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Guo X, Ji X, Liu Z, Feng Z, Zhang Z, Du S, Li X, Ma J, Sun Z. Complex impact of metals on the fate of disinfection by-products in drinking water pipelines: A systematic review. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 261:121991. [PMID: 38941679 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Metals in the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) play an important role on the fate of disinfection by-products (DBPs). They can increase the formation of DBPs through several mechanisms, such as enhancing the proportion of reactive halogen species (RHS), catalysing the reaction between natural organic matter (NOM) and RHS through complexation, or by increasing the conversion of NOM into DBP precursors. This review comprehensively summarizes these complex processes, focusing on the most important metals (copper, iron, manganese) in DWDS and their impact on various DBPs. It organizes the dispersed 'metals-DBPs' experimental results into an easily accessible content structure and presents their underlying common or unique mechanisms. Furthermore, the practically valuable application directions of these research findings were analysed, including the toxicity changes of DBPs in DWDS under the influence of metals and the potential enhancement of generalization in DBP model research by the introduction of metals. Overall, this review revealed that the metal environment within DWDS is a crucial factor influencing DBP levels in tap water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150096, China
| | - Xiaoyue Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150096, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150096, China
| | - Zhuoran Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150096, China
| | - ZiFeng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shuang Du
- Institute of NBC Defense. PLA Army, P.O.Box1048, Beijing 102205 China
| | - Xueyan Li
- Suzhou University Science & Technology, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150096, China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150096, China.
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Suchi PD, Shaikh MAA, Saha B, Moniruzzaman M, Hossain MK, Parvin A, Parvin A. Comprehensive index analysis approach for ecological and human health risk assessment of a tributary river in Bangladesh. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32542. [PMID: 39040280 PMCID: PMC11260973 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the water quality of the Turag River, an important tributary river in Dhaka, Bangladesh in terms of physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal contamination to assess the potential risks to both ecological systems and human health. The majority of the water samples complied with the acceptable limits established by the World Health Organization (WHO) for various parameters including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), except total hardness (TH). The sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), chloride (Cl-), fluoride (F-), nitrate (NO3 -), and sulfate (SO4 2-) levels in the water samples were found to be within acceptable ranges for most cases. Moreover, heavy metals including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), and mercury (Hg) were analyzed and their mean concentrations (μg/L) were found in the order of Fe (244.72 ± 214.35) > Mn (28.93 ± 29.64) > Zn (22.97 ± 10.93) > Cu (8.28 ± 5.99) > Hg (8.23 ± 6.58) > As (1.34 ± 0.39) > Ni (1.20 ± 0.38) > Cr (0.67 ± 0.85) > Pb (0.61 ± 0.72) > Se (0.42 ± 0.48) > Cd (0.13 ± 0.09) which were within the acceptable limit, except Hg. The cumulative effect of all heavy metals was assessed through the heavy metal pollution index (HPI), contamination degree (Cd), and nemerow pollution index (PN). The mean value of HPI (682.38 ± 525.68) crossed the critical index value of 100, indicating an elevated level of pollution. The mean value of Cd (8.763 ± 6.48) indicates a low-moderate-significant level of contamination due to an elevated level of Hg, and for the PN it was found 174.27 ± 146.66, indicating a high level of pollution due to high level of Fe. Ecological risk index (ERI) indicated low levels of risk for Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Fe, Mn, As, Se, Cu, and Zn but a significantly high risk for Hg. The water was classified as good to excellent based on its physicochemical properties (pH, EC, TDS, COD, DO, F-, Cl-, NO3 -, and SO4 2-) while it was deemed poor to unsuitable for heavy metals according to the water quality index (WQI). Among the carcinogenic constituents, As poses the greatest carcinogenic risk, particularly for children. The mean value of Cr, Mn, and As in the HQingestion for adult and child, and Cd, Hg for child exceeded the threshold value established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), while the HQdermal values remained below the maximum limit for all heavy metals. The value of HI at all locations exceeds the threshold of 1, as specified by USEPA. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis revealed that the presence of heavy metals in the Turag River was mainly attributed to anthropogenic sources, including industrial effluent discharge from neighboring industries, domestic wastewater, and agricultural runoff containing agrochemicals from the surrounding lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Dey Suchi
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Aftab Ali Shaikh
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Badhan Saha
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kamal Hossain
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
| | - Afroza Parvin
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
| | - Afsana Parvin
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
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3
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Tyagi S, Sarma K. Tracing the land use specific impacts on groundwater quality: a chemometric, information entropy WQI and health risk assessment study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33038-x. [PMID: 38607485 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the nexus of land use and water quality can potentially underline the influences within the groundwater management. The study envisages land use-specific qualitative assessment of the groundwater resources in Ghaziabad district, in western Uttar Pradesh, India. For encountering the relative impacts of land use on the groundwater quality, chemometric analysis has been employed to apportion the pollution sources. The integration of quality parameters, in the information entropy index modeling, has segregated the quality classes and visualized the seasonal suitability trends as per potability standards along with non-carcinogenic health hazard risk assessment (HHRA). The qualitative assessment of the groundwater resources, along with spatial distribution, has deciphered a polluting impact, specifically in western and south western parts of district, and observed the linkages with direct and indirect discharges/seepages from densely populated residential and industrial land use types localized in urbanized areas. Statistically significant annual and seasonal variations have been found exclusively for EC, Mg2+, F-, Cd, Cr(total), Ni, and Pb which inferred variable concentrations, whereas land use types showed a non-significant variation within groundwater quality. Chemometric-based source apportioning and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) have derived salinization and enrichment of dissolved salts, arising from mixed sources and contributes to metal pollution, i.e., mainly from anthropogenic sources. Information EWQI derived poor to extremely poor category represented degraded potability specifically for fewer sites located within western and southern parts on the Yamuna-Hindon flood plains for limited sites of residential, industrial, and agricultural in an urbanized region. However, majority of the samples fall under excellent to good groundwater quality, recommendable in the north and north-eastern (peri-urban) regions. Non-carcinogenic HHRA has shown that majority of the samples categorized under unsafe value for hazard index (HI > 1), for females and children and thus, presumed probable health hazard risk from metal groundwater pollution in south-western part, eastern, and northern regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Tyagi
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16-C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India.
