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Waldemer C, Lechtenfeld OJ, Gao S, Koschorreck M, Herzsprung P. Anaerobic degradation of excess protein-rich fish feed drives CH 4 ebullition in a freshwater aquaculture pond. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 954:176514. [PMID: 39341235 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Aquaculture is a climate-relevant source of greenhouse gases like methane. Methane emissions depend on various parameters, with organic matter playing a crucial role. Nevertheless, little is known about the composition of organic matter in aquaculture. We investigated the effects of excessive loading of high-protein fish feed on the quality of sediment organic matter in a fishpond to explain extremely high methane ebullition rates (bubble flux). Analysing the molecular composition of water-extractable organic matter using liquid chromatography Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectroscopy, we found strong differences between the feeding area and open water area: low-molecular weight nitrogen and sulphur-rich organic compounds were highly enriched at the feeding area. In addition, methane ebullition correlated well with sediment protein content and total bound nitrogen in pore water. Our results indicate that feed proteins in the sediments are hydrolysed into oligopeptides (CHNO) and subsequently converted to CHOS and CHNOS components during anaerobic deamination of protein and peptide fragments in the presence of inorganic sulphides. These metabolites accumulate at the feeding area due to continuous feed supply. Our findings illustrate the adverse effects of excessive feeding leading to bioreactor-like methane emissions at the feeding area. Improving feed management has the potential to make aquaculture more climate-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Waldemer
- Department Lake Research, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Brückstraße 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Oliver J Lechtenfeld
- Department Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Research Group BioGeoOmics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shuxian Gao
- Department Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Research Group BioGeoOmics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Koschorreck
- Department Lake Research, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Brückstraße 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Herzsprung
- Department Lake Research, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Brückstraße 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
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2
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Liu YH, Huang JN, Wen B, Gao JZ, Chen ZZ. Comprehensive assessment of three crayfish culture modes: From production performance to environmental sustainability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 954:176470. [PMID: 39317249 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Integrated agriculture-aquaculture has emerged as a promising ecological development model. Crayfish, a popular aquaculture species, are traditionally reared either in monoculture ponds (mono-C) or in rice-crayfish polyculture system (poly-RC). In this study, we introduced a novel polyculture system by combining fruit tree with crayfish (poly-FC), aiming to compare these three crayfish culture modes in terms of production performance and ecological sustainability. The results indicated that crayfish reared in the two polyculture modes exhibited significantly higher specific growth rate and condition factor compared to those in mono-C. Crayfish cultured in poly-FC also showed better muscle quality and higher levels of crude fat and flavor or essential amino acids. Isotope mixing model showed that feed and benthic animals were the primary food sources of crayfish in mono-C, whereas aquatic plants, fruit litter or rice contributed more to those in polyculture modes. For greenhouse gas emissions, poly-FC mode emitted almost no CO2 and N2O even favored negative CH4 emission, while poly-RC and mono-C modes showed positive emissions of CH4 and CO2, respectively. Supported by metagenomics, the sink of CH4 in poly-FC was probably due to the lower mcr abundance but the higher pmo abundance in water. The low production and emission of N2O in poly-FC might result from the low-abundant Nitrospirae_bacterium and its coding gene norC in sediment, consistent with the lower denitrification rate but the higher NO3- concentration than mono-C. Overall, our findings reveal the superiority of polyculture of fruit tree with crayfish in terms of production performance and greenhouse gas emissions in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jun-Nan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Bin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Jian-Zhong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zai-Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Yan X, Han H, Li X, Rong X, Xia L, Yan X, Xia Y. Small water body significantly contributes to nitrous oxide emissions in China's aquaculture. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 364:121472. [PMID: 38879968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Aquaculture systems are expected to act as potential hotspots for nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, largely attributed to substantial nutrient loading from aquafeed applications. However, the specific patterns and contributions of N2O fluxes from these systems to the global emissions inventory are not well characterized due to limited data. This study investigates the patterns of N2O flux across 127 freshwater systems in China to elucidate the role of aquaculture ponds and lakes/reservoirs in landscape N2O emission. Our findings show that the average N2O flux from aquaculture ponds was 3.63 times higher (28.73 μg N2O m-2 h-1) than that from non-aquaculture ponds. Additionally, the average N2O flux from aquaculture lakes/reservoirs (15.65 μg N2O m-2 h-1) increased 3.05 times compared to non-aquaculture lakes/reservoirs. The transition from non-aquaculture to aquaculture practices has resulted in a net annual increase of 7589 ± 2409 Mg N2O emissions in China's freshwater systems from 2003 to 2022, equivalent to 20% of total N2O emissions from China's inland water. Particularly, the robust negative regression relationship between N2O emission intensity and water area suggests that small ponds are hotspots of N2O emissions, a result of both elevated nutrient concentrations and more vigorous biogeochemical cycles. This indicates that N2O emissions from smaller aquaculture ponds are larger per unit area compared to equivalent larger water bodies. Our findings highlight that N2O emissions from aquaculture systems can not be proxied by those from natural water bodies, especially small water bodies exhibiting significant but largely unquantified N2O emissions. In the context of the rapid global expansion of aquaculture, this underscores the critical need to integrate aquaculture into global assessments of inland water N2O emissions to advance towards a low-carbon future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Haojie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Xiangmin Rong
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Longlong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Yongqiu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China.
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Niu X, Wu W, Shi W, Fu Z, Han X, Li SL, Yan Z. Quantifying the contribution of methane diffusion and ebullition from agricultural ditches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170912. [PMID: 38354794 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural ditches are significant methane (CH4) sources since substantial nutrient inputs stimulate CH4 production and emission. However, few studies have quantified the role of diffusion and ebullition pathways in total CH4 emission from agricultural ditches. This study measured the spatiotemporal variations of diffusive and ebullitive CH4 fluxes from a multi-level ditch system in a typical temperate agriculture area, and assessed their contributions to the total CH4 emission. Results illustrated that the mean annual CH4 flux in the ditch system reached 1475.1 mg m-2 d-1, among which 1376.7 mg m-2 d-1 was emitted via diffusion and 98.5 mg m-2 d-1 via ebullition. Both diffusive and ebullitive fluxes varied significantly across different types of ditches and seasons, with diffusion dominating CH4 emission in middle-size ditches and ebullition dominating in large-size ditches. Diffusion was primarily driven by large nutrient inputs from adjacent farmlands, while hydrological factors like water temperature and depth controlled ebullition. Overall, CH4 emission accounted for 86 % of the global warming potential across the ditch system, with 81 % attributed to diffusion and 5 % to ebullition. This study highlights the importance of agricultural ditches as hotspots for CH4 emissions, particularly the dominant role of the diffusion pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Niu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenxin Wu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Weiwei Shi
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zihuan Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xingxing Han
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Si-Liang Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhifeng Yan
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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5
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Wang C, Xv Y, Wu Z, Li X, Li S. Denitrification regulates spatiotemporal pattern of N 2O emission in an interconnected urban river-lake network. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 251:121144. [PMID: 38277822 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Urban rivers are hotspots of N2O production and emission. Interconnected river-lake networks are constructed to improve the water quality and hydrodynamic conditions of urban rivers in many cities of China. However, the impact of the river-lake connectivity project on N2O production and emission remains unclear. This study investigated dissolved N2O and emission of the river-lake network in Wuhan City, China from March 2021 to December 2021. The results showed that river-lake connection greatly decreased riverine Nitrogen (N) concentration and increased dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration compare to traditional urban rivers. N2O emissions from the urban river interconnected with lakes (LUR: 67.3 ± 92.6 μmol/m2/d) were much lower than those from the traditional urban rivers (UR: 467.3 ± 1075.7 μmol/m2/d) and agricultural rivers (AR: 20.4 ± 15.3μmol/m2/d). Regression tree analysis suggested that the N2O concentrations were extremely high when hypoxia exists (DO < 1.6 mg/L), and TDN was the primary factor regulating N2O concentrations when hypoxia does not occur. Thus, we ascribe the low N2O emission in the LUR and AR to the lower N contents and higher DO concentrations. The microbial process of N2O production and consumption were quantitatively estimated by isotopic models. The mean proportion of denitrification derived N2O (fbD) was 63.5 %, 55.6 %, 42.3 % and 42.7 % in the UR, LUR, lakes and AR, suggested denitrification dominated N2O production in the urban rivers, but nitrification dominated N2O production in the lakes and AR. The positive correlation between logN2O and fbD suggested that denitrification is the key process to regulate the N2O production and emission. The abundance of denitrification genes (nirS and nirK) was much higher than that of nitrification genes (amoA and amoB), also evidenced that denitrification was the main N2O source. Therefore, river-lake interconnected projects changed the nutrients level and hypoxic condition, leading to the inhibition of denitrification and nitrification, and ultimately resulting in a decrease of N2O production and emission. These results advance the knowledge on the microbial processes that regulate N2O emissions in inland waters and illustrate the integrated management of water quality and N2O emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Wang
- Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Yuhan Xv
- Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Zefeng Wu
- Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Xing Li
- Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Siyue Li
- Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan 430205, China.
