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Qi R, Lin T, Sheng K, Lin H. Insight into the effective electrocatalytic sulfide removal from aqueous solutions using surface oxidized stainless-steel anode and its desulfurization mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172570. [PMID: 38641116 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has shown its potential for the real application of H2S emission control in wastewater treatment. In this study, a surface corrosion treatment of stainless steel (SS) was optimized by regulate Ni content in the oxide film on the SS AISI 304 surface for sulfide removal. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and linear sweeping voltammetry results indicated a higher Ni content in the oxide film of surface-oxidized stainless steel (SOSS) attributed to a higher sulfide removal potential. Sulfide removal experiment results showed that SS-150 (with 150 s anodic pretreatment) anodes achieved the highest Ni content of 69% with the best sulfide removal efficiency, i.e., 97% within 48 h, which increased by 20% compared to the untreated SS. This study also demonstrated a strategy for in situ removal of deposited sulfur on the anodes by cathodic treatment at -0.38 V vs. RHE to alleviate the common issue of sulfur passivation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation revealed that NiOOH was the major active species in SS-150 oxide film for a faster sulfide removal rate. The study developed a SS surface modification process for Ni content regulation that contributed to better sulfide removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riying Qi
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ting Lin
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kuichuan Sheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongjian Lin
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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2
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Hou J, Li Y, Guo H, Wang Y, He Y, Sun P, Zhao Y, Ni BJ, Zhu T, Liu Y. Efficient electrosynthesis of HO 2- from air for sulfide control in sewers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134181. [PMID: 38569343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemically in-situ generation of oxygen and caustic soda is promising for sulfide management while suffers from scaling, poor inactivating capacity, hydrogen release and ammonia escape. In this study, the four-compartment electrochemical cell efficiently captured oxygen molecules from the air chamber to produce HO2- without generating toxic by-products. Meanwhile, the catalyst layer surface of PTFE/CB-GDE maintained a relatively balanced gas-liquid micro-environment, enabling the formation of enduring solid-liquid-gas interfaces for efficient HO2- electrosynthesis. A dramatic increase in HO2- generation rate from 453.3 mg L-1 h-1 to 575.4 mg L-1 h-1 was attained by advancement in operation parameters design (flow channels, electrolyte types, flow rates and circulation types). Stability testing resulted in the HO2- generation rate over 15 g L-1 and the current efficiency (CE) exceeding 85%, indicating a robust stable operational capacity. Furthermore, after 120 mg L-1 HO2- treatment, an increase of 11.1% in necrotic and apoptotic cells in the sewer biofilm was observed, higher than that achieved with the addition of NaOH, H2O2 method. The in-situ electrosynthesis strategy for HO2- represents a significance toward the practical implementation of sulfide abatement in sewers, holding the potential to treat various sulfide-containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Haixiao Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yufen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yanying He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Peizhe Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Tingting Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Yiwen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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3
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Shao X, Huang Y, Wood RM, Tarpeh WA. Electrochemical sulfate production from sulfide-containing wastewaters and integration with electrochemical nitrogen recovery. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133527. [PMID: 38241833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical methods can help manage sulfide in wastewater, which poses environmental and health concerns due to its toxicity, malodor, and corrosiveness. In addition, sulfur could be recovered as fertilizer and commodity chemicals from sulfide-containing wastewaters. Wastewater characteristics vary widely among wastewaters; however, it remains unclear how these characteristics affect electrochemical sulfate production. In this study, we evaluated how four characteristics of influent wastewaters (electrolyte pH, composition, sulfide concentration, and buffer strength) affect sulfide removal (sulfide removal rate, sulfide removal efficiency) and sulfate production metrics (sulfate production rate, sulfate production selectivity). We identified that electrolyte pH (3 × difference, i.e., 25.1 to 84.9 μM h-1 in average removal rate within the studied pH range) and sulfide concentration (16 × difference, i.e., 82.1 to 1347.2 μM h-1 in average removal rate) were the most influential factors for electrochemical sulfide removal. Sulfate production was most sensitive to buffer strength (6 × difference, i.e., 4.4 to 27.4 μM h-1 in average production rate) and insensitive to electrolyte composition. Together, these results provide recommendations for the design of wastewater treatment trains and the feasibility of applying electrochemical methods to varying sulfide-containing wastewaters. In addition, we investigated a simultaneous multi-nutrient (sulfur and nitrogen) process that leverages electrochemical stripping to further enhance the versatility and compatibility of electrochemical nutrient recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Shao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
| | - Yixuan Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
| | - Robert M Wood
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
| | - William A Tarpeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States.
