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Rhee SL, Silver T. Mental Health, Race, and Social Support among Women Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024:8862605241270072. [PMID: 39169744 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241270072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Women with mental health (MH) symptoms are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of intimate partner violence (IPV). Social support (SS) helps those women cope with adversities and regain their overall well-being. Examining specific sources and functions of SS will help expand knowledge about resources for and barriers to MH services for women IPV survivors. However, few studies examined functional and relational SS among women IPV survivors residing in shelters. This cross-sectional study examined how 31 racially diverse women IPV survivors with different MH symptoms perceive relational SS from various sources as they stay in a shelter that provides functional SS. Cluster analyses were performed to classify participants into two groups: more MH or fewer MH symptoms. Results showed that the women with more MH symptoms reported higher tangible support than those with fewer MH symptoms. Results from ANCOVA showed a significant cross-over interaction between MH and race for overall SS, indicating that women of color with more MH symptoms were less likely to perceive overall SS than Caucasians when controlling for functional SS. MANCOVA analyzed the specific sources of overall SS, such as family, friends, and others. There was a significant cross-over interaction of MH and race on SS from others when controlling for functional SS. These findings suggest that women IPV survivors of color who experience more MH symptoms perceive support from others as less supportive and trustworthy. Social service providers must provide culturally sensitive and strengths-based SS programs to help women of color who have experienced social isolation, stigma, and shame associated with IPV and mental illnesses (MIs). They also must engage in community outreach programs by educating community members about the needs and rights of women IPV survivors with MIs and collaborating to build communities that promote safety, trust, diversity, equity, and inclusion.
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Luo Z, Guan Y, Li Y, Xu W, Li L, Liu S, Zhou H, Yin X, Wu Y, Chen J. The relationship of intimate partner violence on depression: the mediating role of perceived social support and the moderating role of the Big Five personality. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1402378. [PMID: 39022404 PMCID: PMC11252075 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1402378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to explore the influence of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) on depression, the mediating role of social support, and the moderating role of the Big Five personality traits in the relationship between social support and depression. Methods Participants were recruited from Mainland China, using a stratified random sampling and quota sampling method. From June to August 2022, a diverse group of 21,916 participants (ranging from 12 to 100 years old) completed the Intimate Partner Violence Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, Perceived Social Support Scale, and Big Five Inventory-Short Version. Results IPV was significantly positively correlated with depression and significantly negatively correlated with perceived social support. Perceived social support plays a mediating role in the link between IPV and depression. Discussion Healthcare workers should assess social support and provide adequate care or recommendations for increasing social support when patients with IPV report depressive symptoms. Patients can be coached by professionals to improve their resiliency by developing or nurturing more optimistic personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenni Luo
- School of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Guan
- School of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Li
- School of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihong Xu
- School of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haozheng Zhou
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuanhao Yin
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangyun Chen
- Center for WHO Studies and Department of Health Management, School of Health Management of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Veronese G, Mahmid FA, Bdier D. Gender-Based Violence, Subjective Quality of Life, and Mental Health Outcomes Among Palestinian Women: The Mediating Role of Social Support and Agency. Violence Against Women 2023; 29:925-948. [PMID: 36042012 DOI: 10.1177/10778012221099988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We tested the association between gender-based violence (GBV), subjective quality of life, and mental distress manifested by anxiety, depression, and stress among Palestinian women exposed to political and military violence. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21, Berlin Social Support Scales, WHO-5 subjective Quality of Life Scale, Women's Agency Scale 61, and Violence Against Women Questionnaire were administered to 332 purposely selected participants. Structural equation modeling was applied to address the study hypothesis. A conceptual model depicting GBV as a predictor, mental distress as an outcome variable, and agency and social support as mediators was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Veronese
- 189822University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Fayez Azez Mahmid
- 189822University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,61284An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Dana Bdier
- 189822University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,61284An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Chhetri S, Gonzalez-Pons K, Andrews A, Carlson E, Grace J, Thompson EL, Spence EE. The Body in Crisis: A Health Needs Assessment among Female Survivors of Interpersonal Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:NP1970-NP1989. [PMID: 35533375 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221098393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When women who experience violence seek social services, they are looking to meet immediate needs: shelter, safety, and support. Seeking assistance as part of a crisis may inadvertently detract attention away from other critical needs. Literature illustrates the emotional and physical effects of violence on women's bodies, as well as their long-term health. While health may present as an urgent need in cases of serious injury, it is often overlooked in crisis-oriented service delivery systems. This study explored the experience with violence, health status, and holistic healthcare needs among women accessing interpersonal violence services in Texas. METHODS A tablet-based survey was conducted at a family justice center, rape crisis center, and emergency shelter among women (N = 99) in Fort Worth, Texas. Survey questions assessed the participants' demographic information, health status, health needs, healthcare utilization, barriers to accessing healthcare, and experience with interpersonal violence among participating women. RESULTS Two-thirds of the sample reported suffering injuries from victimization experiences. More than half of the sample (62%) reported they went to the emergency room at least one time in the last 6 months, with 11 women reported staying five or more nights in the hospital in the last 6 months. Participants described urgent (e.g., advised by healthcare provider, too serious for a clinic) and non-urgent (e.g., not having another source of care, closest provider) reasons for using the emergency room. Roughly, half of the sample (50%) reported having at least three chronic conditions. DISCUSSION This study illustrated that women seeking interpersonal violence related (IPV) services have multiple unmet needs and lack adequate access to physical and mental health care. Since the majority of the sample was living in poverty, there are multiple costs and investments in the participants' health that were forgone for their survival. This study provides data in support of the development of health-related services for IPV survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlesma Chhetri
