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Liu Y, Liu W, Gan X, Shang J, Cheng X. High-performance, stable CoNi LDH@Ni foam composite membrane with innovative peroxymonosulfate activation for 2,4-dichlorophenol destruction. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 141:235-248. [PMID: 38408824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the cobalt-nickel layered double hydroxides (CoNi LDH) were synthesized with a variety of Co/Ni mass ratio, as CoxNiy LDHs. In comparison, Co1Ni3 LDH presented the best peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation efficiency for 2,4-dichlorophenol removal. Meanwhile, CoNi LDH@Nickel foam (CoNi LDH@NF) composite membrane was constructed for enhancing the stability of catalytic performance. Herein, CoNi LDH@NF-PMS system exerted high degradation efficiency of 99.22% within 90 min for 2,4-DCP when [PMS]0 = 0.4 g/L, Co1Ni3 LDH@NF = 2 cm × 2 cm (0.2 g/L), reaction temperature = 298 K. For the surface morphology and structure of the catalyst, it was demonstrated that the CoNi LDH@NF composite membrane possessed abundant cavity structure, good specific surface area and sufficient active sites. Importantly, ·OH, SO4·- and 1O2 played the primary role in the CoNi LDH@NF-PMS system for 2,4-DCP decomposition, which revealed the PMS activation mechanism in CoNi LDH@NF-PMS system. Hence, this study eliminated the stability and adaptability of CoNi LDH@NF composite membrane, proposing a new theoretical basis of PMS heterogeneous catalysts selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Weibao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xinrui Gan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xinjiang Laboratory of Phase Transitions and Microstructures of Condensed Matter Physics, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
| | - Jiangwei Shang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xinjiang Laboratory of Phase Transitions and Microstructures of Condensed Matter Physics, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China; Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Xiuwen Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xinjiang Laboratory of Phase Transitions and Microstructures of Condensed Matter Physics, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China; Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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2
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Zhang M, Wang J, Zhan X, Xu W, He M, Ma D, Yue Z. Degradation of thiocyanate by Fe/Cu/C microelectrolysis: Role of pre-magnetization and enhancement mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118833. [PMID: 38599446 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Thiocyanate (SCN-), a non-volatile inorganic pollutant, is commonly found in various types of industrial wastewater, which is resistant to hydrolysis and has the potential to be toxic to organisms. Premagnetized iron-copper-carbon ternary micro-electrolytic filler (pre-Fe/Cu/C) was prepared to degrade SCN-. Pre-Fe/Cu/C exhibited the most significant enhancement effect on SCN- removal when magnetized for 5 min with an intensity of 100 mT, and the SCN- removal rate was the highest at an initial pH of 3.0 and an aeration rate of 1.6 L/min. The electrochemical corrosion and electron transfer in the pre-Fe/Cu/C system were confirmed through SEM, XPS, FTIR, XRD, and electrochemical tests. This resulted in the formation of more corrosion products and multiple cycles of Fe2+/Fe3+ and Cu0/Cu+/Cu2+. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) were utilized to illustrate the oxygen adsorption properties of the materials and the participation of reactive oxygen species (1O2, ·O2-, and ·OH) in SCN- removal. The degradation products of SCN- were identified as SO42-, HCO3-, NH4+, and N2. This study introduced the use of permanent magnets for the first time to enhance Fe/Cu/C ternary micro-electrolytic fillers, offering a cost-effective, versatile, and stable approach that effectively effectively enhanced the degradation of SCN-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China.
| | - Xinyuan Zhan
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Wusong Xu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Maolin He
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Ding Ma
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Zhengbo Yue
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China.
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Li G, Liu W, Gao S, Lu H, Fu D, Wang M, Liu X. MXene-based composite aerogels with bifunctional ferrous ions for the efficient degradation of phenol from wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142151. [PMID: 38679169 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Herein, MXene-based composite aerogel (MXene-Fe2+ aerogel) are constructed by a one-step freeze-drying method, using Ti3C2Tx MXene layers as substrate material and ferrous ion (Fe2+) as crosslinking agent. With the aid of the Fe2+ induced Fenton reaction, the synthesized aerogels are used as the particle electrodes to remove phenol from wastewater with three-dimensional electrode technology. Combined with the dual roles of Fe2+ and the highly conductive MXene, the obtained particle electrode possesses extremely effective phenol degradation. The effects of experiment parameters such as Fe2+ to MXene ratio, particle electrode dosage, applied voltage, and initial pH of solution on the removal of phenol are discussed. At pH = 2.5, phenol with 50 mg/L of initial concentration can be completely removed within 50 min at 10 V with the particle electrode dosage of 0.56 g/L. Finally, the mechanism of degradation is explored. This work provides an effective way for phenol degradation by MXene-based aerogel, which has great potential for the degradation of other organic pollutants in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyuan Li
- Institute of New Carbon Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
| | - Weifeng Liu
- Institute of New Carbon Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
| | - Shaojun Gao
- Institute of New Carbon Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
| | - Huayu Lu
- Institute of New Carbon Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
| | - Dongju Fu
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, China.
| | - Meiling Wang
- Institute of New Carbon Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
| | - Xuguang Liu
- Institute of New Carbon Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
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Zhang T, Huang X, Qiao J, Liu Y, Zhang J, Wang Y. Recent developments in synthesis of attapulgite composite materials for refractory organic wastewater treatment: a review. RSC Adv 2024; 14:16300-16317. [PMID: 38769962 PMCID: PMC11103670 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02014f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Attapulgite clay, due to its unique crystalline hydrated magnesium-aluminium silicate composition and layer-chain structure, possesses exceptional adsorption and catalytic properties, which enable it or its composites to be utilized as adsorbents and catalysts for wastewater treatment. But the drawbacks of attapulgite are also very obvious, such as relatively low specific surface area (compared to traditional adsorbents such as activated carbon and activated alumina), easy aggregation, and difficulty in dispersion. In order to fully utilize and improve the performance of attapulgite, researchers have conducted extensive research on its modification, but few specialized works have comprehensively evaluated the synthesis, applications and challenges for attapulgite-based composite materials in refractory organic wastewater treatments. This paper provides a comprehensive review of controllable preparation strategies, characterization methods and mechanisms of attapulgite-based composite materials, as well as the research progress of these materials in refractory organic wastewater treatment. Based on this review, constructive recommendations, such as deep mechanism analysis from molecular level multi-functional attapulgite-based material developments, and using biodegradable materials in attapulgite-based composites, were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Huang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Jiaojiao Qiao
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou P. R. China
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Rai D, Sinha S. Characterization and electrochemical properties of TiO 2-rNTs/SnO 2-Sb/PbO 2 electrodes for the mineralization of persistent organic pollutants using anodic oxidation coupled Electro-Fenton treatment: Effect of precursor selection. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141307. [PMID: 38307338 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The present study compares the effect of using different solvents on the electrochemical properties of the reduced TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2-rNTs) layered Ti/TiO2-rNTs/SnO2-Sb/PbO2 anodes. The electrodes are prepared using three different solvent-based precursors: (i) isopropanol, (ii) ethylene glycol and citric acid (Pechini method), and (iii) 2-hydroxyethylammonium acetate (2HEAA) ionic liquid (IL) via the thermal decomposition route. The decomposition mechanism of precursor solutions was explored using the thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis. Further, the physicochemical properties of the electrodes are examined using Field emission Scanning Electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron emission spectroscopy (XPS). The results revealed that solvents with higher viscosity and slower decomposition rates support better film uniformity and higher stability of the electrode. The TiO2 -rNTs bottom layer and PbO2 top layer helped obtain higher film stability, increased working potential window (2.2 V vs. SHE) of the electrode, and the repeatability of the results. The performance of different electrodes based on the precursor solution is found as IL ≫ Pechini > Isopropanol. 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) is used as a model pollutant to test the performance of IL-Ti/TiO2-rNTs/SnO2-Sb/PbO2 anode in an anodic oxidation (AO) coupled electro-Fenton (EF) treatment. Further, the reliability of the electrode is evaluated by mineralizing other persistent organic pollutants (POPs) like tetracyclin, phenol, 2-chlorophenol (2-CP), and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). Under the optimized conditions, the proposed system was able to mineralize the tetracyclin, phenol, 2-CP, 2,4-DCP, and 4-CP up to 78.91, 82.07, 74.96, 78.78, and 69.3 %, respectively. Moreover, the degradation mechanism of chlorophenols is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
| | - Shishir Sinha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
