1
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Wang S, Zhang W, Yang B, Zhang X, Fang J, Rui H, Chen Z, Gu J, Chen Z, Xu J. A case study of a bispecific antibody manufacturability assessment and optimization during discovery stage and its implications. Antib Ther 2024; 7:189-198. [PMID: 39036070 PMCID: PMC11259756 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The manufacturability assessment and optimization of bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) during the discovery stage are crucial for the success of the drug development process, impacting the speed and cost of advancing such therapeutics to the Investigational New Drug (IND) stage and ultimately to the market. The complexity of bsAbs creates challenges in employing effective evaluation methods to detect developability risks in early discovery stage, and poses difficulties in identifying the root causes and implementing subsequent engineering solutions. This study presents a case of engineering a bsAb that displayed a normal solution appearance during the discovery phase but underwent significant precipitation when subjected to agitation stress during 15 L Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Control (CMC) production Leveraging analytical tools, structural analysis, in silico prediction, and wet-lab validations, the key molecular origins responsible for the observed precipitation were identified and addressed. Sequence engineering to reduce protein surface hydrophobicity and enhance conformational stability proved effective in resolving agitation-induced aggregation. The refined bsAb sequences enabled successful mass production in CMC department. The findings of this case study contribute to the understanding of the fundamental mechanism of agitation-induced aggregation and offer a potential protein engineering procedure for addressing similar issues in bsAb. Furthermore, this case study emphasizes the significance of a close partnership between Discovery and CMC teams. Integrating CMC's rigorous evaluation methods with Discovery's engineering capability can facilitate a streamlined development process for bsAb molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Biologics Innovation Discovery, WuXi Biologics, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201400, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Biologics Innovation Discovery, WuXi Biologics, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201400, China
| | - Baotian Yang
- Biologics Innovation Discovery, WuXi Biologics, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201400, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Downstream Process Development (DSPD), WuXi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Biologics Innovation Discovery, WuXi Biologics, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201400, China
| | - Haopeng Rui
- D3 Bio (Wuxi) Co., Ltd., 1101, 11/F, Building 1, No.6, Lane 38, Yuanshen Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- D3 Bio (Wuxi) Co., Ltd., 1101, 11/F, Building 1, No.6, Lane 38, Yuanshen Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jijie Gu
- Biologics Innovation Discovery, WuXi Biologics, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201400, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- D3 Bio (Wuxi) Co., Ltd., 1101, 11/F, Building 1, No.6, Lane 38, Yuanshen Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Biologics Innovation Discovery, WuXi Biologics, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201400, China
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2
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Griffin VP, Pace S, Ogunyankin MO, Holstein M, Hung J, Dhar P. Understanding the Impact of Combined Hydrodynamic Shear and Interfacial Dilatational Stress, on Interface-Mediated Particle Formation for Monoclonal Antibody Formulations. J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00138-2. [PMID: 38615816 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
During biomanufacturing, several unit operations expose solutions of biologics to multiple stresses, such as hydrodynamic shear forces due to fluid flow and interfacial dilatational stresses due to mechanical agitation or bubble collapse. When these stresses individually act on proteins adsorbed to interfaces, it results in an increase in protein particles in the bulk solution, a phenomenon referred to as interface-induced protein particle formation. However, an understanding of the dominant cause, when multiple stresses are acting simultaneously or sequentially, on interface-induced protein particle formation is limited. In this work, we established a unique set-up using a peristaltic pump and a Langmuir-Pockels trough to study the impact of hydrodynamic shear stress due to pumping and interfacial dilatational stress, on protein particle formation. Our experimental results together demonstrate that for protein solutions subjected to various combinations of stress (i.e., interfacial and hydrodynamic stress in different sequences), surface pressure values during adsorption and when subjected to compression/dilatational stresses, showed no change, suggesting that the interfacial properties of the protein film are not impacted by pumping. The concentration of protein particles is an order of magnitude higher when interfacial dilatational stress is applied at the air-liquid interface, compared to solutions that are only subjected to pumping. Furthermore, the order in which these stresses are applied, have a significant impact on the concentration of protein particles measured in the bulk solution. Together, these studies conclude that for biologics exposed to multiple stresses throughout bioprocessing and manufacturing, exposure to air-liquid interfacial dilatational stress is the predominant mechanism impacting protein particle formation at the interface and in the bulk solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie P Griffin
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15(th) Street, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Samantha Pace
- Department of Drug Product, Department of Discovery Pharmaceutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Lawrence Township, NJ, 08648, USA
| | - Maria Olu Ogunyankin
- Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Melissa Holstein
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., 38 Jackson Road, Devens, MA, 01434, USA
| | - Jessica Hung
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., 38 Jackson Road, Devens, MA, 01434, USA
| | - Prajnaparamita Dhar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15(th) Street, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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3
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Escobar ELN, Vaclaw MC, Lozenski JT, Dhar P. Using Passive Microrheology to Measure the Evolution of the Rheological Properties of NIST mAb Formulations during Adsorption to the Air-Water Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:4789-4800. [PMID: 38379175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The development of novel protein-based therapeutics, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), is often limited due to challenges associated with maintaining the stability of these formulations during manufacturing, storage, and clinical administration. An undesirable consequence of the instability of protein therapeutics is the formation of protein particles. MAbs can adsorb to interfaces and have the potential to undergo partial unfolding as well as to form viscoelastic gels. Further, the viscoelastic properties may be correlated with their aggregation potential. In this work, a passive microrheology technique was used to correlate the evolution of surface adsorption with the evolution of surface rheology of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) mAb reference material (NIST mAb) and interface-induced subvisible protein particle formation. The evolution of the surface adsorption and interfacial shear rheological properties of the NIST mAb was recorded in four formulation conditions: two different buffers (histidine vs phosphate-buffered saline) and two different pHs (6.0 and 7.6). Our results together demonstrate the existence of multiple stages for both surface adsorption and surface rheology, characterized by an induction period that appears to be purely viscous, followed by a sharp increase in protein molecules at the interface when the film rheology is viscoelastic and ultimately a slowdown in the surface adsorption that corresponds to the formation of solid-like or glassy films at the interface. When the transitions between the different stages occurred, they were dependent on the buffer/pH of the formulations. The onset of these transitions can also be correlated to the number of protein particles formed at the interface. Finally, the addition of polysorbate 80, an FDA-approved surfactant used to mitigate protein particle formation, led to the interface being surfactant-dominated, and the resulting interface remained purely viscous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estephanie Laura Nottar Escobar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - M Coleman Vaclaw
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Joseph T Lozenski
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Prajnaparamita Dhar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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4
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Escobar ELN, Griffin VP, Dhar P. Correlating Surface Activity with Interface-Induced Aggregation in a High-Concentration mAb Solution. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1490-1500. [PMID: 38385557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Interface-induced aggregation resulting in protein particle formation is an issue during the manufacturing and storage of protein-based therapeutics. High-concentration formulations of therapeutic proteins are even more prone to protein particle formation due to increased protein-protein interactions. However, the dependence of interface-induced protein particle formation on bulk protein concentration is not understood. Furthermore, the formation of protein particles is often mitigated by the addition of polysorbate-based surfactants. However, the details of surfactant-protein interactions that prevent protein particle formation at high concentrations remain unclear. In this work, a tensiometer technique was used to evaluate the surface pressure of an industrially relevant mAb at different bulk concentrations, and in the absence and presence of a polysorbate-based surfactant, polysorbate 20 (PS20). The adsorption kinetics was correlated with subvisible protein particle formation at the air-water interface and in the bulk protein solution using a microflow imaging technique. Our results showed that, in the absence of any surfactant, the number of subvisible particles in the bulk protein solutions increased linearly with mAb concentration, while the number of protein particles measured at the interface showed a logarithmic dependence on bulk protein concentration. In the presence of surfactants above the critical micelle concentration (CMC), our results for low-concentration mAb solutions (10 mg/mL) showed an interface that is surfactant-dominated, and particle characterization results showed that the addition of the surfactant led to reduced particle formation. In contrast, for the highest concentration (170 mg/mL), coadsorption of proteins and surfactants was observed at the air-water interface, even for surfactant formulations above CMC and the surfactant did not mitigate subvisible particle formation. Our results taken together provide evidence that the ratio between the surfactant and mAb molecules is an important consideration when formulating high-concentration mAb therapeutics to prevent unwanted aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estephanie L N Escobar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Valerie P Griffin
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Prajnaparamita Dhar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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5
