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Druetz T, Bicaba F, Zainabou C, Bicaba A. Health Planning in Times of COVID-19 in Burkina Faso: The Role of Its National Strategic Pandemic Management Committee. COMMUNITY HEALTH EQUITY RESEARCH & POLICY 2024:2752535X241256414. [PMID: 38812430 DOI: 10.1177/2752535x241256414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Presenting the COVID-19 crisis as a pandemic misleadingly implies a certain homogeneity between the regions of the Globe in terms of their burden and reactions. However, from the outset of the crisis, countries presented different epidemiological realities and sometimes adopted divergent, even opposing measures. Curiously, the heterogeneity of responses persisted as scientific evidence accumulated about COVID-19 and the strategies for dealing with it. CASE STUDY This commentary aims to recount the specific experience of Burkina Faso, and how it reoriented its initial biomedical response into a multisectoral strategy. Burkina Faso set up a committee specifically to examine the effects not only of the pandemic, but also of the control measures. This committee was mandated to decompartmentalize the lens through which the COVID-19 was dealt with. It entered into dialogue with a level of stakeholders often overlooked during national health crisis: communities. As a member of this "National Committee for Crisis Management of the Pandemic", one of the co-authors contributed to its orientations and has witnessed first-hand some of the challenges it faced. RECOMMENDATIONS This experience suggests that the project of extricating the field of public health from medicine is advancing in Burkina Faso. In order to manage future crises more effectively and across different sectors, there is an urgent need to establish state structures and to strengthen public health systems. States need coordination units that have the legitimacy, authority and resources required to mobilize a variety of actors at the community, national and international levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Druetz
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Frank Bicaba
- Société d'Études et de Recherches en Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- University Aix-Marseille, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Services de Santé et la Qualité de Vie, Marseille, France
| | - Cissé Zainabou
- Société d'Études et de Recherches en Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Abel Bicaba
- Société d'Études et de Recherches en Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Oscar Ingasia Ayuya. Ethnicity, social connectedness, and the rural-urban food continuum: Food security among urban informal settlement dwellers in Kenya. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30481. [PMID: 38756577 PMCID: PMC11096920 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid urbanization in developing countries is increasingly becoming an important development issue due to its negative effects on poverty and food insecurity in cities. This study investigated the determinants of the food insecurity gap among urban households living in informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya, and the role of social connectedness and the rural-urban food continuum. Using panel data collected from 385 households using a two-stage cluster sample design, the study applied panel data regression and decomposition models to understand the factors affecting food insecurity access scores and weekly household food consumption expenditure. Descriptive results showed a score of 8.00 for the pooled sample on the household food access scale, with households from other regions having a lower score (7.94) than those from the Western region (8.32). 43 % of households from Western Kenya engaged in farming in rural areas (43 %) and had higher social connectedness (45 %) than households from other regions. The results indicate that dependency ratio, income, savings, social connectedness, rural visits, and dietary knowledge are significant factors impacting food security. Decomposition of levels and change in food insecurity revealed that endowments from the random effects model contributed to reducing the food insecurity gap between households originating from the Western region and those from other regions. The study highlights the importance of considering regional factors and promoting social connectedness and rural-urban linkages in addressing food insecurity in informal urban settlements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Ingasia Ayuya
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Management, Egerton University, P.O Box 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya
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Koiry S, Kairi B, Pooja P. Impact of income diversification on multidimensional poverty: Household level evidence from tea estates in Bangladesh. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26509. [PMID: 38434375 PMCID: PMC10907657 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Policy advocates commonly use income diversification strategies worldwide to address economic disturbances such as poverty. Realizing the importance of poverty reduction and the raging debate on whether the household should specialize or diversify their income, this study attempts to investigate the poverty and income diversification nexus in a tea estate of Bangladesh. A multistage sampling procedure was applied to select 1 tea estate and 382 households. Primary data was collected through interview schedule. The Simpson diversification index and Alkire-Foster multidimensional poverty index were used to measure income diversification and multidimensional poverty respectively. Additionally, this paper used the propensity score matching method to assess the causal impact of income diversification on multidimensional poverty. The findings revealed that the research area has a 35% household level income diversity, a 43% household level multidimensional poverty rate, and income diversification has a positive impact on multidimensional poverty reduction. The multidimensional poverty was reduced by 0.095% on average for income diversified households. Therefore, from a policy perspective, income diversification can be a good solution for reducing household-level multidimensional poverty. Government and other stakeholders should redesign working guidelines for tea workers regarding working hour, days and wage in such a way that they can engage in several income-generating activities apart from tea production-related activities in the tea estates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Koiry
