1
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Fučík J, Jašek V, Hamplová M, Navrkalová J, Zlámalová Gargošová H, Mravcová L. Assessing Lettuce Exposure to a Multi-Pharmaceutical Mixture in Soil: Insights from LC-ESI-TQ Analysis and the Impact of Biochar on Pharmaceutical Bioavailability. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:39065-39081. [PMID: 39310173 PMCID: PMC11411693 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c05831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural practices introduce pharmaceutical (PhAC) residues into the terrestrial environment, potentially endangering agricultural crops and human health. This study aimed to evaluate various aspects related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in the lettuce-soil system, including bioconcentration factors (BCFs), translocation factors (TFs), ecotoxicological effects, the influence of biochar on the PhAC bioavailability, persistence in soil, and associated environmental and health risks. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was exposed to a mixture of 25 PhACs in two scenarios: initially contaminated soil (ranging from 0 to 10,000 ng·g-1) and soil irrigated with contaminated water (ranging from 0 to 1000 μg·L-1) over a 28-day period. The findings revealed a diverse range of BCFs (0.068-3.7) and TFs (0.032-0.58), indicating the uptake and translocation potential of pharmaceuticals by lettuce. Significant ecotoxicological effects on L. sativa, including weight change and increased mortality, were observed (p < 0.05). Interestingly, biochar did not significantly affect PhAC uptake by L. sativa (p > 0.05), while it significantly influenced the soil degradation kinetics of 12 PhACs (p < 0.05). Additionally, the estimated daily intake of PhACs through the consumption of L. sativa suggested negligible health risks, although concerns arose regarding the potential health risks if other vegetable sources were similarly contaminated with trace residues. Furthermore, this study evaluated the environmental risk associated with the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in soil, as medium to high. In conclusion, these findings highlight the multifaceted challenges posed by pharmaceutical contamination in agricultural environments and emphasize the importance of proactive measures to mitigate the associated risks to both environmental and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Fučík
- Institute
of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of
Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Jašek
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Hamplová
- Institute
of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of
Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Navrkalová
- Institute
of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of
Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Zlámalová Gargošová
- Institute
of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of
Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Mravcová
- Institute
of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of
Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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2
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Sayed K, Wan-Mohtar WHM, Mohd Hanafiah Z, Bithi AS, Md Isa N, Abd Manan TSB. Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant through wastewater irrigation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 109:104475. [PMID: 38777114 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The present investigation focuses on the identification of popular PhACs in roots, leaves and rice grains, which are cultivated in soil irrigated with waters and wastewater. The present study reveals the presence of PhACs in rice grains from different brands which are available in the current market, which has thus motivated these experiments. The rice plants were cultivated in garden containers and irrigated with three different water sources. All PhAC compounds were recovered within an 89-111 % range using the extraction technique, reproducibility, and sensitivity (LOQ <25 µg/g). Further, PhAC compounds were identified using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QqTOF-MS). Interestingly, several PhAC compounds were detected in rice grains, aligning with hypotheses and findings from published literature. A total of ten (10) PhACs were found in the root, leaf, and rice grain of the 20 popular PhACs that were targeted. The annual exposure and medical dose equivalent for individual PhACs was negligible. According to our knowledge, this study is the first to show the accumulation of several categories (cocktail) of PhACs in rice grains and show the approximate human health risk assessment by its consumption. The study's results provide valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and agricultural practitioners working on sustainable agriculture and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Sayed
- Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43600, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Hanna Melini Wan-Mohtar
- Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43600, Malaysia; Environmental Management Centre, Institute of Climate Change, National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Zarimah Mohd Hanafiah
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Aziza Sultana Bithi
- Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43600, Malaysia
| | - Nurulhikma Md Isa
- Faculty of Science & Technology, National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43600, Malaysia
| | - Teh Sabariah Binti Abd Manan
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman 21030, Malaysia
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3
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Acosta-Angulo B, Lara-Ramos J, Niño-Vargas A, Diaz-Angulo J, Benavides-Guerrero J, Bhattacharya A, Cloutier S, Machuca-Martínez F. Unveiling the potential of machine learning in cost-effective degradation of pharmaceutically active compounds: A stirred photo-reactor study. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142222. [PMID: 38714249 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
In this study, neural networks and support vector regression (SVR) were employed to predict the degradation over three pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs): Ibuprofen (IBP), diclofenac (DCF), and caffeine (CAF) within a stirred reactor featuring a flotation cell with two non-concentric ultraviolet lamps. A total of 438 datapoints were collected from published works and distributed into 70% training and 30% test datasets while cross-validation was utilized to assess the training reliability. The models incorporated 15 input variables concerning reaction kinetics, molecular properties, hydrodynamic information, presence of radiation, and catalytic properties. It was observed that the Support Vector Regression (SVR) presented a poor performance as the ε hyperparameter ignored large error over low concentration levels. Meanwhile, the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) model was able to provide rough estimations on the expected degradation of the pollutants without requiring information regarding reaction rate constants. The multi-objective optimization analysis suggested a leading role due to ozone kinetic for a rapid degradation of the contaminants and most of the results required intensification with hydrogen peroxide and Fenton process. Although both models were affected by accuracy limitations, this work provided a lightweight model to evaluate different Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) by providing general information regarding the process operational conditions as well as know molecular and catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Acosta-Angulo
- Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Del Valle, Santiago de, Cali, 760026, Valle Del Cauca, Colombia
| | - J Lara-Ramos
- Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Del Valle, Santiago de, Cali, 760026, Valle Del Cauca, Colombia
| | - A Niño-Vargas
- Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Del Valle, Santiago de, Cali, 760026, Valle Del Cauca, Colombia
| | - J Diaz-Angulo
- Research and Technological Development in Water Treatment, Processes Modelling and Disposal of Residues - GITAM, Cauca, Colombia
| | - J Benavides-Guerrero
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ecole de Technologia Superieure, 1100 Notre-Dame West, Montreal, H3C 1K3, Quebec, Canada
| | - A Bhattacharya
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ecole de Technologia Superieure, 1100 Notre-Dame West, Montreal, H3C 1K3, Quebec, Canada
| | - S Cloutier
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ecole de Technologia Superieure, 1100 Notre-Dame West, Montreal, H3C 1K3, Quebec, Canada
| | - F Machuca-Martínez
- Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Del Valle, Santiago de, Cali, 760026, Valle Del Cauca, Colombia.
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4
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Shi Q, Cao M, Xiong Y, Kaur P, Fu Q, Smith A, Yates R, Gan J. Alternating water sources to minimize contaminant accumulation in food plants from treated wastewater irrigation. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 255:121504. [PMID: 38555786 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The use of treated wastewater (TWW) for agricultural irrigation is a critical measure in advancing sustainable water management and agricultural production. However, TWW irrigation in agriculture serves as a conduit to introduce many contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) into the soil-plant-food continuum, posing potential environmental and human health risks. Currently, there are few practical options to mitigate the potential risk while promoting the safe reuse of TWW. In this greenhouse study, the accumulation of 11 commonly occurring CECs was evaluated in three vegetables (radish, lettuce, and tomato) subjected to two different irrigation schemes: whole-season irrigation with CEC-spiked water (FULL), and half-season irrigation with CEC-spiked water, followed by irrigation with clean water for the remaining season (HALF). Significant decreases (57.0-99.8 %, p < 0.05) in the accumulation of meprobamate, carbamazepine, PFBS, PFBA, and PFHxA in edible tissues were found for the HALF treatment with the alternating irrigation scheme. The CEC accumulation reduction was attributed to reduced chemical input, soil degradation, plant metabolism, and plant growth dilution. The structural equation modeling showed that this mitigation strategy was particularly effective for CECs with a high bioaccumulation potential and short half-life in soil, while less effective for those that are more persistent. The study findings demonstrate the effectiveness of this simple and on-farm applicable management strategy that can be used to minimize the potential contamination of food crops from the use of TWW and other marginal water sources in agriculture, while promoting safe reuse and contributing to environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Shi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Meixian Cao
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yaxin Xiong
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Parminder Kaur
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Qiuguo Fu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Aspen Smith
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Rebecca Yates
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States.
