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Nie J, Dong Z, Tang L, Liu J, Wu Y. Social network effect on land transfer willingness of the rural elders: Evidence from China. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34966. [PMID: 39170514 PMCID: PMC11336273 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The elders in China's rural areas are facing challenges in maintaining agricultural production due to the outflow of rural laborers. The Transfer of land could alleviate the burden of land-based livelihoods for rural elders, but their decisions regarding land transfer are influenced by their social networks within the context of Chinese rural society. This study investigates how social networks impact the willingness of rural elders to transfer land. Using survey data from 782 rural elders in 32 villages across 11 provinces in China, this paper applies multilinear and binary logistic regression models. The results indicate that the willingness of rural elders to transfer land is affected by their social neteork: (1) Internal network scale, network heterogeneity, and frequency of external network relationships have a significantly positive influence on rural elders' willingness to transfer land, while frequency of internal network relationships has a significantly negative influence. (2) There are group differences in the above impacts, and these significant impacts occur only among male elderly individuals aged 60-69 years old or living in central and western regions. (3) Social networks primarily influence rural elders' willingness to transfer land through three mechanisms: information consultation, interpersonal trust, and material resource acquisition. A larger internal social network scale, higher heterogeneity within the network, and more frequent interactions with members of external networks lead to greater access to useful information, higher levels of trust in others, increased material resources availability, and an increased likelihood of transferring land. These findings can inform government policies aimed at improving practices related to land transfers and old age security for rural elders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Nie
- School of Public Administration, Northwest University, Shaanxi, 710127, China
| | - Ziyue Dong
- School of Public Economics and Administration, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Le Tang
- School of Public Administration, Northwest University, Shaanxi, 710127, China
| | - Jinlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yufeng Wu
- School of Public Administration, Northwest University, Shaanxi, 710127, China
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2
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Chuong HN. The role of social capital in shaping livelihood for rural Vietnamese households. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295292. [PMID: 38096178 PMCID: PMC10721011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores the role of social capital in the livelihoods of rural households in Vietnam, examining both direct and indirect impacts. The author uses a revised sustainable livelihood framework to analyze social capital, focusing on bonding-bridging and linking forms. The study applies quantitative methods to a secondary dataset from a rural household survey, including entropy-weighted indicators, cluster analysis, and SEM models. The findings suggest that social capital has complex and significant impacts on household livelihood strategies. Bridging and linking social capital promotes non-agricultural and wage-based strategies, while bonding social capital drives transfer-based strategies. The study highlights the importance of social capital as a complementary resource to other livelihood capitals, such as financial, human, and physical capital. These results have important implications for policy implementation aimed at supporting rural households and their livelihoods, especially regarding social capital's interaction with other livelihood capitals. By understanding the complex relationship between social capital, other livelihood capitals and livelihood strategies, policymakers can design more effective policies that harness the potential of social connections to support rural households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huynh Ngoc Chuong
- University of Economics and Law and Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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3
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Mattison SM, MacLaren NG, Sum CY, Shenk MK, Blumenfield T, Wander K. Does gender structure social networks across domains of cooperation? An exploration of gendered networks among matrilineal and patrilineal Mosuo. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20210436. [PMID: 36440564 PMCID: PMC9703220 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cooperative networks are essential features of human society. Evolutionary theory hypothesizes that networks are used differently by men and women, yet the bulk of evidence supporting this hypothesis is based on studies conducted in a limited range of contexts and on few domains of cooperation. In this paper, we compare individual-level cooperative networks from two communities in Southwest China that differ systematically in kinship norms and institutions-one matrilineal and one patrilineal-while sharing an ethnic identity. Specifically, we investigate whether network structures differ based on prevailing kinship norms and type of gendered cooperative activity, one woman-centred (preparation of community meals) and one man-centred (farm equipment lending). Our descriptive results show a mixture of 'feminine' and 'masculine' features in all four networks. The matrilineal meals network stands out in terms of high degree skew. Exponential random graph models reveal a stronger role for geographical proximity in patriliny and a limited role of affinal relatedness across all networks. Our results point to the need to consider domains of cooperative activity alongside gender and cultural context to fully understand variation in how women and men leverage social relationships toward different ends. This article is part of the theme issue 'Cooperation among women: evolutionary and cross-cultural perspectives'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhán M. Mattison
