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Chrysochoidis V, Andersen MH, Remigi EU, Faragó M, Smets BF, Domingo-Félez C, Valverde-Pérez B. Critical evaluation of different mass transfer equations to model N 2O emissions from water resource recovery facilities with diffuse aeration. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:3339-3353. [PMID: 37191950 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2215454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
N2O measurements by liquid sensors in aerated tanks are an input to gas-liquid mass-transfer models for the prediction of N2O off-gas emissions. The prediction of N2O emissions from Water Resource Recovery Facilities (WRRFs) was evaluated by three different mass-transfer models using Benchmark Simulation Model 1 (BSM1) as a reference model. Inappropriate selection of mass-transfer model may result in miscalculation of carbon footprints based on soluble N2O online measurements. The film theory considers a constant mass-transfer expression, while more complex models suggest that emissions are affected by the aeration type, efficiency, and tank design characteristics. The differences among model predictions were 10-16% at dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of 0.6 g/m3, when biological N2O production was the highest, while the flux of N2O was 20.0-24 kg N2O-N/d. At lower DO, the nitrification rate was low, while at DO higher than 2 g/m3, the N2O production was reduced leading to higher rates of complete nitrification and a flux of 5 kg N2O-N/d. The differences increased to 14-26% in deeper tanks, due to the pressure assumed in the tanks. The predicted emissions are also affected by the aeration efficiency when KLaN2O depends on the airflow instead of the KLaO2. Increasing the nitrogen loading rate under DO concentration of 0.50-0.65 g/m3 increased the differences in predictions by 10-20% in both alpha 0.6 and 1.2. A sensitivity analysis indicated that the selection of different mass-transfer models did not affect the selection of biochemical parameters for N2O model calibration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Faragó
- Climate Adaptation and Green Infrastructure, Ramboll, Denmark
| | - Barth F Smets
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, Denmark
| | - Carlos Domingo-Félez
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, Denmark
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Infrastructure and Environment, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, UK
| | - Borja Valverde-Pérez
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, Denmark
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2
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Khan AA, Alsalhi SA, Rahman AU. Exploring Si-centered phthalocyanine as a single atom catalyst for N 2O reduction: a DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:17110-17117. [PMID: 38845527 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00832d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
To remove the greenhouse gas N2O from the environment, recently, researchers have taken great interest in single-atom catalysts (SACs). In this study, we investigated various reaction pathways and barrier energies for the N2O reduction process onto Si-coordinated phthalocyanine (Si@PthC) employing density functional theory. The outcomes validate that Si decoration in PthC is energetically stable while the corresponding electronic properties show that the Si atom acts as the reactive site for catalytic activity. The N2O molecule exhibits spontaneous dissociation over the catalyst surface from the O-end with -4.01 eV dissociation energy. Meanwhile, N2O dissociation via the N-end involves chemisorption onto the Si@PthC surface with an adsorption energy (Ead) of -1.16 eV, and the dissociation needs an energy barrier of 0.51 eV. The bond distances and negative adsorption energies (-1.11 and -2.40 eV) evince that CO and O2 species chemisorbed onto the Si@PthC surface. However, these energies are smaller than the N2O dissociation energy, which demonstrates that the presence of CO and O2 molecules cannot interrupt the N2O reduction process. Additionally, the CO + O* → CO2 reaction was executed for catalyst recovery, and the reaction proceeds very quickly on the Si@PthC catalyst, with a very small energy barrier (0.37 eV), indicating the excellent catalytic reactivity of the studied catalyst. These results propose that the designed catalyst can be valuable in the progress of novel noble metal-free catalysts for the elimination of harmful N2O from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Sarah Abdullah Alsalhi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P. O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ata Ur Rahman
- THz Technical Research Center of Shenzhen University, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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3
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Wang J, Li Z, Xiong P, Li Z, Liu H, Zhang Y, Lei Z, Liu X, Lee DJ, Qian X. Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from closed activated sludge- to aerobic granular sludge-based biosystems via gas circulation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 401:130748. [PMID: 38677387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from biological treatment units are challenging wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) due to their wide applications and global warming. This study aimed to reduce GHG emissions (especially N2O) using a gas circulation strategy in a closed sequencing-batch reactor when the biological unit varies from activated sludge (AS) to aerobic granular sludge (AGS). Results show that gas circulation lowers pH to 6.3 ± 0.2, facilitating regular granules but elevating total N2O production. From AS to AGS, N2O emission factor increased (0.07-0.86 %) due to decreasing ammonia-oxidizing rates while the emissions of CO2 (0.3 ± 0.1 kg-CO2/kg-chemical oxygen demand) and CH4 remained in the closed biosystem. The gas circulation decreased N2O emission factor by 63 ± 15 % after granulation higher than 44 ± 34 % before granulation, which is implemented by heterotrophic denitrification. This study provides a feasible strategy to enhance heterotrophic N2O elimination in the biological WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Wang
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zejiao Li
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Pengyu Xiong
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhengwen Li
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yili Zhang
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tang, Hong Kong; Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Yuan-Ze University, Chungli 320, Taiwan
| | - Xiaoyong Qian
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
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4
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Ayotte SH, Allen CR, Parker A, Stein OR, Lauchnor EG. Greenhouse gas production from an intermittently dosed cold-climate wastewater treatment wetland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171484. [PMID: 38462002 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from a two-stage, cold-climate vertical-flow treatment wetland (TW) treating ski area wastewater at 3 °C average water temperature. The system is designed like a modified Ludzack-Ettinger process with the first stage a partially saturated, denitrifying TW followed by an unsaturated nitrifying TW and recycle of nitrified effluent. An intermittent wastewater dosing scheme was established for both stages, with alternating carbon-rich wastewater and nitrate-rich recycle to the first stage. The system has demonstrated effective chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal in high-strength wastewater over seven years of winter operation. Following two closed-loop, intensive GHG winter sampling campaigns at the TW, the magnitude of N2O flux was 2.2 times higher for denitrification than nitrification. CH4 and N2O emissions were strongly correlated with hydraulic loading, whereas CO2 was correlated with surface temperature. GHG fluxes from each stage were related to both microbial activity and off-gassing of dissolved species during wastewater dosing, thus the time of sampling relative to dosing strongly influenced observed fluxes. These results suggest that estimates of GHG fluxes from TWs may be biased if mass transfer and mechanisms of wastewater application are not considered. Emission factors for N2O and CH4 were 0.27 % as kg-N2O-N/kg-TINremoved and 0.04 % kg-CH4-C/kg-CODremoved, respectively. The system had observed seasonal emissions of 600.5 kg CO2 equivalent of GHGs estimated over 130-days of operation. These results indicate a need for wastewater treatment processes to mitigate GHGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Ayotte
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Department of Civil Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - C R Allen
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Department of Civil Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - A Parker
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - O R Stein
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Department of Civil Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - E G Lauchnor
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Department of Civil Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
