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Wang L, Zhang L, An X, Xiao X, Zhang S, Xu Z, Cai H, Zhang Q. Thiocyanate-degrading microflora alleviates thiocyanate stress on tomato seedlings by improving plant and rhizosphere microenvironment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 232:116423. [PMID: 37327842 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Thiocyanate in irrigation water can adversely affect plant growth and development. A previously constructed microflora with effective thiocyanate-degrading ability was used to investigate the potential of bacterial degradation for thiocyanate bioremediation. The root and aboveground part dry weight of plants inoculated with the degrading microflora increased by 66.67% and 88.45%, respectively, compared to those plants without the microflora. The supplementation of thiocyanate-degrading microflora (TDM) significantly alleviated the interference of thiocyanate in mineral nutrition metabolism. Moreover, the supplementation of TDM significantly reduced the activities of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage and it protected plants from excessive thiocyanate, while the crucial antioxidant enzyme (peroxidase) decreased by 22.59%. Compared with the control without TDM supplementation, the soil sucrase content increased by 29.58%. The abundances of Methylophilus, Acinetobacter, unclassified Saccharimonadales, and Rhodanobacter changed from 19.92%, 6.63%, 0.79%, and 3.90%-13.19%, 0.27%, 3.06%, and 5.14%, respectively, with TDM supplementation. Caprolactam, 5,6-dimethyldecane, and pentadecanoic acid seem to have an effect on the structure of the microbial community in the rhizosphere soil. The above results indicated TDM supplementation can significantly reduce the toxic effects of thiocyanate on the tomato-soil microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuwei Wang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Lizhen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China.
| | - Xuejiao An
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Xiaoshuang Xiao
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Shulin Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Zihang Xu
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Huaixiang Cai
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China.
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2
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Xiao X, An X, Jiang Y, Wang L, Li Z, Lai F, Zhang Q. A newly developed consortium with a highly efficient thiocyanate degradation capacity: A comprehensive investigation of the degradation and detoxification potential. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120878. [PMID: 36526057 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Thiocyanate-containing wastewater harms ecosystems and can cause serious damage to animals and plants, so it is urgent to treat it effectively. In this study, a new efficient thiocyanate-degrading consortium was developed and its degradation characteristics were studied. It was found that up to 154.64 mM thiocyanate could be completely degraded by this consortium over 6 days of incubation, with a maximum degradation rate of 1.53 mM h-1. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that Thiobacillus (77.78%) was the predominant thiocyanate-degrading bacterial genus. Plant toxicology tests showed that the germination index of mung bean and rice seeds cultured with media obtained after thiocyanate degradation by the consortium increased by 94% and 84.83%, respectively, compared with the control group without thiocyanate degradation. Cytotoxicity tests showed that thiocyanate without degradation significantly decreased the Neuro-2a cell activity and mitochondrial membrane potential; induced reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis; increased the cellular Ca2+ concentration; and damaged the cell nucleus and DNA. Furthermore, the thiocyanate degradation products produced the consortium were almost totally non-toxic, revealing the same characteristics as those of the control using distilled water. This study shows that the consortium has a high degradation efficiency and detoxification characteristics, as well as great application potential in bioremediation of industrial thiocyanate-containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Xiao
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China.
| | - Xuejiao An
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Yuling Jiang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Liuwei Wang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Zelin Li
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Fenju Lai
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China.