- 12376University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | | | - Alita Andrews
- 12329University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Erin Carlson
- 12329University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Grace
- 12376University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Erika L Thompson
- 12376University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Emily E Spence
- 12376University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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Parnell RN, Lacey KK, Wood M. Coping and Protective Factors of Mental Health: An Examination of African American and US Caribbean Black Women Exposed to IPV from a Nationally Representative Sample. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15343. [PMID: 36430062 PMCID: PMC9690353 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Existing research continues to highlight the harm that intimate partner violence (IPV) can pose to health and well-being. However, little is done to understand the effectiveness of coping and protective mechanisms in helping women manage under adverse circumstances. The current study addresses the mental health of US Black women and the role of coping and protective moderators. An analysis of data from the National Survey of American Life (2001-2003), the most comprehensive survey on the health of US Blacks, was conducted. The association between severe physical intimate partner violence and mental health outcomes were confirmed. Resilience moderated the relationship between severe intimate partner violence and mood disorder among US Black women, but this differed between African American and Caribbean Blacks. Resilience, emotional family support, and spirituality reduced the likelihood of having a mental health condition for some African American and Caribbean Black women, while the opposite was found for religiosity. Demographic factors were also associated with mental health conditions and behaviors. The study draws our attention to potential coping and protective mechanisms that could be incorporated into counseling and intervention practices while recognizing factors that may be harmful to the mental health of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina N. Parnell
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Krim K. Lacey
- Department of Sociology and African and African American Studies, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA
| | - Maxine Wood
- Department of Humanities, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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Thananowan N, Vongsirimas N, Kedcham A. Mediating Roles of Intimate Partner Violence, Stress, and Social Support on Depressive Symptoms Among Thai Women. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP6697-NP6719. [PMID: 33086916 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520967140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Prior research has shown that intimate partner violence (IPV), stress, and social support are associated with depressive symptoms. However, a possible mediating role of these variables linking depressive symptoms has not been fully investigated in Thailand. This study was conducted to assess the mediating roles of IPV, stress, and social support in the relationships between childhood abuse (CA), number of sexual partners (NSP), and depressive symptoms among 400 Thai women attending gynecology clinics. Results indicated that IPV was significantly positively correlated with stress and depressive symptoms but negatively correlated with social support. CA and NSP were significantly positively correlated with IPV, stress, and depressive symptoms, but negatively correlated with social support. Structural equation models (SEMs) showed that not only did IPV severity exhibit significantly indirect effect on depressive symptoms (β = .178; p < .05), but it also had a significant, positive total effect on depressive symptoms (β = .252; p < .05). In particular, IPV severity had the fully mediating effect on depressive symptoms through social support (β = -.204; p < .05) and stress (β = .158; p < .05). CA severity and NSP exhibited the significant indirect effect on depressive symptoms through IPV severity, stress, and social support. All the models analyzed showed that stress had an important mediator role (β = .583; p < .05) on depressive symptoms. The model fitted very well to the empirical data and explained 53% of variance. Findings affirmed the important role of these mediators as well as the need to design interventions for reducing stress or increasing support for women experiencing IPV. Utilizing an empowerment approach among female outpatients to decrease stress and depressive symptoms is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Akadet Kedcham
- Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Ravi KE. Exposure to IPV among Children in the Child Welfare System and an Emotional-Behavioral Disability: the Role of Maternal Depression and Social Support. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2021; 14:587-597. [PMID: 34824668 PMCID: PMC8586297 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-021-00367-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between children's exposure to IPV and EBD among children involved in the child welfare system for suspected maltreatment (both substantiated and unsubstantiated). It specifically examines how children's trauma symptoms, maternal depression, and maternal social support may impact the relationship between exposure to IPV and EBD. This study uses structural equation modeling with data from the second National Survey of Child and Adolescent Wellbeing to examine the relationship between exposure to IPV and EBD among 989 children (ages 8-17) involved in the child welfare system. Moderated mediation was employed to examine whether children's trauma symptoms mediate the relationship between IPV exposure and EBD and whether differences in maternal depression and social support impact such mediation effect. Child trauma symptoms and maternal social support were significantly related to EBD. The current study highlights the relationship between children's trauma symptoms and EBD among children in the child welfare system. The study also provides preliminary evidence for maternal social support as a protective factor for children developing EBD. Implications of this research include providing interventions as well as increasing maternal social support to potentially reduce the likelihood of children developing EBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E. Ravi