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5
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Bayode AA, Ore OT, Nnamani EA, Sotunde B, Koko DT, Unuabonah EI, Helmreich B, Omorogie MO. Perovskite Oxides: Syntheses and Perspectives on Their Application for Nitrate Reduction. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:19770-19785. [PMID: 38737083 PMCID: PMC11080040 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Over the decades, the rise in nitrate levels in the ecosystem has posed a serious threat to the continuous existence of humans, fauna, and flora. The deleterious effects of increasing levels of nitrates in the ecosystem have led to adverse health and environmental implications in the form of methemoglobinemia and eutrophication, respectively. Different pathways/routes for the syntheses of perovskites and their oxides were presented in this review. In recent times, electrocatalytic reduction has emerged as the most utilized technique for the conversion of nitrates into ammonia, an industrial feedstock. According to published papers, the efficiency of various perovskites and their oxides used for the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate achieved a high Faradaic efficiency of 98%. Furthermore, studies published have shown that there is a need to improve the chemical stability of perovskites and their oxides during scale-up applications, as well as their scalability for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajibola A. Bayode
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University
of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, P. R. China
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, P.M.B. 230, 232101 Ede, Nigeria
| | - Odunayo T. Ore
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Achiever’s
University, P.M.B. 1030, 341101 Owo, Nigeria
| | - Esther A. Nnamani
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, P.M.B. 230, 232101 Ede, Nigeria
- Environmental
Science and Technology Unit, African Centre of Excellence for Water
and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer’s
University, P.M.B. 230, 232101 Ede, Nigeria
| | - Babajide Sotunde
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, P.M.B. 230, 232101 Ede, Nigeria
- Environmental
Science and Technology Unit, African Centre of Excellence for Water
and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer’s
University, P.M.B. 230, 232101 Ede, Nigeria
| | - Daniel T. Koko
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, P.M.B. 230, 232101 Ede, Nigeria
- Environmental
Science and Technology Unit, African Centre of Excellence for Water
and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer’s
University, P.M.B. 230, 232101 Ede, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel I. Unuabonah
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, P.M.B. 230, 232101 Ede, Nigeria
- Environmental
Science and Technology Unit, African Centre of Excellence for Water
and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer’s
University, P.M.B. 230, 232101 Ede, Nigeria
| | - Brigitte Helmreich
- Chair
of Urban Water Systems Engineering, School
of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martins O. Omorogie
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, P.M.B. 230, 232101 Ede, Nigeria
- Environmental
Science and Technology Unit, African Centre of Excellence for Water
and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer’s
University, P.M.B. 230, 232101 Ede, Nigeria
- Chair
of Urban Water Systems Engineering, School
of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
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6
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Shang Z, Cai C, Guo Y, Huang X, Peng K, Guo R, Wei Z, Wu C, Cheng S, Liao Y, Hung CY, Liu J. Direct and indirect monitoring methods for nitrous oxide emissions in full-scale wastewater treatment plants: A critical review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120842. [PMID: 38599092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Mitigation of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) has become an irreversible trend to adapt the climate change. Monitoring of N2O emissions plays a fundamental role in understanding and mitigating N2O emissions. This paper provides a comprehensive review of direct and indirect N2O monitoring methods. The techniques, strengths, limitations, and applicable scenarios of various methods are discussed. We conclude that the floating chamber technique is suitable for capturing and interpreting the spatiotemporal variability of real-time N2O emissions, due to its long-term in-situ monitoring capability and high data acquisition frequency. The monitoring duration, location, and frequency should be emphasized to guarantee the accuracy and comparability of acquired data. Calculation by default emission factors (EFs) is efficient when there is a need for ambiguous historical N2O emission accounts of national-scale or regional-scale WWTPs. Using process-specific EFs is beneficial in promoting mitigation pathways that are primarily focused on low-emission process upgrades. Machine learning models exhibit exemplary performance in the prediction of N2O emissions. Integrating mechanistic models with machine learning models can improve their explanatory power and sharpen their predictive precision. The implementation of the synergy of nutrient removal and N2O mitigation strategies necessitates the calibration and validation of multi-path mechanistic models, supported by long-term continuous direct monitoring campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxin Shang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Chen Cai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Yanli Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Xiangfeng Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Kaiming Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Ru Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Zhongqing Wei
- Fuzhou Water Group Co., Ltd, Fuzhou, 350000, PR China
| | - Chenyuan Wu
- Fuzhou Water Group Co., Ltd, Fuzhou, 350000, PR China
| | - Shunjian Cheng
- Fuzhou City Construction Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Fuzhou, 350000, PR China
| | - Youxiang Liao
- Fuzhou City Construction Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Fuzhou, 350000, PR China
| | - Chih-Yu Hung
- Environment and Climate Change, 351 Saint-Joseph Blvd., 9th Floor. Gatineau, Quebec, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
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Chen J, Ma S, Wang H, Wang Y, Ren H, Xu K. Weak magnetic carriers reduce nitrite accumulation and boost denitrification at high nitrate concentrations by enriching functional bacteria and enhancing electron transfer. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119734. [PMID: 38071915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Biological denitrification is the dominant method for NO3- removal from wastewater, while high NO3- leads to NO2- accumulation and inhibits denitrification performance. In this study, different weak magnetic carriers (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 mT) were used to enhance biological denitrification at NO3- of 50-2400 mg/L. The effect of magnetic carriers on the removal and mechanism of denitrification of high NO3- was investigated. The results showed that 0.6 and 0.9 mT carriers significantly enhanced the TN removal efficiency (>99%) and reduced the accumulation of NO2- (by > 97%) at NO3- of 1200-2400 mg/L 0.6 and 0.9 mT carriers stimulated microbial electron transport by improving the abundances of coenzyme Q-cytochrome C reductase (by 4.44-23.30%) and cytochrome C (by 2.90-16.77%), which contributed to the enhanced elimination of NO3- and NO2-. 0.6 and 0.9 mT carriers increased the activities of NAR (by 3.74-37.59%) and NIR (by 5.01-8.24%). The abundance of narG genes in 0.6 and 0.9 mT was 1.47-2.35 and 1.38-1.75 times that of R1, respectively, and the abundance of nirS genes was 1.49-2.83 and 1.55-2.39 times that of R1, respectively. Denitrifying microorganisms, e.g., Halomonas, Thauera and Pseudomonas were enriched at 0.6 and 0.9 mT carriers, which benefited to the advanced denitrification performance. This study suggests that weak magnetic carriers can help to enhance the biological denitrification of high NO3- wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Sijia Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Haiyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yanru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
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8
