1
|
Scimone C, Donato L, Alibrandi S, Conti A, Bortolotti C, Germanò A, Alafaci C, Vinci SL, D'Angelo R, Sidoti A. Methylome analysis of endothelial cells suggests new insights on sporadic brain arteriovenous malformation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35126. [PMID: 39170526 PMCID: PMC11336478 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Arteriovenous malformation of the brain (bAVM) is a vascular phenotype related to brain defective angiogenesis. Involved vessels show impaired expression of vascular differentiation markers resulting in the arteriolar to venule direct shunt. In order to clarify aberrant gene expression occurring in bAVM, here we describe results obtained by methylome analysis performed on endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from bAVM specimens, compared to human cerebral microvascular ECs. Results were validated by quantitative methylation-specific PCR and quantitative realtime-PCR. Differential methylation events occur in genes already linked to bAVM onset, as RBPJ and KRAS. However, among differentially methylated genes, we identified EPHB1 and several other loci involved in EC adhesion as well as in EC/vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) crosstalk, suggesting that only endothelial dysfunction might not be sufficient to trigger the bAVM phenotype. Moreover, aberrant methylation pattern was reported for many lncRNA genes targeting transcription factors expressed during neurovascular development. Among these, the YBX1 that was recently shown to target the arteridin coding gene. Finally, in addition to the conventional CpG methylation, we further considered the role of impaired CHG methylation, mainly occurring in brain at embryo stage. We showed as differentially CHG methylated genes are clustered in pathways related to EC homeostasis, as well as to VSMC-EC crosstalk, suggesting as impairment of this interaction plays a prominent role in loss of vascular differentiation, in bAVM phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Scimone
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics, Cutting-edge Therapies, I.E.ME.S.T., Via Michele Miraglia 20, Palermo, 90139, Italy
| | - Luigi Donato
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics, Cutting-edge Therapies, I.E.ME.S.T., Via Michele Miraglia 20, Palermo, 90139, Italy
| | - Simona Alibrandi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics, Cutting-edge Therapies, I.E.ME.S.T., Via Michele Miraglia 20, Palermo, 90139, Italy
| | - Alfredo Conti
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40123, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Bortolotti
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40123, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonino Germanò
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Concetta Alafaci
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Sergio Lucio Vinci
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia D'Angelo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics, Cutting-edge Therapies, I.E.ME.S.T., Via Michele Miraglia 20, Palermo, 90139, Italy
| | - Antonina Sidoti
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics, Cutting-edge Therapies, I.E.ME.S.T., Via Michele Miraglia 20, Palermo, 90139, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Phng LK, Hogan BM. Endothelial cell transitions in zebrafish vascular development. Dev Growth Differ 2024; 66:357-368. [PMID: 39072708 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, developmental biologists have come to view vascular development as a series of progressive transitions. Mesoderm differentiates into endothelial cells; arteries, veins and lymphatic endothelial cells are specified from early endothelial cells; and vascular networks diversify and invade developing tissues and organs. Our understanding of this elaborate developmental process has benefitted from detailed studies using the zebrafish as a model system. Here, we review a number of key developmental transitions that occur in zebrafish during the formation of the blood and lymphatic vessel networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Kun Phng
- Laboratory for Vascular Morphogenesis, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Benjamin M Hogan
- Organogenesis and Cancer Programme, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology and the Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang J, Nie H. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of Sox gene family in the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 50:101244. [PMID: 38749209 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Sox transcription factors are vital in numerous fundamental biological processes. In this study, nine Sox gene family members were discovered in the Ruditapes philippinarum genome, classified into the SoxB1, SoxB2, SoxC, SoxD, SoxE, and SoxF groups, marking the first genome-wide identification of this gene family in R. philippinarum. Analyses of phylogeny, exon-intron structures, and domains bolster the support for their categorization and annotation. Furthermore, transcriptomic analyses across various developmental stages revealed that RpSox4, RpSox5, RpSox9, and RpSox11 were significantly expressed in the D-larval stage. Additionally, investigations into transcriptomes of clams with different shell colors indicated that most sox genes exhibited their highest expression levels in orange clams, followed by zebra, white zebra, and white clams, and the results of transcriptomes analysis in different tissues indicated that 8 Sox genes (except RpSox17) were highly expressed in the mantle tissue. Moreover, qPCR was used to detect the expression of Sox gene in R. philippinarum at different developmental periods, different shell colors and different tissues, and the results showed consistency with those of the transcriptomes. This study's findings lay the groundwork for additional exploration into the role of the Sox gene in melanin production in R. philippinarum shells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shellfish Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hongtao Nie
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shellfish Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen J, Zhang X, DeLaughter DM, Trembley MA, Saifee S, Xiao F, Chen J, Zhou P, Seidman CE, Seidman JG, Pu WT. Molecular and Spatial Signatures of Mouse Embryonic Endothelial Cells at Single-Cell Resolution. Circ Res 2024; 134:529-546. [PMID: 38348657 PMCID: PMC10906678 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mature endothelial cells (ECs) are heterogeneous, with subtypes defined by tissue origin and position within the vascular bed (ie, artery, capillary, vein, and lymphatic). How this heterogeneity is established during the development of the vascular system, especially arteriovenous specification of ECs, remains incompletely characterized. METHODS We used droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing and multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization to define EC and EC progenitor subtypes from E9.5, E12.5, and E15.5 mouse embryos. We used trajectory inference to analyze the specification of arterial ECs (aECs) and venous ECs (vECs) from EC progenitors. Network analysis identified candidate transcriptional regulators of arteriovenous differentiation, which we tested by CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) loss of function in human-induced pluripotent stem cells undergoing directed differentiation to aECs or vECs (human-induced pluripotent stem cell-aECs or human-induced pluripotent stem cell-vECs). RESULTS From the single-cell transcriptomes of 7682 E9.5 to E15.5 ECs, we identified 19 EC subtypes, including Etv2+Bnip3+ EC progenitors. Spatial transcriptomic analysis of 15 448 ECs provided orthogonal validation of these EC subtypes and established their spatial distribution. Most embryonic ECs were grouped by their vascular-bed types, while ECs from the brain, heart, liver, and lung were grouped by their tissue origins. Arterial (Eln, Dkk2, Vegfc, and Egfl8), venous (Fam174b and Clec14a), and capillary (Kcne3) marker genes were identified. Compared with aECs, embryonic vECs and capillary ECs shared fewer markers than their adult counterparts. Early capillary ECs with venous characteristics functioned as a branch point for differentiation of aEC and vEC lineages. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a spatiotemporal map of embryonic EC heterogeneity at single-cell resolution and demonstrate that the diversity of ECs in the embryo arises from both tissue origin and vascular-bed position. Developing aECs and vECs share common venous-featured capillary precursors and are regulated by distinct transcriptional regulatory networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Shaila Saifee
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiehui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pingzhu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine E. Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | | | - William T. Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moleri S, Mercurio S, Pezzotta A, D’Angelo D, Brix A, Plebani A, Lini G, Di Fuorti M, Beltrame M. Lymphatic Defects in Zebrafish sox18 Mutants Are Exacerbated by Perturbed VEGFC Signaling, While Masked by Elevated sox7 Expression. Cells 2023; 12:2309. [PMID: 37759531 PMCID: PMC10527217 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the transcription factor-coding gene SOX18, the growth factor-coding gene VEGFC and its receptor-coding gene VEGFR3/FLT4 cause primary lymphedema in humans. In mammals, SOX18, together with COUP-TFII/NR2F2, activates the expression of Prox1, a master regulator in lymphatic identity and development. Knockdown studies have also suggested an involvement of Sox18, Coup-tfII/Nr2f2, and Prox1 in zebrafish lymphatic development. Mutants in the corresponding genes initially failed to recapitulate the lymphatic defects observed in morphants. In this paper, we describe a novel zebrafish sox18 mutant allele, sa12315, which behaves as a null. The formation of the lymphatic thoracic duct is affected in sox18 homozygous mutants, but defects are milder in both zygotic and maternal-zygotic sox18 mutants than in sox18 morphants. Remarkably, in sox18 mutants, the expression of the closely related sox7 gene is elevated where lymphatic precursors arise. Sox7 could thus mask the absence of a functional Sox18 protein and account for the mild lymphatic phenotype in sox18 mutants, as shown in mice. Partial knockdown of vegfc exacerbates lymphatic defects in sox18 mutants, making them visible in heterozygotes. Our data thus reinforce the genetic interaction between Sox18 and Vegfc in lymphatic development, previously suggested by knockdown studies, and highlight the ability of Sox7 to compensate for Sox18 lymphatic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Moleri
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Mercurio
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Alex Pezzotta
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella D’Angelo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Brix
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Plebani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Lini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marialaura Di Fuorti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Beltrame
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hernández-García A, Pendleton KE, Kim S, Li Y, Kim BJ, Zaveri HP, Jordan VK, Berry AM, Ljungberg MC, Chen R, Lanz RB, Scott DA. SOX7 deficiency causes ventricular septal defects through its effects on endocardial-to-mesenchymal transition and the expression of Wnt4 and Bmp2. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:2152-2161. [PMID: 37000005 PMCID: PMC10281751 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SOX7 is a transcription factor-encoding gene located in a region on chromosome 8p23.1 that is recurrently deleted in individuals with ventricular septal defects (VSDs). We have previously shown that Sox7-/- embryos die of heart failure around E11.5. Here, we demonstrate that these embryos have hypocellular endocardial cushions with severely reduced numbers of mesenchymal cells. Ablation of Sox7 in the endocardium also resulted in hypocellular endocardial cushions, and we observed VSDs in rare E15.5 Sox7flox/-;Tie2-Cre and Sox7flox/flox;Tie2-Cre embryos that survived to E15.5. In atrioventricular explant studies, we showed that SOX7 deficiency leads to a severe reduction in endocardial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). RNA-seq studies performed on E9.5 Sox7-/- heart tubes revealed severely reduced Wnt4 transcript levels. Wnt4 is expressed in the endocardium and promotes EndMT by acting in a paracrine manner to increase the expression of Bmp2 in the myocardium. Both WNT4 and BMP2 have been previously implicated in the development of VSDs in individuals with 46,XX sex reversal with dysgenesis of kidney, adrenals and lungs (SERKAL) syndrome and in individuals with short stature, facial dysmorphism and skeletal anomalies with or without cardiac anomalies 1 (SSFSC1) syndrome, respectively. We now show that Sox7 and Wnt4 interact genetically in the development of VSDs through their additive effects on endocardial cushion development with Sox7+/-;Wnt4+/- double heterozygous embryos having hypocellular endocardial cushions and perimembranous and muscular VSDs not seen in their Sox7+/- and Wnt4+/- littermates. These results provide additional evidence that SOX7, WNT4 and BMP2 function in the same pathway during mammalian septal development and that their deficiency can contribute to the development of VSDs in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Hernández-García
