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Wang D, Zeng N, Li C, Li Z, Zhang N, Li B. Fungal biofilm formation and its regulatory mechanism. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32766. [PMID: 38988529 PMCID: PMC11233959 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal biofilm is a microbial community composed of fungal cells and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). In recent years, fungal biofilms have played an increasingly important role in many fields. However, there are few studies on fungal biofilms and their related applications and development are still far from enough. Therefore, this review summarizes the composition and function of EPS in fungal biofilms, and improves and refines the formation process of fungal biofilms according to the latest viewpoints. Moreover, based on the study of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans, this review summarizes the gene regulation network of fungal biofilm synthesis, which is crucial for systematically understanding the molecular mechanism of fungal biofilm formation. It is of great significance to further develop effective methods at the molecular level to control harmful biofilms or enhance and regulate the formation of beneficial biofilms. Finally, the quorum sensing factors and mixed biofilms formed by fungi in the current research of fungal biofilms are summarized. These results will help to deepen the understanding of the formation process and internal regulation mechanism of fungal biofilm, provide reference for the study of EPS composition and structure, formation, regulation, group behavior and mixed biofilm formation of other fungal biofilms, and provide strategies and theoretical basis for the control, development and utilization of fungal biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, PR China
| | - Nan Zeng
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, PR China
| | - Chunji Li
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510225, PR China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, PR China
| | - Zijing Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, PR China
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, PR China
| | - Bingxue Li
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, PR China
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2
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Jamoussi B, Al-Sharif MNM, Gzara L, Organji H, Almeelbi TB, Chakroun R, Al-Mur BA, Al Makishah NHM, Madkour MHF, Aloufi FA, Halawani RF. Hybrid Zinc Phthalocyanine/PVDF-HFP System for Reducing Biofouling in Water Desalination: DFT Theoretical and MolDock Investigations. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1738. [PMID: 38932087 PMCID: PMC11207365 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fouling and biofouling remain significant challenges in seawater desalination plants. One practical approach to address these issues is to develop anti-biofouling membranes. Therefore, novel hybrid zinc phthalocyanine/polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (Zn(4-PPOx)4Pc/PVDF-HFP) membranes were prepared by electrospinning to evaluate their properties against biofouling. The hybrid nanofiber membrane was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements. The theoretical calculations of PVDF-HFP, Zn(4-PPOx)4Pc), and Zn(4-PPOx)4Pc/PVDF-HFP nanofibers were performed using a hybrid functional RB3LYP and the 6-31 G (d,p) basis set, employing Gaussian 09. DFT calculations illustrated that the calculated physical and electronic parameters ensured the feasibility of the interaction of PVDF-HFP with Zn(4-PPOx)4Pc via a halogen-hydrogen bond, resulting in a highly stable and remarkably reactive structure. Moreover, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps were drawn to identify the reactive regions of the Zn(4-PPOx)4Pc and PVDF-HFP/Zn(4-PPOx)4Pc nanofibers. Molecular docking analysis revealed that Zn(4-PPOx)4Pc has highest binding affinity (-8.56 kcal/mol) with protein from S. aureus (1N67) mainly with ten amino acids (ASP405, LYS374, GLU446, ASN406, ALA441, TYR372, LYS371, TYR448, LYS374, and ALA442). These findings highlight the promising potential of Zn(4-PPOx) 4Pc/PVDF-HFP nanocomposite membranes in improving the efficiency of water desalination by reducing biofouling and providing antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem Jamoussi
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.M.A.-S.); (T.B.A.); (R.C.); (B.A.A.-M.); (N.H.M.A.M.); (M.H.F.M.); (F.A.A.); (R.F.H.)
| | - Mohhamed Naif M. Al-Sharif
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.M.A.-S.); (T.B.A.); (R.C.); (B.A.A.-M.); (N.H.M.A.M.); (M.H.F.M.); (F.A.A.); (R.F.H.)
| | - Lassaad Gzara
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (L.G.); (H.O.)
| | - Hussam Organji
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (L.G.); (H.O.)
| | - Talal B. Almeelbi
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.M.A.-S.); (T.B.A.); (R.C.); (B.A.A.-M.); (N.H.M.A.M.); (M.H.F.M.); (F.A.A.); (R.F.H.)
| | - Radhouane Chakroun
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.M.A.-S.); (T.B.A.); (R.C.); (B.A.A.-M.); (N.H.M.A.M.); (M.H.F.M.); (F.A.A.); (R.F.H.)
| | - Bandar A. Al-Mur
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.M.A.-S.); (T.B.A.); (R.C.); (B.A.A.-M.); (N.H.M.A.M.); (M.H.F.M.); (F.A.A.); (R.F.H.)
| | - Naief H. M. Al Makishah
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.M.A.-S.); (T.B.A.); (R.C.); (B.A.A.-M.); (N.H.M.A.M.); (M.H.F.M.); (F.A.A.); (R.F.H.)
| | - Mohamed H. F. Madkour
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.M.A.-S.); (T.B.A.); (R.C.); (B.A.A.-M.); (N.H.M.A.M.); (M.H.F.M.); (F.A.A.); (R.F.H.)
| | - Fahed A. Aloufi
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.M.A.-S.); (T.B.A.); (R.C.); (B.A.A.-M.); (N.H.M.A.M.); (M.H.F.M.); (F.A.A.); (R.F.H.)
| | - Riyadh F. Halawani
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.M.A.-S.); (T.B.A.); (R.C.); (B.A.A.-M.); (N.H.M.A.M.); (M.H.F.M.); (F.A.A.); (R.F.H.)
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Pechaud Y, Derlon N, Queinnec I, Bessiere Y, Paul E. Modelling biofilm development: The importance of considering the link between EPS distribution, detachment mechanisms and physical properties. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 250:120985. [PMID: 38118257 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
In industry, treatments against biofilms need to be optimized and, in the wastewater treatment field, biofilm composition needs to be controlled. Therefore, describing the biochemical and physical structures of biofilms is now required to better understand the influence of operating parameters and treatment on biofilms. The present study aims to investigate how growth conditions influence EPS composition, biofilm physical properties and volume detachment using a 1D biofilm model. Two types of EPS are considered in the present model, proteins and polysaccharides. The main hypotheses are that: (i) the production of polysaccharides occurs mainly under strong nutrient limitation(s) while the production of proteins is coupled to both the substrate uptake rate and the lysis process; (ii) the local biofilm porosity depends on the local biofilm composition. Both volume and surface detachment occur in biofilms and volume detachment extent depends on the biofilm local cohesion and thus on the local composition of biofilms for a given shear stress. The model is based on experimental trends and aims to represent these observations on the basis of biochemical and physical processes. Four case studies covering a wide range of contrasting growth conditions such as different COD/N ratios, applied SOLR and shear stresses are investigated. The model predicts how the biochemical and physical biofilm structures change as a result of contrasting growth conditions. More precisely simulation results are in good agreement with the main experimental observations reported in the literature, such as: (i) a strong nitrogen limitation of growth induces an important accumulation of polysaccharides leading to a more porous and homogenous biofilm, (ii) a high applied surface organic loading load allows to obtain a high biofilm thickness, (iii) a strong shear stress applied during the biofilm growth leads to a reduction of the biofilm thickness and to a consolidation of the biofilm structure. Overall, this model represents a relevant decision tool for the selection of appropriate enzymatic treatments in the context of negative biofilm control. From our results, it appears that protease based treatments should be more appropriate for biofilms developed under low COD/N ratios (about 20 gCOD/gN) whereas both glucosidases and proteases based treatments should be more appropriate for biofilms developed under high COD/N ratio (about 70 gCOD/gN). In addition, the model could be useful for other applications such as resource recovery in biofilms or granules, and help to better understand biological membrane fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Pechaud
- TBI, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Université de Toulouse, 35 avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France; Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (EA 4508), Université Gustave Eiffel, Marne-la-Vallée 77454, France.
| | - N Derlon
- EAWAG, Ueberlandstrasse 133, P.O Box 611, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - I Queinnec
- CNRS, LAAS, 7 avenue du Colonel Roche, Toulouse F-31400, France
| | - Y Bessiere
- TBI, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Université de Toulouse, 35 avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - E Paul
- TBI, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Université de Toulouse, 35 avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France.