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Uri-Carreño N, Nielsen PH, Gernaey KV, Domingo-Félez C, Flores-Alsina X. Nitrous oxide emissions from two full-scale membrane-aerated biofilm reactors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168030. [PMID: 37890634 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The upcoming change of legislation in some European countries where wastewater treatment facilities will start to be taxed based on direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions will force water utilities to take a closer look at nitrous oxide (N2O) production. In this study, we report for the first time N2O emissions from two full-scale size membrane aerated biofilm reactors (MABR) (R1, R2) from two different manufacturers treating municipal wastewater. N2O was monitored continuously for 12 months in both the MABR exhaust gas and liquid phase. Multivariate analysis was used to assess process performance. Results show that emission factors (EFN2O) for both R1 and R2 (0.88 ± 1.28 and 0.82 ± 0.86 %) were very similar to each other and below the standard value from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2019 (1.6 %). More specifically, N2O was predominantly emitted in the MABR exhaust gas (NTRexh) and was strongly correlated to the ammonia/um load (NHx,load). Nevertheless, the implemented Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) control strategy increased the bulk contribution (NTRbulk), impacting the overall EFN2O. A thorough analysis of dynamic data reveals that the changes in the external aeration (EA)/loading rate patterns suggested by ORP control substantially impacted N2O mass transfer and biological production processes. It also suggests that NTRexh is mainly caused by ammonia-oxidizing organisms (AOO) activity, while ordinary heterotrophic organisms (OHO) are responsible for NTRbulk. Different methods for calculating EFN2O were compared, and results showed EFN2O would range from 0.6 to 5.5 depending on the assumptions made. Based on existing literature, a strong correlation between EFN2O and nitrogen loading rate (R2 = 0.73) was found for different technologies. Overall, an average EFN2O of 0.86 % N2O-N per N load was found with a nitrogen loading rate >200 g N m-3 d-1, which supports the hypothesis that MABR technology can achieve intensified biological nutrient removal without increasing N2O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Uri-Carreño
- Vandcenter Syd A/S, Vandværksvej 7, Odense 5000, Denmark; Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 228A, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
| | - Per H Nielsen
- Vandcenter Syd A/S, Vandværksvej 7, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | - Krist V Gernaey
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 228A, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Carlos Domingo-Félez
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 228A, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Xavier Flores-Alsina
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 228A, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
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9
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Zhang Z, Xing W, Lu J, Gao X, Jia F, Yao H. Nitrogen removal and nitrous oxide emission in the partial nitritation/anammox process at different reflux ratios. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167520. [PMID: 37788770 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) process has been widely used in wastewater treatment owing to its notable advantages, including a low aeration rate and the non-requirement of an additional carbon source. In practical implementation, nitrite accumulation affects the nitrogen-removal efficiency and the amount of N2O released during the PN/A process. By implementing wastewater reflux, the nitrite concentration can be decreased, thereby achieving a balance between the nitrogen-removal efficiency and N2O release. This study conducted the CANON process with varying reflux ratios of 0 to 300 % and ~300 mg/L ammonium in the influent. The highest removal efficiency of ammonium and total nitrogen (98.2 ± 0.8 and 77.8 ± 2.3 %, respectively) could be achieved at a reflux ratio of 200 %. Further, a reflux ratio of 200 % led to the lowest N2O emission factor (2.21 %), with a 31.74 % reduction in N2O emission compared to the process without refluxing. Additionally, the reactor at a reflux ratio of 200 % presented the highest relative abundance of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (30.98 %) and the lowest proportion of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (9.57 %). This study aimed to elucidate the impact of the reflux ratio on the nitrogen-removal efficiency of the CANON process and to theoretically explain the influence of different reflux ratios on N2O release. These findings provide a theoretical framework for enhancing the nitrogen-removal efficiency and mitigating carbon emissions in practical applications of the CANON process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexi Zhang
- Beijing International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Pollution Control Techniques for Antibiotics and Resistance Genes, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Wei Xing
- Beijing International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Pollution Control Techniques for Antibiotics and Resistance Genes, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China.
| | - Jia Lu
- Beijing International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Pollution Control Techniques for Antibiotics and Resistance Genes, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- Beijing International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Pollution Control Techniques for Antibiotics and Resistance Genes, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Fangxu Jia
- Beijing International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Pollution Control Techniques for Antibiotics and Resistance Genes, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Hong Yao
- Beijing International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Pollution Control Techniques for Antibiotics and Resistance Genes, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China
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10
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An Z, Zhang Q, Gao X, Ding J, Shao B, Peng Y. Nitrous oxide emissions in novel wastewater treatment processes: A comprehensive review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 391:129950. [PMID: 37926354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation of novel wastewater treatment processes has marked recent years, becoming particularly pertinent in light of the strive for carbon neutrality. One area of growing attention within this context is nitrous oxide (N2O) production and emission. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent research progress on N2O emissions associated with novel wastewater treatment processes, including Anammox, Partial Nitrification, Partial Denitrification, Comammox, Denitrifying Phosphorus Removal, Sulfur-driven Autotrophic Denitrification and n-DAMO. The advantages and challenges of these processes are thoroughly examined, and various mitigation strategies are proposed. An interesting angle that delve into is the potential of endogenous denitrification to act as an N2O sink. Furthermore, the review discusses the potential applications and rationale for novel Anammox-based processes to reduce N2O emissions. The aim is to inform future technology research in this area. Overall, this review aims to shed light on these emerging technologies while encouraging further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeming An
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Xinjie Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Jing Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Baishuo Shao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
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11
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Chen J, Shen L, Li Y, Cao H, Chen C, Zhang G, Xu Z, Lu Y. Insights into the nitrogen transformation mechanism of Pseudomonas sp. Y15 capable of heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117595. [PMID: 37926232 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Excessive nitrogen (N) discharged in water is a major cause of eutrophication and other severe environmental issues. Biological N removal via heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) has drawn particular attention, owing to the merit of concurrent nitrification and denitrification inside one cell. However, the mechanisms underlying N transformation during HN-AD remain unclear. In the present study, the HN-AD strain Pseudomonas sp. Y15 (Y15) was isolated to explore the N distribution and flow, based on stoichiometry and energetics. The total N removal efficiency by Y15 increased linearly with C/N ratio (in the range of 5-15) to ∼96.8%. Of this, ∼32.2% and ∼64.6% were transformed into gas-N and biomass-N, respectively. A new intracellular N metabolic bypass (NO → NO2) was found, to address the substantial gaseous N production during HN-AD. Concering energetics, the large portion of the biomass-N is ascribed to the synthesis of the amino acids that consume low energy. Finally, two novel stoichiometric equations for different N sources were proposed, to describe the overall HN-AD process. This study deepens the fundamental knowledge on HN-AD bacteria and enlightens their use in treating N-contaminated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Liang Shen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China.
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Haipeng Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Cuixue Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Institute of Oceanic and Environmental Chemical Engineering, State Key Lab Breeding Base of Green Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Zehai Xu
- Institute of Oceanic and Environmental Chemical Engineering, State Key Lab Breeding Base of Green Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Yinghua Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China.