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Katherine E Pendleton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sangbae Kim
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bum J Kim
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hitisha P Zaveri
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Valerie K Jordan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aliska M Berry
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - M Cecilia Ljungberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rainer B Lanz
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daryl A Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zanini F, Che X, Knutsen C, Liu M, Suresh NE, Domingo-Gonzalez R, Dou SH, Zhang D, Pryhuber GS, Jones RC, Quake SR, Cornfield DN, Alvira CM. Developmental diversity and unique sensitivity to injury of lung endothelial subtypes during postnatal growth. iScience 2023; 26:106097. [PMID: 36879800 PMCID: PMC9984561 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
At birth, the lung is still immature, heightening susceptibility to injury but enhancing regenerative capacity. Angiogenesis drives postnatal lung development. Therefore, we profiled the transcriptional ontogeny and sensitivity to injury of pulmonary endothelial cells (EC) during early postnatal life. Although subtype speciation was evident at birth, immature lung EC exhibited transcriptomes distinct from mature counterparts, which progressed dynamically over time. Gradual, temporal changes in aerocyte capillary EC (CAP2) contrasted with more marked alterations in general capillary EC (CAP1) phenotype, including distinct CAP1 present only in the early alveolar lung expressing Peg3, a paternally imprinted transcription factor. Hyperoxia, an injury that impairs angiogenesis induced both common and unique endothelial gene signatures, dysregulated capillary EC crosstalk, and suppressed CAP1 proliferation while stimulating venous EC proliferation. These data highlight the diversity, transcriptomic evolution, and pleiotropic responses to injury of immature lung EC, possessing broad implications for lung development and injury across the lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Zanini
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Xibing Che
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Asthma and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Carsten Knutsen
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nina E. Suresh
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Asthma and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Racquel Domingo-Gonzalez
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Steve H. Dou
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daoqin Zhang
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gloria S. Pryhuber
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Robert C. Jones
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephen R. Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David N. Cornfield
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Asthma and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cristina M. Alvira
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang H, Yamaguchi T, Kawabata K. The maturation of iPS cell-derived brain microvascular endothelial cells by inducible-SOX18 expression. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:10. [PMID: 36732767 PMCID: PMC9893670 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) play a major role in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and are critical for establishing an in vitro BBB model. Currently, iPSC-derived BMECs (iBMECs) have been used to construct in vitro BBB models with physiological barrier functions, such as high trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and expression of transporter proteins. However, the relatively low p-glycoprotein (P-gp) level and a decrease in the efflux ratio of its substrates in iBMECs suggest their immature nature. Therefore, more mature iBMECs by optimizing the differentiation induction protocol is beneficial for establishing a more reliable in vitro BBB model for studying central nervous system (CNS) drug transport. METHODS To identify human brain endothelial cell fate-inducing factors, HUVEC was transfected with Zic3A-, Zic3B-, and Sox18-expressing lentivirus vector. Since SOX18 was found to induce BMEC properties, we used a Dox-inducible Tet-on system to express SOX18 during iBMEC differentiation and explored the impact of SOX18 expression on iBMEC maturation. RESULTS Sox18-mediated iBMECs achieved a higher TEER value than normal iBMECs (> 3000 Ω cm2). From day 6 to day 10 (d6-10 group), the iBMECs with SOX18 expression expressed a series of tight junction markers and showed upregulation of Mfsd2a, a specific marker of the BBB. The d6-10 group also expressed SLC2A1/Glut1 at levels as high as normal iBMECs, and upregulated ABCB1/P-gp and ABCC1/MRP1 expression. Moreover, Sox18-mediated iBMECs showed higher viability than normal iBMECs after puromycin treatment, indicating that SOX18 expression could upregulate P-gp activity in iBMECs. CONCLUSIONS Inducible SOX18 expression in iBMECs gained BBB phenotypes, including high TEER values and upregulation of tight junction-related genes, endothelial cell (EC) markers, BBB transporters, and higher cell viability after treatment with puromycin. Collectively, we provide a differentiation method for the maturation of human iPS cell-derived BMECs with SOX18 expression, describing its contribution to form an in vitro BBB model for CNS drug transport studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhang
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Laboratory of Biomedical Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan ,grid.482562.fLaboratory of Cell Model for Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Saito-Asagi 7-6-8, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085 Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamaguchi
- grid.482562.fLaboratory of Cell Model for Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Saito-Asagi 7-6-8, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085 Japan
| | - Kenji Kawabata
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Laboratory of Biomedical Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan ,grid.482562.fLaboratory of Cell Model for Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Saito-Asagi 7-6-8, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Panara V, Monteiro R, Koltowska K. Epigenetic Regulation of Endothelial Cell Lineages During Zebrafish Development-New Insights From Technical Advances. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:891538. [PMID: 35615697 PMCID: PMC9125237 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.891538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation is integral in orchestrating the spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression which underlies tissue development. The emergence of new tools to assess genome-wide epigenetic modifications has enabled significant advances in the field of vascular biology in zebrafish. Zebrafish represents a powerful model to investigate the activity of cis-regulatory elements in vivo by combining technologies such as ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq and CUT&Tag with the generation of transgenic lines and live imaging to validate the activity of these regulatory elements. Recently, this approach led to the identification and characterization of key enhancers of important vascular genes, such as gata2a, notch1b and dll4. In this review we will discuss how the latest technologies in epigenetics are being used in the zebrafish to determine chromatin states and assess the function of the cis-regulatory sequences that shape the zebrafish vascular network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Panara
- Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rui Monteiro
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Centre of Genome Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Seebauer CT, Graus MS, Huang L, McCann AJ, Wylie-Sears J, Fontaine FR, Karnezis T, Zurakowski D, Staffa SJ, Meunier FA, Mulliken JB, Bischoff J, Francois M. Non-β-blocker enantiomers of propranolol and atenolol inhibit vasculogenesis in infantile hemangioma. J Clin Invest 2021; 132:151109. [PMID: 34874911 PMCID: PMC8803322 DOI: 10.1172/jci151109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Propranolol and atenolol, current therapies for problematic infantile hemangioma (IH), are composed of R(+) and S(–) enantiomers: the R(+) enantiomer is largely devoid of beta blocker activity. We investigated the effect of R(+) enantiomers of propranolol and atenolol on the formation of IH-like blood vessels from hemangioma stem cells (HemSCs) in a murine xenograft model. Both R(+) enantiomers inhibited HemSC vessel formation in vivo. In vitro, similar to R(+) propranolol, both atenolol and its R(+) enantiomer inhibited HemSC to endothelial cell differentiation. As our previous work implicated the transcription factor sex-determining region Y (SRY) box transcription factor 18 (SOX18) in propranolol-mediated inhibition of HemSC to endothelial differentiation, we tested in parallel a known SOX18 small-molecule inhibitor (Sm4) and show that this compound inhibited HemSC vessel formation in vivo with efficacy similar to that seen with the R(+) enantiomers. We next examined how R(+) propranolol alters SOX18 transcriptional activity. Using a suite of biochemical, biophysical, and quantitative molecular imaging assays, we show that R(+) propranolol directly interfered with SOX18 target gene trans-activation, disrupted SOX18-chromatin binding dynamics, and reduced SOX18 dimer formation. We propose that the R(+) enantiomers of widely used beta blockers could be repurposed to increase the efficiency of current IH treatment and lower adverse associated side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline T Seebauer
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Matthew S Graus
- David Richmond Laboratory for Cardiovascular Development, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Alex J McCann
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jill Wylie-Sears
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Frank R Fontaine
- Gertrude Biomedical, Gertrude Biomedical Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tara Karnezis
- Gertrude Biomedical, Gertrude Biomedical Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Zurakowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Steven J Staffa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Frédéric A Meunier
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John B Mulliken
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Joyce Bischoff
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Mathias Francois
- David Richmond Laboratory for Cardiovascular Development, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
McCann AJ, Lou J, Moustaqil M, Graus MS, Blum A, Fontaine F, Liu H, Luu W, Rudolffi-Soto P, Koopman P, Sierecki E, Gambin Y, Meunier FA, Liu Z, Hinde E, Francois M. A dominant-negative SOX18 mutant disrupts multiple regulatory layers essential to transcription factor activity. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:10931-10955. [PMID: 34570228 PMCID: PMC8565327 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Few genetically dominant mutations involved in human disease have been fully explained at the molecular level. In cases where the mutant gene encodes a transcription factor, the dominant-negative mode of action of the mutant protein is particularly poorly understood. Here, we studied the genome-wide mechanism underlying a dominant-negative form of the SOX18 transcription factor (SOX18RaOp) responsible for both the classical mouse mutant Ragged Opossum and the human genetic disorder Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia-renal defect syndrome. Combining three single-molecule imaging assays in living cells together with genomics and proteomics analysis, we found that SOX18RaOp disrupts the system through an accumulation of molecular interferences which impair several functional properties of the wild-type SOX18 protein, including its target gene selection process. The dominant-negative effect is further amplified by poisoning the interactome of its wild-type counterpart, which perturbs regulatory nodes such as SOX7 and MEF2C. Our findings explain in unprecedented detail the multi-layered process that underpins the molecular aetiology of dominant-negative transcription factor function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex J McCann
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jieqiong Lou
- School of Physics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Mehdi Moustaqil
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 1466, Australia
| | - Matthew S Graus
- The David Richmond Laboratory for Cardio-Vascular Development: gene regulation and editing, The Centenary Institute, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ailisa Blum
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Frank Fontaine
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hui Liu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, United States
| | - Winnie Luu
- The David Richmond Laboratory for Cardio-Vascular Development: gene regulation and editing, The Centenary Institute, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Paulina Rudolffi-Soto
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 1466, Australia
| | - Peter Koopman
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Emma Sierecki
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 1466, Australia
| | - Yann Gambin
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 1466, Australia
| | - Frédéric A Meunier
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhe Liu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, United States
