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Kim HH, Choi B, Ullah Z, Jeong N, Cho KH, Park S, Baek SS, Son M. Decoupling ion concentrations from effluent conductivity profiles in capacitive and battery electrode deionizations using an artificial intelligence model. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 262:122092. [PMID: 39032339 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Owing to its simplicity of measurement, effluent conductivity is one of the most studied factors in evaluations of desalination performance based on the ion concentrations in various ion adsorption processes such as capacitive deionization (CDI) or battery electrode deionization (BDI). However, this simple conversion from effluent conductivity to ion concentration is often incorrect, thereby necessitating a more congruent method for performing real-time measurements of effluent ion concentrations. In this study, a random forest (RF)-based artificial intelligence (AI) model was developed to address this shortcoming. The proposed RF model showed an excellent prediction accuracy when it was first validated in predicting the effluent conductivity for both CDI (R2 = 0.86) and BDI (R2 = 0.95) data. Moreover, the RF model successfully predicted the concentration of each ion (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca2⁺, and Cl⁻) from the conductivity values. The accuracy of the ion concentration prediction was even higher than that of the effluent conductivity prediction, likely owing to the linear correlation between the input and output variables of the dataset. The effect of the sampling interval was also evaluated for conductivity and ion concentrations, and there was no significant difference up to sampling intervals of <80 s based on the error value of the model. These findings suggest that an RF model can be used to predict ion concentrations in CDI/BDI, which may be used as core indicators in evaluating desalination performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoo Hugo Kim
- Center for Water Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongwook Choi
- Center for Water Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Zahid Ullah
- Center for Water Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST-School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Nahyeon Jeong
- Center for Water Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Cho
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghun Park
- Division of Earth Environmental System Science (Major in Environmental Engineering), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Baek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan-Si, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moon Son
- Center for Water Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST-School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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2
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He Z, Miller CJ, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Fletcher J, Waite TD. Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI): A flexible and tunable technology for customized water softening. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 259:121871. [PMID: 38852388 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
There is a growing demand for water treatment systems for which the quality of feedwater in and product water out are not necessarily fixed with "tunable" technologies essential in many instances to satisfy the unique requirements of particular end-users. For example, in household applications, the optimal water hardness differs for particular end uses of the supplied product (such as water for potable purposes, water for hydration, or water for coffee or tea brewing) with the inclusion of specific minerals enhancing the suitability of the product in each case. However, conventional softening technologies are not dynamically flexible or tunable and, typically, simply remove all hardness ions from the feedwater. Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) can potentially fill this gap with its process flexibility and tunability achieved by fine tuning different operational parameters. In this article, we demonstrate that constant-current MCDI can be operated flexibly by increasing or decreasing the current and flow rate simultaneously to achieve the same desalination performance but different productivity whilst maintaining high water recovery. This characteristic can be used to operate MCDI in an energy-efficient manner to produce treated water more slowly at times of normal demand but more rapidly at times of peak demand. We also highlight the "tunability" of MCDI enabling the control of effluent hardness over different desired ranges by correlating the rates of hardness and conductivity removal using a power function model. Using this model, it is possible to either i) soften water to the same hardness level regardless of the fluctuation in hardness of feed waters, or ii) precisely control the effluent hardness at different levels to avoid excessive or insufficient hardness removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhao He
- UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies, Yixing, Jiangsu Province 214206, PR China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher J Miller
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yunyi Zhu
- UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies, Yixing, Jiangsu Province 214206, PR China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yuan Wang
- UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies, Yixing, Jiangsu Province 214206, PR China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - John Fletcher
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies, Yixing, Jiangsu Province 214206, PR China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Luo L, Liu T, He J, Ma J, Yu HQ. Ion-Selective Metathesis Design of Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization for Energy-Saving and Anti-Scaling Softening of Brackish Water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:13120-13130. [PMID: 38985512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c03227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
While flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) is recognized as an attractive desalination technology, its practical implementation has been hindered by the ease of scaling and energy-intensive nature of the single-cell FCDI system, particularly when treating brackish water with elevated levels of naturally coexisting SO42- and Ca2+. To overcome these obstacles, we propose and design an innovative ion-selective metathesis FCDI (ISM-FCDI) system, consisting of a two-stage tailored cell design. Results indicate that the specific energy consumption per unit volume of water for the ISM-FCDI is lower (by up to ∼50%) than that of a conventional single-stage FCDI due to the parallel circuit structure of the ISM-FCDI. Additionally, the ISM-FCDI benefits from a conspicuous disparity in the selective removal of ions at each stage. The separate storage of Ca2+ and SO42- by the metathesis process in the ISM-FCDI (46.25% Ca2+, 14.25% SO42- in electrode 1 and 4.75% Ca2+, 35.25% SO42- in electrode 2) can effectively prevent scaling. Furthermore, configuration-performance analysis on the ion-selective migration suggests that the properties of the ion exchange membrane, rather than the carbon species, govern the selectivity of ion removal. This work introduces system-level enhancements aimed at enhancing energy conservation and scaling prevention, providing critical optimization of the FCDI for brackish water softening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jiazhou He
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinxing Ma
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Abkar L, Aghili Mehrizi A, Jafari M, Beck SE, Ghassemi A, Van Loosdrecht MCM. Optimizing energy efficiency in brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO): A comprehensive study on prioritizing critical operating parameters for specific energy consumption minimization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:172772. [PMID: 38688362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Reverse osmosis (RO) systems offer a viable solution for treating brackish water (BW), a common but underutilized water resource. However, the energy-intensive nature of brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) systems poses affordability challenges to water supply, necessitating a focus on minimizing their energy consumption to support SDG6's goal of providing safe and affordable drinking water for all. This study addresses the critical need to minimize the specific energy consumption (SEC) of a typical BWRO system, defined as the energy consumed per unit of water recovered, mathematically and experimentally. Empirical models were developed proving there is a global minimum SEC while adjusting the operating conditions. Furthermore, we identified the key operating factors influencing SEC and their priority levels, along with their interactive effects. Notably, no prior study has discussed the significance and interaction of these operating factors (e.g., feed water salinity, temperature, pressure, flowrate and membrane permeability) on SEC of a BWRO system. Employing a full factorial experimental design with mixed levels of operating parameters, the study developed regression models that elucidate the mechanistic interaction between these parameters and system performance. Moreover, the models were validated experimentally, with a new dataset demonstrating their accuracy and reliability. ANOVA statistical analysis identified feed salinity, pressure, flow rate, feed flow rate×pressure, salinity×pressure, and temperature as influential operating parameters in reducing SEC, in descending order of importance. Operating within the determined optimum range resulted in a 36 % decrease in SEC and a more than fourfold increase in water recovery. The study's systematic approach and findings can be extrapolated to optimize the performance of other desalination technologies and diverse feed water types, contributing significantly to global water sustainability efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leili Abkar
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | | | | | - Sara E Beck
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Abbas Ghassemi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Merced, Merced, United States of America.
| | - Mark C M Van Loosdrecht
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.
