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Badruddoza AZM, Moseson DE, Lee HG, Esteghamatian A, Thipsay P. Role of rheology in formulation and process design of hot melt extruded amorphous solid dispersions. Int J Pharm 2024; 664:124651. [PMID: 39218326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Hot melt extrusion (HME) has been widely used as a continuous and highly flexible pharmaceutical manufacturing process for the production of a variety of dosage forms. In particular, HME enables preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) which can improve bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The rheological properties of drug-polymer mixtures can significantly influence the processability of drug formulations via HME and eventually the end-use product properties such as physical stability and drug release. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of various rheological techniques and properties that can be used to evaluate the flow behavior and processability of the drug-polymer mixtures as well as formulation characteristics such as drug-polymer interactions, miscibility/solubility, and plasticization to improve the HME processability. An overview of the thermodynamics and kinetics of ASD processing by HME is also provided, as well as aspects of scale-up and process modeling, highlighting rheological properties on formulation design and process development. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into critical rheological properties which can be used as a predictive tool to optimize the HME processing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Zayed Md Badruddoza
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Small Molecule, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - Dana E Moseson
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Small Molecule, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Hong-Guann Lee
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Small Molecule, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Amir Esteghamatian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Small Molecule, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Priyanka Thipsay
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Small Molecule, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
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2
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Lohmann CA, Bochmann E, Kyeremateng SO. Impact of surfactant raw material variability on extrudate clarity appearance (transparency) in HME continuous manufacturing. Pharm Dev Technol 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38995216 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2378333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The appearance of an extrudate formulation was monitored during hot-melt extrusion (HME) continuous manufacturing over 3 days. The formulation matrix consisted of a polymeric component, copovidone, and a low molecular weight surfactant, polysorbate 80. Based on studies prior to the continuous manufacturing, the desired appearance of the target extrudate is translucent. Although process parameters such as feed rate and screw speed were fixed during the continuous manufacturing, the extrudate appearance changed over time from turbid to translucent. For root-cause investigation, the extrudates were analyzed offline by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and advanced polymer chromatography (APC™). Although the polysorbate 80 content of both turbid and translucent extrudates was within target, the glass transition temperature of the turbid extrudate was 2 °C above expected value. The observed turbidity was traced to lot-to-lot variability of the polysorbate 80 used in the continuous manufacturing, where APC™ analysis revealed that the relative content of the low molecular weight component varied from 23% to 27% in correlation with the evolution from turbid to translucent extrudates. This work stresses the importance of taking feeding material variability into account during continuous manufacturing.
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Trenkenschuh E, Blattner SM, Hirsh D, Hoffmann R, Luebbert C, Schaefer K. Development of Ternary Amorphous Solid Dispersions Manufactured by Hot-Melt Extrusion and Spray-Drying─Comparison of In Vitro and In Vivo Performance. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1309-1320. [PMID: 38345459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Producing amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) by hot-melt extrusion (HME) is favorable from an economic and ecological perspective but also limited to thermostable active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). A potential technology shift from spray-drying to hot-melt extrusion at later stages of drug product development is a desirable goal, however bearing the risk of insufficient comparability of the in vitro and in vivo performance of the final dosage form. Hot-melt extrusion was performed using API/polymer/surfactant mixtures with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) as the polymer and evaluated regarding the extrudability of binary and ternary amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Additionally, spray-dried ASDs were produced, and solid-state properties were compared to the melt-extruded ASDs. Tablets were manufactured of a ternary ASD lead candidate comparing their in vitro dissolution and in vivo performance. The extrudability of HPMCAS was improved by adding a surfactant as plasticizer, thereby lowering the high melt-viscosity. d-α-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) as surfactant showed the most similar solid-state properties between spray-dried and extruded ASDs compared to those of poloxamer 188 and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The addition of TPGS, however, barely affected API/polymer interactions. The in vitro dissolution experiment and in vivo dog study revealed a higher drug release of tablets manufactured from the spray-dried ASD compared to the melt-extruded ASD; this was attributed to the different particle size. We could further demonstrate that the drug release can be controlled by adjusting the particle size of melt-extruded ASDs leading to a similar release profile compared to tablets containing the spray-dried dispersion, which confirmed the feasibility of a technology shift from spray-drying to HME upon drug product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Trenkenschuh
- Pharmaceutical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88400 Biberach/Riß, Germany
| | - Simone M Blattner
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88400 Biberach/Riß, Germany
| | - David Hirsh
- Material and Analytical Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Ragna Hoffmann
- Pharmaceutical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88400 Biberach/Riß, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Schaefer
- Pharmaceutical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88400 Biberach/Riß, Germany
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Patil H, Vemula SK, Narala S, Lakkala P, Munnangi SR, Narala N, Jara MO, Williams RO, Terefe H, Repka MA. Hot-Melt Extrusion: from Theory to Application in Pharmaceutical Formulation-Where Are We Now? AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:37. [PMID: 38355916 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02749-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Hot-melt extrusion (HME) is a globally recognized, robust, effective technology that enhances the bioavailability of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients and offers an efficient continuous manufacturing process. The twin-screw extruder (TSE) offers an extremely resourceful customizable mixer that is used for continuous compounding and granulation by using different combinations of conveying elements, kneading elements (forward and reverse configuration), and distributive mixing elements. TSE is thus efficiently utilized for dry, wet, or melt granulation not only to manufacture dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, or granule-filled sachets, but also for designing novel formulations such as dry powder inhalers, drying units for granules, nanoextrusion, 3D printing, complexation, and amorphous solid dispersions. Over the past decades, combined academic and pharmaceutical industry collaborations have driven novel innovations for HME technology, which has resulted in a substantial increase in published articles and patents. This article summarizes the challenges and models for executing HME scale-up. Additionally, it covers the benefits of continuous manufacturing, process analytical technology (PAT) considerations, and regulatory requirements. In summary, this well-designed review builds upon our earlier publication, probing deeper into the potential of twin-screw extruders (TSE) for various new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemlata Patil
- Department of Product Development, Catalent Pharma Solutions, 14 Schoolhouse Road, Somerset, New Jersey, 08873, USA
| | - Sateesh Kumar Vemula
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi, 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Sagar Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Preethi Lakkala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Siva Ram Munnangi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Nagarjuna Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Miguel O Jara
- Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Robert O Williams
- Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Hibreniguss Terefe
- Department of Product Development, Catalent Pharma Solutions, 14 Schoolhouse Road, Somerset, New Jersey, 08873, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
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Pluntze A, Beecher S, Anderson M, Wright D, Mudie D. Material-Sparing Feasibility Screening for Hot Melt Extrusion. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:76. [PMID: 38258087 PMCID: PMC10819182 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hot melt extrusion (HME) offers a high-throughput process to manufacture amorphous solid dispersions. A variety of experimental and model-based approaches exist to predict API solubility in polymer melts, but these methods are typically aimed at determining the thermodynamic solubility and do not take into account kinetics of dissolution or the associated degradation of the API during thermal processing, both of which are critical considerations in generating a successful amorphous solid dispersion by HME. This work aims to develop a material-sparing approach for screening manufacturability of a given pharmaceutical API by HME using physically relevant time, temperature, and shear. Piroxicam, ritonavir, and phenytoin were used as model APIs with PVP VA64 as the dispersion polymer. We present a screening flowchart, aided by a simple custom device, that allows rapid formulation screening to predict both achievable API loadings and expected degradation from an HME process. This method has good correlation to processing with a micro compounder, a common HME screening industry standard, but only requires 200 mg of API or less.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Pluntze
- Global Research and Development, Small Molecules, Lonza, 64550 Research Road, Bend, OR 97703, USA (D.M.)