| | - Elizabeth Hinde
- School of Physics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Mathias Francois
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.,The David Richmond Laboratory for Cardio-Vascular Development: gene regulation and editing, The Centenary Institute, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Martin-Almedina S, Mortimer PS, Ostergaard P. Development and physiological functions of the lymphatic system: insights from human genetic studies of primary lymphedema. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:1809-1871. [PMID: 33507128 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary lymphedema is a long-term (chronic) condition characterized by tissue lymph retention and swelling that can affect any part of the body, although it usually develops in the arms or legs. Due to the relevant contribution of the lymphatic system to human physiology, while this review mainly focuses on the clinical and physiological aspects related to the regulation of fluid homeostasis and edema, clinicians need to know that the impact of lymphatic dysfunction with a genetic origin can be wide ranging. Lymphatic dysfunction can affect immune function so leading to infection; it can influence cancer development and spread, and it can determine fat transport so impacting on nutrition and obesity. Genetic studies and the development of imaging techniques for the assessment of lymphatic function have enabled the recognition of primary lymphedema as a heterogenic condition in terms of genetic causes and disease mechanisms. In this review, the known biological functions of several genes crucial to the development and function of the lymphatic system are used as a basis for understanding normal lymphatic biology. The disease conditions originating from mutations in these genes are discussed together with a detailed clinical description of the phenotype and the up-to-date knowledge in terms of disease mechanisms acquired from in vitro and in vivo research models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Martin-Almedina
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter S Mortimer
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Dermatology and Lymphovascular Medicine, St. George's Universities NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pia Ostergaard
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jiang X, Li T, Li B, Wei W, Li F, Chen S, Xu R, Sun K. SOX7 suppresses endothelial-to-mesenchymal transitions by enhancing VE-cadherin expression during outflow tract development. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:829-846. [PMID: 33720353 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a critical process that occurs during the development of the outflow tract (OFT). Malformations of the OFT can lead to the occurrence of conotruncal defect (CTD). SOX7 duplication has been reported in patients with congenital CTD, but its specific role in OFT development remains poorly understood. To decipher this, histological analysis showed that SRY-related HMG-box 7 (SOX7) was regionally expressed in the endocardial endothelial cells and in the mesenchymal cells of the OFT, where EndMT occurs. Experiments, using in vitro collagen gel culture system, revealed that SOX7 was a negative regulator of EndMT that inhibited endocardial cell (EC) migration and resulted in decreased number of mesenchymal cells. Forced expression of SOX7 in endothelial cells blocked further migration and improved the expression of the adhesion protein vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin (VE-cadherin). Moreover, a VE-cadherin knockdown could partly reverse the SOX7-mediated repression of cell migration. Luciferase and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) demonstrated that SOX7 up-regulated VE-cadherin by directly binding to the gene's promoter in endothelial cells. The coding exons and splicing regions of the SOX7 gene were also scanned in the 536 sporadic CTD patients and in 300 unaffected controls, which revealed four heterozygous SOX7 mutations. Luciferase assays revealed that two SOX7 variants weakened the transactivation of the VE-cadherin promoter. In conclusion, SOX7 inhibited EndMT during OFT development by directly up-regulating the endothelial-specific adhesion molecule VE-cadherin. SOX7 mutations can lead to impaired EndMT by regulating VE-cadherin, which may give rise to the molecular mechanisms associated with SOX7 in CTD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Jiang
- Scientific Research Center, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bojian Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Sun Chen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Rang Xu
- Scientific Research Center, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Crosse EI, Gordon-Keylock S, Rybtsov S, Binagui-Casas A, Felchle H, Nnadi NC, Kirschner K, Chandra T, Tamagno S, Webb DJ, Rossi F, Anderson RA, Medvinsky A. Multi-layered Spatial Transcriptomics Identify Secretory Factors Promoting Human Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:822-839.e8. [PMID: 32946788 PMCID: PMC7671940 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) first emerge in the embryonic aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region. Studies of model organisms defined intersecting signaling pathways that converge to promote HSC emergence predominantly in the ventral domain of the dorsal aorta. Much less is known about mechanisms driving HSC development in humans. Here, to identify secreted signals underlying human HSC development, we combined spatial transcriptomics analysis of dorsoventral polarized signaling in the aorta with gene expression profiling of sorted cell populations and single cells. Our analysis revealed a subset of aortic endothelial cells with a downregulated arterial signature and a predicted lineage relationship with the emerging HSC/progenitor population. Analysis of the ventrally polarized molecular landscape identified endothelin 1 as an important secreted regulator of human HSC development. The obtained gene expression datasets will inform future studies on mechanisms of HSC development in vivo and on generation of clinically relevant HSCs in vitro. Spatial transcriptome profiling of the human HSC developmental niche Characterization of an HSC precursor population at single-cell resolution Cardiac EGF pathway is ventrally enriched next to developing IAHCs/HSCs Ventrally secreted endothelin promotes development of HSCs
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edie I Crosse
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | | | - Stanislav Rybtsov
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Anahi Binagui-Casas
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Hannah Felchle
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Nneka C Nnadi
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Kristina Kirschner
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden G61 1QH, UK
| | - Tamir Chandra
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Sara Tamagno
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - David J Webb
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Fiona Rossi
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Richard A Anderson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ UK
| | - Alexander Medvinsky
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chestnut B, Casie Chetty S, Koenig AL, Sumanas S. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis identifies the conversion of zebrafish Etv2-deficient vascular progenitors into skeletal muscle. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2796. [PMID: 32493965 PMCID: PMC7271194 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell fate decisions involved in vascular and hematopoietic embryonic development are still poorly understood. An ETS transcription factor Etv2 functions as an evolutionarily conserved master regulator of vasculogenesis. Here we report a single-cell transcriptomic analysis of hematovascular development in wild-type and etv2 mutant zebrafish embryos. Distinct transcriptional signatures of different types of hematopoietic and vascular progenitors are identified using an etv2ci32Gt gene trap line, in which the Gal4 transcriptional activator is integrated into the etv2 gene locus. We observe a cell population with a skeletal muscle signature in etv2-deficient embryos. We demonstrate that multiple etv2ci32Gt; UAS:GFP cells differentiate as skeletal muscle cells instead of contributing to vasculature in etv2-deficient embryos. Wnt and FGF signaling promote the differentiation of these putative multipotent etv2 progenitor cells into skeletal muscle cells. We conclude that etv2 actively represses muscle differentiation in vascular progenitors, thus restricting these cells to a vascular endothelial fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Chestnut
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Satish Casie Chetty
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Andrew L Koenig
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Saulius Sumanas
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang J, Yu P, Liu T, Qiao D, Hu Q, Su S. Identification and functional analysis of SOX transcription factors in the genome of the Chinese soft-shell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 242:110407. [PMID: 31923463 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
SOX transcription factors play an irreplaceable role in biological developmental processes. Sox genes have been identified in a wide variety of species; however, their identification and functional analysis in the genome of the Chinese soft-shell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) have not been performed. In the present study, the Chinese soft-shell turtle genome was found to contain 17 Sox genes, which were categorized into seven groups according to their phylogenetic relationships. Gene structure and protein motif analysis of the Sox genes showed that within the same phylogenetic group, their exon-intron number and motif structure of the Sox family were relatively conserved, but diverged in the comparison between different groups. Sexual dimorphism expression analysis for the Sox genes displayed that Sox8 and Sox9 were upregulated in the testis, while Sox3, Sox7, Sox11, and Sox13 were upregulated in the ovary. A correlation network analysis of SOX transcription factors with their target genes analysis showed that Sox3 correlated negatively with Sox9 and gata4. Sox11 and Sox7 correlated negatively with gata4. Sox8 and Sox9 correlated positively with gata4. Therefore, the genome-wide identification and functional analysis of the Sox gene family will be useful to further reveal the functions of Sox genes in the Chinese soft-shell turtle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Peng Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Dan Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qingtao Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shiping Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li M, Zhang T, Jia Y, Sun Y, Zhang S, Mi P, Feng Z, Zhao X, Chen D, Feng X. Combined treatment of melatonin and sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate reduced the neurological and cardiovascular toxicity induced by deltamethrin in zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125373. [PMID: 31765895 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin has been reported to have an effect on vertebrate development and cardiovascular disease. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) is considered to have cardioprotective effects and melatonin is known to regulate sleep-waking cycles. In this experiment, we used transgenic zebrafish Tg (kdrl:mCherry) and Tg (myl7:GFP) to investigate whether STS and melatonin could reverse the cardiovascular toxicity and neurotoxicity induced by deltamethrin. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 25 μg/L deltamethrin at 10 hpf and treated with 100 mmol/L STS and 1 μmol/L melatonin showed that deltamethrin treatment affected normal cardiovascular development. In situ hybridization and qRT-PCR results showed that deltamethrin could interfere with the normal expression of cardiovascular development-related genes vegfr2, shh, gata4, nkx2.5, causing functional defects in the cardiovascular system. In addition, deltamethrin could affect the sleep-waking behavior of larvae, increasing the activity of larvae, decreasing the rest behavior and the expression of hcrt, hcrtr, aanat2 were down-regulated. The addition of melatonin and STS can significantly alleviate cardiovascular toxicity and sleep-waking induced by deltamethrin, while restoring the expression of related genes to normal levels. Our study demonstrates the role of STS and melatonin in protecting cardiovascular and sleep-waking behavior caused by deltamethrin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ti Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - YiQing Jia
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - YuMeng Sun
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - ShaoZhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ping Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - ZeYang Feng