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Elgharbi S, Boubakri A, Bouguecha S, Chemingui S, Alanazy HD, Hafiane A. Unlocking groundwater desalination potential for agriculture with fertilizer drawn forward osmosis: prediction and performance optimization via RSM and ANN. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:43660-43672. [PMID: 38904877 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The agricultural sector uses 70% of the world's freshwater. As clean water is extracted, groundwater quality decreases, making it difficult to grow crops. Brackish water desalination is a promising solution for agricultural areas, but the cost is a barrier to adoption. This study investigated the performance of the fertilizer drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) process for brackish water desalination using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) approaches. The RSM model was used to identify the optimal operating conditions, and the ANN model was used to predict the water flux (Jw) and reverse solute flux (Js). Both models achieved high accuracy, with RSM excelling in predicting Js (R2 = 0.9614) and ANN performing better for Jw (R2 = 0.9801). Draw solution (DS) concentration emerged as the most critical factor for both models, having a relative importance of 100% for two outputs. The optimal operating conditions identified by RSM were a DS concentration of 22 mol L-1, and identical feed solution (FS) and DS velocities of 8.1 cm s-1. This configuration yielded a high Jw of 4.386 LMH and a low Js of 0.392 gMH. Furthermore, the study evaluated the applicability of FDFO for real brackish groundwater. The results confirm FDFO's potential as a viable technology for water recovery in agriculture. The standalone FO system proves to be less energy-intensive than other desalination technologies. However, FO exhibits a low recovery rate, which may necessitate further dilution for fertigation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Elgharbi
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Boubakri
- Laboratory Water, Membranes and Environmental Biotechnology, Center of Water Research and Technologies (CERTE), PB 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia.
| | - Salah Bouguecha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdul-Aziz University, P.B: 80204, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sondes Chemingui
- National Center for Research in Materials Sciences, Technopole of Borj Cedria, BP 73, 8027, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Haessah D Alanazy
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amor Hafiane
- Laboratory Water, Membranes and Environmental Biotechnology, Center of Water Research and Technologies (CERTE), PB 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
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Zhu Y, Miller C, Lian B, Wang Y, Fletcher J, Zhou H, He Z, Lyu S, Purser M, Juracich P, Sweeney D, Waite TD. Brackish groundwater desalination by constant current membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI): Results of a long-term field trial in Central Australia. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 254:121413. [PMID: 38489850 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
A long-term field trial of membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) was conducted in a remote community in the Northern Territory of Australia, with the aim of producing safe palatable drinking water from groundwater that contains high concentrations of salt and hardness ions and other contaminants. This trial lasted for 1.5 years, which, to our knowledge, is one of the longest reported studies of pilot-scale MCDI field trials. The 8-module MCDI pilot unit reduced salt concentration to below the Australian Drinking Water Guideline value of 600 mg/L total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration with a relatively high water recovery of 71.6 ± 8.7 %. During continuous constant current operation and electrode discharging at near zero volts, a rapid performance deterioration occurred that was primarily attributed to insufficient desorption of multivalent ions from the porous carbon electrodes. Performance could be temporarily recovered using chemical cleaning and modified operating procedures however these approaches could not fundamentally resolve the issue of insufficient electrode performance regeneration. Constant current discharging of the electrodes to a negative cell cut-off voltage was hence employed to enhance the stability and overall performance of the MCDI unit during the continuous operation. An increase in selectivity of monovalent ions over divalent ions was also attained by implementing negative voltage discharging. The energy consumption of an MCDI system with a capacity of 1000 m3/day was projected to be 0.40∼0.53 kWh/m3, which is comparable to the energy consumption of electrodialysis reversal (EDR) and brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) systems of the same capacity. The relatively low maintenance requirements of the MCDI system rendered it the most cost-efficient water treatment technology for deployment in remote locations. The LCOW of an MCDI system with a capacity of 1000 m3/day was projected to be AU$1.059/m3 and AU$1.146/m3 under two operational modes, respectively. Further investigation of particular water-energy trade-offs amongst MCDI performance metrics is required to facilitate broader application of this promising water treatment technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Zhu
- UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies (CTET), Yixing, Jiangsu, China; Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher Miller
- Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Boyue Lian
- Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Yuan Wang
- UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies (CTET), Yixing, Jiangsu, China; Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - John Fletcher
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Hang Zhou
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Zhizhao He
- UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies (CTET), Yixing, Jiangsu, China; Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Shunzhi Lyu
- UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies (CTET), Yixing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Megan Purser
- Power and Water Corporation, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Peter Juracich
- Power and Water Corporation, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - David Sweeney
- Power and Water Corporation, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies (CTET), Yixing, Jiangsu, China; Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Australia.
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Ding Y, Zhang Z, Lu Y, Li L, Islam W, Zeng F. Film mulching counteracts the adverse effects of mild moisture deficiency, and improves the quality and yield of Cyperus esculentus. L grass and tuber in the oasis area of Tarim Basin. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1296641. [PMID: 38711612 PMCID: PMC11072976 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1296641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Plastic film mulching (PFM) and deficit irrigation (DI) are vital water-saving approaches in arid agriculture. Cyperus esculentus is a significant crop in dry zones. However, scant data exists on the impacts of these water-saving methods on C. esculentus yield and quality. Method Using randomized block experiment design. Three irrigation strategies were tested: CK (standard irrigation), RW20 (20% water reduction), and RW40 (40% water reduction). Mulchin treatments included film mulching (FM) and no film mulching (NFM). Results Results revealed substantial effects of film mulching and drip irrigation on soil nutrients and physical properties, with minor influence on grass, root, and tuber stoichiometry. PF treatment, DI treatments, and their interaction significantly affected C. esculentus forage and tuber yields. Initially, grass and tuber yields increased and then decreased with reduced irrigation. The highest yields were under RW20 (3716.31 and 4758.19 kg/ha). FM increased grass and tuber yield by 17.99% and 8.46%, respectively, over NFM. The water reduction augmented the biomass distribuiton of the leaf and root, while reducing the tuber biomass in NFM. FM significantely impacted grass ether extract content, while reduced water influenced grass and tuber crude protein and tuber ether extract content. Mild water stress increased ether extract, crude protein, and soluble matter in grass and tubers, while excessive RW decreased them. Conclusion Integrating soil traits, nutrients, yield, and quality, findings indicate C. esculentus yield and quality primarily hinge on soil water content, pond hydrogenase, and electrical conductivity. Based on this results, the recommended strategy is to reduce irrigation by 20% for cultivating C. esculentus in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Ding
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Waqar Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fanjiang Zeng
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Saleem MW, Ali S, Usman M, Chaudhary TN, Ullah A, Arslan M, Hameed AU. Integration of capacitive deionization and forward osmosis for high water recovery and ultrapure water production: concept, modelling and performance analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024:1-22. [PMID: 38471075 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2326798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Forward Osmosis (FO), a membrane desalination technology and Capacitive Deionization (CDI), an electrically operated desalination technology, are numerically integrated utilizing four different configurations for the high-water recovery rate and ultrapure water production from brackish water resource. To minimize the wastewater rejection, the CDI desorption stream is continuously fed to the FO unit, efficiently recovering the remaining freshwater. To produce ultrapure water, freshwater stream obtained from FO is provided to the CDI cell, which adsorbs the remaining dissolved solute particles. These two configurations serve the purpose of both industrial as well as domestic water supply requirements. Continuing this concept, the formation of the other two configurations allows us to obtain fresh water and ultrapure water simultaneously and up to a 90% freshwater recovery rate for the areas with inadequate supply. The performance parameters to assess the integration are the Water Recovery Rate (WRR) and Specific Energy Consumption (SEC). The first configuration (CDI-FO), proposed for a high freshwater recovery rate, resulted in 79.33% WRR with an SEC of 0.689 kWh / m 3 . While, for the second configuration (FO-CDI), 34.25% water was recovered as 2.87 ppm ultrapure water along with 34.25% freshwater. The third proposed configuration (CDI-FO-CDI) had a WRR of 79.33%, 14.67% of which was recovered as ultrapure water of concentration 2.86 ppm. The fourth configuration (CDI-FO-FO) developed for high water recovery, removed the maximum of water from the feed stream with a WRR of 91.33% and remained energy-efficient, consuming an SEC of 0.908kWh / m 3 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Wajid Saleem
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Media, De Montfort University Dubai, Dubai, UAE
| | - Samar Ali
- School of Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET) Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Nawaz Chaudhary
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Arts, Science and Technology, University of Northampton, Northampton, UK
| | - Assad Ullah
- Department of Civil & Architectural Engineering and Construction Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET) Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ullah Hameed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET) Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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9