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5
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Liu Z, Shi C, Wang B, Zhang X, Ding J, Gao P, Yuan X, Liu Z, Zhang H. Cytochrome P450 enzymes in the black-spotted frog ( Pelophylax nigromaculatus): molecular characterization and upregulation of expression by sulfamethoxazole. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1412943. [PMID: 38784115 PMCID: PMC11112259 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1412943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are crucial for the detoxification of xenobiotics, cellular metabolism, and homeostasis. This study investigated the molecular characterization of CYP enzymes in the black-spotted frog, Pelophylax nigromaculatus, and examined the regulation of CYP expression in response to chronic exposure to the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) at various environmental concentrations (0, 1, 10, and 100 μg/L). The full-length cDNA of Pn-CYP26B1 was identified. The sequence included open reading frames of 1,536 bp, encoding proteins comprising 511 amino acids. The signature motif, FxxGxxxCxG, was highly conserved when compared with a number of selected animal species. SMX significantly upregulated the expression of the protein CYP26B1 in frog livers at concentrations of 1 and 10 μg/L. SMX showed an affinity for CYP26B1 of -7.6 kcal/mol, indicating a potential mechanism for SMX detoxification or adaptation of the frog. These findings contributed to our understanding of the environmental impact of antibiotics on amphibian species and underscored the importance of CYP enzymes in maintaining biochemical homeostasis under exposure to xenobiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqun Liu
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaoli Shi
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Jiafeng Ding
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Urban Wetlands and Regional Change, Hangzhou, China
| | - Panpan Gao
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Urban Wetlands and Regional Change, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Yuan
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Urban Wetlands and Regional Change, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Urban Wetlands and Regional Change, Hangzhou, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hangjun Zhang
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Urban Wetlands and Regional Change, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Mininni AN, Pietrafesa A, Calabritto M, Di Biase R, Brunetti G, De Mastro F, Murgolo S, De Ceglie C, Salerno C, Dichio B. Uptake and translocation of pharmaceutically active compounds by olive tree ( Olea europaea L.) irrigated with treated municipal wastewater. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1382595. [PMID: 38756964 PMCID: PMC11096453 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1382595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The use of treated municipal wastewater (TWW) represents a relevant opportunity for irrigation of agricultural crops in semi-arid regions to counter the increasing water scarcity. Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) are often detected in treated wastewater, posing a risk to humans and the environment. PhACs can accumulate in soils and translocate into different plant tissues, reaching, in some cases, edible organs and entering the food chain. Methods This study evaluated the uptake and translocation processes of 10 PhACs by olive trees irrigated with TWW, investigating their accumulation in different plant organs. The experiment was conducted in southern Italy, in 2-year-old plants irrigated with three different types of water: freshwater (FW), TWW spiked with 10 PhACs at a concentration of 200 µg L-1 (1× TWW), and at a triple dose (3× TWW), from July to October 2021. The concentration of PhACs in soil and plant organs was assessed, collecting samples of root, stem, shoot, leaf, fruit, and kernel at 0 (T0), 50 (T1), and 107 (T2) days of irrigation. PhACs extraction from soil and plant organs was carried out using the QuEChERS method, and their concentrations were determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography. Results Results of uptake factors (UF) showed a different behavior between compounds according to their physicochemical properties, highlighting PhACs accumulation and translocation in different plant organs (also edible part) in 1× TWW and 3× TWW compared to FW. Two PhACs, carbamazepine and fluconazole, showed interactions with the soil-plant system, translocating also in the aerial part of the plant, with a translocation factor (TF) greater than 1, which indicates high root-to-leaf translocation. Discussion Findings highlight that only few PhACs among the selected compounds can be uptaken by woody plants and accumulated in edible parts at low concentration. No effects of PhACs exposure on plant growth have been detected. Despite the attention to be paid to the few compounds that translocate into edible organs, these results are promising for adapting wastewater irrigation in crops. Increasing knowledge about PhACs behavior in woody plants can be important for developing optimized wastewater irrigation and soil management strategies to reduce PhACs accumulation and translocation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba N. Mininni
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, Environment, and Cultural Heritage (DICEM), University of Basilicata, Matera, Italy
| | - Angela Pietrafesa
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, Environment, and Cultural Heritage (DICEM), University of Basilicata, Matera, Italy
| | - Maria Calabritto
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, Environment, and Cultural Heritage (DICEM), University of Basilicata, Matera, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Biase
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, Environment, and Cultural Heritage (DICEM), University of Basilicata, Matera, Italy
| | - Gennaro Brunetti
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Science, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco De Mastro
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Science, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Sapia Murgolo
- Department of Bari, Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque, CNR, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Salerno
- Department of Bari, Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque, CNR, Bari, Italy
| | - Bartolomeo Dichio
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, Environment, and Cultural Heritage (DICEM), University of Basilicata, Matera, Italy
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7
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Itzhari D, Shuai W, Hartmann EM, Ronen Z. Heterogeneous Antibiotic Resistance Gene Removal Impedes Evaluation of Constructed Wetlands for Effective Greywater Treatment. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:315. [PMID: 38666991 PMCID: PMC11047525 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms carrying antimicrobial resistance genes are often found in greywater. As the reuse of greywater becomes increasingly needed, it is imperative to determine how greywater treatment impacts antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Using qPCR and SmartChip™ qPCR, we characterized ARG patterns in greywater microbial communities before, during, and after treatment by a recirculating vertical flow constructed wetland. In parallel, we examined the impact of greywater-treated irrigation on soil, including the occurrence of emerging micropollutants and the taxonomic and ARG compositions of microbial communities. Most ARGs in raw greywater are removed efficiently during the winter season, while some ARGs in the effluents increase in summer. SmartChip™ qPCR revealed the presence of ARGs, such as tetracycline and beta-lactam resistance genes, in both raw and treated greywater, but most abundantly in the filter bed. It also showed that aminoglycoside and vancomycin gene abundances significantly increased after treatment. In the irrigated soil, the type of water (potable or treated greywater) had no specific impact on the total bacterial abundance (16S rRNA gene). No overlapping ARGs were found between treated greywater and greywater-irrigated soil. This study indicates ARG abundance and richness increased after treatment, possibly due to the concentration effects of the filter beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Itzhari
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba 8499000, Israel;
| | - Weitao Shuai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; (W.S.); (E.M.H.)
| | - Erica M. Hartmann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; (W.S.); (E.M.H.)
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Zeev Ronen
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba 8499000, Israel;
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8
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Castaño-Trias M, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Verlicchi P, Buttiglieri G. Selection of pharmaceuticals of concern in reclaimed water for crop irrigation in the Mediterranean area. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133538. [PMID: 38290335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The reuse of reclaimed water in agriculture is being fostered in areas suffering from water scarcity. However, water pollutants can compromise food safety and pose a risk for the environment. This study aims to select the pharmaceutical compounds worth monitoring and investigating when reclaimed water is used for tomato and lettuce irrigation. A comprehensive study was first conducted to identify the pharmaceuticals frequently detected in secondary wastewater effluents in Catalonia (Northeast Spain). Priority pharmaceuticals were further selected based on their occurrence in secondary effluents, persistence (removal in conventional treatment), bioaccumulation potential, toxicity for aquatic organisms, and the risks they pose to the terrestrial environment and human health (through the consumption of crops). Out of the 47 preselected priority compounds, six could pose a risk to organisms living in soil irrigated with reclaimed water and seven could be potentially taken up by the crops. Nonetheless, no risk for human consumption was foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Castaño-Trias
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Spain
| | - S Rodríguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Spain.
| | - P Verlicchi
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Buttiglieri
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Spain.
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9
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Yan Q, Zhong Z, Li X, Cao Z, Zheng X, Feng G. Characterization of heavy metal, antibiotic pollution, and their resistance genes in paddy with secondary municipal-treated wastewater irrigation. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 252:121208. [PMID: 38309064 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Secondary municipal-treated wastewater irrigation may introduce residual antibiotics into the agricultural systems contaminated with certain heavy metals, ultimately leading to the coexistence of antibiotics and heavy metals. The coexistence may induce synergistic resistance to both in the microbial community. Here, we investigated the effects of long-term municipal-treated irrigation for rice on the microbiome and resistome. The results showed that the target antibiotics were undetectable in edible grains, and the heavy metal concentrations did not exceed the standard in edible rice grains. Heavy metal resistance genes (MRGs) ruvB and acn antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) sul1 and sul2 were the dominating resistant genes. The coexistence of antibiotics and heavy metals affected the microbial community and promoted metal and antibiotic resistance. Network analysis revealed that Proteobacteria were the most influential hosts for MRGs, ARGs, and integrons, and co-selection may serve as a potential mechanism for resistance maintenance. MRG czcA and ARG sul1 can be recommended as model genes to study the co-selection of ARGs and MRGs in environments. The obtained results highlight the importance of considering the co-occurrence of heavy metals and antibiotics while developing effective methods to prevent the transmission of ARGs. These findings are critical for assessing the possible human health concerns associated with secondary municipal-treated wastewater irrigation for agriculture and improving the understanding of the coexistence of heavy metals and antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yan
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China; Rice Product Quality Inspection & Supervision Testing Center, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China.
| | - Zhengzheng Zhong
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China; Rice Product Quality Inspection & Supervision Testing Center, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Zhaoyun Cao
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China; Rice Product Quality Inspection & Supervision Testing Center, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Zheng
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China; Rice Product Quality Inspection & Supervision Testing Center, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Guozhong Feng
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China.
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10
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Stanton IC, Tipper HJ, Chau K, Klümper U, Subirats J, Murray AK. Does Environmental Exposure to Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Product Residues Result in the Selection of Antimicrobial-Resistant Microorganisms, and is this Important in Terms of Human Health Outcomes? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:623-636. [PMID: 36416260 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The environment plays a critical role in the development, dissemination, and transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) enter the environment through direct application to the environment and through anthropogenic pollution. Although there is a growing body of evidence defining minimal selective concentrations (MSCs) of antibiotics and the role antibiotics play in horizontal gene transfer (HGT), there is limited evidence on the role of non-antibiotic PPCPs. Existing data show associations with the development of resistance or effects on bacterial growth rather than calculating selective endpoints. Research has focused on laboratory-based systems rather than in situ experiments, although PPCP concentrations found throughout wastewater, natural water, and soil environments are often within the range of laboratory-derived MSCs and at concentrations shown to promote HGT. Increased selection and HGT of AMR by PPCPs will result in an increase in total AMR abundance in the environment, increasing the risk of exposure and potential transmission of environmental AMR to humans. There is some evidence to suggest that humans can acquire resistance from environmental settings, with water environments being the most frequently studied. However, because this is currently limited, we recommend that more evidence be gathered to understand the risk the environment plays in regard to human health. In addition, we recommend that future research efforts focus on MSC-based experiments for non-antibiotic PPCPS, particularly in situ, and investigate the effect of PPCP mixtures on AMR. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:623-636. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kevin Chau
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Uli Klümper
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Technische Universitӓt Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jessica Subirats
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aimee K Murray
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
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11
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Montemurro N, Manasfi R, Chiron S, Perez S. Evaluation of different QuEChERS-based methods for the extraction of 48 wastewater-derived organic contaminants from soil and lettuce root using high-resolution LC-QTOF with MRM HR and SWATH acquisition modes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:20258-20276. [PMID: 38372911 PMCID: PMC10927905 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32423-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The reuse of treated wastewater in agriculture is an important route of introducing a large number of organic contaminants into the agroecosystem. In this study, a modified QuEChERS-based approach was developed for rapid, simple, and simultaneous extraction of 48 organic wastewater-derived contaminants from soil and lettuce root. Twenty-two different (modification) scenarios of the known (or original) QuEChERS method have been tested, in order to obtain best and well-compromised recoveries for all target compounds for soil and roots. Finally, a common method was chosen for both matrices consisting of a single extraction step using EDTA-Mcllvaine buffer and the unbuffered Original QuEChERS salts. Method performance was accomplished by liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry on a QToF-MS system using two different acquisition modes, the ultra-fast high-resolution multiple reaction monitoring (MRMHR) mode and the innovative Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Fragment-Ion (SWATH) mode. Performance characterization was evaluated in terms of recovery, linearity, intra-day precision, method detection limits (MDLs), method quantification limits (MQLs), and matrix effect (ME). Recoveries in MRMHR mode ranged from 63 to 111% and 54 to 104% for lettuce root and soil, respectively, for most of compounds in MRMHR mode and from 56 to 121% and 54 to 104% for lettuce root and soil, respectively, for most of compounds in SWATH. Whereas, MQLs ranged from 0.03 to 0.92 ng g-1 in MRMHR and from 0.03 to 82 ng g-1 in SWATH for lettuce root, and from 0.02 to 0.44 ng g-1 in MRMHR and 0.02 to 0.14 ng g-1 in SWATH for soil. The method was then applied to follow the target compounds in soil and lettuce root, where the system lettuce-soil was irrigated with treated wastewater under real greenhouse conditions. Five and 17 compounds were detected in lettuce root and soil, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Montemurro
- Environmental and Water Chemistry for Human Health (ONHEALTH), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rayana Manasfi
- Environmental and Water Chemistry for Human Health (ONHEALTH), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
- HydroSciences Montpellier (HSM), University of Montpellier, Building 39 - CC57 300, Avenue du Professeur Emile Jeanbrau, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Serge Chiron
- HydroSciences Montpellier (HSM), University of Montpellier, Building 39 - CC57 300, Avenue du Professeur Emile Jeanbrau, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandra Perez