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - DongYan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - XiZeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Skip is essential for Notch signaling to induce Sox2 in cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Cell Signal 2020; 68:109537. [PMID: 31927035 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling and Sry-box (Sox) family transcriptional factors both play critical roles in endothelial cell (EC) differentiation in vascularization. Recent studies have shown that excessive Notch signaling induces Sox2 to cause cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Here, we examine human pulmonary AVMs and find no induction of Sox2. Results of epigenetic studies also show less alteration of Sox2-DNA binding in pulmonary AVMs than in cerebral AVMs. We identify high expression of ski-interacting protein (Skip) in brain ECs, a Notch-associated chromatin-modifying protein that is lacking in lung ECs. Knockdown of Skip abolished Notch-induction of Sox2 in brain ECs, while restoration of Skip in lung ECs enabled Notch-mediated Sox2 induction. The results suggest that Skip is a key factor for induction of Sox2 in cerebral AVMs.
Collapse
|
19
|
Higashijima Y, Kanki Y. Molecular mechanistic insights: The emerging role of SOXF transcription factors in tumorigenesis and development. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 67:39-48. [PMID: 31536760 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the development and progress of next-generation sequencers incorporated with classical biochemical analyses have drastically produced novel insights into transcription factors, including Sry-like high-mobility group box (SOX) factors. In addition to their primary functions in binding to and activating specific downstream genes, transcription factors also participate in the dedifferentiation or direct reprogramming of somatic cells to undifferentiated cells or specific lineage cells. Since the discovery of SOX factors, members of the SOXF (SOX7, SOX17, and SOX18) family have been identified to play broad roles, especially with regard to cardiovascular development. More recently, SOXF factors have been recognized as crucial players in determining the cell fate and in the regulation of cancer cells. Here, we provide an overview of research on the mechanism by which SOXF factors regulate development and cancer, and discuss their potential as new targets for cancer drugs while offering insight into novel mechanistic transcriptional regulation during cell lineage commitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Higashijima
- Department of Bioinformational Pharmacology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Kanki
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
The formation and remodeling of a functional circulatory system is critical for sustaining prenatal and postnatal life. During embryogenesis, newly differentiated endothelial cells require further specification to create the unique features of distinct vessel subtypes needed to support tissue morphogenesis. In this review, we explore signaling pathways and transcriptional regulators that modulate endothelial cell differentiation and specification, as well as applications of these processes to stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. We also summarize recent technical advances, including the growing utilization of single-cell sequencing to study vascular heterogeneity and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Qiu
- From the Department of Genetics (J.Q., K.K.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Medicine (J.Q., K.K.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Yale Cardiovascular Research Center (J.Q., K.K.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (J.Q., K.K.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Karen K Hirschi
- From the Department of Genetics (J.Q., K.K.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Medicine (J.Q., K.K.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Yale Cardiovascular Research Center (J.Q., K.K.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (J.Q., K.K.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yao J, Wu X, Zhang D, Wang L, Zhang L, Reynolds EX, Hernandez C, Boström KI, Yao Y. Elevated endothelial Sox2 causes lumen disruption and cerebral arteriovenous malformations. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3121-3133. [PMID: 31232700 DOI: 10.1172/jci125965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumen integrity in vascularization requires fully differentiated endothelial cells (ECs). Here, we report that endothelial-mesenchymal transitions (EndMTs) emerged in ECs of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVMs) and caused disruption of the lumen or lumen disorder. We show that excessive Sry-box 2 (Sox2) signaling was responsible for the EndMTs in cerebral AVMs. EC-specific suppression of Sox2 normalized endothelial differentiation and lumen formation and improved the cerebral AVMs. Epigenetic studies showed that induction of Sox2 altered the cerebral-endothelial transcriptional landscape and identified jumonji domain-containing protein 5 (JMJD5) as a direct target of Sox2. Sox2 interacted with JMJD5 to induce EndMTs in cerebral ECs. Furthermore, we utilized a high-throughput system to identify the β-adrenergic antagonist pronethalol as an inhibitor of Sox2 expression. Treatment with pronethalol stabilized endothelial differentiation and lumen formation, which limited the cerebral AVMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Yao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xiuju Wu
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daoqin Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lumin Wang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eric X Reynolds
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carlos Hernandez
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kristina I Boström
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,The Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yucheng Yao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Iwasaki R, Tsuge K, Kishimoto K, Hayashi Y, Iwaana T, Hohjoh H, Inazumi T, Kawahara A, Tsuchiya S, Sugimoto Y. Essential role of prostaglandin E 2 and the EP3 receptor in lymphatic vessel development during zebrafish embryogenesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7650. [PMID: 31114004 PMCID: PMC6529442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic endothelial cells arise from the venous endothelial cells in embryonic lymphatic development. However, the molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We here report that prostaglandin (PG) E2 plays essential roles in the embryonic lymphatic development through the EP3 receptor, one of the PGE2 receptors. Knockdown of the EP3 receptor or inhibition of cyclooxygenases (COX; rate-limiting enzymes for PG synthesis) impaired lymphatic development by perturbing lymphatic specification during zebrafish development. These impairments by COX inhibition were recovered by treatment with sulprostone (EP1/3 agonist). Knockdown of the EP3 receptor further demonstrated its requirement in the expression of sex determining region Y-box 18 (sox18) and nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 2 (nr2f2), essential factors of the lymphatic specification. The EP3 receptor was expressed in the posterior cardinal vein (region of embryonic lymphatic development) and the adjacent intermediate cell mass (ICM) during the lymphatic specification. COX1 was expressed in the region more upstream of the posterior cardinal vein relative to the EP3 receptor, and the COX1-selective inhibitor impaired the lymphatic specification. On the other hand, two COX2 subtypes did not show distinct sites of expression around the region of expression of the EP3 receptor. Finally, we generated EP3-deficient zebrafish, which also showed defect in lymphatic specification and development. Thus, we demonstrated that COX1-derived PGE2-EP3 pathway is required for embryonic lymphatic development by upregulating the expression of key factors for the lymphatic specification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Iwasaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, 862-0973, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kyoshiro Tsuge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, 862-0973, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kishimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, 862-0973, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuta Hayashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, 862-0973, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Iwaana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, 862-0973, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hohjoh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, 862-0973, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Inazumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, 862-0973, Kumamoto, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, 100-0004, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuo Kawahara
- Laboratory for Developmental Biology, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, 409-3898, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Soken Tsuchiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, 862-0973, Kumamoto, Japan. .,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, 100-0004, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yukihiko Sugimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, 862-0973, Kumamoto, Japan. .,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, 100-0004, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu F, Guo L, Xin G, Wang Z. miR-452 promotes cell metastasis and the epithelial to mesenchymal by targeting SOX7 in clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:8401-8408. [PMID: 30506716 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common renal cell carcinoma (RCC), representing 75%-80% of the cases of RCC, and characterized by a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. miR-452 acts as a tumor promoter in several tumors, including ccRCC. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of miR-452 in ccRCC. miR-452 and SOX7 messenger RNA and protein levels were calculated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. MTT and Transwell assays were utilized to measure proliferative and invasive abilities. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the association between the expression of miR-452 or SOX7 and the overall survival of ccRCC patients. Our results showed that miR-452 was overexpressed in ccRCC tissues and cells, and upregulation of miR-452 predicted a poor 5-year survival in ccRCC patients. In contrast, expression of SOX7 was low and downregulation of SOX7 predicted poor prognosis in ccRCC. In addition, miR-452 promoted cell proliferation, invasion, and the EMT, while SOX7 reversed the function of miR-452 on cell proliferation and invasion in 786-O cells. In conclusion, miR-452 was shown to inhibit cell proliferation, invasion, and the EMT through SOX7 in ccRCC, and the newly identified miR-452/SOX7 axis provided novel insight into the pathogenesis of ccRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lihua Guo
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guangda Xin
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Boyle Anderson EAT, Ho RK. A transcriptomics analysis of the Tbx5 paralogues in zebrafish. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208766. [PMID: 30532148 PMCID: PMC6287840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TBX5 is essential for limb and heart development. Mutations in TBX5 are associated with Holt-Oram syndrome in humans. Due to the teleost specific genome duplication, zebrafish have two copies of TBX5: tbx5a and tbx5b. Both of these genes are expressed in regions of the lateral plate mesoderm and retina. In this study, we perform comparative RNA sequencing analysis on zebrafish embryos during the stages of lateral plate mesoderm migration. This work shows that knockdown of the Tbx5 paralogues results in altered gene expression in many tissues outside of the lateral plate mesoderm, especially in the somitic mesoderm and the intermediate mesoderm. Specifically, knockdown of tbx5b results in changes in somite size, in the differentiation of vasculature progenitors and in later patterning of trunk blood vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin A. T. Boyle Anderson
- Committee on Development, Regeneration, and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Robert K. Ho
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
The development processes of arteries and veins are fundamentally different, leading to distinct differences in anatomy, structure, and function as well as molecular profiles. Understanding the complex interaction between genetic and epigenetic pathways, as well as extracellular and biomechanical signals that orchestrate arterial venous differentiation, is not only critical for the understanding of vascular diseases of arteries and veins but also valuable for vascular tissue engineering strategies. Recent research has suggested that certain transcriptional factors not only control arterial venous differentiation during development but also play a critical role in adult vessel function and disease processes. This review summarizes the signaling pathways and critical transcription factors that are important for arterial versus venous specification. We focus on those signals that have a direct relation to the structure and function of arteries and veins, and have implications for vascular disease processes and tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Niklason
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Departments of Anesthesiology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA
| | - Guohao Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cardiovascular Disease: An Introduction. BIOMATHEMATICAL AND BIOMECHANICAL MODELING OF THE CIRCULATORY AND VENTILATORY SYSTEMS 2018. [PMCID: PMC7123129 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89315-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a collective term designating all types of affliction affecting the blood circulatory system, including the heart and vasculature, which, respectively, displaces and conveys the blood.