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Nguyen MN, Jue ML, Buchsbaum SF, Park SJ, Vollnhals F, Christiansen S, Fornasiero F, Schäfer AI. Interplay of the forces governing steroid hormone micropollutant adsorption in vertically-aligned carbon nanotube membrane nanopores. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1114. [PMID: 38321016 PMCID: PMC10847130 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44883-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Vertically-aligned carbon nanotube (VaCNT) membranes allow water to conduct rapidly at low pressures and open up the possibility for water purification and desalination, although the ultralow viscous stress in hydrophobic and low-tortuosity nanopores prevents surface interactions with contaminants. In this experimental investigation, steroid hormone micropollutant adsorption by VaCNT membranes is quantified and explained via the interplay of the hydrodynamic drag and friction forces acting on the hormone, and the adhesive and repulsive forces between the hormone and the inner carbon nanotube wall. It is concluded that a drag force above 2.2 × 10-3 pN overcomes the friction force resulting in insignificant adsorption, whereas lowering the drag force from 2.2 × 10-3 to 4.3 × 10-4 pN increases the adsorbed mass of hormones from zero to 0.4 ng cm-2. At a low drag force of 1.6 × 10-3 pN, the adsorbed mass of four hormones is correlated with the hormone-wall adhesive (van der Waals) force. These findings explain micropollutant adsorption in nanopores via the forces acting on the micropollutant along and perpendicular to the flow, which can be exploited for selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh N Nguyen
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Melinda L Jue
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA, US
| | - Steven F Buchsbaum
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA, US
| | - Sei Jin Park
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA, US
| | - Florian Vollnhals
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Correlative Microscopy (INAM), Forchheim, Germany
| | - Silke Christiansen
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Correlative Microscopy (INAM), Forchheim, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems (IKTS), Forchheim, Germany
| | - Francesco Fornasiero
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA, US
| | - Andrea I Schäfer
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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10
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Zhang W, Xue W, Zhang C, Xiao K. Towards long-term operation of flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI): Optimization of operating parameters and regeneration of flow-electrode. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24940. [PMID: 38312617 PMCID: PMC10834994 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This study systematically optimized the key operating parameters and interpreted their effecting mechanisms in a flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) system. The optimal voltage, activated carbon electrode content, electrolyte concentration, feedwater flowrate, and electrode flowrate for desalinating low salinity feedwater (1.0 g L-1 NaCl) were determined to be 1.8 V, 2.0 wt%, 10.0 g L-1, 80 mL min-1, and 60 mL min-1, respectively. The variations of the above parameters can affect the system conductivity, the thickness and stability of the electric double layers, and/or the degree of concentration polarization, thereby influencing the desalination performance. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis identified the operating voltage as the dominant parameter with the most significant influence on the FCDI system. Subsequently, a long-term operation was carried out under single-pass mode. The results showed that the lab-scale FCDI system was able to constantly maintain the desalination efficiency of 1.0 g L-1 feedwater (NaCl) at 40-60 % for multiple operating cycles. Over 99.8 % of electrode material regeneration and desalination efficiency recovery was able to be obtained during a 60-h operation, demonstrating that the FCDI system showed strong stability and long-term operation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanni Zhang
- Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Change, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Wenchao Xue
- Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Change, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Chunpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Ministry of Education), College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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11
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Razman KK, Hanafiah MM, Mohammad AW, Agashichev S, Sgouridis S, AlMarzooqi F. Environmental performance of a photovoltaic brackish water reverse osmosis for a cleaner desalination process: A case study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165244. [PMID: 37394066 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane-based desalination system with various configurations has emerged as a critical option for reclaiming brackish water. This study aims to evaluate the environmental performance of the combination of photovoltaic-reverse osmosis (PVRO) membrane treatment system via life cycle assessment (LCA). The LCA was calculated using SimaPro v9 software with ReCiPe 2016 methodology and EcoInvent 3.8 database following the ISO 14040/44 series. The findings identified the chemical and electricity consumption at both the midpoint and endpoint level across all impact categories with terrestrial ecotoxicity (27.59 kg 1,4-DCB), human non-carcinogenic toxicity potential (8.06 kg 1,4-DCB) and GWP (4.33 kg CO2 eq) as the highest impacts for the PVRO treatment. As for the endpoint level, the desalination system affected human health, ecosystems and resources at 1.39 × 10-5 DALY, 1.49 × 10-7 species·year and 0.25 USD2013 respectively. The construction phase for the overall PVRO treatment plant was also assessed and impacted less significantly compared to the operational phase. Three different scenarios (i.e. S1: Grid input (Baseline); S2: Photovoltaic (PV)/Battery; S3: PV/Grid) based on different sources of electricity used were also compared as electricity consumption is one of the significant impacts in the operational phase. The study found that S2 had the lowest environmental impact, while S1 contributed the highest when both midpoint and endpoint approaches are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalisah Khairina Razman
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Marlia M Hanafiah
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre for Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Abdul Wahab Mohammad
- Chemical and Water Desalination Engineering Program, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sergey Agashichev
- Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA) Research & Development Centre, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sgouris Sgouridis
- Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA) Research & Development Centre, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Faisal AlMarzooqi
- Centre for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Masdar Institute, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Chemical Engineering, Masdar Institute, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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12
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Kazi OA, Chen W, Eatman JG, Gao F, Liu Y, Wang Y, Xia Z, Darling SB. Material Design Strategies for Recovery of Critical Resources from Water. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300913. [PMID: 37000538 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Population growth, urbanization, and decarbonization efforts are collectively straining the supply of limited resources that are necessary to produce batteries, electronics, chemicals, fertilizers, and other important products. Securing the supply chains of these critical resources via the development of separation technologies for their recovery represents a major global challenge to ensure stability and security. Surface water, groundwater, and wastewater are emerging as potential new sources to bolster these supply chains. Recently, a variety of material-based technologies have been developed and employed for separations and resource recovery in water. Judicious selection and design of these materials to tune their properties for targeting specific solutes is central to realizing the potential of water as a source for critical resources. Here, the materials that are developed for membranes, sorbents, catalysts, electrodes, and interfacial solar steam generators that demonstrate promise for applications in critical resource recovery are reviewed. In addition, a critical perspective is offered on the grand challenges and key research directions that need to be addressed to improve their practical viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A Kazi
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Wen Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jamila G Eatman
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Yining Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Zijing Xia
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Seth B Darling
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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13
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Kumar S, Aldaqqa NM, Alhseinat E, Shetty D. Electrode Materials for Desalination of Water via Capacitive Deionization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202302180. [PMID: 37052355 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202302180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen the emergence of capacitive deionization (CDI) as a promising desalination technique for converting sea and wastewater into potable water, due to its energy efficiency and eco-friendly nature. However, its low salt removal capacity and parasitic reactions have limited its effectiveness. As a result, the development of porous carbon nanomaterials as electrode materials have been explored, while taking into account of material characteristics such as morphology, wettability, high conductivity, chemical robustness, cyclic stability, specific surface area, and ease of production. To tackle the parasitic reaction issue, membrane capacitive deionization (mCDI) was proposed which utilizes ion-exchange membranes coupled to the electrode. Fabrication techniques along with the experimental parameters used to evaluate the desalination performance of different materials are discussed in this review to provide an overview of improvements made for CDI and mCDI desalination purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Najat Maher Aldaqqa
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Emad Alhseinat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dinesh Shetty
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Advanced Materials Chemistry Center (AMCC), Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Catalysis & Separation (CeCaS), Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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14
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Hao Z, Sun X, Chen J, Zhou X, Zhang Y. Recent Progress and Challenges in Faradic Capacitive Desalination: From Mechanism to Performance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300253. [PMID: 37093194 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to substantial consumption and widespread contamination of the available freshwater resources, green, economical, and sustainable water recycling technologies are urgently needed. Recently, Faradic capacitive deionization (CDI), an emerging desalination technology, has shown great desalination potential due to its high salt removal ability, low consumption, and hardly any co-ion exclusion effect. However, the ion removal mechanisms and structure-property relationships of Faradic CDI are still unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize the current research progress and challenges of Faradic CDI. In this review, the recent progress of Faradic CDI from five aspects is systematically reviewed: cell architectures, desalination mechanisms, evaluation indicators, operation modes, and electrode materials. The working mechanisms of Faradic CDI are classified as insertion reaction, conversion reaction, ion-redox species interaction, and ion-redox couple interaction in the electrolytes. The intrinsic and desalination properties of a series of Na+ and Cl- capturing materials are described in detail in terms of design concepts, structural analysis, and synthesis modulation. In addition, the effects of different cell architectures, operation modes, and electrode materials on the desalination performance of Faradic CDI are also investigated. Finally, the work summarizes the challenges remaining in Faradic CDI and provides the prospects and directions for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaoqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiabin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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15