- Environmental and Water Chemistry for Human Health (ONHEALTH), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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García-Valverde M, Cortes-Corrales L, Gómez-Ramos MM, Martínez-Bueno MJ, Fernández-Alba AR. Evaluation of chemical contamination of crops produced in greenhouse by irrigation with reclaimed water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169454. [PMID: 38123101 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Using reclaimed water for agricultural irrigation is increasing worldwide to compensate for water scarcity. The aim of this work was to evaluate the uptake of some of the most commonly detected organic contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and pesticides in regenerated water in a field study. Furthermore, it was studied their distribution and accumulation in the different parts of a crop (soil, plant and fruit). Three crops (cucumber, pepper and melon) were grown under controlled agronomic conditions in a greenhouse. In order to make an accurate evaluation of the process, "regenerated blank water" was spiked with 70 chemicals (including antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, analgesics, anaesthetics, anxiolytics, anticonvulsants, pesticides) at environmental concentrations (∼1 μg/L) and used for continuous crop irrigation. After crop season, the average total concentration of contaminants detected in the soil samples ranged from 132 to 232 μg/kg d.w depending of the crops type. Between 7 and 10 different contaminants were found in the harvested fruits, up to levels of 27.8 μg/kg f.w. cucumber, 12.4 μg/kg f.w. melon and 7.8 μg/kg f.w pepper. In general, cucumber fruit showed higher accumulation levels of contaminants than pepper and melon for most target analytes. The accumulation rates followed the order: root (0.2 %) < stem/leaf (1-4 %) < fruit (1-6 %) < soil (17-30 %). The experimental data obtained in this study were also used to assess the risk associated with the reuse of reclaimed water for crop irrigation as well to identify those contaminants that, due to their physicochemical properties, show higher accumulation rates and environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- M García-Valverde
- University of Almería, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - L Cortes-Corrales
- University of Almería, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M M Gómez-Ramos
- University of Almería, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M J Martínez-Bueno
- University of Almería, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - A R Fernández-Alba
- University of Almería, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
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13
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Yévenes K, Ibáñez MJ, Pokrant E, Flores A, Maturana M, Maddaleno A, Cornejo J. A Suitable HPLC-MS/MS Methodology for the Detection of Oxytetracycline, Enrofloxacin, and Sulfachloropyridazine Residues in Lettuce Plants. Foods 2024; 13:153. [PMID: 38201182 PMCID: PMC10779216 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxytetracycline (OTC), enrofloxacin (EFX), and sulfachloropyridazine (SCP) are critically important antimicrobials (AMs) in both human and veterinary medicine, where they are widely used in farm animals. Lettuce has become a matrix of choice for studying the presence of residues of these AMs in plants, as the concentrations of residues detected in lettuce can range from ng to mg. While several analytical methodologies have been developed for the purpose of detecting AMs in lettuce, these currently do not detect both the parent compound and its active metabolites or epimers, such as in the case of ciprofloxacin (CFX) and 4-epi-oxitetracycline (4-epi-OTC), which also pose a risk to public health and the environment due to their AM activity. In light of this situation, this work proposes an analytical method that was developed specifically to allow for the detection of OTC, 4-epi-OTC, EFX, CFX, and SCP in a lettuce matrix. This method uses acetonitrile, methanol, 0.5% formic acid, and McIlvaine-EDTA buffer as extraction solvents, and dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) for the clean-up. The analytes were detected using a liquid chromatography technique coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Parameters such as the specificity, linearity, recovery, precision, limit of detection, and limit (LOD) of quantification (LOQ) were calculated according to the recommendations established in the European Union decision 2021/808/EC and VICH GL2: Validation of analytical procedures. The LOQ for the analytes OTC, 4-epi-OTC, CFX, and SCP was 1 μg·kg-1, whereas for EFX, it was 5 μg·kg-1 dry weight. All calibration curves showed a coefficient of determination (R2) of >0.99. The recovery levels ranged from 93.0 to 110.5% and the precision met the acceptance criteria, with a coefficient of variation of ≤14.02%. Therefore, this methodology allows for the precise and reliable detection and quantification of these analytes. The analysis of commercial samples confirmed the suitability of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Yévenes
- Department of Preventive Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (K.Y.); (M.J.I.); (E.P.)
- Doctorate Program of Forestry, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (DCSAV), Southern Campus, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - María José Ibáñez
- Department of Preventive Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (K.Y.); (M.J.I.); (E.P.)
| | - Ekaterina Pokrant
- Department of Preventive Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (K.Y.); (M.J.I.); (E.P.)
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology (FARMAVET), Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (A.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrés Flores
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology (FARMAVET), Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (A.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Matías Maturana
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology (FARMAVET), Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (A.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Aldo Maddaleno
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology (FARMAVET), Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (A.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Javiera Cornejo
- Department of Preventive Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (K.Y.); (M.J.I.); (E.P.)
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology (FARMAVET), Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (A.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.)
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14
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Bhattacharjee AS, Phan D, Zheng C, Ashworth D, Schmidt M, Men Y, Ferreira JFS, Muir G, Hasan NA, Ibekwe AM. Dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes through soil-plant-earthworm continuum in the food production environment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108374. [PMID: 38101104 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Treated municipal wastewater (TMW) can provide a reliable source of irrigation water for crops, which is especially important in arid areas where water resources are limited or prone to drought. Nonetheless, TMW may contain residual antibiotics, potentially exposing the crops to these substances. The goal of this study was to investigate the dissemination of antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) in the soil-plant-earthworm continuum after irrigation of spinach and radish plants with TMW containing trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfapyridine in a greenhouse experiment, followed by feeding of earthworms with harvested plant materials. Our results showed that antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were enriched in the soil-plant-earthworm microbiomes irrigated with TMW and TMW spiked with higher concentrations of antibiotics. The number of ARGs and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) enrichment varied with plant type, with spinach harboring a significantly higher amount of ARGs and ARB compared to radish. Our data showed that bulk and rhizosphere soils of spinach and radish plants irrigated with MilliQ water, TMW, TMW10, or TMW100 had significant differences in bacterial community (p < 0.001), ARG (p < 0.001), and virulence factor gene (VFG) (p < 0.001) diversities. The abundance of ARGs significantly decreased from bulk soil to rhizosphere to phyllosphere and endosphere. Using metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs), we recovered many bacterial MAGs and a near complete genome (>90 %) of bacterial MAG of genus Leclercia adecarboxylata B from the fecal microbiome of earthworm that was fed harvested radish tubers and spinach leaves grown on TMW10 irrigated waters, and this bacterium has been shown to be an emerging pathogen causing infection in immunocompromised patients that may lead to health complications and death. Therefore, crops irrigated with TMW containing residual antibiotics and ARGs may lead to increased incidences of enrichment of ARB in the soil-plant-earthworm continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda S Bhattacharjee
- US Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Duc Phan
- US Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Chujing Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Daniel Ashworth
- US Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Michael Schmidt
- US Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Yujie Men
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Jorge F S Ferreira
- US Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | | | - Nur A Hasan
- EzBiome, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Abasiofiok M Ibekwe
- US Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA.
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15
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Verlicchi P, Lacasa E, Grillini V. Quantitative and qualitative approaches for CEC prioritization when reusing reclaimed water for irrigation needs - A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165735. [PMID: 37495137 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of reclaimed water for irrigation is an option that is becoming increasingly widespread to alleviate water scarcity and to cope with drought. However, reclaimed water, if used for irrigation, may introduce Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) into the agroecosystems, which may be taken up by the crops and subsequently enter the food chain. The number of CECs is steadily increasing due to their continuous introduction on the market for different uses. There is an urgent need to draw up a short list of potential high priority CECs, which are substances that could be taken up by plants and accumulated in food produce, and/or that could have negative effects on human health and the environment. This review presents and discusses the approaches developed to prioritize CECs when reclaimed water is (re-)used for irrigation. They are divided into quantitative methodologies, which estimate the risk for environmental compartments (soil and water), predators and humans through equations, and qualitative methodologies, which are instead conceptual frameworks or procedures based on the simultaneous combination of data/information/practices with the judgment of experts. Three antibiotics (erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin), one estrogen (17-α ethinylestradiol) and one analgesic (ibuprofen) were found on at least two priority lists, although comparison among studies is still difficult. The review remarks that it is advisable to harmonize the different methodologies in order to identify the priority CECs to include in monitoring programs in reclaimed water reuse projects and to ensure a high level of protection for humans and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Verlicchi
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, Ferrara 44122, Italy.
| | - Engracia Lacasa
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, Ferrara 44122, Italy; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete 02071, Spain.
| | - Vittoria Grillini
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, Ferrara 44122, Italy.
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16
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Sunyer-Caldú A, Quintana G, Diaz-Cruz MS. Factors driving PPCPs uptake by crops after wastewater irrigation and human health implications. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116923. [PMID: 37598843 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Currently, water scarcity affects more than three billion people. Nevertheless, the volume of treated wastewater discharged into the environment is estimated to exceed 100 m3 per inhabitant/year. These water resources are regularly used in agriculture worldwide to overcome water shortages. Such a practice, however, entails the uptake of waterborne pollutants, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), by crops and their further access to the food web, constituting an additional route of human exposure to PPCPs, with potential health outcomes. In this study, the occurrence of 56 PPCPs in tomatoes, lettuce, and carrot, together with soil and irrigation water, was evaluated using a QuEChERS-based methodology for extraction and LC-MS/MS for analysis. The influence of the selected cultivation conditions on the plant uptake levels of PPCPs was assessed. Two irrigation water qualities (secondary and tertiary treatment effluents), two soil compositions (sandy and clayey), two irrigation systems (dripping and sprinkling), and three crop types (lettuce, tomato, and carrot) were tested. Carrots showed the highest load of PPCPs (7787 ng/g dw), followed by tomatoes (1692 ng/g dw) and lettuces (1248 ng/g dw). The most translocated PPCPs were norfluoxetine (fluoxetine antidepressant main metabolite) (521 ng/g dw), and the anti-inflammatory diclofenac (360 ng/g dw). Nine PPCPs, are reported to be accumulated in crops for the first time. Water quality was the most important factor for reducing PPCPs' plant uptake. Overall, the best conditions for reducing PPCP uptake by crops were irrigation with reclaimed water by sprinkling in soils with higher clay content. The risk assessment performed revealed that the crops' consumption posed no risk to human health. This study serves as the first comprehensive assessment of the relevance of diverse cultivation factors on PPCPs' plant uptake under field agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Sunyer-Caldú
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) Severo Ochoa Excellence Center, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Environmental Science (ACES, Exposure & Effects), Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Gerard Quintana
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) Severo Ochoa Excellence Center, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Silvia Diaz-Cruz
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) Severo Ochoa Excellence Center, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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17
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Nguyen MK, Lin C, Nguyen HL, Hung NTQ, La DD, Nguyen XH, Chang SW, Chung WJ, Nguyen DD. Occurrence, fate, and potential risk of pharmaceutical pollutants in agriculture: Challenges and environmentally friendly solutions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165323. [PMID: 37422238 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) have attained global prevalence. The behavior of PhACs in agricultural soils is complex and depends on several factors, such as the nature of the compounds and their physicochemical characteristics, which affect their fate and potential threats to human health, ecosystems, and the environment. The detection of residual pharmaceutical content is possible in both agricultural soils and environmental matrices. PhACs are commonly found in agricultural soil, with concentrations varying significantly, ranging from as low as 0.048 ng g-1 to as high as 1420.76 mg kg-1. The distribution and persistence of PhACs in agriculture can lead to the leaching of these toxic pollutants into surface water, groundwater, and vegetables/plants, resulting in human health risks and environmental pollution. Biological degradation or bioremediation plays a critical role in environmental protection and efficiently eliminates contamination by hydrolytic and/or photochemical reactions. Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have been investigated as the most recent approach for the treatment of emerging persistent micropollutants, including PhACs, from wastewater sources. MBR- based technologies have proven to be effective in eliminating pharmaceutical compounds, achieving removal rates of up to 100%. This remarkable outcome is primarily facilitated by the processes of biodegradation and metabolization. In addition, phytoremediation (i.e., constructed wetlands), microalgae-based technologies, and composting can be highly efficient in remediating PhACs in the environment. The exploration of key mechanisms involved in pharmaceutical degradation has revealed a range of approaches, such as phytoextraction, phytostabilization, phytoaccumulation, enhanced rhizosphere biodegradation, and phytovolatilization. The well-known advanced/tertiary removal of sustainable sorption by biochar, activated carbon, chitosan, etc. has high potential and yields excellent quality effluents. Adsorbents developed from agricultural by-products have been recognized to eliminate pharmaceutical compounds and are cost-effective and eco-friendly. However, to reduce the potentially harmful impacts of PhACs, it is necessary to focus on advanced technologies combined with tertiary processes that have low cost, high efficiency, and are energy-saving to remove these emerging pollutants for sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh-Ky Nguyen
- Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nong Lam University, Hamlet 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc Dist., Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Chitsan Lin
- Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Hoang-Lam Nguyen
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nguyen Tri Quang Hung
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nong Lam University, Hamlet 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc Dist., Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - D Duong La
- Institute of Chemistry and Materials, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - X Hoan Nguyen
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - S Woong Chang
- Department of Civil & Energy System Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, South Korea
| | - W Jin Chung
- Department of Civil & Energy System Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, South Korea
| | - D Duc Nguyen
- Department of Civil & Energy System Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, South Korea; Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, HCM City 755414, Viet Nam.
