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Lee K, Yoon H, Seo PJ. The AGL6-ELF3-FT circuit controls flowering time in Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2358684. [PMID: 38805453 PMCID: PMC11135843 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2358684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Adjusting the timing of floral transition is essential for reproductive success in plants. A number of flowering regulators integrate internal and external signals to precisely determine the time to flower. We here report that the AGAMOUS-LIKE 6 (AGL6) - EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3) module regulates flowering in the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)-dependent pathway in Arabidopsis. The AGL6 transcriptional repressor promotes floral transition by directly suppressing ELF3, which in turn directly represses FT expression that acts as a floral integrator. Indeed, ELF3 is epistatic to AGL6 in the control of floral transition. Overall, our findings propose that the AGL6-ELF3 module contributes to fine-tuning flowering time in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyounghee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hobin Yoon
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Guo X, Li J, Li M, Zhou B, Zheng S, Li L. A molecular module connects abscisic acid with auxin signals to facilitate seasonal wood formation in Populus. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38963121 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Perennial trees have a recurring annual cycle of wood formation in response to environmental fluctuations. However, the precise molecular mechanisms that regulate the seasonal formation of wood remain poorly understood. Our prior study indicates that VCM1 and VCM2 play a vital role in regulating the activity of the vascular cambium by controlling the auxin homoeostasis of the cambium zone in Populus. This study indicates that abscisic acid (ABA) affects the expression of VCM1 and VCM2, which display seasonal fluctuations in relation to photoperiod changes. ABA-responsive transcription factors AREB4 and AREB13, which are predominantly expressed in stem secondary vascular tissue, bind to VCM1 and VCM2 promoters to induce their expression. Seasonal changes in the photoperiod affect the ABA amount, which is linked to auxin-regulated cambium activity via the functions of VCM1 and VCM2. Thus, the study reveals that AREB4/AREB13-VCM1/VCM2-PIN5b acts as a molecular module connecting ABA and auxin signals to control vascular cambium activity in seasonal wood formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulei Guo
- Yuelushan Laboratory, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- Yuelushan Laboratory, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Li
- Yuelushan Laboratory, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Yuelushan Laboratory, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Shuai Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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3
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Tan J, Muhammad S, Zhang L, He H, Bian J. Functional divergence of FTL9 and FTL10 in flowering control in rice. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:562. [PMID: 38840036 PMCID: PMC11151565 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Floral transition in cereals is a critical phenomenon influenced by exogenous and endogenous signals, determining crop yield and reproduction. Flowering Locus T-like (FT-like) genes encode a mobile florigen, the main signaling molecule for flowering. RESULTS In this study, we characterized two FT-like genes, FTL9 and FTL10, to study their functional diversity in flowering control in rice. We compared independent mutant lines of ftl10 with WT and observed negligible differences in the flowering phenotype, or agronomic traits implying potentially redundant roles of FTL10 loss-of-function in flowering control in rice. Nevertheless, we found that overexpression of FTL10, but not FTL9, substantially accelerated flowering, indicating the flowering-promoting role of FTL10 and the divergent functions between FTL9 and FTL10 in flowering. Besides flowering, additive agronomic roles were observed for FTL10-OE regulating the number of effective panicles per plant, the number of primary branches per panicle, and spikelets per panicle without regulating seed size. Mechanistically, our Y2H and BiFC analyses demonstrate that FTL10, in contrast to FTL9, can interact with FD1 and GF14c, forming a flowering activation complex and thereby regulating flowering. CONCLUSION Altogether, our results elucidate the regulatory roles of FTL9 and FTL10 in flowering control, unveiling the molecular basis of functional divergence between FTL10 and FTL9, which provides mechanistic insights into shaping the dynamics of flowering time regulation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingai Tan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Sajid Muhammad
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Lantian Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Haohua He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Jianmin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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4
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Lee N, Shim JS, Kang MK, Kwon M. Insight from expression profiles of FT orthologs in plants: conserved photoperiodic transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1397714. [PMID: 38887456 PMCID: PMC11180818 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1397714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Floral transition from the vegetative to the reproductive stages is precisely regulated by both environmental and endogenous signals. Among these signals, photoperiod is one of the most important environmental factors for onset of flowering. A florigen, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) in Arabidopsis, has thought to be a major hub in the photoperiod-dependent flowering time regulation. Expression levels of FT likely correlates with potence of flowering. Under long days (LD), FT is mainly synthesized in leaves, and FT protein moves to shoot apical meristem (SAM) where it functions and in turns induces flowering. Recently, it has been reported that Arabidopsis grown under natural LD condition flowers earlier than that grown under laboratory LD condition, in which a red (R)/far-red (FR) ratio of light sources determines FT expression levels. Additionally, FT expression profile changes in response to combinatorial effects of FR light and photoperiod. FT orthologs exist in most of plants and functions are thought to be conserved. Although molecular mechanisms underlying photoperiodic transcriptional regulation of FT orthologs have been studied in several plants, such as rice, however, dynamics in expression profiles of FT orthologs have been less spotlighted. This review aims to revisit previously reported but overlooked expression information of FT orthologs from various plant species and classify these genes depending on the expression profiles. Plants, in general, could be classified into three groups depending on their photoperiodic flowering responses. Thus, we discuss relationship between photoperiodic responsiveness and expression of FT orthologs. Additionally, we also highlight the expression profiles of FT orthologs depending on their activities in flowering. Comparative analyses of diverse plant species will help to gain insight into molecular mechanisms for flowering in nature, and this can be utilized in the future for crop engineering to improve yield by controlling flowering time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Lee