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3
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Wang L, An X, Xiao X, Li N, Xie D, Lai F, Zhang Q. Treatment of thiocyanate-containing wastewater: a critical review of thiocyanate destruction in industrial effluents. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 39:35. [PMID: 36469179 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03481-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Thiocyanate is a common pollutant in gold mine, textile, printing, dyeing, coking and other industries. Therefore, thiocyanate in industrial wastewater is an urgent problem to be solved. This paper reviews the chemical properties, applications, sources and toxicity of thiocyanate, as well as the various treatment methods for thiocyanate in wastewater and their advantages and disadvantages. It is emphasized that biological systems, ranging from laboratory to full-scale, are able to successfully remove thiocyanate from factories. Thiocyanate-degrading microorganisms degrade thiocyanate in autotrophic manner for energy, while other biodegrading microorganisms use thiocyanate as a carbon or nitrogen source, and the biochemical pathways and enzymes involved in thiocyanate metabolism by different bacteria are discussed in detail. In the future, degradation mechanisms should be investigated at the molecular level, with further research aiming to improve the biochemical understanding of thiocyanate metabolism and scaling up thiocyanate degradation technologies from the laboratory to a full-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuwei Wang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao An
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshuang Xiao
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningjian Li
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Xie
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenju Lai
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Wu B, Xu D, Wang H, Xu R, Qin N, Han J. Wetland plant-derived biochar enhances the diclofenac treatment performance in vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114326. [PMID: 36113575 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DFC) is a pharmacologically active compound frequently detected in various receiving waters. To improve the efficiency of constructed wetlands in removing DFC, biochar (BC) is added as a substrate. The study mainly involved the effect of adding wetland plant-derived BC to vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands (VSF-CWs) on the DFC removal process. In addition, the study discussed the effects of the initial DFC concentration (0.05-1.00 mg L-1), pH (5.5-8.5), and hydraulic retention times (HRTs, 1-7 d) on the removal process and fluctuations in the microbial community. Preliminary results of the study showed optimal removal (>90%) achieved at an initial DFC concentration of 0.75-1 mg L-1, a pH of 6.5-7.5, and an HRT of 7 d. Moreover, no significant effects on the removal efficiency of conventional water quality parameters were observed. Non-metric multidimensional scaling results revealed a reshaped community structure, which was altered by the initial DFC concentration. DFC concentration is a key factor in the variation of microbial communities and controls the quantitative evolution of the species in experimental units. Therefore, the addition of BC to CWs effectively enhanced the removal efficiency of DFC and provided a viable and effective improvement of the CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- College of Civil and Architectural Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, PR China; China Aneng Group First Engineering Bureau Co. Ltd, Nanning, PR China
| | - Duo Xu
- College of Civil and Architectural Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, PR China.
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Civil and Architectural Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, PR China.
| | - Runyu Xu
- College of Civil and Architectural Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, PR China
| | - Naibing Qin
- College of Civil and Architectural Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, PR China
| | - Jinlong Han
- College of Civil and Architectural Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, PR China
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Gao JJ, Zhang L, Peng RH, Wang B, Feng HJ, Li ZJ, Yao QH. Recombinant expression of Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 glutathione S-transferase in Arabidopsis thaliana: an efficient tool for phytoremediation of thiocyanate. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1779127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jie Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ri-He Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hui-Juan Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhen-Jun Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Quan-Hong Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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6
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Raper E, Stephenson T, Fisher R, Anderson DR, Soares A. Characterisation of thiocyanate degradation in a mixed culture activated sludge process treating coke wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 288:121524. [PMID: 31154279 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microbial degradation of thiocyanate (SCN-) has been reported to suffer from instability highlighting the need for improved understanding of underlying mechanisms and boundaries. Respirometry, batch tests and DNA sequencing analysis were used to improve understanding of a mixed culture treating coke wastewater rich in SCN-. An uncultured species of Thiobacillus was the most abundant species (26%) and displayed similar metabolic capabilities to Thiobacillus denitrificans and Thiobacillus thioparus. Thiocyanate was hydrolysed/oxidised to NH4+-N, HCO3- and SO42-. Nevertheless, at 360-2100 mg SCN-/L a breakdown in the degradation pathway was observed. Respirometry tests demonstrated that NH4+-N was inhibitory to SCN- degradation (IC50: 316 mg/L). Likewise, phenol (180 mg/L) and hydroxylamine (0.25-16 mg/L) reduced SCN- degradation by 41% and ca. 7%, respectively. The understanding of the SCN- degradation pathways can enable stable treatment efficiencies and compliance with effluent of <4 mg SCN/L, required by the Industrial Emissions Directive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Raper
- Cranfield Water Sciences Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Tom Stephenson
- Cranfield Water Sciences Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Raymond Fisher
- Tata Steel, Group Health Safety and Environment, Swinden Technology Centre, Rotherham S60 3AR, UK
| | - David R Anderson
- Tata Steel, Group Health Safety and Environment, Swinden Technology Centre, Rotherham S60 3AR, UK
| | - Ana Soares
- Cranfield Water Sciences Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK.