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Ma T, Ren H, Liu M, Zhou R. Nanoconfined catalytic membrane assembled by nitrogen-doped carbon encapsulating Fe-based nanoparticles for rapid removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol in wastewater by peroxymonosulfate activation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133523. [PMID: 38278075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Surface-dependent non-radical oxidation of carbon materials-based persulfate systems show a better application prospect in the removal of pollutants in complex wastewater. However, their potential is severely limited by the restricted liquid-to-solid mass transfer efficiency of conventional suspension systems. In this paper, a nitrogen-doped carbon encapsulating iron-based nanoparticles (Fe@NC) was prepared, and loaded onto a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane to construct a novel catalytic membrane Fe@NC/PVDF. The Fe@NC/PVDF/PMS system could achieve 99.74% of 2,4-dicholophenol (2,4-DCP) removal within a retention time of 0.867 s, the kinetic constant is 840 times higher than that of Fe@NC/PMS system, and 2-5 orders of magnitude higher than that of various reported advanced oxidation processes systems. The system exhibits strong anti-interference to various water matrices, long-time operational stability at high flux (306 L·m-2·h-1), universality to pollutants that do not contain strong electron-withdrawing groups and mitigation of membrane fouling. Mechanism studies indicate that the electron transfer pathway dominates the 2,4-DCP removal, and singlet oxygen (1O2) plays an auxiliary role. The higher mass transfer efficiency of the filtration mode releases the full potential of the non-radical pathway. This paper provides theoretical and technical support for the development and efficient utilization of carbon-based materials with excellent persulfate catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taigang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hejun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Meijun Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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7
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Qiu X, Zhao Y, Jia Z, Li C, Jin R, Mutabazi E. Fe and Zn co-doped carbon nanoparticles as peroxymonosulfate activator for efficient 2,4-dichorophenol degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117313. [PMID: 37866532 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Iron-mediated activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) has been of great interest for the effective removal of contaminants, but it still suffered from ineffective metal redox cycle rate, which resulted in unsatisfactory catalytic efficiency. Constructing bimetallic carbonaceous materials was effective way to improve the catalytic performance of iron-based heterogeneous system. In this study, magnetic bimetallic porous carbon composite (FZCx) was synthesized via Fe/Zn bi-MOFs pyrolysis for 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) degradation by peroxymonosulfate. Influences of different systems exhibited that 100% of 2,4-DCP was rapidly degraded at the conditions of catalyst dosage = 0.1 g L-1, PMS = 0.5 mM and initial pH = 9.0 within 30 min. The as-prepared FZC600 displayed excellent reusability and stability. Quenching experiments and EPR analysis manifested that SO4·- and 1O2 were primarily responsible for the rapid degradation of 2,4-DCP. Moreover, XPS, EPR and EIS was used to elaborate the bimetallic synergy effect, proving that the introduction of zinc can effectively promote periodic cycle of Fe2+/Fe3+ and improve catalysts durability and reusability. These findings highlighted the preparation of bimetallic based carbonaceous material with excellent PMS activation ability to remove refractory organics from wastewater and provided a depth insight into the promotion of bimetal synergy between zinc and iron on PMS activation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Zichen Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ruotong Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Emmanuel Mutabazi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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Zhu ZY, Wang YD, Wang XW, Dai GL, Ma SJ, Liu X, Li JH, Jin L, Lin ZX. Pd/MIL-100(Fe) as hydrogen activator for Fe III/Fe II cycle: Fenton removal of sulfamethazine. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:3504-3517. [PMID: 35389329 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2064237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Masses of iron sludge generated from engineering practice of classic Fenton reaction constraints its further promotion. Accelerating the FeIII/FeII cycle may be conducive to reducing the initial ferrous slat dosage and the final iron sludge. Based on the reduction of Pd/MIL-100(Fe)-activated hydrogen, an improved Fenton system named MHACF-MIL-100(Fe) was developed at ambient temperature and pressure. 97.8% of sulfamethazine, the target pollutant in this work, could be degraded in 5 min under the conditions of 20 mM H2O2, 25 μM ferrous chloride, initial pH 3.0, 2 g·L-1 composite catalyst Pd/MIL-100(Fe) and hydrogen gas 60 mL·min-1. Combining density functional theory (DFT) calculation and intermediate detection, the degradation of this antibiotic was inferred to start from the cleavage of N-S bond. The catalytic of Pd/MIL-100(Fe), demonstrated by the removal efficiency of SMT and the catalyst morphology, remained intact after six reaction cycles. The present study provides an insight into the promotion of Fenton reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yan Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Institute of Environmental Protection Application Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Dong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Institute of Environmental Protection Application Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Wen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Institute of Environmental Protection Application Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Liang Dai
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - San-Jian Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Institute of Environmental Protection Application Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Suzhou Cott Environmental Protection Co., Ltd., Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Institute of Environmental Protection Application Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Suzhou Cott Environmental Protection Co., Ltd., Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan-Hong Li
- Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Institute of Environmental Protection Application Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Xia Lin
- Testing Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Du X, Fu W, Su P, Zhang Q, Zhou M. FeMo@porous carbon derived from MIL-53(Fe)@MoO 3 as excellent heterogeneous electro-Fenton catalyst: Co-catalysis of Mo. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 127:652-666. [PMID: 36522094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
An ultra-efficient electro-Fenton catalyst with porous carbon coated Fe-Mo metal (FeMo@PC), was prepared by calcining MIL-53(Fe)@MoO3. This FeMo@PC-2 exhibited impressive catalytic performance for sulfamethazine (SMT) degradation with a high turnover frequency value (7.89 L/(g·min)), much better than most of reported catalysts. The mineralization current efficiency and electric energy consumption were 83.2% and 0.03 kWh/gTOC, respectively, at low current (5 mA) and small dosage of catalyst (25.0 mg/L). The removal rate of heterogeneous electro-Fenton (Hetero-EF) process catalyzed by FeMo@PC-2 was 4.58 times that of Fe@PC/Hetero-EF process. Because the internal-micro-electrolysis occurred between PC and Fe0, while the co-catalysis of Mo accelerated the rate-limiting step of the Fe3+/Fe2+ cycle and greatly improved the H2O2 utilization efficiency. The results of radical scavenger experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance confirmed the main role of surface-bound hydroxyl radical oxidation. This process was feasible to remove diverse organic contaminants such as phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, carbamazepine and SMT. This paper enlightened the importance of the doped Mo, which could greatly improve the activity of the iron-carbon heterogeneous catalyst derived from metal-organic frameworks in EF process for efficient removal of organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedong Du
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wenyang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Pei Su
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qizhan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Minghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Deng F, Olvera-Vargas H, Zhou M, Qiu S, Sirés I, Brillas E. Critical Review on the Mechanisms of Fe 2+ Regeneration in the Electro-Fenton Process: Fundamentals and Boosting Strategies. Chem Rev 2023; 123:4635-4662. [PMID: 36917618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
This review presents an exhaustive overview on the mechanisms of Fe3+ cathodic reduction within the context of the electro-Fenton (EF) process. Different strategies developed to improve the reduction rate are discussed, dividing them into two categories that regard the mechanistic feature that is promoted: electron transfer control and mass transport control. Boosting the Fe3+ conversion to Fe2+ via electron transfer control includes: (i) the formation of a series of active sites in both carbon- and metal-based materials and (ii) the use of other emerging strategies such as single-atom catalysis or confinement effects. Concerning the enhancement of Fe2+ regeneration by mass transport control, the main routes involve the application of magnetic fields, pulse electrolysis, interfacial Joule heating effects, and photoirradiation. Finally, challenges are singled out, and future prospects are described. This review aims to clarify the Fe3+/Fe2+ cycling process in the EF process, eventually providing essential ideas for smart design of highly effective systems for wastewater treatment and valorization at an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China.,Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Secció de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hugo Olvera-Vargas
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IER-UNAM), Priv. Xochicalco S/N, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos CP 62580, México
| | - Minghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Shan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Ignasi Sirés
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Secció de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Brillas
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Secció de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Shokri A, Nasernejad B, Sanavi Fard M. Challenges and Future Roadmaps in Heterogeneous Electro-Fenton Process for Wastewater Treatment. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2023; 234:153. [PMID: 36844633 PMCID: PMC9942065 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-023-06139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of heterogeneous electro-Fenton technology on the degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants in wastewater is glaringly obvious. This green technology can be effectively harnessed for addressing ever-increasing water-related challenges. Due to its outstanding performance, eco-friendliness, easy automation, and operability over a wide range of pH, it has garnered significant attention from different wastewater treatment research communities. This review paper briefly discusses the principal mechanism of the electro-Fenton process, the crucial properties of a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst, the heterogeneous electro-Fenton system enabled with Fe-functionalized cathodic materials, and its essential operating parameters. Moreover, the authors comprehensively explored the major challenges that prevent the commercialization of the electro-Fenton process and propose future research pathways to countervail those disconcerting challenges. Synthesizing heterogeneous catalysts by application of advanced materials for maximizing their reusability and stability, the full realization of H2O2 activation mechanism, conduction of life-cycle assessment to explore environmental footprints and potential adverse effects of side-products, scale-up from lab-scale to industrial scale, and better reactor design, fabrication of electrodes with state-of-the-art technologies, using the electro-Fenton process for treatment of biological contaminants, application of different effective cells in the electro-Fenton process, hybridization of the electro-Fenton with other wastewater treatments technologies and full-scale analysis of economic costs are key recommendations which deserve considerable scholarly attention. Finally, it concludes that by implementing all the abovementioned gaps, the commercialization of electro-Fenton technology would be a realistic goal. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Shokri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 15875-4413 Iran