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4
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Liang Z, Wu D, Li G, Sun J, Jiang F, Li Y. Experimental and modeling investigations on the unexpected hydrogen sulfide rebound in a sewer receiving nitrate addition: Mechanism and solution. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 125:630-640. [PMID: 36375945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic hydrogen sulfide is an odorous, toxic and corrosive gas released from sewage in sewers. To control sulfide generation and emission, nitrate is extensively applied in sewer systems for decades. However, the unexpected sulfide rebound after nitrate addition is being questioned in recent studies. Possible reasons for the sulfide rebounds have been studied, but the mechanism is still unclear, so the countermeasure is not yet proposed. In this study, a lab-scale sewer system was developed for investigating the unexpected sulfide rebounds via the traditional strategy of nitrate addition during 195-days of operation. It was observed that the sulfide pollution was even severe in a sewer receiving nitrate addition. The mechanism for the sulfide rebound can be differentiated into short-term and long-term effects based on the dominant contribution. The accumulation of intermediate elemental sulfur in biofilm resulted in a rapid sulfide rebound via the high-rate sulfur reduction after the depletion of nitrate in a short period. The presence of nitrate in sewer promoted the microorganism proliferation in biofilm, increased the biofilm thickness, re-shaped the microbial community and enhanced biological denitrification and sulfur production, which further weakened the effect of nitrate on sulfide control during the long-term operation. An optimized biofilm-initiated sewer process model demonstrated that neither the intermittent nitrate addition nor the continuous nitrate addition was a sustainable strategy for the sulfide control. To minimize the negative impact from sulfide rebounds, a (bi)monthly routine maintenance (e.g., hydraulic flushing with nitrate spike) to remove the proliferative microorganism in biofilm is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhensheng Liang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dongping Wu
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guibiao Li
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianliang Sun
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Redemidation Technology, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Yu Li
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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5
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Sun Y, Soedarso JAR, Wang J, Gremmen P, Rijnaarts H, Chen WS. Use of ion chromatographic pulsed amperometric method (IC-PAD) for measuring aqueous sulfide in synthetic and real domestic wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137442. [PMID: 36462562 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sulfide detection in domestic wastewater is widely demanded, as sulfide induces odour nuisance and wastewater assets corrosion. However, traditional sulfide detection methods are usually plagued by the limited detection range or interference from impurities. To address these constraints, this study improved the ion chromatographic pulsed amperometric method (IC-PAD) and tested its validity for use in domestic wastewater. Prior to sulfide detection, sulfide-containing sample collection usually requires the use of sulfide antioxidant buffers (SAOB) to minimize sulfide loss. Different sample matrixes require different SAOB recipes, which increases complexity and uncertainty when measuring different environmental samples. Therefore, this study also developed a more convenient and generic sample collection method without the addition of SAOB. The results indicated that the proposed SAOB-free sample collection method could minimize the sulfide loss during sample collection. The IC-PAD method showed a wide linear detection range up to 10 mg-S/L. The detection limit was 3 μg-S/L. Matrix effect studies showed that 1 g/L glucose, formate, acetate, methanol, ethanol, propionate, butyrate, lactate, or sulfate had no evident interference on sulfide measurement. However, 5 mM phosphate buffer led to interference, but reducing the KOH eluent concentration from 62 to 30 mM avoid this interference. Wolfe's vitamin mixture and Wolfe's modified mineral mixture could cause diminutive interference equivalent to 2.53 ± 1.32 μg-S/L sulfide. Moreover, the interference caused by chloride indicated that the IC-PAD method is more applicable for measuring sulfide in low-chloride wastewater. To this end, the IC-PAD method showed high accuracy and precision in the real domestic wastewater samples with chloride concentration of 68 mg/L. The recovery was higher than 97% and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was lower than 1.2%. This study demonstrated the potential use of IC-PAD method for measuring sulfide in real domestic wastewater and possible interference from the solution matrix to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jill A R Soedarso
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jiamin Wang
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Pieter Gremmen
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Huub Rijnaarts
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Wei-Shan Chen
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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6