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7
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Spurr LP, Watts MP, Gan HM, Moreau JW. Biodegradation of thiocyanate by a native groundwater microbial consortium. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6498. [PMID: 30941266 PMCID: PMC6440457 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold ore processing typically generates large amounts of thiocyanate (SCN−)-contaminated effluent. When this effluent is stored in unlined tailings dams, contamination of the underlying aquifer can occur. The potential for bioremediation of SCN−-contaminated groundwater, either in situ or ex situ, remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to enrich and characterise SCN−-degrading microorganisms from mining-contaminated groundwater under a range of culturing conditions. Mildly acidic and suboxic groundwater, containing ∼135 mg L−1 SCN−, was collected from an aquifer below an unlined tailings dam. An SCN−-degrading consortium was enriched from contaminated groundwater using combinatory amendments of air, glucose and phosphate. Biodegradation occurred in all oxic cultures, except with the sole addition of glucose, but was inhibited by NH4+ and did not occur under anoxic conditions. The SCN−-degrading consortium was characterised using 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequencing, identifying a variety of heterotrophic taxa in addition to sulphur-oxidising bacteria. Interestingly, few recognised SCN−-degrading taxa were identified in significant abundance. These results provide both proof-of-concept and the required conditions for biostimulation of SCN− degradation in groundwater by native aquifer microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam P Spurr
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Mathew P Watts
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Han M Gan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Australia
| | - John W Moreau
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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8
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Pan J, Ma J, Wu H, Ren Y, Fu B, He M, Zhu S, Wei C. Simultaneous removal of thiocyanate and nitrogen from wastewater by autotrophic denitritation process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 267:30-37. [PMID: 30007236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pollutants containing sulfur as electron donors will play an important role in the energy-saving denitritation process when organic carbon source was insufficient in wastewater. However, thiocyanate (SCN-), a hazardous pollutant, has not been characterized in denitritation. In this study, the effects of key environmental factors on removal of thiocyanate and nitrogen were investigated in denitritation. The results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of nitrogen was observed in complete removal of thiocyanate and nitrite. The elemental sulfur was observed prior to complete depletion of thiocyanate. The efficiency of denitritation was promoted by NaHCO3 and weakly-alkaline environment. In the sludge containing dominant Thiobacillus genus, nitrite was reduced in the conversion of thiocyanate into elemental sulfur and further into sulfate. The stoichiometric ratio of NO2--N to SCN--N was close to 2.0 when thiocyanate was converted completely into sulfate, which verified complete removal of thiocyanate and nitrite at the NO2--N/SCN--N ratio of 2.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Pan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jingde Ma
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Haizhen Wu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuan Ren
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Bingbing Fu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Meiling He
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chaohai Wei
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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9
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Pan J, Wei C, Fu B, Ma J, Preis S, Wu H, Zhu S. Simultaneous nitrite and ammonium production in an autotrophic partial denitrification and ammonification of wastewaters containing thiocyanate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 252:20-27. [PMID: 29306125 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Various products are observed in biological oxidation and reduction of molecules containing elements of variable valence. The variability is caused by the diversity of microorganisms and their metabolic enzymes, which may develop into novel processes in wastewater treatment. The study aimed to develop a novel denitrification process forming nitrite and ammonium in wastewaters containing thiocyanate. High-efficiency nitrite and ammonium production was observed due to autotrophic partial denitrification and ammonification as a result of nitrate and thiocyanate removal. Nitrite, ammonium and sulfate were observed as the ultimate products. The increased NO3--N/SCN--N ratio in the treated wastewater resulted in the decreased removal efficiency of nitrate, and the increased nitrate-to-nitrite transformation ratio and the ratio of NO2--N to NH4+-N. Thiocyanate sulfur was oxidized to sulfate via intermediate elementary sulfur providing electron to nitrate or nitrite. The Thiobacillus genus dominated in the sludge providing ammonium and nitrite as substrate for the potentially anammox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Pan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chaohai Wei