- Jundi-Shapur Research Institute, Jundishapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran
| | - Bahram Nasernejad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 15875-4413 Iran
| | - Mahdi Sanavi Fard
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
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12
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Recent advances in application of heterogeneous electro-Fenton catalysts for degrading organic contaminants in water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:39431-39450. [PMID: 36763272 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been widely used in surface and ground water pollution control. The heterogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) process has gained much attention due to its properties of high catalytic performance, no generation of iron sludge, and good recyclability of catalyst. As of October 2022, the cited papers and publications of EF are around 1.3 × 10-5 and 3.4 × 10-3 in web of science. Among the AOP techniques, the contaminant removal efficiencies by EF process are above 90% in most studies. Current reviews mainly focused on the mechanism of EF and few reviews comprehensively summarized heterogeneous catalysts and their applications in wastewater treatment. Thus, this review focuses on the current studies covering the period 2012-2022, and applications of heterogeneous catalysts in EF process. Two kinds of typical heterogeneous EF systems (the addition of solid catalysts and the functionalized cathode catalysts) and their applications for organic contaminants degradation in water are reviewed. In detail, solid catalysts, including iron minerals, iron oxide-based composites, and iron-free catalysts, are systematically described. Different functionalized cathode materials, containing Fe-based cathodes, carbonaceous-based cathodes, and heteroatom-doped cathodes, are also reviewed. Finally, emphasis and outlook are made on the future prospects and challenges of heterogeneous EF catalyst for wastewater treatments.
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13
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Zheng Y, Du X, Song G, Gu J, Guo J, Zhou M. Degradation of carbamazepine over MOFs derived FeMn@C bimetallic heterogeneous electro-Fenton catalyst. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137353. [PMID: 36423717 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient heterogeneous electro-Fenton (Hetero-EF) catalyst with core-shell structure was successfully prepared by calcination of Mn-doped Mil-53 (Fe) precursor at high temperature. FeMn@C-800/2 prepared at pyrolysis temperature of 800 °C and Fe:Mn molar doping ratio of 2:1 showed the best catalytic performance for the degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ). The characterization, properties and stability of FeMn@C-800/2 were systematically investigated, obtaining the apparent first-order reaction rate of Hetero-EF was 8.9 and 17.8 times higher than that on Fe@C-800 and Mn@C-800 at the optimized conditions of current density 10 mA cm-2, catalyst dosage of 50 mg L-1 and initial pH 4.0, respectively. The incorporation of Mn promoted the generation of more Fe0 and Fe3C during the pyrolysis process, and enhanced the internal micro-electrolysis between Fe0 and carbon shell. At the same time, the presence of Mn0 also promoted the regeneration of Fe2+, and improved the activity of iron-carbon heterogeneous catalysis in the EF process, so as to degrade organic pollutants more effectively. This work would help to gain insight into the design of MOFs derived Fe-Mn bimetal catalyst and its mechanism for enhanced heterogeneous electro-Fenton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; Tianjin Advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xuedong Du
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; Tianjin Advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ge Song
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; Tianjin Advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jinyu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; Tianjin Advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jieru Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; Tianjin Advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Minghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; Tianjin Advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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14
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Single iron atoms embedded in MOF-derived nitrogen-doped carbon as an efficient heterogeneous electro-Fenton catalyst for degradation of carbamazepine over a wide pH. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Ye X, Cai W, Lu D, Liu R, Wu Y, Wang Y. Electrochemical regeneration of granular activated carbon using an AQS (9,10- anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid)/PPy modified graphite plate cathode. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136189. [PMID: 36037956 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigate the regeneration efficiency of Rhodamine B (RhB)-saturated granular activated carbon (GAC) in an electrochemical regeneration system by using a 9,10-anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid/polypyrrole modified graphite plate (AQS/PPy-GP) cathode. The response surface methodology based on the Box-Behnken design (RSM-BBD) approach was used to optimize regeneration parameters, whereby the optimum condition of the independent variables was as follows: applied current = 155 mA, concentration of supporting electrolyte = 0.13 M, and regeneration time = 7 h. The electrochemical regeneration system with the AQS/PPy-GP electrode achieved high regeneration efficiency and significantly reduced energy consumption. H2O2 concentration generated in the electrolysis system was notably increased, and the time of complete degradation of organics was shortened by 25% compared to the electrode without modification. The mechanism for RhB degradation was proposed as AQS acting as a catalyst to promote the formation of H2O2. The regeneration study showed that AQS/PPy-GP cathode had appreciable reusability for GAC regeneration with a regeneration efficiency of 76.6% after 8 regeneration cycles. In summary, the electrochemical regeneration based on AQS/PPy-GP cathode would have practical industrial applications in treating spent activated carbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Wangfeng Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Ding Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Ruonan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Yingdong Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
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16
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Li C, Hu C, Song Y, Sun YM, Yang W, Ma M. Active Oxygen Functional Group Modification and the Combined Interface Engineering Strategy for Efficient Hydrogen Peroxide Electrosynthesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:46695-46707. [PMID: 36210526 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cathodic catalytic activity and interfacial mass transfer are key factors for efficiently generating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via a two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this work, a carbonized carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) synthetic fabric cathode was designed and constructed to improve two-electron ORR activity and interfacial mass transfer. Carbonized CMC exhibits abundant active carboxyl groups and excellent two-electron ORR activity with an H2O2 selectivity of approximately 87%, higher than that of rGO and other commonly used carbonaceous catalysts. Carbonizing CMC and the agglomerates formed from it restrain the restacking of rGO sheets and thus create abundant meso/macroporous channels for the interfacial mass transfer of oxygen and H2O2. Thus, the as-constructed carbonized CMC-rGO synthetic fabric cathode exhibits exceptional H2O2 electrosynthesis performance with 11.94 mg·h-1·cm-2 yield and 82.32% current efficiency. The sufficient active sites and mass-transfer channels of the cathode also ensure its practical application performance at high current densities, which is further illustrated by the rapid organic pollutant degradation via the H2O2-based electro-Fenton process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Nanjing IPE Institute of Green Manufacturing Industry, Nanjing, Jiangsu211135, P. R. China
| | - Chaoquan Hu
- Nanjing IPE Institute of Green Manufacturing Industry, Nanjing, Jiangsu211135, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, P. R. China
| | - Yang Song
- Nanjing IPE Institute of Green Manufacturing Industry, Nanjing, Jiangsu211135, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Meng Sun
- Nanjing IPE Institute of Green Manufacturing Industry, Nanjing, Jiangsu211135, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan32001, Taiwan
| | - Weisheng Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210037, P. R. China
| | - Meng Ma
- Nanjing IPE Institute of Green Manufacturing Industry, Nanjing, Jiangsu211135, P. R. China
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17
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Lei Z, Huang Z, Lin Y, Liu Y, Yan Z, Zheng W, Ma H, Dang Z, Feng C. Boosting the oxidative capacity of the Fe(0)/O 2 system via an air-breathing cathode. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129552. [PMID: 35999726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The corrosion of Fe(0) in the presence of O2 in nature can lead to the oxidation of organic compounds, but the efficiency is very limited. Herein, attempts were made to establish a galvanic system that separates the anodic Fe(0) oxidation reaction and the cathodic O2 reduction reaction using an air-breathing cathode. Compared with the chemical Fe(0)/O2 system, it exhibited a substantially higher capability of destroying a variety of pollutants, such as organic dyes (12 types), phenol, nitrobenzene, acetaminophen, phenol, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The degradation rate constant of a model dye (i.e., Rhodamine B) increased from 0.047 min-1 (chemical) to 1.412 min-1 (galvanic) under the passive air-breathing condition. The electric circuit design promoted Fe(0) dissolution to Fe(II) and triggered electron transfer that drives O2 reduction to H2O2, two important species responsible for the generation of HO• at high abundance. In addition, the galvanic Fe(0)/O2 system produces electricity while destroying pollutants. Tests with real Ni plating wastewater further demonstrated the capability of the system to oxidize complexed organics and phosphite. This study provides a new strategy for boosting the oxidative capacity of the Fe(0)/O2 system, which shows promise for acid wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchao Lei