- Research Institute of Molecular Alchemy (RIMA), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Shim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Anti-aging Bio Cell factory Regional Leading Research Center (ABC-RLRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonhyuk Kwon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), ABC-RLRC, RIMA, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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5
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Wu X, Chen S, Lin F, Muhammad F, Xu H, Wu L. Comparative and functional analysis unveils the contribution of photoperiod to DNA methylation, sRNA accumulation, and gene expression variations in short-day and long-day grasses. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1955-1971. [PMID: 38491864 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Photoperiod employs complicated networks to regulate various developmental processes in plants, including flowering transition. However, the specific mechanisms by which photoperiod affects epigenetic modifications and gene expression variations in plants remain elusive. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of DNA methylation, small RNA (sRNA) accumulation, and gene expressions under different daylengths in facultative long-day (LD) grass Brachypodium distachyon and short-day (SD) grass rice. Our results showed that while overall DNA methylation levels were minimally affected by different photoperiods, CHH methylation levels were repressed under their favorable light conditions, particularly in rice. We identified numerous differentially methylated regions (DMRs) that were influenced by photoperiod in both plant species. Apart from differential sRNA clusters, we observed alterations in the expression of key components of the RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway, DNA methyltransferases, and demethylases, which may contribute to the identified photoperiod-influenced CHH DMRs. Furthermore, we identified many differentially expressed genes in response to different daylengths, some of which were associated with the DMRs. Notably, we discovered a photoperiod-responsive gene MYB11 in the transcriptome of B. distachyon, and further demonstrated its role as a flowering inhibitor by repressing FT1 transcription. Together, our comparative and functional analysis sheds light on the effects of daylength on DNA methylation, sRNA accumulation, and gene expression variations in LD and SD plants, thereby facilitating better designing breeding programs aimed at developing high-yield crops that can adapt to local growing seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Siyi Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan, 572000, China
| | - Fahad Muhammad
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Haiming Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan, 572000, China
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6
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Chang YL, Chang YC, Kurniawan A, Chang PC, Liou TY, Wang WD, Chuang HW. Employing Genomic Tools to Explore the Molecular Mechanisms behind the Enhancement of Plant Growth and Stress Resilience Facilitated by a Burkholderia Rhizobacterial Strain. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6091. [PMID: 38892282 PMCID: PMC11172717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The rhizobacterial strain BJ3 showed 16S rDNA sequence similarity to species within the Burkholderia genus. Its complete genome sequence revealed a 97% match with Burkholderia contaminans and uncovered gene clusters essential for plant-growth-promoting traits (PGPTs). These clusters include genes responsible for producing indole acetic acid (IAA), osmolytes, non-ribosomal peptides (NRPS), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), siderophores, lipopolysaccharides, hydrolytic enzymes, and spermidine. Additionally, the genome contains genes for nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization, as well as a gene encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase. The treatment with BJ3 enhanced root architecture, boosted vegetative growth, and accelerated early flowering in Arabidopsis. Treated seedlings also showed increased lignin production and antioxidant capabilities, as well as notably increased tolerance to water deficit and high salinity. An RNA-seq transcriptome analysis indicated that BJ3 treatment significantly activated genes related to immunity induction, hormone signaling, and vegetative growth. It specifically activated genes involved in the production of auxin, ethylene, and salicylic acid (SA), as well as genes involved in the synthesis of defense compounds like glucosinolates, camalexin, and terpenoids. The expression of AP2/ERF transcription factors was markedly increased. These findings highlight BJ3's potential to produce various bioactive metabolites and its ability to activate auxin, ethylene, and SA signaling in Arabidopsis, positioning it as a new Burkholderia strain that could significantly improve plant growth, stress resilience, and immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Long Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
| | - Andi Kurniawan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
- Department of Agronomy, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Po-Chun Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Liou
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Der Wang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
| | - Huey-wen Chuang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
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7