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12
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Zhao Y, Duan H, Erler D, Yuan Z, Ye L. Decoupling the simultaneous effects of NO 2-, pH and free nitrous acid on N 2O and NO production from enriched nitrifying activated sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 245:120609. [PMID: 37713792 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
In the pursuit of energy and carbon neutrality, nitrogen removal technologies have been developed featuring nitrite (NO2-) accumulation. However, high NO2- accumulations are often associated with stimulated greenhouse gas (i.e., nitrous oxide, N2O) emissions. Furthermore, the coexistence of free nitrous acid (FNA) formed by NO2- and proton (pH) makes the consequence of NO2- accumulation on N2O emissions complicated. The concurrent three factors, NO2-, pH and FNA may play different roles on N2O and nitric oxide (NO) emissions simultaneously, which has not been systematically studied. This study aims to decouple the effects of NO2- (0-200 mg N/L), pH (6.5-8) and FNA (0-0.15 mg N/L) on the N2O and NO production rates and the production pathways by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), with the use of a series of precisely executed batch tests and isotope site-preference analysis. Results suggested the dominant factors affecting the N2O production rate were NO2- and FNA concentrations, while pH alone played a relatively insignificant role. The most influential factor shifted from NO2- to FNA as FNA concentrations increased from 0 to 0.15 mg N/L. At concentrations below 0.0045 mg HNO2-N/L, nitrite rather than FNA played a significant role stimulating N2O production at elevated nitrite concentrations. The inhibition effect of FNA emerged with further increase of FNA between 0.0045-0.015 mg HNO2-N/L, weakening the promoting effect of increased nitrite. While at concentrations above 0.015 mg HNO2-N/L, FNA inhibited N2O production especially from nitrifier denitrification pathway with the level of inhibition linearly correlated with the FNA concentration. pH and the nitrite concentration regulated the production pathways, with elevated pH promoting the nitrifier nitrification pathway, while elevated NO2- concentrations promoting the nitrifier denitrification pathway. In contrast to N2O, NO emission was less susceptible to FNA at concentrations up to 0.015 mg N/L but was stimulated by increasing NO2- concentrations. This study, for the first time, distinguished the effects of pH, NO2- and FNA on N2O and NO production, thereby providing support to the design and operation of novel nitrogen removal systems with NO2- accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfen Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Haoran Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; The Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Dirk Erler
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales 2480, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liu Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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13
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He Y, Liu Y, Li X, Zhu T, Liu Y. Unveiling the roles of biofilm in reducing N 2O emission in a nitrifying integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) system. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 243:120326. [PMID: 37454457 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm process such as integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) system has been preliminarily found to produce less nitrous oxide (N2O) than suspended sludge system. However, the N2O emission behaviors and underlying N2O mitigation mechanism in such hybrid system remain unclear. This study therefore aims to fully unveil the roles of biofilm in reducing N2O emission in a nitrifying IFAS system with the aid of some advanced technologies such as N2O microsensor and site-preference analysis. It was found that ammonia oxidation occurred mostly in the sludge flocs (˃ 86%) and biofilm could reduce N2O emission by 43.77% in a typical operating cycle. Biofilm not only reduced nitrite accumulation in nitrification process, inhibiting N2O production via nitrifier denitrification pathway, but also served as a N2O sink, promoting the reduction of N2O via endogenous denitrification. As a result, N2O emissions from the IFAS system were 50%-83% lower than those from the solo sludge flocs. Further, more N2O emission was reduced in the presence of biofilm with decreasing the dissolved oxygen level in the range of 0.5-3.0 mg O2/L. Microbial community and key enzyme analyses revealed that biofilm had relatively high microbial diversity and unique enzyme composition, providing a reasonable explanation for the changed contributions of different N2O production pathways and reduced N2O emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yingrui Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xuecheng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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14
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Ma Y, Rui D, Dong H, Zhang X, Ye L. Large-scale comparative analysis reveals different bacterial community structures in full- and lab-scale wastewater treatment bioreactors. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120222. [PMID: 37331228 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The activated sludge process is widely used for biological wastewater treatment due to its low cost and high efficiency. Although numerous lab-scale bioreactor experiments have been conducted to investigate the microorganism performance and mechanisms in activated sludge, understanding the bacterial community differences between full- and lab-scale bioreactors has remained elusive. In this study, we investigated the bacterial communities in 966 activated sludge samples obtained from various bioreactors, including both full- and lab-scale ones, from 95 previous studies. Our findings reveal significant differences in the bacterial communities between full- and lab-scale bioreactors, with thousands of bacterial genera exclusive to each scale. We also identified 12 genera that are frequently abundant in full-scale bioreactors but rarely observed in lab-scale reactors. By using a machine-learning method, organic matter and temperature were determined as the primary factors affecting microbial communities in full- and lab-scale bioreactors. Additionally, transient bacterial species from other environments may also contribute to the observed bacterial community differences. Furthermore, the bacterial community differences between full- and lab-scale bioreactors were verified by comparing the results of lab-scale bioreactor experiments to full-scale bioreactor sampling. Overall, this study sheds light on the bacteria overlooked in lab-scale studies and deepens our understanding of the differences in bacterial communities between full- and lab-scale bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongni Rui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haonan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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15
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Zhang G, Hao Q, Ma R, Luo S, Chen K, Liang Z, Jiang C. Biochar and hematite amendments suppress emission of CH 4 and NO 2 in constructed wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162451. [PMID: 36863587 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are considered a widely used cost-effective technology for pollutant removal. However, greenhouse gas emissions are a non-negligible problem in CWs. In this study, four laboratory-scale CWs were established to evaluate the effects of gravel (CWB), hematite (CWFe), biochar (CWC), and hematite + biochar (CWFe-C) as substrates on pollutants removal, greenhouse gas emissions, and associated microbial characteristics. The results showed that the biochar-amended CWs (CWC and CWFe-C) enhanced the removal efficiency of pollutants, with 92.53 % and 93.66 % of COD and 65.73 % and 64.41 % of TN removal, respectively. Both single and combined inputs of biochar and hematite significantly reduced CH4 and N2O fluxes, with the lowest average of CH4 flux obtained in CWC (5.99 ± 0.78 mg CH4 m-2 h-1) and the least N2O flux in CWFe-C (287.57 ± 44.84 μg N2O m-2 h-1). The substantial reduction of global warming potentials (GWP) was obtained in the applications of CWC (80.25 %) and CWFe-C (79.5 %) in biochar-amended CWs. The presence of biochar and hematite mitigated CH4 and N2O emissions by modifying microbial communities with higher ratios of pmoA/mcrA and nosZ genes abundances, as well as increasing the abundance of denitrifying bacteria (Dechloromona, Thauera and Azospira). This study demonstrated that biochar and the combined use of biochar and hematite could be the potential candidates as functional substrates for the efficient removal of pollutants and simultaneously reducing GWP emissions in the constructed wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qingju Hao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-resource for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rongzhen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shixu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Keqin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhenghao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Changsheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-resource for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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16