- Department of Agricultural Finance and Banking, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Bithi Kairi
- Department of Management, Moulvibazar Government Women College, Moulvibazar, 3200, Bangladesh
| | - Prithila Pooja
- Department of Agricultural Finance and Banking, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
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Wang B, Shi H, Wang Z, Xu S, Deng N, Qiu Y(L, Zhang B. Pandemics erode poverty alleviation process: Impact on productive livelihood and poverty return. iScience 2023; 26:107177. [PMID: 37366395 PMCID: PMC10278892 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pandemics such as COVID-19 threaten income growth by disrupting productive activities for households, especially those who have just escaped from poverty. We provide empirical evidence on how pandemic disproportionately threatens the rural productive livelihood based on 48 months of household production electricity consumption data. The results show that after COVID-19, the productive livelihood activities of 51.11% households who have just overcome poverty have returned to the level before poverty alleviation. Their productive livelihood activities dropped by 21.81% on average during the national COVID-19 epidemic and by 40.57% during the regional epidemic. The households with lower income, lower level of education and less labor force even suffer more. We estimate 3.74% decline in income owing to the decrease in productive activities, resulting in 5.41% of households potentially falling back into poverty. This study provides an important reference for countries being at risk of returning to poverty after pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Research Center for Sustainable Development & Intelligent Decision, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Han Shi
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Research Center for Sustainable Development & Intelligent Decision, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohua Wang
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Research Center for Sustainable Development & Intelligent Decision, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuling Xu
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Research Center for Sustainable Development & Intelligent Decision, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Nana Deng
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Research Center for Sustainable Development & Intelligent Decision, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yueming (Lucy) Qiu
- School of Public Policy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Research Center for Sustainable Development & Intelligent Decision, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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Manyong V, Bokanga M, Akonkwa Nyamuhirwa DM, Bamba Z, Adeoti R, Mwepu G, Cole SM, Dontsop Nguezet PM. COVID-19 outbreak and rural household food security in the Western Democratic Republic of the Congo. WORLD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES 2022; 28:100469. [PMID: 36405513 PMCID: PMC9650560 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2022.100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Although global assessments of the initial impacts of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have focused on income, jobs, and health conditions, this study constitutes one of the first studies that assessed the impact of COVID-19 on food security in DRC and established the short-term implications of the COVID-19 outbreak on rural households' food security in DRC. In addition, the study recommendations contributed to shaping government interventions toward the pandemic in the Country. The study used data from four western provinces of the country on 1339 households. Our results show that 80 % of households experienced an increase in food prices, 61 % a noticeable decrease in the availability of food, and 54 % a decrease in their dietary diversity. Due to changes in food availability, dietary diversity, and food accessibility imposed by the COVID-19 outbreak, >70 % of households experienced either a decrease in the consumption of meat, milk, fish, and cereals or an increase in their consumption of traditional vegetables. In addition, COVID-19 significantly affected food security dimensions in larger households, households with a greater number of members aged 35 years and above, households headed by women, households where members participate in associations or cooperatives, households that depend on crop sales as the major source of income, and in poorer households. These findings highlight the significant implications of the COVID-19 outbreak on household food security in western DRC and underscore the need for emergency interventions to strengthen the resilience of rural people and accelerate their recovery and other long-term measures toward sustainable and inclusive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Manyong
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Mpoko Bokanga
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (iita.org), IITA DRC, Congo
| | | | - Zoumana Bamba
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kinshasa, DR, Congo
| | - Razack Adeoti
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Cotonou, Benin
| | | | - Steven M Cole
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
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Zhou J, Zhang Y, Sha Y, Zhou J, Ren H, Shen X, Xu H. The Effect of the "Triple-Layer Medical Security" Policy on the Vulnerability as Expected Poverty of Rural Households: Evidence from Yunnan Province, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12936. [PMID: 36232236 PMCID: PMC9564903 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