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Romero JM, Serrano-Bueno G, Camacho-Fernández C, Vicente MH, Ruiz MT, Pérez-Castiñeira JR, Pérez-Hormaeche J, Nogueira FTS, Valverde F. CONSTANS, a HUB for all seasons: How photoperiod pervades plant physiology regulatory circuits. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2086-2102. [PMID: 38513610 PMCID: PMC11132886 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
How does a plant detect the changing seasons and make important developmental decisions accordingly? How do they incorporate daylength information into their routine physiological processes? Photoperiodism, or the capacity to measure the daylength, is a crucial aspect of plant development that helps plants determine the best time of the year to make vital decisions, such as flowering. The protein CONSTANS (CO) constitutes the central regulator of this sensing mechanism, not only activating florigen production in the leaves but also participating in many physiological aspects in which seasonality is important. Recent discoveries place CO in the center of a gene network that can determine the length of the day and confer seasonal input to aspects of plant development and physiology as important as senescence, seed size, or circadian rhythms. In this review, we discuss the importance of CO protein structure, function, and evolutionary mechanisms that embryophytes have developed to incorporate annual information into their physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Romero
- Plant Development Group - Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Gloria Serrano-Bueno
- Plant Development Group - Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Carolina Camacho-Fernández
- Plant Development Group - Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mateus Henrique Vicente
- Plant Development Group - Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, 13418-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Teresa Ruiz
- Plant Development Group - Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - J Román Pérez-Castiñeira
- Plant Development Group - Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Pérez-Hormaeche
- Plant Development Group - Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Fabio T S Nogueira
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, 13418-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Federico Valverde
- Plant Development Group - Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
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8
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Takagi H, Lee N, Hempton AK, Purushwani S, Notaguchi M, Yamauchi K, Shirai K, Kawakatsu Y, Uehara S, Albers WG, Downing BLR, Ito S, Suzuki T, Matsuura T, Mori IC, Mitsuda N, Kurihara D, Matsushita T, Song YH, Sato Y, Nomoto M, Tada Y, Hanada K, Cuperus JT, Queitsch C, Imaizumi T. Florigen-producing cells express FPF1-LIKE PROTEIN 1 that accelerates flowering and stem growth in long days with sunlight red/far-red ratio in Arabidopsis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.26.591289. [PMID: 38746097 PMCID: PMC11092471 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.26.591289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Seasonal changes in spring induce flowering by expressing the florigen, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), in Arabidopsis. FT is expressed in unique phloem companion cells with unknown characteristics. The question of which genes are co-expressed with FT and whether they have roles in flowering remains elusive. Through tissue-specific translatome analysis, we discovered that under long-day conditions with the natural sunlight red/far-red ratio, the FT-producing cells express a gene encoding FPF1-LIKE PROTEIN 1 (FLP1). The master FT regulator, CONSTANS (CO), controls FLP1 expression, suggesting FLP1's involvement in the photoperiod pathway. FLP1 promotes early flowering independently of FT, is active in the shoot apical meristem, and induces the expression of SEPALLATA 3 (SEP3), a key E-class homeotic gene. Unlike FT, FLP1 facilitates inflorescence stem elongation. Our cumulative evidence indicates that FLP1 may act as a mobile signal. Thus, FLP1 orchestrates floral initiation together with FT and promotes inflorescence stem elongation during reproductive transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Takagi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1800, USA
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Nayoung Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1800, USA
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Andrew K. Hempton
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1800, USA
| | - Savita Purushwani
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1800, USA
| | - Michitaka Notaguchi
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kota Yamauchi
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, 820-8502, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Shirai
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, 820-8502, Japan
| | - Yaichi Kawakatsu
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Susumu Uehara
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - William G. Albers
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1800, USA
| | | | - Shogo Ito
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1800, USA
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Takakazu Matsuura
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Izumi C. Mori
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurihara
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research (IAR), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tomonao Matsushita
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Young Hun Song
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Yoshikatsu Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mika Nomoto
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Tada
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kousuke Hanada
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, 820-8502, Japan
| | - Josh T. Cuperus
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-5065, USA
| | - Christine Queitsch
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-5065, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-8047, USA
| | - Takato Imaizumi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1800, USA
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
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9