- College of Social Work, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
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Stylianou AM, Counselman-Carpenter E, Redcay A. "My Sister Is the One That Made Me Stay Above Water": How Social Supports Are Maintained and Strained When Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence Reside in Emergency Shelter Programs. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:6005-6028. [PMID: 30526216 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518816320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While social support is critical in helping intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors heal and build hope, social isolation is a frequent experience for survivors. For survivors residing in domestic violence (DV) emergency shelters, the isolation from social supports is often exacerbated by shelter rules and policies. This study uses a 20th century feminist framework to understand the ways in which social support networks are maintained and/or strained when survivors reside in DV emergency shelters. Among this sample of 76 survivors, 40 participants identified family members as their support system, with siblings and mothers most frequently identified, and 14 participants identified friends as their social support. Prior to entering the DV shelter, survivors reported that their support networks provided encouragement and motivation along with emotional support, financial and material support, and support with children. Participants spoke about the process of informing their support systems of the transition into a DV shelter, the positive and negative impacts of the transition on their support system, and the roles that frequent telephone calls and texts played in maintaining their support networks. Participants reported positive impacts of residing in a DV shelter including improved emotional and physical health, strengthened emotional relationships, and improved physical and emotional resource provision. For those participants reporting negative experiences, they frequently identified logistical barriers, including the inability to receive visitors at the shelter, the distance between them and their friends and family, and strict rules around curfew and child care. Our findings invite researchers and practitioners to consider further examination of best practices around programming that supports survivors in maintaining social supports while residing in shelter programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alex Redcay
- School of Social Work, Millersville University, Lancaster, PA, USA
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Schultz K, Walls M, Grana SJ. Intimate Partner Violence and Health: The Roles of Social Support and Communal Mastery in Five American Indian Communities. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP6725-NP6746. [PMID: 30614385 PMCID: PMC6646095 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518821463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Elevated rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) have been documented among American Indian (AI) populations and multiple negative health outcomes are associated with IPV among the general population. The aims of this study were to examine associations between IPV and health outcomes among AI women and men (N = 192) in five reservations in the upper Midwest and test for possible moderating roles of social support and communal mastery. Data were from quantitative survey results from the Gathering for Health study, a community-based participatory research project investigating the impact of stress on health among AI adults living with type 2 diabetes. Computer-assisted surveys measured IPV with current or most recent partner, depressive symptoms, adverse physical health conditions frequently co-occurring with type 2 diabetes, drug abuse, and self-reported levels of social support and communal mastery. Forty-eight percent of women and 43% of men reported IPV in their current or most recent relationship. Higher IPV scores were positively associated with depressive symptoms, physical health, and drug abuse and negatively associated with social support and communal mastery. Social support was negatively associated with depressive symptoms and drug abuse, and communal mastery and depressive symptoms were inversely correlated. Ordinary least squares regression analyses demonstrated positive relationships between IPV and all three adverse health outcomes, but communal mastery was not significantly related to any of the outcomes in multivariate models. Social support moderated the effects of IPV on depressive symptoms only and communal mastery demonstrated no moderating effect. Findings suggest that social support may be protective against negative health outcomes among this population and corroborate previous scientific literature on the negative health outcomes specifically related to IPV. Interventions seeking to increase social support may be an area in which to focus IPV preventive and treatment efforts.
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Campbell KA, Vargas-Whale R, Olson LM. Health and Health Needs of Children of Women Seeking Services for and Safety From Intimate Partner Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP1193-1204NP. [PMID: 29366398 PMCID: PMC6027605 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518754871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) are at increased risk for health problems. The moment that a mother seeks services for or safety from IPV may be a window of opportunity to offer needed health care for her children. The objective of the study is to describe the perceptions of child health conditions and needs among mothers seeking services for or safety from IPV, and to compare the results in shelter- versus community-based samples. A cross-sectional survey of women with at least one child of age 3 to 11 years seeking services at an urban YWCA, which supports a residential IPV shelter and a community-based family justice center, was done between fall 2013 and winter 2014. Child health conditions were captured using the Children With Special Health Care Needs survey and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Prevalence of health conditions among IPV-exposed children was compared with population norms. Perceived child health and health needs in the residential versus community settings were compared. Women (n = 48) completed surveys related to 91 children. Special health care needs (25%) and behavioral health (52%) problems were significantly higher in our sample than in general populations. Almost one quarter (24%) of children had a current need for general medical care and almost one half (44%) had a current need for behavioral health care. No significant differences in child health conditions or needs between residential and community settings were observed. These findings extend prior research describing the health problems faced by children exposed to IPV by describing maternal perceptions of child health and need for health care in a critical moment of seeking help for IPV. Community agencies may use this window of opportunity to support child health and household safety.