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Wozniewski M, Besheer A, Huwyler J, Mahler HC, Levet V, Sediq AS. A Survey on Handling and Administration of Therapeutic Protein Products in German and Swiss Hospitals. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:735-743. [PMID: 37722452 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Protein products in hospitals often have to be compounded before administration to the patient. This may comprise reconstitution of lyophilizates, dilution, storage, and transport. However, the operations for compounding and administration in the hospital may lead to changes in product quality and possibly even impact patient safety. We surveyed healthcare practitioners from three clinical units using a questionnaire and open dialogue to document common procedures and their justification and to document differences in handling procedures. The survey covered dose compounding, transportation, storage and administration. One key observation was that drug vial optimization procedures were used for some products, e.g., use of one single-use vial for several patients. This included the use of spikes and needles or closed system transfer devices (CSTDs). Filters or light protection aids were used only when specified by the manufacturer. A further observation was a different handling of the overfill in pre-filled infusion containers, possibly impacting total dose. Lastly, we documented the complexity of infusion administration setups for administration of multiple drugs. In this case, flushing procedures or the placement and use of filters in the setup vary. Our study has revealed important differences in handling and administration practice. We propose that drug developers and hospitals should collaborate to establish unified handling procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Wozniewski
- Drug Product Services, Lonza AG, Hochbergerstrasse 60G, 4057 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Besheer
- Drug Product Services, Lonza AG, Hochbergerstrasse 60G, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Huwyler
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Vincent Levet
- Drug Product Services, Lonza AG, Hochbergerstrasse 60G, 4057 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Ahmad S Sediq
- Drug Product Services, Lonza AG, Hochbergerstrasse 60G, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
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6
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Dasnoy S, Illartin M, Queffelec J, Nkunku A, Peerboom C. Combined Effect of Shaking Orbit and Vial Orientation on the Agitation-Induced Aggregation of Proteins. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:669-679. [PMID: 37611666 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Orbital shaking in a glass vial is a commonly used forced degradation test to evaluate protein propensity for agitation-induced aggregation. Vial shaking in horizontal orientation has been widely recommended to maximize the air-liquid interface area while ensuring solution contact with the stopper. We evaluated the impact of shaking orbit diameter and frequency, and glass vial orientation (horizontal versus vertical) on the aggregation of three proteins prepared in surfactant-free formulation buffers. As soon as an orbit-specific frequency threshold was reached, an increase in turbidity was observed for the three proteins in vertical orientation only when using a 3 mm agitation orbit, and in horizontal orientation only when using a 30 mm agitation orbit. Orthogonal analyses confirmed turbidity was linked to protein aggregation. The most turbid samples had a visually more homogeneous appearance in vertical than in horizontal orientation, in line with the predicted dispersion of air and liquid phases obtained from computational fluid dynamics agitation simulations. Both shaking orbits were used to assess the performance of nonionic surfactants. We show that the propensity of a protein to aggregate in a vial agitated in horizontal or vertical orientation depends on the shaking orbit, and confirm that Brij® 58 and FM1000 prevent proteins from agitation-induced aggregation at lower concentrations than polysorbate 80.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marion Illartin
- UCB Pharma, Chemin du Foriest, 1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium; Institut Mines-Télécom (IMT) Mines Albi, Allée des Sciences, 81000 Albi, France
| | - Julie Queffelec
- UCB Pharma, Chemin du Foriest, 1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium; Institut Mines-Télécom (IMT) Mines Albi, Allée des Sciences, 81000 Albi, France
| | - Aubrey Nkunku
- UCB Pharma, Chemin du Foriest, 1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium; ALTEN Belgium, Chaussée de Charleroi 112, 1060 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Claude Peerboom
- UCB Pharma, Chemin du Foriest, 1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
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7
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Saurabh S, Zhang Q, Li Z, Seddon JM, Kalonia C, Lu JR, Bresme F. Mechanistic Insights into the Adsorption of Monoclonal Antibodies at the Water/Vapor Interface. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:704-717. [PMID: 38194618 PMCID: PMC10848294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are active components of therapeutic formulations that interact with the water-vapor interface during manufacturing, storage, and administration. Surface adsorption has been demonstrated to mediate antibody aggregation, which leads to a loss of therapeutic efficacy. Controlling mAb adsorption at interfaces requires a deep understanding of the microscopic processes that lead to adsorption and identification of the protein regions that drive mAb surface activity. Here, we report all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the adsorption behavior of a full IgG1-type antibody at the water/vapor interface. We demonstrate that small local changes in the protein structure play a crucial role in promoting adsorption. Also, interfacial adsorption triggers structural changes in the antibody, potentially contributing to the further enhancement of surface activity. Moreover, we identify key amino acid sequences that determine the adsorption of antibodies at the water-air interface and outline strategies to control the surface activity of these important therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Saurabh
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research
Hub Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Qinkun Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research
Hub Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Zongyi Li
- Biological
Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science
and Engineering, the University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - John M. Seddon
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research
Hub Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Cavan Kalonia
- Dosage
Form Design and Development, BioPharmaceutical Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Jian R. Lu
- Biological
Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science
and Engineering, the University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Fernando Bresme
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research
Hub Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
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8
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King TE, Humphrey JR, Laughton CA, Thomas NR, Hirst JD. Optimizing Excipient Properties to Prevent Aggregation in Biopharmaceutical Formulations. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:265-275. [PMID: 38113509 PMCID: PMC10777730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Excipients are included within protein biotherapeutic solution formulations to improve colloidal and conformational stability but are generally not designed for the specific purpose of preventing aggregation and improving cryoprotection in solution. In this work, we have explored the relationship between the structure and antiaggregation activity of excipients by utilizing coarse-grained molecular dynamics modeling of protein-excipient interaction. We have studied human serum albumin as a model protein, and we report the interaction of 41 excipients (polysorbates, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates, phospholipids, glucosides, amino acids, and others) in terms of the reduction of solvent accessible surface area of aggregation-prone regions, proposed as a mechanism of aggregation prevention. Polyoxyethylene sorbitan had the greatest degree of interaction with aggregation-prone regions, decreasing the solvent accessible surface area of APRs by 20.7 nm2 (40.1%). Physicochemical descriptors generated by Mordred are employed to probe the structure-property relationship using partial least-squares regression. A leave-one-out cross-validated model had a root-mean-square error of prediction of 4.1 nm2 and a mean relative error of prediction of 0.077. Generally, longer molecules with a large number of alcohol-terminated PEG units tended to interact more, with qualitatively different protein interactions, wrapping around the protein. Shorter or less ethoxylated compounds tend to form hemimicellar clusters at the protein surface. We propose that an improved design would feature many short chains of 5 to 10 PEG units in many distinct branches and at least some hydrophobic content in the form of medium-length or greater aliphatic chains (i.e., six or more carbon atoms). The combination of molecular dynamics simulation and quantitative modeling is an important first step in an all-purpose protein-independent model for the computer-aided design of stabilizing excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby E. King
- Biodiscovery
Institute, School of Pharmacy, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | | | - Charles A. Laughton
- Biodiscovery
Institute, School of Pharmacy, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Neil R. Thomas
- Biodiscovery
Institute, School of Chemistry, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
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9
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Hada S, Burlakoti U, Kim KH, Han JS, Kim MJ, Kim NA, Jeong SH. A comprehensive evaluation of arginine and its derivatives as protein formulation stabilizers. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123545. [PMID: 37871869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Arginine and its derivatives (such as arginine ethyl ester and acetyl arginine) have varying degrees of protein aggregation suppressor effect across different protein solutions. To understand this performance ambiguity, we evaluated the activity of arginine, acetyl arginine, and arginine ethyl ester for aggregation suppressor effect against human intravenous immunoglobulin G (IgG) solution at pH 4.8. Both arginine and its cationic derivative arginine ethyl ester in their hydrochloride salt forms significantly reduced the colloidal and conformational stability (reduced kd and Tm) of IgG. Consequently, the monomer content was decreased with an increase in subvisible particulates after agitation or thermal stress. Furthermore, compared to arginine, arginine ethyl ester with one more cationic charge and hydrochloride salt form readily precipitated IgG at temperatures higher than 25 °C. On the contrary, acetyl arginine, which mostly exists in a neutral state at pH 4.8, efficiently suppressed the formation of subvisible particles retaining a high amount of monomer owing to its higher colloidal and conformational stability. Concisely, the charged state of additives significantly impacts protein stability. This study demonstrated that contrary to popular belief, arginine and its derivatives may either enhance or suppress protein aggregation depending on their net charge and concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shavron Hada
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Urmila Burlakoti
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Soo Han
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nam Ah Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong Hoon Jeong