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Cho SW, Lokhandwala J, Park JS, Kang HW, Choi M, Yang HQ, Imaizumi T, Zoltowski BD, Song YH. Disrupting FKF1 homodimerization increases FT transcript levels in the evening by enhancing CO stabilization. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:121. [PMID: 38635077 PMCID: PMC11026275 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03207-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE FKF1 dimerization is crucial for proper FT levels to fine-tune flowering time. Attenuating FKF1 homodimerization increased CO abundance by enhancing its COP1 binding, thereby accelerating flowering under long days. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the blue-light photoreceptor FKF1 (FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX 1) plays a key role in inducing the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), encoding the main florigenic signal in plants, in the late afternoon under long-day conditions (LDs) by forming dimers with FT regulators. Although structural studies have unveiled a variant of FKF1 (FKF1 I160R) that disrupts homodimer formation in vitro, the mechanism by which disrupted FKF1 homodimer formation regulates flowering time remains elusive. In this study, we determined that the attenuation of FKF1 homodimer formation enhances FT expression in the evening by promoting the increased stability of CONSTANS (CO), a primary activator of FT, in the afternoon, thereby contributing to early flowering. In contrast to wild-type FKF1, introducing the FKF1 I160R variant into the fkf1 mutant led to increased FT expression under LDs. In addition, the FKF1 I160R variant exhibited diminished dimerization with FKF1, while its interaction with GIGANTEA (GI), a modulator of FKF1 function, was enhanced under LDs. Furthermore, the FKF1 I160R variant increased the level of CO in the afternoon under LDs by enhancing its binding to COP1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for CO degradation. These findings suggest that the regulation of FKF1 homodimerization and heterodimerization allows plants to finely adjust FT expression levels around dusk by modulating its interactions with GI and COP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Won Cho
- Department of Biology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
- Institute of Agricultural Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Jun Sang Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Won Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mingi Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong-Quan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Takato Imaizumi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian D Zoltowski
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Young Hun Song
- Institute of Agricultural Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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10
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Tsuji H, Sato M. The Function of Florigen in the Vegetative-to-Reproductive Phase Transition in and around the Shoot Apical Meristem. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:322-337. [PMID: 38179836 PMCID: PMC11020210 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Plants undergo a series of developmental phases throughout their life-cycle, each characterized by specific processes. Three critical features distinguish these phases: the arrangement of primordia (phyllotaxis), the timing of their differentiation (plastochron) and the characteristics of the lateral organs and axillary meristems. Identifying the unique molecular features of each phase, determining the molecular triggers that cause transitions and understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these transitions are keys to gleaning a complete understanding of plant development. During the vegetative phase, the shoot apical meristem (SAM) facilitates continuous leaf and stem formation, with leaf development as the hallmark. The transition to the reproductive phase induces significant changes in these processes, driven mainly by the protein FT (FLOWERING LOCUS T) in Arabidopsis and proteins encoded by FT orthologs, which are specified as 'florigen'. These proteins are synthesized in leaves and transported to the SAM, and act as the primary flowering signal, although its impact varies among species. Within the SAM, florigen integrates with other signals, culminating in developmental changes. This review explores the central question of how florigen induces developmental phase transition in the SAM. Future research may combine phase transition studies, potentially revealing the florigen-induced developmental phase transition in the SAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tsuji
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Moeko Sato
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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11
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Hao J, Xu D, Wang C, Cao Q, Zhao Q, Xie M, Zhang H, Zhang L. Phylogeny and expression patterns of ERF genes that are potential reproductive inducers in hybrid larch. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:288. [PMID: 38500084 PMCID: PMC10946173 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Larch is an important component of northern forests and a major cultivated tree species in restoration of forest cover using improved seed material. In recent years, the continuous low seed production has severely affected the production of improved variety seedlings and natural regeneration. However, research on the reproductive growth of gymnosperms is extremely scarce. RESULTS In this study, based on differential transcriptome analysis of two asexual reproductive phases, namely high-yield and low-yield, we further screened 5 ERF family genes that may affect the reproductive development of larch. We analyzed their genetic relationships and predicted their physicochemical properties. The expression patterns of these genes were analyzed in different tissues, developmental stages, hormone treatments, and environmental conditions in hybrid larch. CONCLUSION The results showed that all 5 genes were induced by low temperature and ABA, and their expression patterns in different tissues suggested a suppressive role in the development of female cones in larch. Among them, LkoERF3-like1 and LkoERF071 may be involved in the flowering age pathway. This study enriches the scarce research on reproductive development in gymnosperms and provides a theoretical basis and research direction for regulating the reproductive development of larch in seed orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Daixi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Qing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Qingrong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Miaomiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Hanguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 150040, Harbin, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 150040, Harbin, China.
