1
|
Chang-Rabley E, van Zelm MC, Ricotta EE, Edwards ESJ. An Overview of the Strategies to Boost SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immunity in People with Inborn Errors of Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:675. [PMID: 38932404 PMCID: PMC11209597 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has heightened concerns about immunological protection, especially for individuals with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). While COVID-19 vaccines elicit strong immune responses in healthy individuals, their effectiveness in IEI patients remains unclear, particularly against new viral variants and vaccine formulations. This uncertainty has led to anxiety, prolonged self-isolation, and repeated vaccinations with uncertain benefits among IEI patients. Despite some level of immune response from vaccination, the definition of protective immunity in IEI individuals is still unknown. Given their susceptibility to severe COVID-19, strategies such as immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT) and monoclonal antibodies have been employed to provide passive immunity, and protection against both current and emerging variants. This review examines the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines and antibody-based therapies in IEI patients, their capacity to recognize viral variants, and the necessary advances required for the ongoing protection of people with IEIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Chang-Rabley
- The Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Menno C. van Zelm
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- The Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies in Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emily E. Ricotta
- The Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniform Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Emily S. J. Edwards
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- The Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies in Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jolly KJ, Zhang F. IVT-mRNA reprogramming of myeloid cells for cancer immunotherapy. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2024; 100:247-288. [PMID: 39034054 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
In the past decade, in vitro transcribed messenger RNAs (IVT-mRNAs) have emerged as promising therapeutic molecules. The clinical success of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines developed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, have demonstrated that IVT-mRNAs can be safely and successfully used in a clinical setting, and efforts are underway to develop IVT-mRNAs for therapeutic applications. Current applications of mRNA-based therapy have been focused on (1) mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases and cancer treatment; (2) protein replacement therapy; (3) gene editing therapy; and (4) cell-reprogramming therapies. Due to the recent clinical progress of cell-based immunotherapies, the last direction-the use of IVT-mRNAs as a therapeutic approach to program immune cells for the treatment of cancer has received extensive attention from the cancer immunotherapy field. Myeloid cells are important components of our immune system, and they play critical roles in mediating disease progression and regulating immunity against diseases. In this chapter, we discussed the progress of using IVT-mRNAs as a therapeutic approach to program myeloid cells against cancer and other immune-related diseases. Towards this direction, we first reviewed the pharmacology of IVT-mRNAs and the biology of myeloid cells as well as myeloid cell-targeting therapeutics. We then presented a few cases of current IVT-mRNA-based approaches to target and reprogram myeloid cells for disease treatment and discussed the advantages and limitations of these approaches. Finally, we presented our considerations in designing mRNA-based approaches to target myeloid cells for disease treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevon J Jolly
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
van Leeuwen LPM, Grobben M, GeurtsvanKessel CH, Ellerbroek PM, de Bree GJ, Potjewijd J, Rutgers A, Jolink H, van de Veerdonk FL, van Gils MJ, de Vries RD, Dalm VASH. Immunogenicity of COVID-19 booster vaccination in IEI patients and their one year clinical follow-up after start of the COVID-19 vaccination program. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1390022. [PMID: 38698851 PMCID: PMC11063285 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1390022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previous studies have demonstrated that the majority of patients with an inborn error of immunity (IEI) develop a spike (S)-specific IgG antibody and T-cell response after two doses of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine, but little is known about the response to a booster vaccination. We studied the immune responses 8 weeks after booster vaccination with mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines in 171 IEI patients. Moreover, we evaluated the clinical outcomes in these patients one year after the start of the Dutch COVID-19 vaccination campaign. Methods This study was embedded in a large prospective multicenter study investigating the immunogenicity of COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccines in IEI (VACOPID study). Blood samples were taken from 244 participants 8 weeks after booster vaccination. These participants included 171 IEI patients (X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA;N=11), combined immunodeficiency (CID;N=4), common variable immunodeficiency (CVID;N=45), isolated or undefined antibody deficiencies (N=108) and phagocyte defects (N=3)) and 73 controls. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG titers, neutralizing antibodies, and T-cell responses were evaluated. One year after the start of the COVID-19 vaccination program, 334 study participants (239 IEI patients and 95 controls) completed a questionnaire to supplement their clinical data focusing on SARS-CoV-2 infections. Results After booster vaccination, S-specific IgG titers increased in all COVID-19 naive IEI cohorts and controls, when compared to titers at 6 months after the priming regimen. The fold-increases did not differ between controls and IEI cohorts. SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses also increased equally in all cohorts after booster vaccination compared to 6 months after the priming regimen. Most SARS-CoV-2 infections during the study period occurred in the period when the Omicron variant had become dominant. The clinical course of these infections was mild, although IEI patients experienced more frequent fever and dyspnea compared to controls and their symptoms persisted longer. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that mRNA-based booster vaccination induces robust recall of memory B-cell and T-cell responses in most IEI patients. One-year clinical follow-up demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infections in IEI patients were mild. Given our results, we support booster campaigns with newer variant-specific COVID-19 booster vaccines to IEI patients with milder phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leanne P. M. van Leeuwen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Travel Clinic, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marloes Grobben