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Haberland N, Ndwiga C, McCarthy K, Pulerwitz J, Kosgei R, Mak’anyengo M, Peltz A, Wong VJ, Kalibala S. Addressing Intimate Partner Violence and Power in Intimate Relationships in HIV Testing Services in Nairobi, Kenya. AIDS Behav 2020; 24:2409-2420. [PMID: 32026250 PMCID: PMC7395047 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-02801-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) undermines women’s uptake of HIV services and violates their human rights. In a two-arm randomized controlled trial we evaluated a short intervention that went a step beyond IPV screening to discuss violence and power with women receiving HIV testing services during antenatal care (ANC). The intervention included training and support for HIV counselors, a take-home card for clients, and an on-site IPV counselor. One third (35%) of women (N = 688) reported experiencing IPV in the past year; 6% were living with HIV. Among women experiencing IPV, program participants were more likely to disclose violence to their counselor than women receiving standard care (32% vs. 7%, p < 0.001). At second ANC visit, intervention group women were significantly more likely to report that talking with their counselor made a positive difference (aOR 2.9; 95% CI 1.8, 4.4; p < 0.001) and felt more confident in how they deserved to be treated (aOR 2.7; 95% CI 1.7, 4.4; p < 0.001). Exploratory analyses of intent to use ARVs to prevent mother-to-child transmission and actions to address violence were also encouraging.
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Mantler T, Jackson KT, Walsh EJ. Integration of Primary Health-Care Services in Women's Shelters: A Scoping Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2020; 21:610-623. [PMID: 29916310 DOI: 10.1177/1524838018781105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Women who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) have significant detrimental physical and mental health consequences associated with the violence as well as numerous barriers to health-care and social service utilization. Service integration offers a solution to help support women who have experienced violence overcome negative health consequences as well as barriers to system navigation and use. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine research activity pertaining to IPV and primary health-care and women's shelters integration. Namely, the aim was to determine the extent, range, and nature of research related to the effects of integrating primary health-care services and women's shelters. Nineteen sources were identified as potentially relevant from four electronic databases, with four articles meeting the inclusion criteria of integration of primary health-care and women's shelter services where outcomes were presented related to the efficacy of primary health-care received and integration. Numerical analysis revealed considerable homogeneity among articles in terms of methodological approaches, patient populations, and type of integration. Inductive thematic content analysis revealed three themes that resulted from integration: (1) increased access to and acceptability of services, (2) bridge back to health-care, and (3) decreasing future health-care burden. The findings from this scoping review represent a first attempt to summarize the literature, indicate a need for additional research, and suggest implications for practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Mantler
- School of Health Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kimberley T Jackson
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edmund J Walsh
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Schrag RV, Wood L, Busch-Armendariz N. Pathways From Intimate Partner Violence to Academic Disengagement Among Women University Students. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2020; 35:227-245. [PMID: 32273379 DOI: 10.1891/vv-d-18-00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
More knowledge is needed related to collegiate intimate partner violence (IPV) and the pathways between experiencing physical and psychological IPV and academic disengagement. Students in a University System in the southwest completed an online survey including measures of physical and psychological IPV, academic disengagement, sense of community, and safety on campus. Conditional process analyses were used to understand key pathways for 6,818 woman identified students. All models found a significant indirect path between physical and psychological IPV and academic disengagement via depression symptoms. Students' sense of community on campus was associated with less academic disengagement regardless of physical violence. The impact of psychological IPV on disengagement was stronger for those with lower senses of community. Enhancing screening and education, providing effective mental health counseling, and increasing advocacy will help institutions better address IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Voth Schrag
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX
| | - Leila Wood
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX
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Kim ME. Shifting the Lens: An Implementation Study of a Community-Based and Social Network Intervention to Gender-Based Violence. Violence Against Women 2020; 27:222-254. [PMID: 31928341 DOI: 10.1177/1077801219889176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Responding to the call to "shift the lens" and expand gender-based violence remedies beyond individualized direct services and law enforcement remedies, anti-violence providers have struggled to redefine and redirect intervention approaches. This implementation study leverages the framework of implementation science to investigate an exploratory statewide initiative based on the Creative Interventions model and aimed to build organizational and regional capacity to implement community-based or social network interventions within provider organizations. Using data from nine organizations, this mixed-methods study identifies factors related to implementation of this innovative approach including organizational motivation, capacity, and perceived needs related to adoption and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi E Kim
- California State University, Long Beach, USA
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15
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Pinto RJ, Correia-Santos P, Levendosky A, Jongenelen I. Psychological Distress and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms: The Role of Maternal Satisfaction, Parenting Stress, and Social Support Among Mothers and Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2019; 34:4114-4136. [PMID: 29294615 DOI: 10.1177/0886260516674199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) on parenting have usually not examined the role of the maternal perceptions, either its stress or maternal satisfaction, on the mothers' and children's mental health functioning. The present study aimed to assess whether maternal satisfaction, parenting stress, and social support are significantly associated with women's psychological functioning. The study also assessed whether maternal perceptions of the role of parenting were significantly associated with children's emotional well-being and social behavior. The sample included 160 mothers, 79 (49.4%) who were living with the aggressors and 81 (50.6%) in shelters, and their children (n = 61). The findings suggested that high levels of maternal satisfaction and perception of social support were significantly negatively associated with women's posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and psychological distress, whereas parenting stress was significantly positively associated with these outcomes. Maternal satisfaction was the only parenting variable that predicted both maternal mental health and children's emotional and behavioral problems, suggesting that it is a protective factor for both mothers and children. This study suggests that increasing maternal satisfaction with parenting and reducing parenting stress might promote better adjustment for both women and children victims of IPV.