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Yu Y, Pi S, Ke T, Zhou B, Chao W, Yang Y, Li Z, Li G, Ren N, Gao X, Lu L. Artificial Soil-Like Material Enhances CO 2 Bio-Valorization into Chemicals in Gas Fermentation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:53488-53497. [PMID: 37929338 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Gas fermentation offers a carbon-neutral route for producing industrial feedstocks using autotrophic microbes to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) in waste gases, such as industrial emissions and biogas, into valuable chemicals or biofuels. However, slow microbial metabolism owing to low gaseous solubility causes significant challenges in gas fermentation. Although chemical or genetic manipulations have been explored to improve gas fermentation, they are either nonsustainable or complex. Herein, an artificial soil-like material (SLM) inspired by natural soil was fabricated to improve the growth and metabolism ofCupriavidus necatorfor enhanced poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) biosynthesis from CO2 and hydrogen (H2). Porous SLM comprises low-cost nanoclay, boehmite, and starch and serves as a biocarrier to facilitate the colonization of bacteria and delivery of CO2 to bacteria. With 3.0 g/L SLM addition, the solubility of CO2 in water increased by ∼4 times and biomass and PHB production boosted by 29 and 102%, respectively, in the 24 h culture. In addition, a positive modulation was observed in the metabolism of PHB biosynthesis. PHB biosynthesis-associated gene expression was found to be enhanced in response to the SLM addition. The concentrations of intermediates in the metabolic pathway of PHB biosynthesis, such as pyruvate and acetyl-CoA, as well as reducing energy (ATP and NADPH) significantly increased with SLM addition. SLM also demonstrated the merits of easy fabrication, high stability, recyclability, and plasticity, thereby indicating its considerable potential for large-scale application in gas fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shanshan Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tan Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Baiqin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Weixiang Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhida Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology of CAS, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academic of Science, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Yu L, Zhang Q, Li R, Qiao B, Wang Z, Zheng L, Peng D. Extracellular polymeric substances trigger microbial immigration from partial denitrification (PD) to anammox biofilms in a long-term operated PD/anammox process in low-strength wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 229:119382. [PMID: 36446177 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The immigration of microbial communities in a synergistic partial denitrification/anammox (SPDA) system was investigated in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) inoculated with partial denitrification (PD) and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) biofilms. The SPDA system was operated at 25 ± 1 °C over 260 days. The total nitrogen (TN) of the effluent was only 3.71 ± 0.92 mg·L-1 in the stable phase with a TN removal efficiency of 95.23%. The anammox process was the dominant nitrogen removal pathway with an average contribution of 74.31% to TN removal. The results of the in situ activity and key enzymatic activity revealed that the nitrate-reducing bacteria tended to immigrate to anammox biofilms. Correspondingly, the abundance of the genus Thauera, the second most dominant bacteria in anammox biofilms, quickly increased from 0.78 to 10.69% on day 50 and eventually to 16.45% on day 221 according to the Illumina MiSeq sequencing data. The microbial immigration might be caused by different extracellular polymeric substance (EPS)-mediated mechanisms in PD and anammox biofilms. For fast-growing denitrifiers, PD biofilms tend to increase the ability of mass transfer by excreting more polysaccharides to form loosely-bound EPS at the expense of the ability to harbor the nitrate-reducing bacteria. However, for the slow-growing anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB), the anammox biofilms tend to increase the retention of AnAOB by excreting more proteins to form enhanced tightly-bound EPS at the expense of the mass transfer ability, thereby causing the detached nitrate-reducing bacteria to immigrate into anammox biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Yu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13#, Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Qiong Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13#, Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Ren Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13#, Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Bingchuang Qiao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13#, Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Ze Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13#, Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Lanxiang Zheng
- College of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; China Wine Industry Technology Institute, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Dangcong Peng
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13#, Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, China
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Cai J, Yu N, Guan F, Cai X, Hou R, Yuan Y. Response of electroactive biofilms from real wastewater to metal ion shock in bioelectrochemical systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:157158. [PMID: 35798101 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical activity of bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) was proven to be dependent on the stability of electroactive biofilms (EABs), but the response of EABs based on real wastewater to external disturbances is not fully known. Herein, we used real wastewater (beer brewery wastewater) as a substrate for culturing EABs and found that current generation, biomass, redox activity and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content in those EABs were lower as compared to EABs cultured with synthetic wastewaters (acetate and glucose). However, the EABs from the beer brewery wastewater showed moderate anti-shock resistance capability. The proteins and humic acid in loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) exhibited a positive linear relationship with current recovery after Ag+ shock, indicating the importance of LB-EPS for protecting the EABs. Fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy integrated with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy verified that the spectra of the protein-like region of LB-EPS changed considerably under the interference of Ag+ concentration and the CO group of humic acid or proteins was mainly responsible for binding with Ag+ to attenuate its toxicity to the EABs. This is the first study revealing the underlying molecular mechanism of EABs cultured with real wastewater against external heavy metal shock and provides useful insights into enhancing the application of BESs in future water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexuan Cai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Na Yu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fengyi Guan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xixi Cai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Kuschmierz L, Meyer M, Bräsen C, Wingender J, Schmitz OJ, Siebers B. Exopolysaccharide composition and size in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius biofilms. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:982745. [PMID: 36225367 PMCID: PMC9549778 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.982745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) comprise mainly carbohydrates, proteins and extracellular DNA (eDNA) in biofilms formed by the thermoacidophilic Crenarchaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. However, detailed information on the carbohydrates in the S. acidocaldarius biofilm EPS, i.e., the exopolysaccharides (PS), in terms of identity, composition and size were missing. In this study, a set of methods was developed and applied to study the PS in S. acidocaldarius biofilms. It was initially shown that addition of sugars, most significantly of glucose, to the basal N-Z-amine-based growth medium enhanced biofilm formation. For the generation of sufficient amounts of biomass suitable for chemical analyses, biofilm growth was established and optimized on the surface of membrane filters. EPS were isolated and the contents of carbohydrates, proteins and eDNA were determined. PS purification was achieved by enzymatic digestion of other EPS components (nucleic acids and proteins). After trifluoroacetic acid-mediated hydrolysis of the PS fraction, the monosaccharide composition was analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). Main sugar constituents detected were mannose, glucose and ribose, as well as minor proportions of rhamnose, N-acetylglucosamine, glucosamine and galactosamine. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) revealed the presence of one single PS fraction with a molecular mass of 4-9 × 104 Da. This study provides detailed information on the PS composition and size of S. acidocaldarius MW001 biofilms and methodological tools for future studies on PS biosynthesis and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kuschmierz
- Molecular Enzyme Technology and Biochemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Meyer
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Teaching and Research Center for Separation, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christopher Bräsen
- Molecular Enzyme Technology and Biochemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jost Wingender
- Aquatic Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver J. Schmitz
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Teaching and Research Center for Separation, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Oliver J. Schmitz,
| | - Bettina Siebers
- Molecular Enzyme Technology and Biochemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Bettina Siebers,
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Li J, Hao X, Gan W, van Loosdrecht MCM, Wu Y. Enhancing extraction of alginate like extracellular polymers (ALE) from flocculent sludge by surfactants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155673. [PMID: 35508248 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alginate like extracellular polymers (ALE) recovered from flocculent sludge has been identified as a kind of highly valuable biomaterials. However, the extraction protocols limit the production of biopolymers as ALE extracted from flocculent sludge is at a lower level, around 90-190 mg/g VSS. Under this circumstance, the eco-friendly and effective optimizations for the ALE extraction protocols are expected, and thus surfactants have gained an attention to enhancing the ALE extraction. With this study, different surfactants with different structures and chemical characteristics, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and octyl phenyl polyoxyethylene ether (Triton X-100), were experimented to improve the ALE extraction, and in turn the optimal conditions and the associated mechanisms were evaluated and figured out. The experimental results indicated that surfactants could enhance the ALE extraction but also improve the alginate purification of ALE. With the optimal dosage of surfactants, the ALE extraction increased from 124.1 mg/g VSS to about 222.8-281.9 mg/g VSS, and the alginate purify was at around 54%-70%, in which the efficiency of the ALE extraction was improved by 79.5%-127.2%. Among others, Triton X-100 had the best performance on improving the ALE extraction, followed by CTAB and SDS. The mechanisms of surfactants on enhancing the ALE extraction and improving the alginate purify can be attributed to: i) surfactants micelles, which can solubilize flocs and extracellular biopolymers; ii) similar structures of surfactants and ALE, which follows the rule of "like dissolves like"; iii) functional groups adsorption, which facilitates the ALE release from matrixes. In a word, the optimized extraction protocol by using surfactants can be effectively applied to extract ALE from flocculent sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre of Future Urban Design, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Hao
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre of Future Urban Design, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China.