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ziyuan Huang
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yimin Lin
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhang Yan
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wenxiao Zheng
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Huanxin Ma
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhi Dang
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chunhua Feng
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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18
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Muzenda C, Nkwachukwu OV, Arotiba OA. Synthetic Ilmenite (FeTiO 3) Nanoparticles as a Heterogeneous Electro-Fenton Catalyst for the Degradation of Tetracycline in Wastewater. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Muzenda
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Oluchi V. Nkwachukwu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Omotayo A. Arotiba
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
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19
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Sun W, Yu N, Chen J, Gu Z, Wei J, Yao Y. Heterogeneous Ti/PbO 2-electro-Fenton degradation of aromatic methane dyes using industrial pyrite waste slag as catalyst. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:50218-50236. [PMID: 35226267 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is imperative to search the eco-friendly and cost-effective technologies for degrading contaminants. Coupling the effect of Ti/PbO2 at the anode with heterogeneous electro-Fenton was an efficient method. Industrial pyrite waste slag characterized by a variety of methods had catalytic performance and stable performance to activate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into hydroxyl radical (∙OH). Meanwhile, the processing conditions, the malachite green wastewater concentration, the current density, the pH range, and the dosage of industrial pyrite waste slag were emphatically optimized. Herein, the total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency reached 97.70%, the mineralization current efficiency (MCE) was 0.392%, and the energy consumption (EC) was 1.942 kWh/m3 after 240 min. Heterogeneous Ti/PbO2-electro-Fenton using industrial pyrite waste slag as catalyst was an environmentally friendly technology and provided a recycling method with traditional wastes. Finally, catalytic mechanisms and possible pathways were represented according to the results of quantum chemistry calculations and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Sun
- Tianjin Vocational Institute, School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Tianjin, 300410, 8, People's Republic of China
- Hebei University Of Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin, 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Naichuan Yu
- Tianjin Vocational Institute, School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Tianjin, 300410, 8, People's Republic of China.
- Hebei University Of Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin, 300130, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Hebei University Of Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin, 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhensheng Gu
- Tianjin Vocational Institute, School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Tianjin, 300410, 8, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Wei
- Tianjin Vocational Institute, School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Tianjin, 300410, 8, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingwu Yao
- Hebei University Of Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin, 300130, People's Republic of China
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20
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Wang Y, Armutlulu A, Lin H, Wu M, Zhang W, Xie R, Lai B. Novel sodalite stabilized zero-valent iron for super stable and outstanding efficiency in activating persulfate for organic pollutants fast removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153893. [PMID: 35182635 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, novel porous sodalite (SOD) was synthesized through Reactive Oxidation Species (ROS) route from industrial waste lithium silicon fume (LSF) to stabilize nZVI (SOD@nZVI), and used as an outstanding persulfate (PS) activator for efficient organic degradation. Characterization results revealed nZVI evenly distributed on SOD via ion-exchange, and the fabricated SOD@nZVI exhibited high stability and superior reactivity over a wide pH range of 2-12 during oxidation reaction. The mechanism responsible for fast organic degradation in the SOD@nZVI+PS system was carefully investigated, and weak magnetic field (WMF) and friction were found to contribute to improved SOD@nZVI performance. The fast redox cycle of Fe2+/Fe3+ on SOD@nZVI can be stimulated by changing the mixing condition and altering the friction layer to harvest mechanical energy during the reaction, which can maximum persulfate activation to generate more reactive radicals for organic fast degradation. This study is of great significance, as it offers a practical route turning waste into excellent PS activator for in-situ organic pollution remediation, as well as proposing a new idea to maximum PS activation performance by manipulating the inner lining of reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Andac Armutlulu
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 27, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hui Lin
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, PR China
| | - Maolin Wu
- Public Engineering Department of PetroChina Sichuan Petrochemical Co., Ltd, Chengdu 611930, PR China
| | - Weijuan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Ruzhen Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
| | - Bo Lai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
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21
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Muzenda C, Arotiba OA. Improved Magnetite Nanoparticle Immobilization on a Carbon Felt Cathode in the Heterogeneous Electro-Fenton Degradation of Aspirin in Wastewater. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:19261-19269. [PMID: 35721921 PMCID: PMC9202057 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Toward the improvement of the application of heterogeneous electro-Fenton in water treatment, we report a new strategy of enhancing the immobilization of a magnetite nanoparticle catalyst on a carbon felt cathode. Exploiting the intrinsic ferrimagnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles, magnet bars were used to attach the magnetite into the void spaces of the porous carbon felt (CF) cathode. The magnetite nanoparticles were prepared by coprecipitation with variations in the molar ratios of Fe2+/Fe3+. The magnetite was characterized, attached onto the CF electrode with magnetic bars, and used in the heterogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) degradation of aspirin. The effects of the following on the degradation were studied: Fe2+/Fe3+, pH, catalyst loading concentration, and voltage. The heterogeneous EF degradation of aspirin in wastewater improved by 23% when magnetic bars were used to enhance the immobilization of the magnetite catalysts. The 1:4 Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio resulted in the highest hetero-EF catalytic degradation of aspirin with complete degradation (100%) achieved after 140 min. For a mixture of pharmaceuticals, degradation percentages of 94.3% (aspirin), 88% (ciprofloxacin), and 80% (paracetamol) in 3 h were obtained. The magnetized magnetite on the cathode was reusable for 10 cycles. Thus, the use of magnets shows a promising strategy to avoid the leaching of ferrimagnetic nanoparticle catalysts embedded in the cathode for heterogeneous EF processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Muzenda
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Omotayo A. Arotiba
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
- Centre
for Nanomaterials Science Research, University
of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
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22
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Zhang C, Dionysiou DD, Li F, Zhang H, Fang X, Fu H, He J, Chen L, Ying GG, Huang M. Designing NAZO@BC electrodes for enhanced elimination of hydrophilic organic pollutants in heterogeneous electro-Fenton system: Insights into the detoxification mediated by 1O 2 and •OH. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 431:128598. [PMID: 35278962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophilic organic pollutants (HLOPs) in effluents of wastewater treatment plants are more prevalent than hydrophobic counterparts, therefore development of upstream processes that can effectively enhance the removal of HLOPs can substantially enhance overall treatment performance. To bridge this gap, 3D electrodes made of biochar-supported Al-ZnO nanoparticles (NAZO@BC) applied in heterogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) system, abbreviated as NBE-EF system, is rationally designed for enhanced elimination of HLOPs in wastewater. Our analysis indicates the NBE-EF system results in an efficient THM elimination, 42.4 times greater than that of conventional EF system. MoS2 as an efficient cocatalyst plays an important role in the conversion from Fe(III) to Fe(II). Singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) are identified as the primary reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the NBE-EF system. NAZO@BC electrodes could concentrate HLOPs on their surface and degrade it effectively, achieving also a self-cleaning effect. Effective elimination of four HLOPs, i.e., thiamethoxam (THM), dinotefuran (DIN), nitenpyram (NIT), and acetamiprid (ACE), demonstrated the high degradation performance of the NBE-EF system, even at neutral and alkaline conditions. This study provides a new approach for enhanced elimination of HLOPs in wastewater treatment and mechanical insights into degradation pathways and toxicity attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering & Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (ChEE), University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA
| | - Feng Li
- School of Civil Engineering & Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Huike Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Co, Ltd, Qingyuan 511517, PR China
| | - Xiaozhou Fang
- School of Civil Engineering & Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Hengyi Fu
- School of Civil Engineering & Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Junyi He
- School of Civil Engineering & Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Mingzhi Huang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, PR China; SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Co, Ltd, Qingyuan 511517, PR China.