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6
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Xun F, Feng M, Ma S, Chen H, Zhang W, Mao Z, Zhou Y, Xiao Q, Wu QL, Xing P. Methane ebullition fluxes and temperature sensitivity in a shallow lake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169589. [PMID: 38151123 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Inland waters are important sources of atmospheric methane (CH4), with a major contribution from the CH4 ebullition pathway. However, there is still a lack of CH4 ebullition flux (eFCH4) and their temperature sensitivity (Q10) in shallow lakes, which might lead to large uncertainties in CH4 emission response from aquatic to climate and environmental change. Herein, the magnitude and regulatory of two CH4 pathways (ebullition and diffusion) were studied in subtropical Lake Chaohu, China, using the real-time portable greenhouse gas (GHG) analyzer-floating chamber method at 18 sites over four seasons. eFCH4 (12.06 ± 4.10 nmol m-2 s-1) was the dominant contributing pathway (73.0 %) to the two CH4 emission pathways in Lake Chaohu. The whole-lake mass balance calculation demonstrated that 56.6 % of the CH4 emitted from the sediment escaped through the ebullition pathway. eFCH4 was significantly higher in the western (WL: 16.54 ± 22.22 nmol m-2 s-1) and eastern lake zones (EL: 11.89 ± 15.43 nmol m-2 s-1) than in the middle lake zone (ML: 8.86 ± 13.78 nmol m-2 s-1; p < 0.05) and were significantly higher in the nearshore lake zone (NL: 15.94 ± 19.58 nmol m-2 s-1) than in the pelagic lake zone (PL: 6.64 ± 12.37 nmol m-2 s-1; p < 0.05). eFCH4 was significantly higher in summer (32.12 ± 13.82 nmol m-2 s-1) than in other seasons (p < 0.05). eFCH4 had a strong temperature dependence. Sediment total organic carbon (STOC) is an important ecosystem level Q10 driver of eFCH4. The meta-analysis also verified that across ecosystems the ecosystem-level Q10 of eFCH4 was significantly positively correlated with STOC and latitude (p < 0.05). This study suggests that eFCH4 will become increasingly crucial in shallow lake ecosystems as climate change and human activities increase. The potential increase in ebullition fluxes in high-latitude lakes is of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Muhua Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Shuzhan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - He Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wangshou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhendu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qitao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qinglong L Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Peng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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7
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Yang P, Zhang L, Lin Y, Yang H, Lai DYF, Tong C, Zhang Y, Tan L, Zhao G, Tang KW. Significant inter-annual fluctuation in CO 2 and CH 4 diffusive fluxes from subtropical aquaculture ponds: Implications for climate change and carbon emission evaluations. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 249:120943. [PMID: 38064785 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Aquaculture ponds are potential hotspots for carbon cycling and emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) like CO2 and CH4, but they are often poorly assessed in the global GHG budget. This study determined the temporal variations of CO2 and CH4 concentrations and diffusive fluxes and their environmental drivers in coastal aquaculture ponds in southeastern China over a five-year period (2017-2021). The findings indicated that CH4 flux from aquaculture ponds fluctuated markedly year-to-year, and CO2 flux varied between positive and negative between years. The coefficient of inter-annual variation of CO2 and CH4 diffusive fluxes was 168% and 127%, respectively, highlighting the importance of long-term observations to improve GHG assessment from aquaculture ponds. In addition to chlorophyll-a and dissolved oxygen as the common environmental drivers, CO2 was further regulated by total dissolved phosphorus and CH4 by dissolved organic carbon. Feed conversion ratio correlated positively with both CO2 and CH4 concentrations and fluxes, showing that unconsumed feeds fueled microbial GHG production. A linear regression based on binned (averaged) monthly CO2 diffusive flux data, calculated from CO2 concentrations, can be used to estimate CH4 diffusive flux with a fair degree of confidence (r2 = 0.66; p < 0.001). This algorithm provides a simple and practical way to assess the total carbon diffusive flux from aquaculture ponds. Overall, this study provides new insights into mitigating the carbon footprint of aquaculture production and assessing the impact of aquaculture ponds on the regional and global scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China; Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, PR China; Research Centre of Wetlands in Subtropical Region, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China.
| | - Linhai Zhang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China; Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, PR China
| | - Yongxin Lin
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China; Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, PR China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, UK; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Derrick Y F Lai
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chuan Tong
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China; Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China; Research Centre of Wetlands in Subtropical Region, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China.
| | - Yifei Zhang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China
| | - Lishan Tan
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guanghui Zhao
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China
| | - Kam W Tang
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
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8
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Li X, Yu R, Wang J, Sun H, Liu X, Ren X, Zhuang S, Guo Z, Lu X. Greenhouse gas emissions from Daihai Lake, China: Should eutrophication and salinity promote carbon emission dynamics? J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 135:407-423. [PMID: 37778815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted or absorbed by lakes are an important component of the global carbon cycle. However, few studies have focused on the GHG dynamics of eutrophic saline lakes, thus preventing a comprehensive understanding of the carbon cycle. Here, we conducted four sampling analyses using a floating chamber in Daihai Lake, a eutrophication saline lake in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, to explore its carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions. The mean CO2 emission flux (FCO2) and CH4 emission flux (FCH4) were 17.54 ± 14.54 mmol/m2/day and 0.50 ± 0.50 mmol/m2/day, respectively. The results indicated that Daihai Lake was a source of CO2 and CH4, and GHG emissions exhibited temporal variability. The mean CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) and CH4 partial pressure (pCH4) were 561.35 ± 109.59 µatm and 17.02 ± 13.45 µatm, which were supersaturated relative to the atmosphere. The regression and correlation analysis showed that the main influencing factors of pCO2 were wind speed, dissolved oxygen (DO), total nitrogen (TN) and Chlorophyll a (Chl.a), whereas the main influencing factors of pCH4 were water temperature (WT), Chl.a, nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), TN, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and water depth. Salinity regulated carbon mineralization and organic matter decomposition, and it was an important influencing factor of pCO2 and pCH4. Additionally, the trophic level index (TLI) significantly increased pCH4. Our study elucidated that salinity and eutrophication play an important role in the dynamic changes of GHG emissions. However, research on eutrophic saline lakes needs to be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Ruihong Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; Key Laboratory of Mongolian Plateau Ecology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010070, China; Autonomous Region Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrated Management of Water Resources and Water Environment in the Inner Mongolia Reaches of the Yellow River, Hohhot 010018, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Heyang Sun
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Xiaohui Ren
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Shuai Zhuang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Zhiwei Guo
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Xixi Lu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, 117570, Singapore
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9
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Rovelli L, Morandi C, Abusafia A, Fuchs S, Dittmer U, Lorke A. The role of stormwater infrastructure in regional methane emissions. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 243:120334. [PMID: 37482003 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Stormwater infrastructure has been recently indicated as a potential hotspot for methane (CH4) emissions. Although local assessments based on direct CH4 measurements are increasingly available, there is currently no standardized approach for evaluating CH4 emissions from different types of stormwater infrastructure, including permanently impounded or fast-draining structures in Urban Drainage Systems (UDS). Therefore, a comparative analysis with wastewater infrastructure systems, such as wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), is not yet possible. Here, we present a conceptual framework for the first-order quantification and upscaling of CH4 emissions from stormwater infrastructure at local and national scales. We combined in-situ and ex-situ measurements of CH4 emissions with purposely acquired data from selected stormwater facilities to provide initial estimates of CH4 emissions and emission factors for stormwater infrastructure in Germany. The results show that while stormwater infrastructure might emit comparable amounts of CH4 per area as natural and anthropogenically impacted inland waters, it may exhibit higher mean emission factors (up to 7 times) than conventional WWTPs, indicating less efficiency in limiting CH4 emissions than WWTPs. This is particularly true for permanently impounded facilities, which showed substantially higher mean surface CH4 emissions (up to 632 mg m-2 d-1) than fast-draining infrastructure (0.5-1.28 mg m-2 d-1). Permanently impounded sedimentation basins for stormwater management alone may reach up to 60% of the total CH4 emissions originating from WWTPs in Germany. These results are in conflict with the ongoing trend towards increasing implementation of impounded stormwater infrastructure systems, highlighting the urgent need for more extensive assessments of their impact on CH4 dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Rovelli
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau 76829, Germany.