| | - Kiranmay Sarma
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16-C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
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Gao Y, Zhuang Y, Wu S, Qi Z, Li P, Shi B. Enhanced disinfection byproducts formation by fine iron particles intercepted in household point-of-use facilities. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 243:120320. [PMID: 37454460 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
To cope with the demand for good-quality potable water, household point-of-use (POU) facilities such as polypropylene cotton filters (PCFs) are widely used. However, the behaviors of new and used PCFs under discoloration are unclear. In this study, we found that new PCF did not effectively intercept particles under discoloration within the initial 5 d of inflow. In addition, the particles, especially the fine ones, accumulated in the long-used PCF exacerbated the risks of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and microbes. The concentrations of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetonitriles (HANs) in the effluent run through the PCF all increased over time; interestingly, all sharply increased after 5 d in accordance with the decrease in effluent iron particles. During this stage, maximum increases rate of 117.89% in THMs and 75.12% in HANs were observed. For haloacetic acids (HAAs), it served as the dominant contaminants, with concentrations approximately 10-fold greater than those of THMs and HANs. The increase showed that used PCFs could exacerbate the risks in DBPs exposure. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) also showed a similar trend, with a maximum increase from 0.0033 to 0.0055 nmol/mL. Thus, PCFs can act only as pretreatment units and should be replaced after yellow water events. This study offers important guidance for PCF usage in drinking water purification, especially under discoloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Shuxuan Wu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhenguo Qi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Penglu Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Zuthi M, Khan F, Sajol M, Kabir M, Kaiser N, Rahman M, Hasan S. Combined application of EPANET and empirical model for possible formation of trihalomethanes in water distribution network of Chattogram city to identify potential carcinogenic health risk zone. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16615. [PMID: 37313167 PMCID: PMC10258390 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The study identifies potential carcinogenic health risk-zone of Chattogram city for the occurrence of trihalomethanes (THMs) at its water distribution network. The EPANET-THMs simulation model along with an empirical model have been adopted in the study to predict THMs content of supply water of the distribution network of the city's Karnaphuli service area. The empirical model has estimated THMs level of supply water based on influential water quality parameters, and few of these have been used as pre-set values for subsequent EPANET simulation. The simulation (R2= 0.7) shows that THMs' concentrations throughout the network vary from 33 to 486 μg/L. Around 60% of total junctions showed THMs concentrations above 150 μg/L, while that is above 50 μg/L for most (99%) of the junctions. Residual Free chlorine, one of the precursors for the THMs formation in distribution line, has also been simulated by EPANET considering varying applied chlorine dose at the water purification unit and wall (Kw) and bulk (Kb) decay constants. The simulated free residual chlorine peaks are found to be closer to the actual values with chlorine dose of 2 mg/L, and decay constants, Kw = 1 d-1 and Kb = 1 d-1. A mean lifetime total risk of cancer due to the presence of THMs has been found to be very high. Spatial distribution of carcinogenic risk shows that the central zone of the service area is the most vulnerable zone, followed by the western and northern zone. The first ever zone wise risk identification could be used as baseline data for operational and regulatory purposes and may raise awareness among the city's inhabitants. Furthermore, the application of EPANET in combination with an empirical model could be an effective tool for predicting THMs' concentration in water distribution networks in developing countries like Bangladesh to minimize the expenses of measuring THMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.F.R. Zuthi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Chittagong-4349, Bangladesh
| | - F. Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Chittagong-4349, Bangladesh
| | - Md.S.Z. Sajol
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Chittagong-4349, Bangladesh
| | - M. Kabir
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Chittagong-4349, Bangladesh
| | - N.M.E. Kaiser
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Chittagong-4349, Bangladesh
| | - M.S. Rahman
- Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka (AECD), Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - S.M.F. Hasan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Chittagong-4349, Bangladesh
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Zhang K, Ge F, Tang F, Tan L, Qiu Y, Zhu X. A structure-property study for konjac glucomannan and guar galactomannan: Selective carboxylation and scale inhibition. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 299:120220. [PMID: 36876821 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The effect of structural difference for konjac glucomannan (KGM) and guar galactomannan (GGM) on their physicochemical properties including selective carboxylation, biodegradation and scale inhibition was firstly investigated. Compared with GGM, KGM can be specially modified by amino acid to prepare carboxyl-functionalized polysaccharides. The structure-activity relationship explaining the difference in carboxylation activity and the anti-scaling abilities of polysaccharides and carboxylated derivatives were explored by static anti-scaling, iron oxide dispersion and biodegradation tests coupled with structural and morphological characterizations. KGM with linear structure was preferred for carboxylated modification by glutamic acid (KGMG) and aspartic acid (KGMA) while GGM with branched structure failed to accomplish that due to steric hindrance. GGM and KGM showed limited scale inhibition performance, which was probably attributed to the moderate adsorption and isolation effect of macromolecular stereoscopic structure. While KGMA and KGMG performed as effective and degradable inhibitors for CaCO3 scale with inhibitory efficiencies > 90 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kegui Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Feng Ge
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Fukai Tang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Lichao Tan
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Xinsheng Zhu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, China.