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23
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The Cross-Talk between Polyphenols and the Target Enzymes Related to Oxidative Stress-Induced Thyroid Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2724324. [PMID: 35571253 PMCID: PMC9098327 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2724324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The most serious hallmark step of carcinogenesis is oxidative stress, which induces cell DNA damage. Although in normal conditions ROS are important second messengers, in pathological conditions such as cancer, due to imbalanced redox enzyme expression, oxidative stress can occur. Recent studies with firmly established evidence suggest an interdependence between oxidative stress and thyroid cancer based on thyroid hormone synthesis. Indeed, a reduced antioxidant defense system might play a part in several steps of progression in thyroid cancer. Based on studies that have been conducted previously, future drug designs for targeting enzymatic ROS sources, as a single agent or in combination, have to be tested. Polyphenols represent the potential for modulating biological events in thyroid cancer, including antioxidative activity. Targeting enzymatic ROS sources, without affecting the physiological redox state, might be an important purpose. As regards the underlying chemopreventive mechanisms of natural compounds that have been discussed in other cancer models, the confirmation of the influence of polyphenols on thyroid cancer is inconclusive and rarely available. Therefore, there is a need for further scientific investigations into the features of the antioxidative effects of polyphenols on thyroid cancer. The current review illustrates the association between some polyphenols and the key enzymes that take place in oxidation reactions in developing thyroid cancer cells. This review gives the main points of the enzymatic ROS sources act and redox signaling in normal physiological or pathological contexts and supplies a survey of the currently available modulators of TPO, LOX, NOX, DUOX, Nrf2, and LPO derived from polyphenols.
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Taheri E, Fatehizadeh A, Lima EC, Rezakazemi M. High surface area acid-treated biochar from pomegranate husk for 2,4-dichlorophenol adsorption from aqueous solution. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133850. [PMID: 35122823 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, zinc chloride (ZnCl2) followed by acid treating was employed for the fabrication of activated biochar from pomegranate husk (APHBC) for 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) adsorption from an aqueous solution. The batch adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of solution pH, APHBC dose, initial 2,4-DCP concentration, contact time, and ionic strength. The APHBC showed a well-developed pore with specific surface areas of 1576 m2/g due to explosive characteristics of ZnCl2. In addition, the XRD analysis showed that the diffraction peaks between 15 and 35° corresponded to amorphous carbon. The pore size distribution results showed that APHBC was dominantly mesoporous materials. The pHpzc value of APHBC was 6.15 ± 0.15. According to batch experiments, the optimum adsorption conditions were pH of 3.0, contact time 60 min, APHBC dose of 1.75 g/L and without ionic strengths. The absorption capacity of 2,4-DCP at the initial concentration of 150.0 mg/L promptly decreased from 259.5 ± 12.9 to 74.5 ± 3.7 mg/g as the APHBC dose increased from 0.50 to 2.00 g/L. The isotherm and kinetics study of 2,4-DCP adsorption by APHBC revealed that Liu and Avrami fractional-order well fitted with experimental data, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensiyeh Taheri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Fatehizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Eder C Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Mashallah Rezakazemi
- Faculty of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran.
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25
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Wang Z, Ren D, Shang S, Zhang S, Zhang X, Chen W. Novel synthesis of Cu-HAP/SiO2@carbon nanocomposites as heterogeneous catalysts for Fenton-like oxidation of 2,4-DCP. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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26
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Influences of CeO2 morphology on enhanced performance of electro-Fenton for wastewater treatment. J RARE EARTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Fathy MA, Kamel AH, Hassan SSM. Novel magnetic nickel ferrite nanoparticles modified with poly(aniline- co-o-toluidine) for the removal of hazardous 2,4-dichlorophenol pollutant from aqueous solutions. RSC Adv 2022; 12:7433-7445. [PMID: 35424706 PMCID: PMC8982154 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00034b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorinated organic and phenolic compounds are still purely studied by many researchers because of their severe damage to the aquatic environment and their carcinogenic effect on many living organisms. Therefore, there is a great interest in removing these environmental pollutants from aqueous mediums by easy and inexpensive methods. Herein, novel nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nano composite modified with poly(aniline-co-o-toluidine) (PAOT) is prepared, characterized, and used for the removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) as an organic chlorinated environmental pollutant. The morphological properties of the composite are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) methods. The prepared composite is tested for the removal of the hazardous dichlorophenol pollutant from aqueous solutions. Under optimized conditions and with effective control of parameters including, contact time, pH of the test solution, adsorbent dose, and temperature, over 83% of the pollutant is adsorbed and removed. The adsorption capacity is 162 mg g-1. Adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherm and some physicochemical parameters of the reaction are evaluated. The Redlich-Peterson isothermal model is the appropriate model for describing the adsorption process. These results indicate that NiFe2O4/PAOT nanocomposites are promising adsorbents for the removal of persistent organic pollutants (e.g., DCP) from aqueous solutions. The results also reveal that modification of NiFe2O4 particles with poly(aniline-co-o-toluidine) (PAOT) significantly enhances the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent. This is probably due to the electrostatic attraction and non-covalent interactions (e.g. π-π) between the aromatic rings in both dichlorophenol and poly(aniline-co-o-toluidine) copolymer. Advantages offered by using NiFe2O4/PAOT nanocomposites are the high stability, reasonable efficiency, reusability for at least five adsorption-desorption cycles and the ability to remove the adsorbent from aqueous solutions for reuse using an external magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayman H Kamel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Cairo 11566 Egypt
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Bahrain Sakhir 32038 Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Saad S M Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Cairo 11566 Egypt
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28
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Ren D, Huang Y, Li S, Wang Z, Zhang S, Zhang X, Gong X. Removal mechanism of persistent organic pollutants by Fe-C micro-electrolysis. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:1050-1067. [PMID: 32838686 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1814426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the simulated wastewaters was investigated by Fe-C micro-electrolysis system. With phenanthrene (PHE) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) as target pollutants, different iron-carbon (Fe-C) micro-electrolysis systems have been established. The effects of initial pH, Fe/C mass ratio, and intake air flow on the degradation and mineralization of PHE and 2,4-DCP were studied. At the initial pH of 5.0, Fe/C of 1.5:1, and an aeration flow rate of 1.5 L/min, after 120 min of reaction, the removal efficiency of FHE and COD was 94.3% and 73%, respectively. Under the conditions of initial pH is 3.0, Fe/C is 1:2, aeration flow rate of 1.5 L/min, and reaction time of 90 min, the best removal efficiency of 2,4-DCP can be obtained in the Fe-C micro-electrolysis system as 97% and COD removal efficiency can reach 76%. The results of kinetic studies show that the Fe-C micro-electrolysis process of PHE and 2,4-DCP follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. Commercial activated carbon (AC) was used for comparison under the same condition. The results indicated that the removal rate of organic pollutants and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of Fe-C micro-electrolysis were superior to that of AC. Analyze the structure of iron after reaction by SEM and XRD. The degradation pathway and mechanism for PHE and 2,4-DCP were proposed based on LC-MS analyses of treated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajun Ren
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongwei Huang
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Li
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaobo Wang
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyi Gong
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Electrocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol by a 3DG-PbO2 powdered anode: Experimental and theoretical insights. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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30
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Recent advances and trends of heterogeneous electro-Fenton process for wastewater treatment-review. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Selihin NM, Tay MG. A review on future wastewater treatment technologies: micro-nanobubbles, hybrid electro-Fenton processes, photocatalytic fuel cells, and microbial fuel cells. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:319-341. [PMID: 35050886 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The future prospect in wastewater treatment technologies mostly emphasizes processing efficiency and the economic benefits. Undeniably, the use of advanced oxidation processes in physical and chemical treatments has played a vital role in helping the technologies to remove the organic pollutants efficiently and reduce the energy consumption or even harvesting the electrons movements in the oxidation process to produce electrical energy. In the present paper, we review several types of wastewater treatment technologies, namely micro-nanobubbles, hybrid electro-Fenton processes, photocatalytic fuel cells, and microbial fuel cells. The aims are to explore the interaction of hydroxyl radicals with pollutants using these wastewater technologies, including their removal efficiencies, optimal conditions, reactor setup, and energy generation. Despite these technologies recording high removal efficiency of organic pollutants, the selection of the technologies is dependent on the characteristics of the wastewater and the daily production volume. Hence the review paper also provides comparisons between technologies as the guidance in technology selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurhafizah Mohd Selihin
