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Guo X, Ji X, Liu Z, Feng Z, Zhang Z, Du S, Li X, Ma J, Sun Z. Complex impact of metals on the fate of disinfection by-products in drinking water pipelines: A systematic review. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 261:121991. [PMID: 38941679 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Metals in the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) play an important role on the fate of disinfection by-products (DBPs). They can increase the formation of DBPs through several mechanisms, such as enhancing the proportion of reactive halogen species (RHS), catalysing the reaction between natural organic matter (NOM) and RHS through complexation, or by increasing the conversion of NOM into DBP precursors. This review comprehensively summarizes these complex processes, focusing on the most important metals (copper, iron, manganese) in DWDS and their impact on various DBPs. It organizes the dispersed 'metals-DBPs' experimental results into an easily accessible content structure and presents their underlying common or unique mechanisms. Furthermore, the practically valuable application directions of these research findings were analysed, including the toxicity changes of DBPs in DWDS under the influence of metals and the potential enhancement of generalization in DBP model research by the introduction of metals. Overall, this review revealed that the metal environment within DWDS is a crucial factor influencing DBP levels in tap water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150096, China
| | - Xiaoyue Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150096, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150096, China
| | - Zhuoran Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150096, China
| | - ZiFeng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shuang Du
- Institute of NBC Defense. PLA Army, P.O.Box1048, Beijing 102205 China
| | - Xueyan Li
- Suzhou University Science & Technology, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150096, China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150096, China.
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2
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Yan H, Zhang T, Yang Y, Li J, Liu Y, Qu D, Feng L, Zhang L. Occurrence of iodinated contrast media (ICM) in water environments and their control strategies with a particular focus on iodinated by-products formation: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119931. [PMID: 38154220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Iodinated contrast media (ICM), one of the pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), are frequently detected in various water bodies due to the strong biochemical stability and recalcitrance to conventional water treatment. Additionally, ICM pose a risk of forming iodinated by-products that can be detrimental to the aquatic ecosystem. Consequently, effectively removing ICM from aqueous environments is a significant concern for environmental researchers. This article provides a comprehensive review of the structural characteristics of ICM, their primary source (e.g., domestic and hospital wastewater), detected concentrations in water environments, and ecological health hazards associated with them. The current wastewater treatment technologies for ICM control are also reviewed in detail with the aim of providing a reference for future research. Prior researches have demonstrated that traditional treatment processes (such as physical adsorption, biochemical method and chemical oxidation method) have inadequate efficiencies in the removal of ICM. Currently, the application of advanced oxidation processes to remove ICM has become extensive, but there are some issues like poor deiodination efficiency and the risk of forming toxic intermediates or iodinated by-products. Conversely, reduction technologies have a high deiodination rate, enabling the targeted removal of ICM. But the subsequent treatment issues related to iodine (such as I- and OI-) are often underestimated, potentially generating iodinated by-products during the subsequent treatment processes. Hence, we proposed using combined reduction-oxidation technologies to remove ICM and achieved synchronous control of iodinated by-products. In the future, it is recommended to study the degradation efficiency of ICM and the control efficiency of iodinated by-products by combining different reduction and oxidation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yan
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yi Yang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Juan Li
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Yongze Liu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Dan Qu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Li Feng
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liqiu Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Liu Y, Gao J, Zhu Q, Zhou X, Chu W, Huang J, Liu C, Yang B, Yang M. Zerovalent Iron/Cu Combined Degradation of Halogenated Disinfection Byproducts and Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:11241-11250. [PMID: 37461144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that zerovalent iron (ZVI) can reduce several aliphatic groups of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) (e.g., haloacetic acids and haloacetamides) effectively, and the removal efficiency can be significantly improved by metallic copper. Information regarding ZVI/Cu combined degradation of different types of halogenated DBPs can help understand the fate of overall DBPs in drinking water distribution and storage systems consisting of unlined cast iron/copper pipes and related potential control strategies. In this study, we found that, besides aliphatic DBPs, many groups of new emerging aromatic DBPs formed in chlorinated and chloraminated drinking water can be effectively degraded by ZVI/Cu; meanwhile, total organic halogen and total ion intensity were reduced significantly after treatment. Moreover, a robust quantitative structure-activity relationship model was developed and validated based on the ZVI/Cu combined degradation rate constants of 14 typical aromatic DBPs; it can predict the degradation rate constants of other aromatic DBPs for screening and comparative purposes, and the optimized descriptors indicate that DBPs possessing a lower value of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy and a higher value of dipole moment tend to present higher degradation rate constants. In addition, toxicity data of 47 DBPs (belonging to 18 groups) were predicted by two previously established toxicity models, demonstrating that, although most DBPs exhibit higher toxicity than their dehalogenated products, some DBPs show lower toxicity than their lowly halogenated analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jianfa Gao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qingyao Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wenhai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jingxiong Huang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Changkun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Mengting Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Zhang W, Fourcade F, Amrane A, Geneste F. Removal of Iodine-Containing X-ray Contrast Media from Environment: The Challenge of a Total Mineralization. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010341. [PMID: 36615536 PMCID: PMC9822505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) as emerging micropollutants have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their high detected concentration in water systems. It results in environmental issues partly due to the formation of toxic by-products during the disinfection process in water treatment. Consequently, various approaches have been investigated by researchers in order to achieve ICM total mineralization. This review discusses the different methods that have been used to degrade them, with special attention to the mineralization yield and to the nature of formed by-products. The problem of pollution by ICM is discussed in the first part dedicated to the presence of ICM in the environment and its consequences. In the second part, the processes for ICM treatment including biological treatment, advanced oxidation/reductive processes, and coupled processes are reviewed in detail. The main results and mechanisms involved in each approach are described, and by-products identified during the different treatments are listed. Moreover, based on their efficiency and their cost-effectiveness, the prospects and process developments of ICM treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
- CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Florence Fourcade
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (F.G.)
| | - Abdeltif Amrane
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Florence Geneste
- CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (F.G.)
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Gu Y, Song Z, Dong Z, Sun F, Jiang C, Qi J. Efficient degradation and deiodination of iopamidol by UV/sulfite process: Assessment of typical process parameters and transformation paths. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 167:107383. [PMID: 35952467 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Iopamidol (IPM) is widely used in medical clinical examination and treatment and has immeasurable harm to the ecological environment. The combination of UV and sulfite (UV/sulfite) process was developed to degrade IPM in this study. In contrast to that almost no removal of IPM was observed under sulfite reduction alone, the UV/sulfite process could efficiently reductively degrade IPM with the observed rate constant (kobs) of 2.08 min-1, which was nearly 4 times that of UV irradiation alone. The major active species in the UV/sulfite process were identified as hydrated electrons (eaq-) by employing active species scavengers. The influence of the initial pH, sulfite dosage, IPM concentration, UV intensity and common water matrix were evaluated. The degradation of IPM reached nearly 100% within only 2.5 min at pH 9, and kobs increased at higher initial sulfite dosages and greater UV intensities. HCO3- had a limited effect on the degradation of IPM, while humic acid (HA) was found to be a strong inhibitor in the UV/sulfite process. With the synergistic action of UV/sulfite, most of the iodine in IPM was found to release in the form of iodide ions (up to approximately 98%), and a few formed iodide-containing organic compounds, reducing significantly the toxicity of degradation products. Under direct UV irradiation and free radical reduction (mainly eaq-), 15 transformation intermediates of IPM were produced by amide hydrolysis, deiodination, hydroxyl radical addition and hydrogen abstraction reactions, in which free radical attack accounted for the main part. Consequently, the UV/sulfite process has a strong potential for IPM degradation in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Gu
- School of Material and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zi Song
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zijun Dong
- School of Civil and Traffic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Feiyun Sun
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Chengchun Jiang
- School of Material and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jikun Qi
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
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Hou M, Li X, Fu Y, Wang L, Lin D, Wang Z. Degradation of iodinated X-ray contrast media by advanced oxidation processes: A literature review with a focus on degradation pathways. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Pandian AMK, Rajamehala M, Singh MVP, Sarojini G, Rajamohan N. Potential risks and approaches to reduce the toxicity of disinfection by-product - A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153323. [PMID: 35066044 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water contamination through anthropogenic and industrial activities has led to the emergence and necessity of disinfection methods. Chlorine and bromine gases, often used to disinfect water, resulted in the by-product formation by reacting with organic matter. The Disinfectant by-products (DBP) led to the formation of Trihaloaceticacid (TAA), Trihalomethane (THM), and other minor components. The release of chemicals has also led to the outbreak of diseases like infertility, asthma, stillbirth, and types of cancer. There are new approaches that are found to be useful to compensate for the generation of toxic by-products and involve membrane technologies, namely reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, and nanofiltration. This review mainly focuses on the toxicology effects of DBPs and various approaches to mitigate the same. The health hazards caused by different DBPs and the various treatment techniques available for the removal are discussed. In addition, a critical comparison of the different removal techniques was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Muthu Kumara Pandian
- Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal 637205, India.