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Neil G. MacLaren
- Department of Mathematics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Chun-Yi Sum
- College of General Studies, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mary K. Shenk
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA
| | - Tami Blumenfield
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- School of Ethnology and Sociology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650106, People's Republic of China
| | - Katherine Wander
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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4
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Mattison SM, MacLaren N, Sum CY, Mattison PM, Liu R, Shenk MK, Blumenfield T, Su M, Li H, Wander K. Market integration, income inequality, and kinship system among the Mosuo of China. EVOLUTIONARY HUMAN SCIENCES 2022; 5:e4. [PMID: 37587931 PMCID: PMC10426023 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2022.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased access to defensible material wealth is hypothesised to escalate inequality. Market integration, which creates novel opportunities in cash economies, provides a means of testing this hypothesis. Using demographic data collected from 505 households among the matrilineal and patrilineal Mosuo in 2017, we test whether market integration is associated with increased material wealth, whether increased material wealth is associated with wealth inequality, and whether being in a matrilineal vs. patrilineal kinship system alters the relationship between wealth and inequality. We find evidence that market integration, measured as distance to the nearest source of tourism and primary source of household income, is associated with increased household income and 'modern' asset value. Both village-level market integration and mean asset value were associated negatively, rather than positively, with inequality, contrary to predictions. Finally, income, modern wealth and inequality were higher in matrilineal communities that were located closer to the centre of tourism and where tourism has long provided a relatively stable source of income. However, we also observed exacerbated inequality with increasing farm animal value in patriliny. We conclude that the forces affecting wealth and inequality depend on local context and that the importance of local institutions is obscured by aggregate statistics drawn from modern nation states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil MacLaren
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of Mathematics, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Chun-Yi Sum
- Boston University, Department of General Studies, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter M. Mattison
- University of New Mexico, Department of Biology, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ruizhe Liu
- University of New Mexico, Department of Anthropology, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Mary K. Shenk
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Anthropology, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Tami Blumenfield
- University of New Mexico, Department of Anthropology, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Yunnan University, School of Ethnology and Sociology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mingjie Su
- Fudan University, MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- Fudan University, MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Shanghai, China
| | - Katherine Wander
- Binghamton University (SUNY), Department of Anthropology, Binghamton, NY, USA
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5
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Naranjo-Zolotov M, Acedo A, Lascano JE. Exploring the effects of social capital on the compulsive use of online social networks in civil unrest contexts. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09990. [PMID: 35874073 PMCID: PMC9305364 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of online social networking sites has become part of everyday life for more than three billion people worldwide. However, its use may go beyond being a habit, leading to compulsive use behaviours that jeopardize the well-being of an individual and the whole society. This study proposes and evaluates a theoretical model that examines the four dimensions of social capital, mediated by bonding and bridging social capital, as drivers of compulsive use of online social networks in the context of civil unrest. We evaluate the model using partial least squares structural equation modelling with data collected from a developing country. We found that reciprocity is the most important driver for bonding and bridging social capital with online members. Whereas trust, contradicting most of the literature in the field, was not statistically significant over bonding and bridging social capital. Bonding social capital shows a significant association with compulsive use behaviour. On the other hand, the effect of bridging social capital on compulsive use behaviour, although not significant, may become significant in the presence of a strong usage habit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijail Naranjo-Zolotov
- NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Albert Acedo
- NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,GEOTEC, Institute of New Imaging Technologies, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain.,ITI/LARSyS, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Edison Lascano
- Department of Computer Sciences, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador
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6