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6
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Budiman A, Lailasari E, Nurani NV, Yunita EN, Anastasya G, Aulia RN, Lestari IN, Subra L, Aulifa DL. Ternary Solid Dispersions: A Review of the Preparation, Characterization, Mechanism of Drug Release, and Physical Stability. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2116. [PMID: 37631330 PMCID: PMC10459848 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with low water solubility has experienced a significant increase in recent years. These APIs present challenges in formulation, particularly for oral dosage forms, despite their considerable therapeutic potential. Therefore, the improvement of solubility has become a major concern for pharmaceutical enterprises to increase the bioavailability of APIs. A promising formulation approach that can effectively improve the dissolution profile and the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs is the utilization of amorphous systems. Numerous formulation methods have been developed to enhance poorly water-soluble drugs through amorphization systems, including co-amorphous formulations, amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs), and the use of mesoporous silica as a carrier. Furthermore, the successful enhancement of certain drugs with poor aqueous solubility through amorphization has led to their incorporation into various commercially available preparations, such as ASDs, where the crystalline structure of APIs is transformed into an amorphous state within a hydrophilic matrix. A novel approach, known as ternary solid dispersions (TSDs), has emerged to address the solubility and bioavailability challenges associated with amorphous drugs. Meanwhile, the introduction of a third component in the ASD and co-amorphous systems has demonstrated the potential to improve performance in terms of solubility, physical stability, and processability. This comprehensive review discusses the preparation and characterization of poorly water-soluble drugs in ternary solid dispersions and their mechanisms of drug release and physical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Budiman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (E.L.); (N.V.N.); (E.N.Y.); (G.A.); (R.N.A.)
| | - Eli Lailasari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (E.L.); (N.V.N.); (E.N.Y.); (G.A.); (R.N.A.)
| | - Neng Vera Nurani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (E.L.); (N.V.N.); (E.N.Y.); (G.A.); (R.N.A.)
| | - Ellen Nathania Yunita
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (E.L.); (N.V.N.); (E.N.Y.); (G.A.); (R.N.A.)
| | - Gracia Anastasya
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (E.L.); (N.V.N.); (E.N.Y.); (G.A.); (R.N.A.)
| | - Rizqa Nurul Aulia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (E.L.); (N.V.N.); (E.N.Y.); (G.A.); (R.N.A.)
| | - Ira Novianty Lestari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (I.N.L.); (D.L.A.)
| | - Laila Subra
- Faculty of Bioeconomic and Health Sciences, Geomatika University College, Kuala Lumpur 54200, Malaysia;
| | - Diah Lia Aulifa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (I.N.L.); (D.L.A.)
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7
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Correa-Soto CE, Gao Y, Indulkar AS, Zhang GGZ, Taylor LS. Release Enhancement by Plasticizer Inclusion for Amorphous Solid Dispersions Containing High T g Drugs. Pharm Res 2023; 40:777-790. [PMID: 36859747 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03483-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Plasticizers are commonly used in the preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) with the main goal of aiding processability; however, to the best of our knowledge, the impact of plasticizers on drug release has not been explored. The goal of this study was to evaluate diverse plasticizers, including glycerol and citrate derivatives, as additives to increase the drug loading where good drug release could be achieved from copovidone (PVPVA)-based dispersions, focusing on high glass transition (Tg) drugs, atazanavir (ATZ) and ledipasvir (LED). METHODS ASDs were prepared using the high Tg compounds, atazanavir (ATZ) and ledipasvir (LED), as model drugs. Release was evaluated using surface normalized dissolution testing. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to measure glass transition temperature and water vapor sorption was performed on select samples. RESULTS The presence of a plasticizer at 5% w/w for ATZ and 10% w/w for LED ASDs, led to improved drug release. For ATZ ASDs, in the absence of plasticizer, release was very poor at drug loadings of 10% w/w and above. Good release was obtained for plasticized ASDs up to a drug loading of 25%. The corresponding improvement for LED was from 5 to 20% DL. Interestingly, for a low Tg compound, ritonavir, relatively smaller improvements in release as a function of drug loading were achieved through plasticizer incorporation. CONCLUSIONS The use of plasticizers represents a potential new strategy to increase drug loading in ASDs for high Tg compounds with a low tendency to crystallize and may help improve a major limitation of ASD formulations, namely the high excipient burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara E Correa-Soto
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Pivotal Drug Product, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Yi Gao
- Development Sciences, Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Anura S Indulkar
- Development Sciences, Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Geoff G Z Zhang
- Development Sciences, Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Wu H, Wang Z, Zhao Y, Gao Y, Wang L, Zhang H, Bu R, Ding Z, Han J. Effect of Different Seed Crystals on the Supersaturation State of Ritonavir Tablets Prepared by Hot-Melt Extrusion. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 185:106440. [PMID: 37004961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Hot-melt extrusion (HME) is a technology increasingly common for the commercial production of pharmaceutical amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs), especially for poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). However, recrystallization of the APIs during dissolution must be prevented to maintain the supersaturation state enabled by ASD. Unfortunately, the amorphous formulation may be contaminated by seed crystals during the HME manufacturing process, which could lead to undesirable crystal growth during the dissolution process. In this study, the dissolution behavior of ritonavir ASD tablets prepared using both Form I and Form II polymorphs was examined, and the effects of different seed crystals on crystal growth rates were investigated. The aim was to understand how the presence of seed crystals can impact the dissolution of ritonavir, and to determine the optimal polymorph and seeding conditions for the production of ASDs. The results showed that both Form I and Form II ritonavir tablets had similar dissolution profiles, which were also similar to the reference listed drug (RLD). However, it was observed that the presence of seed crystals, particularly the metastable Form I seed, led to more precipitation compared to the stable Form II seed in all formulations. The Form I crystals that precipitated from the supersaturated solution were easily dispersed in the solution and could serve as seeds to facilitate crystal growth. On the other hand, Form II crystals tended to grow more slowly and presented as aggregates. The addition of both Form I and Form II seeds could affect their precipitation behaviors, and the amount and form of the seeds had significant effects on the precipitation process of the RLD tablets, as are the tablets prepared with different polymorphs. In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of minimizing the contamination risk of seed crystals during the manufacturing process and selecting the appropriate polymorph for the production of ASDs.