| | - M Rajamehala
- Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal 637205, India
| | - M Vijay Pradhap Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal 637205, India
| | - G Sarojini
- Department of Petrochemical Engineering, SVS College of Engineering, Coimbatore, India
| | - N Rajamohan
- Chemical Engineering Section, Sohar University, Sohar, Oman
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Sengar A, Vijayanandan A. Comprehensive review on iodinated X-ray contrast media: Complete fate, occurrence, and formation of disinfection byproducts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144846. [PMID: 33736235 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Iodinated contrast media (ICM) are drugs which are used in medical examinations for organ imaging purposes. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have shown incapability to remove ICM, and as a consequence, ICM and their transformation products (TPs) have been detected in environmental waters. ICM show limited biotransformation and low sorption potential. ICM can act as iodine source and can react with commonly used disinfectants such as chlorine in presence of organic matter to yield iodinated disinfection byproducts (IDBPs) which are more cytotoxic and genotoxic than conventionally known disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Even highly efficient advanced treatment systems have failed to completely mineralize ICM, and TPs that are more toxic than parent ICM are produced. This raises issues regarding the efficacy of existing treatment technologies and serious concern over disinfection of ICM containing waters. Realizing this, the current review aims to capture the attention of scientific community on areas of less focus. The review features in depth knowledge regarding complete environmental fate of ICM along with their existing treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Sengar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Arya Vijayanandan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
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Wu Z, Tang Y, Yuan X, Qiang Z. Reduction of bromate by zero valent iron (ZVI) enhances formation of brominated disinfection by-products during chlorination. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:129340. [PMID: 33360939 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bromate (BrO3-) is a predominant undesired toxic disinfection by-product (DBP) during ozonation of bromide-containing waters. The reduction of BrO3- by zero valent iron (ZVI) and its effect on formation of organic halogenated DBPs during chlorination were investigated in this study. The presence of ZVI could reduce BrO3- to bromide (Br-), and Br- formed could be transformed to free bromine (HOBr/OBr-) during chlorination, further leading to organic brominated (Br-) DBPs formation. Formation of DBPs during chlorination, including trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetonitriles (HANs) was detected under different conditions. The results showed that when ZVI dosage increased from 0 to 1 g L-1, the formation of Br-DBPs (e.g., TBM and DBCM) was significantly improved, while the formation of Cl-DBPs (e.g., TCM, TCAN and DCAN) reduced. Higher ZVI dosage exhibited inhibitory effect on Br-DBPs formation due to the competition between ZVI and free chlorine (HOCl/OCl-). The bromine substitution factor (BSF) of THMs significantly decreased from 0.61 ± 0.06 to 0.22 ± 0.02, as the pH was raised from 5.0 to 9.0. Besides, the increase of initial BrO3- concentration significantly improved the formation of Br-DBPs and decreased the formation of Cl-DBPs, leading to an obvious rise on the BSF of THMs. As the initial concentration of HOCl increased, all THMs and HANs gradually increased. Moreover, the analysis based on the cytotoxicity index (CTI) of the determined DBPs showed that reduction of BrO3- by ZVI during chlorination had certain risks in real water sources, which should be paid attention to in the application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdi Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yubin Tang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, China.