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Decker MR, Wilcox HC, Holliday CN, Webster DW. An Integrated Public Health Approach to Interpersonal Violence and Suicide Prevention and Response. Public Health Rep 2019; 133:65S-79S. [PMID: 30426878 PMCID: PMC6243443 DOI: 10.1177/0033354918800019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Violence is a leading source of morbidity and mortality in the United States. In this article, we suggest a public health framework for preventing community violence, intimate partner violence and sexual violence, and suicide as key forms of interpersonal and self-directed violence. These types of violence often co-occur and share common risk and protective factors. The gender, racial/ethnic, and age-related disparities in violence risk can be understood through an intersectionality framework that considers the multiple simultaneous identities of people at risk. Important opportunities for cross-cutting interventions exist, and intervention strategies should be examined for potential effectiveness on multiple forms of violence through rigorous evaluation. Existing evidence-based approaches should be taken to scale for maximum impact. By seeking to influence the policy and normative context of violence as much as individual behavior, public health can work with the education system, criminal justice system, and other sectors to address the public health burden of interpersonal violence and suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele R Decker
- 1 Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- 2 Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Holly C Wilcox
- 3 Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charvonne N Holliday
- 1 Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel W Webster
- 4 Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- 5 Center for Gun Policy and Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Intimate partner violence in female-headed one-parent households: Generating data on prevalence, consequences and support. WOMENS STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wsif.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Voth Schrag RJ, Ravi KE, Robinson SR. The Role of Social Support in the Link Between Economic Abuse and Economic Hardship. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2018; 35:85-93. [PMID: 32435083 PMCID: PMC7223436 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-018-0019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
More data is needed about the pathways through which intimate partner violence (IPV) impacts the economic well-being of survivors. The current study assesses the moderating influence of social support on the association between economic abuse (EA) and economic hardship. Female participants (n = 435) were recruited to participate in a web-based survey which included standardized measures of EA, other forms of IPV, domains of social support, and economic hardship. Analysis included bivariate and multivariate regression with an investigation into interaction effects.Experiencing EA was significantly correlated with economic hardship, even with extent of physical and emotional IPV controlled. Both tangible and appraisal support had significant negative association with extent of material hardship. Significant interactions between forms of social support and economic abuse were observed. For those at high levels of economic abuse, support had less influence on economic hardship. A mix of direct economic aid, advocacy, education and support could provide a blueprint for addressing the economic hardship experiences of community-dwelling survivors of economic abuse. A comprehensive response to EA requires interventions aimed directly at economically controlling and exploitative tactics, including credit building, individual economic advocacy, and education. Interventions that seek to enhance survivors' access to social support may be necessary but not sufficient to buffer the impacts of violence on survivors' economic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J. Voth Schrag
- School of Social Work, University of Texas-Arlington, 211 S. Cooper, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - Kristen E. Ravi
- School of Social Work, University of Texas-Arlington, 211 S. Cooper, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - Sarah R. Robinson
- School of Social Work, University of Texas-Arlington, 211 S. Cooper, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
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Mannell J, Seyed-Raeisy I, Burgess R, Campbell C. The implications of community responses to intimate partner violence in Rwanda. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196584. [PMID: 29718961 PMCID: PMC5931791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) has significant impacts on mental health. Community-focused interventions have shown promising results for addressing IPV in low-income countries, however, little is known about the implications of these interventions for women’s mental wellbeing. This paper analyses data from a community-focused policy intervention in Rwanda collected in 2013–14, including focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with community members (n = 59). Our findings point to three ways in which these community members responded to IPV: (1) reconciling couples experiencing violence, (2) engaging community support through raising cases of IPV during community discussions, (3) navigating resources for women experiencing IPV, including police, social services and legal support. These community responses support women experiencing violence by helping them access available resources and by engaging in community discussions. However, assistance is largely only offered to married women and responses tend to focus exclusively on physical rather than psychological or emotional forms of violence. Drawing on Campbell and Burgess’s (2012) framework for ‘community mental health competence’, we interrogate the potential implications of these responses for the mental wellbeing of women affected by violence. We conclude by drawing attention to the gendered nature of community responses to IPV and the potential impacts this may have for the mental health of women experiencing IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenevieve Mannell
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Rochelle Burgess
- Firoz Lalji Centre for Africa, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Campbell
- Department of Psychological and Behavioural Sciences, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
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Krenkel S, Moré CLOO. Violência contra a Mulher, Casas-Abrigo e Redes Sociais: Revisão Sistemática da Literatura. PSICOLOGIA: CIÊNCIA E PROFISSÃO 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-3703000192016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a produção científica de artigos empíricos sobre casas-abrigo e redes sociais no contexto da violência contra a mulher. Buscaram-se artigos publicados entre 2004 e 2015, no Portal de Periódicos da Capes. Os descritores utilizados foram “shelter” e “social networks”, combinados com “violence against women” e suas variações: “domestic violence”/“gender violence”. De 1.536 estudos encontrados, 33 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão estabelecidos e foram organizados em duas categorias temáticas. Os resultados mostraram aspectos positivos da passagem das mulheres pela casa-abrigo, como o apoio oferecido pelos profissionais, além de aspectos dificultadores após a saída do local, principalmente em relação à geração de trabalho e renda. As redes sociais foram apontadas como um importante recurso no enfrentamento da violência, sobretudo pelo apoio da família de origem e das relações de amizade. Com base nos resultados e limitações apontados nos estudos, sugere-se o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas que problematizem a interrelação das práticas profissionais realizadas em casas-abrigo e o acompanhamento das mulheres após saírem do local, assim como, aprofundar a análise dos vínculos afetivos que sustentam as funções desempenhadas pelos membros que constituem as redes sociais configuradas.