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12
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Qiu C, Wang T, Wang H, Tao Z, Wang C, Ma J, Li S, Zhao Y, Liu J, Li P. SISTER OF FCA physically associates with SKB1 to regulate flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:188. [PMID: 38486139 PMCID: PMC10941358 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04887-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper flowering time is important for the growth and development of plants, and both too early and too late flowering impose strong negative influences on plant adaptation and seed yield. Thus, it is vitally important to study the mechanism underlying flowering time control in plants. In a previous study by the authors, genome-wide association analysis was used to screen the candidate gene SISTER OF FCA (SSF) that regulates FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a central gene encoding a flowering suppressor in Arabidopsis thaliana. RESULTS SSF physically interacts with Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5, SKB1). Subcellular co-localization analysis showed that SSF and SKB1 interact in the nucleus. Genetically, SSF and SKB1 exist in the same regulatory pathway that controls FLC expression. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing analysis showed that both SSF and SKB1 regulate certain common pathways. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that PRMT5 interacts with SSF, thus controlling FLC expression and facilitating flowering time control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Qiu
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Schoolof Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Tengyue Wang
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Schoolof Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Hui Wang
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Schoolof Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Schoolof Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Chuanhong Wang
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Schoolof Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jing Ma
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Schoolof Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shuai Li
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Schoolof Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yibing Zhao
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Schoolof Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jifang Liu
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Schoolof Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Peijin Li
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Schoolof Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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13
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Li X, Zheng Y, Luo L, Chen Q, Yang T, Yang Y, Qiao Q, Kong X, Yang Y. The evolution and functional divergence of FT-related genes in controlling flowering time in Brassica rapa ssp. rapa. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:86. [PMID: 38453734 PMCID: PMC10920429 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The BrrFT paralogues exhibit distinct expression patterns and play different roles in regulating flowering time, and BrrFT4 competes with BrrFT1 and BrrFT2 to interact with BrrFD proteins. Flowering time is an important agricultural trait for Brassica crops, and early bolting strongly affects the yield and quality of Brassica rapa ssp. rapa. Flowering Locus T paralogues play an important role in regulating flowering time. In this study, we identified FT-related genes in turnip by phylogenetic classification, and four BrrFT homoeologs that shared with high identities with BraFT genes were isolated. The different gene structures, promoter binding sites, and expression patterns observed indicated that these genes may play different roles in flowering time regulation. Further genetic and biochemical experiments showed that as for FT-like paralogues, BrrFT2 acted as the key floral inducer, and BrrFT1 seems to act as a mild 'florigen' protein. However, BrrFT4 acts as a floral repressor and antagonistically regulates flowering time by competing with BrrFT1 and BrrFT2 to bind BrrFD proteins. BrrFT3 may have experienced loss of function via base shift mutation. Our results revealed the potential roles of FT-related genes in flowering time regulation in turnip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xieshengyang Li
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Landi Luo
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Tianyu Yang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Ya Yang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Qin Qiao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xiangxiang Kong
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China.
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yongping Yang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China.
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China.
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14
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Chen S, Podolec R, Arongaus AB, Fuchs C, Loubéry S, Demarsy E, Ulm R. Functional divergence of Arabidopsis REPRESSOR OF UV-B PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS 1 and 2 in repression of flowering. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1563-1576. [PMID: 37956407 PMCID: PMC10904346 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Photoperiodic plants coordinate the timing of flowering with seasonal light cues, thereby optimizing their sexual reproductive success. The WD40-repeat protein REPRESSOR OF UV-B PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS 2 (RUP2) functions as a potent repressor of UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) photoreceptor-mediated UV-B induction of flowering under noninductive, short-day conditions in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana); however, in contrast, the closely related RUP1 seems to play no major role. Here, analysis of chimeric ProRUP1:RUP2 and ProRUP2:RUP1 expression lines suggested that the distinct functions of RUP1 and RUP2 in repressing flowering are due to differences in both their coding and regulatory DNA sequences. Artificial altered expression using tissue-specific promoters indicated that RUP2 functions in repressing flowering when expressed in mesophyll and phloem companion cells, whereas RUP1 functions only when expressed in phloem companion cells. Endogenous RUP1 expression in vascular tissue was quantified as lower than that of RUP2, likely underlying the functional difference between RUP1 and RUP2 in repressing flowering. Taken together, our findings highlight the importance of phloem vasculature expression of RUP2 in repressing flowering under short days and identify a basis for the functional divergence of Arabidopsis RUP1 and RUP2 in regulating flowering time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Roman Podolec
