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Singh SK, Pandey A, Maiti A. Optimized preparation route for polyamide top-coated forward osmosis membrane for enhanced water flux using industrial wastewater as feed. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:39454-39480. [PMID: 38822176 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The forward osmosis (FO) process has recently gained significant interest in treating wastewater, brackish/seawater and concentrating feedstocks for various operations, including desalination. The study investigates the effect of different synthesis conditions of the polyamide-based thin-film composite (TFC) FO membranes on the membranes' final performance. Taguchi statistical analyses were used to fabricate and optimize the polyamide TFC FO membrane. The process parameters as factors were the amount of polyethersulfone (PES), polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), m-phenylenediamine (MPD), and trimesoyl chloride (TMC), and TMC reaction-time (RT). The Taguchi method was adopted to investigate the optimal conditions and the significance of individual factors using an L16 (45) orthogonal array. Another Taguchi analysis (Taguchi 2) was adopted to investigate the influence of other important parameters like optimal conditions for MPD, TMC, and TMC reaction-time factors using an L9 (33) orthogonal array. Confirmation tests validated a maximum water flux of 46.4 ± 2.32 L/m2·h with a specific combination of control factors for membrane synthesis: PES/PEG/PVP/MPD/TMC/TMC RT-16/7/0.5/1/0.05/30. These tests demonstrated a high-water flux of 7.05 ± 0.35 L/m2·h when exposed to industrial wastewater (secondary effluent) as the feed solution (FS) and fertilizer as the draw solution (DS) in the FO process. The R2 values were more than 90%. The experimental validation confirmed the models' predictive ability with different FSs, including industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Singh
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, 247001
| | - Aaditya Pandey
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, 247001
| | - Abhijit Maiti
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, 247001.
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2
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Pan T, Wang KT, He JY, Zhang Y, Ni SG. Black odorous water concentrating by forward osmosis: rejection performance of characteristic pollutants based on cation exchange. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:4210-4218. [PMID: 35658802 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2086824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate pollutant concentration and nitrogen interception characteristics of a forward osmosis (FO) process for concentrating black odorous water. The membrane cell was operated in active layer facing feed solution (AL-FS) mode with aquaporin (AQP) as the membrane material and NaCl solution as the draw solution (DS). The organic pollutants (COD), TP, NH+4-N, NO-3-N, TN, Fe and Mn in black odorous water were concentrated non-intermittently for 24 h, and their interception characteristics were investigated. The results showed that the average interception rates of COD, TP, NO- 3-N, TN, Fe and Mn were 97.2%, 98.0%, 58.7%, 54.3%, 61.8% and 60.0%, respectively, while the average interception rate of NH+4-N was only 1.27%-3.47%. To explore the characteristics of nitrogen interception, a comparison was conducted between AQP membrane and thin film composite (TFC) membrane. Because the surface electronegativity of AQP membrane was stronger than that of TFC, the effect of cation exchange on ammonia nitrogen interception was more serious with AQP membrane. With NaCl solution as DS, the reverse osmosis flux of Na+ was (0.53 ± 0.02 mol·m-2·h-1), which was significantly higher than that of Cl- (0.29 ± 0.03 mol·m-2·h-1) (P < 0.05). The interception effect of AQP membrane on TN was related to the proportion of NH+4-N in TN. The pretreatment of black odorous water by aeration could transform part of NH+4-N into NO-3-N, and reduce the negative effect of cation exchange effect on nitrogen interception. The TN interception rate increased from 54.3% to 66.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Pan
- College of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Tong Wang
- College of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ying He
- College of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Centre for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shou-Gao Ni
- China Ship Scientific Research Centre, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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Wu X, Zhang X, Wang H, Xie Z. Smart utilisation of reverse solute diffusion in forward osmosis for water treatment: A mini review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162430. [PMID: 36842573 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) has been widely studied as a promising technology in wastewater treatment, but undesirable reverse solute diffusion (RSD) is inevitable in the FO process. The RSD is generally regarded as a negative factor for the FO process, resulting in the loss of draw solutes and reduced FO efficiency. Conventional strategies to address RSD focus on reducing the amount of reverse draw solutes by fabricating high selective FO membranes and/or selecting the draw solute with low diffusion. However, since RSD is inevitable, doubts have been raised about the strategies to cope with the already occurring reverse draw solutes in the feed solution, and the feasibility to positively utilise the RSD phenomenon to improve the FO process. Herein, we review the state-of-the-art applications of RSD and their benefits such as improving selectivity and maintaining the stability of the feed solution for both independent FO processes and FO integrated processes. We also provide an outlook and discuss important considerations, including membrane fouling, membrane development and draw/feed solution properties, in RSD utilisation for water and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wu
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Xiwang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Huanting Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Zongli Xie
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia.
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4
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Pei C, Chen S, Zhou M, Chen X, Sun B, Lan S, Hahn H, Feng T. Direct Urea/H 2O 2 Fuel Cell with a Hierarchical Porous Nanoglass Anode for High-Efficiency Energy Conversion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:24319-24328. [PMID: 37096959 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Direct urea/H2O2 fuel cells (DUFCs) constitute a sustainable bifunctional energy conversion technique devoted to simultaneously eliminating environmental wastewater with urea and generating clean energy. However, exploring an efficient anode material for DUFCs still remains a huge challenge. In this work, a Ni-P hierarchical porous nanoglass (HPNG) catalytic electrode was developed via a low-cost, industrially available electrodeposition technique, which exhibits one of the best performances reported so far in the urea oxidation reaction (UOR), with a potential of 1.330 V at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 and a Tafel slope of 9.77 mV dec-1. The superior UOR performance of the HPNG electrode is attributed to the excellent intrinsic catalytic activity of NG with a high-energy state and an extremely enlarged surface area from the unique 3D hierarchical porous structure. Furthermore, a DUFC system with the HPNG anode shows a performance breakthrough as indicated by the maximum power density of 38.15 mW cm-2 for 0.5 M urea, representing one of the best yet reported DUFCs. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of the scalable production of HPNG electrodes and is expected to be a great contribution to the development of the practical use of DUFCs in the near future for bifunctional energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Pei
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Shuangqin Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Mingjie Zhou
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xianhao Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Baoan Sun
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Si Lan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Horst Hahn
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany
| | - Tao Feng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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Ibraheem BM, Aani SA, Alsarayreh AA, Alsalhy QF, Salih IK. Forward Osmosis Membrane: Review of Fabrication, Modification, Challenges and Potential. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13040379. [PMID: 37103806 PMCID: PMC10142686 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) is a low-energy treatment process driven by osmosis to induce the separation of water from dissolved solutes/foulants through the membrane in hydraulic pressure absence while retaining all of these materials on the other side. All these advantages make it an alternative process to reduce the disadvantages of traditional desalination processes. However, several critical fundamentals still require more attention for understanding them, most notably the synthesis of novel membranes that offer a support layer with high flux and an active layer with high water permeability and solute rejection from both solutions at the same time, and a novel draw solution which provides low solute flux, high water flux, and easy regeneration. This work reviews the fundamentals controlling the FO process performance such as the role of the active layer and substrate and advances in the modification of FO membranes utilizing nanomaterials. Then, other aspects that affect the performance of FO are further summarized, including types of draw solutions and the role of operating conditions. Finally, challenges associated with the FO process, such as concentration polarization (CP), membrane fouling, and reverse solute diffusion (RSD) were analyzed by defining their causes and how to mitigate them. Moreover, factors affecting the energy consumption of the FO system were discussed and compared with reverse osmosis (RO). This review will provide in-depth details about FO technology, the issues it faces, and potential solutions to those issues to help the scientific researcher facilitate a full understanding of FO technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakr M. Ibraheem
- Membrane Technology Research Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Alsinaa Street 52, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
| | - Saif Al Aani
- The State Company of Energy Production—Middle Region, Ministry of Electricity, Baghdad 10013, Iraq
| | - Alanood A. Alsarayreh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Qusay F. Alsalhy
- Membrane Technology Research Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Alsinaa Street 52, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
| | - Issam K. Salih
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah 51001, Iraq