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Bingbing Fu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jingde Ma
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Sergei Preis
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Haizhen Wu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Shuang Zhu
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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10
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Kurashova I, Halevy I, Kamyshny A. Kinetics of Decomposition of Thiocyanate in Natural Aquatic Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:1234-1243. [PMID: 29283564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rates of thiocyanate degradation were measured in waters and sediments of marine and limnic systems under various redox conditions, oxic, anoxic (nonsulfidic, nonferruginous, nonmanganous), ferruginous, sulfidic, and manganous, for up to 200-day period at micromolar concentrations of thiocyanate. The decomposition rates in natural aquatic systems were found to be controlled by microbial processes under both oxic and anoxic conditions. The Michaelis-Menten model was applied for description of the decomposition kinetics. The decomposition rate in the sediments was found to be higher than in the water samples. Under oxic conditions, thiocyanate degradation was faster than under anaerobic conditions. In the presence of hydrogen sulfide, the decomposition rate increased compared to anoxic nonsulfidic conditions, whereas in the presence of iron(II) or manganese(II), the rate decreased. Depending on environmental conditions, half-lives of thiocyanate in sediments and water columns were in the ranges of hours to few dozens of days, and from days to years, respectively. Application of kinetic parameters presented in this research allows estimation of rates of thiocyanate cycling and its concentrations in the Archean ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kurashova
- Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva, Israel 84105
| | - Itay Halevy
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot, Israel 76100
| | - Alexey Kamyshny
- Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva, Israel 84105
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11
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Watts MP, Gan HM, Peng LY, Lê Cao KA, Moreau JW. In Situ Stimulation of Thiocyanate Biodegradation through Phosphate Amendment in Gold Mine Tailings Water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:13353-13362. [PMID: 29064247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Thiocyanate (SCN-) is a contaminant requiring remediation in gold mine tailings and wastewaters globally. Seepage of SCN--contaminated waters into aquifers can occur from unlined or structurally compromised mine tailings storage facilities. A wide variety of microorganisms are known to be capable of biodegrading SCN-; however, little is known regarding the potential of native microbes for in situ SCN- biodegradation, a remediation option that is less costly than engineered approaches. Here we experimentally characterize the principal biogeochemical barrier to SCN- biodegradation for an autotrophic microbial consortium enriched from mine tailings, to arrive at an environmentally realistic assessment of in situ SCN- biodegradation potential. Upon amendment with phosphate, the consortium completely degraded up to ∼10 mM SCN- to ammonium and sulfate, with some evidence of nitrification of the ammonium to nitrate. Although similarly enriched in known SCN--degrading strains of thiobacilli, this consortium differed in its source (mine tailings) and metabolism (autotrophy) from those of previous studies. Our results provide a proof of concept that phosphate limitation may be the principal barrier to in situ SCN- biodegradation in mine tailing waters and also yield new insights into the microbial ecology of in situ SCN- bioremediation involving autotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew P Watts
- School of Earth Sciences, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Han M Gan
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University , Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia , Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genomics Facility, Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, Monash University Malaysia , Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lee Y Peng
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia , Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genomics Facility, Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, Monash University Malaysia , Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kim-Anh Lê Cao
- Melbourne Integrative Genomics and the School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John W Moreau