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Montesó-Curto P, Aguilar C, Lejeune M, Casadó-Marin L, Casanova Garrigós G, Ferré-Grau C. Violence and depression in a community sample. J Clin Nurs 2017; 26:2392-2398. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Montesó-Curto
- Faculty of Nursing; Rovira i Virgili University; Campus Terres de l'Ebre; Tortosa Tarragona Spain
| | - Carina Aguilar
- Department of Evaluation; Terres de l'Ebre; Catalan Institute of Health; IDIAP Jordi Gol; Tortosa Tarragona Spain
| | - Marylène Lejeune
- Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta; IISPV; URV; Tortosa Spain
| | - Lina Casadó-Marin
- Faculty of Nursing; Campus Catalunya; Rovira i Virgili University; Tarragona Spain
| | | | - Carme Ferré-Grau
- Faculty of Nursing; Rovira i Virgili University; Tarragona Spain
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Ragavan M, Bruce J, Bair-Merritt M, Lucha S, Maya-Silva J, Stebbins E, Chamberlain L. Building a Novel Health Curriculum for Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence Residing at a Transitional Housing Program. Violence Against Women 2017; 24:266-285. [DOI: 10.1177/1077801217697206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We used a community-based participatory research approach to develop, implement, and evaluate one of the first health curricula for female intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors residing at a transitional housing program. The curriculum comprised 12 workshops that were developed based on the survivors’ experiences, needs, and interests. Evaluation participants included 20 of the 37 women who attended at least one workshop, 12 workshop facilitators, and two housing center staff. Participants found the curriculum to be engaging, interactive, and helpful in building a supportive community. Suggestions for curricular improvement as well as opportunities for further research and curricular development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sarah Lucha
- San Jose Police Department, San Hose, CA, USA
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Ragavan M, Karpel H, Bogetz A, Lucha S, Bruce J. Health Education for Women and Children: A Community-Engaged Mutual Learning Curriculum for Health Trainees. MEDEDPORTAL : THE JOURNAL OF TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES 2016; 12:10492. [PMID: 30984834 PMCID: PMC6440431 DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects the physical and psychological health of survivors and their children; however, to our knowledge, no comprehensive health curriculum exists for this population. As a partnership between a transitional housing program (THP) and an academic medical center, we developed a health education curriculum for female IPV survivors using the principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR). METHODS After partnering with a community-based organization, and recruiting participants (IPV survivors), the curriculum is then taught by health trainees. The materials needed to facilitate the 10 workshops are provided and include: a facilitator's guide; workshop materials, including PowerPoint slides and handouts; a training guide for a community partner to teach facilitators about IPV; a sample focus group guide for curricular evaluation that aligns with CBPR methodologies; a sample time line for curricular implementation; and CBPR resources. RESULTS The curriculum was implemented for two 9-month periods between September 2014 and June 2016. During the first session, 80% of women attended at least one workshop and during the second session, 65% of women did the same. Participants and staff at the THP found the curriculum engaging and requested that it be implemented yearly. DISCUSSION The community-academic partnership offered prehealth and health trainees the opportunity to learn effective methods of delivering health education and to understand some of the challenges associated with surviving IPV. Such education can be provided to trainees at any stage and across multiple specialties (e.g., medical, nursing, public health, or social work). There is potential to replicate this mutual learning curriculum in a wide variety of other settings serving mothers and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Ragavan
- Recent Graduate, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | | | - Alyssa Bogetz
- Instructor and Education Program Developer, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Sarah Lucha
- Crisis Intervention Training Manager, San Jose Police Department; Former Manager of Self-Sufficiency Services, Next Door Solutions to Domestic Violence
| | - Janine Bruce
- Instructor, Research Associate, and Program Director, Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine
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Ragavan M, Bruce J, Lucha S, Jayaraman T, Stein H, Chamberlain L. The Health of Women and Children After Surviving Intimate Partner Violence. Violence Against Women 2016; 23:1205-1227. [PMID: 27411720 DOI: 10.1177/1077801216656833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have explored the perspectives of survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) regarding their health and their children's health, their experiences accessing and utilizing health care, and health initiatives that would best serve their families' needs. We facilitated focus groups with female IPV survivors and adolescents who witnessed IPV. Women described their health and their children's health as poor and reported challenges with health care utilization, whereas teenagers generally perceived their health as typical for their age. Participants requested health education workshops, community resources, and social support. This study lays the foundation for further research and the development of health initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Ragavan
- 1 Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Janine Bruce
- 1 Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Lucha
- 2 Next Door Solutions to Domestic Violence, San Jose, CA, USA
| | | | - Harise Stein