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Arumugam T, Kinattinkara S, Kannithottathil S, Velusamy S, Krishna M, Shanmugamoorthy M, Sivakumar V, Boobalakrishnan KV. Comparative assessment of groundwater quality indices of Kannur District, Kerala, India using multivariate statistical approaches and GIS. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:29. [PMID: 36282453 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10538-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the groundwater characteristics of rural and industrial zones in the Kannur region. In 2011, 25 groundwater data were collected from the centre for water resource development management (CWRDM), and in 2019, 25 groundwater samples from rural and near-industrial areas were collected and analysed for major anions (HCO3-, CO32-, Cl-, NO3- and SO42-), and cations (TH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ and Fe2+) using APHA standards. To better understand the link between water quality parameters, multivariate statistical analysis approaches such as principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), correlation matrix analysis (CMA), and Pearson correlation bivariate one-tailed analysis (PCBOTA) were used to analyse the inter-relationship of data. The Inverse Distance Weighed (IDW) method was used to generate the spatial distribution of the groundwater quality index (GWQI). In 2011, the water quality index (WQI) value of groundwater samples was excellent at 24.42% and good at 54.14%, which were used for drinking purposes and moderate at 17.22% and poor at 4.22% for irrigation purposes in this study area. In 2019, excellent 21.62%, good 51.56% were used for drinking purpose, and moderate at 18.14%, and poor at 8.68% for irrigation purposes. By comparing the data with BIS and WHO standards, it is clear that groundwater in Kannur district is of good quality. In groundwater samples, the PCA eigen values were reported in 2011 (84.7%) and 2019 (73.4%) for statistical approaches. This study uses HCA and PCBOTA to analyse the elements, resulting in a better understanding of groundwater quality development. GIS based WQI maps were obtained and utilised to gain a better knowledge of the study area's past and present water quality status. We observed that the quality of groundwater in the study region's north-western portion is insufficient for drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangavelu Arumugam
- Department of Environmental Studies, Kannur University, Kerala, 670567, India.
| | - Sapna Kinattinkara
- Department of Environmental Science, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, 641014, India
| | | | | | - Manoj Krishna
- Department of Environmental Studies, Kannur University, Kerala, 670567, India
| | | | - Vivek Sivakumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hindusthan College of Engineering &Technology, Coimbatore, 641008, India
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Rahman MS, Parvez S, Begum BA, Quraishi SB, Choudhury TR, Fatema KJ, Hosen MM, Bodrud-Doza M, Rahman LS, Sattar MA. Chemometric appraisal of water quality for domestic and agricultural purposes: a case study from establishing Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) area, Pabna District, Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:56620-56641. [PMID: 35347605 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water is the main sources for domestic purposes and as well as for both farming and industrial activities. Therefore, this study investigated the quality of groundwater at Ishwardi, Pabna district of Bangladesh. This study showed that the heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Fe were remaining in trace amount. The groundwater quality index (GWQI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), heavy metal pollution index (HPI), and degree of contamination (Cd) revealed that all of the groundwater samples belonged to good quality condition for drinking purposes. Nevertheless, Cd provided better index than other indices. Subsequently, hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) values for heavy metals indicated that there was no significant noncarcinogenic health risk due to oral ingestion of groundwater except three sites. However, the paired student t-test ([Formula: see text]) revealed that child was found to be more exposed compared to adult for noncarcinogenic health risk due to oral ingestion of the same groundwater samples. This study revealed that pH, EC, TDS, salinity, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, SO42-, PO43-, and NO3- values in water samples are in tolerable limit according to Bangladesh (DoE) and international standards (WHO, IS, FAO, USEPA, UCCC). Subsequently, combined approaches of numerous irrigation water quality indices, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), total hardness (TH), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), and Kelley's ratio (KR), were applied to appraise the appropriateness of water for farming purposes. The irrigation water quality index (IWQI) revealed that majority of the groundwater samples were suitable for agricultural purposes. Classification based on Wilcox and US salinity hazard diagram indicated a consistent conclusion, which indicated that the water quality was in good condition for farming in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Safiur Rahman
- Water Quality Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, 4-Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
- Air Particulate Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, 4-Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Shaown Parvez
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Bilkis A Begum
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, 4-Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shahbag, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Shamshad B Quraishi
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, 4-Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shahbag, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Tasrina R Choudhury
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, 4-Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shahbag, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Konica J Fatema
- Water Quality Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, 4-Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad M Hosen
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, 4-Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shahbag, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Bodrud-Doza
- Climate Change Programme, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Lamisa S Rahman
- Faculty of Science, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Md Abdus Sattar
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
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9
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Lin H, Hu Y. Impact of different source-water switching patterns on the stability of drinking water in an estuarine urban water distribution system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:49059-49069. [PMID: 35217958 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Source-water switching can lead to instability in drinking water distribution systems. In estuarine cities using surface water as source water where salt tide occasionally happens, the influence can be particularly complex due to changes of Larson Index (LI). The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different switching patterns on the stability of water in an estuarine city. Fluctuated LI was found in the current distribution system. LI of the new source water was lower and more stable. Susceptible areas with a high frequency of over standard water quality were identified and pipe scales there were mainly composed of relatively stable iron oxides with dense crystal structures (Fe3O4 and α-FeOOH). Two old pipe sections were used to simulate different switching patterns. The microbial risk did not increase significantly when the original and new water sources were combined in different ratios (2∶8, 5∶5), when multiple water sources were used (3∶3∶4) or when salinity increased. The better water quality, lower LI of the new source water, and stability of the current distribution system together contributed to the biostability. Total iron increased after switching, then declined and stabilized for most switching patterns. Salt tide can lead to sharp iron release. The results provided insightful information for distribution systems that have cast iron pipes and that might encounter source-water switching patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huirong Lin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China.