- School of Earth Sciences, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Characterization of an autotrophic bioreactor microbial consortium degrading thiocyanate. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:5889-5901. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Noreen A, Zia KM, Zuber M, Ali M, Mujahid M. A critical review of algal biomass: A versatile platform of bio-based polyesters from renewable resources. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 86:937-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Huang Z, Ke X, Lv X, Liu Z, Ni L. Unique sequence characteristics account for good DGGE separation of almost full-length 18S rDNAs. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:48. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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New insights into the genetic and metabolic diversity of thiocyanate-degrading microbial consortia. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:1101-1108. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Ryu BG, Kim W, Nam K, Kim S, Lee B, Park MS, Yang JW. A comprehensive study on algal-bacterial communities shift during thiocyanate degradation in a microalga-mediated process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 191:496-504. [PMID: 25911193 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Changes in algal and bacterial communities during thiocyanate (SCN(-)) decomposition in a microalga-mediated process were studied. Pyrosequencing indicated that Thiobacillus bacteria and Micractinium algae predominated during SCN(-) hydrolysis, even after its complete degradation. Principal components analysis and evenness profiles (based on the Pareto-Lorenz curve) suggested that the changes in the bacterial communities were driven by nitrogen and sulfur oxidation, pH changes, and photoautotrophic conditions. The populations of predominant microalgae remained relatively stable during SCN(-) hydrolysis, but the proportion of bacteria - especially nitrifying bacteria - fluctuated. Thus, the initial microalgal population may be crucial in determining which microorganisms dominate when the preferred nitrogen source becomes limited. The results also demonstrated that microalgae and SCN(-)-hydrolyzing bacteria can coexist, that microalgae can be effectively used with these bacteria to completely treat SCN(-), and that the structure of the algal-bacterial community is more stable than the community of nitrifying bacteria alone during SCN(-) degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Gon Ryu
- Environmental and Energy Program, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Decontamination and Decommissioning Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 989-111 Daedukdaero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kibok Nam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwhan Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongsoo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min S Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Villemur R, Juteau P, Bougie V, Ménard J, Déziel E. Development of four-stage moving bed biofilm reactor train with a pre-denitrification configuration for the removal of thiocyanate and cyanate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 181:254-262. [PMID: 25656870 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two trains (A and B) of four-stage moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) were developed for the degradation of thiocyanate (SCN(-)), cyanate (OCN(-)) and ammonia (NH3). A pre-denitrification configuration was established in the first-stage reactor of the B train using SCN(-) and OCN(-) as the sole carbon source. SCN(-), OCN(-) and NH3 were completely removed in both trains. The highest removal of total nitrogen equivalent (total-N) occurred at a loading rate of 5.6 mg-N L(-1) h(-1). The pre-denitrification configuration resulted in increased total-N removal in the B train (62.6%) compared to the A train (38.5%). Thiobacillus spp. were the predominant bacteria in all MBBRs. Bacteria related to bioprocesses involving anaerobic ammonium oxidation were present in the B train, suggesting that part of nitrogen removal occurs via this pathway. Our results showed that the pre-denitrification configuration increases the efficiency of removal of total-N compounds in the SCN(-)/OCN(-)-degrading MBBR process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Villemur
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada.
| | - Pierre Juteau
- Department of Water and Environment, CEGEP St-Laurent, Montréal, Québec H4L 3X7, Canada; Centre des technologies de l'eau, Montréal, Québec H4L 3Y2, Canada
| | - Veronique Bougie
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Julie Ménard
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Eric Déziel
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
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18