Collapse
|
27
|
Hogan BM, Schulte-Merker S. How to Plumb a Pisces: Understanding Vascular Development and Disease Using Zebrafish Embryos. Dev Cell 2017; 42:567-583. [PMID: 28950100 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Our vasculature plays diverse and critical roles in homeostasis and disease. In recent decades, the use of zebrafish has driven our understanding of vascular development into new areas, identifying new genes and mechanisms controlling vessel formation and allowing unprecedented observation of the cellular and molecular events that shape the developing vasculature. Here, we highlight key mechanisms controlling formation of the zebrafish vasculature and investigate how knowledge from this highly tractable model system has informed our understanding of vascular disease in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Hogan
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Münster 48149, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC-1003), WWU Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chiang IKN, Fritzsche M, Pichol-Thievend C, Neal A, Holmes K, Lagendijk A, Overman J, D'Angelo D, Omini A, Hermkens D, Lesieur E, Liu K, Ratnayaka I, Corada M, Bou-Gharios G, Carroll J, Dejana E, Schulte-Merker S, Hogan B, Beltrame M, De Val S, Francois M. SoxF factors induce Notch1 expression via direct transcriptional regulation during early arterial development. Development 2017; 144:2629-2639. [PMID: 28619820 PMCID: PMC5536923 DOI: 10.1242/dev.146241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Arterial specification and differentiation are influenced by a number of regulatory pathways. While it is known that the Vegfa-Notch cascade plays a central role, the transcriptional hierarchy controlling arterial specification has not been fully delineated. To elucidate the direct transcriptional regulators of Notch receptor expression in arterial endothelial cells, we used histone signatures, DNaseI hypersensitivity and ChIP-seq data to identify enhancers for the human NOTCH1 and zebrafish notch1b genes. These enhancers were able to direct arterial endothelial cell-restricted expression in transgenic models. Genetic disruption of SoxF binding sites established a clear requirement for members of this group of transcription factors (SOX7, SOX17 and SOX18) to drive the activity of these enhancers in vivo Endogenous deletion of the notch1b enhancer led to a significant loss of arterial connections to the dorsal aorta in Notch pathway-deficient zebrafish. Loss of SoxF function revealed that these factors are necessary for NOTCH1 and notch1b enhancer activity and for correct endogenous transcription of these genes. These findings position SoxF transcription factors directly upstream of Notch receptor expression during the acquisition of arterial identity in vertebrates.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Arteries/embryology
- Arteries/metabolism
- Arteriovenous Malformations/embryology
- Arteriovenous Malformations/genetics
- Arteriovenous Malformations/metabolism
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Pregnancy
- Receptor, Notch1/deficiency
- Receptor, Notch1/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- SOXF Transcription Factors/deficiency
- SOXF Transcription Factors/genetics
- SOXF Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Signal Transduction
- Zebrafish
- Zebrafish Proteins/deficiency
- Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Kim-Ni Chiang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Martin Fritzsche
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, The University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Cathy Pichol-Thievend
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alice Neal
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, The University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Kelly Holmes
- Cancer Research UK, The University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Anne Lagendijk
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jeroen Overman
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Donatella D'Angelo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Omini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dorien Hermkens
- University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Mendelstrasse 7, 48149 Münster and CiM Cluster of Excellence, Germany
| | - Emmanuelle Lesieur
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ke Liu
- Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Indrika Ratnayaka
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, The University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Monica Corada
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 1620139 Milan, Italy
| | - George Bou-Gharios
- Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Jason Carroll
- Cancer Research UK, The University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 1620139 Milan, Italy
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Mendelstrasse 7, 48149 Münster and CiM Cluster of Excellence, Germany
| | - Benjamin Hogan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Monica Beltrame
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Sarah De Val
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, The University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Mathias Francois
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Villani R, Hodgson S, Legrand J, Greaney J, Wong HY, Pichol-Thievend C, Adolphe C, Wainwight B, Francois M, Khosrotehrani K. Dominant-negative Sox18 function inhibits dermal papilla maturation and differentiation in all murine hair types. Development 2017; 144:1887-1895. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.143917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SOX family proteins SOX2 and SOX18 have been reported as being essential in determining hair follicle type; however, the role they play during development remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Sox18 regulates the normal differentiation of the dermal papilla of all hair types. In guard (primary) hair dermal condensate (DC) cells, we identified transient Sox18 in addition to SOX2 expression at E14.5, which allowed fate tracing of primary DC cells until birth. Similarly, expression of Sox18 was detected in the DC cells of secondary hairs at E16.5 and in tertiary hair at E18.5. Dominant-negative Sox18 mutation (opposum) did not prevent DC formation in any hair type. However, it affected dermal papilla differentiation, restricting hair formation especially in secondary and tertiary hairs. This Sox18 mutation also prevented neonatal dermal cells or dermal papilla spheres from inducing hair in regeneration assays. Microarray expression studies identified WNT5A and TNC as potential downstream effectors of SOX18 that are important for epidermal WNT signalling. In conclusion, SOX18 acts as a mesenchymal molecular switch necessary for the formation and function of the dermal papilla in all hair types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Villani
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - Samantha Hodgson
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julien Legrand
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jessica Greaney
- The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ho Yi Wong
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cathy Pichol-Thievend
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christelle Adolphe
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brandon Wainwight
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mathias Francois
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane 4102, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lilly AJ, Lacaud G, Kouskoff V. SOXF transcription factors in cardiovascular development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 63:50-57. [PMID: 27470491 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular development during embryogenesis involves complex changes in gene regulatory networks regulated by a variety of transcription factors. In this review we discuss the various reported roles of the SOXF factors: SOX7, SOX17 and SOX18 in cardiac, vascular and lymphatic development. SOXF factors have pleiotropic roles during these processes, and there is significant redundancy and functional compensation between SOXF family members. Despite this, evidence suggests that there is some specificity in the transcriptional programs they regulate which is necessary to control the differentiation and behaviour of endothelial subpopulations. Furthermore, SOXF factors appear to have an indirect role in regulating cardiac mesoderm specification and differentiation. Understanding how SOXF factors are regulated, as well as their downstream transcriptional target genes, will be important for unravelling their roles in cardiovascular development and related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Lilly
- Cancer Research UK, Stem Cell Hematopoiesis, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow road, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Georges Lacaud
- Cancer Research UK, Stem Cell Biology group Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow road, M20 4BX, UK.