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18
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Zheng X, Zhong Z, Xu Y, Lin X, Cao Z, Yan Q. Response of heavy-metal and antibiotic resistance genes and their related microbe in rice paddy irrigated with treated municipal wastewaters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165249. [PMID: 37406708 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Paddy irrigation with secondary effluents from municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTPs) is a well-established practice to alleviate water scarcity. However, the reuse might lead to more complicated contamination caused by interactions between residual antibiotics in effluents and heavy metals in paddy soil. To date, no information is available for the potential effects of dual stress of heavy metals and antibiotics on heavy-metal resistance genes (MRGs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Here, this study investigated the response of heavy metal and antibiotic resistance genes, and related microorganisms to the dual threat of antibiotics and heavy metals under the long-term MWTP effluent irrigation for rice paddy using metagenome. The results showed that there was not a negative effect on rice consumption if MWTP effluent was used to irrigate rice for a long time. The concentration of antibiotics could reshape the ARGs and MRG profiles in rice paddy soil. The findings revealed the co-occurrence of ARGs and MRGs in rice paddy soils, thus highlighting the need for simultaneous elimination of antibiotics and heavy metals to effectively reduce ARGs and MRGs. Acn and sul1 genes encoding Iron and sulfonamides resistance mechanisms are the most abundant MRG and ARG, respectively. Network analysis revealed the possibility that IntI1 plays a role in the co-transmission of MRG and ARG to host microbes, and that Proteobacteria are the most dominant hosts for MRG, ARG, and integrons. The presence of antibiotics in irrigated MWTP effluents has been found to stimulate the proliferation of heavy metal and antibiotic resistances by altering soil microbial communities. This study will enhance our comprehension of the co-selection between ARGs and MRGs, as well as reveal the concealed environmental impacts of combined pollution. The obtained results have important implications for food safety and human health in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zheng
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China; Rice Product Quality Inspection and Supervision Testing Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Zhengzheng Zhong
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Yuan Xu
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China; Rice Product Quality Inspection and Supervision Testing Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China; Rice Product Quality Inspection and Supervision Testing Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Zhaoyun Cao
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China; Rice Product Quality Inspection and Supervision Testing Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Qing Yan
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China; Rice Product Quality Inspection and Supervision Testing Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China.
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19
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Lei Y, Hou J, Fang C, Tian Y, Naidu R, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zeng Z, Cheng Z, He J, Tian D, Deng S, Shen F. Ultrasound-based advanced oxidation processes for landfill leachate treatment: Energy consumption, influences, mechanisms and perspectives. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115366. [PMID: 37573610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on ultrasound (US) have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to its advantages in the degradation of landfill leachate. The review summarizes the existing treatment methods of leachate from lab-scale, compares their advantages and disadvantages by focusing on the degradation of emerging contaminants (ECs) in the leachate. Then the US-based AOPs are introduced emphatically, including their degradation mechanisms, influencing factors, energy consumption, further optimization methods as well as the possibility of field-scale application are systematically described. Moreover, this review also expounds on the advantages of dual-frequency US (DFUS) technology compared with single-frequency US, and a theoretically feasible DFUS process is proposed to treat ECs in the leachate. Finally, suggestions and prospects for US technologies in treating landfill leachate are put forward to aid future research on landfill leachate treatment. Meaningfully, this manuscript will provide reference values of US-based technologies in landfill leachate treatment for the practical use, facilitating the development of US-based AOPs in landfill leachate management and disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjia Lei
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jiajie Hou
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhenxing Zeng
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhang Cheng
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jinsong He
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Dong Tian
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shihuai Deng
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Fei Shen
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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20
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Denora M, Candido V, Brunetti G, De Mastro F, Murgolo S, De Ceglie C, Salerno C, Gatta G, Giuliani MM, Mehmeti A, Bartholomeus RP, Perniola M. Uptake and accumulation of emerging contaminants in processing tomato irrigated with tertiary treated wastewater effluent: a pilot-scale study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1238163. [PMID: 37692419 PMCID: PMC10484752 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1238163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The reuse of treated wastewater for crop irrigation is vital in water-scarce semi-arid regions. However, concerns arise regarding emerging contaminants (ECs) that persist in treated wastewater and may accumulate in irrigated crops, potentially entering the food chain and the environment. This pilot-scale study conducted in southern Italy focused on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv Taylor F1) irrigated with treated wastewater to investigate EC uptake, accumulation, and translocation processes. The experiment spanned from June to September 2021 and involved three irrigation strategies: conventional water (FW), treated wastewater spiked with 10 target contaminants at the European average dose (TWWx1), and tertiary WWTP effluent spiked with the target contaminants at a triple dose (TWWx3). The results showed distinct behavior and distribution of ECs between the TWWx1 and TWWx3 strategies. In the TWWx3 strategy, clarithromycin, carbamazepine, metoprolol, fluconazole, and climbazole exhibited interactions with the soil-plant system, with varying degradation rates, soil accumulation rates, and plant accumulation rates. In contrast, naproxen, ketoprofen, diclofenac, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim showed degradation. These findings imply that some ECs may be actively taken up by plants, potentially introducing them into the food chain and raising concerns for humans and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Denora
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, University of Basilicata, Via Lanera, Matera, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Candido
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, University of Basilicata, Via Lanera, Matera, Italy
| | - Gennaro Brunetti
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Science, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco De Mastro
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Science, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Sapia Murgolo
- Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Cristina De Ceglie
- Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Salerno
- Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gatta
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marcella Michela Giuliani
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Andi Mehmeti
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, University of Basilicata, Via Lanera, Matera, Italy
- Mediterranean Agronomic Insitute of Bari (CIHEAM Bari), Valenzano, Italy
| | - Ruud P. Bartholomeus
- KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Michele Perniola
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, University of Basilicata, Via Lanera, Matera, Italy
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21
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Dolu T, Nas B. Dissemination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and metabolites from wastewater treatment plant to soils and agricultural crops via real-scale different agronomic practices. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 227:115731. [PMID: 36958380 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the most consumed pharmaceutical subgroups across the world is nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, the dissemination of these compounds to the natural environments through agronomic practices is a serious global problem. The hypothesis of this study is to reveal the transition of selected NSAIDs, paracetamol (PAR), diclofenac (DCF), ibuprofen (IBU), and naproxen (NAP) together with six main metabolites, detected in raw/treated wastewater (RWW/TWW) and sewage sludge generated in an urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to soils and agricultural crops (corn, barley, sunflower, and sugar beet) through two widely applied agronomic practices, irrigation with TWW and application of sewage sludge as soil amendment. In other words, the cycles of 10 NSAIDs have been evaluated by simultaneously monitoring their concentrations in RWW/TWW, sewage sludge, soils, and crops. It was determined that the parent compounds and detected metabolites were treated at quite higher removal efficiencies (93.4 - >99.9%) in the studied WWTP, while DCF was eliminated poorly (7.9-52.2%). However, although it changes seasonally for some compounds, it was determined that the concentrations of almost all investigated NSAIDs increased at the determined irrigation points in the discharge channel (DC) where agricultural irrigations were performed. Apart from that, DCF, NAP, and 2-hydroxyibuprofen (2-OH-IBU) were always detected in sewage sludge seasonally up to about 20.5, 11.3, and 3.7 ng/g, respectively. While 2-OH-IBU was determined as the dominant metabolite in RWW, TWW, and sewage sludge, the metabolite of 1-hydroxyibuprofen (1-OH-IBU) was determined as the dominant compound in soils. Although 1-OH-IBU was not detected in TWW and sewage sludge in any season, detecting this metabolite as a common compound in all investigated soils (up to 60.1 ng/kg) reveals that this compound is the primary transformation product of IBU in soils. It was observed that at least one of the metabolites of IBU (1-OH-IBU and/or 2-OH-IBU) was detected in all plants grown (up to 0.75 ng/g), especially during the periods when both agricultural practices were applied. In addition, the detection of 1-OH-IBU with increasing concentrations from root to shoots in corn grown as a result of both agronomic practices shows that this compound has a high translocation potential in the corn plant. Apart from this, it was determined that PAR was detected in corn (up to 43.3 ng/kg) and barley (up to 16.8 ng/kg) within the scope of irrigation with TWW, and NAP was detected in sugar beet (up to 11.2 ng/kg) through sewage sludge application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylan Dolu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Bilgehan Nas
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey.