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Mendoza E, Magrí A, Blandin G, Bayo À, Vosse J, Buttiglieri G, Colprim J, Comas J. Second-Generation Magnesium Phosphates as Water Extractant Agents in Forward Osmosis and Subsequent Use in Hydroponics. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:226. [PMID: 36837730 PMCID: PMC9961049 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The recovery of nutrients from wastewater streams for their later use in agricultural fertilization is an interesting approach. Wastewater recovered magnesium phosphate (MgP) salts were used in a forward osmosis (FO) system as draw solution in order to extract water and to produce a nutrient solution to be used in a hydroponic system with lettuces (Lactuca sativa, L.). Owing to the low solubility of the MgP salts (i.e., struvite, hazenite and cattiite) in water, acid dissolution was successfully tested using citric and nitric acids to reach pH 3.0. The dilution by FO of the dissolved salts reached levels close to those needed by a hydroponic culture. Ion migration through the membrane was medium to high, and although it did not limit the dilution potential of the system, it might decrease the overall feasibility of the FO process. Functional growth of the lettuces in the hydroponic system was achieved with the three MgP salts using the recovered water as nutrient solution, once properly supplemented with nutrients with the desired concentrations. This is an innovative approach for promoting water reuse in hydroponics that benefits from the use of precipitated MgP salts as a nutrient source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Mendoza
- ICRA-CERCA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
- University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain
| | - Albert Magrí
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Gaëtan Blandin
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Àlex Bayo
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Josephine Vosse
- ICRA-CERCA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
- University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain
| | - Gianluigi Buttiglieri
- ICRA-CERCA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
- University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain
| | - Jesús Colprim
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Comas
- ICRA-CERCA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
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7
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Singh SK, Maiti A, Pandey A, Jain N, Sharma C. Fouling limitations of osmotic pressure‐driven processes and its remedial strategies: A review. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Singh
- Department of Paper Technology Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Saharanpur India
| | - Abhijit Maiti
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Saharanpur India
| | - Aaditya Pandey
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Saharanpur India
| | - Nishant Jain
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Saharanpur India
| | - Chhaya Sharma
- Department of Paper Technology Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Saharanpur India
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8
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Singh SK, Sharma C, Maiti A. Modeling and experimental validation of forward osmosis process: Parameters selection, permeate flux prediction, and process optimization. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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9
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Emadzadeh D, Atashgar A, Kruczek B. Novel Polyelectrolyte-Based Draw Solute That Overcomes the Trade-Off between Forward Osmosis Performance and Ease of Regeneration. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1270. [PMID: 36557177 PMCID: PMC9782068 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) is an emerging technology for seawater and brackish desalination, wastewater treatment, and other applications, such as food processing, power generation, and protein and pharmaceutical enrichment. However, choosing a draw solute (DS) that provides an appropriate driving force and, at the same time, is easy to recover, is challenging. In this study, water-soluble poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) was modified by a high-electrical-conductivity 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) monomer to fabricate a novel draw solute (mPSS). FO tests with the CTA membrane in the active layer facing the feed solution (AL-FS) orientation, using a 50 mS/cm aqueous solution of synthesized solute and distilled water as a feed solution exhibited a water flux of 4.2 L h-1 m-2 and a corresponding reverse solute flux of 0.19 g h-1 m-2. The FO tests with the same membrane, using a 50 mS/cm NaCl control draw solution, yielded a lower water flux of 3.6 L h-1 m-2 and a reverse solute flux of 4.13 g h-1 m-2, which was more than one order of magnitude greater. More importantly, the synthesized draw solute was easily regenerated using a commercial ultrafiltration membrane (PS35), which showed over 96% rejection.
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10
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Ferby M, Zou S, He Z. Effects of draw solutes on an integrated forward osmosis-Microbial fuel cell system treating a synthetic wastewater. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10802. [PMID: 36333995 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and forward osmosis (FO) are both attractive and versatile wastewater treatment technologies that possess disadvantageous qualities that prevent their optimal performance. This study aimed to investigate how draw solute selection for FO treatment would affect MFC performance in a coupled FO-MFC system. Two types of draw solutes, NH4 HCO3 and NaCl, were studied, and it was found that 1.0 M NH4 HCO3 (FO-MFC-A) and 0.68 M NaCl (FO-MFC-B) had similar water fluxes of 6.04 to 3.39 LMH and 6.25 to 3.54 LMH, respectively. The reverse salt flux from the draw decreased the feed solution resistance for both draw solutes, but the FO-MFC-A system (0.32 W m-2 ) had a higher maximum power density than the FO-MFC-B system (0.26 W m-2 ). The current density for the FO-MFC-B system increased due to continuous solution resistance decrease, whereas it remained constant for the FO-MFC-A. The difference in Coulombic efficiencies (32.8% vs. 25.6%) but similar Coulombic recoveries (10.2% vs. 11.4%) between the FO-MFC-A and FO-MFC-B systems suggested that the FO-MFC-A might have the inhibited microbial activity by high ammonium/ammonia. The FO-MFC-A system had the lower energy consumption for nutrient removal (2.01 kWh kg-1 NH4 + -N) and recovery (8.87 kWh kg-1 NH4 + -N). These results have shown that NH4 HCO3 as a draw solute can have advantages of higher power density, higher Coulombic efficiency, and recoverability for draw regeneration, but its potential inhibition on microbial activity must also be considered. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Forward osmosis can be connected to microbial fuel cells for wastewater treatment. Water recovery by forward osmosis can greatly reduce the wastewater volume to microbial fuel cells. Ammonium draw solutes can result in lower volumetric energy consumption. Ammonia inhabitation of anode microbes will decrease organic removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ferby
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shiqiang Zou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Al Bazedi G, Soliman N, Sewilam H. Novel organic draw solution in forward osmosis process for fertigation: performance evaluation and flux prediction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:68881-68891. [PMID: 35554813 PMCID: PMC9508070 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) has received a lot of attention for its potential for producing fertigated water for agriculture purposes. To minimize the use of chemical-based fertilizers and support sustainable organic agriculture, this work investigated the separation performance of FO membrane for different feed concentrations (FS) of brackish water using microalgae Spirulina platensis as an organic fertilizer draw solution (DS). Different feed solution concentrations were investigated ranging 3-20 g/L NaCl, with various draw solutions of spirulina ranging 280-440 g/L. The performance was measured by water flux and recovery. The results showed that using spirulina as a draw solution is a promising solution for fertigation purposes. The results showed that Na+ in feed solution is concentrated by 41%, Cl- by 36%, and spirulina is diluted by 20% for feed salinity 5000 mg/L. The highest flux obtained with different feed solution 3000/5000/10,000/20,000 mg/L were 9/6/4.5/7 for draw solution concentration of 360/360/400/420 g/L. The calculated specific reverse solute flux (SRSF) JS/JW varies from 0.1 and 0.8 for different explored FS/DS concentrations. Flux decline and the down-time was investigated for the highest flux observed, showing 290 min of operation before cleaning action is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Al Bazedi
- Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability (CARES), School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box: 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
- Chemical Engineering & Pilot Plant Department, Engineering Research Division, National Research Center, 33 El-Bohouth St, Dokki, 12311, Cairo Post Code, Egypt
| | - Noha Soliman
- Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability (CARES), School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box: 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Hani Sewilam
- Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability (CARES), School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box: 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
- Department of Engineering Hydrology, RWTH Aachen University, Mies-van-der-Rohe Strasse 17, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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12
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Partyka ML, Bond RF. Wastewater reuse for irrigation of produce: A review of research, regulations, and risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154385. [PMID: 35271919 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The burden of disease caused by the contamination of ready-to-eat produce with common waterborne microbial pathogens suggests that irrigation supplies should be closely monitored and regulated. Simultaneously freshwater resources have become increasingly scarce worldwide while global demand continues to grow. Since the turn of the 20th century with the advent of modern wastewater treatment plants, the reuse of treated wastewater is considered a safe and viable water source for irrigation of ready-to-eat vegetables. However strict, and often costly, treatment regimens mean that only a fraction of the world's wastewater supplies are being put to reuse. The purpose of this review is to explore the available literature on the risks associated with reuse water for ready-to-eat produce production including different approaches to reducing those risks as the demand for reuse water increases. It is not the intent of the authors to determine which methods of treatment should be applied, which pathogens should be considered of greatest concern, or which regulations should be applied. Rather, it is meant to be a discussion of the evolving guidelines governing irrigation with reuse water, potential risks from known pathogens common to produce production and recommendations for improving the adoption of water reuse moving forward. To date, there is little evidence to suggest that adequately treated reuse water poses more risk for produce-related illness or outbreaks than other sources of irrigation water. However, multiple epidemiological and quantitative risk assessment models suggest that guidelines for the use of reuse water should be regionally specific and based on local growing practices, available technologies for wastewater treatment, and overall population health. Though research suggests water reuse is generally safe, the assumptions of risk are both personal and of public interest, they should be considered carefully before water reuse is either allowed or disallowed in produce production environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Partyka
- Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America.