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Elewa MM, El Batouti M, Al-Harby NF. A Comparison of Capacitive Deionization and Membrane Capacitive Deionization Using Novel Fabricated Ion Exchange Membranes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4872. [PMID: 37445186 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Another technique for desalination, known as membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI), has been investigated as an alternative. This approach has the potential to lower the voltage that is required, in addition to improving the ability to renew the electrodes. In this study, the desalination effectiveness of capacitive deionization (CDI) was compared to that of MCDI, employing newly produced cellulose acetate ion exchange membranes (IEMs), which were utilized for the very first time in MCDI. As expected, the salt adsorption and charge efficiency of MCDI were shown to be higher than those of CDI. Despite this, the unique electrosorption behavior of the former reveals that ion transport via the IEMs is a crucial rate-controlling step in the desalination process. We monitored the concentration of salt in the CDI and MCDI effluent streams, but we also evaluated the pH of the effluent stream in each of these systems and investigated the factors that may have caused these shifts. The significant change in pH that takes place during one adsorption and desorption cycle in CDI (pH range: 2.3-11.6) may cause problems in feed water that already contains components that are prone to scaling. In the case of MCDI, the fall in pH was only slightly more noticeable. Based on these findings, it appears that CDI and MCDI are promising new desalination techniques that has the potential to be more ecologically friendly and efficient than conventional methods of desalination. MCDI has some advantages over CDI in its higher salt removal efficiency, faster regeneration, and longer lifetime, but it is also more expensive and complex. The best choice for a particular application will depend on the specific requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Elewa
- Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria P.O. Box 1029, Egypt
| | - Mervette El Batouti
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Nouf F Al-Harby
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Zhang W, Xue W, Xiao K, Visvanathan C, Tang J, Li L. Selection and optimization of carbon-based electrode materials for flow-electrode capacitive deionization. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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17
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Wang X, Liang M, Zhang J, Chen X, Zaw M, Oo TZ, Lwin NW, Aung SH, Chen Y, Chen F. Double-photoelectrode redox desalination of seawater. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 239:120051. [PMID: 37182310 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
High energy consumption and low salt removal rate are key barriers to realizing practical electrochemical seawater desalination processes. Here, we demonstrate a novel solar-driven redox flow desalination device with double photoelectrodes to achieve efficient desalination without electrical energy consumption. The device consists of three parts: one photoanode unit, one photocathode unit, and one redox flow desalination unit sandwiched between the two photoelectrode units. The photoelectrode units include a TiO2 photoanode and a NiO photocathode sensitized with N719 dye, triiodide/iodide redox electrolyte, and graphite paper integrated electrodes decorated with 3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene. Two salt feeds are located between two ferro/ferricyanide redox flow chambers. Under light illumination, high-quality freshwater is obtained from brackish water containing different concentrations of NaCl from 1000 to 12,000 ppm with a high NaCl removal rate. The device can work in multiple desalination cycles without significant performance declines. Furthermore, natural seawater with an ionic conductivity of 53.45 mS cm-1 is desalinated to freshwater. This new design opens opportunities to realize efficient and practical solar-driven desalination processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, PR China; School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Mengjun Liang
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory for High-Efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China
| | - Jiancong Zhang
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xuncai Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Mono Zaw
- Department of Physics, Materials Research Laboratory, University of Mandalay, Mandalay 05032, Burma
| | - Than Zaw Oo
- Department of Physics, Materials Research Laboratory, University of Mandalay, Mandalay 05032, Burma
| | - Nyein Wint Lwin
- Department of Physics, Materials Research Laboratory, University of Mandalay, Mandalay 05032, Burma
| | - Su Htike Aung
- Department of Physics, Materials Research Laboratory, University of Mandalay, Mandalay 05032, Burma
| | - Yuan Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Fuming Chen
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, PR China; School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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18
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Kim Y, Cho H, Choi Y, Koo J, Lee S. Optimization and Evaluation for the Capacitive Deionization Process of Wastewater Reuse in Combined Cycle Power Plants. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:316. [PMID: 36984703 PMCID: PMC10051048 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Combined cycle power plants (CCPPs) use large amounts of water withdrawn from nearby rivers and generate wastewater containing ions and pollutants. Despite the need for wastewater reclamation, few technologies can successfully convert the wastewater into make-up water for CCPPs. Therefore, this study aimed to apply capacitive deionization (CDI) for wastewater reclamation in CCPPs. Using a bench-scale experimental unit, which included ion exchange membranes and carbon electrodes, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the operating conditions of the CDI process to increase the total dissolved solids (TDS) removal and product water ratio. The optimal conditions were found to be a voltage of 1.5 V, a flow rate of 15 mL/min, and an adsorption/desorption ratio of 1:0.8. The changes in CDI performance with time were also studied, and the foulants on the membranes, spacers, and electrodes were examined to understand the fouling mechanism. The TDS removal decreased from 93.65% to 55.70% after 10 days of operation due to the deposition of scale and organic matter. After chemical cleaning, the TDS removal rate recovered to 93.02%, which is close to the initial condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesol Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kookimin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongrak Cho
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kookimin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjun Choi
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kookimin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewuk Koo
- Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, 283 Goyang-daero, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si 10223, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Lee
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kookimin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
- Desalination Technologies Research Institute (DTRI), Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC), P.O. Box WQ36+XJP, Al Jubayl 35417, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Luong VT, Cañas Kurz EE, Hellriegel U, Dinh DN, Tran HT, Figoli A, Gabriele B, Luu TL, Hoinkis J. Modular desalination concept with low-pressure reverse osmosis and capacitive deionization: Performance study of a pilot plant in Vietnam in comparison to seawater reverse osmosis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 329:117078. [PMID: 36571949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) has shown many advances, however, its performance in combination with other treatment technologies has not been widely reported. In this study, a pilot-scale low-pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO) (FilmTec™ XLE-2540) with MCDI (CapDI© C17, Voltea) was developed and tested as a promising modular desalination system. The systems were evaluated individually at different salinities and tested together as a modular system. The study focused in the comparison to conventional seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) (FilmTec™ SW30-2540) at pilot-scale and in theory using the software Water Application Value Engine (WAVE, DuPont™), including a cost evaluation of the systems. Pilot tests were carried out in Can Gio, a riverine estuary region in South Vietnam, which is affected by progressive salinization (TDS ≈ 1-25 g/L). Drinking water quality (TDS < 600 mg/L) was achieved with a specific energy consumption (SEC) of 5.2 kWh/m³. Additionally, fouling mitigation was investigated for the ultrafiltration (UF) pre-treatment by periodic hydraulic and chemical enhanced backwashing. While the SWRO had a slightly lower SEC of 5.0 kWh/m³, WAVE calculations showed that lowering the SEC to 3.6 kWh/m³ is possible by improving the LPRO pump design and an optimization of the MCDI operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu T Luong
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, P.O. Box 20, 53851, Lappeenranta, Finland; Vietnamese-German University, Le Lai Street, Hoa Phu Ward, Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam
| | - Edgardo E Cañas Kurz
- Center of Applied Research, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Moltkestr. 30, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany; Laboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci 12/C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council (ITM-CNR), Via Pietro Bucci 17/C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Ulrich Hellriegel
- Center of Applied Research, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Moltkestr. 30, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany; Laboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci 12/C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council (ITM-CNR), Via Pietro Bucci 17/C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Duc N Dinh
- Vietnamese-German University, Le Lai Street, Hoa Phu Ward, Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam; Center of Applied Research, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Moltkestr. 30, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hang T Tran
- Vietnamese-German University, Le Lai Street, Hoa Phu Ward, Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam
| | - Alberto Figoli
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council (ITM-CNR), Via Pietro Bucci 17/C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Bartolo Gabriele
- Laboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci 12/C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Tran L Luu
- Vietnamese-German University, Le Lai Street, Hoa Phu Ward, Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam
| | - Jan Hoinkis
- Center of Applied Research, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Moltkestr. 30, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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20
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Distributed desalination using solar energy: A technoeconomic framework to decarbonize nontraditional water treatment. iScience 2023; 26:105966. [PMID: 36756368 PMCID: PMC9900398 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Desalination using renewable energy offers a route to transform our incumbent linear consumption model to a circular one. This transition will also shift desalination from large-scale centralized coastal facilities toward modular distributed inland plants. This new scale of desalination can be satisfied using solar energy to decarbonize water production, but additional considerations, such as storage and inland brine management, become important. Here, we evaluate the levelized cost of water for 16 solar desalination system configurations at 2 different salinities. For fossil fuel-driven plants, we find that zero-liquid discharge is economically favorable to inland brine disposal. For renewable desalination, we discover that solar-thermal energy is superior to photovoltaics due to low thermal storage cost and that energy storage, despite being expensive, outperforms water storage as the latter has a low utilization factor. The analysis also yields a promising outlook for solar desalination by 2030 as solar generation and storage costs decrease.