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22
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La Manna P, De Carluccio M, Iannece P, Vigliotta G, Proto A, Rizzo L. Chelating agents supported solar photo-Fenton and sunlight/H 2O 2 processes for pharmaceuticals removal and resistant pathogens inactivation in quaternary treatment for urban wastewater reuse. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131235. [PMID: 36948125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Fe3+-iminodisuccinic acid (Fe:IDS) based solar photo Fenton (SPF), an Italian patented method, was investigated in quaternary treatment of real urban wastewater and compared to Fe3+-ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (Fe:EDDS) for the first time. Three pharmaceuticals (PCs) (sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine and trimethoprim) and four pathogens (Escherichia coli, somatic and F-plus coliphages, Clostridium perfringens, consistently with the new EU regulation for wastewater reuse (2020/741)), were chosen as target pollutants. SPF with Fe:EDDS was more effective in PCs removal (80%, 10 kJ L-1) than the SPF with Fe:IDS (58%), possibly due to the higher capability of generating hydroxyl radicals. On the contrary, Fe:IDS was more effective (4.3 log inactivation for E. coli) than Fe:EDDS (1.9 log) in pathogens inactivation, possibly due to a lower iron precipitation and turbidity which finally promoted an improved intracellular photo-Fenton mechanism. Fe:L based SPF was subsequently coupled to sunlight/H2O2. Interestingly, while its combination with Fe:EDDS based SPF slightly increased disinfectant efficacy (2.3 vs 1.9 log inactivation for E. coli), the combination with Fe:IDS decreased inactivation efficiency (3.4 vs 4.3 log reduction). In conclusion, due to the good compromise between PCs removal and disinfection efficiency, Fe:IDS SPF alone is an attractive option for quaternary treatment for urban wastewater reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pellegrino La Manna
- Water Science and Tecnology group (WaSTe), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Marco De Carluccio
- Water Science and Tecnology group (WaSTe), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Patrizia Iannece
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vigliotta
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Antonio Proto
- Environmental Chemistry Group (ECG), Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Luigi Rizzo
- Water Science and Tecnology group (WaSTe), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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23
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Xiao R, Huang D, Du L, Song B, Yin L, Chen Y, Gao L, Li R, Huang H, Zeng G. Antibiotic resistance in soil-plant systems: A review of the source, dissemination, influence factors, and potential exposure risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 869:161855. [PMID: 36708845 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging environmental contaminant, the widespread of antibiotic resistance has caused a series of environmental issues and human health concerns. A load of antibiotic residues induced by agricultural practices have exerted selective pressure to bacterial communities in the soil-plant system, which facilitated the occurrence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) through horizontal gene transfer. As a result, the enrichment of ARGs within crops at harvest under the influence of food ingestion could lead to critical concerns of public health. In this review, the prevalence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance in the soil-plant system are highlighted. Moreover, different underlying mechanisms and detection methods for ARGs transfer between the soil environment and plant compartments are summarized and discussed. On the other hand, a wide range of influencing factors for the transfer and distribution of antibiotic resistance within the soil-plant system are also presented and discussed. In response to exposure of antibiotic residues and resistomes, corresponding hazard identification assessments have been summarized, which could provide beneficial guides of the toxicological tolerance for the general population. Finally, further research priorities for detection and management ARGs spread are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihao Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Danlian Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - Li Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Biao Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Lingshi Yin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yashi Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Lan Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Ruijin Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Hai Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
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24
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Kovačič A, Andreasidou E, Brus A, Vehar A, Potočnik D, Hudobivnik MJ, Heath D, Pintar M, Maršič NK, Ogrinc N, Blaznik U, Heath E. Contaminant uptake in wastewater irrigated tomatoes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130964. [PMID: 36860048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As population growth and climate change add to the problem of water scarcity in many regions, the argument for using treated wastewater for irrigation is becoming increasingly compelling, which makes understanding the risks associated with the uptake of harmful chemicals by crops crucial. In this study, the uptake of 14 chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) and 27 potentially toxic elements (PTEs) was studied in tomatoes grown in soil-less (hydroponically) and soil (lysimeters) media irrigated with potable and treated wastewater using LC-MS/MS and ICP-MS. Bisphenol S, 2,4 bisphenol F, and naproxen were detected in fruits irrigated with spiked potable water and wastewater under both conditions, with BPS having the highest concentration (0.034-0.134 µg kg-1 f. w.). The levels of all three compounds were statistically more significant in tomatoes grown hydroponically (<LOQ - 0.137 µg kg-1 f. w.) than in soil (<LOQ - 0.083 µg kg-1 f. w.). Their elemental composition shows differences between tomatoes grown hydroponically or in soil and tomatoes irrigated with wastewater and potable water. Contaminants at determined levels showed low dietary chronic exposure. When the health-based guidance values for the studied CECs are determined, results from this study will be helpful for risk assessors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Kovačič
- Department of Environmental science, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia; International Postgraduate School Jožef Stefan, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Eirini Andreasidou
- Department of Environmental science, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia; International Postgraduate School Jožef Stefan, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Anže Brus
- Department of Environmental science, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Anja Vehar
- Department of Environmental science, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia; International Postgraduate School Jožef Stefan, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Doris Potočnik
- Department of Environmental science, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Marta Jagodic Hudobivnik
- Department of Environmental science, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - David Heath
- Department of Environmental science, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Marina Pintar
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, Ljubljaan 1000, Slovenia
| | - Nina Kacjan Maršič
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, Ljubljaan 1000, Slovenia
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental science, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia; International Postgraduate School Jožef Stefan, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Urška Blaznik
- Environmental Health Centre, National Institute of Public Health, Trubarjeva 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Ester Heath
- Department of Environmental science, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia; International Postgraduate School Jožef Stefan, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
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25
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Kunene PN, Mahlambi PN. Case study on antiretroviral drugs uptake from soil irrigated with contaminated water: Bio-accumulation and bio-translocation to roots, stem, leaves, and fruits. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:121004. [PMID: 36608725 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the potential of uptake of the commonly used antiretroviral drugs (ARVDs) in South Africa (abacavir, nevirapine, and efavirenz) by vegetable plants (beetroot, spinach, and tomato) from contaminated soil culture. The study results showed that all the studied vegetables have the potential to take up abacavir, nevirapine, and efavirenz from contaminated soil, be absorbed by the root, and translocate them to the aerial part of the plants. The total percentage of ARVDs found in the individual plant was mainly attributed to abacavir which contributed 53% in beetroot and 48% in spinach, while efavirenz (42%) was the main contributor in tomato. Abacavir was found at high concentrations to a maximum of 40.21 μg/kg in the spinach root, 18.43 μg/kg in the spinach stem, and 6.77 μg/kg in the spinach soil, while efavirenz was the highest concentrations, up to 35.44 μg/kg in tomato leaves and 8.86 μg/kg in tomato fruits. Spinach roots accumulated more ARVDs than beetroot and tomato however, the concentrations were not statistically different. Hydrophobicity was the main effect on the linearity, accumulation, and translocation of ARVDs. This study advances knowledge on the fate of ARVDs in agroecosystems, particularly in plant root - ARVD interaction and the resulting potentially toxic effects on plants. These results suggest that the quality of water used for crop irrigation needs to be assessed prior to irrigation to avoid vegetable plant pollution as contaminated water results in the contaminants uptake by plants. This may lead to the transfer of pollutants to the edible crops parts of and thus be unintentionally consumed by humans. More studies need to be continuously conducted to evaluate ARVDs bioaccumulation and their mechanism of uptake by other vegetables. The use of the pot-plant system can be recommended because it closely relates to the agricultural world.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Kunene
- Department of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
| | - P N Mahlambi
- Department of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa.
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26
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García-Valverde M, Aragonés AM, Andújar JAS, García MDG, Martínez-Bueno MJ, Fernández-Alba AR. Long-term effects on the agroecosystem of using reclaimed water on commercial crops. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160462. [PMID: 36435246 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of reclaimed water for crop irrigation has been proposed as a suitable alternative for farmers in the coastal areas of Mediterranean countries, which suffer from greater water scarcity. In this work we study the impact on the water-soil-plant continuum of using reclaimed water for commercial crops irrigated over a long period, as well as the human risks associated with consuming the vegetables produced. Forty-four CECs were identified in the reclaimed water used for crop irrigation. Of these, twenty-four CECs were identified in the irrigated soil samples analysed. Tramadol, ofloxacin, tonalide, gemfibrozil, atenolol, caffeine, and cetirizine were the pharmaceuticals detected at the highest levels in the water samples (between 11 and 44 μg/L). The CECs with the highest average soil concentrations were tramadol (14.6 μg/kg), followed by cetirizine (13.2 μg/kg) and clarithromycin (12.7 μg/kg). In the irrigated vegetable samples analysed over the study period, carbamazepine, lidocaine, and caffeine were only detected at levels from 0.1 to 1.7 μg/kg. The CEC accumulation rate detected in the edible parts of the vegetables permanently irrigated with reclaimed water was very low (~1 %), whereas it was 33 % in the soils. The results revealed that consuming fruits harvested from plants irrigated for a long period with reclaimed water does not represent a risk to human health, opening the door to a circular economy of water. Nevertheless, for crop irrigation, future studies need to be conducted over longer periods and in other matrices to provide more scientific data on the safety of using reclaimed water.