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Chen F, Liu Y, He Y, Chen X, Zhu T, Liu Y. Evaluation of nitrogen removal and nitrous oxide turnovers in granule-based simultaneous nitrification and denitrification system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162446. [PMID: 36841401 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an inevitable intermediate generated during the nitrogen removal process of granule-based simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) system. In order to alleviate N2O production while maintaining a desired total nitrogen (TN) removal level in this system, a comprehensive evaluation of the contribution pathways and process parameters affecting N2O turnovers is keenly required. Therefore, mathematical models were applied to evaluate the impact of operating conditions and unravel potential mechanisms on TN removal performance and N2O production. Simulation results show that higher N2O production (11.6 %-14.2 %) occurs at higher dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations, lower chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels, longer hydraulic retention time (HRT) and larger granule size in the granular SND system. The relative conversion rates of nitrogenous components in different regions within the granule influence N2O turnovers, with the nitrification process occurring only in the region 200 μm inward from the granule surface and denitrification working throughout the entire granule. In the inner region of the granule (0-300 μm), the heterotrophic bacteria (HB) denitrification pathway dominates N2O production as a source of N2O. While in the outer region (300-450 μm), HB denitrification acts as a sink for N2O and regulates N2O turnovers (i.e. production and reduction of N2O) together with the hydroxylamine (NH2OH) pathway that is the main contributor of N2O production. Moreover, simultaneous adjustment of multiple operating parameters within a certain range can lower the N2O production factor (<0.5 %) while achieving the desired TN removal efficiency (>80 %), resulting in a feasible N2O mitigation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yingrui Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanying He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xueming Chen
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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17
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Xiong X, Li Y, Zhang C, Zhou X. Water quality improvement and consequent N 2O emission reduction in hypoxic freshwater utilizing green oxygen-carrying biochar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162251. [PMID: 36796685 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Declines in dissolved oxygen (DO) levels in aquatic systems worldwide negatively influence biodiversity, nutrient biogeochemistry, drinking water quality, and greenhouse gas emission. As a response, oxygen-carrying dual-modified sediment-based biochar (O-DM-SBC) as a green and sustainable emerging material was utilized for simultaneous hypoxia restoration, water quality improvement, and greenhouse gas reduction. Column incubation experiments were carried out using the water and sediment samples from a tributary of the Yangtze River. The application of O-DM-SBC effectively increased the DO concentration from ~1.99 mg/L to ~6.44 mg/L and decreased the concentrations of TN and NH4+-N by 61.1 % and 78.3 %, respectively, during the 30-day incubation period. Moreover, the N2O emission was apparently inhibited by O-DM-SBC with a 50.2 % decrease in daily flux under the functional coupling of biochar (SBC) and oxygen nanobubbles (ONBs). Path analysis supported that the treatments (SBC, modification, and ONBs) had joint effects on N2O emission by changing the concentration and composition of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (e.g., NH4+-N, NO2--N and NO3--N). The nitrogen-transforming bacteria were found to be significantly promoted by O-DM-SBC at the end of the incubation, while the archaeal community seemed to be more active in the SBC groups without ONB, confirming their different mechanisms. The PICRUSt2 prediction results revealed that most nitrogen metabolism genes including nitrification (i.e., amoABC), denitrification (i.e., nirK and nosZ), and assimilatory nitrate reduction (i.e., nirB and gdhA) were largely enriched in O-DM-SBC, indicating the active nitrogen-cycling network was established, thus achieving simultaneous nitrogen pollution control and N2O emission reduction. Our findings not only confirm the beneficial effect of O-DM-SBC amendment on nitrogen pollution control and N2O emission mitigation in hypoxic freshwater, but also contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the effect of oxygen-carrying biochar on nitrogen cycling microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
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18
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Beck MB, Chen C, Walker RV, Wen Z, Han J. Multi-sectoral analysis of smarter urban nitrogen metabolism: A case study of Suzhou, China. Ecol Modell 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2023.110286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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19
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Liu H, Qin S, Li A, Wen J, Lichtfouse E, Zhao H, Zhang X. Bioelectrochemical systems for enhanced nitrogen removal with minimal greenhouse gas emission from carbon-deficient wastewater: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160183. [PMID: 36384176 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen pollution and the rising amount of wastewater generation are calling for advanced wastewater treatments, which is particularly necessary for carbon-deficient wastewater that contains multi-species inorganic nitrogen, since conventional heterotrophic denitrification processes cannot remove nitrogen completely when carbon sources are insufficient. For that, bioelectrochemical systems (BES) have been recently developed because they can simultaneously produce electricity and remove resistant nitrogen from the carbon-deficient wastewater. However, the simultaneous removal of multi-species inorganic nitrogen cannot be achieved by electroautotrophic denitrification using BES alone. Moreover, the efficiency of nitrogen removal and power generation has been thwarted by the low energy output, high internal resistance of the device, and electron competition in non-denitrification pathways. This review article discusses the latest developments for nitrogen removal through BES-enhanced denitrification and elucidates multiple coupled BES-based denitrification pathways to remove multi-species inorganic nitrogen simultaneously. Focus points of the research area include coupling BES technologies with emerged methods, electron transfer enhancement, and avoiding electron competition that improves performance with less cost. The prospect of reducing emissions of greenhouse gases is also critically reviewed, in the hope of reducing potential intermediate products of denitrification, such as nitrous oxide (a potent greenhouse gas), through multi-factor regulation. We imply that BES is a good choice for future scale-up applications of MFC coupled with MEC to treat carbon-deficient wastewater. Overall, this review will provide useful information for the development of advanced technologies to treat carbon-deficient wastewater with less emission of greenhouse gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Liu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, 200093 Shanghai, China.
| | - Song Qin
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, 200093 Shanghai, China
| | - Anze Li
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, 200093 Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wen
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, 200093 Shanghai, China
| | - Eric Lichtfouse
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, 13100 Aix en Provence, France.
| | - Heping Zhao
- College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- Shanghai Urban Construction Design & Research Institute [Group] Co., Ltd., 3447 Dongfang Road, 200125 Shanghai, China
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20
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Zhang C, Guo L, Qin J, Chen Z, Deng Z, Wang X. Combined partial denitrification-anammox with urea hydrolysis (U-PD-Anammox) process: A novel economical low-carbon method for nitrate-containing wastewater treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116653. [PMID: 36410300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
For the sake of exploring a new economical and low-carbon alternative for real nitrate-containing wastewater treatment, a new combined partial denitrification-anammox with urea hydrolysis (U-PD-Anammox) process was developed. The nitrogen removal performance of this process was investigated through long-term operation in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and two submerged anaerobic biological filters (SABF). Results showed that the average NO3--N to NO2-N transformation ratio improved to 82.6% with organic carbon source to NO3-N ratio of 1.8, and urea hydrolysis provided sufficient NH4+-N and inorganic carbon to anammox process for nitrogen removal. The influent NH4+-N/NO2--N ratio for subsequent anammox reactor could be adjacent to the optimal ratio of 1.32 during the whole operation. The combined process showed efficient nitrogen removal performance with 85% NO3--N removal, 93.8% total nitrogen removal and total nitrogen loading rate as 1.1 ± 0.5 kg N/(m3·d). High-throughput sequencing analysis results revealed that Genera Thauera, Hyphomicrobium and Candidatus Brocadia were the dominant species responsible for partial denitrification, urea hydrolysis and anammox, respectively. The proposed process was more economically and environmental-friendly than the traditional denitrification process with 51.7% operational cost reduction, 99.7% N2O and 60% CO2 emission decrement, facilitating the sustainable development of the nitrate-containing wastewater treatment industry in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuchu Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Lu Guo
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jiafu Qin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Zhenguo Chen
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zexi Deng
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, China; Hua An Biotech Co., Ltd., Foshan 528300, China.