| | - Yue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
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Hua P, Gao Q, Wang Z, Jiang S, de Oliveira KRF, Macedo DO. Modeling and elucidation the effects of iron deposits on chlorine decay and trihalomethane formation in drinking water distribution system. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 207:117804. [PMID: 34763282 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Iron deposits stimulate chlorine consumption and trihalomethane (THM) formation in drinking water distribution systems through distinct mechanisms. In this study, a second-order chlorine decay model with a variable reaction-rate coefficient was developed to quantitatively evaluate the influences of iron deposits on chlorine reactions by considering the characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM), the type and dosages of deposits, as well as the initial chlorine concentrations. Based on a reliable prediction of residual chlorine, the concept that THM formation had a linear relationship with chlorine consumption was further validated by chlorination of DOM in the presence of iron deposits. Due to the catalysis influences, the reactivity of DOM towards chlorine decay or THM formation was accelerated. Although iron deposits activated the reactivity of DOM with bromine and chlorine, THM slightly shifted toward chlorinated species. Due to the adsorption influences, the maximum chlorine demand increased with the increasing deposit dosages whereas the extent of enhancement mainly relied on the DOM properties. Low-molecular-weight DOM with a hydrophilic characteristic was prone to be elevated by iron deposits. Based on the model simulation, approximately 20% of chlorine consumption and 37% of THM formation were contributed by deposits after 168 h reaction. The data provided herein emphasize the role of iron deposits in chlorine consumption and THM formation, which assist the water quality management in drinking water distribution systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Hua
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, 510006 Guangzhou, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, 510006 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Quan Gao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, 510006 Guangzhou, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, 510006 Guangzhou, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Keila Roberta Ferreira de Oliveira
- Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Engenharias, Arquitetura e Urbanismo e Geografia, Av. Costa e Silva, s/no., Bairro Universitário, CEP: 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Dhiogo Okumoto Macedo
- Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Engenharias, Arquitetura e Urbanismo e Geografia, Av. Costa e Silva, s/no., Bairro Universitário, CEP: 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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11
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Dey M, Akter A, Islam S, Chandra Dey S, Choudhury TR, Fatema KJ, Begum BA. Assessment of contamination level, pollution risk and source apportionment of heavy metals in the Halda River water, Bangladesh. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08625. [PMID: 34988319 PMCID: PMC8695248 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates the level of heavy metal pollution in the Halda River, the only natural breeding source of carps in Bangladesh. Water was collected from 12 different sampling points along the Halda River. Water at various locations was found satisfactory in terms of the assessed physicochemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids). The presence of various cations and anions was also studied using ion chromatography. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to identify and quantify various heavy metals in the collected water samples. Among the heavy metals, Cd, Cr, Fe, Pb, Cu, and As concentration exceeded the safe limit suggested by WHO. The calculated heavy metal pollution index and metal index were found higher than the critical index value. The single-factor assessment (P i) and Nemerow's multi-factor index (P N) of heavy metals was calculated to find out the degree of pollution in the Halda River. The maximum values of P i (Cd), P i (Pb), P i (As), P i (Cu), and P i (Cr) were determined to be 26.67, 260.00, 17.00, 208.76 and 2.80 respectively. The maximum value of P N was found to be 289.04. The discharge of effluents from various large and small industries near the Halda River is considered to be the major source of the identified heavy metals. Multivariate statistical analysis such as principal component analysis, Pearson correlation matrix and cluster analysis revealed that most of the heavy metals originated from different anthropogenic sources. Multivariate analysis also showed that Co, Mn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd, NH4+, NO3- mainly came from artificial sources whereas Fe, Ca, As mainly originated from natural sources. Arsenic (As) also came from artificial sources with Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Dey
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Asma Akter
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Saiful Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikat Chandra Dey
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Tasrina Rabia Choudhury
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Konica Jannat Fatema
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Bilkis Ara Begum
- Atmospheric and Environmental Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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12
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Del Olmo G, Ahmad A, Jensen H, Karunakaran E, Rosales E, Calero Preciado C, Gaskin P, Douterelo I. Influence of phosphate dosing on biofilms development on lead in chlorinated drinking water bioreactors. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2020; 6:43. [PMID: 33097725 PMCID: PMC7585443 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-020-00152-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphate dosing is used by water utilities to prevent plumbosolvency in water supply networks. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding biofilm formation on lead and plastic materials when phosphate concentrations are modified in drinking water systems. In this study, biofilms were grown over lead coupons and PVC tubes in bioreactors supplied with local drinking water treated to provide different phosphate doses (below 1, 1 and 2 mg/L) over a period of 28 days. A range of commercial iron pellets (GEH104 and WARP) were tested aiming to maintain phosphate levels below the average 1 mg/L found in drinking water. Changes in biofilm community structure in response to three different phosphate treatments were characterised by Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene for bacteria and the ITS2 gene for fungi. Scanning electron microscopy was used to visualise physical differences in biofilm development in two types of materials, lead and PVC. The experimental results from the kinetics of phosphate absorption showed that the GEH104 pellets were the best option to, in the long term, reduce phosphate levels while preventing undesirable turbidity increases in drinking water. Phosphate-enrichment promoted a reduction of bacterial diversity but increased that of fungi in biofilms. Overall, higher phosphate levels selected for microorganisms with enhanced capabilities related to phosphorus metabolism and heavy metal resistance. This research brings new insights regarding the influence of different phosphate concentrations on mixed-species biofilms formation and drinking water quality, which are relevant to inform best management practices in drinking water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Del Olmo