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Pauline M. Ellerbroek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Judith Potjewijd
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division Clinical Immunology, Maastricht UMC, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Abraham Rutgers
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, UMC Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hetty Jolink
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frank L. van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marit J. van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rory D. de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Virgil A. S. H. Dalm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cusa G, Sardella G, Garzi G, Firinu D, Milito C. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in primary antibody deficiencies: an overview on efficacy, immunogenicity, durability of immune response and safety. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 24:37-43. [PMID: 37962877 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to summarize the current best knowledge on the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination in vulnerable patients affected by primary antibody deficiencies (PADs), both in patients previously infected and vaccine-immunized, focusing also on the durability, on the need for multiple booster doses and on the safety of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. RECENT FINDINGS Patients vaccinated for SARS-CoV2 have variable humoral response, still showing a tendency towards an increase in antibody titers, with factors such as booster doses, previous infections, age and specific genetic mutations influencing the outcome. Long-lasting cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination instead, mostly of the T-cell type, have been observed. Overall, the duration of protection given by vaccinations is sufficient and increased upon further simulations. Furthermore, the safety profile in PID patients is excellent, with most adverse events being transient and mild and no major adverse event reported. SUMMARY Several studies have emphasized the benefit of vaccinating patients with PADs against the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the necessity of administering booster doses. This review, by gathering the most recent and significant data from the scientific literature, could be helpful in clinical practice in the management of disease prevention in patients affected by primary immunodeficiency and also serve as inspiration for further in-depth clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Cusa
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome
| | - Germano Sardella
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome
| | - Giulia Garzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome
| | - Davide Firinu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Milito
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Costanzo GAML, Deiana CM, Sanna G, Perra A, Campagna M, Ledda AG, Coghe F, Palmas V, Cappai R, Manzin A, Chessa L, Del Giacco S, Firinu D. Impact of Exposure to Vaccination and Infection on Cellular and Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 in CVID Patients Through COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Immunol 2023; 44:12. [PMID: 38129351 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to investigate the kinetics of response against SARS-CoV-2 elicited by vaccination and/or breakthrough infection (occurred after 3 doses of BNT162b2) in a cohort CVID patients. METHODS We measured humoral and cellular immunity using quantitative anti-spike antibody (anti-S-IgG) and neutralization assay and specific interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) before and after the third or fourth dose of BNT162b2 and/or after COVID-19. RESULTS In CVID, 58.3% seroconverted after 2 doses that increased to 77.8% after 3 doses. Between the second and third dose, there was a decline in humoral compartment that led to titers below the cutoff of 1:10 (MNA90%) in CVID. This was paralleled by a significantly lower proportion (30%) and reduced magnitude of the residual cellular response among CVID. The third dose achieved a lower titer of anti-S and nAb against the Wuhan strain than HC and significantly decreased the rate of those showing solely a positive neutralizing activity and those with simultaneous negativity of IGRA and nAbs; the differences in IGRA were overall reduced with respect to HC. At further sampling after breakthrough SARS-COV-2 infection, mostly in the omicron era, or fourth dose, 6 months after the last event, the residual nAb titer to Wuhan strain was still significantly higher in HC, while there was no significant difference of nAbs to BA.1. The rate of IGRA responders was 65.5% in CVID and 90.5% in HC (p=0.04), while the magnitude of response was similar. None of CVID had double negativity to nAbs and IGRA at the last sampling. CONCLUSION This data shows an increase of adaptive immunity in CVID after mRNA vaccination in parallel to boosters, accrual number of exposures and formation of hybrid immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Maria Deiana
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Sanna
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Andrea Perra
- Oncology and Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09100, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marcello Campagna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Giovanni Ledda
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Coghe
- Laboratory Clinical Chemical Analysis and Microbiology, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Vanessa Palmas
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cappai
- Laboratory Clinical Chemical Analysis and Microbiology, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Aldo Manzin
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Luchino Chessa
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Davide Firinu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100, Cagliari, Italy.