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Kim J, Lee C. Rapid fingerprinting of methanogenic communities by high-resolution melting analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 174:321-327. [PMID: 25443624 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing microbial community structure using molecular techniques is becoming a popular approach in studies of waste/wastewater treatment processes. A rapid and robust tool to analyze microbial communities is required for efficient process monitoring and control. In this study, a new community fingerprinting method based on high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis was developed and applied to compare methanogenic community structures of five different anaerobic digesters. The new method produced robust community clustering and ordination results comparable to the results from the commonly used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) performed in parallel. This method transforms melting peak plots (MPs) of community DNA samples generated by HRM analysis to molecular fingerprints and estimates the relationships between the communities based on the fingerprints. The MP-based fingerprinting would provide a good alternative to monitor variations in microbial community structure especially when handling large sample numbers due to its high-throughput capacity and short analysis time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaai Kim
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoo Lee
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Shoji T, Sueoka K, Satoh H, Mino T. Identification of the microbial community responsible for thiocyanate and thiosulfate degradation in an activated sludge process. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Ryu BG, Kim J, Farooq W, Han JI, Yang JW, Kim W. Algal-bacterial process for the simultaneous detoxification of thiocyanate-containing wastewater and maximized lipid production under photoautotrophic/photoheterotrophic conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 162:70-79. [PMID: 24747384 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a cooperative algal-bacterial system that efficiently degrades thiocyanate (SCN(-)), a toxic contaminant, and exhibits high lipid productivity, was developed. A consortium of mixed bacteria (activated sludge) and microalgae was sequentially cultivated under photoautotrophic and photoheterotrophic modes. The hydrolysis of SCN(-) to ammonium (NH4(+))-nitrogen and subsequent nitrification steps were performed by the initial activated sludge under lithoautotrophic conditions. The NH4(+) and oxidized forms of nitrogen, nitrite (NO2(-)) and nitrate (NO3(-)), were then assimilated and removed by the microalgal cells when light was supplied. After the degradation of SCN(-), the cultivation mode was changed to photoheterotrophic conditions in a sequential manner. Algal-bacterial cultures containing Chlorella protothecoides and Ettlia sp. yielded significantly increased lipid productivity under photoheterotrophic conditions compared to photoautotrophic conditions (28.7- and 17.3-fold higher, respectively). Statistical methodologies were also used to investigate the effects of volatile fatty acids and yeast extract on biomass and lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Gon Ryu
- Environmental and Energy Program, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmin Kim
- Center for Water Resources Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Wasif Farooq
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea; Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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21
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A review on production of poly β hydroxybutyrates from cyanobacteria for the production of bio plastics. ALGAL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Yu XZ, Zhang FZ. Effects of exogenous thiocyanate on mineral nutrients, antioxidative responses and free amino acids in rice seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2013; 22:752-60. [PMID: 23549985 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-013-1069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effects of exogenous thiocyanate (SCN(-)) on amino acids composition, content of mineral nutrients and antioxidative systems in plants were investigated. Young rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L. cv. XZX 45) were grown in nutrient solutions amended with potassium thiocyanate (KSCN). Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in plant materials were analyzed in vivo. Mineral nutrients and free amino acids in rice seedlings were also measured to determine metabolic responses to SCN(-) exposure. A significant reduction in transpiration and relative growth was recorded with all treatments (p < 0.05), while changes of total chlorophyll content in leaves was negligible (p > 0.05). SCN-induced toxicity appeared to be more sensitive to activities of POD in shoots and APX activities in roots than the others. The content of nutrient elements in rice seedlings exposed to exogenous SCN(-) was variable, while the effects were more evident at the highest SCN-treatment (p < 0.05). Although the change of total free amino acids in shoots of SCN-exposed seedlings was negligible (p > 0.05), responses of different amino acids to SCN(-) application were quite different. Among fifteen free amino acids detected, serine (Ser), proline (Pro), and methionine (Met) increased, while asparagine (Asp) decreased with an increase of the doses of SCN(-) supplied. Phyto-transport of SCN(-) was apparent and the removal rates were positively correlated to the doses, suggesting that phyto-assimilation of SCN(-) is an enzymatic process through a potentially un-identified degradation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhang Yu
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 41028, PR China.