| | - Xiangjuan Yuan
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Catalytic ozonation with silicate-based microfiltration membrane for the removal of iopamidol in aqueous solution. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Dong Z, Chen G, Li M, Sun F, Jiang C, Bharti B. Fe(II)-activated persulfate oxidation to degrade iopamidol in water: parameters optimization and degradation paths. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21548. [PMID: 33299055 PMCID: PMC7726144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78468-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Iodinated contrast media (ICM), which was widely used in medical imaging and was difficult to remove by conventional wastewater treatment methods, attained much attention due to its potential environmental impacts. Herein, iopamidol (IPM), one typical compound of ICM, was found to be rapidly degraded by ferrous activated persulfate oxidation (Fe(II)/PS) as compared with PS or Fe(II) alone. With a persulfate concentration of 1 mmol L−1, n(Fe(II))/n(PS) of 1:10, and a pH of 3.0, 78% IPM was degraded within 60 min, with a degradation rate of 0.1266 min−1. It was demonstrated that IPM degradation and deiodination were favored by a high temperature, while affected positively by acidic and neutral conditions. Radical quenching experiments and Electron Paramagnetic Resonace (EPR) spectra showed that the combined effects of SO4−· and ·OH contributed dominantly to degrade IPM, while the ·OH played an essential role during the degradation reaction. Through the Discrete Fourier Transform quantum chemical calculation, the possible reaction pathways for the oxidation of IPM by ·OH are as follows: IPM-TP651-TP667-TP541-TP557, IPM-TP651-TP525-TP557, IPM-TP705-TP631-TP661, and IPM-TP705-TP735. The obtained results showed that IPM could be degraded effectively by Fe(II)/PS system, giving a promising technique for IPM removal from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Dong
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guanhan Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mu Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Feiyun Sun
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Chengchun Jiang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bandna Bharti
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Li J, Jiang J, Pang SY, Yang Y, Sun S, Wang L, Wang P. Transformation of X-ray contrast media by conventional and advanced oxidation processes during water treatment: Efficiency, oxidation intermediates, and formation of iodinated byproducts. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116234. [PMID: 32736280 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
X-ray contrast media (ICM), as the most widely used intravascular pharmaceuticals, have been frequently detected in various environmental compartments. ICM have attracted increasingly scientific interest owing to their role as an iodine contributor, resulting in the high risk of forming toxic iodinated byproducts (I-BPs) during water treatment. In this review, we present the state-of-the-art findings relating to the removal efficiency as well as oxidation intermediates of ICM by conventional and advanced oxidation processes. Moreover, formation of specific small-molecular I-BPs (e.g., iodoacetic acid and iodoform) during these processes is also summarized. Conventional oxidants and disinfectants including chlorine (HOCl) and chloramine (NH2Cl) have low reactivities towards ICM with HOCl being more reactive. Iodinated/deiodinated intermediates are generated from reactions of HOCl/NH2Cl with ICM, and they can be further transformed into small-molecular I-BPs. Types of disinfectants and ICM as well as solution conditions (e.g., presence of bromide (Br-) and natural organic matters (NOM)) display significant impact on formation of I-BPs during chlor(am)ination of ICM. Uncatalyzed advanced oxidation process (AOPs) involving ozone (O3) and ferrate (Fe(VI)) exhibit slow to mild reactivities towards ICM, usually leading to their incomplete removal under typical water treatment conditions. In contrast, UV photolysis and catalyzed AOPs including hydroxyl radical (HO•) and/or sulfate radical (SO4.-) based AOPs (e.g., UV/hydrogen peroxide, UV/persulfate, UV/peroxymonosulfate (PMS), and CuO/PMS) and reactive chlorine species (RCS) involved AOPs (e.g., UV/HOCl and UV/NH2Cl) can effectively eliminate ICM under various conditions. Components of water matrix (e.g., chloride (Cl-), Br-, bicarbonate (HCO3-), and NOM) have great impact on oxidation efficiency of ICM by catalyzed AOPs. Generally, similar intermediates are formed from ICM oxidation by UV photolysis and AOPs, mainly resulting from a series reactions of the side chain and/or C-I groups (e.g. cleavage, dealkylation, oxidation, and rearrange). Further oxidation or disinfection of these intermediates leads to formation of small-molecular I-BPs. Pre-oxidation of ICM-containing waters by AOPs tends to increase formation of I-BPs during post-disinfection process, while this trend also depends on the oxidation processes applied and solution conditions. This review summarizes the latest research findings relating to ICM transformation and (by)products formation during disinfection and AOPs in water treatment, which has great implications for the practical applications of these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou511458, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150090, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou511458, China.