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21
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Sufiani O, Sahini MG, Elisadiki J. Towards attaining SDG 6: The opportunities available for capacitive deionization technology to provide clean water to the African population. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114671. [PMID: 36341793 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The unavailability of clean water caused by population growth, increased industrial activities, and global climate change is a major challenge in many communities. A number of desalination technologies including distillation, reverse osmosis and electrodialysis, have been used to supplement the available water resources. However, these technologies are energy intensive and demand a significant financial commitment. Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging desalination technology which is promising to provide water at a reasonable cost, especially in societies with limited incomes such as those in Africa. The opportunities for CDI to provide clean water to the African population are discussed in this paper. These opportunities include electrosorption at low potential, low energy consumption, large quantities of agricultural wastes for the production of electrode materials, high sunshine irradiation throughout the year, suitability for disinfection and defluoridation and its applications in the removal of heavy metals and emerging pollutants. Due to the existence of numerous enabling conditions, the analysis from this paper demonstrates that CDI can be a dependable method to provide clean water in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omari Sufiani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 338, Dodoma, Tanzania.
| | - Mtabazi G Sahini
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 338, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Joyce Elisadiki
- Department of Physics, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 338, Dodoma, Tanzania
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22
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Maftouh A, El Fatni O, Bouzekri S, Rajabi F, Sillanpää M, Butt MH. Economic feasibility of solar-powered reverse osmosis water desalination: a comparative systemic review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:2341-2354. [PMID: 36380176 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to disparities in the allocation of rainwater and drought, extreme exploitation of groundwater reservoirs has depleted water supplies in many locations. In addition, improper disposal of domestic and industrial waste leads to poor drainage and deterioration of water quality. According to studies, desalination methods are an effective solution for treating unconventional water, i.e., sea and brackish water, and making it usable in daily life. Solar-powered desalination has recently received a great deal of attention around the world. Herein, we summarized challenges and future perspectives associated with solar-powered desalination units. Some hybrid technologies are also discussed like solar-wind desalination and RO-ED crystallizer technology in Morocco and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Previously, most experimental studies focused on the use of solar energy in traditional desalination methods such as multistage flash and multi-effect distillation. Desalination with reverse osmosis has become popular due to membrane technology improvement and benefits like high recovery ratios and low energy consumption. Furthermore, it has been seen that solar energy is less expensive than the energy obtained from traditional fuels in the MENA area. This article aims to comparatively and systematically review the economic feasibility of the use of solar photovoltaic reverse osmosis in desalination in the MENA region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Maftouh
- LPHE-Modeling & Simulations, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University in Rabat, B.P. 1014, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Omkaltoume El Fatni
- LPHE-Modeling & Simulations, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University in Rabat, B.P. 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Siham Bouzekri
- Laboratory of Spectroscopy, Molecular Modeling, Materials, Nanomaterials, Water and Environment, Materials for Environment Team, ENSAM, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fateme Rajabi
- Department of Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Applied Physics, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Chemistry, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade, Denmark
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23
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Guo X, Liu C, Feng B, Hao Y. Evaluation of Membrane Fouling Control for Brackish Water Treatment Using a Modified Polyamide Composite Nanofiltration Membrane. MEMBRANES 2022; 13:38. [PMID: 36676845 PMCID: PMC9866803 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In northwest China, the limited amount of water resources are classified mostly as brackish water. Nanofiltration is a widely applied desalination technology used for brackish water treatment; however, membrane fouling restricts its application. Herein, we modified the membrane with triethanolamine (TEOA) and optimized the operating conditions (transmembrane pressure, temperature, and crossflow velocity) to control the nanofiltration membrane fouling by brackish water. Based on the physiochemical characteristics and desalination performance of the prepared membranes, the membrane modified with 2% TEOA (MPCM2) was identified as the optimal membrane, and 0.5 MPa, 25 °C, and 7 cm/s were identified as the optimal operating conditions through a series of nanofiltration experiments. Moreover, the membrane cleaning procedure for fouled MPCM2 was further determined, and a two-step cleaning procedure using ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium followed by HCl with a permeance recovery rate of 98.77% was identified as the optimal cleaning procedure. Furthermore, the characterizations of the fouled and cleaned MPCM2 showed that the optimized cleaning procedure could recover the properties of MPCM2 to near virgin. This study is of great significance for the long-term stable operation of nanofiltration processes in brackish water treatment to ensure the supply of healthy water in the water-deficient areas of northwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebai Guo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Henan Vocational College of Water Conservancy and Environment, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Cuixia Liu
- School of Energy & Environment, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Bin Feng
- CCTEG Chongqing Engineering (Group) Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yuanfeng Hao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Henan Vocational College of Water Conservancy and Environment, Zhengzhou 450008, China
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24
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Activated Carbon Aerogel as an Electrode with High Specific Capacitance for Capacitive Deionization. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10112330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, carbon aerogels (CAs) were synthesized by the sol-gel method, using environmentally friendly glucose as a precursor, and then they were further activated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) to obtain activated carbon aerogels (ACAs). After the activation, the electrochemical performance of the ACAs was significantly improved, and the specific capacitance increased from 19.70 F·g−1 to 111.89 F·g−1. Moreover, the ACAs showed a stronger hydrophilicity with the contact angle of 118.54° compared with CAs (69.31°). When used as an electrode for capacitive deionization (CDI), the ACAs had not only a better diffuse electric double layer behavior, but also a lower charge transfer resistance and intrinsic resistance. Thus, the ACA electrode had a faster CDI desalination rate and a higher desalination capacity. The unit adsorption capacity is three times larger than that of the CA electrode. In the desalination experiment of 100 mg·L−1 sodium chloride (NaCl) solution using a CDI device based on the ACA electrode, the optimal electrode spacing was 2 mm, the voltage was 1.4 V, and the flow rate was 30 mL·min−1. When the NaCl concentration was 500 mg·L−1, the unit adsorption capacity of the ACA electrode reached 26.12 mg·g−1, much higher than that which has been reported in many literatures. The desalination process followed the Langmuir model, and the electro-sorption of the NaCl was a single layer adsorption process. In addition, the ACA electrode exhibited a good regeneration performance and cycle stability.