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23
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Kim YM, Cho HU, Lee DS, Park D, Park JM. Influence of operational parameters on nitrogen removal efficiency and microbial communities in a full-scale activated sludge process. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:5785-5795. [PMID: 21924454 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To improve the efficiency of total nitrogen (TN) removal, solid retention time (SRT) and internal recycling ratio controls were selected as operating parameters in a full-scale activated sludge process treating high strength industrial wastewater. Increased biomass concentration via SRT control enhanced TN removal. Also, decreasing the internal recycling ratio restored the nitrification process, which had been inhibited by phenol shock loading. Therefore, physiological alteration of the bacterial populations by application of specific operational strategies may stabilize the activated sludge process. Additionally, two dominant ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) populations, Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrosomonas nitrosa, were observed in all samples with no change in the community composition of AOB. In a nitrification tank, it was observed that the Nitrobacter populations consistently exceeded those of the Nitrospira within the nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) community. Through using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), nirS, the nitrite reducing functional gene, was observed to predominate in the activated sludge of an anoxic tank, whereas there was the least amount of the narG gene, the nitrate reducing functional gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Mo Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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24
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Variations in methanogenic population structure under overloading of pre-acidified high-strength organic wastewaters. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Liu Z, Wang Y, He N, Huang J, Zhu K, Shao W, Wang H, Yuan W, Li Q. Optimization of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production by excess activated sludge and microbial community analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 185:8-16. [PMID: 20970922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a high value-added and biodegradable thermoplastic, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), was produced by excess activated sludge. The effects of the nutritional condition, aeration mode, sodium acetate concentration and initial pH value on PHB accumulation in the activated sludge were investigated. The maximum PHB content and PHB yield of 67.0% (dry cell weight) and 0.740gCODgCOD(-1) (COD: chemical oxygen demand), respectively, were attained by the sludge in the presence of 6.0gL(-1) sodium acetate, with an initial pH value of 7.0 and intermittent aeration. The analysis of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-denaturing gradient-gel-electrophoresis (DGGE) sequencing indicated that the microbial community of the sludge was significantly different during the process of PHB accumulation. Three PHB-accumulating microorganisms, which were affiliated with the Thauera, Dechloromonas and Competibacter lineages, were found in the excess activated sludge under different operating conditions for PHB accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenggui Liu
- Environmental Science Research Center, College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
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26
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Kim YM, Cho HU, Lee DS, Park C, Park D, Park JM. Response of nitrifying bacterial communities to the increased thiocyanate concentration in pre-denitrification process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:913-922. [PMID: 20933392 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Changes in process performance and the nitrifying bacterial community associated with an increase of thiocyanate (SCN-) loading were investigated in a pre-denitrification process treating industrial wastewater. The increased SCN- loading led to the concentration of total nitrogen (TN) in the final effluent, but increasing the internal recycling ratio as an operation parameter from 2 to 5 resulted in a 21% increase in TN removal efficiency. In the aerobic reactor, we found that the Nitrosomonas europaea lineage was the predominant ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and the percentages of the AOB population within the total bacteria increased from about 4.0% to 17% with increased SCN- concentration. The increase of nitrite loading seemed to change the balance between Nitrospira and Nitrobacter, resulting in the high dominance of Nitrospira over Nitrobacter. Meanwhile, a Thiobacillus thioparus was suggested to be the main microorganism responsible for the SCN- biodegradation observed in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Mo Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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27
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Chi Fru E. Microbial evolution of sulphate reduction when lateral gene transfer is geographically restricted. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2010; 61:1725-1735. [PMID: 20802057 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.026914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lateral gene transfer (LGT) is an important mechanism by which micro-organisms acquire new functions. This process has been suggested to be central to prokaryotic evolution in various environments. However, the influence of geographical constraints on the evolution of laterally acquired genes in microbial metabolic evolution is not yet well understood. In this study, the influence of geographical isolation on the evolution of laterally acquired dissimilatory sulphite reductase (dsr) gene sequences in the sulphate-reducing micro-organisms (SRM) was investigated. Sequences on four continental blocks related to SRM known to have received dsr by LGT were analysed using standard phylogenetic and multidimensional statistical methods. Sequences related to lineages with large genetic diversity correlated positively with habitat divergence. Those affiliated to Thermodesulfobacterium indicated strong biogeographical delineation; hydrothermal-vent sequences clustered independently from hot-spring sequences. Some of the hydrothermal-vent and hot-spring sequences suggested to have been acquired from a common ancestral source may have diverged upon isolation within distinct habitats. In contrast, analysis of some Desulfotomaculum sequences indicated they could have been transferred from different ancestral sources but converged upon isolation within the same niche. These results hint that, after lateral acquisition of dsr genes, barriers to gene flow probably play a strong role in their subsequent evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Chi Fru
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK
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28
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Welsh JP, Patel KG, Manthiram K, Swartz JR. Multiply mutated Gaussia luciferases provide prolonged and intense bioluminescence. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 389:563-8. [PMID: 19825431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) from the copepod Gaussia princeps is both the smallest and brightest known luciferase. GLuc catalyzes the oxidation of coelenterazine to produce an intense blue light but with a very short emission half-life. We report mutated GLucs with much longer luminescence half-lives that retain the same initial intensity as the wild-type enzyme. The GLuc variants were produced using cell-free protein synthesis to provide high yields and rapid production of fully active product as well as simple non-natural amino acid substitution. By incorporating homopropargylglycine and attaching PEG using azide-alkyne click reactions, we also show that the four methionines in GLuc are surface accessible. The mutants provide a significantly improved reporter protein for both in vivo and in vitro studies, and the successful non-natural amino acid incorporation and PEG attachment indicate the feasibility of producing useful bioconjugates using click attachment reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Welsh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 381 North-South Mall, Stanford, CA 94305-5025, USA.