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Arslan Ahmad
- KWR Water Cycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433, PE, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
- KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708, PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henriette Jensen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Esther Karunakaran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Esther Rosales
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - Isabel Douterelo
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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13
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Gora SL, Trueman BF, Anaviapik-Soucie T, Gavin MK, Ontiveros CC, Campbell J, L'Hérault V, Stoddart AK, Gagnon GA. Source Water Characteristics and Building-specific Factors Influence Corrosion and Point of Use Water Quality in a Decentralized Arctic Drinking Water System. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:2192-2201. [PMID: 31961665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Access to clean and safe drinking water is a perpetual concern in Arctic communities because of challenging climatic conditions, limited options for the transportation of equipment and process chemicals, and the ongoing effects of colonialism. Water samples were gathered from multiple locations in a decentralized trucked drinking water system in Nunavut, Canada, over the course of one year. The results indicate that point of use drinking water quality was impacted by conditions in the source water and in individual buildings and strongly suggest that lead and copper measured at the tap were related to corrosion of onsite premise plumbing components. Humic-like substances were the dominant organic fraction in all samples, as determined by regional integration of fluorescence data. Iron and manganese levels in the source water and throughout the water system were higher in the winter and lower in the summer months. Elevated concentrations of copper (>2000 μg L-1) and lead (>5 μg L-1) were detected in tap water from some buildings. Field flow fractionation coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and ultraviolet-visible spectrometry was used to demonstrate the link between source water characteristics (high organics, iron and manganese) and lead and copper in point of use drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Gora
- Department of Civil and Resource Engineering , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 , Canada
| | - Benjamin F Trueman
- Department of Civil and Resource Engineering , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 , Canada
| | | | - Megan K Gavin
- Nunavut Arctic College , Iqaluit , Nunavut X0A 0H0 , Canada
| | - C Carolina Ontiveros
- Department of Civil and Resource Engineering , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 , Canada
| | - Jessica Campbell
- Department of Civil and Resource Engineering , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 , Canada
- Halifax Water , 450 Cowie Hill Rd. , Halifax , Nova Scotia B3P 2V3 , Canada
| | | | - Amina K Stoddart
- Department of Civil and Resource Engineering , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 , Canada
| | - Graham A Gagnon
- Department of Civil and Resource Engineering , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 , Canada
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14
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Ahsan MA, Satter F, Siddique MAB, Akbor MA, Ahmed S, Shajahan M, Khan R. Chemical and physicochemical characterization of effluents from the tanning and textile industries in Bangladesh with multivariate statistical approach. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:575. [PMID: 31422469 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Industrial effluents are one of the foremost concerns relating to the anthropogenic environmental pollution. The effluents from the tanning and textile industries in Dhaka, Bangladesh, were characterized chemically and physicochemically with multivariate statistical techniques. The concentrations of heavy metals viz., Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn were determined by atomic absorption spectrometer while concentrations of anions viz., F-, Cl-, NO2-, NO3-, and SO42- were measured by ion chromatograph. The physicochemical parameters viz., temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), and biological oxygen demand (BOD) were measured by a multiparameter meter while total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured gravimetrically. This study showed that effluents from both industries demonstrated high levels of TSS, TDS, EC, and heavy metals. Tannery effluents have lower pH and DO, and higher BOD, Cl-, SO42-, and Cr concentrations while textile dyeing effluents have higher pH, NO2-, and NO3- concentrations, compared to the standard limits promulgated by the Bangladesh government. Multivariate statistical techniques such as cluster analysis and principal component analysis along with the correlation matrices showed significant association among the measured parameters and identified pollution sources as well as effluent types in the study area which could be linked to the processes used in textile dying and tanning industries. This study will be useful for identifying pollutants emanating from the two industries and will guide future industrial aquatic studies where multiple industrial runoffs are concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Aminul Ahsan
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Satter
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Bakar Siddique
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Ahedul Akbor
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Shamim Ahmed
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shajahan
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Rahat Khan
- Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC), Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
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15
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Wang J, Yan H, Xin K, Tao T. Iron stability on the inner wall of prepared polyethylene drinking pipe: Effects of multi-water quality factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:1006-1012. [PMID: 30677965 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Iron is currently one of the main contaminants of drinking water. The inner walls of drinking pipes can cause iron to release in water chemistry, which alters the water quality, including its chloride, sulfate, bicarbonate, pH, and humic acid (HA) levels. Hence, the goal of this research was to improve our understanding of the multi-water quality factors affecting iron release in polyethylene pipes. An array of bench-scale experiments were conducted exposing model water with different concentrations of chloride, sulfate, bicarbonate, HA, and different pH levels to prepared polyethylene pipes following the response surface methodology. The single role of HA during iron release is also evaluated by changing its concentration. A comprehensive study revealed that regression models could be used to describe the relationship between the five water quality parameters and iron release. The coefficients of determination were 0.890 and 0.870 for the fitting equations of total and soluble iron concentrations in water, respectively. In the presence of HA, the concentration of iron in water increased more rapidly than that for the other four factors (chloride, sulfate, bicarbonate, and pH). In addition, the Visual MINTEQ results suggest that a lower HA concentration tended to increase the degree of saturation of iron solids. In turn, this limits iron release and considerably increases the iron concentration in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Hexiang Yan
