into less toxic constituents. Thermal processes such as sintering, vitrification, and melting are effective at reducing volume and producing a more stable product. In this review paper, the treatment processes are analyzed in relation to ash characteristics. Issues concerning mixing FA and APC residues before treatment, true treatment costs, and challenges are also discussed to provide further insights on the implications and possibilities of utilizing FA and APC as secondary materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Phua
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Apostolos Giannis
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, University Campus, 73100, Chania, Greece.
| | - Zhi-Li Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Grzegorz Lisak
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wun Jern Ng
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Simultaneous CO2 Sequestration of Korean Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash and Encapsulation of Heavy Metals by Accelerated Carbonation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-06209-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
24
|
Kirkelund GM, Jensen PE. Electrodialytic treatment of Greenlandic municipal solid waste incineration fly ash. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 80:241-251. [PMID: 30455005 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In Greenland, fly ash could contribute as a local resource in construction as a substitute for cement in concrete or clay in bricks, if the toxicity of the ash is reduced. In this study, fly ash from three different Greenlandic waste incinerators were collected and subjected to electrodialytic treatment for removal of heavy metals with the aim of enabling reuse of the fly ashes. Seven electrodialytic experiments treating up to 2.5 kg of fly ash in a 10 L suspension were made. The heavy metal removal was mostly dependent on the initial concentration in the fly ash. Heavy metal leaching was examined before and after treatment and revealed overall a significant reduction in leaching of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn; however, Cr and Pb leaching were above Danish guideline levels for reuse purposes. Hg leaching was also reduced to below Danish guideline levels, although only investigated for one fly ash. Hexavalent Cr was not the dominant speciation of Cr in the fly ashes. Ettringite formed during electrodialytic treatment in the fly ash suspensions at pH above 12. The total concentration of eligible components for reuse such as CaO, SiO2 and Al2O3, increased during the electrodialytic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gunvor M Kirkelund
- Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Pernille E Jensen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen W, Kirkelund GM, Jensen PE, Ottosen LM. Electrodialytic extraction of Cr from water-washed MSWI fly ash by changing pH and redox conditions. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 71:215-223. [PMID: 29032003 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrodialytic process offers a range of possibilities to waste management by electrodialytic separation (EDS) of heavy metals, depending on how the process is designed. Using three EDS cell setups (two two-compartment and one three-compartment) and their combinations, the extraction of Cr from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash by changing pH and redox conditions was investigated in the present work. The experiments were designed into single, two and three steps, based on the number of setups (by changing EDS cells) or effective setups (by shifting working electrode pairs) used. Prior to EDS the ash studied went through pretreatments such as water-washing and dry-sieving with a 50 µm sieve. The results showed that Cr was strongly bound in the ash, and the major fraction remained bound after the different treatments. Two/three-step treatment, which obtained the maximum Cr extraction rate of 27.5%, is an improvement on the single-step that extracted maximum 3.1%. The highest extraction was obtained due to the combined extraction of Cr(III) under low pH (accompanied with high redox) conditions and Cr(VI) under high pH (low redox) conditions subsequently. The Cr leaching from the treated ashes with acidic pH was lower than from those with alkaline pH; after the three-step treatment, Cr leaching was much lower from the coarse fraction (> 50 µm), as compared to the fine (≤ 50 µm) or the unsieved ash. As for the coarse fraction, two/three-step treatment reduced the leaching of Cr compared to the single-step in the same pH range (either acidic or alkaline).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
| | - Gunvor M Kirkelund
- Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Pernille E Jensen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth M Ottosen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|