| | - Su-Yan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun130118, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150090, China
| | - Shaofang Sun
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan250022, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150090, China
| | - Panxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150090, China
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Mao Y, Dong H, Liu S, Zhang L, Qiang Z. Accelerated oxidation of iopamidol by ozone/peroxymonosulfate (O 3/PMS) process: Kinetics, mechanism, and simultaneous reduction of iodinated disinfection by-product formation potential. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 173:115615. [PMID: 32078858 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Iopamidol (IPM) is a potential source of toxic iodinated byproducts (I-DBPs) during water disinfection. In this work, we determined the kinetics and mechanism of degradation of IPM by a combination of ozone (O3) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS, HSO5-), and assessed its effect on the formation of iodinated trihalomethanes (I-THMs) during chlorination treatment. The degradation of IPM was accelerated by the O3/PMS process, and the hydroxyl (HO•) and sulfate (SO4•-) radicals were major contributors to the degradation. Using identification of the second order reaction rate between SO4•- and IPM (kSO4•-, IPM = 1.6 × 109 M-1 s-1), the contribution of HO• to the degradation was determined to be 78.3%. The degradation of IPM was facilitated by pH > 7, and natural organic matter (NOM) and alkalinity had limited effects on the degradation of IPM in the O3/PMS process. The transformation products of IPM were determined and inferred by QTOF-MS/MS, and the degradation pathways were elucidated. These include amide hydrolysis, amino oxidation, hydrogen abstraction, deiodination, and hydroxyl radical addition. Interestingly, oxidation of IPM by O3/PMS also decreased its potential for formation of I-THMs. After oxidation of IPM, the I-THMs formed from 5-μΜ IPM decreased from 14.7 μg L-1 to 3.3 μg L-1 during chlorination. Although the presence of NOM provided the precursor of I-THMs during chlorination of IPM, the O3/PMS process decreased I-THMs formation by 71%, because oxidation of released iodide into iodate effectively inhibited I-THMs formation. This study provides a new approach for the accelerated degradation of IPM and control of the formation of I-DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huiyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Shaogang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, 530008, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing, 100085, China.
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14
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Wei L, Zhou B, Xiao K, Yang B, Yu G, Li J, Zhu C, Zhang J, Duan H. Highly efficient degradation of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether through combining surfactant-assisted Zn 0 reduction with subsequent Fenton oxidation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 385:121551. [PMID: 31708290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE47) was difficult to be rapidly degraded by common reductive debromination or oxidative decomposition. In this study, the debromination via surfactant-assisted zero valent zinc (Zn0) reduction and subsequent Fenton oxidation was combined to completely degrade BDE47. Firstly, Zn0 integrated with surfactants including cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), polyethylene glycol dodecyl ether (Brij35), or 1-dodecanesulfonic acid sodium salt (SDS) were evaluated for their reactivity to debrominate BDE47. CTAC-assisted Zn0 system presented the highest removal efficiency of 98.6% for BDE47 (C0 = 5 mg/L) under the optimized conditions including 0.3 g/L of Zn0 particles and 0.05 g/L of CTAC at 25 °C and pH 4.0 during 1-h reaction. Subsequently, the debromination products as low-brominated BDEs were attacked by hydroxyl radicals (•OH) from Fenton reagent, which were decomposed into short-chain carboxylic acids and even mineralized within 2-h oxidation. In addition, HPLC, GC-MS, LC-MS/MS, and IC were employed to detect intermediates during this reaction/oxidation process and the pathways of debromination and oxidation were proposed according to carbon and bromine balance. The above combination achieved the complete degradation of BDE47 via a relative low-cost method to rapidly remove PBDEs, which provide a new approach for the effective treatment of halogenated organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Wei
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Biao Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Ke Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.