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Affiliation(s)
- M García-Valverde
- University of Almería, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A M Aragonés
- University of Almería, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - J A Salinas Andújar
- University of Almería, Department of Engineering, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M D Gil García
- University of Almería, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M J Martínez-Bueno
- University of Almería, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - A R Fernández-Alba
- University of Almería, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
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27
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Mohy-U-Din N, Farhan M, Wahid A, Ciric L, Sharif F. Human health risk estimation of antibiotics transferred from wastewater and soil to crops. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:20601-20614. [PMID: 36255570 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23412-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics enter into agricultural land, via manure application or wastewater irrigation. The practices of using untreated wastewater in the agricultural system help in the bioaccumulation of antibiotics in vegetables and other crops. Exposure to the bioaccumulated antibiotics poses serious health risks to ecosystem and human. In this study, the prevalence of two fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin), their bioaccumulation in five crops (Daucus carota L., Pisum sativum L., Raphanus raphanistrum L., Lactuca sativa L., Spinacia oleracea L.), and associated human health risks were investigated. Lettuce showed highest bioaccumulation of levofloxacin (LEV) (12.66 μg kg-1) and carrot showed high bioaccumulation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) (13.01 μg kg-1). In roots, bioconcentration factor (BCFroot) was observed to be relatively high in radish (LEV 0.24-0.43, CIP 0.32-0.49) and observed to be lower in spinach (LEV 0.05-0.13, CIP 0.12-0.19). The translocation factor (TF) for LEV and CIP was generally >1 for all five crops under all treatment. The final transfer and distribution of LEV and CIP in the edible parts of the crops were as follows: leaves > shoots > roots for both antibiotics. Risk quotient of both LEV and CIP in current study is found to be in between 0.018 and 0.557 and shows a medium risk (0.1 to 1) to human health due the discharge of untreated wastewater into the fields. However, our study reports that both antibiotics do accumulate in the edible plant parts; therefore, it poses potential risks to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazish Mohy-U-Din
- Sustainable Development Study Center, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Healthy Infrastructure Research Group, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - Muhammad Farhan
- Sustainable Development Study Center, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Wahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Lena Ciric
- Healthy Infrastructure Research Group, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - Faiza Sharif
- Sustainable Development Study Center, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Li Y, Feng T, Mou L, Ou G, Hu D, Zhang Y. Identification and Quantification of Dimethachlon Degradation Products in Soils and Their Effects on Soil Enzyme Activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1852-1861. [PMID: 36648153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS, Q-Exactive Orbitrap) and Compound Discoverer 3.3 were used to screen dimethachlon degradation products in soils. Four metabolites 4-(3,5-dichloroanilino)-4-oxobutanoic acid (DCBAA), 3,5-dichloroaniline (3,5-DCA), succinic acid, and muconic acid were confirmed by primary and secondary ion mass spectrometry comparisons between standards and samples. A quantitative analysis method of dimethachlon residues and four metabolites in soils was developed using HPLC-HRMS. Dimethachlon degradation in agricultural soil indoor unsterilized, sterilized, and field environments in three typical areas was measured. Dimethachlon degraded fast with a half-life of less than 1 day in three nonsterile soils. The maximum DCBAA and 3,5-DCA residues during degradation could reach 22.5-35.2% of the initial concentration of the parent dimethachlon. The metabolite DCBAA had a greater impact on soil enzyme activity than the parent dimethachlon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfang Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang550025, P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Feng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang550025, P. R. China
| | - Lianhong Mou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang550025, P. R. China
| | - Guipeng Ou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang550025, P. R. China
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang550025, P. R. China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang550025, P. R. China
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Zhang L, Bai J, Zhang K, Wang Y, Xiao R, Campos M, Acuña J, Jorquera MA. Occurrence, bioaccumulation and ecological risks of antibiotics in the water-plant-sediment systems in different functional areas of the largest shallow lake in North China: Impacts of river input and historical agricultural activities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159260. [PMID: 36208765 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used and ubiquitous in the environment, which in turn poses potential threat to human health. However, the effects of agricultural activities and river input on the fate and ecological risks of antibiotics in shallow lake are still poorly understood. Surface water, overlying water and pore water, sediments and aquatic plant samples in the historical planting subarea (PA), historical aquaculture subarea (AU), inflow subarea (IW), discharge subarea (DC), and conservation subarea (CK) of Baiyangdian Lake were collected and analyzed. Our results revealed that the total antibiotic concentrations ranged from 85.33 ng/L to 1631.47 ng/L in waters and from 66.90 ng/g to 177.03 ng/g in sediments. Generally, the total antibiotic concentrations introduced by planting activity in surface water, overlying water and sediments were higher and the levels of total antibiotics in pore water were more affected by river input. In addition, three quinolones (QNs) and two tetracyclines (TCs) were dominant antibiotics in almost five subareas. The pseudo-partitioning coefficient kd(pw) and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of antibiotics varied according to the effects of river input and historical agricultural activities. The ecological risk (RQ) of antibiotics from agricultural activities was higher than that from river input. The norfloxacin (NOR) in pore water showed high RQ, which contributed to a large proportion (>50 %) of the combined ecological risks (∑RQs) except for surface water. Therefore, NOR should be used as the primary ecological risk control index for antibiotic contamination management in the BYD. ∑RQs showed high risk in water in the five subareas. This study can act as a reference for governments to formulate effective management strategies for protecting the ecological health of lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
| | - Junhong Bai
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Kegang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Marco Campos
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jacquelinne Acuña
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Milko A Jorquera
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Musial J, Mlynarczyk DT, Stanisz BJ. Photocatalytic degradation of sulfamethoxazole using TiO 2-based materials - Perspectives for the development of a sustainable water treatment technology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159122. [PMID: 36183772 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous photocatalysis using titanium dioxide-based materials is considered a promising and innovative solution to the water pollution problem. However, due to the limitations concerning the use of the developed materials and the applied photodegradation conditions, the research on photoremediation using TiO2 often stays behind the lab door. The challenge is to convert the basic research into a successful innovation, leading to the implementation of this process into wastewater treatment. For this purpose, the most active materials and optimal photodegradation conditions must be chosen. This article collects and compares the studies on photocatalytic degradation of an emerging pollutant - sulfamethoxazole, an antibacterial drug - and attempts to find the best approaches to be successfully applied on an industrial scale. Various types of TiO2-based photocatalysts are compared, including different nanoforms, doped or polymer-based composites, composites with graphene, activated carbon, dyes or natural compounds, as well as possible supporting materials for TiO2. The paper covers the impact of the irradiation source (natural sunlight, LED, mercury or xenon lamps) and water matrix on the photodegradation process, considering the ecological and economic sustainability of the process. Emphasis is put on the stability, ease of separation and reuse of the photocatalyst, power and safety of the irradiation source, identification of photodegradation intermediates and toxicity assays. The main approaches are critically discussed, main challenges and perspectives for an effective photocatalytic water treatment technology are pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Musial
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dariusz T Mlynarczyk
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Beata J Stanisz
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland.
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Li Y, Liu H, Xing W, Wang J, Fan H. Effects of irrigation water quality on the presence of pharmaceutical and personal care products in topsoil and vegetables in greenhouses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:13726-13738. [PMID: 36136194 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22753-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment has harmful effects on humans and the ecosystem. Reclaimed water irrigation may introduce PPCPs into the agricultural system. Here, a greenhouse experiment investigated the impact of reclaimed water irrigation on PPCP levels in the edible parts of vegetables and topsoil in the North China Plain in 2015 and 2016. Three treatment protocols were applied to each vegetable: irrigation with reclaimed water, irrigation with groundwater, and mixed irrigation with groundwater and reclaimed water (1:1, v/v). The total concentrations of 10 PPCPs in the topsoil (0-20 cm deep) and vegetables were 4.06-19.0 and 2.33-189 μg/kg, respectively. Among the target PPCPs, acetyl-sulfamethoxazole (AC-SMX) had the highest concentration in both soil and vegetables (0.23-10.8 and 1.56-116 μg/kg, respectively). The total concentration of the 10 PPCPs among cabbage, cauliflower, carrot, and cucumber were 13.1-28.1, 10.3-28.3, 2.33-4.04, and 110-189 μg/kg, respectively. The total hazard quotients for the mixture of target PPCPs across all vegetables were 0.0007 and 0.0003 for toddlers and adults, respectively. Compared with groundwater irrigation, reclaimed water irrigation did not evidently affect the vegetable yields, soil-vegetable PPCP concentrations, and BCFs. In this study, we found no potential hazard to human health when people consumed vegetables grown using reclaimed water irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Honglu Liu
- Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Beijing Engineering Technique Research Center for Exploration and Utilization of Non-Conventional Water Resources and Water Use Efficiency, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Weimin Xing
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing, 100048, China
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Zhang H, Wang XC, Zheng Y, Dzakpasu M. Removal of pharmaceutical active compounds in wastewater by constructed wetlands: Performance and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116478. [PMID: 36272291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) in aquatic environments is a cause for concern due to potential adverse effects on human and ecosystem health. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are cost-efficient and sustainable wastewater treatment systems for the removal of these PhACs. The removal processes and mechanisms comprise a complex interplay of photodegradation, biodegradation, phytoremediation, and sorption. This review synthesized the current knowledge on CWs for the removal of 20 widely detected PhACs in wastewater. In addition, the major removal mechanisms and influencing factors are discussed, enabling comprehensive and critical understanding for optimizing the removal of PhACs in CWs. Consequently, potential strategies for intensifying CWs system performance for PhACs removal are discussed. Overall, the results of this review showed that CWs performance in the elimination of some pharmaceuticals was on a par with conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and, for others, it was above par. Furthermore, the findings indicated that system design, operational, and environmental factors played important but highly variable roles in the removal of pharmaceuticals. Nonetheless, although CWs were proven to be a more cost-efficient and sustainable technology for pharmaceuticals removal than other engineered treatment systems, there were still several research gaps to be addressed, mainly including the fate of a broad range of emerging contaminants in CWs, identification of specific functional microorganisms, transformation pathways of specific pharmaceuticals, assessment of transformation products and the ecotoxicity evaluation of CWs effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yucong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Mawuli Dzakpasu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China.
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Photocatalytic degradation of sulfamethoxazole with Co-CuS@TiO2 heterostructures under solar light irradiation. CATAL COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2023.106611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Maddela NR, Ramakrishnan B, Dueñas-Rivadeneira AA, Venkateswarlu K, Megharaj M. Chemicals/materials of emerging concern in farmlands: sources, crop uptake and potential human health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:2217-2236. [PMID: 36444949 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00322h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Certain chemicals/materials that are contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) have been widely detected in water bodies and terrestrial systems worldwide while other CECs occur at undetectable concentrations. The primary sources of CECs in farmlands are agricultural inputs, such as wastewater, biosolids, sewage sludge, and agricultural mulching films. The percent increase in cropland area during 1950-2016 was 30 and the rise in land use for food crops during 1960-2018 was 100-500%, implying that there could be a significant CEC burden in farmlands in the future. In fact, the alarming concentrations (μg kg-1) of certain CECs such as PBDEs, PAEs, and PFOS that occur in farmlands are 383, 35 400 and 483, respectively. Also, metal nanoparticles are reported even at the mg kg-1 level. Chronic root accumulation followed by translocation of CECs into plants results in their detectable concentrations in the final plant produce. Thus, there is a continuous flow of CECs from farmlands to agricultural produce, causing a serious threat to the terrestrial food chain. Consequently, CECs find their way to the human body directly through CEC-laden plant produce or indirectly via the meat of grazing animals. Thus, human health could be at the most critical risk since several CECs have been shown to cause cancers, disruption of endocrine and cognitive systems, maternal-foetal transfer, neurotoxicity, and genotoxicity. Overall, this comprehensive review provides updated information on contamination of chemicals/materials of concern in farmlands globally, sources for their entry, uptake by crop plants, and their likely impact on the terrestrial food chain and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Raju Maddela
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130105, Ecuador
- Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130105, Ecuador
| | | | - Alex Alberto Dueñas-Rivadeneira