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Novel ecofriendly cation exchange membranes for low-cost electrodialysis of brackish water: Desalination and antiscaling performance. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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26
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Ijaz I, Bukhari A, Gilani E, Nazir A, Zain H. Compositing of MOFs with ceramic and nanoparticles for efficient and rapid adsorptive desalination of artificial seawater or NaCl solution. RSC Adv 2022; 12:29793-29804. [PMID: 36329944 PMCID: PMC9585531 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04182k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor water availability with the fast-growing population creates crucial issues for universal water security, and efficient approaches ought to be accomplished to balance the demand and supply. One of the most energy- and cost-effective methods for removing NaCl is adsorption desalination. Metal-organic frameworks with ceramic and nanoparticles are a comparatively new research route that increases the desalination capacity. The synthesized composites were examined for efficient and rapid removal of NaCl from NaCl solution or artificial seawater. The adsorption desalination properties were analyzed based on adsorption isotherm, adsorption kinetics, contact time, NaCl, and adsorbent dosage. The adsorptive desalination rate of ZnO@MIL88A(Fe)@α-cordierite composite was only decreased by 4% as the maximum loss after 5 consecutive cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ijaz
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Mathematics, Minhaj University LahoreLahore 54700Pakistan
| | - Aysha Bukhari
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Mathematics, Minhaj University LahoreLahore 54700Pakistan
| | - Ezaz Gilani
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Mathematics, Minhaj University LahoreLahore 54700Pakistan
| | - Ammara Nazir
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Mathematics, Minhaj University LahoreLahore 54700Pakistan
| | - Hina Zain
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Superior University LahoreLahore 54700Pakistan
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Varjani S. Prospective review on bioelectrochemical systems for wastewater treatment: Achievements, hindrances and role in sustainable environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 841:156691. [PMID: 35714749 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are a relatively new arena for producing bioelectricity, desalinating sea water, and treating industrial effluents by removing organic matter. Microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) are promising for obtaining value-added products during simultaneous remediation of pollutants from wastewater. The search for more affordable desalination technology has led to the development of microbial desalination cells (MDCs). MDC combines the operation of microbial fuel cells (MFC) with electrodialysis for water desalination and energy generation. It has received notable interest of researchers in desalination and wastewater treatment because of low energy requirement and eco-friendly nature. Firstly, this article provides a brief overview of MDC technology. Secondly, factors affecting functioning of MDC and its applications have been accentuated. Additionally, challenges and future outlook on the development of this technology have been delineated. State-of-the-art information provided in this review would expand the scope of interdisciplinary and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382 010, Gujarat, India.
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Al-Obaidi MA, Zubo RHA, Rashid FL, Dakkama HJ, Abd-Alhameed R, Mujtaba IM. Evaluation of Solar Energy Powered Seawater Desalination Processes: A Review. ENERGIES 2022; 15:6562. [DOI: 10.3390/en15186562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Solar energy, amongst all renewable energies, has attracted inexhaustible attention all over the world as a supplier of sustainable energy. The energy requirement of major seawater desalination processes such as multistage flash (MSF), multi-effect distillation (MED) and reverse osmosis (RO) are fulfilled by burning fossil fuels, which impact the environment significantly due to the emission of greenhouse gases. The integration of solar energy systems into seawater desalination processes is an attractive and alternative solution to fossil fuels. This study aims to (i) assess the progress of solar energy systems including concentrated solar power (CSP) and photovoltaic (PV) to power both thermal and membrane seawater desalination processes including MSF, MED, and RO and (ii) evaluate the economic considerations and associated challenges with recommendations for further improvements. Thus, several studies on a different combination of seawater desalination processes of solar energy systems are reviewed and analysed concerning specific energy consumption and freshwater production cost. It is observed that although solar energy systems have the potential of reducing carbon footprint significantly, the cost of water production still favours the use of fossil fuels. Further research and development on solar energy systems are required to make their use in desalination economically viable. Alternatively, the carbon tax on the use of fossil fuels may persuade desalination industries to adopt renewable energy such as solar.
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29
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Jiang Y, Jin L, Wei D, Alhassan SI, Wang H, Chai L. Energy Consumption in Capacitive Deionization for Desalination: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10599. [PMID: 36078322 PMCID: PMC9517846 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging eco-friendly desalination technology with mild operation conditions. However, the energy consumption of CDI has not yet been comprehensively summarized, which is closely related to the economic cost. Hence, this study aims to review the energy consumption performances and mechanisms in the literature of CDI, and to reveal a future direction for optimizing the consumed energy. The energy consumption of CDI could be influenced by a variety of internal and external factors. Ion-exchange membrane incorporation, flow-by configuration, constant current charging mode, lower electric field intensity and flowrate, electrode material with a semi-selective surface or high wettability, and redox electrolyte are the preferred elements for low energy consumption. In addition, the consumed energy in CDI could be reduced to be even lower by energy regeneration. By combining the favorable factors, the optimization of energy consumption (down to 0.0089 Wh·gNaCl-1) could be achieved. As redox flow desalination has the benefits of a high energy efficiency and long lifespan (~20,000 cycles), together with the incorporation of energy recovery (over 80%), a robust future tendency of energy-efficient CDI desalination is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Jiang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Linfeng Jin
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Dun Wei
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Sikpaam Issaka Alhassan
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Haiying Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
- Water Pollution Control Technology Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Liyuan Chai
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
- Water Pollution Control Technology Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha 410083, China
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30
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Xiang S, Mao H, Geng W, Xu Y, Zhou H. Selective removal of Sr(II) from saliferous radioactive wastewater by capacitive deionization. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 431:128591. [PMID: 35247739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
90Sr-containing radioactive wastewater during Fukushima nuclear accident (FNA) aroused extensive consideration for its disposal. Massive coexisted Na+ ions seriously inhibited Sr2+ removal, aggravating the expenditure of radioactive wastewater treatment. Herein, a chestnut shell derived porous carbon material modified with aryl diazonium salt (ADS) of sodium 4-aminoazobenzene-4'-sulfonate (SPAC) was developed as capacitive deionization electrode for selective removal of Sr2+ from saliferous radioactive wastewater. Based on ADS modification, the Sr2+ electrosorption capacity of SPAC electrode was improved to 33.11 mg g-1 with fast ion removal rate of 2.89 mg g-1 min-1, comparing with only 16.10 mg g-1 before modification. The isothermal adsorption and kinetics by SPAC electrode fitted well with Langmuir and pseudo-second-order model, achieving a maximum Sr2+ electrosorption capacity of 58.21 mg g-1, superior cycling stability, and excellent charge efficiency (77.63%). Fascinatingly, the SPAC electrode exhibited superhigh Sr2+ selectivity of 70.65 against Na+ in Na+-Sr2+ mixed solution with molar ratio of Na+:Sr2+ as 20:1. Density functional theory (DFT) simulation, combining with electrochemical and spectral analyses, revealed that the high overlap of electron cloud between Sr2+ ion and anionic sulfonic group (-SO3-) provided SPAC with remarkable selectivity of Sr2+ ion, and illustrated the ion-swapping mechanism of Sr2+ selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Hengjian Mao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Wusong Geng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Yingsheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Hongjian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
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31
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Panagopoulos A. Study and evaluation of the characteristics of saline wastewater (brine) produced by desalination and industrial plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:23736-23749. [PMID: 34816342 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Desalination and industrial plants all around the world generate large amounts of saline wastewater (brine). The discharge of brine from facilities poses a severe environmental threat, while at the same time, the opportunity to recover resources is being lost as discharged brine is rich in valuable metals that could be recovered as salts/minerals. To this aim, this study presents and analyzes for the first time the characteristics of different brine effluents (from industries such as desalination, oil and gas production, petrochemical, aquaculture, pharmaceutical, textile) to prevent environmental pollution and to recover valuable resources (i.e., salts, minerals, metals, chemicals) enabling the concept of waste-to-resource (circular water economy model). The results revealed that the common salinity values in brine effluents range from 0.5 to 150 g/L, while the only exception is the produced water from the oil and gas industry (up to 400 g/L). Brine effluents from all sectors contain sodium, chloride, calcium, and potassium ions in high concentrations, while the production of common salts such as NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2 from brine can be economically profitable. Besides common ions, precious metals such as lithium, rubidium, and cesium are present in low concentrations (<25 mg/L); however, their extraction from brine effluents can be significantly profitable due to their very high sale price. The treatment and valorization of brine can be implemented by the hybridization of membrane-based, chemical, biological, and thermal-based technologies/processes in minimal and zero liquid discharge (MLD/ZLD) systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyris Panagopoulos
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou St., Zografou, 15780, Athens, Greece.