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Pang Y, Gu T, Zhang G, Yu Z, Zhou Y, Zhu DZ, Zhang Y, Zhang T. Experimental study on volatile sulfur compound inhibition using a single-chamber membrane-free microbial electrolysis cell. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:30571-30582. [PMID: 32468370 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Odor emissions from sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants have attracted much attention due to the potential negative effects on human health. A single-chamber membrane-free microbial electrolysis cell was proposed for the removal of sulfides in a sewer system. The feasibility of the use of volatile sulfur compounds and their removal efficiency in liquid and headspace gas phases were investigated using synthetic wastewater with real sewer sediment and Ru/Ir-coated titanium electrodes. The results indicate that hydrogen sulfide and volatile organic sulfur compounds were effectively inhibited in the liquid phase upon electrochemical treatment at current densities of 1.55, 2.06, and 2.58 mA/cm2, and their removal rates reached up to 86.2-100%, except for dimethyl trisulfide, the amount of which increased greatly at 1.55 mA/cm2. In addition, the amount of volatile sulfur compounds in the headspace decreased greatly; however, the total theoretical odor concentration was still high, and methanethiol and ethanethiol greatly contributed to the total strength of the odor concentration due to their low odor threshold concentrations. The major pathway for sulfide removal in the single-chamber membrane-free microbial electrolysis cell is biotic oxidation, the removal rate of which was 0.4-0.5 mg/min, 4-5 times that of indirect electrochemical oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Pang
- The Institute of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tianfeng Gu
- The Institute of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guijiao Zhang
- The Institute of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2W2, Canada
| | - Zhiguang Yu
- The Institute of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yongchao Zhou
- The Institute of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - David Z Zhu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2W2, Canada
| | - Yiping Zhang
- The Institute of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tuqiao Zhang
- The Institute of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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7
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Habeeb OA, Kanthasamy R, Ali GA, Sethupathi S, Yunus RBM. Hydrogen sulfide emission sources, regulations, and removal techniques: a review. REV CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2017-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This review highlights the recent technologies of H2S removal from wastewater in the petroleum refinery. H2S is a harmful, putrid, and hazardous gaseous compound. The main processes such as physicochemical, chemical, biological, and electrochemical methods were compared and discussed in detail. The effects of various parameters and adsorbent characteristics were highlighted and correlated with the adsorption capacities. Surface functional groups and porosity surface area play a crucial role in the process of single-phase and composite adsorbents. Composite materials impregnated with some metals showed high removal efficiencies. It was found that the adsorption process is the most relevant way for H2S removal due to its high removal efficiency, low cost, eco-friendly, and operational simplicity. This study serves as a useful guideline for those who are interested in H2S removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Abed Habeeb
- Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering , Universiti Malaysia Pahang , Gambang , 26300 Kuantan , Malaysia
| | - Ramesh Kanthasamy
- Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering , Universiti Malaysia Pahang , Gambang , 26300 Kuantan , Malaysia
| | - Gomaa A.M. Ali
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology , Universiti Malaysia Pahang , Gambang , 26300 Kuantan , Malaysia
- Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University , Assiut 71524 , Egypt
- Al-Azhar Center of Nanoscience and Applications (ACNA) , Al-Azhar University , Assiut 71524 , Egypt
| | - Sumathi Sethupathi
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , 31900 Perak , Malaysia
| | - Rosli Bin Mohd Yunus
- Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering , Universiti Malaysia Pahang , Gambang , 26300 Kuantan , Malaysia
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8
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Lin HW, Kustermans C, Vaiopoulou E, Prévoteau A, Rabaey K, Yuan Z, Pikaar I. Electrochemical oxidation of iron and alkalinity generation for efficient sulfide control in sewers. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 118:114-120. [PMID: 28419895 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The addition of iron salts is one of the most commonly used dosing strategies for sulfide control in sewers. However, iron salts decrease the sewage pH which not only reduces the effectiveness of sulfide precipitation but also enhances the release of residual sulfide to the sewer atmosphere. Equally important, concentrated iron salt solutions are corrosive and their frequent transport, handling, and on-site storage often come with Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) concerns. Here, we experimentally demonstrated a novel sulfide control approach using electrochemical systems with parallel placed iron electrodes. This enabled combining anodic dissolved iron species release with cathodic hydroxyl anion production, which alleviates all the aforementioned concerns. A long-term experiment was successfully carried out achieving an average sulfide removal efficiency of 95.4 ± 4.4% at low voltage input of 2.90 ± 0.54 V over the course of 8 weeks. This electrochemical method was demonstrated to successfully achieve efficient sulfide control. In addition, it increases the sewage pH, thereby overcoming the drawbacks associated with the pH decrease in the case of conventional iron salt dosing. Ferrous ions were produced at an overall coulombic efficiency (CE) of 98.2 ± 1.2%, whereas oxygen evolution and direct sulfide oxidation were not observed. Short-term experiments showed that increasing either inter-electrode gap or current density increased the cell voltage associated with the increase in the ohmic drop of the system. Overall, this study highlights the practical potential of in-situ generation of dissolved iron species and simultaneous hydroxyl anion generation for efficient sulfide control in sewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Lin