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Hot Melt Extruded Posaconazole-Based Amorphous Solid Dispersions—The Effect of Different Types of Polymers. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030799. [PMID: 36986660 PMCID: PMC10056184 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Four model polymers, representing (i) amorphous homopolymers (Kollidon K30, K30), (ii) amorphous heteropolymers (Kollidon VA64, KVA), (iii) semi-crystalline homopolymers (Parteck MXP, PXP), and (iv) semi-crystalline heteropolymers (Kollicoat IR, KIR), were examined for their effectiveness in creating posaconazole-based amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Posaconazole (POS) is a triazole antifungal drug that has activity against Candida and Aspergillus species, belonging to class II of the biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS). This means that this active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is characterized by solubility-limited bioavailability. Thus, one of the aims of its formulation as an ASD was to improve its aqueous solubility. Investigations were performed into how polymers affected the following characteristics: melting point depression of the API, miscibility and homogeneity with POS, improvement of the amorphous API’s physical stability, melt viscosity (and associated with it, drug loading), extrudability, API content in the extrudate, long term physical stability of the amorphous POS in the binary drug–polymer system (in the form of the extrudate), solubility, and dissolution rate of hot melt extrusion (HME) systems. The obtained results led us to conclude that the physical stability of the POS-based system increases with the increasing amorphousness of the employed excipient. Copolymers, compared to homopolymers, display greater homogeneity of the investigated composition. However, the enhancement in aqueous solubility was significantly higher after utilizing the homopolymeric, compared to the copolymeric, excipients. Considering all of the investigated parameters, the most effective additive in the formation of a POS-based ASD is an amorphous homopolymer—K30.
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Patel NG, Banella S, Serajuddin ATM. Moisture sorption by polymeric excipients commonly used in amorphous solid dispersions and its effect on glass transition temperature: III. Methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate and related copolymers (Eudragit®). Int J Pharm 2023; 636:122745. [PMID: 36822340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Moisture sorption by polymeric carriers used in amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) plays a critical role in the physical stability of the dispersed drug as it can increase molecular mobility of drug in ASD by decreasing the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the drug-polymer system, leading to drug crystallization. The present report describes Part III of a systematic investigation of moisture sorption by different polymers used in ASDs, where the results for four chemically different methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate and related copolymers, namely, Eudragit® EPO, Eudragit® L100-55, Eudragit® L100, and Eudragit® S100, as the function of relative humidity (RH) are presented. Effects of moisture sorption on Tg of the polymers were also determined. Among the polymers, Eudragit® EPO is the least hygroscopic, having absorbed, for example, 1.3% w/w moisture at 25 °C/60% RH, while the three other polymers absorbed 4.7-7.5% w/w moisture at the same condition. The moisture sorption was relatively lower at 40 °C than that at 25 °C. The apparent Tg of polymers decreased with the increase in moisture content; however, Tg values remained higher than the usual storage temperature of ASD (25 °C) even at high RH, indicating that the effect of moisture sorption on the physical stability of ASD could be minimal when these polymers are used in ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirali G Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Sabrina Banella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Abu T M Serajuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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11
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Patel NG, Banella S, Serajuddin ATM. Moisture Sorption by Polymeric Excipients Commonly Used in Amorphous Solid Dispersions and its Effect on Glass Transition Temperature: II. Cellulosic Polymers. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:3114-3129. [PMID: 35921915 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Moisture sorption by polymeric carriers used for the development of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) plays a critical role in the physical stability of dispersed drugs since moisture may decrease glass transition temperature (Tg) and thereby increase molecular mobility of drugs leading to their crystallization. To assist the selection of appropriate polymers for ASDs, we conducted moisture sorption by five types of cellulosic polymers, namely, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HPMCP), and ethyl cellulose (EC), as functions of relative humidity (10 to 90% RH) and temperature (25 and 40 °C). The moisture sorption was in the order of HPC>HPMC>HPMCP>HPMCAS>EC, and there was no significant effect of the molecular weights of polymers on moisture uptake. There was also less moisture sorption at 40 °C than that at 25 °C. Glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the polymers decreased with the increase in moisture content. However, the plasticizing effect by moisture on HPC could not be determined fully since, despite being amorphous, there were very little baseline shifts in DSC scans. There was also very shallow baseline shift for HPMC at >1% moisture content. In contrast, Tg of HPMCAS and HPMCP decreased in general agreement with the Gordon-Taylor/Kelley-Bueche equation, and EC was semicrystalline having both Tg and melting endotherm, with only minor effect of moisture on Tg. The results of the present investigation would lead to a systematic selection of polymeric carriers for ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirali G Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Sabrina Banella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Abu T M Serajuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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12
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Role of surfactants in improving release from higher drug loading amorphous solid dispersions. Int J Pharm 2022; 625:122120. [PMID: 35987321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion formulations (ASD) are increasingly being used as a formulation strategy to improve bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. One of the limitations of ASDs, in particular for high glass transition temperature (Tg) compounds, is the drug loading threshold (termed the limit of congruency, LoC) below which rapid, complete and congruent release of drug and polymer is achieved. In this study, several ionic and non-ionic surfactants were added to atazanavir-copovidone ASDs with the main goal of increasing the limit of congruency. Atazanavir (ATZ) is a relatively high Tg compound with a LoC of 5 % drug loading (DL). Surface normalized dissolution studies revealed that addition of 5 % w/w of surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or cetrimonium bromide (CTAB), to the binary copovidone-based ASD doubled the LoC (from 5 to 10 % DL), resulting in a more than 30-fold increase in total release compared to the corresponding binary ASD. Moreover, addition of 5 % of Span®80 increased the LoC to 15 % DL. ASD Tg was found to decrease upon addition of surfactants and water sorption extent was found to increase. We speculate that surfactants act as plasticizers, which may facilitate polymer release from ASDs containing a high Tg drug, providing a possible explanation for the observed enhancement in drug release from ternary ASDs and the increase in LoC.