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Kunlun Xin
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Tao Tao
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China; UN Environment-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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16
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Ahmed N, Bodrud-Doza M, Towfiqul Islam ARM, Hossain S, Moniruzzaman M, Deb N, Bhuiyan MAQ. Appraising spatial variations of As, Fe, Mn and NO 3 contaminations associated health risks of drinking water from Surma basin, Bangladesh. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 218:726-740. [PMID: 30504048 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to appraise the spatial variations and pathways of groundwater contaminations and associated health risks in the Surma basin, Bangladesh using geostatistics, Fuzzy GIS technique and health risk modelbased on ninety groundwater samples. The results show that the mean concentrations of As, Fe, Mn and NO3 are below the Bangladesh water quality standard, whereas As, Fe and Mn concentrations exceed World Health Organization guideline values in several sampling sites. The compositional study identifies weathering of source rocks, reductive dissolution of Fe and Mn-oxyhydroxide minerals and various anthropogenic inputs as the key sources of groundwater contamination. The kriged maps show the elevated risks of Fe, Mn and NO3 concentrations from the south to northern parts and As concentration from the north to southwestern parts of the Surma basin. The results of fuzzy GIS maps confirm the outcomes of kriged maps. Cross validation results show better performance of indicator kriging over probability kriging. The results also show a spatial heterogeneity with As, Fe, Mn and NO3 concentrations, indicating the low to medium risk categories. A health risk assessment is performed using hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI). The HQ values imply that the risk of contamination through oral ingestion pathway is medium to high levels for both adults and children as the trace elements show HQ values more than one. It is found that drinking water of several upazilas exhibits high contamination and that children are more susceptible to the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks than adults in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Ahmed
- Isotope Hydrology Division, Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Bodrud-Doza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; Climate Change Programme, BRAC, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | | | - Shahadat Hossain
- Isotope Hydrology Division, Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Moniruzzaman
- Isotope Hydrology Division, Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nipa Deb
- Isotope Hydrology Division, Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Quaiyum Bhuiyan
- Isotope Hydrology Division, Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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17
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Xing X, Wang H, Hu C, Liu L. Characterization of bacterial community and iron corrosion in drinking water distribution systems with O 3-biological activated carbon treatment. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 69:192-204. [PMID: 29941255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial community structure and iron corrosion were investigated for simulated drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) composed of annular reactors incorporating three different treatments: ozone, biologically activated carbon and chlorination (O3-BAC-Cl2); ozone and chlorination (O3-Cl2); or chlorination alone (Cl2). The lowest corrosion rate and iron release, along with more Fe3O4 formation, occurred in DWDSs with O3-BAC-Cl2 compared to those without a BAC filter. It was verified that O3-BAC influenced the bacterial community greatly to promote the relative advantage of nitrate-reducing bacteria (NRB) in DWDSs. Moreover, the advantaged NRB induced active Fe(III) reduction coupled to Fe(II) oxidation, enhancing Fe3O4 formation and inhibiting corrosion. In addition, O3-BAC pretreatment could reduce high-molecular-weight fractions of dissolved organic carbon effectively to promote iron particle aggregation and inhibit further iron release. Our findings indicated that the O3-BAC treatment, besides removing organic pollutants in water, was also a good approach for controlling cast iron corrosion and iron release in DWDSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueci Xing
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Haibo Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Chun Hu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lizhong Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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18
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Islam ARMT, Ahmed N, Bodrud-Doza M, Chu R. Characterizing groundwater quality ranks for drinking purposes in Sylhet district, Bangladesh, using entropy method, spatial autocorrelation index, and geostatistics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:26350-26374. [PMID: 28944409 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water is susceptible to the poor quality of contaminated water affecting the health of humans. Thus, it is an essential study to investigate factors affecting groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking uses. In this paper, the entropy theory, multivariate statistics, spatial autocorrelation index, and geostatistics are applied to characterize groundwater quality and its spatial variability in the Sylhet district of Bangladesh. A total of 91samples have been collected from wells (e.g., shallow, intermediate, and deep tube wells at 15-300-m depth) from the study area. The results show that NO3-, then SO42-, and As are the most contributed parameters influencing the groundwater quality according to the entropy theory. The principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation coefficient also confirm the results of the entropy theory. However, Na+ has the highest spatial autocorrelation and the most entropy, thus affecting the groundwater quality. Based on the entropy-weighted water quality index (EWQI) and groundwater quality index (GWQI) classifications, it is observed that 60.45 and 53.86% of water samples are classified as having an excellent to good qualities, while the remaining samples vary from medium to extremely poor quality domains for drinking purposes. Furthermore, the EWQI classification provides the more reasonable results than GWQIs due to its simplicity, accuracy, and ignoring of artificial weight. A Gaussian semivariogram model has been chosen to the best fit model, and groundwater quality indices have a weak spatial dependence, suggesting that both geogenic and anthropogenic factors play a pivotal role in spatial heterogeneity of groundwater quality oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh.