| | - Carlo Morandi
- Department of Urban Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 14, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Attaallah Abusafia
- Department of Urban Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 14, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Stephan Fuchs
- Institute for Water and River Basin Management, Department of Aquatic Environmental Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Gotthard-Franz-Straße 3, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dittmer
- Department of Urban Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 14, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Andreas Lorke
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau 76829, Germany
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10
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Wu W, Niu X, Yan Z, Li S, Comer-Warner SA, Tian H, Li SL, Zou J, Yu G, Liu CQ. Agricultural ditches are hotspots of greenhouse gas emissions controlled by nutrient input. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120271. [PMID: 37399689 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural ditches are pervasive in agricultural areas and are potential greenhouse gas (GHG) hotspots, since they directly receive abundant nutrients from neighboring farmlands. However, few studies measure GHG concentrations or fluxes in this particular water course, likely resulting in underestimations of GHG emissions from agricultural regions. Here we conducted a one-year field study to investigate the GHG concentrations and fluxes from typical agricultural ditch systems, which included four different types of ditches in an irrigation district located in the North China Plain. The results showed that almost all the ditches were large GHG sources. The mean fluxes were 333 μmol m-2 h-1 for CH4, 7.1 mmol m-2 h-1 for CO2, and 2.4 μmol m-2 h-1 for N2O, which were approximately 12, 5, and 2 times higher, respectively, than that in the river connecting to the ditch systems. Nutrient input was the primary driver stimulating GHG production and emissions, resulting in GHG concentrations and fluxes increasing from the river to ditches adjacent to farmlands, which potentially received more nutrients. Nevertheless, the ditches directly connected to farmlands showed lower GHG concentrations and fluxes compared to the ditches adjacent to farmlands, possibly due to seasonal dryness and occasional drainage. All the ditches covered approximately 3.3% of the 312 km2 farmland area in the study district, and the total GHG emission from the ditches in this area was estimated to be 26.6 Gg CO2-eq yr-1, with 17.5 Gg CO2, 0.27 Gg CH4, and 0.006 Gg N2O emitted annually. Overall, this study demonstrated that agricultural ditches were hotspots of GHG emissions, and future GHG estimations should incorporate this ubiquitous but underrepresented water course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Wu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xueqi Niu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhifeng Yan
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Critical Zone Observatory of Bohai Coastal Region, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Siyue Li
- Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Sophie A Comer-Warner
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Hanqin Tian
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States
| | - Si-Liang Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Critical Zone Observatory of Bohai Coastal Region, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianwen Zou
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon and Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guirui Yu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cong-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Critical Zone Observatory of Bohai Coastal Region, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300072, China
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11
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Hu M, Sardans J, Yan R, Wu H, Ni R, Peñuelas J, Tong C. Substantial increase in P release following conversion of coastal wetlands to aquaculture ponds from altered kinetic exchange and resupply capacity. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 230:119586. [PMID: 36638741 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The reclamation of wetlands and its subsequent conversion to aquaculture may alter regional nutrient (im)mobilization and cycling, although direct assessments of phosphorus (P) cycling and its budget balance following wetland conversion are currently scarce. Here, parallel field experiments were conducted to investigate and compare the availability and mobilization mechanisms of P from natural coastal wetlands and the adjacent converted aquaculture ponds based on high-resolution diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) and dialysis (HR-Peeper) techniques and the DGT-induced fluxes in sediments (DIFS) model. The study found that the conversion of wetland to pond strongly reduced the sediment P pool by changing its forms and distribution. High-resolution data showed that concentrations of labile P and soluble reactive P across the sediment-water profiles were markedly enhanced by the converted aquaculture pond, although they exhibited large spatiotemporal heterogeneity. Moreover, the synchronous distribution of labile P, iron (Fe) and sulfur (S) across profiles in coastal wetlands indicated that the dissolution of Fe (III) oxyhydroxide-phosphate complexes coupled with sulfate reduction were the main mechanisms regulating sediment P mobilization in coastal areas. However, the converted aquaculture pond weakened or even reversed this dependence by decoupling the Fe-S-P reactions by changing the sediment structure and nutrient balance. Substantial increases in labile P, Fe and S fluxes in the pond suggested the conversion of wetland to aquaculture facilitated the internal release of P, Fe and S from sediment into water. The high resupply parameter (R) and desorption rate (k-1) combined with low response time (Tc) in the pond, as fitted by DIFS model, indicated the strong resupply capacity and fast kinetic exchange of sediment P across the sediment-water interface, which is consistent with the high P diffusion fluxes recorded in the pond. It was concluded that converted aquaculture ponds act as an important source of P release in coastal areas, potentially exacerbating water quality degradation and eutrophication. Specific initiatives and actions are therefore urgently needed to alleviate the internal P-loading during aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Humid Sub-tropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Wetland Ecosystem Research Station of Minjiang Estuary, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350215, China.
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Nonlinear Analysis and Applied Mathematics (NAAM)-Research Group, Department of Mathematics. Faculty of Science. King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80257, Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruibing Yan
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Hui Wu
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Ranxu Ni
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Chuan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Humid Sub-tropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Wetland Ecosystem Research Station of Minjiang Estuary, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350215, China.