- Departamento de Procesos Agroindustriales, Facultad de Ciencias Zootécnicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Av. Urbina y Che Guevara, Portoviejo, Ecuador
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu 515003, India
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), and Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
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Kunene P, Mahlambi P. Assessment of antiretroviral drugs in vegetables: Evaluation of microwave‐assisted extraction performance with and without solid‐phase extraction cleanup. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philisiwe Kunene
- Department of Chemistry University of KwaZulu‐Natal Pietermaritzburg South Africa
| | - Precious Mahlambi
- Department of Chemistry University of KwaZulu‐Natal Pietermaritzburg South Africa
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Nie E, Chen Y, Zhou X, Xu L, Zhang S, Li QX, Ye Q, Wang H. Uptake and metabolism of 14C-triclosan in celery under hydroponic system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157377. [PMID: 35843335 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As triclosan is used extensively as an antimicrobial agent, it inevitably enters agroecosystems, when sewage and treated wastewater are applied to agricultural fields. As a result, triclosan can be accumulated into crops and vegetables. Currently, limited information is available on the metabolism of triclosan in vegetables. In this study, the fate of 14C-triclosan in celery under a hydroponic system was investigated in a 30-day laboratory test. Most (97.7 %) of the 14C-triclosan accumulated in celery. The bioconcentration factors of triclosan were up to 3140 L kg-1 at day 30. The concentration of 14C-triclosan in roots (17.8 mg kg-1) was 57- and 127-fold higher than that in stems (0.31 mg kg-1) and leaves (0.14 mg kg-1), respectively, at day 30, suggesting a higher accumulation of triclosan in celery roots and negligible transport to stems and leaves. Moreover, triclosan, as well as its eight metabolites, was detected and identified in celery tissues and the growth medium using 14C-labelling and LC-Q-TOF-MS analysis methods. Phase I metabolites in the growth medium were from hydroxylation, dechlorination, nitration, and nitrosylation. Phase II metabolism was the major pathway in celery tissues. Monosaccharide, disaccharide, and sulfate conjugates of triclosan were putatively identified. The results represent an important step toward a better evaluation of the behavior of triclosan in vegetables, with notable implications for environmental and human risk assessments of triclosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enguang Nie
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sufen Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Qingfu Ye
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Gorovits R, Shteinberg M, Anfoka G, Czosnek H. Exploiting Virus Infection to Protect Plants from Abiotic Stresses: Tomato Protection by a Begomovirus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2944. [PMID: 36365396 PMCID: PMC9657025 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tomato cultivation is threatened by environmental stresses (e.g., heat, drought) and by viral infection (mainly viruses belonging to the tomato yellow leaf curl virus family-TYLCVs). Unlike many RNA viruses, TYLCV infection does not induce a hypersensitive response and cell death in tomato plants. To ensure a successful infection, TYLCV preserves a suitable cellular environment where it can reproduce. Infected plants experience a mild stress, undergo adaptation and become partially "ready" to exposure to other environmental stresses. Plant wilting and cessation of growth caused by heat and drought is suppressed by TYLCV infection, mainly by down-regulating the heat shock transcription factors, HSFA1, HSFA2, HSFB1 and consequently, the expression of HSF-regulated stress genes. In particular, TYLCV captures HSFA2 by inducing protein complexes and aggregates, thus attenuating an acute stress response, which otherwise causes plant death. Viral infection mitigates the increase in stress-induced metabolites, such as carbohydrates and amino acids, and leads to their reallocation from shoots to roots. Under high temperatures and water deficit, TYLCV induces plant cellular homeostasis, promoting host survival. Thus, this virus-plant interaction is beneficial for both partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Gorovits
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Moshe Shteinberg
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ghandi Anfoka
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al Balqa’ University, Al-Salt 10117, Jordan
| | - Henryk Czosnek
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Liu Y, Xi Y, Xie T, Liu H, Su Z, Huang Y, Xu W, Wang D, Zhang C, Li X. Enhanced removal of diclofenac via coupling Pd catalytic and microbial processes in a H 2-based membrane biofilm reactor: Performance, mechanism and biofilm microbial ecology. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135597. [PMID: 35817179 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DCF) is a most widely used anti-inflammatory drug, which has attracted worldwide attention given its low biodegradability and ecological damage, especially toxic effects on mammals including humans. In this study, a H2-based membrane biofilm reactor (H2-MBfR) was constructed with well-dispersed Pd nanoparticles generated in situ. The Pd-MBfR was applied for catalytic reductive dechlorination of DCF. In batch tests, DCF concentration had significantly effect on the rate and extent DCF removal, and NO3- had negative impact on DCF reductive dechlorination. Over 67% removal of 0.5 mg/L DCF and 99% removal of 10 mg/L NO3--N were achieved in 90 min, and the highest removal of 97% was obtained at 0.5 mg/L DCF in the absence of NO3-. Over 78 days of continuous operation, the highest steady-state removal flux of DCF was 0.0097 g/m2/d. LC-MS analysis indicated that the major product was 2-anilinephenylacetic acid (APA). Dechlorination was the main removal process of DCF mainly owing to the catalytic reduction by PdNPs, microbial reduction, and the synergistic reduction of microbial and PdNPs catalysis using direct delivery of H2. Moreover, DCF reductive Dechlorination shifted the microbial community in the biofilms and Sporomusa was responsible for DCF degradation. In summary, this work expands a remarkable feasibility of sustainable catalytic removal of DCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yanni Xi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Tanghuan Xie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Huinian Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Zhu Su
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yicai Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Weihua Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Chang Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Xin Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
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Omirou M, Stephanou C, Anastopoulos I, Philippot L, Ioannides IM. Differential response of N 2O emissions, N 2O-producing and N 2O-reducing bacteria to varying tetracycline doses in fertilized soil. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114013. [PMID: 35964670 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tetracyclines are the most widely used antibiotics worldwide. Their presence in soils could affect nutrient cycling, but our knowledge regarding how they affect soil microbial communities involved in greenhouse gas emissions is limited. The objective of the current study was to evaluate how tetracycline is affecting N2O emissions and the abundance of denitrifiers in fertilized soil. For this purpose, soil mesocosms were treated with only NH4NO3 (100 mg/kg) or NH4NO3 (100 mg/kg) plus three different doses of tetracycline (0.1, 0.5 and 2 mg/kg). Soils that did not receive tetracycline or NH4NO3 were used as controls. Nitrous oxide fluxes were monitored daily for 16 days. The total bacterial (16S rRNA), the abundance of N2O-reducing and -producing bacteria were quantified by qPCR at the end of the experiment. The application of NH4NO3 caused a significant increase of N2O emissions and AOB abundance but did not affect the abundance of denitrifiers and AOA compared to control soils. Different doses of tetracycline in fertilized soils did not mitigate these N2O emissions; instead, higher cumulative emissions were noticed in soils treated with the lowest dose. In these soils the total bacterial abundance was higher compared to soils received higher tetracycline concentration. The abundances of the N2O-producing and N2O-reducing communities were also differently affected by the addition of tetracycline, which was dose-dependent. Higher doses of tetracycline favored N2O-reducers within the total bacterial community, which could be important for mitigating N2O emissions in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Omirou
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Coralea Stephanou
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis Anastopoulos
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina,UoI, Kostakii Campus, 47040 Arta, Greece
| | - Laurent Philippot
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, AgroSup Dijon, Agroécologie, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Ioannis M Ioannides
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Zhang L, Bai J, Wang C, Wei Z, Wang Y, Zhang K, Xiao R, Jorquera MA, Acuña JJ, Campos M. Fate and ecological risks of antibiotics in water-sediment systems with cultivated and wild Phragmites australis in a typical Chinese shallow lake. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135370. [PMID: 35716710 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
River carrying antibiotics from upstream posed serious threats to receiving lake, and plants might had effects on antibiotics. Therefore, samples of waters, sediments and tissues of cultivated and wild Phragmites australis were collected to analyse antibiotics fate and ecological risks (RQs) in Zaozhadian Lake. Our results revealed that the total antibiotics showed an increasing tendency in surface/pore water and P. australis tissues and a decreasing tendency in overlying water and sediments from the lake entrance to the centre. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of two sulfonamides (SAs) and three quinolones (QNs) increased in sediments and decreased in those of erythromycin in pore water from Site 1 to Site 11. Three QNs and two tetracyclines (TCs) were dominant antibiotics in pore water/sediment and surface/overlying water respectively. Higher levels of two SAs in surface/pore water and two macrolides (MAs) in overlying/pore water and sediments were observed in the wild P. australis region, while higher values of two TCs in overlying/pore water and three QNs in sediment were observed in the cultivated P. australis region. Higher BAFs of SAs and QNs in sediments were observed in the cultivated and wild P. australis region respectively. The RQs of oxytetracycline and two MAs posed moderate risks in surface/overlying water from more than 50% of sampling sites. Norfloxacin exhibited moderate RQ and low ∑RQ levels in sediments, and showed high risk in pore water. Our findings imply that much more attention should be given to the antibiotics from river inputs and management normatives to control antibiotic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Junhong Bai
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhuoqun Wei
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Kegang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- College of Environment and Resources, FuZhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Milko A Jorquera
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jacquelinne J Acuña
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Marco Campos
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Hashemzadeh F, Ariannezhad M, Derakhshandeh SH. Evaluation of Cephalexin and Amoxicillin removal from aqueous media using activated carbon produced from Aloe vera leaf waste. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Li Y, Sallach JB, Zhang W, Boyd SA, Li H. Characterization of Plant Accumulation of Pharmaceuticals from Soils with Their Concentration in Soil Pore Water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:9346-9355. [PMID: 35738923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Predicting plant uptake of pharmaceuticals from soils is very challenging because many pharmaceuticals are ionizable compounds, which experience highly variable sorption/desorption and transformation processes in soils. This study aimed to elucidate how the equilibrium between sorbed and dissolved phases influences radish uptake of 15 pharmaceuticals from three soils with different properties. After 30 days of uptake, the accumulation of acetaminophen, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, carbadox, trimethoprim, and triclosan in radish ranked as Riddles > Capac > Spinks soil. In contrast, radish accumulation of caffeine, lincomycin, monensin, tylosin, sulfadiazine, and sulfamethoxazole exhibited the opposite order of Riddles < Capac < Spinks soil. Oxytetracycline and estrone demonstrated similar accumulation in radish grown in the three soils. Accumulation of pharmaceuticals in radish demonstrated no apparent relation with their concentration in soils. However, we identified strong positive correlation between pharmaceutical accumulation in radish and their corresponding concentration in soil pore water. These results reveal that pharmaceutical in soil pore water is the dominant fraction bioavailable to plant uptake. Relatively constant root concentration factors (RCFs) on the basis of pharmaceutical concentration in soil pore water, compared to the highly variable RCFs derived from soils, suggest that pore water-based RCF is superior for describing pharmaceutical accumulation in plants grown in soils. We recommend that pharmaceuticals in soil pore water should be evaluated and included in modeling their uptake by plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jonathan Brett Sallach
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Stephen A Boyd
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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Keerthanan S, Jayasinghe C, Bolan N, Rinklebe J, Vithanage M. Retention of sulfamethoxazole by cinnamon wood biochar and its efficacy of reducing bioavailability and plant uptake in soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134073. [PMID: 35227748 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of cinnamon wood biochar (CWBC) in adsorbing sulfamethoxazole (SUL), which alleviates bioavailability and plant uptake. Batch studies at various pH, contact times, and initial SUL loading were used to study SUL adsorption in CWBC, soil, and 2.5% CWBC amended soil. SUL mitigation from plant uptake were examined using Ipomoea aquatica at different SUL contamination levels in the soil. The kinetic results were described by pseudo-second-order with maximum adsorption capacities (Qmax) of 95.64 and 0.234 mg/g for pristine CWBC and amendment, respectively implying that chemical interactions are rate-determining stages. Hill and Toth's model described the isotherm data for pristine CWBC, soil and CWBC amended soil as Qmax of 113.44, 0.72, and 3.45 mg/g. Column data showed a great mobilization of SUL in loamy sand; however, when CWBC was added to the loamy sand, the mobilization was drastically reduced by 98.8%. The Ipomoea aquatica showed a great potential to SUL uptake and it depended on the contamination level; the SUL accumulation in plant was 9.6-13.8 and 19.1-48 mg/kg when soil was spiked with 5 and 50 mg/kg, respectively. The addition of 2.5% CWBC reduced root and shoot uptake by 30 and 95%, respectively in 5 mg/kg of SUL, whereas with 50 mg/kg of SUL, the root and shoot uptake was reduced by 60 and 61%, respectively. The current study suggested CWBC as a possible adsorbent that may be employed to reduce SUL bioavailability in environmental matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Keerthanan
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Chamila Jayasinghe
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Livestock, Fisheries and Nutrition, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka. Makandura, Gonawila, Sri Lanka
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, M079, Perth WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Institute of Soil Engineering, Waste- and Water Science, Faculty of Architecture und Civil Engineering, University of Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka.