| | - Wei Gan
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre of Future Urban Design, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre of Future Urban Design, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China; Dept. of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre of Future Urban Design, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
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Misic C, Rafael A, Covazzi Harriague A. Organic matter production and recycling in marine biofilm developing on common and new plastics. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 180:105729. [PMID: 36007343 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To face the recent pandemic and comply with international legislation, new plastic objects (surgical masks, nitrile gloves, compostable plastics) have been produced, with a significant increase of their input into the marine environment, together with other common plastics. Given that floating plastic provides a suitable surface for settlement of micro-organism, biofilm accretion was studied in laboratory experiments. The characteristics of biofilm in terms of organic matter production and recycling were evaluated under natural and forced conditions, some of them resembling anthropogenic-affected states (eutrophication) and others environmental variability (darkness and oligotrophy). Under natural conditions, the different plastics, due to their structure and composition, hosted different biofilms. Thicker biofilm was observed on surgical mask and compostable plastic (organic carbon maxima of 35.0 ± 4.7 μg cm-2 and 4.3 ± 0.8 μg cm-2, respectively). Compostable plastic hosted a higher carbohydrate quantity than polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene and nitrile (on average 8.0 ± 0.8 μg cm-2 vs 3.6 ± 1.6 μg cm-2 for the others). The multi-layer structure of masks and the composition of compostable plastic were the main factors responsible for these differences. Polystyrene and nitrile hosted a higher photoautotrophic biomass, with chlorophyll-a maxima higher than 50 μg cm-2 vs values lower than 10 μg cm-2 for compostable plastic. Inhibition of photosynthetic activity (darkness) allowed a greater biofilm mass, which in natural aphotic zone, may enhance the sinking of plastics. The large availability of carbon (eutrophication) allowed thicker biofilms, providing seawater of additional organic matter load. These biofilms could protect pathogenic organisms, especially on disposable protection equipment, allowing a larger spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Misic
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Italy.
| | - Adisy Rafael
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Italy
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Lin Z, Cheng S, Li H, Jin B, He X. Highly selective and sensitive nitrite biocathode biosensor prepared by polarity inversion method coupled with selective removal of interfering electroactive bacteria. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 214:114507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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11
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Xing L, Yang J, Ni BJ, Yang C, Yuan C, Li A. Insight into the generation and consumption mechanism of tightly bound and loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances by mathematical modeling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:152359. [PMID: 34921879 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The quantity of tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances (TB-EPS) and loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS) are recognized to be crucial for activated sludge flocculability and settleability. However, the generation and consumption mechanisms of TB-EPS and LB-EPS are vague, and there is no effective model to quantitatively predict LB-EPS and TB-EPS. In this work, a decrease in LB-EPS and TB-EPS was verified to increase the absolute value of the zeta potential and decrease the sludge settling volume, which affects the flocculation and settling performance of sludge. Hence, we comparatively developed, calibrated and validated two different mathematical model structure (named expanded unified model-TL1 and expanded unified model-TL2), aiming to systematically reveal the generation and consumption mechanism of TB-EPS and LB-EPS and quantitatively predict changes of TB-EPS and LB-EPS. On the basis of microbial physiology and the existing literature, two different mechanisms of the generation and consumption of TB-EPS and LB-EPS are described. According to the validation performed, expanded unified model-TL2 fit better with experimental TB-EPS and LB-EPS, which described with the hypotheses: (i) TB-EPS and LB-EPS are simultaneously generated while activate biomass growth on external substrate, (ii) LB-EPS can also be hydrolyzed by TB-EPS, and (iii) Biomass-associated products (BAP) are hydrolyzed by LB-EPS, and it was further proven to be more realistic from the perspective of microbial physiology. This study systematically revealed the generation and consumption mechanism of TB-EPS and LB-EPS by mathematical modeling, and provides a basis for regulating the concentrations of them to improve sludge settling capacity and system stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China.
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Meyer M, Montero L, Meckelmann SW, Schmitz OJ. Comparative study for analysis of carbohydrates in biological samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2117-2130. [PMID: 34928405 PMCID: PMC8821481 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03845-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a comparative study for the analysis of carbohydrates for four common chromatographic methods, each coupled to mass spectrometry. Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) and gas chromatography (GC) with detection by triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (QqQ-MS) are compared. It is shown that gas chromatography and reversed-phase liquid chromatography, each after derivatisation, are superior to the other two methods in terms of separation performance. Furthermore, comparing the different working modes of the mass spectrometer, it can be determined that a targeted analysis, i.e. moving from full scan to single ion monitoring (SIM) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), results in an improvement in the sensitivity as well as the repeatability of the method, which has deficiencies especially in the analysis using HILIC. Overall, RP-LC-MS in MRM after derivatisation with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) proved to be the most suitable method in terms of separation performance, sensitivity and repeatability for the analysis of monosaccharides. Detection limits in the nanomolar range were achieved, which corresponds to a mass concentration in the low µg/L range. The applicability of this method to different biological samples was investigated with various herbal liquors, pectins and a human glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Meyer
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Teaching and Research Center for Separation, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Lidia Montero
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Teaching and Research Center for Separation, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven W Meckelmann
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Teaching and Research Center for Separation, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver J Schmitz
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
- Teaching and Research Center for Separation, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
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Ruiz-Hernando M, Vinardell S, Labanda J, Llorens J. Effect of ultrasonication on waste activated sludge rheological properties and process economics. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 208:117855. [PMID: 34801818 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study provides an overall view of the effect of the ultrasound treatment on waste activated sludge (WAS) rheological and dewatering properties as well as its impact on the economic balance of a theoretical wastewater treatment plant. The results showed that ultrasonication at 27,000 kJ/kg TS increased the soluble protein concentration (> 100%), bound water content (∼25%), and capillary suction time (> 100%) of WAS. The molecular weight distribution of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) revealed that the ultrasound treatment solubilised a portion of the peptides and low-molecular-weight proteins. The thixotropic behaviour of the WAS was analysed by means of a rheological structural model that defines the time evolution of a structural parameter as a function of kinetic coefficients for the breakdown and build-up processes. The ultrasound treatment reduced the kinetic coefficients for the breakdown process and changed the fast speed of alignment of flocs because of the reduction of WAS structures. Similarly, the creep tests revealed that the ultrasound treatment at 27,000 kJ/kg TS reduced the initial elasticity (∼80%) and the zero-shear rate viscosity (∼60%), which means that the internal structure of the WAS loosened and disrupted. Finally, a techno-economic analysis showed that ultrasonication was not yet economically favourable since its implementation increased 14% the net cost for WAS treatment and disposal. However, a sensitivity analysis illustrated that increasing electricity revenue and reducing biosolids disposal costs through improvement in WAS biodegradability is important to make ultrasound implementation economically attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ruiz-Hernando
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - S Vinardell
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - J Labanda
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - J Llorens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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Rehman ZU, Vrouwenvelder JS, Saikaly PE. Physicochemical Properties of Extracellular Polymeric Substances Produced by Three Bacterial Isolates From Biofouled Reverse Osmosis Membranes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:668761. [PMID: 34349735 PMCID: PMC8328090 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.668761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the chemical composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by three bacteria (RO1, RO2, and RO3) isolated from a biofouled reverse osmosis (RO) membrane. We isolated pure cultures of three bacterial strains from a 7-year-old biofouled RO module that was used in a full-scale seawater treatment plant. All the bacterial strains showed similar growth rates, biofilm formation, and produced similar quantities of proteins and polysaccharides. The gel permeation chromatography showed that the EPS produced by all the strains has a high molecular weight; however, the EPS produced by strains RO1 and RO3 showed the highest molecular weight. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR), and Carbon NMR (13C NMR) were used for a detailed characterization of the EPS. These physicochemical analyses allowed us to identify features of EPS that are important for biofilm formation. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of α-1,4 glycosidic linkages (920 cm-1) and amide II (1,550 cm-1) in the EPS, the presence of which has been correlated with the fouling potential of bacteria. The presence of α-glycoside linkages was further confirmed by 13C NMR analysis. The 13C NMR analysis also showed that the EPS produced by these bacteria is chemically similar to foulants obtained from biofouled RO membranes in previous studies. Therefore, our results support the hypothesis that the majority of substances that cause fouling on RO membranes originate from bacteria. Investigation using 1H NMR showed that the EPS contained a high abundance of hydrophobic compounds, and these compounds can lead to flux decline in the membrane processes. Genome sequencing of the isolates showed that they represent novel species of bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus. Examination of genomes showed that these bacteria carry carbohydrates-active enzymes that play a role in the production of polysaccharides. Further genomic studies allowed us to identify proteins involved in the biosynthesis of EPS and flagella involved in biofilm formation. These analyses provide a glimpse into the physicochemical properties of EPS found on the RO membrane. This knowledge can be useful in the rational design of biofilm control treatments for the RO membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Ur Rehman