| | - Valerie Kouskoff
- Cancer Research UK, Stem Cell Hematopoiesis, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow road, M20 4BX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Crist AM, Young C, Meadows SM. Characterization of arteriovenous identity in the developing neonate mouse retina. Gene Expr Patterns 2017; 23-24:22-31. [PMID: 28167138 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The murine retina has become an ideal model to study blood vessel formation. Blood vessels in the retina undergo various processes, including remodeling and differentiation, to form a stereotypical network that consists of precisely patterned arteries and veins. This model presents a powerful tool for understanding many different aspects of angiogenesis including artery and vein (AV) cell fate acquisition and differentiation. However, characterization of AV differentiation has been largely unexplored in the mouse retinal model. In this study, we describe the expression of previously established AV markers and assess arteriovenous acquisition and identity in the murine neonatal retina. Using in situ hybridization and immunofluorescent antibody staining techniques, we analyzed numerous AV differentiation markers such as EphB4-EphrinB2 and members of the Notch pathway. We find that at postnatal day 3 (P3), when blood vessels are beginning to populate the retina, AV identity is not immediately established. However, by P5 expression of many molecular identifiers of arteries and veins become restricted to their respective vessel types. This molecular distinction is more obvious at P7 and remains unchanged through P9. Overall, these studies indicate that, similar to the embryo, acquisition of AV identity occurs in a step-wise process and is largely established by P7 during retina development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Crist
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, USA
| | - Chandler Young
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Overman J, Fontaine F, Moustaqil M, Mittal D, Sierecki E, Sacilotto N, Zuegg J, Robertson AAB, Holmes K, Salim AA, Mamidyala S, Butler MS, Robinson AS, Lesieur E, Johnston W, Alexandrov K, Black BL, Hogan BM, De Val S, Capon RJ, Carroll JS, Bailey TL, Koopman P, Jauch R, Smyth MJ, Cooper MA, Gambin Y, Francois M. Pharmacological targeting of the transcription factor SOX18 delays breast cancer in mice. eLife 2017; 6:e21221. [PMID: 28137359 PMCID: PMC5283831 DOI: 10.7554/elife.21221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological targeting of transcription factors holds great promise for the development of new therapeutics, but strategies based on blockade of DNA binding, nuclear shuttling, or individual protein partner recruitment have yielded limited success to date. Transcription factors typically engage in complex interaction networks, likely masking the effects of specifically inhibiting single protein-protein interactions. Here, we used a combination of genomic, proteomic and biophysical methods to discover a suite of protein-protein interactions involving the SOX18 transcription factor, a known regulator of vascular development and disease. We describe a small-molecule that is able to disrupt a discrete subset of SOX18-dependent interactions. This compound selectively suppressed SOX18 transcriptional outputs in vitro and interfered with vascular development in zebrafish larvae. In a mouse pre-clinical model of breast cancer, treatment with this inhibitor significantly improved survival by reducing tumour vascular density and metastatic spread. Our studies validate an interactome-based molecular strategy to interfere with transcription factor activity, for the development of novel disease therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Overman
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Frank Fontaine
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mehdi Moustaqil
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Single Molecule Science, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Deepak Mittal
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Emma Sierecki
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Single Molecule Science, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Natalia Sacilotto
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, The University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Zuegg
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Avril AB Robertson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kelly Holmes
- Cancer Research UK, The University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Angela A Salim
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sreeman Mamidyala
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark S Butler
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ashley S Robinson
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, The University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Emmanuelle Lesieur
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wayne Johnston
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kirill Alexandrov
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brian L Black
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, The University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Benjamin M Hogan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah De Val
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, The University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Capon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK, The University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy L Bailey
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter Koopman
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ralf Jauch
- Genome Regulation Laboratory, Drug Discovery Pipeline, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yann Gambin
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Single Molecule Science, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mathias Francois
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ftr82 Is Critical for Vascular Patterning during Zebrafish Development. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010156. [PMID: 28098794 PMCID: PMC5297789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular components and signaling pathways are required for the proper growth of blood vessels. Here, we report for the first time that a teleost-specific gene ftr82 (finTRIM family, member 82) plays a critical role in vasculature during zebrafish development. To date, there has been no description of tripartite motif proteins (TRIM) in vascular development, and the role of ftr82 is unknown. In this study, we found that ftr82 mRNA is expressed during the development of vessels, and loss of ftr82 by morpholino (MO) knockdown impairs the growth of intersegmental vessels (ISV) and caudal vein plexus (CVP), suggesting that ftr82 plays a critical role in promoting ISV and CVP growth. We showed the specificity of ftr82 MO by analyzing ftr82 expression products and expressing ftr82 mRNA to rescue ftr82 morphants. We further showed that the knockdown of ftr82 reduced ISV cell numbers, suggesting that the growth impairment of vessels is likely due to a decrease of cell proliferation and migration, but not cell death. In addition, loss of ftr82 affects the expression of vascular markers, which is consistent with the defect of vascular growth. Finally, we showed that ftr82 likely interacts with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Notch signaling. Together, we identify teleost-specific ftr82 as a vascular gene that plays an important role for vascular development in zebrafish.
Collapse
|
34
|
Patel J, Seppanen EJ, Rodero MP, Wong HY, Donovan P, Neufeld Z, Fisk NM, Francois M, Khosrotehrani K. Functional Definition of Progenitors Versus Mature Endothelial Cells Reveals Key SoxF-Dependent Differentiation Process. Circulation 2016; 135:786-805. [PMID: 27899395 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.024754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During adult life, blood vessel formation is thought to occur via angiogenic processes involving branching from existing vessels. An alternate proposal suggests that neovessels form from endothelial progenitors able to assemble the intimal layers. We here aimed to define vessel-resident endothelial progenitors in vivo in a variety of tissues in physiological and pathological situations such as normal aorta, lungs, and wound healing, tumors, and placenta, as well. METHODS Based on protein expression levels of common endothelial markers using flow cytometry, 3 subpopulations of endothelial cells could be identified among VE-Cadherin+ and CD45- cells. RESULTS Lineage tracing by using Cdh5creERt2/Rosa-YFP reporter strategy demonstrated that the CD31-/loVEGFR2lo/intracellular endothelial population was indeed an endovascular progenitor (EVP) of an intermediate CD31intVEGFR2lo/intracellular transit amplifying (TA) and a definitive differentiated (D) CD31hiVEGFR2hi/extracellular population. EVP cells arose from vascular-resident beds that could not be transferred by bone marrow transplantation. Furthermore, EVP displayed progenitor-like status with a high proportion of cells in a quiescent cell cycle phase as assessed in wounds, tumors, and aorta. Only EVP cells and not TA and D cells had self-renewal capacity as demonstrated by colony-forming capacity in limiting dilution and by transplantation in Matrigel plugs in recipient mice. RNA sequencing revealed prominent gene expression differences between EVP and D cells. In particular, EVP cells highly expressed genes related to progenitor function including Sox9, Il33, Egfr, and Pdfgrα. Conversely, D cells highly expressed genes related to differentiated endothelium including Ets1&2, Gata2, Cd31, Vwf, and Notch. The RNA sequencing also pointed to an essential role of the Sox18 transcription factor. The role of SOX18 in the differentiation process was validated by using lineage-tracing experiments based on Sox18CreERt2/Rosa-YFP mice. Besides, in the absence of functional SOX18/SOXF, EVP progenitors were still present, but TA and D populations were significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support an entirely novel endothelial hierarchy, from EVP to TA to D, as defined by self-renewal, differentiation, and molecular profiling of an endothelial progenitor. This paradigm shift in our understanding of vascular-resident endothelial progenitors in tissue regeneration opens new avenues for better understanding of cardiovascular biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Patel
- From The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Experimental Dermatology Group, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (J.P., E.J.S., M.P.R., H.Y.W., N.M.F., K.K.); The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia (P.D., K.K.); The University of Queensland, School of Mathematics and Physics, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (Z.N.); and The University of Queensland, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (M.F.)
| | - Elke J Seppanen
- From The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Experimental Dermatology Group, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (J.P., E.J.S., M.P.R., H.Y.W., N.M.F., K.K.); The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia (P.D., K.K.); The University of Queensland, School of Mathematics and Physics, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (Z.N.); and The University of Queensland, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (M.F.)
| | - Mathieu P Rodero
- From The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Experimental Dermatology Group, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (J.P., E.J.S., M.P.R., H.Y.W., N.M.F., K.K.); The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia (P.D., K.K.); The University of Queensland, School of Mathematics and Physics, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (Z.N.); and The University of Queensland, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (M.F.)
| | - Ho Yi Wong
- From The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Experimental Dermatology Group, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (J.P., E.J.S., M.P.R., H.Y.W., N.M.F., K.K.); The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia (P.D., K.K.); The University of Queensland, School of Mathematics and Physics, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (Z.N.); and The University of Queensland, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (M.F.)
| | - Prudence Donovan
- From The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Experimental Dermatology Group, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (J.P., E.J.S., M.P.R., H.Y.W., N.M.F., K.K.); The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia (P.D., K.K.); The University of Queensland, School of Mathematics and Physics, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (Z.N.); and The University of Queensland, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (M.F.)
| | - Zoltan Neufeld
- From The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Experimental Dermatology Group, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (J.P., E.J.S., M.P.R., H.Y.W., N.M.F., K.K.); The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia (P.D., K.K.); The University of Queensland, School of Mathematics and Physics, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (Z.N.); and The University of Queensland, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (M.F.)
| | - Nicholas M Fisk
- From The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Experimental Dermatology Group, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (J.P., E.J.S., M.P.R., H.Y.W., N.M.F., K.K.); The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia (P.D., K.K.); The University of Queensland, School of Mathematics and Physics, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (Z.N.); and The University of Queensland, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (M.F.)
| | - Mathias Francois
- From The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Experimental Dermatology Group, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (J.P., E.J.S., M.P.R., H.Y.W., N.M.F., K.K.); The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia (P.D., K.K.); The University of Queensland, School of Mathematics and Physics, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (Z.N.); and The University of Queensland, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (M.F.)