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32
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Jeevadason AW, Padmini S, Bharatiraja C, Kabeel AE. A review on diverse combinations and Energy-Exergy-Economics (3E) of hybrid solar still desalination. DESALINATION 2022; 527:115587. [DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2022.115587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Zhao J, Dong L, Chen Q, Wang J. Eco-friendly and low-cost homogeneous cation exchange membranes functionalized by sodium dodecyl sulfate and applied in fine desalination. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Enhanced anti-wetting and anti-fouling properties of composite PFPE/PVDF membrane in vacuum membrane distillation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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35
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Zhang H, Zhang F, Li A, Zhao B, Li D, Liu Y, Yang Y, Li F, Liu R, Wei Y. Controllable synthesis of Na, K-based titanium oxide nanoribbons as functional electrodes for supercapacitors and separation of aqueous ions. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05811h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By facile controllable preparation, as-synthesized NTO and KTO exhibit remarkable electrochemical behavior for the applications of supercapacitors and capacitive deionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Fang Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Aiyang Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Environmental Standard Institute, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
| | - Danni Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yifei Liu
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, P. R. China
| | - Fangzhou Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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36
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Nguyen TKA, Kuncoro EP, Doong RA. Manganese ferrite decorated N-doped polyacrylonitrile-based carbon nanofiber for the enhanced capacitive deionization. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Wang H, Sun W, Liu Y, Ma H, Li T, Lin KA, Yin K, Luo S. Large-scale chemical vapor deposition synthesis of graphene nanoribbions/carbon nanotubes composite for enhanced membrane capacitive deionization. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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38
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Delfani E, Khodabakhshi A, Habibzadeh S, Naji L, Ganjali MR. Novel mesoporous Co 3O 4-Sb 2O 3-SnO 2 active material in high-performance capacitive deionization. RSC Adv 2021; 12:907-920. [PMID: 35425095 PMCID: PMC8978830 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07557h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI), as an emerging eco-friendly electrochemical brackish water deionization technology, has widely benefited from carbon/metal oxide composite electrodes. However, this technique still requires further development of the electrode materials to tackle the ion removal capacity/rate issues. In the present work, we introduce a novel active carbon (AC)/Co3O4-Sb2O3-SnO2 active material for hybrid electrode capacitive deionization (HECDI) systems. The structure and morphology of the developed electrodes were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)/Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) techniques, as well as Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The electrochemical properties were also investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The CDI active materials AC/Co3O4 and AC/Co3O4-Sb2O3-SnO2 showed a high specific capacity of 96 and 124 F g-1 at the scan rate of 10 mV s-1, respectively. In addition, the newly-developed electrode AC/Co3O4-Sb2O3-SnO2 showed high capacity retention of 97.2% after 2000 cycles at 100 mV s-1. Moreover, the electrode displayed excellent CDI performance with an ion removal capacity of 52 mg g-1 at the applied voltage of 1.6 V and in a solution of potable water with initial electrical conductivity of 950 μs cm-1. The electrode displayed a high ion removal rate of 7.1 mg g-1 min-1 with an excellent desalination-regeneration capability while retaining about 99.5% of its ion removal capacity even after 100 CDI cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Delfani
- Surface Reaction and Advanced Energy Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) P.O. Box 15875-4413 Tehran Iran
| | - Alireza Khodabakhshi
- Surface Reaction and Advanced Energy Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) P.O. Box 15875-4413 Tehran Iran
| | - Sajjad Habibzadeh
- Surface Reaction and Advanced Energy Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) P.O. Box 15875-4413 Tehran Iran
| | - Leila Naji
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) P.O. Box 15875-4413 Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ganjali
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran P.O. Box 11155-4563 Tehran Iran
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Stochastic optimization-based approach for simultaneous process design and HEN synthesis of tightly-coupled RO-ORC-HI systems under seasonal uncertainty. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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40
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SONG X, FANG D, HUO S, SONG X, HE M, ZHANG W, LI K. Exceptional capacitive deionization desalination performance of hollow bowl-like carbon derived from MOFs in brackish water. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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41
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Mahar I, Memon FH, Lee JW, Kim KH, Ahmed R, Soomro F, Rehman F, Memon AA, Thebo KH, Choi KH. Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides (MXenes) for Water Purification and Antibacterial Applications. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:869. [PMID: 34832099 PMCID: PMC8623976 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, graphene oxide (GO), metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDS), boron nitride (BN), and layered double hydroxide (LDH) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely investigated as potential candidates in various separation applications because of their high mechanical strength, large surface area, ideal chemical and thermal stability, simplicity, ease of functionalization, environmental comparability, and good antibacterial performance. Recently, MXene as a new member of the 2D polymer family has attracted significant attention in water purification, desalination, gas separation, antibacterial, and antifouling applications. Herein, we review the most recent progress in the fabrication, preparation, and modification methods of MXene-based lamellar membranes with the emphasis on applications for water purification and desalination. Moreover, the antibacterial properties of MXene-based membranes show a significant potential for commercial use in water purification. Thus, this review provides a directional guide for future development in this emerging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inamullah Mahar
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry (NCEAC), University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76060, Sindh, Pakistan; (I.M.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Fida Hussain Memon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur 65200, Sindh, Pakistan;
- Advanced Micro Mechatronics Lab., Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea; (J.-W.L.); (K.H.K.)
| | - Jae-Wook Lee
- Advanced Micro Mechatronics Lab., Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea; (J.-W.L.); (K.H.K.)
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Advanced Micro Mechatronics Lab., Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea; (J.-W.L.); (K.H.K.)
| | - Rafique Ahmed
- Institute of Composite Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China;
| | - Faheeda Soomro
- Department of Linguistics and Human Sciences, Begum Nusrat Bhutto Women University, Sukkur 65200, Sindh, Pakistan;
| | - Faisal Rehman
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, College of EME, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Peshawar Road, Rawalpindi 43701, Punjab, Pakistan;
| | - Ayaz Ali Memon
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry (NCEAC), University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76060, Sindh, Pakistan; (I.M.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Khalid Hussain Thebo
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kyung Hyun Choi
- Advanced Micro Mechatronics Lab., Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea; (J.-W.L.); (K.H.K.)