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Johannes S Vrouwenvelder
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pascal E Saikaly
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Liu T, Xu J, Tian R, Quan X. Enhanced simultaneous nitrification and denitrification via adding N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) in integrated floating fixed-film activated sludge process. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Tian L, Yin Y, Bing W, Jin E. Antifouling Technology Trends in Marine Environmental Protection. JOURNAL OF BIONIC ENGINEERING 2021; 18:239-263. [PMID: 33815489 PMCID: PMC7997792 DOI: 10.1007/s42235-021-0017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Marine fouling is a worldwide problem, which is harmful to the global marine ecological environment and economic benefits. The traditional antifouling strategy usually uses toxic antifouling agents, which gradually exposes a serious environmental problem. Therefore, green, long-term, broad-spectrum and eco-friendly antifouling technologies have been the main target of engineers and researchers. In recent years, many eco-friendly antifouling technologies with broad application prospects have been developed based on the low toxicity and non-toxicity antifouling agents and materials. In this review, contemporary eco-friendly antifouling technologies and materials are summarized into bionic antifouling and non-bionic antifouling strategies (2000-2020). Non-bionic antifouling technologies mainly include protein resistant polymers, antifoulant releasing coatings, foul release coatings, conductive antifouling coatings and photodynamic antifouling technology. Bionic antifouling technologies mainly include the simulated shark skin, whale skin, dolphin skin, coral tentacles, lotus leaves and other biology structures. Brief future research directions and challenges are also discussed in the end, and we expect that this review would boost the development of marine antifouling technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022 China
- Weihai Institute for Bionics-Jilin University, Weihai, 264207 China
| | - Yue Yin
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022 China
| | - Wei Bing
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022 China
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012 China
| | - E. Jin
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022 China
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Ajao V, Fokkink R, Leermakers F, Bruning H, Rijnaarts H, Temmink H. Bioflocculants from wastewater: Insights into adsorption affinity, flocculation mechanisms and mixed particle flocculation based on biopolymer size-fractionation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 581:533-544. [PMID: 32814184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.07.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced from wastewater are generally heterodispersed, which is expected to influence their flocculation performances and mechanism, particularly in mixed particle systems. The different molecular weight (MW) fractions should contribute to the overall adsorption affinity and flocculation mechanism of EPS in single and dual clay systems. EXPERIMENTS EPS harvested from bioreactors were size-fractionated into high, medium and low MW fractions (HMW, MMW, LMW, respectively). The harvested mixed EPS and its fractions were characterised by diverse analytical techniques coupled with optical reflectometry to investigate the role of each EPS fraction in the overall flocculation mechanism of EPS in kaolinite and montmorillonite clay systems. FINDINGS In single clay systems, both the harvested mixed EPS and the HMW-EPS fraction showed comparable flocculation performances. However, mixed EPS proved to be more efficient than the HMW-EPS fraction for dual clay flocculation. Site blocking effects were observed in mixed EPS: the LMW and MMW EPS first adsorbed to the surface due to higher diffusivities and faster mass transfer to the interface, while the HMW-EPS were slowly transported but were attached to the surface irreversibly and stronger than the LMW/MMW-EPS. We propose from this, a mixed EPS adsorption mechanism: extended anionic polymer tails in solution, thereby enhancing particle flocculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Ajao
- Wetsus - European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8911 CC Leeuwarden, Netherlands; Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | - Remco Fokkink
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 8038, 6700 Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | - Frans Leermakers
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 8038, 6700 Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | - Harry Bruning
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | - Huub Rijnaarts
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | - Hardy Temmink
- Wetsus - European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8911 CC Leeuwarden, Netherlands; Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands.
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18
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Kondratyeva LM, Shadrina OS, Litvinenko ZN, Golubeva EM, Konovalova NS. Microbial Biofilms in the Proshchal’naya Karst Cave (Far East, Russia). Microbiology (Reading) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261720050124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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19
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Maqbool T, Ly QV, Asif MB, Ng HY, Zhang Z. Fate and role of fluorescence moieties in extracellular polymeric substances during biological wastewater treatment: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 718:137291. [PMID: 32087584 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In biological wastewater treatment systems, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are continuously excreted as a response to environmental changes and substrate conditions. It could severely affect the treatment efficacy such as membrane fouling, dewaterability and the formation of carcinogenic disinfection by-products (DBPs). The heterogeneous dissolved organic matter (DOM) with varying size and chemical nature constitute a primary proportion of EPS. In the last few decades, fluorescence spectroscopy has received increasing attention for characterizing these organic substances due to the attractive features of this low-cost spectroscopic approach, including easy sample handling, rapid, non-destructive and highly sensitive nature. In this review, we summarize the application of fluorescence spectroscopy for characterizing EPS and provide the potential implications for online monitoring of water quality along with its limitations. We also link the dynamics of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) in EPS with operational and environmental changes in wastewater treatment systems as well as their associations with metal binding, membrane fouling, adsorption, toxicity, and dewaterability. The multiple modes of exploration of fluorescence spectra, such as synchronous spectra with or without coupling with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS), excitation-emission matrix (EEM) deconvoluted fluorescence regional integration (FRI), and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) are also discussed. The potential fluorescence indicators to depict the composition and bulk characteristics of EPS are also of interest. Further studies are highly recommended to expand the application of fluorescence spectroscopy paired with appropriate supplementary techniques to fully unravel the underlying mechanisms associated with EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Maqbool
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Quang Viet Ly
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Muhammad Bilal Asif
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - How Yong Ng
- National University of Singapore Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhenghua Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
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Navada S, Knutsen MF, Bakke I, Vadstein O. Nitrifying biofilms deprived of organic carbon show higher functional resilience to increases in carbon supply. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7121. [PMID: 32346018 PMCID: PMC7189377 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64027-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In nitrifying biofilms, the organic carbon to ammonia nitrogen (C/N) supply ratio can influence resource competition between heterotrophic and nitrifying bacteria for oxygen and space. We investigated the impact of acute and chronic changes in carbon supply on inter-guild competition in two moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR), operated with (R1) and without (R0) external organic carbon supply. The microbial and nitrifying community composition of the reactors differed significantly. Interestingly, acute increases in the dissolved organic carbon inhibited nitrification in R1 ten times more than in R0. A sustained increase in the carbon supply decreased nitrification efficiency and increased denitrification activity to a greater extent in R1, and also increased the proportion of potential denitrifiers in both bioreactors. The findings suggest that autotrophic biofilms subjected to increases in carbon supply show higher nitrification and lower denitrification activity than carbon-fed biofilms. This has significant implications for the design of nitrifying bioreactors. Specifically, efficient removal of organic matter before the nitrification unit can improve the robustness of the bioreactor to varying influent quality. Thus, maintaining a low C/N ratio is important in nitrifying biofilters when acute carbon stress is expected or when anoxic activity (e.g. denitrification or H2S production) is undesirable, such as in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharada Navada
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway. .,Krüger Kaldnes AS (Veolia Water Technologies), N-3241, Sandefjord, Norway.