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21
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Lu H, Wang H, Wu Q, Luo H, Zhao Q, Liu B, Si Q, Zheng S, Guo W, Ren N. Automatic control and optimal operation for greenhouse gas mitigation in sustainable wastewater treatment plants: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158849. [PMID: 36122730 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to promote low-carbon sustainable operational management of the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), automatic control and optimal operation technologies, which devote to improving effluent quality, operational costs and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, have flourished in recent years. There is no consensus on the design procedure for optimal control/operation of sustainable WWTPs. In this review, we summarize recent researches on developing control and optimization strategies for GHG mitigation in WWTPs. Faced with the fact that direct carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (considered biological origin) are generally not included in the carbon footprint of WWTPs, direct emissions (nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4)) and indirect emissions are paid much attention. Firstly, the plant-wide models with GHG dynamic simulation, which are employed to design and evaluate the automatic control schemes as well as representative studies on identifying key factors affecting GHG emissions or comprehensive performance are outlined. Then, both traditional and advanced control methods commonly used in GHG mitigation are reviewed in detail, followed by the multi-objective optimization practices of control/operational parameters. Based on the mentioned control and (or) optimization strategies, a novel design framework for the optimal control/operation of sustainable WWTPs is proposed. The findings and design framework proposed in the paper will provide guidance for GHG mitigation and sustainable operation in WWTPs. It is foreseeable that more accurate and appropriate plant-wide models together with flexible control methods and intelligent optimization strategies will be developed to satisfy the upgrading requirements of WWTPs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Huazhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qinglian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Haichao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Banghai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qishi Si
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shanshan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wanqian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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22
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Yao H, Gao X, Guo J, Wang H, Zhang L, Fan L, Jia F, Guo J, Peng Y. Contribution of nitrous oxide to the carbon footprint of full-scale wastewater treatment plants and mitigation strategies- a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120295. [PMID: 36181929 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas, significantly contributes to the carbon footprint of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and contributes significantly to global climate change and to the deterioration of the natural environment. Our understanding of N2O generation mechanisms has significantly improved in the last decade, but the development of effective N2O emission mitigation strategies has lagged owing to the complexity of parameter regulation, substandard monitoring activities, and inadequate policy criteria. Based on critically screened published studies on N2O control in full-scale WWTPs, this review elucidates N2O generation pathway identifications and emission mechanisms and summarizes the impact of N2O on the total carbon footprint of WWTPs. In particular, a linear relationship was established between N2O emission factors and total nitrogen removal efficiencies in WWTPs located in China. Promising N2O mitigation options were proposed, which focus on optimizing operating conditions and implementation of innovative treatment processes. Furthermore, the sustainable operation of WWTPs has been anticipated to convert WWTPs into absolute greenhouse gas reducers as a result of the refinement and improvement of on-site monitoring activities, mitigation mechanisms, regulation of operational parameters, modeling, and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Xinyu Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jingbo Guo
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, China
| | - Hui Wang
- SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Liru Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Fangxu Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
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23
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Solís B, Guisasola A, Pijuan M, Baeza JA. Exploring GHG emissions in the mainstream SCEPPHAR configuration during wastewater resource recovery. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157626. [PMID: 35901871 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The wastewater sector paradigm is shifting from wastewater treatment to resource recovery. In addition, concerns regarding sustainability during the operation have increased. In this sense, many water utilities have become aware of the potential GHG emissions during the operation of wastewater treatment. This study assesses the nitrous oxide and methane emissions during the long-term operation of a novel wastewater resource recovery facility (WRRF) configuration: the mainstream SCEPPHAR. The long-term N2O and CH4 emission factors calculated were in the low range of the literature, 1 % and 0.1 %, respectively, even with high nitrite accumulation in the case of N2O. The dynamics and possible sources of production of these emissions are discussed. Finally, different aeration strategies were implemented to study the impact on the N2O emissions in the nitrifying reactor. Results showed that operating the pilot-plant under different dissolved oxygen concentrations (between 1 and 3 g O2 m-3) did not have an effect on the N2O emission factor. Intermittent aeration was the aeration strategy that most mitigated the N2O emissions in the nitrifying reactor, obtaining a reduction of 40 % compared to the normal operation of the pilot plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Solís
- GENOCOV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Albert Guisasola
- GENOCOV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maite Pijuan
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Baeza
- GENOCOV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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24
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Du R, Li C, Liu Q, Fan J, Peng Y. A review of enhanced municipal wastewater treatment through energy savings and carbon recovery to reduce discharge and CO 2 footprint. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128135. [PMID: 36257527 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater treatment that mainly performed by conventional activated sludge (CAS) process faces the challenge of intensive aeration-associated energy consumption for oxidation of organics and ammonium, contributing to significant directly/indirectly greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from energy use, which hinders the achievement of carbon neutral, the top priority mission in the coming decades to cope with the global climate change. Therefore, this article aimed to offer a comprehensive analysis of recently developed biological treatment processes with the focus on reducing discharge and CO2 footprint. The biotechnologies including "Zero Carbon", "Low Carbon", "Carbon Capture and Utilization" are discussed, it suggested that, by integrating these processes with energy-saving and carbon recovery, the challenges faced in current wastewater treatment plants can be overcome, and a carbon-neutral even be possible. Future research should investigate the integration of these methods and improve anammox contribution as well as minimize organics lost under different scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Cong Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qingtao Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Jiarui Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
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25
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Chen B, Qaisar M, Xiao J, Li W, Li J, Cai J. Combined acute effect of salinity and substrate concentration on simultaneous sulfide and nitrite removal process. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Abulimiti A, Wang X, Kang J, Li L, Wu D, Li Z, Piao Y, Ren N. The trade-off between N 2O emission and energy saving through aeration control based on dynamic simulation of full-scale WWTP. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:118961. [PMID: 35973249 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the trade-off between energy saving and N2O emission reduction of WWTP under the precise control of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration through model simulation. A long-term dynamic model for full-scale WWTP GHG emissions was established and calibrated with monitored year-round hourly water quality data to quantify the annual GHG emissions from WWTP. Results showed that N2O dominated the direct emission, up to 76.1%, and the variability of N2O generation could better be revealed by dynamic simulation. Furthermore, GHG emissions of the WWTP were mainly contributed by electric energy, among which the blower consumes the most electricity. To reduce the electricity consumption of blowers, improve mechanical efficiency and reduce DO concentration should be considered. DO setting played a significant role in the N2O and CH4 emission, electricity consumption and effluent quality, which was challenging to balance. The ultralow-oxygen (0-1/0.2-1 mg/L) and low oxygen (1-2 mg/L) control strategies were proposed, and their effects on total GHG emissions and effluent water quality were discussed. If the anaerobic environment (DO<0.2 mg/L)could be avoided, the control frequency (high and low) of the DO set-point did not have a significant effect on the emissions of N2O and CH4 and the effluent quality. The ultralow-oxygen strategy (0.2-1 mg/L) with a high-frequency control strategy achieved the lowest GHG emissions under the current energy mix. However, by 2050, as the energy supply gets cleaner, the total GHG emissions of WWTPs with ultralow-oxygen aeration (0.2-1 mg/L) will exceed low-oxygen aeration by 3.6%-4.2%, as N2O dominates 61.6%. Therefore, considering the trade-off between N2O emission and energy saving in WWTP, ultralow-oxygen aeration is a transition scheme to cleaner energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Abulimiti
- State key Laboratory of urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xiuheng Wang
- State key Laboratory of urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Jinhao Kang
- State key Laboratory of urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lanqing Li