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13
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Sarabu S, Butreddy A, Bandari S, Batra A, Lawal K, Chen NN, Kogan M, Bi V, Durig T, Repka MA. Preliminary investigation of peroxide levels of Plasdone™ copovidones on the purity of atorvastatin calcium amorphous solid dispersions: Impact of plasticizers on hot melt extrusion processability. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Indulkar AS, Lou X, Zhang GGZ, Taylor LS. Role of Surfactants on Release Performance of Amorphous Solid Dispersions of Ritonavir and Copovidone. Pharm Res 2022; 39:381-397. [PMID: 35169959 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand the role of different surfactants, incorporated into amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of ritonavir and copovidone, in terms of their impact on release, phase behavior and stabilization of amorphous precipitates formed following drug release. METHODS Ternary ASDs with ritonavir, copovidone and surfactants (30:70:5 w/w/w) were prepared by rotary evaporation. ASD release performance was tested using Wood's intrinsic dissolution rate apparatus and compared to the binary drug-polymer ASD with 30% drug loading. Size measurement of amorphous droplets was performed using dynamic light scattering. Solid state characterization was performed using attenuated total reflectance-infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS All surfactant-containing ASDs showed improvement over the binary ASD. Span 85 and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) showed complete release with no evidence of AAPS or crystallization whereas Span 20 and Tween 80 showed < 50% release with amorphous amorphous phase separation (AAPS). Span 20 also induced solution crystallization. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) showed very rapid, albeit incomplete (~ 80%) release. AAPS was not observed with SDS. However, crystallization on the dissolving solid surface was noted. Span 20 and TPGS formed the smallest and most size-stable droplets with ~ 1 µm size whereas coalescence was noted with other surfactants. CONCLUSIONS Surfactants improved the release performance relative to the binary ASD. Different surfactant types impacted overall performance to varying extents and affected different attributes. Overall, Span 85 showed best performance (complete release, no crystallization/AAPS and small droplet size). Correlation between physicochemical properties and surfactant performance was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anura S Indulkar
- Drug Product Development, Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xiaochun Lou
- Drug Product Development, Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Geoff G Z Zhang
- Drug Product Development, Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Damle S, Choudhari M, Singhvi G, Saha RN, Dubey SK. Development and Validation of Reverse‐Phase High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Estimation of Itraconazole through Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Acetate Succinate based Polymeric Films using Quality by Design principles. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Damle
- Colorcon Asia Pvt. Ltd. Verna Industrial Estate Verna India
| | - Manisha Choudhari
- Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani India
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Sauer A, Warashina S, Mishra SM, Lesser I, Kirchhöfer K. Downstream processing of spray-dried ASD with hypromellose acetate succinate - Roller compaction and subsequent compression into high ASD load tablets. Int J Pharm X 2021; 3:100099. [PMID: 34765966 PMCID: PMC8569717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2021.100099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite wide commercial application of hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) in spray-dried amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) drug products, little information is available in the references on downstream processing of spray-dried dispersions with HPMCAS. Poor flow and high dilution factor are a challenge in formulating spray-dried ASDs into tablets, leaving little space for other excipients facilitating binding and disintegration. Direct compression is not possible due to the poor powder flow of spray-dried ASDs. Moisture has to be avoided due to the plasticizing properties of water on the ASD, resulting in reduced stability of the amorphous state. Thus, dry granulation by roller compaction and subsequent tablet compression is the preferred downstream process. We report the investigation of downstream processing by roller compaction and tablet compression of a high load formulation with 75% of spray-dried amorphous solid dispersion (Nifedipine:HPMCAS 1:2). A head to head comparison of microcrystalline cellulose/croscarmellose (MCC/cl-NaCMC) as binder/disintegrant vs. MCC and low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC) as excipient for binding and disintegration showed improved re-workability of the formulation with MCC/L-HPC after roller compaction. Upon transfer to the rotary press, a 45% higher tensile strength of tablets is observed after dry granulation with MCC/L-HPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Sauer
- SE Tylose GmbH & Co. KG, Kasteler Str. 45, 65203 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Shogo Warashina
- Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. Ltd, 28-1 Nishifukushima, Kubiki-ku, Joetsu-shi, Niigata, Japan
| | - Saurabh M Mishra
- SE Tylose USA Inc, Pharmaceutical Application Laboratory, Totowa, NJ 07512, USA
| | - Ilja Lesser
- SE Tylose GmbH & Co. KG, Kasteler Str. 45, 65203 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Katja Kirchhöfer
- SE Tylose GmbH & Co. KG, Kasteler Str. 45, 65203 Wiesbaden, Germany
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17
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Polymers in pharmaceutical additive manufacturing: A balancing act between printability and product performance. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113923. [PMID: 34390775 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Materials and manufacturing processes share a common purpose of enabling the pharmaceutical product to perform as intended. This review on the role of polymeric materials in additive manufacturing of oral dosage forms, focuses on the interface between the polymer and key stages of the additive manufacturing process, which determine printability. By systematically clarifying and comparing polymer functional roles and properties for a variety of AM technologies, together with current and emerging techniques to characterize these properties, suggestions are provided to stimulate the use of readily available and sometimes underutilized pharmaceutical polymers in additive manufacturing. We point to emerging characterization techniques and digital tools, which can be harnessed to manage existing trade-offs between the role of polymers in printer compatibility versus product performance. In a rapidly evolving technological space, this serves to trigger the continued development of 3D printers to suit a broader variety of polymers for widespread applications of pharmaceutical additive manufacturing.