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Meng Guan Tay
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia E-mail:
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32
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Xu H, Guo H, Chai C, Li N, Lin X, Xu W. Anodized graphite felt as an efficient cathode for in-situ hydrogen peroxide production and Electro-Fenton degradation of rhodamine B. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131936. [PMID: 34426276 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated that the graphite felt anodized by NaOH, NH4HCO3, or H2SO4 aqueous, and then as the cathode materials for in-situ hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and its employed for rhodamine B (RhB) degradation via Electro-Fenton (EF) process. At -0.60 V (vs. SCE), after 120 min electrolysis, the H2O2 yield by graphite felt which anodized by 0.2 M H2SO4 achieved up 110.5 mg L-1 in 0.05 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. Compared with the raw graphite felt used for cathode, the H2O2 yield increased by 15.85 times under the same conditions. The results of Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that graphite felt anodized by H2SO4 solution can be achieved the highest defect degree. For the degradation of RhB, the cathode which anodized by H2SO4 solution has the highest removal rate. For the degradation rate of RhB, the effect of applied current density, Fe2+ ions concentration, pH value were investigated. In addition, suggested that the efficient Fe3+ reduction reaction on the cathode surface was an important reason of the high efficiency of RhB degradation. 5-times continuous runs indicated that the modified cathode has remarkable stability and reusability during the EF process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Hongkai Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Changsheng Chai
- School of Bailie Mechanical Engineering, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Na Li
- Gansu HaoShi Carbon Fiber Co., LTD, Baiying, 730900, Gansu, China
| | - Xueyong Lin
- Gansu HaoShi Carbon Fiber Co., LTD, Baiying, 730900, Gansu, China
| | - Weijun Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China.
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33
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Multiprocess catalyzed Cu-EDTA decomplexation by non-thermal plasma coupled with Fe/C microelectrolysis: Reaction process and mechanisms. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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34
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Dung NT, Duong LT, Hoa NT, Thao VD, Ngan LV, Huy NN. A comprehensive study on the heterogeneous electro-Fenton degradation of tartrazine in water using CoFe 2O 4/carbon felt cathode. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132141. [PMID: 34521013 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, cobalt ferrite coated carbon felt (CoFe2O4/CF) was synthesized by solvothermal method and applied as cathode for electro-Fenton (EF) treatment of tartrazine (TTZ) in water. The materials were characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, CV, and EIS to explore their physical, chemical, and electrical properties. The effects of solvothermal temperature and metal content on the TTZ removal were examined, showing that 220 °C with 2 mM of Co and 4 mM of Fe precursors were the best synthesis condition. Various influencing factors such as applied current density, pH, TTZ concentration, and electrolytes were investigated, and the optimal condition was found at 8.33 mA cm-2, pH 3, 50 mgTTZ L-1, and 50 mM of Na2SO4, respectively. By radical quenching test, , 1O2, and HO were recognized as the key reactive oxygen species and the reaction mechanism was proposed for the EF decolorization of TTZ using CoFe2O4/CF cathode. The reusability and stability test showed that the highly efficient CoFe2O4/CF cathode is very promising for practical application in wastewater treatment, especially for dyes and other recalcitrant organic compounds to improve its biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Trung Dung
- Faculty of Physical and Chemical Engineering, Le Quy Don Technical University, 236 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Le Thuy Duong
- Faculty of Physical and Chemical Engineering, Le Quy Don Technical University, 236 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hoa
- Faculty of Physical and Chemical Engineering, Le Quy Don Technical University, 236 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Vu Dinh Thao
- Faculty of Physical and Chemical Engineering, Le Quy Don Technical University, 236 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Le Viet Ngan
- National Institute for Food Control, 65 Pham Than Duat Street, Mai Dich Ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Nhat Huy
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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35
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Wang F, Gu Z, Hu Y, Li Q. Split dosing of H2O2 for enhancing recalcitrant organics removal from landfill leachate in the Fe0/H2O2 process: Degradation efficiency and mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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36
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Electrochemical catalytic mechanism of N-doped electrode for in-situ generation of OH in metal-free EAOPs to degrade organic pollutants. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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37
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Su P, Fu W, Du X, Song G, Tang Y, Zhou M. Nanoscale confinement in carbon nanotubes encapsulated zero-valent iron for phenolics degradation by heterogeneous Fenton: Spatial effect and structure–activity relationship. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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38
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Li X, Li X, Feng Y, Wang X, Suo N, Yang S, Long Y, Zhang S. Production of an electro-biological particle electrode (EBPE) from lithium slag and its removal performance to salicylic acid in a three-dimensional electrocatalytic biological coupling reactor (3D-EBCR). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 282:131020. [PMID: 34118629 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electro-biological particle electrode (EBPE) prepared by lithium slag was used to remove salicylic acid in a three-dimensional electrocatalytic biological coupling reactor (3D-EBCR). The physical and chemical properties of the EBPE, the removal performance of salicylic acid and the degradation mechanism were studied. Results revealed as follows: (1) the EBPE prepared by lithium slag contained effective catalytic components including Fe2O3, SnO2, ZnO, MnO, Rb2O and TiO2, with stable structure and good adsorption performance; (2) the 3D-EBCR with EBPE had strong adaptability to the current intensity in the range of 0.25-0.40 A, and the removal rates of COD and salicylic acid were maintained above 87.1% and 85.2% respectively; (3) salicylic acid was removed through the synergistic action of adsorption, electrochemical oxidation and biological action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Xing Li
- Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd., Shandong Academy of Environmental Science, Jinan, 250001, China
| | - Yan Feng
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Xinwei Wang
- China Urban Construction Design & Research Institute Co. Ltd (Shan Dong), Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Ning Suo
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Shumin Yang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Yingying Long
- Weifang Architectural Design Institute, Weifang, 261031, China
| | - Shoubin Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
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39
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Pandey AK, Reji Kumar R, B K, Laghari IA, Samykano M, Kothari R, Abusorrah AM, Sharma K, Tyagi VV. Utilization of solar energy for wastewater treatment: Challenges and progressive research trends. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113300. [PMID: 34293672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This article offers a trend of inventions and implementations of photocatalysis process, desalination technologies and solar disinfection techniques adapted particularly for treatment of industrial and domestic wastewater. Photocatalysis treatment of wastewater using solar energy is a promising renewable solution to reduce stresses on global water crisis. Rendering to the United Nation Environment Programme, 1/3 of world population live in water-stressed countries, while by 2025 about 2/3 of world population will face water scarcity. Major pollutants exhibited from numerous sources are critically discussed with focus on potential environmental impacts & hazards. Treatment of wastewater by photocatalysis technique, solar thermal electrochemical process, solar desalination of brackish water and solar advanced oxidation process have been presented and systematically analysed with challenges. Both heterogenous and homogenous photocatalysis techniques employed for wastewater treatment are critically reviewed. For treating domestic wastewater, solar desalination technologies adopted for purifying brackish water into potable water is presented along with key challenges and remedies. Advanced oxidation process using solar energy for degradation of organic pollutant is an important technique to be reviewed due to their effectiveness in wastewater treatment process. Present article focused on three key issues i.e. major pollutants, wastewater treatment techniques and environmental benefits of using solar power for removal of pollutants. The review also provides close ideas on further research needs and major concerns. Drawbacks associated with conventional wastewater treatment options and direct solar energy-based wastewater treatment with energy storage systems to make it convenient during day and night both listed. Although, energy storage systems increase the overall cost of the wastewater treatment plant it also increases the overall efficiency of the system on environmental cost. Cost-efficient wastewater treatment methods using solar power would significantly ensure effective water source utilization, thereby contributing towards sustainable development goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Pandey