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Ding J, Liang H, Zhu X, Xu D, Luo X, Wang Z, Bai L. Surface modification of nanofiltration membranes with zwitterions to enhance antifouling properties during brackish water treatment: A new concept of a “buffer layer”. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Norizam SS, Hussain MA, Junaidi MUM. Enhanced modelling and experimental validation of ultra-low pressure reverse osmosis membrane system for treatment of synthetic brackish water. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:3372-3387. [PMID: 34850734 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water purification from brackish water sources has been acknowledged as one of the most promising ways to produce drinkable water in water-scarce areas. In this study, an ultra-low pressure reverse osmosis (ULPRO) membrane was numerically and experimentally investigated to produce drinking water by the removal of sodium chloride salt which provides further validation of the model from a practical perspective. An enhanced predictive model based on the Donnan-Steric Pore Model with dielectric exclusion (DSPM-DE) incorporating the osmotic effects was formulated in process simulation. The feed pressure and concentration were optimized as input variables and interaction between them was observed, while salt rejection and water recovery rate were taken as response attributes. The results obtained on the ULPRO membrane showed that the performance depends on the charge, steric, and dielectric effects. Furthermore, the enhanced model was validated with the experimental data attained from a laboratory-scale filtration system with good accuracy in the salt rejection and water recovery results. Comparing the enhanced DSPM-DE with the existing solution diffusion model reveals that the enhanced model predicts the membrane performance better and thereby qualifies itself as a reliable model for desalination of brackish water using ULPRO membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saffa Syamimi Norizam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail:
| | - Mohd Azlan Hussain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: ; Center for Separation Science and Technology (CSST), Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Usman Mohd Junaidi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: ; Center for Separation Science and Technology (CSST), Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Son M, Jeong K, Yoon N, Shim J, Park S, Park J, Cho KH. Pharmaceutical removal at low energy consumption using membrane capacitive deionization. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130133. [PMID: 33690037 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The performance of the membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) system was evaluated during the removal of three selected pharmaceuticals, neutral acetaminophen (APAP), cationic atenolol (ATN), and anionic sulfamethoxazole (SMX), in batch experiments (feed solution: 2 mM NaCl and 0.01 mM of each pharmaceutical). Upon charging, the cationic ATN showed the highest removal rate of 97.65 ± 1.71%, followed by anionic SMX (93.22 ± 1.66%) and neutral APAP (68.08 ± 5.24%) due to the difference in electrostatic charge and hydrophobicity. The performance parameters (salt adsorption capacity, specific capacity, and cycling efficiency) and energy factors (specific energy consumption and recoverable energy) were further evaluated over ten consecutive cycles depending on the pharmaceutical addition. A significant decrease in the specific adsorption capacity (from 24.6 to ∼3 mg-NaCl g-1) and specific capacity (from 17.6 to ∼2.5 mAh g-1) were observed mainly due to the shortened charging and discharging time by pharmaceutical adsorption onto the electrode. This shortened charging time also led to an immediate drop in specific energy consumption from 0.41 to 0.04 Wh L-1. Collectively, these findings suggest that MCDI can efficiently remove pharmaceuticals at a low energy demand; however, its performance changes dramatically as the pharmaceuticals are present in the target water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Son
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanho Jeong
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakyung Yoon
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaegyu Shim
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghun Park
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkwan Park
- School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung Hwa Cho
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Li PF, Chen QB, Wang J, Dong L, Xu Y, Wang J, Zhao J. Converting softening nanofiltration brine into high-solubility liquid salts (HSLS) via electrodialysis metathesis: Effect of membrane type. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Chen CY, Wang SW, Kim H, Pan SY, Fan C, Lin YJ. Non-conventional water reuse in agriculture: A circular water economy. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 199:117193. [PMID: 33971532 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to the growing and diverse demands on water supply, exploitation of non-conventional sources of water has received much attention. Since water consumption for irrigation is the major contributor to total water withdrawal, the utilization of non-conventional sources of water for the purpose of irrigation is critical to assuring the sustainability of water resources. Although numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate and manage non-conventional water sources, little research has reviewed the suitability of available water technologies for improving water quality, so that water reclaimed from non-conventional supplies could be an alternative water resource for irrigation. This article provides a systematic overview of all aspects of regulation, technology and management to enable the innovative technology, thereby promoting and facilitating the reuse of non-conventional water. The study first reviews the requirements for water quantity and quality (i.e., physical, chemical, and biological parameters) for agricultural irrigation. Five candidate sources of non-conventional water were evaluated in terms of quantity and quality, namely rainfall/stormwater runoff, industrial cooling water, hydraulic fracturing wastewater, process wastewater, and domestic sewage. Water quality issues, such as suspended solids, biochemical/chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, total nitrogen, bacteria, and emerging contaminates, were assessed. Available technologies for improving the quality of non-conventional water were comprehensively investigated. The potential risks to plants, human health, and the environment posed by non-conventional water reuse for irrigation are also discussed. Lastly, three priority research directions, including efficient collection of non-conventional water, design of fit-for-purpose treatment, and deployment of energy-efficient processes, were proposed to provide guidance on the potential for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yang Chen
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Sheng-Wei Wang
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Hyunook Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 90 Jeonnong-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504 South Korea
| | - Shu-Yuan Pan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
| | - Chihhao Fan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
| | - Yupo J Lin
- Applied Material Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, IL 60439, United States
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Ji C, Yu H, Lu J, Ren Y, Lv L, Zhang W. High-Efficiency and Sustainable Desalination Using Thermo-regenerable MOF-808-EDTA: Temperature-Regulated Proton Transfer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:23833-23842. [PMID: 33973777 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption as a desalination approach has the advantages of energy efficiency, low cost, and operational convenience, but its practical application is limited by low desalination capacity, consumption/disposal of strong acids/bases as regeneration reagents, and poor reusability. Herein, we synthesized a thermo-regenerable salt absorbent by grafting ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) onto a metal-organic framework (MOF), MOF-808-EDTA, which could rapidly adsorb NaCl within 30 min from saline water at 25 °C with a desalination capacity as high as 9.4 mmol/g. Moreover, the saturated adsorbent could be facilely regenerated in 80 °C water. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and derivative thermogravimetry revealed that temperature-regulated proton transfer between amino and carboxyl groups was the mechanism of thermo-regeneration. EDTA on MOF-808-EDTA appears in a zwitterionic state in water at room temperature, which allowed simultaneous adsorption of Na+ and Cl-. At elevated temperature, it returned to a nonionic state accompanied by the desorption of ions. A similar temperature-dependent adsorption-regeneration process was also observed for other salts, including LiCl, KCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2. Column experiments of brackish groundwater showed that 1 g of MOF-808-EDTA could produce ∼106 mL of fresh water (total dissolved solids < 600 mg/L) without significant capacity loss after 10 successive adsorption-regeneration cycles. This study is the first to propose an EDTA-based MOF for desalination and indicates the potential of MOF-808-EDTA as a green adsorbent for sustainable water desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Junhe Lu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Organic Chemical Wastewater Treatment and Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210046, China
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Recent Desalination Technologies by Hybridization and Integration with Reverse Osmosis: A Review. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13101369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Reverse osmosis is the leading technology for desalination of brackish water and seawater, important for solving the growing problems of fresh water supply. Thermal technologies such as multi-effect distillation and multi-stage flash distillation still comprise an important portion of the world’s desalination capacity. They consume substantial amounts of energy, generally obtained from fossil fuels, due to their low efficiency. Hybridization is a strategy that seeks to reduce the weaknesses and enhance the advantages of each element that makes it up. This paper introduces a review of the most recent publications on hybridizations between reverse osmosis and thermal desalination technologies, as well as their integration with renewable energies as a requirement to decarbonize desalination processes. Different configurations provide improvements in key elements of the system to reduce energy consumption, brine production, and contamination, while improving product quality and production rate. A combination of renewable sources and use of energy and water storage systems allow for improving the reliability of hybrid systems.
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49
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Power effect of ultrasonically vibrated spacers in air gap membrane distillation: Theoretical and experimental investigations. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Panagopoulos A. Water-energy nexus: desalination technologies and renewable energy sources. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:21009-21022. [PMID: 33704643 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rapid population growth and industrialization have contributed to a dramatic decline in the supply of freshwater. As a result, desalination is an important choice to solve the global problem of water scarcity. Nevertheless, the hyper-saline by-product, the high capital costs, and the high energy demands currently met by fossil fuels are key obstacles to the widespread adoption of desalination systems. Furthermore, desalination plants powered by fossil fuels have negative environmental impacts due to greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions. In contrast to fossil fuels, renewable energy is abundant and clean and is therefore a promising alternative for powering desalination plants. This is why the water-energy nexus is a crucial step towards a sustainable future. Therefore, the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) into desalination is very important. The main objective of this review to analyze and evaluate desalination technologies (thermal-based and membrane-based) and RES (solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal, and biomass) that could be combined as an integrated process. Social-economic factors, environmental concerns, current challenges, and future research areas for both desalination and RES are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyris Panagopoulos
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou St., Zografou, 15780, Athens, Greece.
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