| | - Ronald F Bond
- Western Center for Food Safety, Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
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13
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Xu X, Deng Q, Chen HC, Humayun M, Duan D, Zhang X, Sun H, Ao X, Xue X, Nikiforov A, Huo K, Wang C, Xiong Y. Metal-Organic Frameworks Offering Tunable Binary Active Sites toward Highly Efficient Urea Oxidation Electrolysis. Research (Wash D C) 2022; 2022:9837109. [PMID: 35935128 PMCID: PMC9275073 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9837109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is regarded as an effective yet challenging approach for the degradation of urea in wastewater into harmless N2 and CO2. To overcome the sluggish kinetics, catalytically active sites should be rationally designed to maneuver the multiple key steps of intermediate adsorption and desorption. Herein, we demonstrate that metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can provide an ideal platform for tailoring binary active sites to facilitate the rate-determining steps, achieving remarkable electrocatalytic activity toward UOR. Specifically, the MOF (namely, NiMn0.14-BDC) based on Ni/Mn sites and terephthalic acid (BDC) ligands exhibits a low voltage of 1.317 V to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2. As a result, a high turnover frequency (TOF) of 0.15 s−1 is achieved at a voltage of 1.4 V, which enables a urea degradation rate of 81.87% in 0.33 M urea solution. The combination of experimental characterization with theoretical calculation reveals that the Ni and Mn sites play synergistic roles in maneuvering the evolution of urea molecules and key reaction intermediates during the UOR, while the binary Ni/Mn sites in MOF offer the tunability for electronic structure and d-band center impacting on the intermediate evolution. This work provides important insights into active site design by leveraging MOF platform and represents a solid step toward highly efficient UOR with MOF-based electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Xu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qingming Deng
- Physics Department and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Hsiao-Chien Chen
- Center for Reliability Science and Technologies, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302 Taiwan, China
| | - Muhammad Humayun
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Delong Duan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 Anhui, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huachuan Sun
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xinying Xue
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Anton Nikiforov
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Kaifu Huo
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chundong Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yujie Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 Anhui, China
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14
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Review: Brine Solution: Current Status, Future Management and Technology Development. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Desalination brine is extremely concentrated saline water; it contains various salts, nutrients, heavy metals, organic contaminants, and microbial contaminants. Conventional disposal of desalination brine has negative impacts on natural and marine ecosystems that increase the levels of toxicity and salinity. These issues demand the development of brine management technologies that can lead to zero liquid discharge. Brine management can be productive by adopting economically feasible methodologies, which enables the recovery of valuable resources like freshwater, minerals, and energy. This review focuses on the recent advances in brine management using various membrane/thermal-based technologies and their applicability in water, mineral, and energy recoveries, considering their pros and cons. This review also exemplifies the hybrid processes for metal recovery and zero liquid discharge that may be adopted, so far, as an appropriate futuristic strategy. The data analyzed and outlook presented in this review could definitely contribute to the development of economically achievable future strategies for sustainable brine management.
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15
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Nematzadeh M, Samimi A, Mohebbi-Kalhori D, Shokrollahzadeh S, Bide Y. Forward osmosis dewatering of seawater and pesticide contaminated effluents using the commercial fertilizers and zinc-nitrate blend draw solutions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153376. [PMID: 35077789 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fertilizer driven forward osmosis (FDFO) process would be feasible due to the possible prevention of the drainage of dewatered and concentrated pesticide effluent from agricultural pesticide industries to the environment. Instead, it would be possible to return the concentrated pesticide solution to the processing cycle, and on the other hand, employ directly the obtained diluted fertilizer draw solution for irrigation. This study investigated the performance of zinc-nitrate/amino-acids blends as fertilizer type draw solution, and distilled water, saline water (seawater), and synthetic wastewater containing pesticides as feed. The results indicated that the synergetic effect of blended type fertilizer presented significantly higher osmotic pressure and water flux than the sum of their individual ones, especially when the amount of amino acid increased. Conversely, an ignorable reverse flux of blended fertilizer draw solute was observed. The fertilizer blend with a molar ratio of 1:6 zinc-nitrate/amino-acid achieved the higher average fluxes of 34.7 and 23.92 L/m2h from distilled and saline waters compared to common draw solutions such as metal salts. Furthermore, the FDFO exhibited a high rejection (over 99%) of bentazon and imidacloprid in feed solutions compared to other agricultural pesticides due to their larger molecular weight and molecular size. The applied FDFO represented a significant reduction in specific energy consumption (from 0.17 to 0.049 kWh/m3) in a bench-scale setup as compared to the RO process almost at the same water permeation flux and the rejection of bentazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nematzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Samimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Soheila Shokrollahzadeh
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasamin Bide
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
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16
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Wu S, An Y, Lu J, Yu Q, He Z. EDTA-Na 2 as a recoverable draw solute for water extraction in forward osmosis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112521. [PMID: 34902380 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration and reuse of draw solute (DS) is a key challenge in the application of forward osmosis (FO) technologies. Herein, EDTA-Na2 was studied as a recoverable DS for water extraction by taking advantages of its pH-responsive property. The FO system using EDTA DS achieved a higher water flux of 2.22 ± 0.06 L m-2 h-1 and a significantly lower reverse salt flux (RSF) of 0.06 ± 0.01 g m-2 h-1, compared to that with NaCl DS having either the same DS concentration or the same Na+ concentration. The suitable pH range for the application of EDTA DS was between 4.0 and 10.5. A simple recovery method via combined pH adjustment and microfiltration was employed to recover EDTA DS and could achieve the recovery efficiency (at pH 2) of 96.26 ± 0.48%, 97.13 ± 1.03% and 98.56 ± 1.40% by using H2SO4, H3PO4 and HCl, respectively. The lowest acid cost for DS recovery was estimated from 0.0012 ± 0.0001 to 0.0162 ± 0.0003 $ g-1 by using H2SO4. The recovered EDTA DS could be reused in the subsequent FO operation and the overall recovery efficiency was 94.4% for four reuse cycles. These results have demonstrated the feasible of EDTA-Na2 DS and a potentially cost-effective recovery approach, and encouraged further exploration of using EDTA-based compounds as a draw solute for FO applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simiao Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China.