| | - Maja F Knutsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Oxy Solutions, Gaustadalleen 21, N-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Bakke
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Olav Vadstein
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
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Jaouad Y, Villain-Gambier M, Mandi L, Marrot B, Ouazzani N. Key process parameters involved in the treatment of olive mill wastewater by membrane bioreactor. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:3162-3175. [PMID: 29634406 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1464064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Olive Mill Wastewater (OMWW) biodegradation in an external ceramic membrane bioreactor (MBR) was investigated with a starting acclimation step with a Ultrafiltration (UF) membrane (150 kDa) and no sludge discharge in order to develop a specific biomass adapted to OMWW biodegradation. After acclimation step, UF was replaced by an Microfiltration (MF) membrane (0.1 µm). Sludge Retention Time (SRT) was set around 25 days and Food to Microorganisms ratio (F/M) was fixed at 0.2 kgCOD kgMLVSS-1 d-1. At stable state, removal of the main phenolic compounds (hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were successfully reached (95% both). Considered as a predominant fouling factor, but never quantified in MBR treated OMWW, Soluble Microbial Products (SMP) proteins, polysaccharides and humic substances concentrations were determined (80, 110 and 360 mg L-1 respectively). At the same time, fouling was easily managed due to favourable hydraulic conditions of external ceramic MBR. Therefore, OMWW could be efficiently and durably treated by an MF MBR process under adapted operating parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jaouad
- Laboratory of Hydrobiology Ecotoxicology and Sanitation (LHEA URAC 33), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University Cadi Ayyad , Marrakech , Morocco
- National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy (CNEREE), BP/511, University Cadi Ayyad , Marrakech , Morocco
| | - M Villain-Gambier
- Laboratoire de Reconnaissance et Procédés de Séparation Moléculaire (RePSeM), Université de Strasbourg, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC) , Strasbourg , France
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille , M2P2 UMR 7340, 13545 Aix en Provence , France
| | - L Mandi
- Laboratory of Hydrobiology Ecotoxicology and Sanitation (LHEA URAC 33), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University Cadi Ayyad , Marrakech , Morocco
- National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy (CNEREE), BP/511, University Cadi Ayyad , Marrakech , Morocco
| | - B Marrot
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille , M2P2 UMR 7340, 13545 Aix en Provence , France
| | - N Ouazzani
- Laboratory of Hydrobiology Ecotoxicology and Sanitation (LHEA URAC 33), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University Cadi Ayyad , Marrakech , Morocco
- National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy (CNEREE), BP/511, University Cadi Ayyad , Marrakech , Morocco
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22
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Bordoloi A, Gapes DJ, Gostomski PA. The impact of environmental parameters on the conversion of toluene to CO 2 and extracellular polymeric substances in a differential soil biofilter. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 232:304-314. [PMID: 31154192 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The fraction of pollutant converted to CO2 versus biomass in biofiltration influences the process efficacy and the lifetime of the bed due to pressure drop increases. This work determined the relative quantitative importance and potential interactions between three critical environmental parameters: toluene concentration (Tol), matric potential (ψ) and temperature (T) on % CO2, elimination capacity (EC) and the production rate of non-CO2 products. These parameters are the most variable in typical biofilter operation. The data was fit to a non-linear model of the form y=a(Tol)bTcψd. A rigorous carbon balance (100.5 ± 7.0%) tracked the fate of degraded toluene as CO2 and non-CO2 carbon endpoints. The % CO2 mineralization varied from (34-91%) with environmental parameters: temperature (20-40 °C), matric potential, (-10 to -100 cmH2O) and residual toluene, (20-180 ppm). The highest conversion to CO2 was at the wettest conditions (-10 cmH2O) and lowest residual toluene concentration (18 ppm). Matric potential had twice the impact of toluene concentration on % CO2, while temperature had less impact. The elimination capacity varied from 11 to 50 gC⋅m-3h-1 and was highest at 40 °C, the wettest conditions with limited impact by toluene concentrations. Temperature increased the EC and non-CO2 production rates strongly while matric potential and toluene concentration had less influence (4x - 10x less). This study illustrated the quantitative significance and simultaneous interaction between critical environmental parameters on carbon endpoints and biofilter performance. This kind of multivariable parameter study provides valuable insights which can address performance and clogging issues in biofilters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achinta Bordoloi
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 80411, New Zealand; Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | | | - Peter A Gostomski
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 80411, New Zealand
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Lotti T, Carretti E, Berti D, Martina MR, Lubello C, Malpei F. Extraction, recovery and characterization of structural extracellular polymeric substances from anammox granular sludge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 236:649-656. [PMID: 30772722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The composition and colloidal properties of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from anammox granular sludge were investigated through a complete set of spectroscopic and scattering techniques. To fully characterize EPS, we developed a robust and reproducible extraction/recovery protocol specific for anammox biofilms, based on the change of water affinity under alternated alkaline and acidic conditions, each monitored with Z-potential and dynamic light scattering analysis. This method enabled both extraction as a colloidal suspension and recovery as a solid of large amounts of EPS (0.38 ± 0.04 and 0.21 ± 0.02 g/g, respectively), including for the first time its structural components. The dominance of the proteinaceous fraction was revealed by all methods tested, resulting in the highest protein/carbohydrates ratio reported for biofilms applied in the wastewater sector. The abundance of proteinaceous ordered structures and in particular of cross-β motifs was detected, indicating for the first time the presence of amyloid-like aggregates in anammox EPS, and suggesting the key role of the protein fraction in determining the mechanical properties of the parent biofilm. The robustness and reproducibility of the proposed method fill the current gap towards a reliable full-scale recovery as well as towards an accurate and meaningful investigation of anammox EPS and pave the way for further exploration of their applicative potential thus stimulating the desirable shift from the current wastewater treatment perspective towards biorefinery in a circular economy context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Lotti
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic University of Milan, Via Golgi 39, 20133 Milan, Italy; Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Florence, Via di Santa Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Emiliano Carretti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" & CSGI Consortium, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Florence, Italy.
| | - Debora Berti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" & CSGI Consortium, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Florence, Italy.
| | - Maria Raffaella Martina
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" & CSGI Consortium, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Florence, Italy.
| | - Claudio Lubello
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Florence, Via di Santa Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Francesca Malpei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic University of Milan, Via Golgi 39, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Seviour T, Derlon N, Dueholm MS, Flemming HC, Girbal-Neuhauser E, Horn H, Kjelleberg S, van Loosdrecht MCM, Lotti T, Malpei MF, Nerenberg R, Neu TR, Paul E, Yu H, Lin Y. Extracellular polymeric substances of biofilms: Suffering from an identity crisis. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 151:1-7. [PMID: 30557778 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms can be both cause and cure to a range of emerging societal problems including antimicrobial tolerance, water sanitation, water scarcity and pollution. The identities of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) responsible for the establishment and function of biofilms are poorly understood. The lack of information on the chemical and physical identities of EPS limits the potential to rationally engineer biofilm processes, and impedes progress within the water and wastewater sector towards a circular economy and resource recovery. Here, a multidisciplinary roadmap for addressing this EPS identity crisis is proposed. This involves improved EPS extraction and characterization methodologies, cross-referencing between model biofilms and full-scale biofilm systems, and functional description of isolated EPS with in situ techniques (e.g. microscopy) coupled with genomics, proteomics and glycomics. The current extraction and spectrophotometric characterization methods, often based on the principle not to compromise the integrity of the microbial cells, should be critically assessed, and more comprehensive methods for recovery and characterization of EPS need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Seviour
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore.
| | - Nicolas Derlon
- EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Process Engineering, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Morten Simonsen Dueholm
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hans-Curt Flemming
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore; University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Chemistry, Biofilm Centre, Essen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Girbal-Neuhauser
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Agroalimentaire et Environmentale (LBAE), Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Harald Horn
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology and DVGW Research Laboratories, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
| | | | - Tommaso Lotti
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering - DICEA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - M Francesca Malpei
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Robert Nerenberg
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA
| | - Thomas R Neu
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Etienne Paul
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Hanqing Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuemei Lin
- Department of Biotechcnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands.