- The University of Queensland, Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Caroline Kustermans
- The University of Queensland, Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), QLD, 4072, Australia; Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eleni Vaiopoulou
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antonin Prévoteau
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Korneel Rabaey
- The University of Queensland, Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), QLD, 4072, Australia; Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- The University of Queensland, Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ilje Pikaar
- The University of Queensland, Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), QLD, 4072, Australia; The University of Queensland, The School of Civil Engineering, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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9
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Jain P, Sharma M, Dureja P, Sarma PM, Lal B. Bioelectrochemical approaches for removal of sulfate, hydrocarbon and salinity from produced water. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 166:96-108. [PMID: 27689889 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Produced water (PW) is the largest liquid waste stream generated during the exploration and drilling process of both the conventional hydrocarbon based resources like crude oil and natural gas, as well as the new fossil resources like shale gas and coal bed methane. Resource management, efficient utilization of the water resources, and water purification protocols are the conventionally used treatment methods applied to either treat or utilize the generated PW. This review provides a comprehensive overview of these conventional PW treatment strategies with special emphasises on electrochemical treatment. Key considerations associated with these approaches for efficient treatment of PW are also discussed. After a thorough assessment of the salient features of these treatment platforms, we propose a new strategy of uniquely integrating bioelectrochemical processes with biological system for more effective PW treatment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Jain
- TERI University, 10, Institutional Area, VasantKunj, New Delhi, India; The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohita Sharma
- The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Prem Dureja
- The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Banwari Lal
- TERI University, 10, Institutional Area, VasantKunj, New Delhi, India; The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India.
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10
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Lin HW, Rabaey K, Keller J, Yuan Z, Pikaar I. Scaling-Free Electrochemical Production of Caustic and Oxygen for Sulfide Control in Sewers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:11395-11402. [PMID: 26377687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Caustic shock-loading and oxygen injection are commonly used by the water industry for biofilm and sulfide control in sewers. Caustic can be produced onsite from wastewater using a two-compartment electrochemical cell. This avoids the need for import and storage of caustic soda, which typically represents a cost and a hazard. An issue limiting the practical implementation of this approach is the occurrence of membrane scaling due to the almost universal presence of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) in wastewater. It results in a rapid increase in the cell voltage, thereby increasing the energy consumption of the system. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an innovative solution for this problem involving the inclusion of a middle compartment between the anode and cathode compartments. Caustic was efficiently produced from wastewater over a period of 12 weeks and had an average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 84.1 ± 1.1% at practically relevant caustic strengths (∼3 wt %). Neither membrane scaling nor an increase in the cell voltage was observed throughout the experiments. In addition, dissolved oxygen was produced in the anode, resulting in continuously oxygenated wastewater leaving the three-compartment cell. This membrane-scaling control strategy represents a major step forward toward practical implementation of on-site simultaneous electrochemical caustic and oxygen generation for sulfide control in sewers and also has the potential to be applied to other (bio)electrochemical systems receiving wastewater as source for product recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Korneel Rabaey
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University , Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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11