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Wood C, Razinkov VI, Qi W, Roberts CJ, Vermant J, Furst EM. Antibodies Adsorbed to the Air-Water Interface Form Soft Glasses. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:7775-7782. [PMID: 37222141 PMCID: PMC10249626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
When monoclonal antibodies are exposed to an air-water interface, they form aggregates, which negatively impacts their performance. Until now, the detection and characterization of interfacial aggregation have been difficult. Here, we exploit the mechanical response imparted by interfacial adsorption by measuring the interfacial shear rheology of a model antibody, anti-streptavidin immunoglobulin-1 (AS-IgG1), at the air-water interface. Strong viscoelastic layers of AS-IgG1 form when the protein is adsorbed from the bulk solution. Creep experiments correlate the compliance of the interfacial protein layer with the subphase solution pH and bulk concentration. These, along with oscillatory strain amplitude and frequency sweeps, show that the viscoelastic behavior of the adsorbed layers is that of a soft glass with interfacial shear moduli on the order of 10-3 Pa m. Shifting the creep compliance curves under different applied stresses forms master curves consistent with stress-time superposition of soft interfacial glasses. The interfacial rheology results are discussed in the context of the interface-mediated aggregation of AS-IgG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin
V. Wood
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Allan P. Colburn Laboratory, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Vladimir I. Razinkov
- Drug
Product Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Wei Qi
- Drug
Product Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Christopher J. Roberts
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Allan P. Colburn Laboratory, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jan Vermant
- Department
of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Eric M. Furst
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Allan P. Colburn Laboratory, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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11
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Hada S, Ji S, Na Lee Y, Hyun Kim K, Maharjan R, Ah Kim N, Rantanen J, Hoon Jeong S. Comparative study between a gravity-based and peristaltic pump for intravenous infusion with respect to generation of proteinaceous microparticles. Int J Pharm 2023:123091. [PMID: 37268032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Subvisible particles generated during the preparation or administration of biopharmaceuticals might increase the risk of immunogenicity, inflammation, or organ dysfunction. To investigate the impact of an infusion system on the level of subvisible particles, we compared two types of infusion set based on peristaltic movement (Medifusion DI-2000 pump) and a gravity-based infusion system (Accu-Drip) using intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) as a model drug. The peristaltic pump was found to be more susceptible to particle generation compared to the gravity infusion set owing to the stress generated due to constant peristaltic motion. Moreover, the 5-µm in-line filter integrated into the tubing of the gravity-based infusion set further contributed to the reduction of particles mostly in the range ≥ 10 µm. Furthermore, the filter was also able to maintain the particle level even after the pre-exposure of samples to silicone oil lubricated syringes, drop shock, or agitation. Overall, this study suggests the need for the selection of an appropriate infusion set equipped with an in-line filter based on the sensitivity of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shavron Hada
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunkyong Ji
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ye Na Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ravi Maharjan
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nam Ah Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Seong Hoon Jeong
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Zhong X, Veilleux JC, Shi GH, Collins DS, Vlachos P, Ardekani AM. Hydrodynamic considerations for spring-driven autoinjector design. Int J Pharm 2023; 640:122975. [PMID: 37116602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, significant progress has been made in the studies of the spring-driven autoinjector, leading to an improved understanding of this device and its interactions with tissue and therapeutic proteins. The development of simulation tools that have been validated against experiments has also enhanced the prediction of the performance of spring-driven autoinjectors. This paper aims to address critical hydrodynamic considerations that impact the design of spring-driven autoinjectors, with a specific emphasis on sloshing and cavitation. Additionally, we present a framework that integrates simulation tools to predict the performance of spring-driven autoinjectors and optimize their design. This work is valuable to the pharmaceutic industry, as it provides crucial insights into the development of spring-driven autoinjectors and therapeutic proteins. This work can also enhance the efficacy and safety of the delivery of therapeutic proteins, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Zhong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States
| | | | | | - David S Collins
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46225, United States
| | - Pavlos Vlachos
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States
| | - Arezoo M Ardekani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States.
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13
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Vaclaw C, Merritt K, Griffin VP, Whitaker N, Gokhale M, Volkin DB, Ogunyankin MO, Dhar P. Comparison of Protein Particle Formation in IgG1 mAbs Formulated with PS20 Vs. PS80 When Subjected to Interfacial Dilatational Stress. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:104. [PMID: 37081185 PMCID: PMC10118229 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysorbates (PS) are nonionic surfactants that are commonly included in protein formulations to mitigate the formation of interfacial stress-induced protein particles and thus increase their long-term storage stability. Nonetheless, factors that dictate the efficiency of different polysorbates in mitigating protein particle formation, especially during the application of interfacial stresses, are often ill defined. Here, we used a Langmuir trough to determine the surface activity of two IgG1 monoclonal antibodies formulated with two different polysorbates (PS20 and PS80) when subjected to interfacial dilatational stress. Interfacial properties of these formulations were then correlated with characterization of subvisible protein particles measured by micro-flow imaging (MFI). Both mAbs, when formulated in PS20, demonstrate faster adsorption kinetics and higher surface activity compared to PS80 or surfactant-free formulations. Compression/expansion results suggest that when exposed to interfacial dilatational stresses, both mAb/PS20 formulations display interfacial properties of PS20 alone. In contrast, interfacial properties of both mAb/PS80 formulations suggest mAbs and PS80 are co-adsorbed to the air-water interface. Further, MFI analysis of the interface and the bulk solution confirms that PS20 is more effective than PS80 at mitigating the formation of larger particles in the bulk solution in both mAbs. Concomitantly, the efficiency of PS to prevent interface-induced protein particle formation also depended on the protein's inherent tendency to aggregate at a surfactant-free interface. Together, the studies presented here highlight the importance of determining the interfacial properties of mAbs, surfactants, and their combinations to make informed formulation decisions about the choice of surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coleman Vaclaw
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
- Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Kimberly Merritt
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
- Hill's Pet Nutrition, Emporia, Kansas, USA
| | - Valerie P Griffin
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
| | - Neal Whitaker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas, 66047, USA
- Sparks Therapeutics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Madhushree Gokhale
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas, 66047, USA
| | - Maria O Ogunyankin
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
| | - Prajnaparamita Dhar
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA.
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14
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Ruane S, Li Z, Hollowell P, Hughes A, Warwicker J, Webster JRP, van der Walle CF, Kalonia C, Lu JR. Investigating the Orientation of an Interfacially Adsorbed Monoclonal Antibody and Its Fragments Using Neutron Reflection. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:1643-1656. [PMID: 36795985 PMCID: PMC9996827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial adsorption is a molecular process occurring during the production, purification, transport, and storage of antibodies, with a direct impact on their structural stability and subsequent implications on their bioactivities. While the average conformational orientation of an adsorbed protein can be readily determined, its associated structures are more complex to characterize. Neutron reflection has been used in this work to investigate the conformational orientations of the monoclonal antibody COE-3 and its Fab and Fc fragments at the oil/water and air/water interfaces. Rigid body rotation modeling was found to be suitable for globular and relatively rigid proteins such as the Fab and Fc fragments but less so for relatively flexible proteins such as full COE-3. Fab and Fc fragments adopted a 'flat-on' orientation at the air/water interface, minimizing the thickness of the protein layer, but they adopted a substantially tilted orientation at the oil/water interface with increased layer thickness. In contrast, COE-3 was found to adsorb in tilted orientations at both interfaces, with one fragment protruding into the solution. This work demonstrates that rigid-body modeling can provide additional insights into protein layers at various interfaces relevant to bioprocess engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Ruane
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Zongyi Li
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Peter Hollowell
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Arwel Hughes
- ISIS Neutron Facility, STFC, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QZ, U.K
| | - Jim Warwicker
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | | | | | - Cavan Kalonia
- Dosage Form Design and Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Jian R Lu
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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15
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Steps toward nebulization in-use studies to understand the stability of new biological entities. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103461. [PMID: 36455828 PMCID: PMC9770090 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The need for novel biological drugs against respiratory diseases has been highlighted during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The use of inhalation presents challenges to drug product stability, which is especially true for delivery using nebulizers (jet versus mesh technologies). The late-stage process of drug development in the pharmaceutical industry requires the investigation of in-use stability. In-use studies generate data that are guided by the requirements of regulatory authorities for inclusion in the clinical trial application dossier. In this review, I introduce the initial aspects of in-use stability studies during the development of an aerosol formulation to deliver biologics with a nebulizer. Lessons learned from this experience can guide future development and planning for formulation, analytics, material compatibility, nebulization process, and clinical trial preparations.