- Department of Plant Sciences, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Adriana B Arongaus
- Department of Plant Sciences, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Fuchs
- Department of Plant Sciences, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Loubéry
- Department of Plant Sciences, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Demarsy
- Department of Plant Sciences, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Roman Ulm
- Department of Plant Sciences, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
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15
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Hornstein ED, Charles M, Franklin M, Edwards B, Vintila S, Kleiner M, Sederoff H. IPD3, a master regulator of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, affects genes for immunity and metabolism of non-host Arabidopsis when restored long after its evolutionary loss. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:21. [PMID: 38368585 PMCID: PMC10874911 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AM) is a beneficial trait originating with the first land plants, which has subsequently been lost by species scattered throughout the radiation of plant diversity to the present day, including the model Arabidopsis thaliana. To explore if elements of this apparently beneficial trait are still present and could be reactivated we generated Arabidopsis plants expressing a constitutively active form of Interacting Protein of DMI3, a key transcription factor that enables AM within the Common Symbiosis Pathway, which was lost from Arabidopsis along with the AM host trait. We characterize the transcriptomic effect of expressing IPD3 in Arabidopsis with and without exposure to the AM fungus (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis, and compare these results to the AM model Lotus japonicus and its ipd3 knockout mutant cyclops-4. Despite its long history as a non-AM species, restoring IPD3 in the form of its constitutively active DNA-binding domain to Arabidopsis altered expression of specific gene networks. Surprisingly, the effect of expressing IPD3 in Arabidopsis and knocking it out in Lotus was strongest in plants not exposed to AMF, which is revealed to be due to changes in IPD3 genotype causing a transcriptional state, which partially mimics AMF exposure in non-inoculated plants. Our results indicate that molecular connections to symbiosis machinery remain in place in this nonAM species, with implications for both basic science and the prospect of engineering this trait for agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli D Hornstein
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Melodi Charles
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Megan Franklin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Brianne Edwards
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Simina Vintila
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Manuel Kleiner
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Heike Sederoff
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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16
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Katagiri S, Kamiyama Y, Yamashita K, Iizumi S, Suzuki R, Aoi Y, Takahashi F, Kasahara H, Kinoshita T, Umezawa T. Accumulation of Phosphorylated SnRK2 Substrate 1 Promotes Drought Escape in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:259-268. [PMID: 37971366 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants adopt optimal tolerance strategies depending on the intensity and duration of stress. Retaining water is a priority under short-term drought conditions, whereas maintaining growth and reproduction processes takes precedence over survival under conditions of prolonged drought. However, the mechanism underlying changes in the stress response depending on the degree of drought is unclear. Here, we report that SNF1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) substrate 1 (SNS1) is involved in this growth regulation under conditions of drought stress. SNS1 is phosphorylated and stabilized by SnRK2 protein kinases reflecting drought conditions. It contributes to the maintenance of growth and promotion of flowering as drought escape by repressing stress-responsive genes and inducing FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) expression, respectively. SNS1 interacts with the histone methylation reader proteins MORF-related gene 1 (MRG1) and MRG2, and the SNS1-MRG1/2 module cooperatively regulates abscisic acid response. Taken together, these observations suggest that the phosphorylation and accumulation of SNS1 in plants reflect the intensity and duration of stress and can serve as a molecular scale for maintaining growth and adopting optimal drought tolerance strategies under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotaro Katagiri
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Nakacho, Koganei, 184-8588 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kamiyama
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Nakacho, Koganei, 184-8588 Japan
| | - Kota Yamashita
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Nakacho, Koganei, 184-8588 Japan
| | - Sara Iizumi
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Nakacho, Koganei, 184-8588 Japan
| | - Risa Suzuki
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Nakacho, Koganei, 184-8588 Japan
| | - Yuki Aoi
- INRAE, UR1268 BIA, 3 impasse Yvette Cauchois, CS71627, 44316 Cedex3, Nantes F06160, France
| | - Fuminori Takahashi
- Graduate School of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, 125-8585 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kasahara
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, 183-0054 Japan
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furocho, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Taishi Umezawa
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Nakacho, Koganei, 184-8588 Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, 183-0054 Japan
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17