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Jiang G, Sun J, Sharma KR, Yuan Z. Corrosion and odor management in sewer systems. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 33:192-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Kijjanapanich P, Kijjanapanich P, Annachhatre AP, Esposito G, Lens PNL. Spontaneous electrochemical treatment for sulfur recovery by a sulfide oxidation/vanadium(V) reduction galvanic cell. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 149:263-270. [PMID: 25463589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sulfide is the product of the biological sulfate reduction process which gives toxicity and odor problems. Wastewaters or bioreactor effluents containing sulfide can cause severe environmental impacts. Electrochemical treatment can be an alternative approach for sulfide removal and sulfur recovery from such sulfide rich solutions. This study aims to develop a spontaneous electrochemical sulfide oxidation/vanadium(V) reduction cell with a graphite electrode system to recover sulfide as elemental sulfur. The effects of the internal and external resistance on the sulfide removal efficiency and electrical current produced were investigated at different pH. A high surface area of the graphite electrode is required in order to have as less internal resistance as possible. In this study, graphite powder was added (contact area >633 cm(2)) in order to reduce the internal resistance. A sulfide removal efficiency up to 91% and electrical charge of more than 400 C were achieved when using five graphite rods supplemented with graphite powder as the electrode at an external resistance of 30 Ω and a sulfide concentration of 250 mg L(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimluck Kijjanapanich
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands; Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Pairoje Kijjanapanich
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ajit P Annachhatre
- Environmental Engineering and Management, Asian Institute of Technology, PO Box 4, Klongluang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio, 43 03043 Cassino (FR), Italy
| | - Piet N L Lens
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands
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Jain P, Sharma M, Kumar M, Dureja P, Singh MP, Lal B, Sarma PM. Electrochemical removal of sulfate from petroleum produced water. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 72:284-292. [PMID: 26177412 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum produced water (PPW) is a waste-stream that entails huge cost on the petroleum industry. Along with other suspended and dissolved solids, it contains sulfate, which is a major hurdle for its alternative use intended toward enhanced oil recovery. This study proposes a two-step process for sulfate removal from PPW. A synthetic PPW was designed for the study using response surface methodology. During the first step, sulfate present in PPW was reduced to sulfide by anaerobic fermentation with 80% efficiency. In the second step, more than 70% of the accumulated sulfide was electrochemically oxidized. This integrated approach successfully removed sulfate from the synthetic wastewater indicating its applicability in the treatment of PPW and its subsequent applications in other oil field operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Jain
- TERI University, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, India E-mail: ; TERI, Darbari Seth Block, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India
| | - Mohita Sharma
- TERI, Darbari Seth Block, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL), R&D Centre, Faridabad 121007, Haryana, India
| | - Prem Dureja
- TERI, Darbari Seth Block, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India
| | - M P Singh
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL), R&D Centre, Faridabad 121007, Haryana, India
| | - Banwari Lal
- TERI University, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, India E-mail: ; TERI, Darbari Seth Block, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India
| | - Priyangshu M Sarma
- TERI University, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, India E-mail: ; TERI, Darbari Seth Block, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India
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Pikaar I, Rozendal RA, Rabaey K, Yuan Z. In-situ caustic generation from sewage: the impact of caustic strength and sewage composition. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:5828-5835. [PMID: 23938119 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Periodic caustic dosage is a commonly used method by the water industry to elevate pH levels and deactivate sewer biofilms responsible for hydrogen sulfide generation. Caustic (NaOH) can be generated in-situ from sewage using a divided electrochemical cell, which avoids the need for transport, handling and storage of concentrated caustic solutions. In this study, we investigated the impact of caustic strength in the cathode compartment and the impact of sodium concentration in sewage on the Coulombic efficiency (CE) for caustic generation. The CE was found to be independent of the caustic strength produced in the range of up to ~3 wt%. Results showed that a caustic solution of ~3 wt% could be produced directly from sewage at a CE of up to 75 ± 0.5%. The sodium concentration in sewage had a significant impact on the CE for caustic generation as well as on the energy requirements of the system, with a higher sodium concentration leading to a higher CE and lower energy consumption. The proton, calcium, magnesium and ammonium concentrations in sewage affected the CE for caustic generation, especially at low sodium concentrations. Economical assessment based on the experimental results indicated that sulfide control in sewers using electrochemically-generated caustic from sewage is an economically attractive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilje Pikaar
- The University of Queensland, Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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