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16
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Kizuki S, Wang Z, Torisu T, Yamauchi S, Uchiyama S. Relationship between aggregation of therapeutic proteins and agitation parameters: Acceleration and frequency. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:492-505. [PMID: 36167196 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
An increase in protein aggregates during transportation should be suppressed in therapeutic protein products because the aggregates have a potential risk of immunogenicity. In this study, three protein solutions in vials were exposed to tri-axial vibration with various combinations of frequency and acceleration using a transportation test system to investigate the relationship between low g-force stresses and protein aggregate generation. The number concentration of micron aggregates detected by flow imaging analysis increased markedly when the acceleration and frequency of agitation were within a specific range, in other words, above a threshold. This threshold was common among the three protein solutions. The suppression of micron aggregate formation by adding a surfactant suggested that agitation above the threshold increased micron aggregates mainly via interface-mediated routes. Notably, agitation, including agitation below the threshold, accelerated spontaneous oligomerization (nanometer aggregate generation) of proteins in bulk solution even in the presence of the surfactant. Studies of stability against mechanical stresses (e.g., a random vibration test to simulate actual shipment, with a time-compressed setting by increasing acceleration) need to be performed and discussed with careful consideration of the threshold for generating micron aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kizuki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Formulation Research Lab., Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 224-2, Ebisuno, Hiraishi, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, 771-0194, Japan
| | - Zekun Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Torisu
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Satoru Yamauchi
- Business Development Headquarters, ESPEC CORP. 5-2-5, Minamimachi, Kanokodai, Kita-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-1514, Japan
| | - Susumu Uchiyama
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
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17
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Kopp MRG, Grigolato F, Zürcher D, Das TK, Chou D, Wuchner K, Arosio P. Surface-Induced Protein Aggregation and Particle Formation in Biologics: Current Understanding of Mechanisms, Detection and Mitigation Strategies. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:377-385. [PMID: 36223809 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein stability against aggregation is a major quality concern for the production of safe and effective biopharmaceuticals. Amongst the different drivers of protein aggregation, increasing evidence indicates that interactions between proteins and interfaces represent a major risk factor for the formation of protein aggregates in aqueous solutions. Potentially harmful surfaces relevant to biologics manufacturing and storage include air-water and silicone oil-water interfaces as well as materials from different processing units, storage containers, and delivery devices. The impact of some of these surfaces, for instance originating from impurities, can be difficult to predict and control. Moreover, aggregate formation may additionally be complicated by the simultaneous presence of interfacial, hydrodynamic and mechanical stresses, whose contributions may be difficult to deconvolute. As a consequence, it remains difficult to identify the key chemical and physical determinants and define appropriate analytical methods to monitor and predict protein instability at these interfaces. In this review, we first discuss the main mechanisms of surface-induced protein aggregation. We then review the types of contact materials identified as potentially harmful or detected as potential triggers of proteinaceous particle formation in formulations and discuss proposed mitigation strategies. Finally, we present current methods to probe surface-induced instabilities, which represent a starting point towards assays that can be implemented in early-stage screening and formulation development of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie R G Kopp
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fulvio Grigolato
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Zürcher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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18
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Whitaker N, Pace SE, Merritt K, Tadros M, Khossravi M, Deshmukh S, Cheng Y, Joshi SB, Volkin DB, Dhar P. Developability Assessments of Monoclonal Antibody Candidates to Minimize Aggregation During Large-Scale Ultrafiltration and Diafiltration (UF-DF) Processing. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2998-3008. [PMID: 35940242 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins are subjected to a variety of stresses during manufacturing, storage or administration, that often lead to undesired protein aggregation and particle formation. Ultrafiltration-diafiltration (UF-DF) processing of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is one such manufacturing step that has been shown to result in such physical degradation. In this work, we explore the use of different analytical techniques and lab-scale setups as methodologies to predict and rank-order the aggregation potential of four different mAbs during large-scale UF-DF processing. In the first part of the study, a suite of biophysical techniques was applied to assess differences in their inherent bulk protein properties including conformational and colloidal stability in a PBS buffer. Additionally, the inherent interfacial properties of these mAbs in PBS were measured using a Langmuir trough technique. In the next part of the study, several different scale-down lab models were evaluated including a lab bench-scale UF-DF setup, mechanical stress (shaking/stirring) studies in vials, and application of interfacial dilatational stress using a Langmuir trough to assess protein particle formation in different UF-DF processing buffers. Taken together, our results demonstrate the ability of a Langmuir-trough methodology to accurately predict the mAb instability profile observed during large scale UF-DF processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Whitaker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Samantha E Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; Department of Discovery Pharmaceutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Lawrence Township, NJ, 08648, USA
| | - Kimberly Merritt
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15(th) Street, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Madeleine Tadros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Mehrnaz Khossravi
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Smeet Deshmukh
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Discovery Pharmaceutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Lawrence Township, NJ, 08648, USA
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
| | - Prajnaparamita Dhar
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15(th) Street, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15(th) Street, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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19
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Thite NG, Ghazvini S, Wallace N, Feldman N, Calderon CP, Randolph TW. Machine Learning Analysis Provides Insight into Mechanisms of Protein Particle Formation Inside Containers During Mechanical Agitation. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2730-2744. [PMID: 35835184 PMCID: PMC9481670 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Container choice can influence particle generation within protein formulations. Incompatibility between proteins and containers can manifest as increased particle concentrations, shifts in particle size distributions and changes in particle morphology distributions. In this study, flow imaging microscopy (FIM) combined with machine learning-based goodness-of-fit hypothesis testing algorithms were used in accelerated stability studies to investigate the impact of containers on particle formation. Containers in four major container categories subdivided into eleven container types were filled with monoclonal antibody formulations and agitated with and without headspace, producing subvisible particles. Digital images of the particles were recorded using flow imaging microscopy and analyzed with machine learning algorithms. Particle morphology distributions depended on container category and type, revealing differences that would not have been obvious by analysis of particle concentrations or container surface characteristics alone. Additionally, the algorithm was used to compare morphologies of particles generated in containers against those generated using isolated stresses at air-liquid and container-air-liquid interfaces. These comparisons showed that the morphology distributions of particles formed during agitation most closely resemble distributions that result from exposure of proteins to moving triple interface lines at points where container-air-liquid interfaces intersect. The approach described here can be used to identify dominant causes of particle generation due to protein-container interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi G Thite
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Saba Ghazvini
- AstraZeneca Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | | | - Naomi Feldman
- AstraZeneca Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Christopher P Calderon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; Ursa Analytics, Denver, CO 80212, United States
| | - Theodore W Randolph
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
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20
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Real-time imaging of monoclonal antibody film reconstitution after mechanical stress at the air-liquid interface by Brewster angle microscopy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 218:112757. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Impact of Poloxamer 188 Material Attributes on Proteinaceous Visible Particle Formation in Liquid Monoclonal Antibody Formulations. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2191-2200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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22
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A Mechanistic Understanding of Monoclonal Antibody Interfacial Protection by Hydrolytically Degraded Polysorbate 20 and 80 under IV Bag Conditions. Pharm Res 2022; 39:563-575. [PMID: 35277841 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polysorbates (PS) contain polyoxyethylene (POE) sorbitan/isosorbide fatty acid esters that can partially hydrolyze over time in liquid drug products to generate degradants and a remaining intact PS fraction with a modified ester distribution. The degradants are composed of free fatty acids (FFAs) --primarily lauric acid for PS20 and oleic acid for PS80-- and POE head groups. We previously demonstrated that under IV bag agitation conditions, mAb1 (a surface-active IgG4) aggregation increased with increasing amounts of degradants for PS20 but not for PS80. The purpose of this work is to understand the mechanism behind this observation. METHODS The surface tension of the remaining intact PS fraction without degradants was modeled and compared with that of enzymatically degraded PS solutions. Next, mAb1 aggregation in saline was measured in the presence of laurate and oleate salts during static storage. Lastly, colloidal and conformational stability of mAb1 in the presence of these salts was investigated through differential scanning fluorimetry and dynamic light scattering under IV bag solution conditions. RESULTS The surface tension was primarily influenced by FFAs rather than the modified ester distribution of the remaining intact PS. MAb1 bulk aggregation increased in the presence of laurate but not oleate salts. Both salt types increased the melting temperature of mAb1 indicating FFA-mAb1 interactions. However, only laurate salt increased mAb1 self-association potentially explaining the higher aggregation propensity in its presence. CONCLUSION Our results help explain the observed differences between hydrolytically degraded PS20 and PS80 in affecting mAb1 aggregation under IV bag agitation conditions.