| | - Ying An
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Jilai Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Qingmiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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17
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Omran B, Baek KH. Graphene-derived antibacterial nanocomposites for water disinfection: Current and future perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 298:118836. [PMID: 35032599 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial nanomaterials provide numerous opportunities for the synthesis of next-generation sustainable water disinfectants. Using the keywords graphene and water disinfection and graphene antibacterial activity, a detailed search of the Scopus database yielded 198 and 1433 studies on using graphene for water disinfection applications and graphene antibacterial activity in the last ten years, respectively. Graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs) have emerged as effective antibacterial agents. The current innovations in graphene-, graphene oxide (GO)-, reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-, and graphene quantum dot (GQD)-based nanocomposites for water disinfection, including their functionalization with semiconductor photocatalysts and metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, have been thoroughly discussed in this review. Furthermore, their novel application in the fabrication of 3D porous hydrogels, thin films, and membranes has been emphasized. The physicochemical and structural properties affecting their antibacterial efficiency, such as sheet size, layer number, shape, edges, smoothness/roughness, arrangement mode, aggregation, dispersibility, and surface functionalization have been highlighted. The various mechanisms involved in GFN antibacterial action have been reviewed, including the mechanisms of membrane stress, ROS-dependent and -independent oxidative stress, cell wrapping/trapping, charge transfer, and interaction with cellular components. For safe applications, the potential biosafety and biocompatibility of GFNs in aquatic environments are emphasized. Finally, the current limitations and future perspectives are discussed. This review may provide ideas for developing efficient and practical solutions using graphene-, GO-, rGO-, and GQD-based nanocomposites in water disinfection by rationally employing their unique properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Omran
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea; Department of Processes Design & Development, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo PO, 11727, Egypt
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Pourmovahed P, Lefsrud M, Maisonneuve J. Thermodynamic limits of using fertilizer to produce clean fertigation solution from wastewater via forward osmosis. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Ibrar I, Yadav S, Naji O, Alanezi AA, Ghaffour N, Déon S, Subbiah S, Altaee A. Development in forward Osmosis-Membrane distillation hybrid system for wastewater treatment. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Mendoza E, Buttiglieri G, Blandin G, Comas J. Exploring the limitations of forward osmosis for direct hydroponic fertigation: Impact of ion transfer and fertilizer composition on effective dilution. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 305:114339. [PMID: 34954684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for water reuse technologies and applications to minimize the imminent water crisis, caused by the world population growth, the reduction of freshwater resources and the increasing water pollution. Fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) is a promising process capable of simultaneously extracting fresh water from low-quality sources as feed water (e.g., wastewater or greywater), while diluting fertilizer solutions for direct fertigation, avoiding the demand for freshwater for irrigation. Achieving an adequate level of dilution for direct fertigation is a key element to be evaluated for the implementation of FDFO. This study assessed the performance of the forward osmosis process to dilute fertilizer solutions to be applied directly in hydroponic systems. Experiments were carried out under conditions close to osmotic equilibrium to evaluate the process performance up to the maximum dilution point. Tests were carried out with individual and blended fertilizers (i.e., (NH4)2HPO4 or DAP, and KNO3) used as draw solution (DS) and with deionized water or individual salts (NaCl, MgCl2, Na2SO4, MgSO4) in the feed solution (FS). Water fluxes and reverse salt fluxes indicated that both fertilizer DS composition and concentrations play a fundamental role in the process. Suitable nutrient concentrations to be directly applied without further dilution for N, P and K (119, 40, 264 mg.L-1 respectively) were obtained with deionized water as FS and blended DAP (0.025 M) and KNO3 (0.15 M) as DS. However, important fertilizer losses from DS to FS were observed, being the highest for NO3- (33-70% losses from DS to FS). The presence of salts in FS decreased the water fluxes and the DS dilution due to the osmotic equilibrium caused by a greater loss of nutrients from DS to FS (up to 100%), compared with tests using just deionized water as FS. This study points out the potential limitations of the FDFO process, due to the high solute fluxes and low water fluxes in conditions close to osmotic equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Mendoza
- University of Girona, Spain; ICRA-CERCA. Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain.
| | - Gianluigi Buttiglieri
- University of Girona, Spain; ICRA-CERCA. Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain.
| | - Gaetan Blandin
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, E-17071, Girona, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Comas
- ICRA-CERCA. Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, E-17071, Girona, Spain.
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21
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Ye Y, Ngo HH, Guo W, Chang SW, Nguyen DD, Varjani S, Liu Q, Bui XT, Hoang NB. Bio-membrane integrated systems for nitrogen recovery from wastewater in circular bioeconomy. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133175. [PMID: 34875297 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater contains a significant amount of recoverable nitrogen. Hence, the recovery of nitrogen from wastewater can provide an option for generating some revenue by applying the captured nitrogen to producing bio-products, in order to minimize dangerous or environmental pollution consequences. The circular bio-economy can achieve greater environmental and economic sustainability through game-changing technological developments that will improve municipal wastewater management, where simultaneous nitrogen and energy recovery are required. Over the last decade, substantial efforts were undertaken concerning the recovery of nitrogen from wastewater. For example, bio-membrane integrated system (BMIS) which integrates biological process and membrane technology, has attracted considerable attention for recovering nitrogen from wastewater. In this review, current research on nitrogen recovery using the BMIS are compiled whilst the technologies are compared regarding their energy requirement, efficiencies, advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, the bio-products achieved in the nitrogen recovery system processes are summarized in this paper, and the directions for future research are suggested. Future research should consider the quality of recovered nitrogenous products, long-term performance of BMIS and economic feasibility of large-scale reactors. Nitrogen recovery should be addressed under the framework of a circular bio-economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyao Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia; NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382 010, India
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Xuan Thanh Bui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology & Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Ngoc Bich Hoang
- NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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22
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Abbasi H, Khan SJ, Manzoor K, Adnan M. Optimization of nutrient rich solution for direct fertigation using novel side stream anaerobic forward osmosis process to treat textile wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113691. [PMID: 34530367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current study focused on the performance of a lab scale side stream anaerobic fertilizer drawn forward osmosis (An-FDFO) setup and optimization of nutrient rich solution to achieve sustainable water reuse from high strength synthetic textile wastewater. Three fertilizer draw solutes including Mono Ammonium Phosphate (MAP), Ammonium Sulphate (SOA) and Mono Potassium Phosphate (MKP) were blended in six different ratios with total molar concentration not exceeding 1 M. Among six blended draw solutions (DS), combination with high concentration of SOA have shown highest flux and combination with high concentration of MKP have shown highest reverse solute flux, while those with high concentration of MAP remain moderate both in flux and RSF. During long term runs, SOA: MKP (0.75: 0.25 M) showed longest filtration duration of 217 h in Run 1, with highest initial flux of 8.29 LMH and minimum dilution factor to achieve final nutrients concentration fit for direct fertigation, followed by Run 3 MAP: SOA: MKP (0.2: 0.6: 0.2 M) and then Run 2 MAP: MKP (0.75: 0.25). Moreover, deterioration of mixed liquor characteristics occurs in membrane tank due to high RSF. Similarly, the same inhibitory effect of reverse salt on biogas production was also assessed through Bio-Methane Potential experiments. However, Anaerobic Continuous Stirring Tank Reactor exhibited high performance efficacy, highlighting the importance of side stream submerged configuration in forward osmosis (FO) process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassam Abbasi