- State key Laboratory of urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Longjiang Environmental Protection Group Co., Ltd, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Longjiang Environmental Protection Group Co., Ltd, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yitong Piao
- Beijing SequoiaLibra Technology Development Co., Ltd, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State key Laboratory of urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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27
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Hausherr D, Niederdorfer R, Bürgmann H, Lehmann M, Magyar P, Mohn J, Morgenroth E, Joss A. Successful year-round mainstream partial nitritation anammox: Assessment of effluent quality, performance and N 2O emissions. WATER RESEARCH X 2022; 16:100145. [PMID: 35789883 PMCID: PMC9250041 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2022.100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
For two decades now, partial nitritation anammox (PNA) systems were suggested to more efficiently remove nitrogen (N) from mainstream municipal wastewater. Yet to date, only a few pilot-scale systems and even fewer full-scale implementations of this technology have been described. Process instability continues to restrict the broad application of PNA. Especially problematic are insufficient anammox biomass retention, the growth of undesired aerobic nitrite-oxidizers, and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. In this study, a two-stage mainstream pilot-scale PNA system, consisting of three reactors (carbon pre-treatment, nitritation, anammox - 8 m3 each), was operated over a year, treating municipal wastewater. The aim was to test whether both, robust autotrophic N removal and high effluent quality, can be achieved throughout the year. A second aim was to better understand rate limiting processes, potentially affecting the overall performance of PNA systems. In this pilot study, excellent effluent quality, in terms of inorganic nitrogen, was accomplished (average effluent concentrations: 0.4 mgNH4-N/L, 0.1 mgNO2-N/L, 0.9 mgNO3-N/L) even at wastewater temperatures previously considered problematic (as low as 8 °C). N removal was limited by nitritation rates (84 ± 43 mgNH4-N/L/d), while surplus anammox activity was observed at all times (178 ± 43 mgN/L/d). Throughout the study, nitrite-oxidation was maintained at a low level (<2.5% of ammonium consumption rate). Unfortunately, high N2O emissions from the nitritation stage (1.2% of total nitrogen in the influent) were observed, and, based on natural isotope abundance measurements, could be attributed to heterotrophic denitrification. In situ batch experiments were conducted to identify the role of dissolved oxygen (DO) and organic substrate availability in N2O emission-mitigation. The addition of organic substrate, to promote complete denitrification, was not successful in decreasing N2O emission, but increasing the DO from 0.3 to 2.9 mgO2/L decreased N2O emissions by a factor of 3.4.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Hausherr
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
- Corresponding author:
| | - R. Niederdorfer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, 6047, Switzerland
| | - H. Bürgmann
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, 6047, Switzerland
| | - M.F. Lehmann
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Aquatic and Isotope Biogeochemistry, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - P. Magyar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Aquatic and Isotope Biogeochemistry, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - J. Mohn
- Empa, Swiss Federal Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Air Pollution / Environmental Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - E. Morgenroth
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - A. Joss
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
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28
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Li L, Wang X, Miao J, Abulimiti A, Jing X, Ren N. Carbon neutrality of wastewater treatment - A systematic concept beyond the plant boundary. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 11:100180. [PMID: 36158752 PMCID: PMC9488052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2022.100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recently, every industry has been working to achieve carbon neutrality, and the wastewater sector is no exception. However, little research focuses on the carbon accounting of wastewater treatment and the roadmap to carbon neutrality. Here, to systematically perform accounting, we provide a sketch that describes three boundaries of the wastewater system and propose that the carbon neutrality of the wastewater system is far beyond the plant boundary. Moreover, we identify the direct and indirect carbon emissions of wastewater treatment. In addition to direct emissions of CH4 and N2O, direct fossil CO2 emissions from wastewater treatment should be included in accounting to set accurate guidelines. Next, the technologies that assist in achieving carbon-neutral wastewater treatment both within-the-fence of wastewater treatment plants and beyond the plant boundary are summarized. All measurements of energy recovery, resource recovery, and water reuse contribute to reaching this goal. The concepts of energy neutrality and carbon neutrality are identified. Successful wastewater treatment cases in energy self-sufficiency may not achieve carbon neutrality. Meanwhile, resource recovery methods are encouraged, especially to produce carbon-based materials. Ultimately, the trend of preference for the decentralized sewage treatment system is pinpointed, and systematic thinking to set the urban infrastructure layout as a whole is advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Xiuheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Jingyu Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Aliya Abulimiti
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Xinsheng Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
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29
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Dębowski M, Zieliński M, Kazimierowicz J. Anaerobic Reactor Filling for Phosphorus Removal by Metal Dissolution Method. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062263. [PMID: 35329713 PMCID: PMC8949496 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A commonly indicated drawback of anaerobic wastewater treatment is the low effectiveness of phosphorus removal. One possibility to eliminate this disadvantage is the implementation of active fillings that contain admixtures of metals, minerals, or other elements contributing to wastewater treatment intensification. The aim of the research was to present an active filling produced via microcellular extrusion technology, and to determine its properties and performance in anaerobic wastewater treatment. The influence of copper and iron admixtures on the properties of the obtained porous extrudate in terms of its functional properties was also examined. The Barus effect increased with the highest content of the blowing agent in the material from 110 ± 12 to 134 ± 14. The addition of metal powders caused an increase in the extrudate density. The modification of PVC resulted in the highest porosity, amounting to 47.0% ± 3.2%, and caused the tensile strength to decrease by about 50%. The determined values ranged from 211.8 ± 18.3 MPa to 97.1 ± 10.0 MPa. The use of the filling in anaerobic rectors promoted COD removal, intensified biogas production, and eliminated phosphorus with an efficiency of 64.4% to 90.7%, depending on the type of wastewater and applied technological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Dębowski
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Marcin Zieliński
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Joanna Kazimierowicz
- Department of Water Supply and Sewage Systems, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland;
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30
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Qi C, Zhou Y, Suenaga T, Oba K, Lu J, Wang G, Zhang L, Yoon S, Terada A. Organic carbon determines nitrous oxide consumption activity of clade I and II nosZ bacteria: Genomic and biokinetic insights. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 209:117910. [PMID: 34920314 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing nitrous oxide (N2O)-reducing bacteria is a promising strategy to reduce the N2O footprint of engineered systems. Applying a preferred organic carbon source as an electron donor accelerates N2O consumption by these bacteria. However, their N2O consumption potential and activity when fed different organic carbon species remain unclear. Here, we systematically compared the effects of various organic carbon sources on the activity of N2O-reducing bacteria via investigation of their biokinetic properties and genomic potentials. Five organic carbon sources-acetate, succinate, glycerol, ethanol, and methanol-were fed to four N2O-reducing bacteria harboring either clade I or clade II nosZ gene. Respirometric analyses were performed with four N2O-reducing bacterial strains, identifying distinct shifts in DO- and N2O-consumption biokinetics in response to the different feeding schemes. Regardless of the N2O-reducing bacteria, higher N2O consumption rates, accompanied by higher biomass yields, were obtained with acetate and succinate. The biomass yield (15.45 ± 1.07 mg-biomass mmol-N2O-1) of Azospira sp. strain I13 (clade II nosZ) observed under acetate-fed condition was significantly higher than those of Paracoccus denitrificans and Pseudomonas stutzeri, exhibiting greater metabolic efficiency. However, the spectrum of the organic carbon species utilizable to Azospira sp. strain I13 was limited, as demonstrated by the highly variable N2O consumption rates observed with different substrates. The potential to metabolize the supplemented carbon sources was investigated by genomic analysis, the results of which corroborated the N2O consumption biokinetics results. Moreover, electron donor selection had a substantial impact on how N2O consumption activities were recovered after oxygen exposure. Collectively, our findings highlight the importance of choosing appropriate electron donor additives for increasing the N2O sink capability of biological nitrogen removal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Qi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yiwen Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Suenaga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1 Harumi-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 185-8538, Japan
| | - Kohei Oba
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Jilai Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Green Economy Development Institute, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sukhwan Yoon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Akihiko Terada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1 Harumi-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 185-8538, Japan.