- 1 Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Intimate Partner Violence and Correlates With Risk Behaviors and HIV/STI Diagnoses Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Men Who Have Sex With Men and Women in China: A Hidden Epidemic. Sex Transm Dis 2016. [PMID: 26222752 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) research has primarily focused on heterosexual couples but has largely ignored IPV among men who have sex with men (MSM). We examined IPV prevalence among MSM and men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) in China. METHODS Men who have sex with men older than 16 years were recruited through 3 MSM-focused Web sites in China. An online survey containing items on sociodemographics, risk behaviors, IPV, and self-reported HIV or sexually transmitted infection diagnosis was completed. Multivariate regression was used to examine associations between IPV and risk behaviors and an HIV or sexually transmitted infection diagnosis. RESULTS Among 610 participants, 182 (29.8%) reported experiencing at least 1 type of IPV. Men who have sex with both men and women were at significantly greater risk for IPV (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-2.53) compared with MSM. Men who had experienced IPV were more likely to have participated in group sex (AOR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.08-3.21), to have had sex in exchange for gifts or money (AOR, 5.06; 95% CI, 2.47-10.35), and to report a positive HIV diagnosis (AOR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.22-5.51). CONCLUSIONS There is a hidden epidemic of IPV among MSM in China, especially among MSMW. The hidden nature of MSM and MSMW suggests the need for a clinical environment more conducive to disclosure. Research is needed to understand the pathways linking IPV and HIV risk among MSM to optimize the design of effective interventions.
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26
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Dillon G, Hussain R, Kibele E, Rahman S, Loxton D. Influence of Intimate Partner Violence on Domestic Relocation in Metropolitan and Non-Metropolitan Young Australian Women. Violence Against Women 2016; 22:1597-1620. [PMID: 26902675 DOI: 10.1177/1077801216628689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Data from a national, population-based longitudinal study of Australian women (26-34 years) were analyzed to investigate the association between domestic relocation and multiple explanatory factors, namely intimate partner violence (IPV), metropolitan versus non-metropolitan residence, education, income, housing tenure, number of children, and changes in relationship status. Experience of IPV in the past 12 months was significantly associated with increased odds of domestic relocation. This association remained significant after controlling for age, social support, area of residence, income, number of children, education, and housing situation. Change in relationship status attenuated the association between recent IPV and domestic relocation. Metropolitan versus non-metropolitan residence had no major influence on these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Dillon
- University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rafat Hussain
- University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eva Kibele
- University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Saifur Rahman
- University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Deborah Loxton
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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Lee FH, Yang YM, Wang HH, Huang JJ, Chang SC. Conditions and Patterns of Intimate Partner Violence among Taiwanese Women. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2015; 9:91-5. [PMID: 26160235 DOI: 10.1016/j.anr.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health issue among women. IPV victims usually seek help from hospitals, and emergency nurses are the frontline staff with whom the victims come into contact first. This study examined the conditions and patterns of IPV in southern Taiwan. METHODS From designated hospitals in Kaohsiung under the Department of Health Injury Assessment Clinic, data were collected on 497 women regarding their injury assessment for IPV reported to the Kaohsiung City Government. RESULTS Taiwanese survivors were older compared to immigrant survivors. Taiwanese survivors also had higher education levels compared to immigrant survivors. Taiwanese survivors had higher employment rate than immigrant survivors did. The time between IPV and medical help seeking was longer for divorced than married women. CONCLUSIONS These results can facilitate understanding of the conditions and patterns of IPV in Taiwan, increase the awareness of nurses, especially the emergency nurses for the prevention of IPV, and increase professional competency for the provision of appropriate healthcare services to survivors of IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Hsin Lee
- Department of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Mei Yang
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hung Wang
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Joh-Jong Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Chang
- Department of Nursing, Dayeh University, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
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28
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Illangasekare SL, Burke JG, Chander G, Gielen AC. Depression and social support among women living with the substance abuse, violence, and HIV/AIDS syndemic: a qualitative exploration. Womens Health Issues 2015; 24:551-7. [PMID: 25213747 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV), HIV/AIDS, and substance use are described as the SAVA "syndemic" among low-income urban women because of their intersecting and synergistic presence in these women's lives. Depressive symptoms are significantly associated with these SAVA factors and although social support is potentially protective for depression, little is understood about its impact on depression associated with the SAVA syndemic. METHODS This paper investigates how women living with SAVA experience and describe depressive symptoms, and examines how the types of social support they access impact their experiences of SAVA and depressive symptoms. Qualitative, in-depth interviews were conducted with 24 HIV-positive, low-income, urban women who experienced IPV and used cocaine or heroin in their lifetime. Interviews were analyzed based on study aims, principles of thematic content analysis, and grounded theory. RESULTS Women identified multiple SAVA factors as catalysts for depression and noted their synergistic effect on depressive symptoms, which were both a trigger for and a result of drug use. Women accessed varying sources of social support to address their SAVA factors and associated symptoms of depression, relying on informal sources for instrumental support related to IPV and formal sources for support related to HIV, drug use, and depression. CONCLUSIONS These findings have important implications for health providers who serve SAVA-affected women, and suggest that comprehensively addressing all SAVA factors (and IPV in particular) and improving their access to quality social support at critical times is essential to improve their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Illangasekare