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Caudell M, Mangesho PE, Mwakapeje ER, Dorado-García A, Kabali E, Price C, OleNeselle M, Kimani T, Fasina FO. Narratives of veterinary drug use in northern Tanzania and consequences for drug stewardship strategies in low-income and middle-income countries. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2021-006958. [PMID: 35058305 PMCID: PMC8772431 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Awareness-raising campaigns play a central role in efforts to combat drug resistance. These campaigns assume that knowledge deficits drive poor practices that increase resistance. Therefore, increasing awareness will promote prudent practices and reduce resistance. However, most awareness campaigns have been developed and evaluated in high-income and public health settings. Consequently, it is not clear whether these campaigns are effective in low-income and middle-income countries and/or within animal health settings. METHODS Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were used to collect narratives of veterinary drug use among Maasai pastoralists (n=70), animal health professionals (n=10) and veterinary drug sellers (n=5). Thematic analysis was used to identify recurring themes across narratives and groups. RESULTS Narratives of Maasai and animal health professionals indicated that Maasai treated their livestock with limited input from the professional sector and that non-prudent treatment practices were observed (eg, using antimicrobials as 'energizers'). Professionals linked these practices to knowledge and attitudinal deficits among the Maasai, while Maasai narratives highlighted the importance of climatic uncertainties and cultural beliefs surrounding veterinary care. CONCLUSION Narratives of veterinary drug use from animal health professionals are consistent with the knowledge deficit assumption guiding awareness-raising efforts. In contrast, Maasai narratives highlight how animal health practices are patterned by cultural norms interacting with factors largely outside of Maasai control, including a constrained professional veterinary sector. If these cultural and structural contexts remain unconsidered in awareness-raising strategies, current campaigns are unlikely to motivate practices necessary to limit drug resistance, especially within low-income and middle-income settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Caudell
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peter E Mangesho
- National Institute for Medical Research, Muheza, Tanzania, United Republic of
| | - Elibariki R Mwakapeje
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of
| | | | - Emmanuel Kabali
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Cortney Price
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Moses OleNeselle
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of
| | - Tabitha Kimani
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Folorunso O Fasina
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of
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7
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Cronk L, Aktipis A. Design principles for risk-pooling systems. Nat Hum Behav 2021; 5:825-833. [PMID: 34045721 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-021-01121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In times of crisis, risk pooling can enhance the resilience of individuals, households and communities. Risk-pooling systems are most effective when their participants adhere to several principles: (1) participants should agree that the pool is for needs that arise unpredictably, not for routine, predictable needs; (2) giving to those in need should not create an obligation for them to repay; (3) participants should not be expected to help others until they have taken care of their own needs; (4) participants should have a consensus about what constitutes need; (5) resources should be either naturally visible or made visible to reduce cheating; (6) individuals should be able to decide which partners to accept; and (7) the scale of the network should be large enough to cover the scale of risks. We discuss the cultural and evolutionary foundations of risk-pooling systems, their vulnerabilities and their relationship to commercial insurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Cronk
- Department of Anthropology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Athena Aktipis
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Lightner AD, Hagen EH. Acculturation and market integration are associated with greater trust among Tanzanian Maasai pastoralists. EVOLUTIONARY HUMAN SCIENCES 2021; 3:e15. [PMID: 37588557 PMCID: PMC10427282 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2021.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acting on socially learned information involves risk, especially when the consequences imply certain costs with uncertain benefits. Current evolutionary theories argue that decision-makers evaluate and respond to this information based on context cues, such as prestige (the prestige bias model) and/or incentives (the risk and incentives model). We tested the roles of each in explaining trust using a preregistered vignette-based study involving advice about livestock among Maasai pastoralists. In exploratory analyses, we also investigated how the relevance of each might be influenced by recent cultural and economic changes, such as market integration and shifting cultural values. Our confirmatory analysis failed to support the prestige bias model, and partially supported the risk and incentives model. Exploratory analyses suggested that regional acculturation varied strongly between northern vs. southern areas, divided by a small mountain. Consistent with the idea that trust varies with socially transmitted values and regional differences in market integration, people living near densely populated towns in the southern region were more likely to trust socially learned information about livestock. Higher trust among market-integrated participants might reflect a coordination solution in a region where traditional pastoralism is beset with novel conflicts of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D. Lightner
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Edward H. Hagen
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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9