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23
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Linkuvienė V, Ross EL, Crawford L, Weiser SE, Man D, Kay S, Kolhe P, Carpenter JF. Effects of transportation of IV bags containing protein formulations via hospital pneumatic tube system: Particle characterization by multiple methods. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:1024-1039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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24
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Pringle V, Merritt K, Vaclaw C, Whitaker N, Volkin DB, Ogunyankin MO, Pace S, Dhar P. Evaluating the combined impact of temperature and application of interfacial dilatational stresses on surface-mediated protein particle formation in monoclonal antibody formulations. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:680-689. [PMID: 34742729 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Formation of submicron and subvisible protein particles (0.1-100 μm) present a major obstacle during processing and storage of therapeutic proteins. While protein aggregation resulting in particle formation is well-understood in bulk solution, the mechanisms of aggregation due to interfacial stresses is less understood. Particularly, in this study, we focus on understanding the combined effect of temperature and application of interfacial dilatational stresses, on interface-induced protein particle formation, using two industrially relevant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The surface activity of Molecule C (MC) and Molecule B (MB) were measured at room temperature (RT) and 4°C in the absence and presence of interfacial dilatation stress using a Langmuir trough. These results were correlated with Micro-flow imaging (MFI) to characterize formation of subvisible protein particles at the interface and in the bulk solution. Our results show that the surface activity for both proteins is temperature dependent. However, the extent of the impact of temperature on the mechanical properties of the monomolecular protein films when subjected to dilatational stresses is protein dependent. Protein particle analysis provided evidence that protein particles formed in bulk solution originate at the interface and are dependent on both application of thermal stresses and interfacial dilatational stresses. In the absence of any interfacial stresses, more and larger protein particles were formed at the interface at RT than at 4°C. When mAb formulations are subjected to interfacial dilatational stresses, protein particle formation in bulk solution was found to be temperature dependent. Together our results validate that mAb solutions maintained at 4°C can lower the surface activity of proteins and reduce their tendency to form interface-induced protein particles both in the absence and presence of interfacial dilatational stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Pringle
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15(th) Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Kimberly Merritt
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15(th) Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Coleman Vaclaw
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15(th) Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Neal Whitaker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
| | - Maria Olu Ogunyankin
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
| | - Samantha Pace
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
| | - Prajnaparamita Dhar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15(th) Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA; Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15(th) Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA.
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25
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Zhang J, He J, Smith KJ. Fatty Acids Can Induce the Formation of Proteinaceous Particles in Monoclonal Antibody Formulations. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:655-662. [PMID: 34666046 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The presence of subvisible or visible particles in mAb formulations can pose significant challenges to pharmaceutical development as it can lead to reduced shelf life, batch rejection, and recalls. Among all type of particles, proteinaceous particles are the most concerning due to their potential role in immunogenicity. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism for protein particle formation remains poorly understood. Past research highlighted the importance of interfaces and mechanical agitation in causing protein particle formation. Current research suggests that fatty acids, as impurities present in excipients or as a result of polysorbate degradation, can also induce protein assembly and promote particle formation. In this work, we assessed oleic and lauric acid for their impact on particle formation as each represents the main hydrolysis product of PS80 or PS20, respectively. It was found that co-existence of either fatty acids with 10 mg/mL mAb A can cause protein particles, with a similar morphology to those observed previously in mAb formulations. FTIR spectra showed that the particles are proteinaceous, heterogeneous in its composition, but contain corresponding fatty acids. Interestingly, it was found that oleic acid is significantly more effective in causing protein particles than lauric acid in these experiments. This suggests that PS20 containing formulations might have a lower likelihood to have protein particles compared to PS80 containing mAb formulations if hydrolysis of polysorbate were to occur. Lastly, the presence of 0.01% polysorbate in the mAb A formulation was able to fully mitigate the effect of fatty acids and reduce the protein particles significantly, suggesting a potential mechanism where interfacial action is involved. The present study can help to understand the root cause for protein particles in a mAb formulation where fatty acids are introduced because of polysorbate hydrolysis. With further work, it will help to shed light into product control strategy as well as design approaches for robust mAb products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiayi He
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
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Clénet D, Clavier L, Strobbe B, Le Bon C, Zoonens M, Saulnier A. Full-length G glycoprotein directly extracted from rabies virus with detergent and then stabilized by amphipols in liquid and freeze-dried forms. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:4317-4330. [PMID: 34297405 PMCID: PMC9291542 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pathogen surface antigens are at the forefront of the viral strategy when invading host organisms. These antigens, including membrane proteins (MPs), are broadly targeted by the host immune response. Obtaining these MPs in a soluble and stable form constitutes a real challenge, regardless of the application purposes (e.g. quantification/characterization assays, diagnosis, and preventive and curative strategies). A rapid process to obtain a native-like antigen by solubilization of a full-length MP directly from a pathogen is reported herein. Rabies virus (RABV) was used as a model for this demonstration and its full-length G glycoprotein (RABV-G) was stabilized with amphipathic polymers, named amphipols (APols). The stability of RABV-G trapped in APol A8-35 (RABV-G/A8-35) was evaluated under different stress conditions (temperature, agitation, and light exposure). RABV-G/A8-35 in liquid form exhibited higher unfolding temperature (+6°C) than in detergent and was demonstrated to be antigenically stable over 1 month at 5°C and 25°C. Kinetic modeling of antigenicity data predicted antigenic stability of RABV-G/A8-35 in a solution of up to 1 year at 5°C. The RABV-G/A8-35 complex formulated in an optimized buffer composition and subsequently freeze-dried displayed long-term stability for 2-years at 5, 25, and 37°C. This study reports for the first time that a natural full-length MP extracted from a virus, complexed to APols and subsequently freeze-dried, displayed long-term antigenic stability, without requiring storage under refrigerated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Clénet
- Bioprocess R&D Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Léna Clavier
- Bioprocess R&D Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Benoît Strobbe
- Bioprocess R&D Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Christel Le Bon
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Manuela Zoonens
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Aure Saulnier
- Bioprocess R&D Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy l'Etoile, France.,Department of Analytical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy l'Etoile, France
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Wood CV, Razinkov VI, Qi W, Furst EM, Roberts CJ. A Rapid, Small-Volume Approach to Evaluate Protein Aggregation at Air-Water Interfaces. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:1083-1092. [PMID: 33271135 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-native protein aggregation is a common concern for biopharmaceuticals. A given protein may aggregate through a variety of mechanisms that depend on solution and physico-chemical stress conditions. A thorough evaluation of aggregation behavior for a protein under all conditions of interest is necessary to ensure drug safety and efficacy. This work introduces a rapid, small-volume approach to evaluate protein aggregation propensity upon exposure to air-water interfaces (AWI). A microtensiometer apparatus is used to aerate a small volume of a protein solution with microbubbles for short periods of time (≤10 s). Sub-visible particles that form are captured and analyzed using backgrounded membrane imaging. This allows one to capture all particles in the solution while being sample sparing. The surface-mediated aggregation of two model monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and a globular protein (aCgn) was tested as a function of pH and temperature. Temperature had a negligible effect under the rapid interface turnover time scales with this technique. Electrostatic protein-protein interactions, mediated by pH changes, were more influential for particle formation via AWI. Nonionic surfactants substantially reduced particle formation for all MAb solutions, but not aCgn. The results are contrasted with expectations when exposing samples to much larger air-water interfacial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin V Wood
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | | | - Wei Qi
- Drug Product Development, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Eric M Furst
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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Vaclaw C, Merritt K, Pringle V, Whitaker N, Gokhale M, Carvalho T, Pan D, Liu Z, Bindra D, Khossravi M, Bolgar M, Volkin DB, Ogunyankin MO, Dhar P. Impact of Polysorbate 80 Grade on the Interfacial Properties and Interfacial Stress Induced Subvisible Particle Formation in Monoclonal Antibodies. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:746-759. [PMID: 32987092 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polysorbate 80 is a nonionic surfactant that is added to therapeutic protein formulations to mitigate protein particle formation when subjected to various mechanical stresses. Variations in the PS80 grade has recently sparked questions surrounding the effect of oleic acid content (OAC) on surfactant's ability to mitigate interface-induced protein particle formation when stressed. In this work, a Langmuir trough was used to apply interfacial dilatational stress to two IgG molecules (mAb1 and mAb2) in formulations containing Chinese pharmacopeia (CP) and multicompendial (MC) grades of PS80. The interfacial properties of these mAb formulations, with and without interfacial dilatational stresses, were correlated with subvisible particle count and particle size/morphology distributions as measured by Micro-flow imaging (MFI). Overall, differences in interfacial properties correlated well with protein particle formation for both molecules in the two PS80 formulations. Further, the impact of grade of PS80 on the interfacial properties and interfacial stress-induced protein particle formation depends on the adsorption kinetics of the IgG molecules as well as the concentration of the surfactant used. This study demonstrates that measuring the interfacial properties of mAb formulations can be a useful tool to predict interfacial stress induced protein particle formation in the presence of different excipients of varying quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coleman Vaclaw