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Policlinico Universitario - AOU di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, SS 554-Bivio Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zendt M, Bustos Carrillo FA, Kelly S, Saturday T, DeGrange M, Ginigeme A, Wu L, Callier V, Ortega-Villa A, Faust M, Chang-Rabley E, Bugal K, Kenney H, Khil P, Youn JH, Osei G, Regmi P, Anderson V, Bosticardo M, Daub J, DiMaggio T, Kreuzburg S, Pala F, Pfister J, Treat J, Ulrick J, Karkanitsa M, Kalish H, Kuhns DB, Priel DL, Fink DL, Tsang JS, Sparks R, Uzel G, Waldman MA, Zerbe CS, Delmonte OM, Bergerson JRE, Das S, Freeman AF, Lionakis MS, Sadtler K, van Doremalen N, Munster V, Notarangelo LD, Holland SM, Ricotta EE. Characterization of the antispike IgG immune response to COVID-19 vaccines in people with a wide variety of immunodeficiencies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh3150. [PMID: 37824621 PMCID: PMC10569702 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Research on coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination in immune-deficient/disordered people (IDP) has focused on cancer and organ transplantation populations. In a prospective cohort of 195 IDP and 35 healthy volunteers (HV), antispike immunoglobulin G (IgG) was detected in 88% of IDP after dose 2, increasing to 93% by 6 months after dose 3. Despite high seroconversion, median IgG levels for IDP never surpassed one-third that of HV. IgG binding to Omicron BA.1 was lowest among variants. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 pseudo-neutralization only modestly correlated with antispike IgG concentration. IgG levels were not significantly altered by receipt of different messenger RNA-based vaccines, immunomodulating treatments, and prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections. While our data show that three doses of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccinations induce antispike IgG in most IDP, additional doses are needed to increase protection. Because of the notably reduced IgG response to Omicron BA.1, the efficacy of additional vaccinations, including bivalent vaccines, should be studied in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Zendt
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fausto A. Bustos Carrillo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Office of Data Science and Emerging Technologies, Office of Science Management and Operations, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sophie Kelly
- Trans-NIH Shared Resource on Biomedical Engineering and Physical Science, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Maureen DeGrange
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Anita Ginigeme
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Medical Science and Computing LLC, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Lurline Wu
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Viviane Callier
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ana Ortega-Villa
- Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Emma Chang-Rabley
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kara Bugal
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - Heather Kenney
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pavel Khil
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - Jung-Ho Youn
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - Gloria Osei
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - Pravesh Regmi
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - Victoria Anderson
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marita Bosticardo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Janine Daub
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas DiMaggio
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Samantha Kreuzburg
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Francesca Pala
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Justina Pfister
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Treat
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jean Ulrick
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Heather Kalish
- Trans-NIH Shared Resource on Biomedical Engineering and Physical Science, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas B. Kuhns
- Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Debra L. Priel
- Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Danielle L. Fink
- Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - John S. Tsang
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Center for Systems and Engineering Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT,USA
| | - Rachel Sparks
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, DIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - Gulbu Uzel
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meryl A. Waldman
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christa S. Zerbe
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ottavia M. Delmonte
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jenna R. E. Bergerson
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sanchita Das
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - Alexandra F. Freeman
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michail S. Lionakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Sadtler
- Section for Immunoengineering, NIBIB, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Luigi D. Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven M. Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emily E. Ricotta
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Logue J, Johnson RM, Patel N, Zhou B, Maciejewski S, Foreman B, Zhou H, Portnoff AD, Tian JH, Rehman A, McGrath ME, Haupt RE, Weston SM, Baracco L, Hammond H, Guebre-Xabier M, Dillen C, Madhangi M, Greene AM, Massare MJ, Glenn GM, Smith G, Frieman MB. Immunogenicity and protection of a variant nanoparticle vaccine that confers broad neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1130. [PMID: 36854666 PMCID: PMC9972327 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged with elevated transmission and a higher risk of infection for vaccinated individuals. We demonstrate that a recombinant prefusion-stabilized spike (rS) protein vaccine based on Beta/B.1.351 (rS-Beta) produces a robust anamnestic response in baboons against SARS-CoV-2 variants when given as a booster one year after immunization with NVX-CoV2373. Additionally, rS-Beta is highly immunogenic in mice and produces neutralizing antibodies against WA1/2020, Beta/B.1.351, and Omicron/BA.1. Mice vaccinated with two doses of Novavax prototype NVX-CoV2373 (rS-WU1) or rS-Beta alone, in combination, or heterologous prime-boost, are protected from challenge. Virus titer is undetectable in lungs in all vaccinated mice, and Th1-skewed cellular responses are observed. We tested sera from a panel of variant spike protein vaccines and find broad neutralization and inhibition of spike:ACE2 binding from the rS-Beta and rS-Delta vaccines against a variety of variants including Omicron. This study demonstrates that rS-Beta vaccine alone or in combination with rS-WU1 induces antibody-and cell-mediated responses that are protective against challenge with SARS-CoV-2 variants and offers broader neutralizing capacity than a rS-WU1 prime/boost regimen alone. Together, these nonhuman primate and murine data suggest a Beta variant booster dose could elicit a broad immune response to fight new and future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Logue