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- From The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Experimental Dermatology Group, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (J.P., E.J.S., M.P.R., H.Y.W., N.M.F., K.K.); The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia (P.D., K.K.); The University of Queensland, School of Mathematics and Physics, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (Z.N.); and The University of Queensland, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (M.F.).
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Olbromski M, Grzegrzolka J, Jankowska-Konsur A, Witkiewicz W, Podhorska-Okolow M, Dziegiel P. MicroRNAs modulate the expression of the SOX18 transcript in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2884-2892. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
36
|
SoxF Transcription Factors Are Positive Feedback Regulators of VEGF Signaling. Circ Res 2016; 119:839-52. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.308483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rationale:
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling is a key pathway for angiogenesis and requires highly coordinated regulation. Although the Notch pathway-mediated suppression of excessive VEGF activity via negative feedback is well known, the positive feedback control for augmenting VEGF signaling remains poorly understood. Transcription factor Sox17 is indispensable for angiogenesis, but its association with VEGF signaling is largely unknown. The contribution of other Sox members to angiogenesis also remains to be determined.
Objective:
To reveal the genetic interaction of Sox7, another Sox member, with Sox17 in developmental angiogenesis and their functional relationship with VEGF signaling.
Methods and Results:
Sox7 is expressed specifically in endothelial cells and its global and endothelial-specific deletion resulted in embryonic lethality with severely impaired angiogenesis in mice, substantially overlapping with Sox17 in both expression and function. Interestingly, compound heterozygosity for
Sox7
and
Sox17
phenocopied vascular defects of
Sox7
or
Sox17
homozygous knockout, indicating that the genetic cooperation of Sox7 and Sox17 is sensitive to their combined gene dosage. VEGF signaling upregulated both Sox7 and Sox17 expression in angiogenesis via mTOR pathway. Furthermore, Sox7 and Sox17 promoted VEGFR2 (VEGF receptor 2) expression in angiogenic vessels, suggesting a positive feedback loop between VEGF signaling and SoxF.
Conclusions:
Our findings demonstrate that SoxF transcription factors are indispensable players in developmental angiogenesis by acting as positive feedback regulators of VEGF signaling.
Collapse
|
37
|
Xiuju C, Zhen W, Yanchao S. SOX7 inhibits tumor progression of glioblastoma and is regulated by miRNA-24. Open Med (Wars) 2016; 11:133-137. [PMID: 28352781 PMCID: PMC5329813 DOI: 10.1515/med-2016-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Sex-determining region Y-box 7 (SOX7) is a putative tumor suppressor in various types of human cancers. In the present study, the expression and function of SOX7 was investigated in human glioblastoma (GBM) cells. Methods Real-time PCR and western blot were carried out to reveal the expression of SOX7 in GBM specimens and cultured cell lines. A short interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting SOX7 was synthesized and transfected into U87 cells. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed to valuate the cell proliferation ability in U87 cells. Bioinformatics analysis further predicted its regulation by microRNA-24 (miR-24). Luciferase reporter assay was performed to prove this regulation. Results SOX7 was downregulated in GBM specimens and cell lines. Inhibition of SOX7 in cultured U87 cells resulted in a slower growth rate. Mechanically, SOX7 was a target of miR-24, demonstrated by reporter assay. Conclusion SOX7 was a strong tumor suppressor regulated by miR-24 in human GBM cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xiuju
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin PR China 300100
| | - Wang Zhen
- Cardiology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin PR China 300100
| | - Shi Yanchao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Port Hospital, Tianjin PR China 300456
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Astin JW, Crosier PS. Lymphatics, Cancer and Zebrafish. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 916:199-218. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-30654-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
39
|
Jung H, Isogai S, Kamei M, Castranova D, Gore A, Weinstein B. Imaging blood vessels and lymphatic vessels in the zebrafish. Methods Cell Biol 2016; 133:69-103. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
40
|
Zhou Y, Williams J, Smallwood PM, Nathans J. Sox7, Sox17, and Sox18 Cooperatively Regulate Vascular Development in the Mouse Retina. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143650. [PMID: 26630461 PMCID: PMC4667919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular development and maintenance are controlled by a complex transcriptional program, which integrates both extracellular and intracellular signals in endothelial cells. Here we study the roles of three closely related SoxF family transcription factors–Sox7, Sox17, and Sox18 –in the developing and mature mouse vasculature using targeted gene deletion on a mixed C57/129/CD1 genetic background. In the retinal vasculature, each SoxF gene exhibits a distinctive pattern of expression in different classes of blood vessels. On a mixed genetic background, vascular endothelial-specific deletion of individual SoxF genes has little or no effect on vascular architecture or differentiation, a result that can be explained by overlapping function and by reciprocal regulation of gene expression between Sox7 and Sox17. By contrast, combined deletion of Sox7, Sox17, and Sox18 at the onset of retinal angiogenesis leads to a dense capillary plexus with a nearly complete loss of radial arteries and veins, whereas the presence of a single Sox17 allele largely restores arterial identity, as determined by vascular smooth muscle cell coverage. In the developing retina, expression of all three SoxF genes is reduced in the absence of Norrin/Frizzled4-mediated canonical Wnt signaling, but SoxF gene expression is unaffected by reduced VEGF signaling in response to deletion of Neuropilin1 (Npn1). In adulthood, Sox7, Sox17, and Sox18 act in a largely redundant manner to maintain blood vessel function, as adult onset vascular endothelial-specific deletion of all three SoxF genes leads to massive edema despite nearly normal vascular architecture. These data reveal critical and partially redundant roles for Sox7, Sox17 and Sox18 in vascular growth, differentiation, and maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Zhou
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America
| | - John Williams
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America
| | - Philip M. Smallwood
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Nathans
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fish JE, Wythe JD. The molecular regulation of arteriovenous specification and maintenance. Dev Dyn 2015; 244:391-409. [PMID: 25641373 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of a hierarchical vascular network, composed of arteries, veins, and capillaries, is essential for embryogenesis and is required for the production of new functional vasculature in the adult. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate the differentiation of vascular endothelial cells into arterial and venous cell fates is requisite for regenerative medicine, as the directed formation of perfused vessels is desirable in a myriad of pathological settings, such as in diabetes and following myocardial infarction. Additionally, this knowledge will enhance our understanding and treatment of vascular anomalies, such as arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). From studies in vertebrate model organisms, such as mouse, zebrafish, and chick, a number of key signaling pathways have been elucidated that are required for the establishment and maintenance of arterial and venous fates. These include the Hedgehog, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β), Wnt, and Notch signaling pathways. In addition, a variety of transcription factor families acting downstream of, or in concert with, these signaling networks play vital roles in arteriovenous (AV) specification. These include Notch and Notch-regulated transcription factors (e.g., HEY and HES), SOX factors, Forkhead factors, β-Catenin, ETS factors, and COUP-TFII. It is becoming apparent that AV specification is a highly coordinated process that involves the intersection and carefully orchestrated activity of multiple signaling cascades and transcriptional networks. This review will summarize the molecular mechanisms that are involved in the acquisition and maintenance of AV fate, and will highlight some of the limitations in our current knowledge of the molecular machinery that directs AV morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason E Fish
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, Toronto, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Koltowska K, Paterson S, Bower NI, Baillie GJ, Lagendijk AK, Astin JW, Chen H, Francois M, Crosier PS, Taft RJ, Simons C, Smith KA, Hogan BM. mafba is a downstream transcriptional effector of Vegfc signaling essential for embryonic lymphangiogenesis in zebrafish. Genes Dev 2015; 29:1618-30. [PMID: 26253536 PMCID: PMC4536310 DOI: 10.1101/gad.263210.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Koltowska et al. used a forward genetic screen in zebrafish to identify the transcription factor mafba as essential for lymphatic vessel development. Vegfc signaling increases mafba expression to control downstream transcription, and this relationship is SoxF transcription factor-dependent. The lymphatic vasculature plays roles in tissue fluid balance, immune cell trafficking, fatty acid absorption, cancer metastasis, and cardiovascular disease. Lymphatic vessels form by lymphangiogenesis, the sprouting of new lymphatics from pre-existing vessels, in both development and disease contexts. The apical signaling pathway in lymphangiogenesis is the VEGFC/VEGFR3 pathway, yet how signaling controls cellular transcriptional output remains unknown. We used a forward genetic screen in zebrafish to identify the transcription factor mafba as essential for lymphatic vessel development. We found that mafba is required for the migration of lymphatic precursors after their initial sprouting from the posterior cardinal vein. mafba expression is enriched in sprouts emerging from veins, and we show that mafba functions cell-autonomously during lymphatic vessel development. Mechanistically, Vegfc signaling increases mafba expression to control downstream transcription, and this regulatory relationship is dependent on the activity of SoxF transcription factors, which are essential for mafba expression in venous endothelium. Here we identify an indispensable Vegfc–SoxF–Mafba pathway in lymphatic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Koltowska
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Scott Paterson
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Neil I Bower
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Gregory J Baillie
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Anne K Lagendijk
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jonathan W Astin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Huijun Chen
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Mathias Francois
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Philip S Crosier
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Ryan J Taft
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Cas Simons
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Kelly A Smith
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin M Hogan
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