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Blanco Y, Rivas LA, González-Toril E, Ruiz-Bermejo M, Moreno-Paz M, Parro V, Palacín A, Aguilera Á, Puente-Sánchez F. Environmental parameters, and not phylogeny, determine the composition of extracellular polymeric substances in microbial mats from extreme environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:384-393. [PMID: 30199683 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to establish biofilms is a key trait for microorganisms growing in extreme environments. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) present in biofilms provide not only surface attachment, but also protection against all kinds of environmental stressors, including desiccation, salinity, temperature or heavy metal pollution. The acquisition of suitable biofilm characteristics might thus be an important process mediating the adaptation of microorganisms to novel environmental conditions. In this work we have characterized the EPS of 20 phylogenetically diverse biofilms collected in situ from five contrasting extreme environments, including two geothermal areas (Copahue, Argentina; Seltun, Iceland), two cold areas (Pastoruri glacier, Peru; Byers Peninsula, Antarctica) and one extremely acidic river (Río Tinto, Spain). Biofilms were subjected to biochemical characterization, glycan profiling and immunoprofiling with an antibody microarray. Our results showed that environmental conditions strongly influence biofilm characteristics, with microorganisms from the same environment achieving similar EPS compositions regardless of the phylogeny of their main species. The concentration of some monosaccharides in the EPS could be related to environmental conditions such as temperature or heavy metal toxicity, suggesting that in some cases stress resistance can be mediated by specific sugars. Overall, our results highlight the existence of conserved EPS compositional patterns for each extreme environment, which could in turn be exploited to engineer ecological adaptations in genetically modified microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Blanco
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Carretera de Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alfonso Rivas
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Carretera de Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena González-Toril
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Carretera de Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Bermejo
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Carretera de Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Moreno-Paz
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Carretera de Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Parro
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Carretera de Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arantxa Palacín
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Carretera de Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Aguilera
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Carretera de Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Puente-Sánchez
- Systems Biology Program, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, C/Darwin n° 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Dubé CD, Guiot SR. Characterization of the protein fraction of the extracellular polymeric substances of three anaerobic granular sludges. AMB Express 2019; 9:23. [PMID: 30729349 PMCID: PMC6367495 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0746-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play major roles in the efficacy of biofilms such as anaerobic granules, ranging from structural stability to more specific functions. The EPS of three granular anaerobic sludges of different origins were studied and compared. Particularly, the peptides from the protein fraction were identified by mass spectrometry. Desulfoglaeba and Treponema bacterial genera and Methanosaeta and Methanobacterium archaeal genera were prominent in all three sludges. Methanosaeta concilii proteins were the most represented in EPS of all three sludges studied. Principally, four proteins found in the three sludges, the S-layer protein, the CO-methylating acetyl-CoA synthase, an ABC transporter substrate-binding protein and the methyl-coenzyme M reductase, were expressed by Methanosaeta concilii. Mainly catabolic enzymes were found from the 45 proteins identified in the protein fraction of EPS. This suggests that EPS may have a role in allowing extracellular catabolic reactions.
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27
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Huang H, Peng C, Peng P, Lin Y, Zhang X, Ren H. Towards the biofilm characterization and regulation in biological wastewater treatment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:1115-1129. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Bordoloi A, Gostomski PA. Fate of degraded pollutants in waste gas biofiltration: An overview of carbon end-points. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 37:579-588. [PMID: 30308222 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The fate of the carbon from degraded pollutants in biofiltration is not well understood. The issue of missing carbon needs to be addressed quantitatively to better understand and model biofilter performance. Elucidating the various carbon end-points in various phases should contribute to the fundamental understanding of the degradation kinetics and metabolic pathways as a function of various environmental parameters. This article reviews the implications of key environmental parameters on the carbon end-points. Various studies are evaluated reporting carbon recovery over a multitude of parameters and operational conditions with respect to the analytical measurements and reported distribution of the carbon end-points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achinta Bordoloi
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Peter A Gostomski
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
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29
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Optimization of the chemolithoautotrophic biofilm growth of Cupriavidus necator by means of electrochemical hydrogen synthesis. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0382-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Desmond P, Best JP, Morgenroth E, Derlon N. Linking composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to the physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 132:211-221. [PMID: 29331909 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the meso-scale physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms during gravity driven membrane (GDM) filtration was investigated. Biofilms were developed on the surface of ultrafiltration membranes during dead-end filtration at ultra-low pressure (70 mbar). Biofilm EPS composition (total protein, polysaccharide and eDNA) was manipulated by growing biofilms under contrasting nutrient conditions. Nutrient conditions consisted of (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P), (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0), and (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10). The structure of the biofilm was characterised at meso-scale using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Biofilm composition was analysed with respect to total organic carbon, total cellular mass and extracellular concentrations of proteins, polysaccharides, and eDNA. 2D-confocal Raman mapping was used to characterise the functional group composition and micro-scale distribution of the biofilms EPS. Our study reveals that the composition of the EPS matrix can determine the meso-scale physical structure of membrane biofilms and in turn its hydraulic resistance. Biofilms grown under P limiting conditions were characterised by dense and homogeneous physical structures with high concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA. Biofilm grown under nutrient enriched or N limiting conditions were characterised by heterogeneous physical structures with lower concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA. For P limiting biofilms, 2D-confocal Raman microscopy revealed a homogeneous spatial distribution of anionic functional groups in homogeneous biofilm structures with higher polysaccharide and eDNA concentrations. This study links EPS composition, physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms, with practical relevance for the hydraulic performances of GDM ultrafiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Desmond
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Institute of Environmental Engineering, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - James P Best
- Empa - Swiss Federal Institute for Material Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH-3602 Thun, Switzerland.
| | - Eberhard Morgenroth
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Institute of Environmental Engineering, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolas Derlon
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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31
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Wang BB, Liu XT, Chen JM, Peng DC, He F. Composition and functional group characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: the impacts of polymerization degree of proteinaceous substrates. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 129:133-142. [PMID: 29145083 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge strongly depend on wastewater substrates. Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form are intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems. However, correlations between ProS and characteristics of EPS are scarce. This study systematically explored the impacts of monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS on compositions and functional groups of EPS in activated sludge. The results showed that the change of polymerization degree of ProS significantly altered the composition of EPS. Compared to EPSMono-ProS, the proportion of proteins in EPSLoP-ProS and EPSHiP-ProS increased by 12.8% and 27.7%, respectively, while that of polysaccharides decreased by 22.9% and 63.6%, respectively. Moreover, the proportion of humic compounds in EPSLoP-ProS and EPSHiP-ProS were ∼6 and ∼16-fold higher than that in EPSMono-ProS, respectively. The accumulation of humic compounds in EPS increased the unsaturation degree of EPS molecules, and thereby reduced the energy requirement for electrons transition of amide bonds and aromatic groups. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analyses detected more molecular clusters in EPSHiP-ProS, indicating more complex composition of EPS in HiP-ProS fed activated sludge. Spectroscopic characterization revealed the dominance of hydrocarbon, protein, polysaccharide and aromatic associated bonds in all three EPS. Nevertheless, with the increase of polymerization degree of ProS, the protein associated bonds (such as CONH, CO, NC, NH) increased, while the polysaccharide associated bonds (such as COC, COH, OCOH) decreased. This paper paves a path to understand the role of ProS in affecting the production and characteristics of EPS in biological wastewater treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Xue-Ting Liu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Jian-Meng Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Dang-Cong Peng
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710055, China
| | - Feng He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
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Purification of Dye-stuff Contained Wastewater by a Hybrid Adsorption-Periphyton Reactor (HAPR): Performance and Mechanisms. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9635. [PMID: 28852105 PMCID: PMC5574932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an environmental-benign bio-measure that could be used to purify dye-contaminated wastewater. Herein, a hybrid adsorption-periphyton reactor (HAPR), combining a bioadsorbent based adsorption unit and a periphyton-based photo-bioreactor (PPBR), was built and applied for the first time. Firstly, an efficient bioadsorbent, i.e, microwave-activated swede rape hull (MSRH), was produced, characterized and applied in an adsorption column, to pretreat methylene blue (MB) wastewater with high concentration (~100 mg L−1 or higher). Thereafter, the effluent of adsorption column, with lower dye concentration (~0.5 mg L−1), was collected and further purified by PPBR. Results showed that dye removal efficiency by HAPR was 99.95% (from 200 mg L−1 to 0.1 mg L−1 or lower). Decolorization mechanisms by PPBR, included adsorption process by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the surface of periphyton and degradation process. The study showed that HAPR was a novel, environmental friendly, efficient and promising dye-purification method and deserved further attention in future investigation.