- College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Nasir Ahmed
- Isotope Hydrology Division, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Md Bodrud-Doza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Ronghao Chu
- College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
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19
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Liu J, Shentu H, Chen H, Ye P, Xu B, Zhang Y, Bastani H, Peng H, Chen L, Zhang T. Change regularity of water quality parameters in leakage flow conditions and their relationship with iron release. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 124:353-362. [PMID: 28780359 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The long-term stagnation in metal water supply pipes, usually caused by intermittent consumption patterns, will cause significant iron release and water quality deterioration, especially at the terminus of pipelines. Another common phenomenon at the terminus of pipelines is leakage, which is considered helpful by allowing seepage of low-quality drinking water resulting from long-term stagnation. In this study, the effect of laminar flow on alleviating water quality deterioration under different leakage conditions was investigated, and the potential thresholds of the flow rate, which can affect the iron release process, were discussed. Based on a galvanized pipe and ductile cast iron pipe pilot platform, which was established at the terminus of pipelines, this research was carried out by setting a series of leakage rate gradients to analyze the influence of different leakage flow rates on iron release, as well as the relationship with chemical and biological parameters. The results showed that the water quality parameters were obviously influenced by the change in flow velocity. Water quality was gradually improved with an increase in flow velocity, but its change regularity reflected a diversity under different flow rates (p < 0.05). The iron release was remarkably correlated to the redox potential, dissolved oxygen, pH, iron-oxidized bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria. The cumulative total iron release (r = 0.587, p < 0.05) and total iron release rate (r = 0.71, p < 0.022) were significantly influenced by the changes in flow velocity. In short, they tended first to increase and then to decrease with an increasing flow velocity with the threshold as approximately 40% of the critical laminar flow velocity (1.16 × 10-3 m/s). For the pipes at the terminus of the drinking water distribution system, when the bulk water was at the critical laminar flow velocity, the concentration of total iron, the quantity and rate of total iron release remain relatively in an ideal and safe situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqing Liu
- College of Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Huabin Shentu
- College of Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Huanyu Chen
- Binhai Industrial Technology Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Ping Ye
- Jiayuan Water Supply and Sewerage Company, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Jiayuan Water Supply and Sewerage Company, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Yifu Zhang
- College of Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hamid Bastani
- College of Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hongxi Peng
- College of Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Tuqiao Zhang
- College of Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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20
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Effects of Sulfate, Chloride, and Bicarbonate on Iron Stability in a PVC-U Drinking Pipe. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017. [PMID: 28629192 PMCID: PMC5486346 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14060660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to describe iron stability in plastic pipes and to ensure the drinking water security, the influence factors and rules for iron adsorption and release were studied, dependent on the Unplasticized poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) drinking pipes employed in this research. In this paper, sulfate, chloride, and bicarbonate, as well as synthesized models, were chosen to investigate the iron stability on the inner wall of PVC-U drinking pipes. The existence of the three kinds of anions could significantly affect the process of iron adsorption, and a positive association was found between the level of anion concentration and the adsorption rate. However, the scaling formed on the inner surface of the pipes would be released into the water under certain conditions. The Larson Index (LI), used for a synthetic consideration of anion effects on iron stability, was selected to investigate the iron release under multi-factor conditions. Moreover, a well fitted linear model was established to gain a better understanding of iron release under multi-factor conditions. The simulation results demonstrated that the linear model was better fitted than the LI model for the prediction of iron release.
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21
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Jin Y, Pei H, Hu W, Zhu Y, Xu H, Ma C, Sun J, Li H. A promising application of chitosan quaternary ammonium salt to removal of Microcystis aeruginosa cells from drinking water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 583:496-504. [PMID: 28126284 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work was aimed toward studying the new application of chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HTCC), a water-soluble chitosan derivative, on removal of Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) cells during HTCC coagulation and floc storage. Results showed that all cells were removed without damage under optimum coagulation conditions: HTCC dosage 1.5mg/L, rapid mixing for 0.5min at 5.04g and slow mixing for 30min at 0.20g. The high removal efficiency was due to the large size and compact structure of flocs formed by HTCC, which readily settled. During floc storage, HTCC could induce production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which would accelerate M. aeruginosa cell lysis. But the flocs, into which the cells aggregated, could protect cells from cellular oxidative damage caused by ROS, thus keeping the cells intact for a longer time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Haiyan Pei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, 250061, China.
| | - Wenrong Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Yaowen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hangzhou Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chunxia Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jiongming Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hongmin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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22
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Vadasarukkai YS, Gagnon GA. Influence of the Mixing Energy Consumption Affecting Coagulation and Floc Aggregation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:3480-3489. [PMID: 28206742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The operational significance of energy-intensive rapid mixing processes remains unaddressed in coagulation and flocculation of insoluble precipitates (flocs), which play an important role in the removal of impurities from drinking water supplies. In this study, the influence of rapid mixing and associated mixing energy on floc aggregation was examined for a surface water source characterized by a high fraction of aquatic humic matter. Infrared spectral analyses showed that the colloidal complexes resulting from ligand exchange between iron and dissolved natural organic matter (DOM) were not substantially influenced by the mixing energy input. This signified that DOM removal by coagulation can be achieved at lower mixing intensity, thereby reducing energy consumption. In contrast, macroscopic investigations showed the coagulation mixing energy affected floc size distributions during the slow mixing stage in flocculation and, to some extent, their settling characteristics. The results from analysis of floc properties clearly showed that more mixing energy was expended than necessary in coagulation, which is typically designed at a high mixing intensity range of 600-1000 s-1 in treatment plants. The key findings from this study have practical implications to water utilities to strategically meet water quality goals while reducing energy demands.