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12
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Dong B, Xi Y, Cui Y, Peng S. Quantifying Methane Emissions from Aquaculture Ponds in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1576-1583. [PMID: 36516430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Small ponds are important methane (CH4) sources. However, current estimates of CH4 emissions from aquaculture ponds are largely uncertain due to data paucity, especially in China─the largest aquaculture producer in the world. Here, we present a nationwide metadata analysis with a database of 55 field observations to examine total CH4 emissions from aquaculture ponds in China. We found that the annual CH4 fluxes from aquaculture ponds are much larger than those from reservoirs and lakes. The total CH4 emission from aquaculture ponds is 1.60 ± 0.62 Tg CH4 yr-1, with an average growth rate of ∼0.03 Tg CH4 yr-2 during the period 2008-2019. Compared with global major protein-producing livestocks, aquaculture species have a lower (63%) emission intensity, defined by the amount of CH4 emitted per unit of animal proteins. Our study highlights the essential contribution of China's aquaculture ponds to national CH4 emissions and the lower environmental cost of the aquaculture sector for future animal protein production. More field measurements with multi-scale observations are urgently needed to reduce the uncertainty of CH4 emissions from aquaculture ponds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogang Dong
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Yi Xi
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Yongxing Cui
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
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13
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Liu J, Chen Y, Wang Y, Du M, Wu Z. Greenhouse gases emissions and dissolved carbon export affected by submarine groundwater discharge in a maricultural bay, Hainan Island, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159665. [PMID: 36302414 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in coastal areas are influenced by both mariculture and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). In this study, we first conducted a comprehensive investigation on carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions affected by SGD in a typical maricultural bay in north-eastern Hainan Island, China. A radon (222Rn) mass balance model revealed considerable high SGD rates (179 ± 92 cm d-1) in the bay, and the fluxes of SGD-derived dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were 150.36 and 3.65 g C m-2 d-1, respectively. Time-series measurement results, including those for 222Rn, CH4, CO2, and physicochemical parameters, indicated that GHG dynamics in the maricultural bay mainly varied with tidal fluctuations, and isotopic evidence further revealed that acetate fermentation was the main mechanism of methanogenesis in the maricultural waters. The water-air fluxes in the maricultural area were 1.05 ± 0.32 and 9.49 ± 3.96 mmol m-2 day-1 for CH4 and CO2, respectively, implying that Qinglan Bay was a potential source of GHG released into the atmosphere. At the bay-scale, the CO2 emissions followed a spatial pattern, and the CH4 emissions were mainly affected by mariculture. The high CH4 emissions in the maricultural waters caused by maricultural activities, SGD, high temperature, and special hydrology resulted in the formation of the CH4-dominated total CO2-equivalent emissions model. Our study highlights the importance of considering the link between SGD and GHG emissions in maricultural bays when constraining global GHG fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuanqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mengran Du
- Deep Sea Science Division, Institute of Deep Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Zijun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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14
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Hu M, Sardans J, Le Y, Yan R, Peñuelas J. Coastal wetland conversion to aquaculture pond reduced soil P availability by altering P fractions, phosphatase activity, and associated microbial properties. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137083. [PMID: 36334732 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reclamation and conversion of wetlands strongly affect nutrient cycling and ecosystem functions, while little attention has been paid to the effects of converting coastal wetland to aquaculture on the cycling and balance of soil phosphorus (P). Herein, we investigated soil P fractions, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and associated microbial properties following coastal wetland conversion in subtropical China. Soil P availability (especially resin-P) concentration and ALP activity in wetland were significantly higher than those in pond. The conversion of coastal wetlands to aquaculture significantly reduced the abundance and diversity of bacterial phoD genes and altered their community structure. The lower phosphatase activity and associated microbial properties after wetland conversion suggested a weaker capacity of microbes to transform organic P (Po) to inorganic P (Pi), consistent with the low P availability but the high Po:Pi ratio in pond. Structural equation modeling indicated that the conversion of the wetland to the pond decreased ALP activity and P availability by affecting soil variables such as bulk density, pH, the carbon: nitrogen ratio, and/or moisture. It was concluded that wetland conversion to pond reduced soil P availability and phosphatase activity, altered the abundance, diversity and community composition of the phoD gene, and ultimately affected coastal P cycles and balances. Moreover, an extended corollary is that the smaller amounts of variation in soil total P and lower labile P concentrations in pond than in wetland suggest that large amounts of P (introduced in feed and not harvested in shrimp) are "lost" from the system. Thus, aquaculture ponds might serve as a source of P for the surrounding environment. More investigations focusing on the P biogeochemical cycle and its potential impacts on adjacent ocean environments at regional and global scales is urgently needed, which could contribute to better management of coastal land uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Humid Sub-tropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China; Wetland Ecosystem Research Station of Minjiang Estuary, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou, 350215, China.
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Yixun Le
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ruibing Yan
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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15
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Ma J, Li SL, Chen Y, Yue FJ, Shaheen SM, Majrashi A, Ali EF, Antoniadis V, Rinklebe J, Luo H, Zheng Q. Hazardous toxic metal(loid)s in top- and deep-soils during the transformation of aquaculture ponds restored to farmland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158569. [PMID: 36075433 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The pollution risks due to the soil migration of toxic metal(loid)s (TMs) are a greatly hazard to ecological environment as well as animal and human health. Previous studies have primarily focused on surface contamination while deep soil layers often contain dangerous levels of TMs. We used restored wheat and rice farmlands from aquaculture ponds as a case study to examine the ecological risk and distribution of TMs in soil profiles. The elements Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Hg and As were markedly enriched in the 60-180 cm soil layers of restored farmland, and their concentrations decreased in the several depths as follows: 120-180 cm > 60-120 cm > 0-60 cm. Concentrations of TMs were 9.5-128 % greater in the restored farmlands relative to farmlands not exposed to aquaculture practices. Cadmium and mercury were the most serious contaminants and increased the overall ecological risk. The subsoil of wheat farming system had the highest pollution risk versus the restored rice farmland at 60-120 cm due to elevated levels of Cu, Zn and Pb. Toxic metal(loid)s might be derived from natural sources in deep soil of conventional farmland whereas aquaculture practices were found to constitute the major contribution in the subsoil of restored farmland. Our results indicated that the TMs that were buried in deep soil layers migrated upward and were a significant pollution risk. Urgent actions should be taken to identify and alleviate the contamination sources of these deep soils in addition to the conventional leaching and migration processes of surface contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifu Ma
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Si-Liang Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Yiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Fu-Jun Yue
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Critical Zone Observatory of Bohai Coastal Region, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Ali Majrashi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esmat F Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vasileios Antoniadis
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Greece
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan, 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Han Luo
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qihui Zheng
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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16
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Yang P, Tang KW, Tong C, Lai DYF, Zhang L, Lin X, Yang H, Tan L, Zhang Y, Hong Y, Tang C, Lin Y. Conversion of coastal wetland to aquaculture ponds decreased N 2O emission: Evidence from a multi-year field study. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 227:119326. [PMID: 36368085 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Land reclamation is a major threat to the world's coastal wetlands, and it may influence the biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen in coastal regions. Conversion of coastal marshes into aquaculture ponds is common in the Asian Pacific region, but its impacts on the production and emission of nitrogen greenhouse gases remain poorly understood. In this study, we compared N2O emission from a brackish marsh and converted shrimp aquaculture ponds in the Shanyutan wetland, the Min River Estuary in Southeast China over a three-year period. We also measured sediment and porewater properties, relevant functional gene abundance, sediment N2O production potential and denitrification potential in the two habitats. Results indicated that the pond sediment had lower N-substrate availability, lower ammonia oxidation (AOA and comammox Nitrospira amoA), nitrite reduction (nirK and nirS) and nitrous oxide reduction (nosZ Ⅰ and nosZ Ⅱ) gene abundance and lower N2O production and denitrification potentials than in marsh sediments. Consequently, N2O emission fluxes from the aquaculture ponds (range 5.4-251.8 μg m-2 h-1) were significantly lower than those from the marsh (12.6-570.7 μg m-2 h-1). Overall, our results show that conversion from marsh to shrimp aquaculture ponds in the Shanyutan wetland may have diminished nutrient input from the catchment, impacted the N-cycling microbial community and lowered N2O production capacity of the sediment, leading to lower N2O emissions. Better post-harvesting management of pond water and sediment may further mitigate N2O emissions caused by the aquaculture operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Kam W Tang
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Chuan Tong
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Derrick Y F Lai
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linhai Zhang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Hong Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AB, United Kingdom
| | - Lishan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yan Hong
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Chen Tang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yongxin Lin
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
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17
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Miao Y, Meng H, Luo W, Li B, Luo H, Deng Q, Yao Y, Shi Y, Wu QL. Large alpine deep lake as a source of greenhouse gases: A case study on Lake Fuxian in Southwestern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156059. [PMID: 35598672 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater lakes are recognized as potential sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs) that contribute to global warming. However, the spatiotemporal patterns of GHG emissions have not been adequately quantified in large deep lakes, resulting in substantial uncertainties in the estimated GHG budgets in global lakes. In this study, the spatial and seasonal variability of diffusive GHG (CO2, CH4, and N2O) emissions from Lake Fuxian located on a plateau in Southwestern China were quantified. The results showed that the surface lake water was oversaturated with dissolved GHG concentrations, and the average concentrations were 24.25 μM CO2, 0.044 μM CH4, and 14.28 nM N2O, with diffusive emission rates of 8.82 mmol CO2 m-2 d-1, 31.94 μmol CH4 m-2 d-1, and 4.94 μmol N2O m-2 d-1, respectively. Diffusive CH4 flux exhibited high temporal and spatial variability similar to that in most lakes. In contrast, diffusive CO2 and N2O flux showed distinct seasonal variability and similar spatial patterns, emphasizing the necessity for increasing the temporal resolution in GHG flux measurements for integrated assessments. Water temperature and/or oxygen concentrations were crucial in regulating seasonal variability in GHG emissions. However, no limnological parameter was found to govern the spatial GHG patterns. The frequent advection mixing caused by wind-driven currents might be the reason for the low spatial heterogeneity in GHGs, in which the inconspicuous mechanism requires further research. It was recommended that at least 11 locations were needed for representative whole lake flux estimates at each sampling campaign. In addition, the maximum peak of CH4 in the oxycline from Lake Fuxian indicated that low CH4 oxidation occurred in oxic waters. Overall, this study suggests that, compared to other tropical and temperate lakes, this alpine deep lake is a minor CO2 and CH4 source, but a moderate N2O source, which are horizontally uniform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Miao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241003, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Henan Meng
- Institute of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050011, PR China
| | - Wenlei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Biao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Hao Luo
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241003, PR China
| | - Qi Deng
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241003, PR China
| | - Youru Yao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241003, PR China
| | - Yinggui Shi
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241003, PR China; College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China
| | - Qinglong L Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; The Fuxianhu Station of Deep Lake Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengjiang, Yunnan Province, PR China.