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sher Jamal Khan
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Kamran Manzoor
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
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23
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Forward osmosis to treat effluent of pulp and paper industry using urea draw-solute: Energy consumption, water flux, and solute flux. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Patel A, Arkatkar A, Singh S, Rabbani A, Solorza Medina JD, Ong ES, Habashy MM, Jadhav DA, Rene ER, Mungray AA, Mungray AK. Physico-chemical and biological treatment strategies for converting municipal wastewater and its residue to resources. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 282:130881. [PMID: 34087557 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An increase in urbanization and industrialization has not only contributed to an improvement in the lifestyle of people, but it has also contributed to a surge in the generation of wastewater. To date, conventional physico-chemical and biological treatment methods are widely used for the treatment of wastewater. However, the efficient operation of these systems require substantial operation and maintenance costs, and the application of novel technologies for the treatment and disposal of sludge/residues. This review paper focuses on the application of different treatment options such as chemical, catalyst-based, thermochemical and biological processes for wastewater or sludge treatment and membrane-based technologies (i.e. pressure-driven and non-pressure driven) for the separation of the recovered products from wastewater and its residues. As evident from the literature, a wide variety of treatment and resource recovery options are possible, both from wastewater and its residues; however, the lack of planning and selecting the most appropriate design (treatment train) to scale up from pilot to the field scale has limited its practical application. The economic feasibility of the selected technologies was critically analyzed and the future research prospects of resource recovery from wastewater have been outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfak Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, S. V. National Institute of Technology Surat, Ichchhanath Surat-Dumas Road, Keval Chowk, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Ambika Arkatkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, S. V. National Institute of Technology Surat, Ichchhanath Surat-Dumas Road, Keval Chowk, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Srishti Singh
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, P.O. Box 3015, 2601DA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Alija Rabbani
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, P.O. Box 3015, 2601DA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Juan David Solorza Medina
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, P.O. Box 3015, 2601DA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Ee Shen Ong
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, P.O. Box 3015, 2601DA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Mahmoud M Habashy
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, P.O. Box 3015, 2601DA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Dipak A Jadhav
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad 431010, Maharashtra, India
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, P.O. Box 3015, 2601DA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Alka A Mungray
- Department of Chemical Engineering, S. V. National Institute of Technology Surat, Ichchhanath Surat-Dumas Road, Keval Chowk, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Mungray
- Department of Chemical Engineering, S. V. National Institute of Technology Surat, Ichchhanath Surat-Dumas Road, Keval Chowk, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India.
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25
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Kamio E, Kurisu H, Takahashi T, Matsuoka A, Yoshioka T, Nakagawa K, Matsuyama H. Using Reverse Osmosis Membrane at High Temperature for Water Recovery and Regeneration from Thermo-Responsive Ionic Liquid-Based Draw Solution for Efficient Forward Osmosis. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:588. [PMID: 34436351 PMCID: PMC8399973 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) membrane process is expected to realize energy-saving seawater desalination. To this end, energy-saving water recovery from a draw solution (DS) and effective DS regeneration are essential. Recently, thermo-responsive DSs have been developed to realize energy-saving water recovery and DS regeneration. We previously reported that high-temperature reverse osmosis (RO) treatment was effective in recovering water from a thermo-responsive ionic liquid (IL)-based DS. In this study, to confirm the advantages of the high-temperature RO operation, thermo-sensitive IL-based DS was treated by an RO membrane at temperatures higher than the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the DS. Tetrabutylammonium 2,4,6-trimethylbenznenesulfonate ([N4444][TMBS]) with an LCST of 58 °C was used as the DS. The high-temperature RO treatment was conducted at 60 °C above the LCST using the [N4444][TMBS]-based DS-lean phase after phase separation. Because the [N4444][TMBS]-based DS has a significantly temperature-dependent osmotic pressure, the DS-lean phase can be concentrated to an osmotic pressure higher than that of seawater at room temperature (20 °C). In addition, water can be effectively recovered from the DS-lean phase until the DS concentration increased to 40 wt%, and the final DS concentration reached 70 wt%. From the results, the advantages of RO treatment of the thermo-responsive DS at temperatures higher than the LCST were confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Kamio
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science & Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (E.K.); (H.K.); (T.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Hiroki Kurisu
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science & Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (E.K.); (H.K.); (T.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Tomoki Takahashi
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science & Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (E.K.); (H.K.); (T.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Atsushi Matsuoka
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science & Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (E.K.); (H.K.); (T.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Tomohisa Yoshioka
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Graduate School of Science, Technology, and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (K.N.); (T.Y.)
| | - Keizo Nakagawa
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Graduate School of Science, Technology, and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (K.N.); (T.Y.)
| | - Hideto Matsuyama
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science & Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (E.K.); (H.K.); (T.T.); (A.M.)
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Abdul Wahid R, Ang WL, Mohammad AW, Johnson DJ, Hilal N. Evaluating Fertilizer-Drawn Forward Osmosis Performance in Treating Anaerobic Palm Oil Mill Effluent. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11080566. [PMID: 34436329 PMCID: PMC8401652 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) is a potential alternative to recover and reuse water and nutrients from agricultural wastewater, such as palm oil mill effluent that consists of 95% water and is rich in nutrients. This study investigated the potential of commercial fertilizers as draw solution (DS) in FDFO to treat anaerobic palm oil mill effluent (An-POME). The process parameters affecting FO were studied and optimized, which were then applied to fertilizer selection based on FO performance and fouling propensity. Six commonly used fertilizers were screened and assessed in terms of pure water flux (Jw) and reverse salt flux (JS). Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP), and potassium chloride (KCl) were further evaluated with An-POME. MAP showed the best performance against An-POME, with a high average water flux, low flux decline, the highest performance ratio (PR), and highest water recovery of 5.9% for a 4-h operation. In a 24-h fouling run, the average flux decline and water recovered were 84% and 15%, respectively. Both hydraulic flushing and osmotic backwashing cleaning were able to effectively restore the water flux. The results demonstrated that FDFO using commercial fertilizers has the potential for the treatment of An-POME for water recovery. Nevertheless, further investigation is needed to address challenges such as JS and the dilution factor of DS for direct use of fertigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruwaida Abdul Wahid
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, SGR, Malaysia; (R.A.W.); (A.W.M.)
| | - Wei Lun Ang
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, SGR, Malaysia; (R.A.W.); (A.W.M.)
- Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, SGR, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Abdul Wahab Mohammad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, SGR, Malaysia; (R.A.W.); (A.W.M.)
- Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, SGR, Malaysia
| | - Daniel James Johnson
- NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; (D.J.J.); (N.H.)
| | - Nidal Hilal
- NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; (D.J.J.); (N.H.)