- Research Centre for Nano-Materials and Energy Technology (RCNMET), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - R Reji Kumar
- College of Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Kalidasan B
- Research Centre for Nano-Materials and Energy Technology (RCNMET), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode, 638401, India
| | - Imtiaz Ali Laghari
- College of Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - M Samykano
- College of Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Richa Kothari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani, Bagla, Samba, Jammu and Kashmir, 181143, India
| | - Abdullah M Abusorrah
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamal Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
| | - V V Tyagi
- Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; School of Energy Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, 182320, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Zhang C, Li F, Zhang H, Wen R, Yi X, Yang Y, He J, Ying GG, Huang M. Crucial roles of 3D-MoO 2-PBC cocatalytic electrodes in the enhanced degradation of imidacloprid in heterogeneous electro-Fenton system: Degradation mechanisms and toxicity attenuation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126556. [PMID: 34280723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid (IMI), as the most-consumed pesticide, has posed a severe threat to the water ecosystem due to its recalcitrance and inefficient elimination in the traditional wastewater treatment. Herein, a heterogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) system coupled with 3D-MoO2-porous biochar (PBC) cocatalytic electrodes, abbreviated as 3D-MPE-EF, is initially applied to promote the elimination of IMI in the agrochemical wastewater from pesticide production. The elimination rate of IMI by 3D-MPE-EF system is 18.15 times higher than that by traditional EF system at pH 7.0. The utilization of 3D-MoO2-PBC electrodes sufficiently compensates for inherent deficiencies of traditional EF system. The circular utilization of Fe is also addressed by 3D-MoO2-PBC cocatalytic electrodes to reduce the consumption of Fe2+ and the deposition of iron mud. Through comparison, MoO2 is considered the most appropriate cocatalyst in terms of the reutilization of Fe and degradation of IMI. Eight mechanisms are identified in the degradation pathways of IMI by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The ecotoxicities of IMI are remarkably attenuated in the 3D-MPE-EF system. This study provides insights into the roles of 3D-MoO2-PBC cocatalytic electrodes in the enhanced elimination of IMI in heterogeneous EF system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering & Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Civil Engineering & Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Huike Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Rubing Wen
- School of Civil Engineering & Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Yi
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yujie Yang
- School of Civil Engineering & Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Junyi He
- School of Civil Engineering & Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Mingzhi Huang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, PR China.
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41
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Cruz DRS, de Jesus GK, Santos CA, Silva WR, Wisniewski A, Cunha GC, Romão LPC. Magnetic nanostructured material as heterogeneous catalyst for degradation of AB210 dye in tannery wastewater by electro-Fenton process. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130675. [PMID: 33971413 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of the Acid Black 210 dye (AB210) in synthetic and industrial effluent samples was performed, for the first time, using a heterogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) process with a CoFe2O4/NOM magnetic hybrid catalyst (Hb200). The technique was compared with electrochemical oxidation using electrogenerated hydrogen peroxide (AO-H2O2). The catalyst was synthesized by the sol-gel technique, using water with a high content of natural organic matter (NOM) as an eco-friendly solvent. Analyses using XRD, FTIR, and TEM showed the formation of hybrid nanostructures with average size of 4.85 nm. Electrochemical assays were performed with a GDE/BDD electrode pair, electrogenerated H2O2, and current density of 45.4 mA cm-2. For the synthetic solution of AB210 at pH 3, the EF process presented higher efficiency, compared to AO-H2O2, with the optimum condition achieved using a lower mass of the catalyst (30 mg) and a higher concentration of the dye (55 mg L-1). The EF method also showed superior performance in the treatment of an industrial effluent with high organic load, at pH 6, with almost complete mineralization of AB210 (95%) in 7 h, while the AO-H2O2 process achieved 82% mineralization. The Hb200 hybrid maintained excellent catalytic activity during reuse in 3 cycles, with only 10% lower mineralization efficiency in the last cycle. GC-MS analysis showed that most of the contaminants in the effluent, including bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, one of the most toxic, were eliminated or transformed after the EF treatment with Hb200.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane R S Cruz
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
| | - Gleyce K de Jesus
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Clecia A Santos
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Wenes R Silva
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Alberto Wisniewski
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Graziele C Cunha
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Luciane P C Romão
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, UNESP, National Institute of Alternative Technologies for Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactive Materials (INCT-DATREM), P.O. Box 355, 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Huang A, Zhi D, Zhou Y. A novel modified Fe-Mn binary oxide graphite felt (FMBO-GF) cathode in a neutral electro-Fenton system for ciprofloxacin degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117310. [PMID: 34052647 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A graphite felt (GF) cathode was firstly modified by Fe-Mn binary oxide (FMBO), active carbon (AC), carbon black (CB), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which exhibits satisfactory ciprofloxacin (CIP) removal efficiency at neutral pH value in electro-Fenton (EF) system. Morphological data showed that modified cathodes have larger surface area and volume pore as well as more active sites. And electrochemical properties have proved stronger current response after modification. In compassion to the unmodified GF, the FMBO/AC/CB modified GF (FMBO-GF) has wider pH range and higher CIP removal efficiency due to its unique nanoparticles structure. The CIP removal efficiency achieved 95.40% in 30 min, and the removal efficiency of total organic carbon (TOC) achieved 93.77% in 2 h when conditions were optimal (25 mg/L initial CIP concentration, 2 mA/cm2 current density, FMBO/AC: CB: PTFE of 1:1:5, and 7 initial pH value) in this study. The results of great degradation and mineralization of CIP in this study indicate that the FMBO-GF cathode has huge potential on antibiotics removals in neutral environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Huang
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Dan Zhi
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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43
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Ye J, Wang Y, Li Z, Yang D, Li C, Yan Y, Dai J. 2D confinement freestanding graphene oxide composite membranes with enriched oxygen vacancies for enhanced organic contaminants removal via peroxymonosulfate activation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:126028. [PMID: 33992017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Introducing membrane filtration into advanced oxidation processes to decrease energy and cost consumption has been considered as a promising direction in environmental remediation. In this work, we firstly developed a kind of novel lawn-like Fe2O3@Co0.08Fe1.92@nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide@carbon nanotube composites (FeCo@GCTs) through in-situ pyrolysis of self-assembly of Prussian blue analogues and GO, followed through a vacuum-assisted filtration strategy to fabricate 2D confinement freestanding GO composite membrane. Electrochemical analysis and H2-TPR revealed the superiority of FeCo@GCTs as ideal electron acceptor, and this unique lawn-like structure concentrated active sites with a confined space and enriched oxygen vacancies that realized 98.5% (0.128 min-1) sulfamethoxazole degradation via peroxymonosulfate activation, and accelerated the reduction of Cr(VI). Owing to the increasing interlayer spacing of GO nanosheets, the permeation flux of FeCo@GCTs/GO membrane has not only been attained to 487.3 L·m-2·h-1·bar-1, which was more than 7.5-fold of GO membrane (64.6 L·m-2·h-1·bar-1), but also achieved the synergistic membrane filtration and catalytic degradation of pollutants. Furthermore, scavenger experiments and EPR tests were conducted to confirm the active radicals, of which SO4·- and 1O2 were responsible for SMX degradation. Therefore, these features demonstrated great potential for the fabricated 2D confinement catalytic membrane with enriched oxygen vacancies in wastewater purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ye
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Advanced Chemical Engineering Laboratory of Green Materials and Energy of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Zhanguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
| | - Dayi Yang
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Advanced Chemical Engineering Laboratory of Green Materials and Energy of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Advanced Chemical Engineering Laboratory of Green Materials and Energy of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Yongsheng Yan