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18
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Yang P, Lai DYF, Yang H, Lin Y, Tong C, Hong Y, Tian Y, Tang C, Tang KW. Large increase in CH 4 emission following conversion of coastal marsh to aquaculture ponds caused by changing gas transport pathways. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 222:118882. [PMID: 35882096 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Methane emissions from aquatic ecosystems play an important role in global carbon cycle and climate change. Reclamation of coastal wetlands for aquaculture use has been shown to have opposite effects on sediment CH4 production potential and CH4 emission flux, but the underlying mechanism remained unclear. In this study, we compared sediment properties, CH4 production potential, emission flux, and CH4 transport pathways between a brackish marsh and the nearby reclaimed aquaculture ponds in the Min River Estuary in southeastern China. Despite that the sediment CH4 production potential in the ponds was significantly lower than the marsh, CH4 emission flux in the ponds (17.4 ± 2.7 mg m-2 h-1) was 11.9 times higher than the marsh (1.3 ± 0.2 mg m-2 h-1). Plant-mediated transport accounted for 75% of the total CH4 emission in the marsh, whereas ebullition accounted for 95% of the total CH4 emission in the ponds. CH4 emission fluxes in both habitat types were highest in the summer. These results suggest that the increase in CH4 emission following the conversion of brackish marsh to aquaculture ponds was not caused by increased sediment CH4 production, but rather by eliminating rhizospheric oxidation and shifting the major transport pathway to ebullition, allowing sediment CH4 to bypass oxidative loss. This study improves our understanding of the impacts of modification of coastal wetlands on greenhouse gas dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China.
| | - Derrick Y F Lai
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Hong Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China; Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK
| | - Yongxin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China
| | - Chuan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China.
| | - Yan Hong
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China
| | - Yalan Tian
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China
| | - Chen Tang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China
| | - Kam W Tang
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
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19
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Yang P, Tang KW, Tong C, Lai DYF, Wu L, Yang H, Zhang L, Tang C, Hong Y, Zhao G. Changes in sediment methanogenic archaea community structure and methane production potential following conversion of coastal marsh to aquaculture ponds. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119276. [PMID: 35405221 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Widespread conversion of coastal wetlands into aquaculture ponds in coastal region often results in degradation of the wetland ecosystems, but its effects on sediment's potential to produce greenhouse gases remain unclear. Using field sampling, incubation experiments and molecular analysis, we studied the sediment CH4 production potential and the relevant microbial communities in a brackish marsh and the nearby aquaculture ponds in the Min River Estuary in southeastern China. Sediment CH4 production potential was higher in the summer and autumn months than in spring and winter months, and it was significantly correlated with sediment carbon content among all environmental variables. The mean sediment CH4 production potential in the aquaculture ponds (20.1 ng g-1 d-1) was significantly lower than that in the marsh (45.2 ng g-1 d-1). While Methanobacterium dominated in both habitats (41-59%), the overall composition of sediment methanogenic archaea communities differed significantly between the two habitats (p < 0.05) and methanogenic archaea alpha diversity was lower in the aquaculture ponds (p < 0.01). Network analysis revealed that interactions between sediment methanogenic archaea were much weaker in the ponds than in the marsh. Overall, these findings suggest that conversion of marsh land to aquaculture ponds significantly altered the sediment methanogenic archaea community structure and diversity and lowered the sediment's capacity to produce CH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China; Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China; Research Centre of Wetlands in Subtropical Region, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China.
| | - Kam W Tang
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Chuan Tong
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China; Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China; Research Centre of Wetlands in Subtropical Region, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China
| | - Derrick Y F Lai
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lianzuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China
| | - Hong Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China; Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Linhai Zhang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China; Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China; Research Centre of Wetlands in Subtropical Region, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China
| | - Chen Tang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China
| | - Yan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China
| | - Guanghui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China
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Yan X, Han H, Qiu J, Zhang L, Xia Y, Yan X. Suburban agriculture increased N levels but decreased indirect N 2O emissions in an agricultural-urban gradient river. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118639. [PMID: 35640505 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of land use on riverine N2O emissions are not well understood, especially in suburban zones between urban and rural with distinct anthropogenic perturbations. Here, we investigated in situ riverine N2O emissions among suburban, urban, and rural sections of a typical agricultural-urban gradient river, the Qinhuai River of Southeastern China from June 2010 to September 2012. Our results showed that suburban agriculture greatly increased riverine N concentration compared to traditional agricultural rivers (TAR). The mean total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) concentration was 8.18 mg N L-1 in the suburban agricultural rivers (SUAR), which was almost the same as that in the urban rivers (UR, of 8.50 mg N L-1), compared to that in TAR (0.92 mg N L-1). However, the annual average indirect N2O flux from the SUAR was only 27.15 μg N2O-N m-2 h-1, which was slightly higher than that from the TAR (13.14 μg N2O-N m-2 h-1) but much lower than that from the UR (131.10 μg N2O-N m-2 h-1). Moreover, the average N2O emission factor (EF5r, N2O-N/DIN-N) in the SUAR (0.0002) was significantly lower than those in the TAR (0.0028) and UR (0.0004). The limited indirect N2O fluxes from the SUAR are best explained by the high riverine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and low dissolved oxygen, which probably reduced the denitrification source N2O by favoring complete denitrification to produce N2 and inhibited the nitrification source N2O, respectively. An exponential decrease model incorporating dissolved inorganic nitrogen and DOC could greatly improve our EF5r predictions in the agricultural-urban gradient river. Given the unprecedented suburban agriculture in the world, more studies in suburban agricultural rivers are needed to further refine the EF5r and better reveal the mechanisms behind indirect N2O emissions as influenced by suburban agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haojie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yongqiu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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21
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Lin G, Lin X. Bait input altered microbial community structure and increased greenhouse gases production in coastal wetland sediment. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 218:118520. [PMID: 35525032 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coastal wetland reclamation contributed to development of aquaculture industry, and the residual bait accumulation in aquaculture processes could influence biogeochemical elements cycling, which threaten ecological functions and services in aquaculture and adjacent ecosystems. However, systematic studies for changes in sediment microbial community structure and greenhouse gasses (GHGs) production, as well as environmental parameters following bait input at time scale are still rare. A 90-day incubation experiment was conducted using sediment collected from coastal wetland in Qi'ao Island in southern China, followed by the observations of temporal variations of physicochemical properties, sediment microbial community, and GHGs production in response to different amounts of bait input (0, 20, and 40 mg bait g-1 wet sediment). The results showed that dissolved oxygen of overlying water was profoundly decreased owing to bait input, while dissolved organic carbon of overlying water and several sediment properties (e.g., organic matter, sulfide, and ammonium) varied in reverse patterns. Meanwhile, bait input led to significant loss of microbial community richness and diversity, and strongly altered microbial compositions from aerobic, slow-growing, and oligotrophic (Actinobacteriota, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteriota) to anaerobic, fast-growing, and copiotrophic (Firmicutes and Bacteroidota). Moreover, both GHGs production and global warming potential were significantly enhanced by bait input, implying that aquaculture ecosystem is an important hotspot for global GHGs emission. Overall, bait input triggered quick responses of physicochemical properties, sediment microbial community, and GHGs production, followed by long-term resilience of the ecosystem. This study could provide new insight into temporal interactive effects of bait input on physicochemical properties, microbial community, and GHGs production, which can enhance the understanding of the temporal dynamics and ecological impacts of coastal aquaculture activities and emphasize the necessity of sustainable assessment and management in aquaculture ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genmei Lin
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Xianbiao Lin
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China.