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Pourmovahed P, Maisonneuve J. Thermodynamic limits of using fertilizer osmosis to produce mechanical work via pressure retarded osmosis. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Forward osmosis for multi‐effect distillation brine treatment: Performance and concentration polarization evaluation. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ab Hamid NH, Wang DK, Smart S, Ye L. Achieving stable operation and shortcut nitrogen removal in a long-term operated aerobic forward osmosis membrane bioreactor (FOMBR) for treating municipal wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 260:127581. [PMID: 32758787 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis membrane bioreactor (FOMBR) is an integrated physical-biological treatment process that has received increased awareness in treating municipal wastewater for its potential to produce high effluent quality coupled with its low propensity for fouling formation. However, reverse salt diffusion (RSD) is a major issue and so far limited studies have reported long-term FOMBR operation under the elevated salinity conditions induced by RSD. This study investigated the performance of a FOMBR in treating municipal wastewater under a controlled saline environment (6-8 g L-1 NaCl) using two separate sodium chloride draw solution (NaCl DS) concentrations (35 and 70 g L-1) over 243 days. At 35 g L-1 NaCl DS, the water flux performance dropped from 6.75 L m-2 h-1 (LMH) to 2.07 LMH after 72 days of operation in the first experimental stage, when no cleaning procedure was implemented. In the subsequent stage, the DS concentration was increased to 70 g L-1 and a weekly physical cleaning regime introduced. Under stable operation, the water flux performance recovery was 67% after 21 cycles of physical cleaning. For the first time in FOMBR studies, a shortcut nitrogen removal via the nitrite pathway was also achieved under the elevated salinity conditions. At the end of operation (day 243), the ammonia-oxidising bacteria (Nitrosomonas sp.) was the only nitrifier species in the system and no nitrite oxidising bacteria was detected. The above study proves that a FOMBR system is a feasible process for treating municipal wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hafizah Ab Hamid
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - David K Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Simon Smart
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Liu Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Mohan H, Ramalingam V, Lim JM, Lee SW, Kim J, Lee JH, Park YJ, Seralathan KK, Oh BT. E-waste based graphene oxide/V2O5/Pt ternary composite: Enhanced visible light driven photocatalyst for anti-microbial and anti-cancer activity. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Xu J, Tran TN, Lin H, Dai N. Modeling the transport of neutral disinfection byproducts in forward osmosis: Roles of reverse salt flux. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116255. [PMID: 32771562 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The rejection of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) is an important consideration for the application of forward osmosis (FO) in wastewater recycling. However, the transport of organic compounds in FO is not well predicted by existing models, partially because these models have not incorporated the effect of reverse salt flux, a phenomenon previously shown to influence the transport of pharmaceutical compounds. In this study, we investigated the effects of reverse salt flux on DBP transport in FO and the corresponding mechanisms. We used a commercial Aquaporin membrane and tested sixteen DBPs relevant to wastewater recycling. Using draw solutions constituted by NaCl, MgSO4, or glucose in a bench-scale FO system, we first confirmed that higher reverse salt flux resulted in lower DBP permeance. By integrating results from the bench-scale FO system and those from diffusion cell tests, we showed that two mechanisms contributed to the hindered DBP transport: the steric hindrance in the active layer caused by the presence of the draw solute and the retarded diffusion of DBPs in the support layer via a "salting-out" effect. Lastly, we developed a modified solution-diffusion model incorporating these two mechanisms by accounting for the free volume occupied by draw solute molecules in the active layer and by introducing the Setschenow constant, respectively. The modified model significantly improved the prediction of permeance for halogenated DBPs, and revealed the relative importance of steric hindrance (dominant for large DBPs) and retarded diffusion (dominant for hydrophobic DBPs). The modified model did not accurately predict the permeance of nitrosamines, attributable to their extremely high hydrophilicity or large size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Xu
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 231 Jarvis Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14260, United States
| | - Thien Ngoc Tran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, United States
| | - Haiqing Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, United States
| | - Ning Dai
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 231 Jarvis Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14260, United States.
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Wang Z, Lee YY, Scherr D, Senger RS, Li Y, He Z. Mitigating nutrient accumulation with microalgal growth towards enhanced nutrient removal and biomass production in an osmotic photobioreactor. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 182:116038. [PMID: 32619685 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) has great potential for low energy consumption wastewater reuse provided there is no requirement for draw solutes (DS) regeneration. Reverse solute flux (RSF) can lead to DS build-up in the feed solution. This remains a key challenge because it can cause significant water flux reduction and lead to additional water quality problems. Herein, an osmotic photobioreactor (OsPBR) system was developed to employ fast-growing microalgae to consume the RSF nutrients. Diammonium phosphate (DAP) was used as a fertilizer DS, and algal biomass was a byproduct. The addition of microalgae into the OsPBR proved to maintain water flux while reducing the concentrations of NH4+-N, PO43--P and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the OsPBR feed solution by 44.4%, 85.6%, and 77.5%, respectively. Due to the forward cation flux and precipitation, intermittent supplements of K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and SO42- salts further stimulated algal growth and culture densities by 58.7%. With an optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3.33 d, the OsPBR overcame NH4+-N overloading and stabilized key nutrients NH4+-N at ∼ 2.0 mg L-1, PO43--P < 0.6 mg L-1, and COD < 30 mg L-1. A moderate nitrogen reduction stress resulted in a high carbohydrate content (51.3 ± 0.1%) among microalgal cells. A solids retention time (SRT) of 17.82 d was found to increase high-density microalgae by 3-fold with a high yield of both lipids (9.07 g m-3 d-1) and carbohydrates (16.66 g m-3 d-1). This study encourages further exploration of the OsPBR technology for simultaneous recovery of high-quality water and production of algal biomass for value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wang
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Yi-Ying Lee
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science and University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Scherr
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ryan S Senger
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Yantao Li
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science and University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA.
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Chang H, Liu S, Tong T, He Q, Crittenden JC, Vidic RD, Liu B. On-Site Treatment of Shale Gas Flowback and Produced Water in Sichuan Basin by Fertilizer Drawn Forward Osmosis for Irrigation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:10926-10935. [PMID: 32693582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fertilizer drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) was proposed to extract fresh water from flowback and produced water (FPW) from shale gas extraction for irrigation, with fertilizer types and membrane orientations assessed. The draw solution (DS) with NH4H2PO4 displayed the best performance, while the DS with (NH4)2HPO4 resulted in the most severe membrane fouling. The DS with KCl and KNO3 led to substantial reverse solute fluxes. The FDFO operation where the active layer of the membrane was facing the feed solution outperformed that when the active layer was facing the DS. The diluted DS and diluted FPW samples were used for irrigation of Cherry radish and Chinese cabbage. Compared to deionized water, irrigation with the diluted DS (total dissolved solid (TDS) = 350 mg·L-1) promoted plant growth. In contrast, inhibited plant growth was observed when FPW with high salinity (TDS = 5000 mg·L-1) and low salinity (TDS = 1000 mg·L-1) was used for irrigation of long-term (8-week) plant cultures. Finally, upregulated genes were identified to illustrate the difference in plant growth. The results of this study provide a guide for efficient and safe use of FPW after FDFO treatment for agricultural application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Architecture and Environment, Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, PR China
| | - Shi Liu
- Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited, Chinese National Petroleum Corporation, Chengdu 610081, PR China
| | - Tiezheng Tong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Qiping He
- Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited, Chinese National Petroleum Corporation, Chengdu 610081, PR China
| | - John C Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Radisav D Vidic
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Baicang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Architecture and Environment, Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, PR China
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Phuntsho S, Kim JE, Tran VH, Tahara S, Uehara N, Maruko N, Matsuno H, Lim S, Shon HK. Free-standing, thin-film, symmetric membranes: Next-generation membranes for engineered osmosis. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Membrane-Based Processes Used in Municipal Wastewater Treatment for Water Reuse: State-Of-The-Art and Performance Analysis. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10060131. [PMID: 32630495 PMCID: PMC7344726 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10060131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wastewater reuse as a sustainable, reliable and energy recovery concept is a promising approach to alleviate worldwide water scarcity. However, the water reuse market needs to be developed with long-term efforts because only less than 4% of the total wastewater worldwide has been treated for water reuse at present. In addition, the reclaimed water should fulfill the criteria of health safety, appearance, environmental acceptance and economic feasibility based on their local water reuse guidelines. Moreover, municipal wastewater as an alternative water resource for non-potable or potable reuse, has been widely treated by various membrane-based treatment processes for reuse applications. By collecting lab-scale and pilot-scale reuse cases as much as possible, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the membrane-based treatment processes, mainly focused on the hydraulic filtration performance, contaminants removal capacity, reuse purpose, fouling resistance potential, resource recovery and energy consumption. The advances and limitations of different membrane-based processes alone or coupled with other possible processes such as disinfection processes and advanced oxidation processes, are also highlighted. Challenges still facing membrane-based technologies for water reuse applications, including institutional barriers, financial allocation and public perception, are stated as areas in need of further research and development.