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33
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Effect of surface conditioning with cellular extracts on Escherichia coli adhesion and initial biofilm formation. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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35
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Tsuchiya Y, Eda S, Kiriyama C, Asada T, Morisaki H. Analysis of Dissolved Organic Nutrients in the Interstitial Water of Natural Biofilms. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2016; 72:85-95. [PMID: 26961802 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0749-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In biofilms, the matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) retains water in the interstitial region of the EPS. This interstitial water is the ambient environment for microorganisms in the biofilms. The nutrient condition in the interstitial water may affect microbial activity in the biofilms. In the present study, we measured the concentrations of dissolved organic nutrients, i.e., saccharides and proteins, contained in the interstitial water of biofilms formed on the stones. We also analyzed the molecular weight distribution, chemical species, and availability to bacteria of some saccharides in the interstitial water. Colorimetric assays showed that the concentrations of saccharides and proteins in the biofilm interstitial water were significantly higher (ca. 750 times) than those in the surrounding lake waters (p < 0.05). Chromatographic analyses demonstrated that the saccharides in the interstitial waters were mainly of low molecular-weight saccharides such as glucose and maltose, while proteins in the interstitial water were high molecular-weight proteins (over 7000 Da). Bacterial growth and production of EPS occurred simultaneously with the decrease in the low molecular-weight saccharide concentrations when a small portion of biofilm suspension was inoculated to the collected interstitial water, suggesting that the dissolved saccharides in the interstitial water support bacterial growth and formation of biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tsuchiya
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shima Eda
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Chiho Kiriyama
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Tomoya Asada
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hisao Morisaki
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
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36
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Habermacher J, Benetti AD, Derlon N, Morgenroth E. Degradation of the unbiodegradable particulate fraction (XU) from different activated sludges during batch digestion tests at ambient temperature. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 98:206-214. [PMID: 27107138 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
One strategy for the management of excess sludge in small wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) consists in minimizing the excess sludge production by operating the WWTP at very long solids retention times (SRTs > 30 days). A number of recent studies have suggested that sludge minimization at very long SRT results from the degradation of the unbiodegradable particulate fraction (XU) (influent unbiodegradable compounds and endogenous decay products). But the biodegradability of the unbiodegradable particulate fraction has only been evaluated during batch digestion test performed at ambient temperature with sludge fed with synthetic wastewaters. It is not clear to what extent observations made for sludge fed with synthetic influents can be transposed to sludge fed with real influent. The current study thus focused on evaluating the biodegradability of the unbiodegradable particulate fraction for sludge fed with real wastewater. Batch digestion tests (400 days, ambient temperature) were conducted with three different sludges fed with either synthetic or real influents and exposed to aerobic or intermittent aeration conditions. Our results indicate that volatile suspended solids (VSS) decreased even after complete decay of the active biomass (i.e., after 30 days of aerobic batch digestion) indicating that the unbiodegradable particulate fraction is biodegradable. However, very low degradation rates of the unbiodegradable particulate fraction were monitored after day 30 of digestion (0.7-1.7·10(-3) d(-1)). These values were in the lower range of previously published values for synthetic wastewaters (1-7.5·10(-3) d(-1)). The low values determined in our study indicate that the rate could decrease over time or that sludge composition influences the degradability of the unbiodegradable particulate fraction. But our results also demonstrate that extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have a minor impact on the biodegradability of the unbiodegradable particulate fraction. Overall bound EPS were indeed biodegradable under all conditions and thus did not accumulate in the unbiodegradable particulate fraction. Different bound EPS pools (e.g., cation bound EPS) were associated with specific degradation behaviors. Besides improved mechanistic understanding of sludge degradation processes, our results have implications for the development of decentralized wastewater treatment technologies with on-site reduction of excess sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Habermacher
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland; Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Domingues Benetti
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, CNPq, Av. Bento Goncalves, Porto Alegre, 9500, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Derlon
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland; Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Eberhard Morgenroth
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland; Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
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Yang ZH, Xu R, Zheng Y, Chen T, Zhao LJ, Li M. Characterization of extracellular polymeric substances and microbial diversity in anaerobic co-digestion reactor treated sewage sludge with fat, oil, grease. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 212:164-173. [PMID: 27099941 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Performance of co-digesters, treated of sewage sludge (SS) with fat, oil and grease (FOG), were conducted semi-continuously in two mesophilic reactors over 180days. Compared with SS mono-digestion, biogas production and TS removal efficiency of co-digestion were significantly enhanced up to 35% and 26% by adding upper limit FOG (60% on VS). Enhancement in co-digestion performance was also stimulated by the release of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which was increased 40% in both loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) than that of mono-digester. Based on high-throughput sequencing (HTS), analysis of microbial 16S rRNA gene comprehensively revealed the dynamic change of microbial community. Results showed that both bacterial and archaeal undergone an apparent succession with FOG addition, and large amount of consortium like Methanosaeta and N09 were involved in the process. Redundancy analysis showed the acetoclastic genera Methanosaeta distinctly related with biogas production and EPS degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hui Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Rui Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China; Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Ting Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Li-Jun Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Min Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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Vannecke TPW, Bernet N, Winkler MKH, Santa-Catalina G, Steyer JP, Volcke EIP. Influence of process dynamics on the microbial diversity in a nitrifying biofilm reactor: Correlation analysis and simulation study. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:1962-74. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P. W. Vannecke
- Department of Biosystems Engineering; Ghent University, Coupure links 653; 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Nicolas Bernet
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement; INRA, UR0050; Narbonne France
| | - Mari K. H. Winkler
- Department of Biosystems Engineering; Ghent University, Coupure links 653; 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | | | | | - Eveline I. P. Volcke
- Department of Biosystems Engineering; Ghent University, Coupure links 653; 9000 Ghent Belgium
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Gérard M, Noamen O, Evelyne G, Eric V, Gilles C, Marc H. Hydraulic continuity and biological effects of low strength very low frequency electromagnetic waves: Case of microbial biofilm growth in water treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 83:184-194. [PMID: 26150067 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to elucidate the interactions between water, subjected to electromagnetic waves of very low frequency (VLF) (kHz) with low strength electromagnetic fields (3.5 mT inside the coils), and the development of microbial biofilms in this exposed water. Experimental results demonstrate that in water exposed to VLF electromagnetic waves, the biomass of biofilm is limited if hydraulic continuity is achieved between the electromagnetic generator and the biofilm media. The measured amount of the biofilm's biomass is approximately a factor two lower for exposed biofilm than the non-exposed biofilm. Measurements of electromagnetic fields in the air and simulations exhibit very low intensities of fields (<10 nT and 2 V/m) in the biofilm-exposed region at a distance of 1 m from the electromagnetic generator. Exposure to electric and magnetic fields of the quoted intensities cannot explain thermal and ionizing effects on the biofilm. A variable electrical potential with a magnitude close to 20 mV was detected in the tank in hydraulic continuity with the electromagnetic generator. The application of quantum field theory may help to explain the observed effects in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Gérard
- LOCIE UMR CNRS 5271, Université de Savoie, 73376, Le Bourget du Lac, France.