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Ben Mordechay E, Mordehay V, Tarchitzky J, Chefetz B. Fate of contaminants of emerging concern in the reclaimed wastewater-soil-plant continuum. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153574. [PMID: 35114239 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reclaimed wastewater irrigation, a common agricultural practice in water-scarce regions, chronically exposes the agricultural environment to a wide range of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) including pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Here we provide new data and insights into the processes governing the translocation of CECs in the irrigation water-soil-plant continuum based on a comprehensive dataset from 445 commercial fields irrigated with reclaimed wastewater. We report on CEC exposures in irrigation water, soils, and edible produce (leafy greens, carrots, potatoes, bananas, tomatoes, avocados, and citrus fruits). Our data show that CEC concentrations in irrigation water and their physiochemical properties (mainly charge and lipophilicity) are the main factors governing their translocation and accumulation in the soil-plant continuum. CECs exhibiting the highest detection frequency in plants (lamotrigine, venlafaxine, and carbamazepine) showed a reduction in their leaf accumulation factor with increasing soil organic matter content. The higher soil organic matter likely reduced the available CEC concentration in the soil solution due to soil-CEC interactions, leading to reduced uptake. Interestingly, the concentration of carbamazepine in the leaves showed a saturation-like trend when plotted against its concentration in the soils. This probably resulted from steady-state conditions when uptake equals in-planta decomposition. Our data indicate that due to continuous reclaimed wastewater irrigation, the soil acts as a sink for CECs. CECs in the soil reservoir can be desorbed into the soil solution during the rainy season and be taken up by rain-fed crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evyatar Ben Mordechay
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Vered Mordehay
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Jorge Tarchitzky
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Benny Chefetz
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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Sun M, Sun Q, Zhao C, Huang Y, Jiang J, Ding W, Zheng H. Degradation of diclofenac sodium with low concentration from aqueous milieu through polydopamine-chitosan modified magnetic adsorbent-assisted photo-Fenton process. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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Tadić Đ, Gramblicka M, Mistrik R, Bayona JM. Systematic identification of trimethoprim metabolites in lettuce. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:3121-3135. [PMID: 35141763 PMCID: PMC8934764 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03943-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are some of the most widely used drugs. Their release in the environment is of great concern since their consumption is a major factor for antibiotic resistance, one of the most important threats to human health. Their occurrence and fate in agricultural systems have been extensively investigated in recent years. Yet whilst their biotic and abiotic degradation pathways have been thoroughly researched, their biotransformation pathways in plants are less understood, such as in case of trimethoprim. Although trimethoprim has been reported in the environment, its fate in higher plants still remains unknown. A bench-scale experiment was performed and 30 trimethoprim metabolites were identified in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), of which 5 belong to phase I and 25 to phase II. Data mining yielded a list of 1018 ions as possible metabolite candidates, which was filtered to a final list of 87 candidates. Molecular structures were assigned for 19 compounds, including 14 TMP metabolites reported for the first time. Alongside well-known biotransformation pathways in plants, additional novel pathways were suggested, namely, conjugation with sesquiterpene lactones, and abscisic acid as a part of phase II of plant metabolism. The results obtained offer insight into the variety of phase II conjugates and may serve as a guideline for studying the metabolization of other chemicals that share a similar molecular structure or functional groups with trimethoprim. Finally, the toxicity and potential contribution of the identified metabolites to the selective pressure on antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities via residual antimicrobial activity were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Đorđe Tadić
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michal Gramblicka
- HighChem Ltd., Leškova 11, 811 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Josep Maria Bayona
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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Shi Q, Xiong Y, Kaur P, Sy ND, Gan J. Contaminants of emerging concerns in recycled water: Fate and risks in agroecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152527. [PMID: 34953850 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recycled water (RW) has been increasingly recognized as a valuable source of water for alleviating the global water crisis. When RW is used for agricultural irrigation, many contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are introduced into the agroecosystem. The ubiquity of CECs in field soil, combined with the toxic, carcinogenic, or endocrine-disrupting nature of some CECs, raises significant concerns over their potential risks to the environment and human health. Understanding such risks and delineating the fate processes of CECs in the water-soil-plant continuum contributes to the safe reuse of RW in agriculture. This review summarizes recent findings and provides an overview of CECs in the water-soil-plant continuum, including their occurrence in RW and irrigated soil, fate processes in agricultural soil, offsite transport including runoff and leaching, and plant uptake, metabolism, and accumulation. The potential ecological and human health risks of CECs are also discussed. Studies to date have shown limited accumulation of CECs in irrigated soils and plants, which may be attributed to multiple attenuation processes in the rhizosphere and plant, suggesting minimal health risks from RW-fed food crops. However, our collective understanding of CECs is rather limited and knowledge of their offsite movement and plant accumulation is particularly scarce for field conditions. Given a large number of CECs and their occurrence at trace levels, it is urgent to develop strategies to prioritize CECs so that future research efforts are focused on CECs with elevated risks for offsite contamination or plant accumulation. Irrigating specific crops such as feed crops and fruit trees may be a viable option to further minimize potential plant accumulation under field conditions. To promote the beneficial reuse of RW in agriculture, it is essential to understand the human health and ecological risks imposed by CEC mixtures and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Shi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Yaxin Xiong
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Parminder Kaur
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Nathan Darlucio Sy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Brunetti G, Kodešová R, Švecová H, Fér M, Nikodem A, Klement A, Grabic R, Šimůnek J. A novel multiscale biophysical model to predict the fate of ionizable compounds in the soil-plant continuum. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127008. [PMID: 34844334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution from emerging contaminants poses a significant threat to water resources management and food production. The development of numerical models to describe the reactive transport of chemicals in both soil and plant is of paramount importance to elaborate mitigation strategies. To this aim, in the present study, a multiscale biophysical model is developed to predict the fate of ionizable compound in the soil-plant continuum. The modeling framework connects a multi-organelles model to describe processes at the cell level with a semi-mechanistic soil-plant model, which includes the widely used Richards-based solver, HYDRUS. A Bayesian probabilistic framework is used to calibrate and assess the capability of the model in reproducing the observations from an experiment on the translocation of five pharmaceuticals in green pea plants. Results show satisfactory fitting performance and limited predictive uncertainty. The subsequent validation with the cell model indicates that the estimated soil-plant parameters preserve a physically realistic meaning, and their calibrated values are comparable with the existing literature values, thus confirming the overall reliability of the analysis. Model results further suggest that pH conditions in both soil and xylem play a crucial role in the uptake and translocation of ionizable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Brunetti
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Institute for Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Muthgasse 18, 1180 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Radka Kodešová
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Švecová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Fér
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Nikodem
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Klement
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Šimůnek
- University of California, Riverside, Department of Environmental Sciences, CA 92521, USA
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Bueno MJM, Valverde MG, Gómez-Ramos MM, Andújar JAS, Barceló D, Fernández-Alba AR. Fate, modeling, and human health risk of organic contaminants present in tomato plants irrigated with reclaimed water under real-world field conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150909. [PMID: 34653474 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Using reclaimed water to irrigate crops can be an important route for organic contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) to be introduced into agricultural production and thus find their way into the food chain. This work aims to establish accumulation models for the different parts of a crop (fruit/leaves/roots) and the soil of some of the most commonly detected CECs in reclaimed water, through field trials in greenhouses. For this, tomato plants were permanently irrigated under realistic agricultural conditions with a mixture of the selected compounds at approx. 1 μg/L. A total of 30 contaminants were analyzed belonging to different compound categories. A modified QuEChERS extraction method followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was the procedure used. The study revealed the presence of 21 target contaminants in the tomatoes, and 18 CECs in the leaves, roots, and soil. The average total concentration of pesticides detected in the tomatoes was 3 μg/kg f.w., whereas the average total load of pharmaceuticals was 5.8 μg/kg f.w. after three months, at the time of crop harvesting. The levels of pharmaceutical products and pesticides in the non-edible tissues were up to 3.5 and 2.1 μg/kg f.w., respectively, in the leaves and up to 89.3 and 31.3 μg/kg f.w., respectively, in the roots. In the case of the soil samples, the pesticide concentration found after crop harvesting was below 11.4 μg/kg d.w., and less than 3.0 μg/kg d.w. for pharmaceuticals. Overall, the concentration levels of CECs detected in the tomatoes, which were permanently irrigated with contaminated reclaimed water, do not pose a risk to human health via dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Martínez Bueno
- University of Almería, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - M García Valverde
- University of Almería, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - M M Gómez-Ramos
- University of Almería, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - J A Salinas Andújar
- University of Almería, Department of Engineering, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), La Cañada de San Urbano 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - D Barceló
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA)-CERCA, Girona, Spain
| | - A R Fernández-Alba
- University of Almería, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain.
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Nie E, Wang H, Chen Y, Lu Y, Akhtar K, Riaz M, Zhang S, Yu Z, Ye Q. Distinct uptake and accumulation profiles of triclosan in youdonger (Brassica campestris subsp. Chinensis var. communis) under two planting systems: Evidence from 14C tracing techniques. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132651. [PMID: 34699880 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan is a widely used biocide against microorganisms and is ubiquitously distributed in the environment. Triclosan can be accumulated into plants from soil and hydroponic media. However, little information is currently available on the comparative fate of triclosan in plants under soil and hydroponics cultivation conditions and factors governing uptake. Therefore, this study was designed to comparatively elucidate the uptake mechanism of 14C-triclosan in youdonger (Brassica campestris subsp. Chinensis var. communis) grown under different soils and hydroponics and clarify dominant uptake factors. Results showed that 77.2% of 14C were accumulated in youdonger grown in a hydroponic system, while only 1.24%-2.33% were accumulated in the two soil-planting systems. In addition, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 14C-triclosan in soil-plant systems was approximately 400-fold smaller than that in the hydroponics. In the soil-planting system, a strong linear correlation was found between concentrations of triclosan in soil pore water and youdonger plant (R2 > 0.85, p < 0.01) at different incubation times. Therefore, triclosan in pore water might be a good indicator to estimate its accumulation in plants and is significantly affected by soil pH, clay, and organic matter contents. The estimated average dietary intakes of triclosan for youdonger grown in hydroponic and soil-planting systems were estimated to be 1.31 ng day-1 kg-1 and 0.05-0.12 ng day-1 kg-1, respectively, much lower than the acceptable dietary intakes of triclosan (83 μg day-1 kg-1), indicating no significant human health risks from youdonger consumption. This study provided insights into uptake routes of triclosan into youdonger plants from both soil and hydroponic systems, bioavailability of triclosan in different soils, and further assessment of human exposure to triclosan from youdonger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enguang Nie
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuhui Lu
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kashif Akhtar
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sufen Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhiyang Yu
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qingfu Ye
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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