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Kimberly Merritt
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Valerie Pringle
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Neal Whitaker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Madhushree Gokhale
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Thiago Carvalho
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Duohai Pan
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Dilbir Bindra
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Mehrnaz Khossravi
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Mark Bolgar
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Maria O Ogunyankin
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Prajnaparamita Dhar
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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A Review on Mixing-Induced Protein Particle Formation: The Puzzle of Bottom-Mounted Mixers. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:2363-2374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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30
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Recent Advances in Studying Interfacial Adsorption of Bioengineered Monoclonal Antibodies. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092047. [PMID: 32353995 PMCID: PMC7249052 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are an important class of biotherapeutics; as of 2020, dozens are commercialized medicines, over a hundred are in clinical trials, and many more are in preclinical developmental stages. Therapeutic mAbs are sequence modified from the wild type IgG isoforms to varying extents and can have different intrinsic structural stability. For chronic treatments in particular, high concentration (≥ 100 mg/mL) aqueous formulations are often preferred for at-home administration with a syringe-based device. MAbs, like any globular protein, are amphiphilic and readily adsorb to interfaces, potentially causing structural deformation and even unfolding. Desorption of structurally perturbed mAbs is often hypothesized to promote aggregation, potentially leading to the formation of subvisible particles and visible precipitates. Since mAbs are exposed to numerous interfaces during biomanufacturing, storage and administration, many studies have examined mAb adsorption to different interfaces under various mitigation strategies. This review examines recent published literature focusing on adsorption of bioengineered mAbs under well-defined solution and surface conditions. The focus of this review is on understanding adsorption features driven by distinct antibody domains and on recent advances in establishing model interfaces suitable for high resolution surface measurements. Our summary highlights the need to further understand the relationship between mAb interfacial adsorption and desorption, solution aggregation, and product instability during fill-finish, transport, storage and administration.
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Wood CV, McEvoy S, Razinkov VI, Qi W, Furst EM, Roberts CJ. Kinetics and Competing Mechanisms of Antibody Aggregation via Bulk- and Surface-Mediated Pathways. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:1449-1459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kanthe AD, Krause M, Zheng S, Ilott A, Li J, Bu W, Bera MK, Lin B, Maldarelli C, Tu RS. Armoring the Interface with Surfactants to Prevent the Adsorption of Monoclonal Antibodies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:9977-9988. [PMID: 32013386 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry uses surface-active agents (excipients) in protein drug formulations to prevent the aggregation, denaturation, and unwanted immunological response of therapeutic drugs in solution as well as at the air/water interface. However, the mechanism of adsorption, desorption, and aggregation of proteins at the interface in the presence of excipients remains poorly understood. The objective of this work is to explore the molecular-scale competitive adsorption process between surfactant-based excipients and two monoclonal antibody (mAb) proteins, mAb-1 and mAb-2. We use pendant bubble tensiometry to measure the ensemble average adsorption dynamics of mAbs with and without the excipient. The surface tension measurements allow us to quantify the rate at which the molecules "race" to the interface in single-component and mixed systems. These results define the phase space, where coadsorption of both mAbs and excipients occurs onto the air/water interface. In parallel, we use X-ray reflectivity (XR) measurements to understand the molecular-scale dynamics of competitive adsorption, revealing the surface-adsorbed amounts of the antibody and excipient. XR has revealed that at a sufficiently high surface concentration of the excipient, mAb adsorption to the surface and subsurface domains was inhibited. In addition, despite the fact that both mAbs adsorb via a similar mechanistic pathway and with similar dynamics, a key finding is that the competition for the interface directly correlates with the surface activity of the two mAbs, resulting in a fivefold difference in the concentration of the excipient needed to displace the antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit D Kanthe
- Department of Chemical Engineering , The City College of New York , New York , New York 10031 United States
| | - Mary Krause
- Drug Product Science and Technology , Bristol-Myers Squibb , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 United States
| | - Songyan Zheng
- Drug Product Science and Technology , Bristol-Myers Squibb , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 United States
| | - Andrew Ilott
- Drug Product Science and Technology , Bristol-Myers Squibb , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 United States
| | - Jinjiang Li
- Drug Product Science and Technology , Bristol-Myers Squibb , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 United States
| | - Wei Bu
- ChemMatCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Mrinal K Bera
- ChemMatCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Binhua Lin
- ChemMatCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Charles Maldarelli
- Department of Chemical Engineering , The City College of New York , New York , New York 10031 United States
- Levich Institute , The City College of New York , New York , New York 10031 United States
| | - Raymond S Tu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , The City College of New York , New York , New York 10031 United States
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Defante AP, Kalonia CK, Keegan E, Bishop SM, Satish HA, Hudson SD, Santacroce PV. The Impact of the Metal Interface on the Stability and Quality of a Therapeutic Fusion Protein. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:569-578. [PMID: 31917583 PMCID: PMC11025017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Subvisible particle formation, which occurs after the sterile filtration step of the fill/finish process, is a challenge that may occur during the development of biotherapeutics with complex molecular structures. Here, we show that a stainless steel pump head from a rotary piston pump produces more protein aggregates, past the limit of the acceptable quality range for subvisible particle counts, in comparison to a ceramic pump head. The quartz crystal microbalance was used to quantify the primary layer, proteins irreversibly adsorbed at the solid-liquid interface, and the secondary diffuse gel-like layer interacting on top of the primary layer. The results showed that the mass of protein irreversibly adsorbed onto stainless steel sensors is greater than on an aluminum oxide surface (ceramic pump mimic). This suggests that the amount of adsorbed protein plays a role in surface-induced protein aggregation at the solid-liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian P Defante
- Material Measurement Laboratory , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Cavan K Kalonia
- Dosage Form Design and Development , AstraZeneca , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20878 , United States
| | - Emma Keegan
- Dosage Form Design and Development , AstraZeneca , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20878 , United States
| | - Steven M Bishop
- Dosage Form Design and Development , AstraZeneca , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20878 , United States
| | - Hasige A Satish
- Dosage Form Design and Development , AstraZeneca , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20878 , United States
| | - Steven D Hudson
- Material Measurement Laboratory , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Paul V Santacroce
- Dosage Form Design and Development , AstraZeneca , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20878 , United States
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34
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Surfaces Affect Screening Reliability in Formulation Development of Biologics. Pharm Res 2020; 37:27. [PMID: 31907628 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The ability to predict an antibody's propensity for aggregation is particularly important during product development to ensure the quality and safety of therapeutic antibodies. We demonstrate the role of container surfaces on the aggregation process of three mAbs under elevated temperature and long-term storage conditions in the absence of mechanical stress. METHODS A systematic study of aggregation is performed for different proteins, vial material, storage temperature, and presence of surfactant. We use size exclusion chromatography and micro-flow imaging to determine the bulk concentration of aggregates, which we combine with optical and atomic force microscopy of vial surfaces to determine the effect of solid-liquid interfaces on the bulk aggregate concentration under different conditions. RESULTS We show that protein particles under elevated temperature conditions adhere to the vial surfaces, causing a substantial underestimation of aggregation propensity as determined by common methods used in development of biologics. Under actual long-term storage conditions at 5°C, aggregate particles do not adhere to the surface, causing an increase in bulk concentration of particles, which cannot be predicted from elevated temperature screening tests by common methods alone. We also identify specific protein - surface interactions which promote oligomer formation in the nanometre range. CONCLUSIONS Special care should be taken when interpreting size exclusion and particle count data from stability studies if different temperatures and vial types are involved. We propose a novel combination of methods to characterise vial surfaces and bulk solution for a full understanding of protein aggregation processes in a sample.