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Jessica G Burke
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Geetanjali Chander
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrea C Gielen
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Kamimura A, Christensen N, Al-Obaydi S, Solis SP, Ashby J, Greenwood JL, Reel JJ. The Relationship between Body Esteem, Exercise Motivations, Depression, and Social Support Among Female Free Clinic Patients. Womens Health Issues 2014; 24:656-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kamimura A, Ganta V, Myers K, Thomas T. Intimate partner violence and physical and mental health among women utilizing community health services in Gujarat, India. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2014; 14:127. [PMID: 25319589 PMCID: PMC4286938 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-14-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health threat which causes injury and acute and chronic physical and mental health problems. In India, a high percentage of women experience IPV. The purposes of this study include 1) to describe the lifetime prevalence of IPV, and 2) to examine the association between IPV and physical and mental health well-being, among women utilizing community health services for the economically disadvantaged in India. Methods Women utilizing community health services (N = 219) aged between 18 and 62 years completed a self-administered survey in Gujarat, India. Standardized instruments were used to measure perceived physical and mental health well-being. In addition, participants were asked about their lifetime experience with IPV, and socio-demographic questions. Analysis was restricted to the ever-married participants who completed the questions on IPV (N = 167). Results Participants with a lifetime history of IPV were more likely to have reported poorer physical and mental health compared to those without a lifetime history of IPV. More than half of the participants with an IPV history experienced multiple types of IPV (physical, sexual and/or emotional IPV). While being in the highest caste was a significant positive factor associated with better health, caste and other socio-demographic factors were not associated with IPV. Conclusions Women in India face risk of IPV. Yet those experiencing IPV do not seek help or rely on informal help sources. Community health organizations may take a role in IPV prevention and intervention. Diversity of intervention options would be important to encourage more women with IPV experience to seek help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kamimura
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, 380 S 1530 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
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Hansen NB, Eriksen SB, Elklit A. Effects of an intervention program for female victims of intimate partner violence on psychological symptoms and perceived social support. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2014; 5:24797. [PMID: 25279107 PMCID: PMC4163755 DOI: 10.3402/ejpt.v5.24797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has documented severe mental health problems in female victims of intimate partner violence (IPV). Therefore, providing effective treatment is pivotal. Few studies have investigated the effects of intervention programs on reducing the harmful consequences of IPV. OBJECTIVE The present study examined the effects of a specific three-phase intervention program for female victims of IPV on psychological symptoms (PTSD, anxiety, and depression) and perceived social support. Given that many of the women dropped out before and during the intervention program, potential differences in initial levels of psychological symptoms, perceived social support, as well as descriptive variables were explored between the women who completed the whole program and the groups of women who dropped out prematurely. METHOD The initial sample consisted of 212 female victims of IPV. Symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and level of perceived social support were measured with validated scales before the start of the intervention and after completion of each treatment phase. RESULTS Results showed a significant effect of the intervention program on reducing psychological symptoms and increasing levels of perceived social support. Effect sizes ranged from medium to very high. Significant positive effects were found for each of the treatment phases. There were no significant differences between the women who completed the whole program and those women who dropped out prematurely in terms of initial level of symptoms and perceived social support as well as descriptive characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Specifically developed intervention programs for female victims of IPV are effective in reducing the harmful personal consequences of IPV. Future studies should consider employing controlled study designs and address the issue of high drop out rates found in intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina B Hansen
- Department of Psychology, National Research Centre for Psychotraumatology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Sara B Eriksen
- Department of Psychology, National Research Centre for Psychotraumatology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ask Elklit
- Department of Psychology, National Research Centre for Psychotraumatology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
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