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Pathogen Research, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Robert M Johnson
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Pathogen Research, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Nita Patel
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Bin Zhou
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | | | - Bryant Foreman
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Haixia Zhou
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | | | - Jing-Hui Tian
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Asma Rehman
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Marisa E McGrath
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Pathogen Research, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Robert E Haupt
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Pathogen Research, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Stuart M Weston
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Pathogen Research, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lauren Baracco
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Pathogen Research, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Holly Hammond
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Pathogen Research, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 1164, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Carly Dillen
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Pathogen Research, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - M Madhangi
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Ann M Greene
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | | | - Greg M Glenn
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Gale Smith
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Matthew B Frieman
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Center for Pathogen Research, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lin FJ, Doss AMA, Davis-Adams HG, Adams LJ, Hanson CH, VanBlargan LA, Liang CY, Chen RE, Monroy JM, Wedner HJ, Kulczycki A, Mantia TL, O’Shaughnessy CC, Raju S, Zhao FR, Rizzi E, Rigell CJ, Dy TB, Kau AL, Ren Z, Turner JS, O’Halloran JA, Presti RM, Fremont DH, Kendall PL, Ellebedy AH, Mudd PA, Diamond MS, Zimmerman O, Laidlaw BJ. SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination rescues attenuated IgG1 memory B cell response in primary antibody deficiency patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1033770. [PMID: 36618402 PMCID: PMC9817149 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have proven effective in eliciting a protective immune response in healthy individuals, their ability to induce a durable immune response in immunocompromised individuals remains poorly understood. Primary antibody deficiency (PAD) syndromes are among the most common primary immunodeficiency disorders in adults and are characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and impaired ability to mount robust antibody responses following infection or vaccination. Methods Here, we present an analysis of both the B and T cell response in a prospective cohort of 30 individuals with PAD up to 150 days following initial COVID-19 vaccination and 150 days post mRNA booster vaccination. Results After the primary vaccination series, many of the individuals with PAD syndromes mounted SARS-CoV-2 specific memory B and CD4+ T cell responses that overall were comparable to healthy individuals. Nonetheless, individuals with PAD syndromes had reduced IgG1+ and CD11c+ memory B cell responses following the primary vaccination series, with the defect in IgG1 class-switching rescued following mRNA booster doses. Boosting also elicited an increase in the SARS-CoV-2-specific B and T cell response and the development of Omicron-specific memory B cells in COVID-19-naïve PAD patients. Individuals that lacked detectable B cell responses following primary vaccination did not benefit from booster vaccination. Conclusion Together, these data indicate that SARS-CoV-2 vaccines elicit memory B and T cells in most PAD patients and highlights the importance of booster vaccination in immunodeficient individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank J. Lin
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - Hannah G. Davis-Adams
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Lucas J. Adams
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Christopher H. Hanson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Laura A. VanBlargan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Chieh-Yu Liang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Rita E. Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jennifer Marie Monroy
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - H. James Wedner
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Anthony Kulczycki
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tarisa L. Mantia
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - Saravanan Raju
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Fang R. Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Elise Rizzi
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Christopher J. Rigell
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tiffany Biason Dy
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Andrew L. Kau
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Zhen Ren
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jackson S. Turner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jane A. O’Halloran
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Rachel M. Presti