She ZY, Yang WX. SOX family transcription factors involved in diverse cellular events during development. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 94:547-63. [PMID: 26340821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In metazoa, SOX family transcription factors play many diverse roles. In vertebrate, they are well-known regulators of numerous developmental processes. Wide-ranging studies have demonstrated the co-expression of SOX proteins in various developing tissues and that they occur in an overlapping manner and show functional redundancy. In particular, studies focusing on the HMG box of SOX proteins have revealed that the HMG box regulates DNA-binding properties, and mediates both the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of SOX proteins and their physical interactions with partner proteins. Posttranslational modifications are further implicated in the regulation of the transcriptional activities of SOX proteins. In this review, we discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the SOX-partner factor interactions and the functional modes of SOX-partner complexes during development. We particularly emphasize the representative roles of the SOX group proteins in major tissues during developmental and physiological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu She
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hermkens DMA, van Impel A, Urasaki A, Bussmann J, Duckers HJ, Schulte-Merker S. Sox7 controls arterial specification in conjunction with hey2 and efnb2 function. Development 2015; 142:1695-704. [PMID: 25834021 DOI: 10.1242/dev.117275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SoxF family members have been linked to arterio-venous specification events and human pathological conditions, but in contrast to Sox17 and Sox18, a detailed in vivo analysis of a Sox7 mutant model is still lacking. In this study we generated zebrafish sox7 mutants to understand the role of Sox7 during vascular development. By in vivo imaging of transgenic zebrafish lines we show that sox7 mutants display a short circulatory loop around the heart as a result of aberrant connections between the lateral dorsal aorta (LDA) and either the venous primary head sinus (PHS) or the common cardinal vein (CCV). In situ hybridization and live observations in flt4:mCitrine transgenic embryos revealed increased expression levels of flt4 in arterial endothelial cells at the exact location of the aberrant vascular connections in sox7 mutants. An identical circulatory short loop could also be observed in newly generated mutants for hey2 and efnb2. By genetically modulating levels of sox7, hey2 and efnb2 we demonstrate a genetic interaction of sox7 with hey2 and efnb2. The specific spatially confined effect of loss of Sox7 function can be rescued by overexpressing the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) in arterial cells of sox7 mutants, placing Sox7 upstream of Notch in this aspect of arterial development. Hence, sox7 levels are crucial in arterial specification in conjunction with hey2 and efnb2 function, with mutants in all three genes displaying shunt formation and an arterial block.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorien M A Hermkens
- Hubrecht Institute - Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas van Impel
- Hubrecht Institute - Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Akihiro Urasaki
- Hubrecht Institute - Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Bussmann
- Hubrecht Institute - Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus J Duckers
- Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Hubrecht Institute - Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Mendelstrasse 7, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Fontijn RD, Favre J, Naaijkens BA, Meinster E, Paauw NJ, Ragghoe SL, Nauta TD, van den Broek MA, Weijers EM, Niessen HW, Koolwijk P, Horrevoets AJ. Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells acquire endothelial-like features upon reprogramming with SOX18. Stem Cell Res 2014; 13:367-78. [PMID: 25290189 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASC) form a rich source of autologous cells for use in regenerative medicine. In vitro induction of an endothelial phenotype may improve performance of ASCs in cardiovascular repair. Here, we report on an in vitro strategy using direct reprogramming of ASCs by means of ectopic expression of the endothelial-specific transcription factor SRY (sex determining region Y)-box18 (SOX18). SOX18 induces ASCs to express a set of genes involved in vascular patterning: MMP7, KDR, EFNB2, SEMA3G and CXCR4. Accordingly, SOX18 transduced ASCs reorganize under conditions of shear stress, display VEGF-induced chemotaxis and form tubular structures in 3D matrices in an MMP7-dependent manner. These in vitro findings provide insight into molecular and cellular processes downstream of SOX18 and show that reprogramming using SOX18 is sufficient to induce several endothelial-like features in ASCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R D Fontijn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - J Favre
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - B A Naaijkens
- Department of Pathology and Cardiac Surgery, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - E Meinster
- Department of Pathology and Cardiac Surgery, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - N J Paauw
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - S L Ragghoe
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T D Nauta
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M A van den Broek
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - E M Weijers
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - H W Niessen
- Department of Pathology and Cardiac Surgery, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - P Koolwijk
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - A J Horrevoets
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Corada M, Morini MF, Dejana E. Signaling pathways in the specification of arteries and veins. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:2372-7. [PMID: 25169934 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of arterial and venous identity of endothelial cells is critical for the proper anatomic configuration and function of the vascular tree. Arterial and venous specification of endothelial cells is determined by genetic factors, although surrounding cells and hemodynamic forces may also contribute to vascular remodeling. This review provides an overview of the signaling pathways and related transcription factors implicated in differentiation of endothelial cells. We will discuss, in particular, the role of upstream and downstream effectors of Wnt, Sox, and Notch pathways. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate endothelial differentiation may have therapeutic relevance for diseases such as atherosclerosis, arteriovenous malformations, aneurysms, and others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Corada
- From the IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (M.C., M.F.M., E.D.); and Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (E.D.)
| | - Marco Francesco Morini
- From the IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (M.C., M.F.M., E.D.); and Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (E.D.)
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- From the IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (M.C., M.F.M., E.D.); and Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (E.D.).
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gorsi B, Liu F, Ma X, Chico TJA, v A, Kramer KL, Bridges E, Monteiro R, Harris AL, Patient R, Stringer SE. The heparan sulfate editing enzyme Sulf1 plays a novel role in zebrafish VegfA mediated arterial venous identity. Angiogenesis 2014; 17:77-91. [PMID: 23959107 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-013-9379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Arterial and venous specification is critical for establishing and maintaining a functioning vascular system, and defects in key arteriovenous signaling pathways including VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) lead to congenital arteriopathies. The activities of VEGF, are in part controlled by heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans, significant components of the endothelial glycocalyx. The level of 6-O sulfation on HS polysaccharide chains, that mediate the interaction between HS and VEGFA, is edited at the cell surface by the enzyme SULF1. We investigated the role of sulf1 in vascular development. In zebrafish sulf1 is expressed in the head and tail vasculature, corresponding spatially and temporally with vascular development. Targeted knockdown of sulf1 by antisense morpholinos resulted in severe vascular patterning and maturation defects. 93 % of sulf1 morphants show dysmorphogenesis in arterial development leading to occlusion of the distal aorta and lack of axial and cranial circulation. Co-injection of vegfa165 mRNA rescued circulatory defects. While the genes affecting haematopoiesis are unchanged, expression of several arterial markers downstream of VegfA signalling such as notch and ephrinB2 are severely reduced in the dorsal aorta, with a concomitant increase in expression of the venous markers flt4 in the dorsal aorta of the morphants. Furthermore, in vitro, lack of SULF1 expression downregulates VEGFA-mediated arterial marker expression, confirming that Sulf1 mediates arterial specification by regulating VegfA165 activity. This study provides the first in vivo evidence for the integral role of the endothelial glycocalyx in specifying arterial-venous identity, vascular patterning and arterial integrity, and will help to better understand congenital arteriopathies.
Collapse
|
48
|
Behrens AN, Zierold C, Shi X, Ren Y, Koyano-Nakagawa N, Garry DJ, Martin CM. Sox7 is regulated by ETV2 during cardiovascular development. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2004-13. [PMID: 24762086 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenesis/angiogenesis is one of the earliest processes that occurs during embryogenesis. ETV2 and SOX7 were previously shown to play a role in endothelial development; however, their mechanistic interaction has not been defined. In the present study, concomitant expression of Etv2 and Sox7 in endothelial progenitor cells was verified. ETV2 was shown to be a direct upstream regulator of Sox7 that binds to ETV2 binding elements in the Sox7 upstream regulatory region and activates transcription. We observed that SOX7 over-expression can mimic ETV2 and increase endothelial progenitor cells in embryonic bodies (EBs), while knockdown of Sox7 is able to block ETV2-induced increase in endothelial progenitor cell formation. Angiogenic sprouting was increased by ETV2 over-expression in EBs, and it was significantly decreased in the presence of Sox7 shRNA. Collectively, these studies support the conclusion that ETV2 directly regulates Sox7, and that ETV2 governs endothelial development by regulating transcriptional networks which include Sox7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann N Behrens
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Corada M, Orsenigo F, Morini MF, Pitulescu ME, Bhat G, Nyqvist D, Breviario F, Conti V, Briot A, Iruela-Arispe ML, Adams RH, Dejana E. Sox17 is indispensable for acquisition and maintenance of arterial identity. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2609. [PMID: 24153254 PMCID: PMC3826640 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional diversity of the arterial and venous endothelia is regulated through a complex system of signalling pathways and downstream transcription factors. Here we report that the transcription factor Sox17, which is known as a regulator of endoderm and hemopoietic differentiation, is selectively expressed in arteries, and not in veins, in the mouse embryo and in mouse postnatal retina and adult. Endothelial cell-specific inactivation of Sox17 in the mouse embryo is accompanied by a lack of arterial differentiation and vascular remodelling that results in embryo death in utero. In mouse postnatal retina, abrogation of Sox17 expression in endothelial cells leads to strong vascular hypersprouting, loss of arterial identity and large arteriovenous malformations. Mechanistically, Sox17 acts upstream of the Notch system and downstream of the canonical Wnt system. These data introduce Sox17 as a component of the complex signalling network that orchestrates arterial/venous specification. The transcription factor Sox17 is required for the development of the vasculature in vertebrates. Here Corada et al. show that Sox17 acts downstream of Wnt signalling and upstream of Notch signalling in the regulation of artery and vein differentiation in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Corada
- 1] FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), 20139 Milan, Italy [2]
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
|