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29
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Fermentation and growth kinetic study of Aeromonas caviae under anaerobic conditions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 83:767-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-1983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Revised: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Unusual bacterial populations observed in a full-scale municipal sludge digester affected by intermittent seawater inputs. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 36:769-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-009-0557-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Roy CS, Talbot G, Topp E, Beaulieu C, Palin MF, Massé DI. Bacterial community dynamics in an anaerobic plug-flow type bioreactor treating swine manure. WATER RESEARCH 2009; 43:21-32. [PMID: 18976789 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A plug-flow type anaerobic reactor consisting of eight sequential compartments was used to study shifts in a bacterial community adapted to degrade swine manure at 25 degrees C. The investigation was carried out during the first 6 months of reactor operation. The reactor successfully separated the hydrolysis/acidogenesis stage from the methanogenesis stage. Bacterial 16S rDNA- and rRNA-based fingerprints obtained through amplicon length heterogeneity PCR (LH-PCR) were analyzed with a view to characterizing the bacterial community structure and the metabolically active community, respectively. Multivariate statistical tools showed that the rDNA-based fingerprints described a more temporal than compartmentalized distribution of similar bacterial communities. By contrast, the rRNA-based multivariate analyses described a distribution that was linked more to reactor performance parameters, especially during short time periods. Diversity indices calculated from fingerprint data were used to assess overall diversity shifts. The decrease in rRNA-based diversity observed through the reactor compartments was greater than the decrease in rDNA-based diversity. This finding indicates that the analysis of metabolically active bacteria diversity was more discriminative than the analysis based on the mere presence of bacteria. The observed decrease in diversity suggests that the bacterial community became specialized in degrading less diversified substrates through the compartments. All these findings suggest that rRNA-based analyses are more appropriate for monitoring reactor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S Roy
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada.
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32
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Shin SG, Lee C, Hwang K, Ahn JH, Hwang S. Use of order-specific primers to investigate the methanogenic diversity in acetate enrichment system. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 35:1345-52. [PMID: 18712555 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-008-0417-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The applicability of order-specific primers in minimizing the possible underestimation of microbial diversity was evaluated via denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of a lab-scale anaerobic digester. Initially, a population analysis with real-time quantitative PCR demonstrated the existence of three methanogenic orders--Methanobacteriales, Methanomicrobiales, and Methanosarcinales--throughout the reaction period. DGGE analyses with three pairs of order-specific primers yielded eight operational taxonomic units (OTUs), whereas DGGE analysis with two independent Archaea-specific primers identified only five. Moreover, the order-specific primers amplified at least one OTU affiliated with each order, whereas no members of Methanobacteriales or Methanomicrobiales were identified with Archaea-specific primers in most samples. These findings provide evidence that order-specific analysis can detect the diversity of methanogens in greater detail than conventional Archaea-specific analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Gu Shin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 790-784, South Korea
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