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Mangesho PE, Caudell MA, Mwakapeje ER, Ole-Neselle M, Kimani T, Dorado-García A, Kabali E, Fasina FO. Knowing Is Not Enough: A Mixed-Methods Study of Antimicrobial Resistance Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practises Among Maasai Pastoralists. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:645851. [PMID: 33834048 PMCID: PMC8023390 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.645851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Global, national, and local efforts to limit antimicrobial resistance (AMR) often stress the importance of raising awareness among users, sellers, and prescribers of antimicrobial drugs. This emphasis is founded upon two assumptions. First, awareness is limited, particularly concerning the links between antimicrobial use (AMU) and AMR. Second, "filling the awareness gaps" will motivate practises that will limit AMR. The first assumption is supported by knowledge, attitudes, and practises (KAP) surveys but these same studies provide mixed support for the second, with several studies finding that knowledge and attitudes are not correlated with related practises. This disconnect may arise as these surveys typically do not collect data on the cultural or historical contexts that pattern AMU. To explore how these contexts impact KAP related to AMU and AMR, we use a mixed-methods approach to examine veterinary practises among Maasai pastoralists in Tanzania. We combine a quantitative KAP survey (N = 195 households) with extensive qualitative data from focus group discussions (N = 55 participants). Results document limited awareness of AMR but also find that knowledge and attitudes are not correlated with practise. Thematic analysis of qualitative data pointed to three reasons behind this disconnect, including (1) Maasai self-perceptions as veterinary experts, (2) the central role of livestock in Maasai culture, and (3) the use of ethnoveterinary knowledge in animal health treatment. We argue that mixed-method approaches will be critical to developing the targeted awareness campaigns needed to limit the emergence and transmission of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E. Mangesho
- Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Muheza, Tanzania
- *Correspondence: Peter E. Mangesho
| | - Mark A. Caudell
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, United Nations Complex, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Moses Ole-Neselle
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Tabitha Kimani
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, United Nations Complex, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Emmanuel Kabali
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
- Woodham La, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Folorunso O. Fasina
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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10
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Bealt J, Mansouri SA. From disaster to development: a systematic review of community-driven humanitarian logistics. DISASTERS 2018; 42:124-148. [PMID: 28452127 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of untapped resources exist within disaster-affected communities that can be used to address relief and development concerns. A systematic review of the literature relating to community participation in humanitarian logistics activities revealed that communities are able to form ad hoc networks that have the ability to meet a wide range of disaster management needs. These structures, characterised as Collaborative Aid Networks (CANs), have demonstrated efficient logistical capabilities exclusive of humanitarian organisations. This study proposes that CANs, as a result of their unique characteristics, present alternatives to established humanitarian approaches to logistics, while also mitigating the challenges commonly faced by traditional humanitarian organisations. Furthermore, CANs offer a more holistic, long-term approach to disaster management, owing to their impact on development through their involvement in humanitarian logistics. This research provides the foundation for further theoretical analysis of effective and efficient disaster management, and details opportunities for policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bealt
- Research Associate, Alliance Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - S Afshin Mansouri
- Professor of Operations and Supply Chain Management, Brunel Business School, Brunel University London, United Kingdom
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11
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Roulette CJ, Caudell MA, Roulette JW, Quinlan RJ, Quinlan MB, Subbiah M, Call DR. A two-month follow-up evaluation testing interventions to limit the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistant bacteria among Maasai of northern Tanzania. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:770. [PMID: 29246196 PMCID: PMC5732506 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In sub-Saharan Africa, efforts to control antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are aggravated by unregulated drug sales and use, and high connectivity between human, livestock, and wildlife populations. Our previous research indicates that Maasai agropastoralists-who have high exposure to livestock and livestock products and self-administer veterinary antibiotics-harbor antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli). Here, we report the results of a public health intervention project among Maasai aimed at reducing selection and transmission of E. coli bacteria. METHODS Research was conducted in two Maasai communities in Northern Tanzania. Participants were provided with health knowledge and technological innovations to facilitate: 1) the prudent use of veterinary antibiotics (tape measures and dosage charts to calculate livestock weight for more accurate dosage), and, 2) the pasteurization of milk (thermometers), the latter of which was motivated by findings of high levels of resistant E. coli in Maasai milk. To determine knowledge retention and intervention adoption, we conducted a two-month follow-up evaluation in the largest of the two communities. RESULTS Retention of antimicrobial knowledge was positively associated with retention of bacterial knowledge and, among men, retention of bacterial knowledge was associated with greater wealth. Bacterial and AMR knowledge were not, however, associated with self-reported use of the innovations. Among women, self-reported use of the thermometers was associated with having more children and greater retention of knowledge about the health benefits of the innovations. Whereas 70% of women used their innovations correctly, men performed only 18% of the weight-estimation steps correctly. Men's correct use was associated with schooling, such that high illiteracy rates remain an important obstacle to the dissemination and diffusion of weight-estimation materials. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that dietary preferences for unboiled milk, concerns over child health, and a desire to improve the health of livestock are important cultural values that need to be incorporated in future AMR-prevention interventions that target Maasai populations. More generally, these findings inform future community-health interventions to limit AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey J. Roulette
- Department of Anthropology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182 USA
| | - Mark A. Caudell
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer W. Roulette
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Robert J. Quinlan
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Marsha B. Quinlan
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Murugan Subbiah
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Douglas R. Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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12
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Baggio JA, BurnSilver SB, Arenas A, Magdanz JS, Kofinas GP, De Domenico M. Multiplex social ecological network analysis reveals how social changes affect community robustness more than resource depletion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:13708-13713. [PMID: 27856752 PMCID: PMC5137762 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1604401113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Network analysis provides a powerful tool to analyze complex influences of social and ecological structures on community and household dynamics. Most network studies of social-ecological systems use simple, undirected, unweighted networks. We analyze multiplex, directed, and weighted networks of subsistence food flows collected in three small indigenous communities in Arctic Alaska potentially facing substantial economic and ecological changes. Our analysis of plausible future scenarios suggests that changes to social relations and key households have greater effects on community robustness than changes to specific wild food resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo A Baggio
- Department of Environment and Society, Utah State University Logan, UT 84322
| | - Shauna B BurnSilver
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University Phoenix, AZ 85287
| | - Alex Arenas
- Departament d'Enginyeria Informàtica i Matemàtiques, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - James S Magdanz
- School of Natural Resources and Extension, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775
| | - Gary P Kofinas
- School of Natural Resources and Extension, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775
| | - Manlio De Domenico
- Departament d'Enginyeria Informàtica i Matemàtiques, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
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13
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Okpara UT, Stringer LC, Dougill AJ. Using a novel climate-water conflict vulnerability index to capture double exposures in Lake Chad. REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE 2016; 17:351-366. [PMID: 32269500 PMCID: PMC7114970 DOI: 10.1007/s10113-016-1003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Climate variability is amongst an array of threats facing agricultural livelihoods, with its effects unevenly distributed. With resource conflict being increasingly recognised as one significant outcome of climate variability and change, understanding the underlying drivers that shape differential vulnerabilities in areas that are double-exposed to climate and conflict has great significance. Climate change vulnerability frameworks are rarely applied in water conflict research. This article presents a composite climate-water conflict vulnerability index based on a double exposure framework developed from advances in vulnerability and livelihood assessments. We apply the index to assess how the determinants of vulnerability can be useful in understanding climate variability and water conflict interactions and to establish how knowledge of the climate-conflict linked context can shape interventions to reduce vulnerability. We surveyed 240 resource users (farmers, fishermen and pastoralists) in seven villages on the south-eastern shores of Lake Chad in the Republic of Chad to collect data on a range of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity variables. Results suggest that pastoralists are more vulnerable in terms of climate-structured aggressive behaviour within a lake-based livelihoods context where all resource user groups show similar levels of exposure to climate variability. Our approach can be used to understand the human and environmental security components of vulnerability to climate change and to explore ways in which conflict-structured climate adaptation and climate-sensitive conflict management strategies can be integrated to reduce the vulnerability of populations in high-risk, conflict-prone environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uche T. Okpara
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay C. Stringer
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Dougill
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT United Kingdom
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14
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