China launched the "critical battle against poverty" nationwide in 2012. As its main battlefield, Yunnan province promulgated the "triple medical security" (TMS) policy in 2017. This study, based on the pooled cross-section database of 2015-2020 of registered poor households in Yunnan province, employed the logit model to examine the effect of TMS on the vulnerability as expected poverty (VEP) of these households. It found that increasing the reimbursement rates for overall medical expenses and inpatient expenses and decreasing the proportion of out-of-pocket medical payment to income reduced the VEP; increases in the number of sick people in the family increased its VEP, and although the increase in the reimbursement rate for overall medical expenses or for inpatient expenses partially offset the VEP caused by the increase in the number of chronically ill people in the family, the VEP caused by the increase in the number of critically ill people would increase in the short term with the increase in the reimbursement rate for overall medical expenses or for inpatient expenses. The findings help improve policies concerning the medical security and health of the rural poor population, providing theoretical reference and practical guidance for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhou
- School of Sociology and Population Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhang
- Institute of Population Studies, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Yong Sha
- School of Sociology and Population Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianfang Zhou
- Institute of Population Studies, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Hang Ren
- Institute of Population Studies, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Xin Shen
- School of Sociology and Population Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Sociology and Population Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
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Creating a Healthy Environment for Children: GIS Tools for Improving the Quality of the Social Welfare Management System. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127128. [PMID: 35742379 PMCID: PMC9222755 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Childhood is considered to be the most vital period for mental, physical, and social development. Even short-term deprivation of nutrition, health care, education, and affection in childhood can have long-term and irreversible negative consequences. Various social assistance programs are being launched around the world to eliminate or alleviate social problems, including those experienced by children in their immediate environment. Different solutions have been proposed around the world, but welfare systems in all countries share the following common features: social assistance is necessary and underfinanced, and social workers struggle to cope with caseloads. As a result, welfare work is stressful and not highly effective. In this study, modern Geographic Information System (GIS) tools for supporting the employees of social assistance centers (SACs) have been proposed. The data relating to welfare beneficiaries were analyzed by nonparametric kernel density estimation and divided into five datasets. The kernel density tool in ArcGIS Pro software (Esri Polska sp. z o.o., Warsaw, Poland) was used to visualize areas with a relatively high prevalence of social problems, as well as areas where the neighborhood can deliver synergistic effects. A multicriteria analysis (MCA) procedure for mapping social problems was proposed, and an algorithm was developed in the GIS environment. The generated maps deliver helpful information for supporting SAC employees, as well as monitoring, planning, and initiating preventive measures. Above all, the presented method was designed to improve living conditions by facilitating the management of welfare workers' duties. Therefore, the proposed approach had to be effective and easy to use without an advanced knowledge of GIS tools.
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Ghanbari Movahed R, Maleki Fard F, Gholamrezai S, Pakravan-Charvadeh MR. The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Food Security and Food Diversity of Iranian Rural Households. Front Public Health 2022; 10:862043. [PMID: 35433601 PMCID: PMC9008508 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.862043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With the onset of the coronavirus crisis, disruption of the domestic food supply chain, loss of revenue, and payments that affect food production have led to severe tensions and food security risks in many developing countries. The rural communities are more at risk of food insecurity due to less access to healthcare and social inequality. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food security and food diversity of rural households. The sample included 375 household heads living in the rural areas of Khorramabad county, which was determined using a three-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected using standard Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) questionnaires. The results showed that the food security situation of rural households has deteriorated, and consumption of some food groups changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the multinomial regression model showed that gender, level of education, monthly income, number of employed members, nutrition knowledge, employment status, livestock ownership, and access to credit were significantly associated with the food security of households during the COVID-19 pandemic. The household head's gender, level of education, monthly income, nutrition knowledge, employment status, livestock ownership, and access to credit were significantly associated with dietary diversity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the findings, providing emergency food assistance and cash payments to food-insecure households can reduce the risk of food insecurity in rural households. It is suggested that government policies focus on identifying vulnerable households in rural areas, especially female-headed households, low-income households, and households without a wage income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Ghanbari Movahed
- Department of Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
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