| | - Gang Yu
- School of Environment, POPs Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Juying Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Caizhen Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Huabo Duan
- Smart City Research Institute, College of Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
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15
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Ding S, Deng Y, Li H, Fang C, Gao N, Chu W. Coagulation of Iodide-Containing Resorcinol Solution or Natural Waters with Ferric Chloride Can Produce Iodinated Coagulation Byproducts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12407-12415. [PMID: 31553594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Iodinated disinfection byproducts (I-DBPs) are of particular concern in drinking water due to the more cytotoxic and genotoxic properties than their chlorinated and brominated analogs. Formation of I-DBP primarily results from the oxidation of iodide-containing waters with various oxidants and the chlor(am)ination of iodinated organic compounds in drinking water. This study first reports that ferric chloride (FeCl3) can lead to the formation of iodinated coagulation byproducts (I-CBPs) from iodide-containing resorcinol solution or natural waters. The unwanted I-CBP formation involved the oxidation of iodide by ferric ions to generate various reactive iodine species, which further oxidize organic compounds. Although the oxidation rate of iodide by FeCl3 was several orders of magnitude slower than that by chlorine or chloramine, most of the converted iodide under the ferric/iodide system was transformed into iodine and iodinated organic compounds rather than iodate. Formation of four aliphatic I-CBPs was observed, and four aromatic I-CBPs were identified by gas chromatography mass-spectrometry and theoretical calculation. Coagulation of iodide-containing waters with FeCl3 also produced I-CBPs ranging from 12.5 ± 0.8 to 32.5 ± 0.2 μg/L as I. These findings call for careful consideration of the formation of I-CBPs from coagulation of iodide-containing waters with ferric salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunke Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Urban Water System, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Yang Deng
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies , Montclair State University , Montclair , New Jersey 07043 , United States
| | - Hongwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Urban Water System, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Chao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Urban Water System, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Naiyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Urban Water System, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Wenhai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Urban Water System, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , Shanghai 200092 , China
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16
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Rose MR, Roberts AL. Iodination of Dimethenamid in Chloraminated Water: Active Iodinating Agents and Distinctions between Chlorination, Bromination, and Iodination. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:11764-11773. [PMID: 31556600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have elucidated the agent(s) that generate iodinated disinfection byproducts during drinking water treatment. We present a kinetic investigation of iodination of dimethenamid (DM), a model compound lacking acid-base speciation. Water chemistry parameters (pH, [Cl-], [Br-], [I-], and [pH buffer]) were systematically varied. As pH increased (4-9), DM iodination rate decreased. Conventional wisdom considers hypoiodous acid (HOI) as the predominant iodinating agent; nevertheless, HOI (pKHOI = 10.4) could not have produced this result, as its concentration is essentially invariant from pH 4-9. In contrast, [H2OI+] and [ICl] both decrease as pH increases. To distinguish their contributions to DM iodination, [Cl-] was added at constant pH and ionic strength. Although chloride addition did increase the iodination rate, the reaction order in [Cl-] was fractional (≤0.36). The contribution of ICl to DM iodination remained below 47% under typical drinking water conditions ([Cl-] ≤ 250 mg/L), implicating H2OI+ as the predominant iodinating agent. Distinctions between DM iodination versus chlorination or bromination include a more pronounced role for the hypohalous acidium ion (H2OX+), negligible contributions by hypohalous acid and molecular halogen (X2), and a more muted influence of XCl, leading to lesser susceptibility to catalysis by chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Rose
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , 313 Ames Hall, 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - A Lynn Roberts
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , 313 Ames Hall, 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
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Ding S, Deng Y, Bond T, Fang C, Cao Z, Chu W. Disinfection byproduct formation during drinking water treatment and distribution: A review of unintended effects of engineering agents and materials. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 160:313-329. [PMID: 31154129 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Unintended effects of engineering agents and materials on the formation of undesirable disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during drinking water treatment and distribution were comprehensively reviewed. Specially, coagulants, biologically active filtration biofilms, activated carbons, nanomaterials, ion-exchange resins, membrane materials in drinking water treatment and piping materials, deposits and biofilms within drinking water distribution systems were discussed, which may serve as DBP precursors, transform DBPs into more toxic species, and/or catalyze the formation of DBPs. Speciation and quantity of DBPs generated rely heavily on the material characteristics, solution chemistry conditions, and operating factors. For example, quaternary ammonium polymer coagulants can increase concentrations of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) to above the California notification level (10 ng/L). Meanwhile, the application of strong base ion-exchange resins has been associated with the formation of N-nitrosamines and trichloronitromethane up to concentrations of 400 ng/L and 9.0 μg/L, respectively. Organic compounds leaching from membranes and plastic and rubber pipes can generate high NDMA (180-450 ng/L) and chloral hydrate (∼12.4 μg/L) upon downstream disinfection. Activated carbon and membranes preferentially remove organic precursors over bromide, resulting in a higher proportion of brominated DBPs. Copper corrosion products (CCPs) accelerate the decay of disinfectants and increase the formation of halogenated DBPs. Chlorination of high bromide waters containing CCPs can form bromate at concentrations exceeding regulatory limits. Owing to the aforementioned concern for the drinking water quality, the application of these materials and reagents during drinking water treatment and distribution should be based on the removal of pollutants with consideration for balancing DBP formation during disinfection scenarios. Overall, this review highlights situations in which the use of engineering agents and materials in drinking water treatment and distribution needs balance against deleterious impacts on DBP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunke Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yang Deng