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Ang WL, Mohammad AW, Johnson D, Hilal N. Unlocking the application potential of forward osmosis through integrated/hybrid process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 706:136047. [PMID: 31864996 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Study of forward osmosis (FO) has been increasing steadily over recent years with applications mainly focusing on desalination and wastewater treatment processes. The working mechanism of FO lies in the natural movement of water between two streams with different osmotic pressure, which makes it useful in concentrating or diluting solutions. FO has rarely been operated as a stand-alone process. Instead, FO processes often appear in a hybrid or integrated form where FO is combined with other treatment technologies to achieve better overall process performance and cost savings. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review on the need for hybridization/integration for FO membrane processes, with emphasis given to process enhancement, draw solution regeneration, and pretreatment for FO fouling mitigation. In general, integrated/hybrid FO processes can reduce the membrane fouling propensity; prepare the solution suitable for subsequent value-added uses and production of renewable energy; lower the costs associated with energy consumption; enhance the quality of treated water; and enable the continuous operation of FO through the regeneration of draw solution. The future potential of FO lies in the success of how it can be hybridized or integrated with other technologies to minimize its own shortcomings, while enhancing the overall performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lun Ang
- Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Abdul Wahab Mohammad
- Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Daniel Johnson
- Centre for Water Advanced Technologies and Environmental Research (CWATER), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Nidal Hilal
- Centre for Water Advanced Technologies and Environmental Research (CWATER), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Johnson D, Lun AW, Mohammed AW, Hilal N. Dewatering of POME digestate using lignosulfonate driven forward osmosis. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Dynamical Modeling of Water Flux in Forward Osmosis with Multistage Operation and Sensitivity Analysis of Model Parameters. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w12010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
To mathematically predict the behavior of a forward osmosis (FO) process for water recovery, a model was constructed using an asymmetric membrane and glucose as a draw solution, allowing an examination of both phenomenological and process aspects. It was found that the proposed model adequately described the significant physicochemical phenomena that occur in the FO system, including forward water flux, internal concentration polarization (ICP), external concentration polarization (ECP), and reverse solute diffusion (RSD). Model parameters, namely the physiochemical properties of the FO membrane and glucose solutions, were estimated on the basis of experimental and existing data. Through batch FO operations with the estimated parameters, the model was verified. In addition, the influences of ECP and ICP on the water flux of the FO system were investigated at different solute concentrations. Water flux simulation results, which exhibited good agreement with the experimental data, confirmed that ICP, ECP, and RSD had a real impact on water flux and thus must be taken into account in the FO process. With the Latin-hypercube—one-factor-at-a-time (LH–OAT) method, the sensitivity index of diffusivity was at its highest, with a value of more than 40%, which means that diffusivity is the most influential parameter for water flux of the FO system, in particular when dealing with a high-salinity solution. Based on the developed model and sensitivity analysis, the simulation results provide insight into how mass transport affects the performance of an FO system.
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Dutta S, Nath K. Dewatering of Brackish Water and Wastewater by an Integrated Forward Osmosis and Nanofiltration System for Direct Fertigation. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-019-04102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gulied M, Al Momani F, Khraisheh M, Bhosale R, AlNouss A. Influence of draw solution type and properties on the performance of forward osmosis process: Energy consumption and sustainable water reuse. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:234-244. [PMID: 31176124 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Single and multi-component fertilizers were used as a draw solution (DS) in forward osmosis (FO) to produce high-quality water from synthetic and seawater solution, eliminating the need for DS regeneration and reducing the operational energy. The effect of DS type, concentration, circulation flow rates on the FO water flux (WF), specific water flux (SWF), percentage water recovery (%Wrecovery), reverse salt flux (RSF) and percentage salt rejection (%R) were studied. The results showed that single fertilizer draw solution (SFDSs) produced higher WF (4.43 L/m2.h), %Wrecovery (30%) and RSF (60%) in comparison with multi-component draw solution (MCDS) with WF, %Wrecovery and RSF of 2.57 L/m2.h, 17% and 46%, respectively. DS with higher concentration produced the highest SWF and %Wrecovery and consumed less energy. MCDS with concentration of 200 g/L showed SWF in the range of 14.0 to 10.4 L/m2h and energy consumption of 0.312 kW/h m3 in comparison with 10 to 7.8 L/m2h and 0.23 kW/h m3 for MCDS with concentration of 100 g/L. Increasing the recirculation flow rate showed minimum effect on WF and up to 35% energy saving. Pure water extracted using liquid fertilizers utilizing the unique FO mass transport properties balanced nutrient requirement and the water quality parameters, thereby sustaining the aquaponics industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Gulied
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fares Al Momani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Majeda Khraisheh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Rahul Bhosale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed AlNouss
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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41
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Zou S, Smith ED, Lin S, Martin SM, He Z. Mitigation of bidirectional solute flux in forward osmosis via membrane surface coating of zwitterion functionalized carbon nanotubes. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 131:104970. [PMID: 31295643 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) has emerged as a promising membrane technology to yield high-quality reusable water from various water sources. A key challenge to be solved is the bidirectional solute flux (BSF), including reverse solute flux (RSF) and forward solute flux (FSF). Herein, zwitterion functionalized carbon nanotubes (Z-CNTs) have been coated onto a commercial thin film composite (TFC) membrane, resulting in BSF mitigation via both electrostatic repulsion forces induced by zwitterionic functional groups and steric interactions with CNTs. At a coating density of 0.97 g m-2, a significantly reduced specific RSF was observed for multiple draw solutes, including NaCl (55.5% reduction), NH4H2PO4 (83.8%), (NH4)2HPO4 (74.5%), NH4Cl (70.8%), and NH4HCO3 (61.9%). When a synthetic wastewater was applied as the feed to investigate membrane rejection, FSF was notably reduced by using the coated membrane with fewer pollutants leaked to the draw solution, including NH4+-N (46.3% reduction), NO2--N (37.0%), NO3--N (30.3%), K+ (56.1%), PO43--P (100%), and Mg2+ (100%). When fed with real wastewater, a consistent water flux was achieved during semi-continuous operation with enhanced fouling resistance. This study is among the earliest efforts to address BSF control via membrane modification, and the results will encourage further exploration of effective strategies to reduce BSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Zou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Ethan D Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Shihong Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Stephen M Martin
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Aftab B, Ok YS, Cho J, Hur J. Targeted removal of organic foulants in landfill leachate in forward osmosis system integrated with biochar/activated carbon treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 160:217-227. [PMID: 31152947 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) has been adopted to treat complex wastewater such as landfill leachate due to its high rejection of organics. In this study, the in-line adsorptive process using biochar (BC) or powdered activated carbon (PAC) was applied to a cross flow FO system to enhance the mitigation of the FO membrane fouling from landfill leachate. The changes in the leachate composition along the treatments were tracked by excitation emission matrix-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) to identify tryptophan-like (C1), fulvic-like (C2), and humic-like (C3) components. After a single operation of FO, the C1 was found to be the main constituent responsible for membrane fouling irrespective of varying operation conditions regarding draw solute concentrations and flow rates. Both sorbents (i.e., BC and PAC) exhibited the preferential removal behavior towards C1 > C2 > C3, which was well supported by their individual adsorption isotherm model parameters. The addition of in-line adsorption treatment to FO resulted in substantial improvements in the filtered volume (>57%) and the flux recovery (>80%) compared to the single FO operation. Without chemical cleaning of membrane, the flux was fully recovered at a dose of 10 g/L BC or 0.3 g/L of PAC. A significant and negative correlation was found between the flux recovery and the C1 of the feed leachate or the corresponding spectral peak intensity (p < 0.05) for the integrated FO system, suggesting the potential of using on-line fluorescence monitoring for the performance of the integrated system in terms of fouling mitigation. This study provided a new insight into the effectiveness of BC or PAC adsorption as the in-line integration with an FO system for the targeted removal of FO membrane foulants in landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Aftab