| | - Omri Noamen
- LOCIE UMR CNRS 5271, Université de Savoie, 73376, Le Bourget du Lac, France
| | - Gonze Evelyne
- LOCIE UMR CNRS 5271, Université de Savoie, 73376, Le Bourget du Lac, France
| | - Valette Eric
- Planet Horizons Technologies, Technopole 5, 3960 Sierre, Switzerland
| | - Cauffet Gilles
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, G2Elab, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, G2Elab, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Henry Marc
- LCMES UMR CNRS 7140 Université de Stasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Randrianjatovo I, Girbal-Neuhauser E, Marcato-Romain CE. Epicocconone, a sensitive and specific fluorescent dye for in situ quantification of extracellular proteins within bacterial biofilms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:4835-44. [PMID: 25913004 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are ecosystems of closely associated bacteria encapsulated in an extracellular matrix mainly composed of polysaccharides and proteins. A novel approach was developed for in situ quantification of extracellular proteins (ePNs) in various bacterial biofilms using epicocconone, a natural, fluorescent compound that binds amine residues of proteins. Six commercial proteins were tested for their reaction with epicocconone, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was selected for assay optimization. The optimized protocol, performed as a microassay, allowed protein amounts as low as 0.7 μg to as high as 50 μg per well to be detected. Addition of monosaccharides or polysaccharides (glucose, dextran or alginate) to the standard BSA solutions (0 to 250 μg ml(-1)) showed little or no sugar interference up to 2000 μg ml(-1), thus providing an assessment of the specificity of epicocconone for proteins. The optimized protocol was then applied to three different biofilms, and in situ quantification of ePN showed contrasted protein amounts of 22.1 ± 3.1, 38.3 ± 7.1 and 0.3 ± 0.1 μg equivalent BSA of proteins for 48-h biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus licheniformis and Weissella confusa, respectively. Possible interference due to global matrix compounds on the in situ quantification of proteins was also investigated by applying the standard addition method (SAM). Low error percentages were obtained, indicating a correct quantification of both the ePN and the added proteins. For the first time, a specific and sensitive assay has been developed for in situ determination of ePN produced by bacterial cells. This advance should lead to an accurate, rapid tool for further protein labelling and microscopic observation of the extracellular matrix of biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Randrianjatovo
- Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Alimentaire et Environnementale, EA 4565 (LBAE), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Université Paul Sabatier, 24 rue d'Embaquès, F-32000, Auch, France
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Bourven I, Simon S, Bhatia D, van Hullebusch ED, Guibaud G. Effect of various size exclusion chromatography (SEC) columns on the fingerprints of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from biological sludge. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2014.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lutpi NA, Jahim JM, Mumtaz T, Abdul PM, Mohd Nor MT. Physicochemical characteristics of attached biofilm on granular activated carbon for thermophilic biohydrogen production. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12730g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, thermophilic biohydrogen production by a mixed culture, obtained from a continuous acidogenic reactor treating palm oil mill effluent, was improved by using granular activated carbon (GAC) as the support material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabilah Aminah Lutpi
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- 43600 Bangi
- Malaysia
| | - Jamaliah Md Jahim
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- 43600 Bangi
- Malaysia
| | - Tabassum Mumtaz
- Fuel Cell Institute
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- 43600 UKM Bangi
- Malaysia
| | - Peer Mohamed Abdul
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- 43600 Bangi
- Malaysia
| | - Mohd Tusirin Mohd Nor
- Chair for Sustainable Development Zero Waste Technology
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- 43600 UKM Bangi
- Malaysia
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Xu H, Wang C, Liang Z, He L, Wu W. The structure and component characteristics of partial nitrification biofilms under autotrophic and heterotrophic conditions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:3673-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Eldyasti A, Nakhla G, Zhu J. Influence of biofilm thickness on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from denitrifying fluidized bed bioreactors (DFBBRs). J Biotechnol 2014; 192 Pt A:281-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Beirão S, Fernandes S, Coelho J, Faustino MAF, Tomé JPC, Neves MGPMS, Tomé AC, Almeida A, Cunha A. Photodynamic inactivation of bacterial and yeast biofilms with a cationic porphyrin. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 90:1387-96. [PMID: 25112506 DOI: 10.1111/php.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin tetra-iodide (Tetra-Py(+)-Me) in the photodynamic inactivation of single-species biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans and mixed biofilms of S. aureus and C. albicans was evaluated. The effect on the extracellular matrix of P. aeruginosa was also assessed. Irradiation with white light up to an energy dose of 64.8 J cm(-2) in the presence of 20 μm of Tetra-Py(+)-Me caused significant inactivation in all single-species biofilms (3-6 log reductions), although the susceptibility was attenuated in relation to planktonic cells. In mixed biofilms, the inactivation of S. aureus was as efficient as in single-species biofilms but the susceptibility of C. albicans decreased. In P. aeruginosa biofilms, a reduction of 81% in the polysaccharide content of the matrix was observed after treatment with a 20 μm PS concentration and a total light dose of 64.8 J cm(-2). The results show that the Tetra-Py(+)-Me causes significant inactivation of the microorganisms, either in biofilms or in the planktonic form, and demonstrate that polysaccharides of the biofilm matrix may be a primary target of photodynamic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Beirão
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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46
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Fang F, Lu WT, Shan Q, Cao JS. Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances of phototrophic biofilms at different aquatic habitats. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 106:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Huang H, Ren H, Ding L, Geng J, Xu K, Zhang Y. Aging biofilm from a full-scale moving bed biofilm reactor: characterization and enzymatic treatment study. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 154:122-30. [PMID: 24384319 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Effective removal of aging biofilm deserves to receive more attention. This study aimed to characterized aging biofilm from a full-scale moving bed biofilm reactor treating pharmaceutical wastewater and evaluate the hydrolysis effects of biofilm by different enzymatic treatments. Results from FTIR and biochemical composition analyses showed that it was a predominately organic-based biofilm with the ratio of total protein (PN) to polysaccharide (PS) of 20.17. A reticular structure of extracellular polymeric matrix (EPM) with filamentous bacteria as the skeleton was observed on the basal layer through SEM-EDS test. Among the four commercial proteases and amylases from Genencor®, proteases were shown to have better performances than amylases either on the removal of MLSS and PN/MLSS or on DOC (i.e., dissolved organic carbon)/MLSS raising of biofilm pellets. Difference of dynamic fluorescence characteristics of dissolved organic matters after treated by the two proteases indicated distinguishing mechanisms of the treating process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Lili Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jinju Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
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Huang B, Feng H, Ding Y, Zheng X, Wang M, Li N, Shen D, Zhang H. Microbial metabolism and activity in terms of nitrate removal in bioelectrochemical systems. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.08.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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49
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Pellicer-Nàcher C, Domingo-Félez C, Mutlu AG, Smets BF. Critical assessment of extracellular polymeric substances extraction methods from mixed culture biomass. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:5564-5574. [PMID: 23866135 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have a presumed determinant role in the structure, architecture, strength, filterability, and settling behaviour of microbial solids in biological wastewater treatment processes. Consequently, numerous EPS extraction protocols have recently been published that aim to optimize the trade off between high EPS recovery and low cell lysis. Despite extensive efforts, the obtained results are often contradictory, even when analysing similar biomass samples and using similar experimental conditions, which greatly complicates the selection of an extraction protocol. This study presents a rigorous and critical assessment of existing physical and chemical EPS extraction methods applied to mixed-culture biomass samples (nitrifying, nitritation-anammox, and activated sludge biomass). A novel fluorescence-based method was developed and calibrated to quantify the lysis potential of different EPS extraction protocols. We concluded that commonly used methods to assess cell lysis (DNA concentrations or G6PDH activities in EPS extracts) do not correlate with cell viability. Furthermore, we discovered that the presence of certain chemicals in EPS extracts results in severe underestimation of protein and carbohydrate concentrations by using standard analytical methods. Keeping both maximum EPS extraction yields and minimal biomass lysis as criteria, it was identified a sonication-based extraction method as the best to determine and compare tightly-bound EPS fractions in different biomass samples. Protein was consistently the main EPS component in all analysed samples. However, EPS from nitrifying enrichments was richer in DNA, the activated sludge EPS had a higher content in humic acids and carbohydrates, and the nitritation-anammox EPS, while similar in composition to the nitrifier EPS, had a lower fraction of hydrophobic biopolymers. In general, the easily-extractable EPS fraction was more abundant in carbohydrates and humic substances, while DNA could only be found in tightly bound EPS fractions. In conclusion, the methodology presented herein supports the rational selection of analytical tools and EPS extraction protocols in further EPS characterization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Pellicer-Nàcher
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej Building 113, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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50
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Ras M, Lefebvre D, Derlon N, Hamelin J, Bernet N, Paul E, Girbal-Neuhauser E. Distribution and hydrophobic properties of Extracellular Polymeric Substances in biofilms in relation towards cohesion. J Biotechnol 2013; 165:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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