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35
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Comparison of Polysorbate 80 Hydrolysis and Oxidation on the Aggregation of a Monoclonal Antibody. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:633-639. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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36
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Parameters Influencing Cavitation Within Vials Subjected to Drop Shock. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19210. [PMID: 31844126 PMCID: PMC6915723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry has made improvements to mitigate protein degradation during the drug manufacturing process, storage, and transportation. However, there is less quality control after the manufacturer releases the drug. Previous research has shown that drop shock due to mishandling and accidental dropping of therapeutic vials may cause cavitation, aggregation, and particle formation. In this study, the cavitation behavior of Deionized (DI) water and 10mM L-Histidine buffer solution which were subjected to drop shock by hand dropping were investigated to study the effects of vial materials, solutions, fill volumes, drop heights, and internal vial geometries. A Phantom v7 high-speed camera was used to record images at a rate of 66,700 frames per second of the vials as they underwent drop shock. These videos were then reviewed to find the angle of impact, and to determine if there was cavitation. The results indicate that decreasing fill height by using a smaller fill volume or larger diameter vials were found to mitigate cavitation across drop heights. Secondly, results indicate there is a significant difference between the cavitation behavior of glass and plastic vials, and plastic had more cavitation cases. Lastly, there was not a significant difference in the occurrence of cavitation between DI water and L-Histidine buffer solution.
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37
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Wang W, Ohtake S. Science and art of protein formulation development. Int J Pharm 2019; 568:118505. [PMID: 31306712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein pharmaceuticals have become a significant class of marketed drug products and are expected to grow steadily over the next decade. Development of a commercial protein product is, however, a rather complex process. A critical step in this process is formulation development, enabling the final product configuration. A number of challenges still exist in the formulation development process. This review is intended to discuss these challenges, to illustrate the basic formulation development processes, and to compare the options and strategies in practical formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Biological Development, Bayer USA, LLC, 800 Dwight Way, Berkeley, CA 94710, United States.
| | - Satoshi Ohtake
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Pfizer Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chesterfield, MO 63017, United States
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38
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Li J, Krause ME, Chen X, Cheng Y, Dai W, Hill JJ, Huang M, Jordan S, LaCasse D, Narhi L, Shalaev E, Shieh IC, Thomas JC, Tu R, Zheng S, Zhu L. Interfacial Stress in the Development of Biologics: Fundamental Understanding, Current Practice, and Future Perspective. AAPS J 2019; 21:44. [PMID: 30915582 PMCID: PMC6435788 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0312-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologic products encounter various types of interfacial stress during development, manufacturing, and clinical administration. When proteins come in contact with vapor-liquid, solid-liquid, and liquid-liquid surfaces, these interfaces can significantly impact the protein drug product quality attributes, including formation of visible particles, subvisible particles, or soluble aggregates, or changes in target protein concentration due to adsorption of the molecule to various interfaces. Protein aggregation at interfaces is often accompanied by changes in conformation, as proteins modify their higher order structure in response to interfacial stresses such as hydrophobicity, charge, and mechanical stress. Formation of aggregates may elicit immunogenicity concerns; therefore, it is important to minimize opportunities for aggregation by performing a systematic evaluation of interfacial stress throughout the product development cycle and to develop appropriate mitigation strategies. The purpose of this white paper is to provide an understanding of protein interfacial stability, explore methods to understand interfacial behavior of proteins, then describe current industry approaches to address interfacial stability concerns. Specifically, we will discuss interfacial stresses to which proteins are exposed from drug substance manufacture through clinical administration, as well as the analytical techniques used to evaluate the resulting impact on the stability of the protein. A high-level mechanistic understanding of the relationship between interfacial stress and aggregation will be introduced, as well as some novel techniques for measuring and better understanding the interfacial behavior of proteins. Finally, some best practices in the evaluation and minimization of interfacial stress will be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjiang Li
- Pharmaceutical Development, Wolfe Labs, 19 Presidential Way, Woburn, Massachusetts, 01801, USA.
| | - Mary E Krause
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA.
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Formulation Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, 10591, USA
| | - Weiguo Dai
- Large Molecule Drug Product Development, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Johnson and Johnson, Malvern, Pennsylvania, 19355, USA
| | - John J Hill
- BioProcess Technology Consultants, Woburn, Massachusetts, 01801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Min Huang
- Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, Andover, Massachusetts, 01810, USA
| | - Susan Jordan
- Pharma Excipients, The Dow Chemical Company, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, 19426, USA
| | - Daniel LaCasse
- Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, Andover, Massachusetts, 01810, USA
| | - Linda Narhi
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, 91362, USA
| | - Evgenyi Shalaev
- Pharmaceutical Development, Allergan Inc., Irvine, California, 92612, USA
| | - Ian C Shieh
- Late Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Justin C Thomas
- Bioproduct Research & Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46285, USA
| | - Raymond Tu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The City College of New York-CUNY, New York, New York, 10031, USA
| | - Songyan Zheng
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
| | - Lily Zhu
- Technical Operations, CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
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39
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Krause ME, Sahin E. Chemical and physical instabilities in manufacturing and storage of therapeutic proteins. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 60:159-167. [PMID: 30861476 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Development of a robust biologic drug product is accomplished by extensive formulation and process development screening studies; however, even in the most optimal formulation, a protein can undergo spontaneous degradation during manufacture, storage, and clinical use. Chemical changes to amino acid residues, such as oxidation of methionine or tryptophan, or changes in charge such as deamidation or carbonylation, can induce conformational changes in the overall protein structure, potentially leading to changes in physical - in addition to chemical - stability. Oxidation is often caused by light exposure or the presence of metal ions or peroxides. Asparagine deamidation is more likely to occur at higher pH and/or elevated temperature. Mechanical and interfacial stresses during manufacturing can lead to physical instabilities (i.e. various forms of aggregation). A well-defined manufacturing process and effective in-process controls are essential in minimizing chemical and physical instabilities, enabling robust production and distribution of a safe and efficacious drug product. In this work, the authors provide a review of developments in these areas over the past two years, with emphasis on manufacturability of therapeutically relevant proteins and protein-based drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Krause
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States.