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Li Z, Yang X, Chen H, Du M, Ok YS. Modeling nitrous oxide emissions in membrane bioreactors: Advancements, challenges and perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:151394. [PMID: 34740645 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have become a well-established wastewater treatment technology owing to their extraordinary efficiency and low space advantage over conventional activated sludge processes. Although the extended activated sludge models can predict the general trend of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in MBRs, the simulation results usually deviate from the actual values. This review critically evaluates the recent advances in the modeling of N2O emissions in MBRs, and proposes future directions for the development and improvement of models that better match the MBR characteristics. The quantitative impact of MBR characteristics on N2O emissions is identified as a key knowledge gap demanding urgent attention. Accurately clarification of the N2O emission pathways governed by MBR characteristics is essential to improve the reliability and practicability of existing models. This article lays a momentous foundation for the optimization of N2O models in MBRs, and proposes new demands for the next-generation model. The contents will assist academics and engineers in developing N2O production models for accurate prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Li
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Mingyang Du
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI), Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Wang H, Li Z, Peng L, Tang X, Lin Y, Yang D, Geng J, Ren H, Xu K. Performance evaluation and mechanism of nitrogen removal in a packed bed reactor using micromagnetic carriers at different carbon to nitrogen ratios. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125747. [PMID: 34461406 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Advanced nitrogen removal of effluent discharged from secondary treatment systems can avoid eutrophication. However, the lack of biodegradable organics limits biodenitrification. Packed bed reactors filled with carriers with different micromagnetic field (MMF) strengths were used to perform tertiary denitrification. The results showed that MMF significantly improved the denitrification performance, especially at low C/N ratios. Total nitrogen (TN) removal was increased by 4.12% with 0.6 mT MMF when C/N = 4 and increased by 7.06% and 8.06% with 0.3 mT and 0.9 mT MMFs when C/N = 3, respectively. Zooglea, Flavobacterium, and Denitratisoma contributed to the advanced denitrification performance under MMF. In addition, 0.6 mT MMF enhanced nitrogen metabolism and ABC transporter protein and two-component system activities of microorganisms under C/N = 4; 0.3 mT and 0.9 mT MMFs increased nitrogen, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism and ABC transporter protein activities under C/N = 3. These findings indicate that MMF has great potential for advanced denitrification from secondary effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ling Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Dongli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jinju Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Tian Z, Zhou N, You W, He D, Chang F, Zheng M. Mitigating NO and N 2O emissions from a pilot-scale oxidation ditch using bioaugmentation of immobilized aerobic denitrifying bacteria. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125704. [PMID: 34375792 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) requires urgent mitigation because of its significant contribution to the greenhouse effect. In this study, bioaugmentation was applied in a pilot-scale oxidation ditch with the aerobic denitrifying bacteria strain PCN-1 immobilized on polyurethane biocarriers, which demonstrated effective N2O mitigation. Microbial community analysis suggested that the bioaugmentation facilitated a symbiotic relationship of the bacterial populations between the activated sludge and the biocarriers. The denitrifying bacteria with well-known N2O reducing capabilities predominated on the biocarriers. Correspondingly, the increases of denitrifying genes and NO and N2O reductase provided evidence for the enhanced genetic potential for NO and N2O reduction. Besides, the enriched comammox Nitrospira on the biocarriers is proposed as another significant driver for N2O mitigation by avoiding nitrite accumulation. In addition, the bioaugmentation enhanced the stability and recovery capability of the system in the ammonia overload and aeration failure shock tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Regional Energy Systems Optimization, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Technology, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenbo You
- Key Laboratory of Regional Energy Systems Optimization, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Technology, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Da He
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Chang
- Marine Resources Research Centre, Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, M.O.T., Tianjin 300456, China
| | - Maosheng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Regional Energy Systems Optimization, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Technology, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
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Aghajani Delavar M, Li Z, Wang J. Modelling denitrification process in a static mixer–reactor using lattice-Boltzmann method. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Boonnorat J, Honda R, Panichnumsin P, Boonapatcharoen N, Yenjam N, Krasaesueb C, Wachirawat M, Seemuang-On S, Jutakanoke R, Teeka J, Angthong S, Prachanurak P. Treatment efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions of non-floating and floating bed activated sludge system with acclimatized sludge treating landfill leachate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 330:124952. [PMID: 33744739 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This research investigates the treatment efficiency and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of non-floating and floating bed AS systems with acclimatized sludge treating landfill leachate. The GHGs under study included carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). The non-floating and floating bed AS systems were operated in parallel with identical landfill leachate influent under different hydraulic retention time (HRT) conditions (24, 18, and 12 h). The experimental results showed that the treatment efficiency of organic compounds under 24 h HRT of both systems (90 - 98%) were insignificantly different, while the nutrient removal efficiency of both systems were between 54 and 98 %. The treatment efficiency of the floating bed AS system, despite shorter HRT, remained relatively unchanged due to an abundance of effective bacteria residing in the floating media. The CO2 emissions were insignificantly different between both AS systems under all HRT conditions (22 - 26.3 μmol/cm2.min). The CO2 emissions were positively correlated with organic loading but inversely correlated with HRT. The CH4 emissions were positively correlated with HRT (26.3 μmol/cm2.min under 24 h HRT of the floating bed AS system). The N2O emissions were positively correlated with nitrogen loading, and the N2O emissions from the floating bed AS system were lower due to an abundance of N2O-reducing bacteria. The floating media enhanced the biological treatment efficiency while maintaining the bacterial community in the system. However, the floating media promoted CH4 production under anoxic conditions. The originality of this research lies in the use of floating media in the biological treatment system to mitigate GHG emissions, unlike existing research which focused primarily on enhancement of the treatment efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarungwit Boonnorat
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Klong 6, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand.
| | - Ryo Honda
- Faculty of Geosciences and Civil Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Otsu 520-0811, Japan
| | - Pornpan Panichnumsin
- Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management (ECoWaste), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bang Khun Thian, Bangkok 10150, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Nimaradee Boonapatcharoen
- Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management (ECoWaste), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bang Khun Thian, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Nawamin Yenjam
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Klong 6, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand
| | - Chananya Krasaesueb
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Klong 6, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand
| | - Manyapron Wachirawat
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Klong 6, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand
| | - Sestapong Seemuang-On
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Klong 6, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand
| | - Rumpa Jutakanoke
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Mueang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Jantima Teeka
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Klong 6, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand
| | - Sivakorn Angthong
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Klong 6, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand
| | - Pradthana Prachanurak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok 26120, Thailand
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Minimization of N2O Emission through Intermittent Aeration in a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR): Main Behavior and Mechanism. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To explore the main behavior and mechanism of minimizing nitrous oxide (N2O) emission through intermittent aeration during wastewater treatment, two lab-scale sequencing batch reactors operated at intermittently aerated mode (SBR1), and continuously aerated mode (SBR2) were established. Compared with SBR2, the intermittently aerated SBR1 reached not only a higher total nitrogen removal efficiency (averaged 93.5%) but also a lower N2O-emission factor (0.01–0.53% of influent ammonia), in which short-cut nitrification and denitrification were promoted. Moreover, less accumulation and consumption of polyhydroxyalkanoates, a potential endogenous carbon source promoting N2O emission, were observed in SBR1. Batch experiments revealed that nitrifier denitrification was the major pathway generating N2O while heterotrophic denitrification played as a sink of N2O, and SBR1 embraced a larger N2O-mitigating capability. Finally, quantitative polymerase chain reaction results suggested that the abundant complete ammonia oxidizer (comammox) elevated in the intermittently aerated environment played a potential role in avoiding N2O generation during wastewater treatment. This work provides an in-depth insight into the utilization of proper management of intermittent aeration to control N2O emission from wastewater treatment plants.
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