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Cho
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
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Atamaleki A, Yazdanbakhsh A, Fakhri Y, Mahdipour F, Khodakarim S, Mousavi Khaneghah A. The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the onion and tomato irrigated by wastewater: A systematic review; meta-analysis and health risk assessment. Food Res Int 2019; 125:108518. [PMID: 31554079 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, vegetable irrigation with wastewater in developing countries has become a serious issue. In this regard, the current investigation was performed to collect the related data regarding the concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) including Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, and Cd in onion and tomato samples irrigated with wastewater by the aid of a systematic review among the Scopus, Medline and Embase databases between 1/January/1983 to 31/January/2019. Also, the health risk assessment for consumers due to PTEs ingestion via the consumption of onion and tomato was estimated by using target hazard quotient (THQ). In this context, 35 articles with 64 studies out of 779 retrieved citations were included in the meta-analysis. The ranking of different parts of tomato based on Pb, Cd, and Cu concentration was shoot > root > leave > edible part; Fe, leave > shoot > root > edible part; Cr, root > leave > shoot > edible part; Zn, shoot > leave > root > edible part; and Ni, leave > edible part > root > shoot. Moreover, the ratio concentration of Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Cr, Zn and Ni in the edible part to leave of onion was 2.92, 6.01, 1.29, 4.17, 0.84, and 3.55, 10.10, respectively. According to findings, the rank order of PTEs in the onion was Fe (43.09 mg/kg-dry weight) > Zn (34.3 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Pb (18.54 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Cu (14.9 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Ni (11.92 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Cr (7.24 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Cd (0.23 mg/ kg-dry weight) and tomato; Fe (139.12 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Zn (29.81 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Cu (25.04 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Cr (14.28 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Pb (9.58 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Ni (9.23 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Cd (4.64 mg/kg-dry weight). However, the concentration of PTEs investigated in the edible part of onion was higher than leaves; their concentrations in the edible part of the tomato were lower than other parts. The health risk assessment indicated that consumers groups are at significant non-carcinogenic risk due to the ingestion of PTEs via consumption of the onion and tomato vegetable wastewater irrigated (THQ > 1). Therefore, the irrigation of vegetables with wastewater should be monitored and controlled by some prevention plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Atamaleki
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Yazdanbakhsh
- Workplace Health Promotion Reseach Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- School of Public Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Fayyaz Mahdipour
- Workplace Health Promotion Reseach Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Khodakarim
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Silva MA, Hilliou L, de Amorim MTP. Fabrication of pristine-multiwalled carbon nanotubes/cellulose acetate composites for removal of methylene blue. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02769-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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45
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Biogas slurry as draw solution of forward osmosis process to extract clean water from micro-polluted water for hydroponic cultivation. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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Wu B. Membrane-based technology in greywater reclamation: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:184-200. [PMID: 30504020 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Greywater reclamation has been well recognized as an alternative water resource for non-potable or potable use. To meet greywater reuse standards, various membrane-based techniques have been widely adopted to treat greywater for producing water with superior quality. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review on membrane-based techniques in greywater treatment, including direct pressure-driven and osmotic-driven membrane processes, hybrid membrane processes (such as membrane bioreactors and integrating membrane separation with other processes), and resource recovery oriented membrane-based processes. Membrane performance and treatment efficiency in the reported membrane-based greywater treatment systems are evaluated and membrane fouling mechanisms and control strategies are illustrated. The advantages, limitations, and influencing factors on membrane-based greywater treatment processes are highlighted. Towards long-term sustainability of greywater reclamation, the challenges and prospects of membrane-based greywater treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wu
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iceland, Hjardarhagi 2-6, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Iskander SM, Novak JT, He Z. Reduction of reagent requirements and sludge generation in Fenton's oxidation of landfill leachate by synergistically incorporating forward osmosis and humic acid recovery. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 151:310-317. [PMID: 30616043 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Applications of Fenton's oxidation of landfill leachate is limited by both high reagent requirements and a large amount of sludge generation. To address those issues, forward osmosis (FO) and humic acid (HA) recovery were incorporated with Fenton's treatment. In the FO, leachate was concentrated by 3.2 times in 10 hours using a 5-M NaCl draw solution. The HA recovery increased from 1.86 to 2.45 g L-1 at pH 2 after FO concentration, mainly because of the replacement of O in the HA structure by other inorganics (i.e., Cl, Na, K) with higher molecular weights. Due to the movement of alkalinity causing species (i.e., HCO3-, CO32-) to the draw side driven by a concentration gradient, the H2SO4 requirement per g of recovered HA and per g of removed COD decreased by 46.4% and 17.1%, respectively. The HA recovery also decreased sludge generation by 30%. At a dimensionless oxidant dose of 0.5, the proposed system reduced the overall requirement of H2SO4 by 25.2%, NaOH by 34.6%, and both FeSO4.7H2O and H2O2 by 35%, compared to the standalone Fenton's treatment of raw leachate. Those results have demonstrated that the proposed system could greatly decrease the leachate volume, lower the reagent requirements, and reduce the sludge production towards sustainable leachate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeed Md Iskander
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - John T Novak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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48
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Volpin F, Heo H, Hasan Johir MA, Cho J, Phuntsho S, Shon HK. Techno-economic feasibility of recovering phosphorus, nitrogen and water from dilute human urine via forward osmosis. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 150:47-55. [PMID: 30503874 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to high phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) content, human urine has often proven to suitable raw material for fertiliser production. However, most of the urine diverting toilets or male urinals dilute the urine 2 to 10 times. This decreases the efficiency in the precipitation of P and stripping of N. In this work, a commercial fertiliser blend was used as forward osmosis (FO) draw solution (DS) to concentrate real diluted urine. During the concentration, the urea in the urine is recovered as it diffuses to the fertiliser. Additionally, the combination of concentrate PO43-, reverse Mg2+ flux from the DS and the Mg2+ presents in the flushing water, was able to recover the PO43- as struvite. With 50% concentrated urine, 93% P recovery was achieved without the addition of an external Mg2+. Concurrently, 50% of the N was recovered in the diluted fertiliser DS. An economic analysis was performed to understand the feasibility of this process. It was found that the revenue from the produced fertilisers could potentially offset the operational and capital costs of the system. Additionally, if the reduction in the downstream nutrients load is accounted for, the total revenue of the process would be over 5.3 times of the associated costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Volpin
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Huijin Heo
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 689-798, South Korea
| | - Md Abu Hasan Johir
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Jaeweon Cho
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 689-798, South Korea
| | - Sherub Phuntsho
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Ho Kyong Shon
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Dai R, Zhang X, Liu M, Wu Z, Wang Z. Porous metal organic framework CuBDC nanosheet incorporated thin-film nanocomposite membrane for high-performance forward osmosis. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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50
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Inada A, Yumiya K, Takahashi T, Kumagai K, Hashizume Y, Matsuyama H. Development of thermoresponsive star oligomers with a glycerol backbone as the draw solute in forward osmosis process. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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