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Yang W, Zhou C, Guo Y, Niu S, El-Kassaby YA, Li W. Genome-wide identification of the Pinus tabuliformis CONSTANS-like gene family and their potential roles in reproductive cone development. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127621. [PMID: 37890750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The CONSTANS-like (COL) genes, as a core transcription factor in the photoperiod regulation pathway, play a key role in plant reproduction development. However, their molecular characterization has rarely been studied in Pinus tabuliformis. Here, 10 PtCOL genes were identified in the P. tabuliformis genome and multiple sequence alignments have indicated that the PtCOL proteins contained highly conserved B-BOX1 and CCT domains. Sequence similarity analysis showed that PtCOL1 and PtCOL3 had the higher similarity with Norway spruce COLs (PaCOL2 and PaCOL1) and Arabidopsis COLs (AtCOL3, 4 and 5), respectively. Phylogeny and gene structure analyses revealed that PtCOLs were divided into three subgroups, each with identical or similar distributions of exons, introns, and motifs. Moreover, 10 PtCOLs were distributed on 6 chromosomes and PtCOL9 has syntenic gene pairs in both Ginkgo biloba and Sequoiadendron giganteum. Interestingly, in transcriptome profiles, most PtCOLs exhibited a diurnal oscillation pattern under both long (LD) and short (SD) day conditions. Additionally, PtCOLs were highly expressed in needles and female cones, and showed different spatial expression patterns. Among the ten PtCOLs, PtCOL1/3 heterologous overexpression Arabidopsis displayed a delayed-flowering phenotype under SD, indicating that they are likely to play a crucial role in the reproductive development. Additionally, PtCOL1 and PtCOL3 were not only capable of interacting with each other, but they were each capable of interacting with themselves. Furthermore, PtCOL1 and PtCOL3 were also involved in the MADS-box protein-protein interaction (PPI) network in P. tabuliformis cone development. Direct interactions of PtDAL11 with PtCOL1/3 impeded PtCOL1/3 translocation into the nucleus. In summary, this study provided comprehensive understanding for the functions of the PtCOL gene family and revealed their biological roles in the photoperiod-dependent P. tabuliformis cone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingtian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shihui Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yousry A El-Kassaby
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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18
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Wu H, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Meng Q, Xu Z, Zhang H, Qian W, She H. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Gene Expression and Regulatory Characteristics Associated with Different Bolting Periods in Spinacia oleracea. Genes (Basel) 2023; 15:36. [PMID: 38254926 PMCID: PMC10815260 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bolting is a symbol of the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth in plants. Late bolting can effectively prolong the commercial value of spinach and is of great importance for spinach breeding. Bolting has complex regulatory networks, and current research on spinach bolting is relatively weak, with specific regulatory pathways and genes unclear. To clarify the regulatory characteristics and key genes related to bolting in spinach, we conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis. In this study, 18 samples from three periods of bolting-tolerant spinach material 12S3 and bolting-susceptible material 12S4 were analyzed using RNA-seq on, resulting in 10,693 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional enrichment and co-expression trend analysis indicated that most DEGs were enriched in the photoperiod pathway, the hormone signaling pathway, and the cutin, suberin, and wax biosynthetic pathways. According to the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), SpFT (SOV4g003400), SOV4g040250, and SpGASA1 (SOV6g017600) were likely to regulate bolting through the gibberellin and photoperiod pathways, and SpELF4 (SOV1g028600) and SpPAT1 (SOV4g058860) caused differences in early and late bolting among different cultivars. These results provide important insights into the genetic control of bolting in spinach and will help elucidate the molecular mechanisms of bolting in leafy vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhilong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhaosheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Helong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongbing She
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Wei Y, Jin J, Lin Z, Lu C, Gao J, Li J, Xie Q, Zhu W, Zhu G, Yang F. Genome-Wide Identification, Expression, and Molecular Characterization of the CONSTANS-like Gene Family in Seven Orchid Species. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16825. [PMID: 38069148 PMCID: PMC10706594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The orchid is one of the most distinctive and highly valued flowering plants. Nevertheless, the CONSTANS-like (COL) gene family plays significant roles in the control of flowering, and its functions in Orchidaceae have been minimally explored. This research identified 68 potential COL genes within seven orchids' complete genome, divided into three groups (groups I, II, and III) via a phylogenetic tree. The modeled three-dimensional structure and the conserved domains exhibited a high degree of similarity among the orchid COL proteins. The selection pressure analysis showed that all orchid COLs suffered a strong purifying selection. Furthermore, the orchid COL genes exhibited functional and structural heterogeneity in terms of collinearity, gene structure, cis-acting elements within their promoters, and expression patterns. Moreover, we identified 50 genes in orchids with a homology to those involved in the COL transcriptional regulatory network in Arabidopsis. Additionally, the first overexpression of CsiCOL05 and CsiCOL09 in Cymbidium sinense protoplasts suggests that they may antagonize the regulation of flowering time and gynostemium development. Our study will undoubtedly provide new resources, ideas, and values for the modern breeding of orchids and other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fengxi Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.W.); (J.J.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.G.); (J.L.); (Q.X.); (W.Z.); (G.Z.)