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22
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Effect of Aquaculture Reclamation on Sediment Nitrates Reduction Processes in Mangrove Wetland. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10070857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sediment denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), and nitrate dissimilation to ammonium (DNRA) play an important role in controlling the dynamics of nitrates (NOx−) and their fate in estuarine and coastal ecosystems. However, the effects of land-use change on NOx− reduction processes in mangrove sediments are still unclear. Here, we used a mud experiment method combined with a 15N stable isotope tracer method to study the mechanism and ecological environment of the change of land use pattern on the sediment NOx− reduction processes in mangrove wetlands. Our study showed that most physicochemical parameters, NOx− reduction rates, and their gene abundances varied considerably. The denitrification, anammox, and DNRA rates in mangrove sediment cores were in a range of 1.04–4.24 nmol g−1 h−1, 0.14–0.36 nmol g−1 h−1, and 0–2.72 nmol g−1 h−1, respectively. The denitrification, anammox, and DNRA rates in aquaculture sediment cores were in a range of 1.06–10.96 nmol g−1 h−1, 0.13–0.37 nmol g−1 h−1, and 0–1.96 nmol g−1 h−1, respectively. The highest values of denitrification, anammox, DNRA, the contribution of denitrification and DNRA to total NOx− reduction (DEN% and DNRA%), gene abundances (nirS, Amx 16S rRNA, and nrfA), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and TOC/TN in sediments were generally found in the top layer (0–5 cm) and then decreased with depth, while the contribution of anammox to total NOx− reduction (ANA%), Fe2+, and Fe2+/Fe3+ were generally increased with sediment depth in both mangrove and aquaculture ecosystems. When mangrove wetlands are transformed into pools, some properties (including TOC, TN, and Fe3+), DNRA rates, DRNA%, and nrfA gene abundances were decreased, while some properties (including NH4+, TOC/TN, Fe2+, and Fe2+/Fe3+), denitrification rates, DEN%, nirS, and ANAMMOX 16S gene abundances were increased. Sediment organic matter (TOC and TN) content and Fe2+ both affected NO3− reduction rates, with organic matter the most prominent factor. Thus, aquaculture reclamation enhances N loss while reducing N retention in sediments of mangrove wetlands, which plays an important role in regulating the source and fate of reactive N in mangrove ecosystems.
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Yang F, Zhong J, Wang S, Hu X, Wang H, Tang M, Zhang M, Sun C, Zhang L. Patterns and drivers of CH 4 concentration and diffusive flux from a temperate river-reservoir system in North China. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 116:184-197. [PMID: 35219417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater reservoirs are regarded as an important anthropogenic source of methane (CH4) emissions. The temporal and spatial variability of CH4 emissions from different reservoirs results in uncertainty in the estimation of the global CH4 budget. In this study, surface water CH4 concentrations were measured and diffusive CH4 fluxes were estimated via a thin boundary layer model in a temperate river-reservoir system in North China, using spatial (33 sites) and temporal (four seasons) monitoring; the system has experienced intensive aquaculture disturbance. Our results indicated that the dissolved CH4 concentration in the reservoir ranged from 0.07 to 0.58 µmol/L, with an annual average of 0.13 ± 0.10 µmol/L, and the diffusive CH4 flux across the water-air interface ranged from 0.66 to 3.61 μmol/(m2•hr), with an annual average of 1.67 ± 0.75 μmol/(m2•hr). During the study period, the dissolved CH4 concentration was supersaturated and was a net source of atmospheric CH4. Notably, CH4 concentration and diffusive flux portrayed large temporal and spatial heterogeneity. The river inflow zone was determined to be a hotspot for CH4 emissions, and its flux was significantly higher than that of the tributary and main basin; the CH4 flux in autumn was greater than that in other seasons. We also deduced that the CH4 concentration/diffusive flux was co-regulated mainly by water temperature, water depth, and water productivity (Chla, trophic status). Our results highlight the importance of considering the spatiotemporal variability of diffusive CH4 flux from temperate reservoirs to estimate the CH4 budget at regional and global scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jicheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Shaoming Wang
- Bureau of Luanhe Diversion Project, Haihe Water Conservancy Commission, Ministry of Water Resources, Qianxi 064309, China
| | - Xiaokang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengyao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuanzhe Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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Zhao M, Cao Y, Chen T, Li H, Tong Y, Fan W, Xie Y, Tao Y, Zhou J. Characteristics and source-pathway of microplastics in freshwater system of China: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134192. [PMID: 35257703 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
China plays a key role in global plastic production, consumption and disposal, which arouses growing concern about microplastics (MPs) contamination in Chinese freshwater systems. However, few reviews have discussed the characteristics of MP pollution in whole freshwater systems at a national scale. In this review, we summarized the characteristics, sources and transport pathways of MPs in Chinese freshwater systems including surface water and sediment. Results showed that current research mainly focused on the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and its tributaries, as well as lakes and reservoirs along the Yangtze River. Large-scale reservoirs, rivers and lakes located in densely populated areas usually showed higher abundances of MPs. The majority of MPs in Chinese surface water and sediment mainly consisted of polyethylene and polypropylene, and the most common morphologies were fibers and fragments. To identify the sources and pathways, we introduced the source-sink-pathway model, and found that sewage system, farmland and aquaculture area were the three most prevalent sinks in freshwater systems in China. The source-sink-pathway model will help to further identify the migration of MPs from sources to freshwater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Zhao
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China; School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Yanxiao Cao
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China; School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China.
| | - Tiantian Chen
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China; School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Honghu Li
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China; School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Yifei Tong
- Wuhan Ecologic Environmental Carbon Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Wenbo Fan
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China; School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Yuwei Xie
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China; School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Ye Tao
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China; School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Jingcheng Zhou
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China; School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China.