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Advanced Chemical Engineering Laboratory of Green Materials and Energy of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiangdong Dai
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Advanced Chemical Engineering Laboratory of Green Materials and Energy of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Zeng L, Chen Q, Tan Y, Lan P, Zhou D, Wu M, Liang N, Pan B, Xing B. Dual roles of biochar redox property in mediating 2,4-dichlorophenol degradation in the presence of Fe 3+ and persulfate. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130456. [PMID: 33878701 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggested that biochars could mediate the degradation of organic contaminants. The role of biochars in mediating organic contaminant degradation could be amplified in a Fenton-like reaction, and comparing biochars with varied properties may provide insightful information to understand the reaction mechanisms. In this study, biochar was applied in a Fenton-like reaction system with Fe3+ and persulfate (PS) to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenel (2,4-DCP). Biochars with different intensities of persistent free radicals (PFRs), oxygen-containing functional groups (OFGs), and redox properties were investigated regarding their roles in 2,4-DCP removal. Compared to biochar system, PS addition increased 2,4-DCP degradation and Fe3+ addition increased its sorption. The combination of PS and Fe3+ promoted 2,4-DCP degradation over 2 times higher. Various reactive oxygen species (ROS), including SO4•-, HO•, and O2•-, were involved in 2,4-DCP degradation, contributing to around 50% of the overall 2,4-DCP degradation. The direct electron transfer between biochar particles and 2,4-DCP contributed to the rest of 2,4-DCP degradation. A significant positive correlation was observed between 2,4-DCP degradation and electron donating capacity (EDC) or Fe2+. We thus concluded that EDC-involved structures in biochars could either directly donate electron to 2,4-DCP, or reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+, which activated PS to generate ROS. This dual roles of biochar should be well considered in biochar application and production. This study provided a useful theoretical basis for manipulating biochar redox properties to enhance their application potential in pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zeng
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Quan Chen
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yixi Tan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Pinyao Lan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Min Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Ni Liang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Bo Pan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
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Xu L, Ali A, Su J, Huang T, Wang Z, Yang Y. Denitrification potential of sodium alginate gel beads immobilized iron-carbon, Zoogloea sp. L2, and riboflavin: Performance optimization and mechanism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 336:125326. [PMID: 34052544 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A kind of gel beads loaded with iron-carbon powder (Fe-C), Zoogloea sp. L2, and riboflavin (VB2) were prepared through cross-linking of sodium alginate (SA) to establish an immobilized bioreactor. The optimal ratio of SA beads was adjusted by orthogonal experiment. The change of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and the concentration of Fe2+ and Fe3+ showed that the addition of VB2 as a redox mediator can promote denitrification. Under the optimal conditions (carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio = 2.0, pH = 7.0, and hydraulic retention time (HRT) = 8 h), the nitrate removal efficiency (NRE) of bioreactor reached 98.48% (1.99 mg L-1h-1). Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and gas chromatography (GC) analysis revealed that the immobilization and denitrification of the immobilized bioreactor were excellent. High throughput sequencing also showed that Zoogloea played a vital role in nitrate removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Amjad Ali
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Junfeng Su
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Tingling Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yuzhu Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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Li X, Jia Y, Qin Y, Zhou M, Sun J. Iron-carbon microelectrolysis for wastewater remediation: Preparation, performance and interaction mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 278:130483. [PMID: 34126692 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization and urbanization have produced a lot of hazardous substances in water and wastewater, which has turned into a crucial issue to the environment and the public health. Recently, iron carbon microelectrolysis (IC-ME) has attracted extensive attention in environmental remediation due to its low costs and excellent performance. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of a more systematic review on IC-ME preparation methods, their performance, and the interaction mechanisms of IC-ME in the remediation of wastewater. Herein, this work summarizes the synthetic methods, application of IC-ME materials, and the mechanism of pollutant removal by IC-ME. A variety approaches have been applied to prepare IC-ME materials, and the preparation methods and conditions have a certain influence on the properties of IC-ME materials, thus affecting the performance of pollutant removal. The mechanisms of IC-ME for contaminants removal are very complex, including adsorption, coprecipitation, reduction, surface complexation, and oxidation. Moreover, research vacant fields and problems that existed in the application of IC-ME are proposed. At last, the problems to be addressed to adapt IC to future applications are introduced. This paper reviews and prospects IC-ME wastewater remediation technology, which provides a reference for further scientific research and engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
| | - Yan Jia
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yang Qin
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Minghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environ. Technol. for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Tianjin Advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Jianhui Sun
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
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Bury NA, Mumford KA, Stevens GW. The electro-Fenton regeneration of Granular Activated Carbons: Degradation of organic contaminants and the relationship to the carbon surface. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125792. [PMID: 33878650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical regeneration of Granular Activated Carbon is an emerging treatment option to restore adsorption capacity in systems designed to remove organic contaminants from aqueous solutions. The electro-Fenton process is one such electrochemical process and it is reviewed along with other members of its family including Photoelectro-Fenton and Heterogeneous electro-Fenton and electro-Fenton like reactions, for its ability to regenerate Granular Activated Carbons contaminated with organics. The behaviour of critical operating parameter such as pH, current, catalyst concentration and initial contaminant concentration are reviewed to find optimal operating conditions. The relationship between electro-Fenton regeneration and the chemical and physical surface of the carbon is also explored. Understanding regeneration mechanisms and the optimal operating conditions enables these technologies to be used commercially and to be scaled-up and treat contaminated waters more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi A Bury
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Kathryn A Mumford
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Geoffrey W Stevens
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Novel Fe0-C/S(IV) system: Toward the interaction between Fe0-C internal electrolysis and sulfite for p-nitrophenol degradation. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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49
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Zhang Y, Li G, Hu Y. Fabrication of bimetallic nanoparticles modified hollow nanoporous carbons derived from covalent organic framework for efficient degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Liu J, An F, Li M, Yang L, Wan J, Zhang S. Efficient Degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol on Activation of Peroxymonosulfate Mediated by MnO 2. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:255-262. [PMID: 33554277 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate radical based-advanced oxidation process has received increasing interest in the remediation of wastewater and contaminated soil. In this study, degradation of 2, 4-dichlorophenol (2, 4-DCP) was investigated over peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation by MnO2, which was prepared by liquid-phase oxidation method. The prepared MnO2 was characterized by transition electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Characterization results showed that α-MnO2 exhibited the highest surface area and Mn (III) content. The PMS activation by MnO2 in 2, 4-DCP degradation followed the order of α-MnO2 > γ-MnO2 > β-MnO2, which is dependent on the properties of MnO2 including crystal structure, surface area and Mn (III) content. Influences of initial concentration of 2, 4-DCP, PMS and MnO2 dosage, pH and co-existing inorganic ions on the degradation were examined. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and quenching experiments with ethanol and tert-butanol suggested that sulfate radicals were the dominant radicals in the process. Findings in this study indicated that α-MnO2 was an attractive catalyst for activation of PMS to degrade 2, 4-DCP in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingliang Liu
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing XiaoZhuang University, Nanjing, 211171, China
| | - Fengxia An
- State Power Environmental Protection Research Institute Co. Ltd., Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Mei Li
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Jinzhong Wan
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Shengtian Zhang
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China.
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