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18
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Tsiaxerli A, Karagianni A, Ouranidis A, Kachrimanis K. Polyelectrolyte Matrices in the Modulation of Intermolecular Electrostatic Interactions for Amorphous Solid Dispersions: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091467. [PMID: 34575543 PMCID: PMC8468962 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte polymers have been widely used in the pharmaceutical field as excipients to facilitate various drug delivery systems. Polyelectrolytes have been used to modulate the electrostatic environment and enhance favorable interactions between the drug and the polymer in amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) prepared mainly by hot-melt extrusion. Polyelectrolytes have been used alone, or in combination with nonionic polymers as interpolyelectrolyte complexes, or after the addition of small molecular additives. They were found to enhance physical stability by favoring stabilizing intermolecular interactions, as well as to exert an antiplasticizing effect. Moreover, they not only enhance drug dissolution, but they have also been used for maintaining supersaturation, especially in the case of weakly basic drugs that tend to precipitate in the intestine. Additional uses include controlled and/or targeted drug release with enhanced physical stability and ease of preparation via novel continuous processes. Polyelectrolyte matrices, used along with scalable manufacturing methods in accordance with green chemistry principles, emerge as an attractive viable alternative for the preparation of ASDs with improved physical stability and biopharmaceutic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Tsiaxerli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (A.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Anna Karagianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (A.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Andreas Ouranidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (A.K.); (A.O.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Kachrimanis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (A.K.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-997666
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19
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Statistical design of experiment-based formulation development and optimization of 3D printed oral controlled release drug delivery with multi target product profile. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-021-00542-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Borde S, Paul SK, Chauhan H. Ternary solid dispersions: classification and formulation considerations. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:1011-1028. [PMID: 33818224 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1908342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The number of active pharmaceutical compounds from the biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) belonging to Class II and IV have significantly increased in recent years. These compounds have high therapeutic potential but are difficult to formulate as oral dosage forms due to their poor aqueous solubility. The solubility and bioavailability of these poorly water-soluble compounds can be increased by various formulation approaches, such as amorphous solid dispersions (ASD), salt formation, complexations, etc. Out of these techniques, the ASD approach, where compounds are converted into amorphous form and embedded in the hydrophilic matrix, have been successfully used in many marketed preparations. The recent advancement of this ASD approach is the design of ternary solid dispersions (TSD), where an additional component is added to further improve their performance in terms of solubility, stability, and processability. This review discusses the classification, mechanism of performance improvement, preparation techniques, and characterizations for TSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambhavi Borde
- School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sagar Kumar Paul
- School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Harsh Chauhan
- School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
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21
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Zhu W, Fan W, Zhang X, Gao M. Sustained-Release Solid Dispersion of High-Melting-Point and Insoluble Resveratrol Prepared through Hot Melt Extrusion to Improve Its Solubility and Bioavailability. Molecules 2021; 26:4982. [PMID: 34443569 PMCID: PMC8400122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to prepare a sustained-release solid dispersion of poorly water-soluble resveratrol (RES) with high melting point in a single hot melt extrusion step. A hydrophobic-hydrophilic polymeric blend (Eudragit RS and PEG6000) was used to control the release of RES. With the dispersive mixing and high shear forces of hot melt extrusion, the thermodynamic properties and dispersion of RES were changed to improve its solubility. The effects of the formulation were investigated through univariate analysis to optimize the preparation of the sustained-release solid dispersion. In vitro and in vivo studies were performed to evaluate the prepared RES/RS/PEG6000 sustained-release solid dispersion. The physical state of the solid dispersion was characterized using differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Surface properties of the dispersion were visualized using scanning electron microscopy, and the chemical interaction between RES and excipients was detected through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Results suggested that the optimized sustained-release solid dispersion was obtained when the mass ratio of RES-polymeric blend was 1:5, the ratio of PEG6000 was 35%, the barrel temperature was 170 °C, and the screw speed was 80 rpm. In vitro studies demonstrated that the solid dispersion showed a good sustained release effect. The cumulative release of RES reached 82.42% until 12 h and was fit by the Weibull model. In addition, the saturated solubility was 2.28 times higher than that of the bulk RES. In vitro studies demonstrated that the half-life increased from 3.78 to 7.09 h, and the bioavailability improved to 140.38%. The crystalline RES was transformed into the amorphous one, and RES was highly dispersed in the polymeric blend matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhu
- Laboratory of Pharmacy Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (W.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.G.)
| | - Wenling Fan
- Laboratory of Pharmacy Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (W.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.G.)
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Laboratory of Pharmacy Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (W.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.G.)
| | - Meiqi Gao
- Laboratory of Pharmacy Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (W.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.G.)
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22
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Borandeh S, van Bochove B, Teotia A, Seppälä J. Polymeric drug delivery systems by additive manufacturing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:349-373. [PMID: 33831477 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is gaining interests in drug delivery applications, offering innovative opportunities for the design and development of systems with complex geometry and programmed controlled release profile. In addition, polymer-based drug delivery systems can improve drug safety, efficacy, patient compliance, and are the key materials in AM. Therefore, combining AM and polymers can be beneficial to overcome the existing limitations in the development of controlled release drug delivery systems. Considering these advantages, here we are focusing on the recent developments in the field of polymeric drug delivery systems prepared by AM. This review provides a comprehensive overview on a holistic polymer-AM perspective for drug delivery systems with discussion on the materials, properties, design and fabrication techniques and the mechanisms used to achieve a controlled release system. The current challenges and future perspectives for personalized medicine and clinical use of these systems are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Borandeh
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Bas van Bochove
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Arun Teotia
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Jukka Seppälä
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland.
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23
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Bandari S, Nyavanandi D, Dumpa N, Repka MA. Coupling hot melt extrusion and fused deposition modeling: Critical properties for successful performance. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 172:52-63. [PMID: 33571550 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Interest in 3D printing for pharmaceutical applications has increased in recent years. Compared to other 3D printing techniques, hot melt extrusion (HME)-based fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing has been the most extensively investigated for patient-focused dosage. HME technology can be coupled with FDM 3D printing as a continuous manufacturing process. However, the crucial pharmaceutical polymers, formulation and process parameters must be investigated to establish HME-coupled FDM 3D printing. These advancements will lead the way towards developing continuous drug delivery systems for personalized therapy. This brief overview classifies pharmaceutical additive manufacturing, Hot Melt Extrusion, and Fused Deposition Modeling 3D printing techniques with a focus on coupling HME and FDM 3D printing processes. It also provides insights on the critical material properties, process and equipment parameters and limitations of successful HME-coupled FDM systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Bandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Dinesh Nyavanandi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Nagireddy Dumpa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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Tran PHL, Lee BJ, Tran TTD. Recent studies on the processes and formulation impacts in the development of solid dispersions by hot-melt extrusion. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 164:13-19. [PMID: 33887388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Industrial-scale pharmaceutical applications still face many challenges in overcoming the low absorption and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Hot-melt extrusion has emerged as a promising approach with continuous processing on an industrial scale for the preparation of drug delivery systems. Many reviews have mentioned the potential applications, processes, principles and advantages and disadvantages of hot-melt extrusion in the pharmaceutical industry. However, a focus on the recent progress of hot-melt extrusion, which investigates the impacts of processes and formulations of solid dispersions of poorly water-soluble drugs, is missing. In this review, various factors, including polymers, drug properties, additives and surfactants, in solid dispersion SD formulations by hot-melt extrusion will be discussed. Moreover, the effects of the hot-melt extrusion process on the physicochemical properties of solid dispersions will be mentioned. The utilization of molecular interactions in hot-melt extrusion to improve drug stability will also be described. Overall, this summary of recent studies on solid dispersion by hot-melt extrusion will provide perspectives and effectiveness for the development of formulations containing poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong H L Tran
- Deakin University, School of Medicine, IMPACT, Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, Geelong, Australia
| | - Beom-Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Thao T D Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam; The Faculty of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam.