| | - Erinc Sahin
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States
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40
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Xu Y, Wang D, Mason B, Rossomando T, Li N, Liu D, Cheung JK, Xu W, Raghava S, Katiyar A, Nowak C, Xiang T, Dong DD, Sun J, Beck A, Liu H. Structure, heterogeneity and developability assessment of therapeutic antibodies. MAbs 2018; 11:239-264. [PMID: 30543482 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1553476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing attention has been paid to developability assessment with the understanding that thorough evaluation of monoclonal antibody lead candidates at an early stage can avoid delays during late-stage development. The concept of developability is based on the knowledge gained from the successful development of approximately 80 marketed antibody and Fc-fusion protein drug products and from the lessons learned from many failed development programs over the last three decades. Here, we reviewed antibody quality attributes that are critical to development and traditional and state-of-the-art analytical methods to monitor those attributes. Based on our collective experiences, a practical workflow is proposed as a best practice for developability assessment including in silico evaluation, extended characterization and forced degradation using appropriate analytical methods that allow characterization with limited material consumption and fast turnaround time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingda Xu
- a Protein Analytics , Adimab , Lebanon , NH , USA
| | - Dongdong Wang
- b Analytical Department , Bioanalytix, Inc ., Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Bruce Mason
- c Product Characterization , Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc ., New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Tony Rossomando
- c Product Characterization , Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc ., New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Ning Li
- d Analytical Chemistry , Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc ., Tarrytown , NY , USA
| | - Dingjiang Liu
- e Formulation Development , Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc ., Tarrytown , NY , USA
| | - Jason K Cheung
- f Pharmaceutical Sciences , MRL, Merck & Co., Inc ., Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | - Wei Xu
- g Analytical Method Development , MRL, Merck & Co., Inc ., Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | - Smita Raghava
- h Sterile Formulation Sciences , MRL, Merck & Co., Inc ., Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | - Amit Katiyar
- i Analytical Development , Bristol-Myers Squibb , Pennington , NJ , USA
| | - Christine Nowak
- c Product Characterization , Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc ., New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Tao Xiang
- j Manufacturing Sciences , Abbvie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Diane D Dong
- j Manufacturing Sciences , Abbvie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Joanne Sun
- k Product development , Innovent Biologics , Suzhou Industrial Park , China
| | - Alain Beck
- l Analytical chemistry , NBEs, Center d'immunologie Pierre Fabre , St Julien-en-Genevois Cedex , France
| | - Hongcheng Liu
- c Product Characterization , Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc ., New Haven , CT , USA
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41
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Steric Repulsion Forces Contributed by PEGylation of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Reduce Gelation and Aggregation at the Silicone Oil-Water Interface. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:162-172. [PMID: 30395835 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Silicone oil, used as a lubricating coating in pharmaceutical containers, has been implicated as a cause of therapeutic protein aggregation. After adsorbing to silicone oil-water interfaces, proteins may form interfacial gels, which can be transported into solution as insoluble aggregates if the interfaces are perturbed. Mechanical interfacial perturbation of both monomeric recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (rhIL-1ra) and PEGylated rhIL-1ra (PEG rhIL-1ra) in siliconized syringes resulted in losses of soluble monomeric protein. However, the loss of rhIL-1ra was twice that for PEG rhIL-1ra; even though in solution, PEG rhIL-1ra had a lower ΔGunf and exhibited a more perturbed tertiary structure at the interface. Net protein-protein interactions in solution for rhIL-1ra were attractive but increased steric repulsion because of PEGylation led to net repulsive interactions for PEG rhIL-1ra. Attractive interactions for rhIL-1ra were associated with increases in intermolecular β-sheet content at the interface, whereas no intermolecular β-sheet structures were observed for adsorbed PEG rhIL-1ra. rhIL-1ra formed interfacial gels that were 5 times stronger than those formed by PEG rhIL-1ra. Thus, the steric repulsion contributed by the PEGylation resulted in decreased interfacial gelation and in the reduction of aggregation, in spite of the destabilizing effects of PEGylation on the protein's conformational stability.
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42
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Wang W, Roberts CJ. Protein aggregation – Mechanisms, detection, and control. Int J Pharm 2018; 550:251-268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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43
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Nejadnik MR, Randolph TW, Volkin DB, Schöneich C, Carpenter JF, Crommelin DJ, Jiskoot W. Postproduction Handling and Administration of Protein Pharmaceuticals and Potential Instability Issues. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2013-2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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44
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Koepf E, Richert M, Braunschweig B, Schroeder R, Brezesinski G, Friess W. Impact of formulation pH on physicochemical protein characteristics at the liquid-air interface. Int J Pharm 2018; 541:234-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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45
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Protein Nanoparticles Promote Microparticle Formation in Intravenous Immunoglobulin Solutions During Freeze-Thawing and Agitation Stresses. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:1852-1857. [PMID: 29601840 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the potential roles of nanoparticles (<100 nm) and submicron (100-1000 nm) particles in the formation of microparticles (>1000 nm) in protein formulations under some pharmaceutically relevant stress conditions. Exposure of intravenous immunoglobulin solutions to the interface-associated stresses of freeze-thawing or agitation resulted in relatively large increases in microparticle concentrations, which depended directly on the levels of pre-existing nano- and submicron particles. Thus, agglomeration of nanoparticles and submicron particles appears to play a role in microparticle formation under these stresses. In contrast, increases in microparticle concentrations during quiescent incubation at elevated temperatures were independent of the initial nano- and submicron particle concentrations in solution.
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Ambrogelly A, Gozo S, Katiyar A, Dellatore S, Kune Y, Bhat R, Sun J, Li N, Wang D, Nowak C, Neill A, Ponniah G, King C, Mason B, Beck A, Liu H. Analytical comparability study of recombinant monoclonal antibody therapeutics. MAbs 2018; 10:513-538. [PMID: 29513619 PMCID: PMC5973765 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1438797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Process changes are inevitable in the life cycle of recombinant monoclonal antibody therapeutics. Products made using pre- and post-change processes are required to be comparable as demonstrated by comparability studies to qualify for continuous development and commercial supply. Establishment of comparability is a systematic process of gathering and evaluating data based on scientific understanding and clinical experience of the relationship between product quality attributes and their impact on safety and efficacy. This review summarizes the current understanding of various modifications of recombinant monoclonal antibodies. It further outlines the critical steps in designing and executing successful comparability studies to support process changes at different stages of a product's lifecycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Ambrogelly
- Biologics Analytical Operations, Pharmaceutical & Biologics Development, Gilead Sciences, Ocean Ranch Blvd, Oceanside, CA
| | - Stephen Gozo
- Analytical Research & Development-Biologics, Celgene Corporation, Morris Avenue, Summit, NJ
| | - Amit Katiyar
- Analytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington Rocky Road, Pennington, NJ
| | - Shara Dellatore
- Biologics & Vaccines Bioanalytics, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | - Yune Kune
- Fortress Biologicals, Sawyer Road, Suite, Waltham, MA
| | - Ram Bhat
- Millennium Research laboratories, New Boston Street, Woburn, MA
| | - Joanne Sun
- Product Development, Innovent Biologics, Dongping Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, China
| | - Ning Li
- Analytical Chemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Analytical Department, BioAnalytix, Inc., Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA
| | - Christine Nowak
- Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, College Street, New Haven, CT
| | - Alyssa Neill
- Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, College Street, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Cory King
- Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, College Street, New Haven, CT
| | - Bruce Mason
- Pre-formulation, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, College Street, New Haven, CT
| | - Alain Beck
- Analytical Chemistry, NBEs, Center d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, St Julien-en-Genevois Cedex, France
| | - Hongcheng Liu
- Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, College Street, New Haven, CT
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47
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Kalonia CK, Heinrich F, Curtis JE, Raman S, Miller MA, Hudson SD. Protein Adsorption and Layer Formation at the Stainless Steel-Solution Interface Mediates Shear-Induced Particle Formation for an IgG1 Monoclonal Antibody. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1319-1331. [PMID: 29425047 PMCID: PMC5997281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Passage of specific protein solutions through certain pumps, tubing, and/or filling nozzles can result in the production of unwanted subvisible protein particles (SVPs). In this work, surface-mediated SVP formation was investigated. Specifically, the effects of different solid interface materials, interfacial shear rates, and protein concentrations on SVP formation were measured for the National Institute of Standards and Technology monoclonal antibody (NISTmAb), a reference IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb). A stainless steel rotary piston pump was used to identify formulation and process parameters that affect aggregation, and a flow cell (alumina or stainless steel interface) was used to further investigate the effect of different interface materials and/or interfacial shear rates. SVP particles produced were monitored using flow microscopy or flow cytometry. Neutron reflectometry and a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring were used to characterize adsorption and properties of NISTmAb at the stainless steel interface. Pump/shear cell experiments showed that the NISTmAb concentration and interface material had a significant effect on SVP formation, while the effects of interfacial shear rate and passage number were less important. At the higher NISTmAb concentrations, the adsorbed protein became structurally altered at the stainless steel interface. The primary adsorbed layer remained largely undisturbed during flow, suggesting that SVP formation at high NISTmAb concentration was caused by the disruption of patches and/or secondary interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cavan K. Kalonia
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Formulation Sciences Department, MedImmune Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Frank Heinrich
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Joseph E. Curtis
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Sid Raman
- Formulation Sciences Department, MedImmune Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Maria A. Miller
- Formulation Sciences Department, MedImmune Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Steven D. Hudson
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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48
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Notorious but not understood: How liquid-air interfacial stress triggers protein aggregation. Int J Pharm 2018; 537:202-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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49
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The film tells the story: Physical-chemical characteristics of IgG at the liquid-air interface. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 119:396-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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50
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Friability Testing as a New Stress-Stability Assay for Biopharmaceuticals. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2966-2978. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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