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25
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Zhang Y, Qin Z, Li T, Zhu X. Carbon dioxide uptake overrides methane emission at the air-water interface of algae-shellfish mariculture ponds: Evidence from eddy covariance observations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152867. [PMID: 34995581 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mariculture ponds are widely distributed along the coastal regions and have been increasingly recognized as biogeochemical hotspots of air-water greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes, but their source/sink dynamics and climate benefits have not been well understood. Due to strong temporal variations of GHG fluxes over mariculture ponds, previous studies based on short-term or discrete flux measurements have large uncertainty in assessing GHG budgets and their radiative effects. In this study, we examined the temporal variations of air-water GHG fluxes, net CO2 exchange (NEE) and net CH4 exchange (NME), and their environmental controls, based on one-year (2020) continuous eddy covariance (EC) measurements over algae-shellfish mariculture ponds (razor clam) in a subtropical estuary of Southeast China. The results showed that (a) annually the ponds acted as a strong CO2 sink of -227.7 g CO2-C m-2 and a weak CH4 source of 1.44 g CH4-C m-2, and thus the NME-induced warming effect offset 25.9% (12.1%) of the NEE-induced cooling effect at a 20-year (100-year) time horizon using the metric of sustained-flux global warming potential; (b) two GHG fluxes showed different diurnal and seasonal variations but both had stronger source/sink capacity in summer and more fluctuating fluxes in winter; (c) temporal variations of NEE and NME tended to be more regulated by photosynthetically active radiation and tidal salinity, respectively, but both of them were affected by water temperature and area proportion of algae ponds within the EC footprint. This is the first study to disentangle temporal variations of air-water GHG fluxes over mariculture ponds based on simultaneous EC measurements of CO2 and CH4 fluxes. This study highlights the climate benefits of algae-shellfish mariculture ponds as biogeochemical hotspots by exerting a net radiative cooling effect dominated by the CO2 sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environment Science, Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Ministry of Education), Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhangcai Qin
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China; LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environment Science, Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Ministry of Education), Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China.
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Fang X, Zhao J, Wu S, Yu K, Huang J, Ding Y, Hu T, Xiao S, Liu S, Zou J. A two-year measurement of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from freshwater aquaculture ponds: Affected by aquaculture species, stocking and water management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:151863. [PMID: 34843757 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture ponds are of increasing worldwide concerns as critical sources of atmospheric methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), but little is known about these gases emissions as affected by aquaculture species, stocking and water management in aquaculture ponds. Here, a two-year study was carried out to quantify CH4 and N2O emissions from freshwater crab and fish aquaculture ponds in subtropical China. We further explored how the microbial functional genes [CH4: mcrA and pmoA; N2O: archaeal and bacterial amoA (AOA + AOB), nirS, nirK, nosZ] may drive CH4 and N2O release in the crab aquaculture pond typically undergoing flooding-to-drainage alteration. Over the two-year period, annual CH4 and N2O fluxes averaged 0.95 mg m-2 h-1 and 20.94 μg m-2 h-1 in the fish aquaculture, and 0.78 mg m-2 h-1and 28.48 μg m-2 h-1 in the crab aquaculture, respectively. The direct N2O emission factors were estimated to be 0.77% and 0.36% of the total N input by feed or 1.59 g N2O-N kg-1 and 1.06 g N2O-N kg-1 aquaculture yield in the crab and fish ponds, respectively. Among three functional stocking areas, CH4 and N2O emissions were consistently the highest at the feeding area (FA) in the both aquaculture ponds, followed by at the undisturbed area (UA) and aerated area (AA). The shift in sediment soil moisture from waterlogging to drainage conditions significantly increased the abundance of AOB relative to AOA and pmoA, decreased those of denitrifying functional genes (nirS, nirK, nosZ) and mcrA, while did not alter the functional group ratio of nirS + nirK relative to nosZ. Our results highlight that a better understanding of CH4 and N2O emissions from aquaculture ponds requires taking into consideration of data sourced from more diverse aquaculture systems with different management patterns. In addition, a deep analysis of the microbial processes that drive CH4 and N2O production and consumption from aquaculture ponds remains to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiantao Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianting Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuqi Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuwei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jianwen Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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27
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Greenhouse Gases Trade-Off from Ponds: An Overview of Emission Process and Their Driving Factors. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14060970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inland water bodies (particularly ponds) emit a significant amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs), particularly methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and a comparatively low amount of nitrous oxide (N2O) to the atmosphere. In recent decades, ponds (<10,000 m2) probably account for about 1/3rd of the global lake perimeter and are considered a hotspot of GHG emissions. High nutrients and waterlogged conditions provide an ideal environment for CH4 production and emission. The rate of emissions differs according to climatic regions and is influenced by several biotic and abiotic factors, such as temperature, nutrients (C, N, & P), pH, dissolved oxygen, sediments, water depth, etc. Moreover, micro and macro planktons play a significant role in CO2 and CH4 emissions from ponds systems. Generally, in freshwater bodies, the produced N2O diffuses in the water and is converted into N2 gas through different biological processes. There are several other factors and mechanisms which significantly affect the CH4 and CO2 emission rate from ponds and need a comprehensive evaluation. This study aims to develop a decisive understanding of GHG emissions mechanisms, processes, and methods of measurement from ponds. Key factors affecting the emissions rate will also be discussed. This review will be highly useful for the environmentalists, policymakers, and water resources planners and managers to take suitable mitigation measures in advance so that the climatic impact could be reduced in the future.
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Xia T, Zhang W, Li H, Wang H, He P, Wang X. Rivers draining contrasting landscapes exhibit distinct potentials to emit diffusive methane (CH 4). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150898. [PMID: 34653457 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) is the second most important greenhouse gas, contributing approximately 17% of radiative forcing, and CH4 emissions from river networks due to intensified human activities have become a worldwide issue. However, there is a dearth of information on the CH4 emission potentials of different rivers, especially those draining contrasting watershed landscapes. Here, we examined the spatial variability of diffusive CH4 emissions and discerned the roles of environmental factors in influencing CH4 production in different river reaches (agricultural, urban, forested and mixed-landscape rivers) from the Chaohu Lake Basin in eastern China. According to our results, the urban rivers most frequently exhibited extremely high CH4 concentrations, with a mean concentration of 5.46 μmol L-1, equivalent to 4.1, 9.7, and 7.2 times those measured in the agricultural, forested, and mixed-landscape rivers, respectively. The availability of carbon sources and total phosphorus were commonly identified as the most important factors for CH4 production in agricultural and urban rivers. Dissolved oxygen and oxidation-reduction potential were separately discerned as important factors for the forested and mixed-landscape rivers, respectively. Monte Carlo flux estimations demonstrated that rivers draining contrasting landscapes exhibit distinct potentials to emit CH4. The urban rivers had the highest CH4 emissions, with a flux of 9.44 mmol m-2 d-1, which was 5.1-10.4 times higher than those of the other river reaches. Overall, our study highlighted that management actions should be specifically targeted at the river reaches with the highest emission potentials and should carefully consider the influences of different riverine environmental conditions as projected by their watershed landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Wangshou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Hengpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Huiliang Wang
- College of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Peng He