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, 07043, USA
| | - Tom Bond
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Chao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhongqi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wenhai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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18
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Lv X, Qin X, Wang K, Peng Y, Wang P, Jiang G. Nanoscale zero valent iron supported on MgAl-LDH-decorated reduced graphene oxide: Enhanced performance in Cr(VI) removal, mechanism and regeneration. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 373:176-186. [PMID: 30921568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The scaled application of nanoscale zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI or Fe° NPs) in environmental remediation is challenged by easy surface passivation and particle aggregation. To improve this situation and enhance their performance in Cr(VI) removal from water phase, we present one novel strategy to hybridize nZVI with layered double hydroxide (LDH) decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The as-prepared ternary (Fe@LDH/rGO) composites possess better dispersibility, improved hydrophilicity and more positive surfaces that allows higher removal efficiency and capacity for Cr(VI) oxyanions. Composition proportion are optimized and influences of surroundings (solution pH, Cr(VI) concentration and temperature) are evaluated. Also, we demonstrate that Fe@LDH/rGO can be reused with suitable post-treatments, which combines alkaline solution desorption and NaBH4 revivification possess. Cr desorption and Fe leaching ratio during regeneration should be critical indicators that determine the recovery efficiency. Synergistic effect within this ternary system not only contributes to its superiorities in stability, but also continuous iron corrosion via the formation of micro Fe-C batteries, where rGO acts as cathode and alternative electron conductor. The present work suggests great potentials of Fe@LDH/rGO composites in groundwater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshu Lv
- Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Xiaofeng Qin
- Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Kaifeng Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Yiyin Peng
- Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Guangming Jiang
- Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China.
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19
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Zhou GN, He CS, Wang YX, He PP, Liu J, Mu Y, Zhang LS. Aerobic removal of iodinated contrast medium by nano-sized zero-valent iron: A combination of oxidation and reduction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 373:417-424. [PMID: 30939424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.03.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The removal performance and mechanisms of diatrizoate (DTA), a typical iodinated contrast medium, from water by nano-sized zero-valent iron (nZVI) under aerobic conditions were investigated in this study. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and transformation products were detected with electron spin resonance and liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of several operational parameters on DTA removal were illustrated. The results showed that nZVI had a much higher DTA removal ability compared to microscale zero-valent iron (mZVI) in the presence of oxygen. Moreover, the detection of ROS and I- as well as the analysis of intermediate products suggested a combination of oxidation and reduction pathways for DTA removal by nZVI under aerobic conditions. Additionally, a high dosage of nZVI and acidic conditions led to the enhancement of DTA removal, while nZVI aging, as well as chloride and nitrate ions in the solution, had negative effects on the degradation of DTA by nZVI in the presence of oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Nan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chuan-Shu He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Pan-Pan He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Mu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Li-Shan Zhang
- College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.
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20
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Tian FX, Ma SX, Xu B, Hu XJ, Xing HB, Liu J, Wang J, Li YY, Wang B, Jiang X. Photochemical degradation of iodate by UV/H 2O 2 process: Kinetics, parameters and enhanced formation of iodo-trihalomethanes during chloramination. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 221:292-300. [PMID: 30640012 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, it was demonstrated that UV/H2O2 process can not only obviously promote the degradation rate of IO3-, but also greatly enhance iodo-trihalomethanes (I-THMs) formation in sequential chloramination. UV/H2O2 exhibited much faster IO3- decomposition than either UV or H2O2 treatment alone due to the contribution of highly reactive species including O-, OH and eaq-. The degradation rate of IO3- was affected by H2O2 dosages, pH, UV intensity as well as the presence of natural organic matter (NOM). The calculated pseudo-first order rate constant gradually increased with H2O2 dosages and solution pH, but behaved directly proportional to the UV intensity. Although NOM remarkably reduced the degradation rate of IO3- in UV/H2O2 process, their presence greatly enhanced the formation of I-THMs during subsequent chloramination. The overwhelming majority of iodoform at high UV fluences was also observed, which indicated improved iodination degrees of the detected I-THMs. UV/H2O2 was proved to be more capable on the evolution of IO3- to I- as well as I-THMs than UV and thereby enhanced the toxicity of disinfected waters in the following chloramination process. This study was among the first to provide a comprehensive understanding on the transformation of IO3- as the emerging iodine precursor to form I-THMs via diverse advanced oxidation process technologies like UV/H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Xiang Tian
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China
| | - Shi-Xu Ma
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jun Hu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China.
| | - Hai-Bo Xing
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China
| | - Yuan-Yi Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China
| | - Xia Jiang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China
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