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Patel NG, Serajuddin ATM. Development of FDM 3D-printed tablets with rapid drug release, high drug-polymer miscibility and reduced printing temperature by applying the acid-base supersolubilization (ABS) principle. Int J Pharm 2021; 600:120524. [PMID: 33775724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Some of the major issues with the development of FDM 3D printed tablets are slow drug release, lack of drug-polymer miscibility, high processing temperature, and poor printability. In this investigation, these issues were addressed by using a novel physicochemical principle called acid-base supersolubilization (ABS) previously developed in our laboratory. The aqueous solubility of a basic drug, haloperidol, was increased to ~300 mg/g of solution by adding glutaric acid, and, upon drying, the concentrated solutions produced amorphous materials. Similar amorphous systems could also be produced by heating haloperidol-glutaric acid mixtures. Filaments for 3D printing were prepared by melt extrusion of formulations containing 15% w/w haloperidol and 10.5% glutaric acid (1:2 M ratio) along with 74.5% polymers, such as Kollidon® VA64 alone or its mixtures with Affinisol™ 15cP. Filaments could be extruded and printed at low temperatures of 115 and 120 °C, respectively. Haloperidol was fully miscible in the formulations because of the acid-base interaction and formed amorphous systems even at higher drug loads. Although filaments of haloperidol-Kollidon® VA64 mixtures by themselves cannot be printed, the printability of formulation improved such that those containing glutaric acid were printable. Drug release rates from the formulations at pH 2 and 6.8 were rapid and complete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirali G Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Abu T M Serajuddin
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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26
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Than YM, Titapiwatanakun V. Tailoring immediate release FDM 3D printed tablets using a quality by design (QbD) approach. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120402. [PMID: 33640426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this work were to produce immediate release printed tablets using fused deposition modelling (FDM) technique and to systematically explore the effects of different compositions on drug release by Quality by Design approach. Screening studies of various drug loadings and excipients were conducted by hot melt extrusion and FDM printing to set up the appropriate limit of each independent factor (critical material attribute, CMA) in Design of Experiment. This study demonstrated that the use of polymeric mixture containing different theophylline loadings (10, 30 and 60% w/w) in combination with multiple pharmaceutical polymers (hydroxy propyl cellulose (HPC), Eudragit® EPO, Kollidon® VA 64) and disintegrant (sodium starch glycolate) were successfully hot melt-extruded and FDM printed with no plasticizer. Rheological measurement was performed to understand the critical process parameters (CPP) while the mechanical property of extrudable and printable filaments was investigated by 3-point test for the formulation development. Surprisingly, HPC were found to be superior as a flexibility modifier in all printable filaments. A range of pharmaceutical characterizations were examined to ensure the critical quality attributes (CQA). Characteristic dissolution profiles were obtained. D-optimal mixture design of 17 formulations suggested that theophylline release was considerably affected by the combined action of different excipients and could predict the optimum formulation with the required quality target product profile (QTPP) in pharmacopoeia (85% release at 30 min). Therefore, this can be a useful platform to develop immediate release products for a specific group of patients commercially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Mon Than
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Varin Titapiwatanakun
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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27
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Henry S, Samaro A, Marchesini FH, Shaqour B, Macedo J, Vanhoorne V, Vervaet C. Extrusion-based 3D printing of oral solid dosage forms: Material requirements and equipment dependencies. Int J Pharm 2021; 598:120361. [PMID: 33571622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Extrusion-based 3D printing is steadily gaining importance as a manufacturing technique due to its flexibility and wide range of possible end-products. In the medical field, the technique is being exploited for a variety of applications and one of these is the production of personalised medicines. However, despite many proof-of-concept studies, more thorough insights in the production technique itself and the required material properties are needed before 3D printing can be fully exploited in a hospital or pharmacy setting. This research aims at clarifying the complex interplay between material properties, process parameters and printer-dependent variables. A variety of different polymers and polymer-drug blends were extruded (diameter 1.75±0.05 mm) and characterised in terms of mechanical, thermal and rheological properties. These properties, together with the processing temperature, printing speeds and different nozzle diameters of the 3D printer were linked to the quality of the end-product. Different failure mechanisms (mechanical, thermal) were assessed. Decisive material parameters (e.g. cross-over point) for optimal printing behaviour and the importance of printer construction (nozzle diameter) were clarified. In general, this study offers insight into the 3D printing process and will help to speed up future pharmaceutical formulation development for printlets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Henry
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Samaro
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - F H Marchesini
- Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - B Shaqour
- Voxdale bv, Bijkhoevelaan 32C, 2110 Wijnegem, Belgium; Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1 S.7, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - J Macedo
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - V Vanhoorne
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Ashwathy P, Anto AT, Sudheesh MS. A mechanistic review on the dissolution phase behavior and supersaturation stabilization of amorphous solid dispersions. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:1-11. [PMID: 33494623 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1879843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) technology is an attractive formulation approach for poorly soluble drugs because of the supersaturated state acquired during its dissolution. The high thermodynamic activity of the supersaturated state of the drug is also a driver for the enhanced absorptive flux across a membrane. However, this advantage can easily be lost due to the inherent instability of supersaturation, causing drug precipitation. Stabilizing the supersaturated state during the dissolution of ASD for the relevant absorption time frame is a challenging area in formulation research. Stabilizing the supersaturated state by using polymeric excipients and understanding the phase behavior of drugs during dissolution are required for the optimal performance of ASD formulations. A number of confounding kinetic, formulation and physiological factors can influence the evolution of supersaturation and phase changes during dissolution of ASDs. The review highlights the complex nature of dissolution of ASDs and the need of biorelevant dissolution for proper risk assessment and optimizing formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ashwathy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Kochi, India