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20
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Depaepe T, Vanhaelewyn L, Van Der Straeten D. UV-B responses in the spotlight: Dynamic photoreceptor interplay and cell-type specificity. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3194-3205. [PMID: 37554043 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants are constantly exposed to a multitude of external signals, including light. The information contained within the full spectrum of light is perceived by a battery of photoreceptors, each with specific and shared signalling outputs. Recently, it has become clear that UV-B radiation is a vital component of the electromagnetic spectrum, guiding growth and being crucial for plant fitness. However, given the large overlap between UV-B specific signalling pathways and other photoreceptors, understanding how plants can distinguish UV-B specific signals from other light components deserves more scrutiny. With recent evidence, we propose that UV-B signalling and other light signalling pathways occur within distinct tissues and cell-types and that the contribution of each pathway depends on the type of response and the developmental stage of the plant. Elucidating the precise site(s) of action of each molecular player within these signalling pathways is key to fully understand how plants are able to orchestrate coordinated responses to light within the whole plant body. Focusing our efforts on the molecular study of light signal interactions to understand plant growth in natural environments in a cell-type specific manner will be a next step in the field of photobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Depaepe
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lucas Vanhaelewyn
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653 B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Zhang X, Ouyang Y, Zhao L, Li Z, Zhang H, Wei Y. Genome-wide identification of PEBP gene family in pineapple reveal its potential functions in flowering. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1277436. [PMID: 37965004 PMCID: PMC10641017 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1277436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein (PEBP) plays an important role in regulating flowering time and morphogenesis of plants. However, the identification and functional analysis of PEBP gene in pineapple (AcPEBP) have not been systematically studied. The pineapple genome contained 11 PEBP family members, which were subsequently classified into three subfamilies (FT-like, TFL-like and MFT-like) based on phylogenetic relationships. The arrangement of these 11 shows an unequal pattern across the six chromosomes of pineapple the pineapple genome. The anticipated outcomes of the promoter cis-acting elements indicate that the PEBP gene is subject to regulation by diverse light signals and endogenous hormones such as ethylene. The findings from transcriptome examination and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) indicate that FT-like members AcFT3 and AcFT4 display a heightened expression level, specifically within the floral structures. The expression of AcFT3 and AcFT4 increases sharply and remains at a high level after 4 days of ethylene induction, while the expression of AcFT7 and AcMFT1 decreases gradually during the flowering process. Additionally, AcFT3, AcFT4 and AcFT7 show specific expression in different floral organs of pineapple. These outcomes imply that members belonging to the FT-like subfamily may have a significant impact on the process of bud differentiation and flower development. Through transcriptional activation analysis, it was determined that AcFT4 possesses transcriptional activation capability and is situated in the nucleus and peripheral cytoplasm. Overexpression of AcFT4 in Arabidopsis resulted in the promotion of early flowering by 6-7 days. The protein interaction prediction network identified potential flower regulators, including CO, AP1, LFY and SOC1, that may interact with PEBP proteins. This study explores flower development in pineapple, thereby serving as a valuable reference for future research endeavors in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Yanwei Ouyang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, China
| | - Ziqiong Li
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Hongna Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Yongzan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, China
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Hornstein ED, Charles M, Franklin M, Edwards B, Vintila S, Kleiner M, Sederoff H. Re-engineering a lost trait: IPD3, a master regulator of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, affects genes for immunity and metabolism of non-host Arabidopsis when restored long after its evolutionary loss. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.06.531368. [PMID: 36945518 PMCID: PMC10028889 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.06.531368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AM) is a beneficial trait originating with the first land plants, which has subsequently been lost by species scattered throughout the radiation of plant diversity to the present day, including the model Arabidopsis thaliana. To explore why an apparently beneficial trait would be repeatedly lost, we generated Arabidopsis plants expressing a constitutively active form of Interacting Protein of DMI3, a key transcription factor that enables AM within the Common Symbiosis Pathway, which was lost from Arabidopsis along with the AM host trait. We characterize the transcriptomic effect of expressing IPD3 in Arabidopsis with and without exposure to the AM fungus (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis, and compare these results to the AM model Lotus japonicus and its ipd3 knockout mutant cyclops-4. Despite its long history as a non-AM species, restoring IPD3 in the form of its constitutively active DNA-binding domain to Arabidopsis altered expression of specific gene networks. Surprisingly, the effect of expressing IPD3 in Arabidopsis and knocking it out in Lotus was strongest in plants not exposed to AMF, which is revealed to be due to changes in IPD3 genotype causing a transcriptional state which partially mimics AMF exposure in non-inoculated plants. Our results indicate that despite the long interval since loss of AM and IPD3 in Arabidopsis, molecular connections to symbiosis machinery remain in place in this nonAM species, with implications for both basic science and the prospect of engineering this trait for agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli D Hornstein
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Melodi Charles
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Megan Franklin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Brianne Edwards
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Simina Vintila
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Manuel Kleiner
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Heike Sederoff
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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