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23
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Tang M, Li J, Ye Z, Kou Z, Fu L. A Novel Eco-Friendly Scale and Corrosion Inhibitor Modified by β-Cyclodextrin. Aust J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/ch16720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A polymer, β-MEA, was synthesised from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), 3-chloro-2-methylpropene (MAC), epoxysuccinic acid (ESA), and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) with a (NH4)2S2O8-NaHSO3 redox initiator system by aqueous solution radical polymerisation. β-MEA was characterised by means of IR spectroscopy, time-of-flight mass spectrometry, gel permeation chromatography, and thermogravimetric analysis. Its structure, molecular weight, thermal stability, scale and corrosion inhibition performance and mechanism were investigated. The results verified that β-MEA achieves a better scale inhibition efficiency for BaSO4 compared with poly(aspartic acid) (PASP) (100 % cf. 94.9 % at a concentration of 20 mg L−1) and a better corrosion inhibition efficiency of N80 carbon steel in saline water compared with PESA (91.2 % cf. 79.7 % at a concentration of 1 g L−1). The BaSO4 was characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction to investigate the crystal morphology of the scale. Primary research on the mechanism for corrosion inhibition was carried by SEM-chemical analysis.
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24
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Wang JY, Li SP, Xin KL, Tao T. Equilibrium and kinetic modeling of iron adsorption and the effect by chloride, sulfate, and hydroxyl: evaluation of PVC-U drinking pipes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:23902-23910. [PMID: 27628917 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7646-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The update of pipeline was quick over the last few years and the plastic pipes were widely used in the drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs), especially in the small-diameter pipes. In this study, the iron adsorptive characteristics and the affecting factors in unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) pipe were investigated. Results showed that the average amount of iron in the 10-year-old PVC-U pipe's interior surface was 2.80 wt% which was almost 187 times larger than that in a new one. Goethite (α-FeOOH) and magnetite (Fe3O4) were the major iron compounds in the scales which covered on the old pipes' interior surface and showed loose and porous images under a scanning electron microscope. Moreover, the influence of the iron concentration on the adsorption amount and rate was discussed. The adsorption amount was significantly influenced by iron concentration, but similar adsorption rate was discovered. Notably, iron was quantitatively adsorbed by PVC-U pipe during the experimental period in accordance with the pseudo second order kinetic model. Meanwhile, regression model and response surface methodology were used to analyze the regular of iron adsorption in different concentrations of chloride (Cl-), sulfate (SO42-), and hydroxyl (OH-). It can be concluded that Cl- and OH- showed the strong ability of iron adsorption which were larger than SO42-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia -Ying Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shu-Ping Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Kun-Lun Xin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tao Tao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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25
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Trueman BF, Gagnon GA. Understanding the Role of Particulate Iron in Lead Release to Drinking Water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:9053-60. [PMID: 27468089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Lead service lines (LSLs) are a major source of drinking water lead, and high iron levels are frequently observed along with elevated lead release. A model distribution system, dosed with orthophosphate, was used to evaluate the effect of corroded iron distribution mains on lead release from recovered LSLs. Lead release was higher by 96 μg L(-1), on average, from LSLs supplied by corroded iron compared to the inert reference material (PVC). This effect may be explained by deposition of semiconducting iron oxide particles within LSLs. When galvanic cells with lead and magnetite (Fe3O4) electrodes were short-circuited, lead release increased 8-fold and a current averaging 26 μA was observed. In effluent from LSLs with an upstream iron main, colloidal lead and iron occurred in the same size fraction-possibly due to release of colloidal particles from LSL corrosion scale enriched with iron. Under these circumstances, high molecular weight (>669 kDa) (208)Pb and (56)Fe elution profiles, observed via size-exclusion chromatography, were highly correlated (average R(2) = 0.97). Increasing orthophosphate from 0.5 to 1.0 mg L(-1) (as PO4(3-)) accompanied an average reduction in lead release of 6 μg L(-1) month(-1) but did not significantly reduce the effect of an upstream iron main.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F Trueman
- Department of Civil & Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University , 1360 Barrington St., Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Graham A Gagnon
- Department of Civil & Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University , 1360 Barrington St., Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada B3H 4R2
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26
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Effect of iron oxide nanocluster on enhanced removal of molybdate from surface water and pilot scale test. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Tang S, Wang XM, Mao YQ, Zhao Y, Yang HW, Xie YF. Effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on iron efficiency: Removal of three chloroacetic acids. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 73:342-352. [PMID: 25697696 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The monochloroacetic, dichloroacetic and trichloroacetic acid (MCAA, DCAA and TCAA) removed by metallic iron under controlled dissolved oxygen conditions (0, 0.75, 1.52, 2.59, 3.47 or 7.09 mg/L DO) was investigated in well-mixed batch systems. The removal of CAAs increased first and then decreased with increasing DO concentration. Compared with anoxic condition, the reduction of MCAA and DCAA was substantially enhanced in the presence of O2, while TCAA reduction was significantly inhibited above 2.59 mg/L. The 1.52 mg/L DO was optimum for the formation of final product, acetic acid. Chlorine mass balances were 69-102%, and carbon mass balances were 92-105%. With sufficient mass transfer from bulk to the particle surface, the degradation of CAAs was limited by their reduction or migration rate within iron particles, which were dependent on the change of reducing agents and corrosion coatings. Under anoxic conditions, the reduction of CAAs was mainly inhibited by the available reducing agents in the conductive layer. Under low oxic conditions, the increasing reducing agents and thin lepidocrocite layer were favorable for CAA dechlorination. Under high oxic conditions, the redundant oxygen competing for reducing agents and significant lepidocrocite growth became the major restricting factors. Various CAA removal mechanisms could be potentially applied to explaining the effect of DO concentration on iron efficiency for contaminant reduction in water and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Tang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xiao-mao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yu-qin Mao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Hong-wei Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Yuefeng F Xie
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Environmental Programs, The Pennsylvania State University, 777 West Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, PA 17057, USA
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