| | - Akshaya T Anto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Kochi, India
| | - M S Sudheesh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Kochi, India
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Exploring tablet design options for tailoring drug release and dose via fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing. Int J Pharm 2020; 591:119987. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Jamróz W, Pyteraf J, Kurek M, Knapik-Kowalczuk J, Szafraniec-Szczęsny J, Jurkiewicz K, Leszczyński B, Wróbel A, Paluch M, Jachowicz R. Multivariate Design of 3D Printed Immediate-Release Tablets with Liquid Crystal-Forming Drug-Itraconazole. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13214961. [PMID: 33158192 PMCID: PMC7662355 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The simplicity of object shape and composition modification make additive manufacturing a great option for customized dosage form production. To achieve this goal, the correlation between structural and functional attributes of the printed objects needs to be analyzed. So far, it has not been deeply investigated in 3D printing-related papers. The aim of our study was to modify the functionalities of printed tablets containing liquid crystal-forming drug itraconazole by introducing polyvinylpyrrolidone-based polymers into the filament-forming matrices composed predominantly of poly(vinyl alcohol). The effect of the molecular reorganization of the drug and improved tablets’ disintegration was analyzed in terms of itraconazole dissolution. Micro-computed tomography was applied to analyze how the design of a printed object (in this case, a degree of an infill) affects its reproducibility during printing. It was also used to analyze the structure of the printed dosage forms. The results indicated that the improved disintegration obtained due to the use of Kollidon®CL-M was more beneficial for the dissolution of itraconazole than the molecular rearrangement and liquid crystal phase transitions. The lower infill density favored faster dissolution of the drug from printed tablets. However, it negatively affected the reproducibility of the 3D printed object.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Jamróz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (J.P.); (J.S.-S.); (R.J.)
- Correspondence: (W.J.); (M.K.); Tel.: +48-12-62-05-600 (W.J. & M.K.)
| | - Jolanta Pyteraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (J.P.); (J.S.-S.); (R.J.)
| | - Mateusz Kurek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (J.P.); (J.S.-S.); (R.J.)
- Correspondence: (W.J.); (M.K.); Tel.: +48-12-62-05-600 (W.J. & M.K.)
| | - Justyna Knapik-Kowalczuk
- Division of Biophysics and Molecular Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (J.K.-K.); (K.J.); (M.P.)
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Joanna Szafraniec-Szczęsny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (J.P.); (J.S.-S.); (R.J.)
| | - Karolina Jurkiewicz
- Division of Biophysics and Molecular Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (J.K.-K.); (K.J.); (M.P.)
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Bartosz Leszczyński
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (B.L.); (A.W.)
| | - Andrzej Wróbel
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (B.L.); (A.W.)
| | - Marian Paluch
- Division of Biophysics and Molecular Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (J.K.-K.); (K.J.); (M.P.)
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Renata Jachowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (J.P.); (J.S.-S.); (R.J.)
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Alqahtani F, Belton P, Zhang B, Al-Sharabi M, Ross S, Mithu MSH, Douroumis D, Zeitler JA, Qi S. An investigation into the formations of the internal microstructures of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 155:147-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pandi P, Bulusu R, Kommineni N, Khan W, Singh M. Amorphous solid dispersions: An update for preparation, characterization, mechanism on bioavailability, stability, regulatory considerations and marketed products. Int J Pharm 2020; 586:119560. [PMID: 32565285 PMCID: PMC8691091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are being employed frequently to improve bioavailability of poorly soluble molecules by enhancing the rate and extant of dissolution in drug product development process. These systems comprise of an amorphous active pharmaceutical ingredient stabilized by a polymer matrix to provide enhanced stability. This review discussed the methodologies of preparation and characterization of ASDs with an emphasis on understanding and predicting stability. Rational selection of polymers, preparation techniques with its advantages and disadvantages and characterization of polymeric amorphous solid dispersions have discussed. Stability aspects have been described as per ICH guidelines which intend to depend on selection of polymers and preparation methods of ASD. The mechanism involved on improvement of bioavailability also considered. Regulatory importance of ASD and current evolving details of QBD approach were reviewed. Amorphous products and particularly ASDs are currently most emerging area in the pharmaceutical field. This strategic approach presents huge impact and advantageous features concerning the overall improvement of drug product performance in clinical settings which ultimately lead to drug product approval by leading regulatory agencies into the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palpandi Pandi
- Department of Pharmacy, Employee State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Chennai 600078, India
| | - Raviteja Bulusu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada 533003, India
| | - Nagavendra Kommineni
- College of Pharmacy, Florida Agriculture and Mechanical University, FL 32307, USA
| | - Wahid Khan
- Natco Research Centre, NATCO Pharma Limited, Hyderabad 500018, India.
| | - Mandip Singh
- College of Pharmacy, Florida Agriculture and Mechanical University, FL 32307, USA.
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Aqueous Dissolution and Dispersion Behavior of Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate-based Amorphous Solid Dispersion of Ritonavir Prepared by Hot-Melt Extrusion with and without Added Surfactants. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:1480-1494. [PMID: 32827493 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the lack of complete drug release from amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs), as observed in most published reports, was investigated. ASDs with 20% ritonavir were prepared by HME using polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate (PVPVA) alone and in combination with 10% poloxamer 407 or Span 20 as carriers. It was established by the film casting technique that ritonavir was molecularly dispersed in formulations, and accelerated stability testing confirmed that extrudates were physically stable. Dissolution of ASDs (100-mg ritonavir equivalent) was performed in 250 mL 0.01 N HCl (pH 2), pH 6.8 phosphate buffer and FeSSIF-V2. Drug concentrations were measured by filtration through 0.45-μm pores and in unfiltered media; the latter gave total amounts of drug present in dissolution media, both as solution and dispersion. Because of low solubility, ritonavir did not dissolve completely in aqueous media. Rather, it formed supersaturated solutions, and the excess drug dispersed in the oily amorphous form with low particle sizes that could crystallize with time. Due to higher drug solubility, the dissolved drug in FeSSIF-V2 was much higher than that in the phosphate buffer. Complete drug release could be observed by accounting for drug both in solution and as phase-separated dispersion. Thus, the present study provides a complete picture of in vitro drug dissolution and dispersion from ASDs.