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xingfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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Wang L, Du Z, Wei Z, Xu Q, Feng Y, Lin P, Lin J, Chen S, Qiao Y, Shi J, Xiao C. High methane emissions from thermokarst lakes on the Tibetan Plateau are largely attributed to ebullition fluxes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149692. [PMID: 34428650 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ebullition has been shown to be an important pathway for methane (CH4) emissions from inland waters. However, the CH4 fluxes and their magnitudes in thermokarst lakes remain unclear due to limited research data, especially on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The magnitude and regulation of two CH4 pathways, ebullition and diffusion, were investigated in 32 thermokarst lakes on the TP during the summer of 2020. CH4 emissions from thermokarst lakes on the TP showed significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity. Diffusion fluxes in lakes averaged 2.6 mmol m-2 d-1 (ranging from 0.003 to 48.4 mmol m-2 d-1), and ebullition fluxes in lakes averaged 6.6 mmol CH4 m-2 d-1 (ranging from 0.002 to 140.0 mmol m-2 d-1). Together, these ebullition fluxes contributed 66.1 ± 24.9% (ranging 5.4 to 100.0%) to the total (diffusion + ebullition) CH4 emissions, indicating the importance of ebullition as a major CH4 transport mechanism on the TP. In general, thermokarst lakes with higher CH4 diffusion fluxes and ebullition fluxes occurred in alpine meadows (2.5 ± 5.3 mmol m-2 d-1; 8.2 ± 20.6 mmol m-2 d-1), followed by alpine steppes (0.6 ± 5.3 mmol m-2 d-1; 0.7 ± 10.8 mmol m-2 d-1) and desert steppes (0.2 ± 0.2 mmol m-2 d-1; 0.6 ± 0.8 mmol m-2 d-1). The organic matter contents in water and sediment were found to be important factors influencing the seasonal variations in CH4 diffusion fluxes. However, the ebullition CH4 fluxes did not show a clear seasonal variation pattern. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the large spatiotemporal variations in ebullition CH4 fluxes to improve the accuracy of large-scale estimations of CH4 fluxes in thermokarst lakes on the TP. Greater insight into these aspects will increase the understanding of CH4 dynamics in thermokarst lakes on the TP, which is essential for forecasting and climate impact assessments and to better constrain feedback to climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhiheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wei
- Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, at Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Qian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yaru Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Penglin Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiahui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shengyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongping Qiao
- Cryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resource, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jianzong Shi
- Cryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resource, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Cunde Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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30
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Xiong X, Liu Q, Chen X, Wang R, Duan M, Wu C. Occurrence of microplastic in the water of different types of aquaculture ponds in an important lakeside freshwater aquaculture area of China. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 282:131126. [PMID: 34118620 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture ponds are exposed to numerous potential microplastic sources, but studies on their microplastic pollution are still limited. Various culture species may influence the occurrence of microplastic in ponds. In the present study, the occurrence of microplastics was studied in aquaculture ponds for fish, crayfish, and crab, as well as in the natural lake near the aquaculture area around the Honghu Lake, which is the principal freshwater aquaculture area of China. The microplastic abundances ranged from 87 items/m3 to 750 items/m3 in the aquaculture ponds, and 117 items/m3 to 533 items/m3 in the lake. The crab ponds contained higher abundances of microplastics than fish ponds and the nearby natural lakes. Microplastics that were between 100 and 500 μm and larger than 1000 μm in size were predominant in the ponds and nearby lakes, whereas the proportion of microplastics that were smaller than 100 μm was higher in crab ponds than those in other ponds. Fragments and fibers were the predominant shapes of microplastics in the ponds. The proportion of smaller microplastics in the ponds had a positive correlation with the proportion of fragment microplastics. The results of this study implied that differences in the use of plastics in various types of aquaculture ponds might affect their microplastic pollution characteristics. Microplastics discharged from ponds to nearby lakes through drainage processes require attention in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xianchuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Zhejiang Zhonglan Environment Technology Co., LTD, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Renyong Wang
- School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ming Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Chenxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Yang P, Huang J, Tan L, Tong C, Jin B, Hu B, Gao C, Yuan J, Lai DYF, Yang H. Large variations in indirect N 2O emission factors (EF 5) from coastal aquaculture systems in China from plot to regional scales. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 200:117208. [PMID: 34048983 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture ponds are important anthropogenic sources of nitrous oxide (N2O). Direct N2O emissions arising from feed application to ponds have been widely investigated, but indirect emissions from N2O production from residual feeds in pond water are much less understood and characterized to refine the IPCC emission factor. In this study, we determined the concentrations and spatiotemporal variations of dissolved N2O and NO3--N in situ in three aquaculture ponds at the Min River Estuary in southeastern China during the culture period over two years, and calculated the indirect N2O emission factor (EF5) for aquaculture ponds using the N2O-N/NO3--N mass ratio methodology. Our results indicated that the EF5 values in the ponds over the culture period ranged between 0.0007 and 0.0543, with a clear seasonal pattern which closely followed that of the DOC:NO3-N ratio. We also observed significant spatial variations in EF5 among the three ponds, which could be attributed to the difference in feed conversion rate. In addition, we assessed the EF5 values from aquaculture ponds in five regions of the Chinese coastline across the latitudinal gradient from the tropical to the temperate zones. The average EF5 value from aquaculture ponds across the five coastal regions was 0.0093±0.0024, which was approximately 3.7 times of the IPCC default value for rivers and estuaries (0.0025). Moreover, the EF5 values demonstrated considerable spatial variations across these coastal regions with a coefficient of variation of 59%, which were largely related to the difference in water salinity. Our findings filled a key knowledge gap about the indirect N2O emission factor from aquaculture ponds, and provided field evidence for the refinement of EF5 value currently adopted by IPCC in the national greenhouse gas inventory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P.R. China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P.R. China
| | - Jiafang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P.R. China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P.R. China
| | - Lishan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P.R. China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P.R. China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P.R. China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P.R. China.
| | - Baoshi Jin
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P.R. China; College of Resources and Environment Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246011, P.R. China
| | - Beibei Hu
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P.R. China
| | - Changjun Gao
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangzhou 510520, P.R. China
| | - Junji Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Derrick Y F Lai
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China.
| | - Hong Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P.R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China; Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK.
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32
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Yuan J, Liu D, Xiang J, He T, Kang H, Ding W. Methane and nitrous oxide have separated production zones and distinct emission pathways in freshwater aquaculture ponds. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116739. [PMID: 33333434 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture systems receive intensive carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) loadings, and are therefore recognized as major anthropogenic sources of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. However, the extensively managed aquaculture ponds were identified as a hotspot of CH4 emission but just a weak N2O source. Here, we investigate annual CH4 and N2O fluxes from three earthen ponds used for crab culture, of different sizes, in southeast China. Our purposes are to identify the spatiotemporal variations of CH4 and N2O emissions and their components among ponds and to evaluate the zone for CH4 and N2O production. Static chamber-measured CH4 flux ranged from 0.03 to 64.7 mg CH4 m‒2 h‒1 (average: 9.02‒14.3 mg CH4 m‒2 h‒1), and temperature, followed by dissolved organic C (DOC) concentration, and redox potential, were the primary drivers of seasonal CH4 flux patterns. Annual mean diffusive CH4 flux was 1.80‒2.34 mg CH4 m‒2 h‒1, and that by ebullition was up to 7.20‒12.0 mg CH4 m‒2 h‒1 (79.1‒83.5% of the total CH4 flux). Annual CH4 emission was positively correlated with sediment DOC concentration but negatively (P < 0.05) correlated with water depth across ponds, with the highest CH4 emission occurred in a pond with low water depth and high DOC concentration. The calculated diffusive N2O flux by the gas transfer velocity was 0.32‒0.60 times greater than the measured N2O emission, suggesting that N2O in water column can not only evade as water-air fluxes but diffuse downwards and to be consumed in anaerobic sediments. This also indicates that N2O was primarily produced in water column. The highly reduced condition and depletion of NO3‒-N in sediments, can limit N2O production from both nitrification and denitrification but favor N2O consumption, leading the ponds to become a weak source of N2O annually and even a sink of N2O in summer. Our results highlight that the current global CH4 budget for inland waters is probably underestimated due to a lack of data and underestimation of the contribution of ebullitive CH4 flux in small lentic waters. The downwards N2O diffusion from the water column into sediment also indicates that the extensively-used model approach based on gas transfer velocity potentially overestimates N2O fluxes, especially in small eutrophic aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Deyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jian Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tiehu He
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hojeong Kang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Weixin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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