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Daved H. Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Peggy L. Kendall
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ali H. Ellebedy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology & Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Philip A. Mudd
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology & Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ofer Zimmerman
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Brian J. Laidlaw
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Adiguzel Y, Shoenfeld Y. Shared 6mer Peptides of Human and Omicron (21K and 21L) at SARS-CoV-2 Mutation Sites. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:68. [PMID: 36412834 PMCID: PMC9680445 DOI: 10.3390/antib11040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the short sequences involving Omicron 21K and Omicron 21L variants to reveal any possible molecular mimicry-associated autoimmunity risks and changes in those. We first identified common 6mers of the viral and human protein sequences present for both the mutant (Omicron) and nonmutant (SARS-CoV-2) versions of the same viral sequence and then predicted the binding affinities of those sequences to the HLA supertype representatives. We evaluated change in the potential autoimmunity risk, through comparative assessment of the nonmutant and mutant viral sequences and their similar human peptides with common 6mers and affinities to the same HLA allele. This change is the lost and the new, or de novo, autoimmunity risk, associated with the mutations in the Omicron 21K and Omicron 21L variants. Accordingly, e.g., the affinity of virus-similar sequences of the Ig heavy chain junction regions shifted from the HLA-B*15:01 to the HLA-A*01:01 allele at the mutant sequences. Additionally, peptides of different human proteins sharing 6mers with SARS-CoV-2 proteins at the mutation sites of interest and with affinities to the HLA-B*07:02 allele, such as the respective SARS-CoV-2 sequences, were lost. Among all, any possible molecular mimicry-associated novel risk appeared to be prominent in HLA-A*24:02 and HLA-B*27:05 serotypes upon infection with Omicron 21L. Associated disease, pathway, and tissue expression data supported possible new risks for the HLA-B*27:05 and HLA-A*01:01 serotypes, while the risks for the HLA-B*07:02 serotypes could have been lost or diminished, and those for the HLA-A*03:01 serotypes could have been retained, for the individuals infected with Omicron variants under study. These are likely to affect the complications related to cross-reactions influencing the relevant HLA serotypes upon infection with Omicron 21K and Omicron 21L.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yekbun Adiguzel
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Atilim University, Ankara 06830, Turkey
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Duan Q, Hu T, Zhu Q, Jin X, Chi F, Chen X. How far are the new wave of mRNA drugs from us? mRNA product current perspective and future development. Front Immunol 2022; 13:974433. [PMID: 36172353 PMCID: PMC9510989 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.974433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
mRNA products are therapies that are regulated from the post-transcriptional, pre-translational stage of a gene and act upstream of protein synthesis. Compared with traditional small molecule drugs and antibody drugs, mRNA drugs had the advantages of simple design, short development cycle, strong target specificity, wide therapeutic field, and long-lasting effect. mRNA drugs were now widely used in the treatment of genetic diseases, tumors, and viral infections, and are expected to become the third major class of drugs after small molecule drugs and antibody drugs. The delivery system technology was the key to ensuring the efficacy and safety of mRNA drugs, which plays an important role in protecting RNA structure, enhancing targeting ability, reducing the dose of drug delivery, and reducing toxic side effects. Lipid nanoparticles (LNP) were the most common delivery system for mRNA drugs. In recent years, mRNA drugs have seen rapid development, with the number of drugs on the market increasing each year. The success of commercializing mRNA vaccines has driven a wave of nucleic acid drug development. mRNA drugs were clinically used in genetic diseases, oncology, and infectious diseases worldwide, while domestic mRNA clinical development was focused on COVID-19 vaccines, with more scope for future indication expansion.
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen S, Guan F, Candotti F, Benlagha K, Camara NOS, Herrada AA, James LK, Lei J, Miller H, Kubo M, Ning Q, Liu C. The role of B cells in COVID-19 infection and vaccination. Front Immunol 2022; 13:988536. [PMID: 36110861 PMCID: PMC9468879 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.988536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells secrete antibodies and mediate the humoral immune response, making them extremely important in protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2, which caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this review, we summarize the positive function and pathological response of B cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection and re-infection. Then, we structure the immunity responses that B cells mediated in peripheral tissues. Furthermore, we discuss the role of B cells during vaccination including the effectiveness of antibodies and memory B cells, viral evolution mechanisms, and future vaccine development. This review might help medical workers and researchers to have a better understanding of the interaction between B cells and SARS-CoV-2 and broaden their vision for future investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiru Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fabio Candotti
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kamel Benlagha
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Laboratory of Human Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andres A. Herrada
- Lymphatic and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Louisa K. James
- Centre for Immunobiology, Bizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heather Miller
- Cytek Biosciences, R&D Clinical Reagents, Fremont, CA, United States
| | - Masato Kubo
- Laboratory for Cytokine Regulation, Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS), Rikagaku Kenkyusho, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Qin Ning
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|