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34
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Tran PHL, Tran TTD. Developmental Strategies of Curcumin Solid Dispersions for Enhancing Bioavailability. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:1874-1882. [PMID: 32640962 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200708103845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although curcumin has been demonstrated to be beneficial in treating various diseases, its low solubility, chemical stability and bioavailability limit its application, especially in cancer therapy. METHODS Solid dispersions have been utilized in the last few decades to improve the bioavailability and stability of curcumin. RESULTS However, there is a lack of summaries and classifications of the methods for preparing curcumin with this technology. The current review aims to overview the strategies used to develop solid dispersions containing curcumin for improving drug delivery. The classification of techniques for creating solid dispersions for curcumin was summarized, including systems for protecting curcumin degradation despite its chemical stability. The applications of advanced nanotechnologies in recent studies of solid dispersions were also discussed to explain the roles of nanoparticles in formulations. CONCLUSION This overview of recent developments in formulating solid dispersions for improving curcumin bioavailability will contribute to future studies of curcumin for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong H L Tran
- Deakin University, Geelong Australia, School of Medicine, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Thao T D Tran
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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35
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Azad MA, Olawuni D, Kimbell G, Badruddoza AZM, Hossain MS, Sultana T. Polymers for Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of Pharmaceuticals: A Holistic Materials-Process Perspective. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E124. [PMID: 32028732 PMCID: PMC7076526 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three dimensional (3D) printing as an advanced manufacturing technology is progressing to be established in the pharmaceutical industry to overcome the traditional manufacturing regime of 'one size fits for all'. Using 3D printing, it is possible to design and develop complex dosage forms that can be suitable for tuning drug release. Polymers are the key materials that are necessary for 3D printing. Among all 3D printing processes, extrusion-based (both fused deposition modeling (FDM) and pressure-assisted microsyringe (PAM)) 3D printing is well researched for pharmaceutical manufacturing. It is important to understand which polymers are suitable for extrusion-based 3D printing of pharmaceuticals and how their properties, as well as the behavior of polymer-active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) combinations, impact the printing process. Especially, understanding the rheology of the polymer and API-polymer mixtures is necessary for successful 3D printing of dosage forms or printed structures. This review has summarized a holistic materials-process perspective for polymers on extrusion-based 3D printing. The main focus herein will be both FDM and PAM 3D printing processes. It elaborates the discussion on the comparison of 3D printing with the traditional direct compression process, the necessity of rheology, and the characterization techniques required for the printed structure, drug, and excipients. The current technological challenges, regulatory aspects, and the direction toward which the technology is moving, especially for personalized pharmaceuticals and multi-drug printing, are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Azad
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Bioengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (D.O.); (G.K.)
| | - Deborah Olawuni
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Bioengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (D.O.); (G.K.)
| | - Georgia Kimbell
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Bioengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (D.O.); (G.K.)
| | - Abu Zayed Md Badruddoza
- Department of Chemical and Life Sciences Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Md. Shahadat Hossain
- Department of Engineering Technology, Queensborough Community College, City University of New York (CUNY), Bayside, NY 11364, USA;
| | - Tasnim Sultana
- Department of Public Health, School of Arts and Sciences, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (MCPHS), Boston, MA 02115, USA;
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Mendonsa N, Almutairy B, Kallakunta VR, Sarabu S, Thipsay P, Bandari S, Repka MA. Manufacturing strategies to develop amorphous solid dispersions: An overview. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019; 55. [PMID: 32863891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the past several decades, poor water solubility of existing and new drugs in the pipeline have remained a challenging issue for the pharmaceutical industry. Literature describes several approaches to improve the overall solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability of drugs with poor water solubility. Moreover, the development of amorphous solid dispersion (SD) using suitable polymers and methods have gained considerable importance in the recent past. In the present review, we attempt to discuss the important and industrially scalable thermal strategies for the development of amorphous SD. These include both solvent (spray drying and fluid bed processing) and fusion (hot melt extrusion and KinetiSol®) based techniques. The current review also provides insights into the thermodynamic properties of drugs, their polymer miscibility and solubility, and their molecular dynamics to develop stable and more efficient amorphous SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Mendonsa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, United States
| | - Bjad Almutairy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, United States
| | - Venkata Raman Kallakunta
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, United States
| | - Sandeep Sarabu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, United States
| | - Priyanka Thipsay
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, United States
| | - Suresh Bandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, United States
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, United States.,Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Innovation & Instruction, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, United States
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Solanki NG, Kathawala M, Serajuddin AT. Effects of Surfactants on Itraconazole-Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Acetate Succinate Solid Dispersion Prepared by Hot Melt Extrusion III: Tableting of Extrudates and Drug Release From Tablets. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:3859-3869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Li J, Di L, Cheng X, Ji W, Piao H, Cheng G, Zou M. The characteristics and mechanism of co-administration of lovastatin solid dispersion with kaempferol to increase oral bioavailability. Xenobiotica 2019; 50:593-601. [PMID: 31505985 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2019.1662136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lovastatin shows low bioavailability (lower than 5%) after oral administration because of the poor aqueous solubility and widely metabolized by CYP3A4.Lovastatin solid dispersion was designed to enhance the dissolution. The in vitro intestinal absorption study indicated an increase in the apparent permeability of different intestinal segments compared with crude lovastatin. In the range of 12.5-50 μg/ml, the absorption of both lovastatin and lovastatin solid dispersion were found to be a passive process in rat's jejunum and ileum, but not endocytosis process. CYP3A4 inhibitor (ketoconazole) significantly increased the intestinal absorption of lovastatin and lovastatin solid dispersion. However, P-glycoprotein efflux inhibitor (verapamil) had little effect on them.The absolute bioavailability of lovastatin and lovastatin acid after oral administration of lovastatin solid dispersion were increased by about 2.01-fold and 1.40-fold than that of lovastatin suspension. The oral bioavailability of lovastatin and lovastatin acid after oral administration of lovastatin solid dispersion with 10 mg/kg kaempferol (CYP3A4 inhibitor) were increased about 3.79-fold and 2.51-fold than that of lovastatin suspension, and the absolute bioavailability of lovastatin was up to 33.0%.As a result, co-administration of lovastatin solid dispersion with kaempferol could be a promising delivery system to improve the oral bioavailability of lovastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liuying Di
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,STA Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiwen Ji
- Pharmaceutical Engineering College, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongyu Piao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meijuan Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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