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Liu J, Ye Q, Jiang W, Liu S, Wu Z, Hu X, Wang X, Zhang Z, Guo D, Chen X, He H, Hu L. Abnormal Degraded Tapetum 1 (ADT1) is required for tapetal cell death and pollen development in rice. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:170. [PMID: 38913206 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The timely degradation of tapetum, the innermost somatic anther cell layer in flowering plants, is critical for pollen development. Although several genes involved in tapetum development have been characterized, the molecular mechanisms underlying tapetum degeneration remain elusive. Here, we showed that mutation in Abnormal Degraded Tapetum 1 (ADT1) resulted in overaccumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and abnormal anther development, causing earlier tapetum Programmed Cell Death (PCD) and pollen abortion. ADT1 encodes a nuclear membrane localized protein, which is strongly expressed in the developing microspores and tapetal cells during early anther development. Moreover, ADT1 could interact with metallothionein MT2b, which was related to ROS scavenging and cell death regulation. These findings indicate that ADT1 is required for proper timing of tapetum PCD by regulating ROS homeostasis, expanding our understanding of the regulatory network of male reproductive development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Liu
- College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang, 261000, China
| | - Qing Ye
- College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Wenxiang Jiang
- College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Shiqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xiafei Hu
- College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Zelin Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Haohua He
- College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Lifang Hu
- College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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Fenelon KD, Thomas E, Samani M, Zhu M, Tao H, Sun Y, McNeill H, Hopyan S. Transgenic force sensors and software to measure force transmission across the mammalian nuclear envelope in vivo. Biol Open 2022; 11:281166. [DOI: 10.1242/bio.059656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Nuclear mechanotransduction is a growing field with exciting implications for the regulation of gene expression and cellular function. Mechanical signals may be transduced to the nuclear interior biochemically or physically through connections between the cell surface and chromatin. To define mechanical stresses upon the nucleus in physiological settings, we generated transgenic mouse strains that harbour FRET-based tension sensors or control constructs in the outer and inner aspects of the nuclear envelope. We knocked-in a published esprin-2G sensor to measure tensions across the LINC complex and generated a new sensor that links the inner nuclear membrane to chromatin. To mitigate challenges inherent to fluorescence lifetime analysis in vivo, we developed software (FLIMvivo) that markedly improves the fitting of fluorescence decay curves. In the mouse embryo, the sensors responded to cytoskeletal relaxation and stretch applied by micro-aspiration. They reported organ-specific differences and a spatiotemporal tension gradient along the proximodistal axis of the limb bud, raising the possibility that mechanical mechanisms coregulate pattern formation. These mouse strains and software are potentially valuable tools for testing and refining mechanotransduction hypotheses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli D. Fenelon
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children 1 , Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 , Canada
- University of Toronto 2 Department of Molecular Genetics , , Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 , Canada
| | - Evan Thomas
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children 1 , Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 , Canada
| | - Mohammad Samani
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children 1 , Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 , Canada
| | - Min Zhu
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children 1 , Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 , Canada
- University of Toronto 3 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering , , Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 , Canada
| | - Hirotaka Tao
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children 1 , Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 , Canada
| | - Yu Sun
- University of Toronto 3 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering , , Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 , Canada
| | - Helen McNeill
- Washington University 4 Department of Developmental Biology , , St. Louis, MO 63110 , USA
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute 5 , Toronto, ON M5G 1X5 , Canada
| | - Sevan Hopyan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children 1 , Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 , Canada
- University of Toronto 2 Department of Molecular Genetics , , Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 , Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto 6 Division of Orthopaedic Surgery , , ON M5G 1X8 , Canada
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Diacou R, Nandigrami P, Fiser A, Liu W, Ashery-Padan R, Cvekl A. Cell fate decisions, transcription factors and signaling during early retinal development. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 91:101093. [PMID: 35817658 PMCID: PMC9669153 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of the vertebrate eyes is a complex process starting from anterior-posterior and dorso-ventral patterning of the anterior neural tube, resulting in the formation of the eye field. Symmetrical separation of the eye field at the anterior neural plate is followed by two symmetrical evaginations to generate a pair of optic vesicles. Next, reciprocal invagination of the optic vesicles with surface ectoderm-derived lens placodes generates double-layered optic cups. The inner and outer layers of the optic cups develop into the neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), respectively. In vitro produced retinal tissues, called retinal organoids, are formed from human pluripotent stem cells, mimicking major steps of retinal differentiation in vivo. This review article summarizes recent progress in our understanding of early eye development, focusing on the formation the eye field, optic vesicles, and early optic cups. Recent single-cell transcriptomic studies are integrated with classical in vivo genetic and functional studies to uncover a range of cellular mechanisms underlying early eye development. The functions of signal transduction pathways and lineage-specific DNA-binding transcription factors are dissected to explain cell-specific regulatory mechanisms underlying cell fate determination during early eye development. The functions of homeodomain (HD) transcription factors Otx2, Pax6, Lhx2, Six3 and Six6, which are required for early eye development, are discussed in detail. Comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of early eye development provides insight into the molecular and cellular basis of developmental ocular anomalies, such as optic cup coloboma. Lastly, modeling human development and inherited retinal diseases using stem cell-derived retinal organoids generates opportunities to discover novel therapies for retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raven Diacou
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Prithviraj Nandigrami
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Andras Fiser
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Ruth Ashery-Padan
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Ales Cvekl
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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The inner nuclear membrane protein NEMP1 supports nuclear envelope openings and enucleation of erythroblasts. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001811. [PMID: 36215313 PMCID: PMC9595564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear envelope membrane proteins (NEMPs) are a conserved family of nuclear envelope (NE) proteins that reside within the inner nuclear membrane (INM). Even though Nemp1 knockout (KO) mice are overtly normal, they display a pronounced splenomegaly. This phenotype and recent reports describing a requirement for NE openings during erythroblasts terminal maturation led us to examine a potential role for Nemp1 in erythropoiesis. Here, we report that Nemp1 KO mice show peripheral blood defects, anemia in neonates, ineffective erythropoiesis, splenomegaly, and stress erythropoiesis. The erythroid lineage of Nemp1 KO mice is overrepresented until the pronounced apoptosis of polychromatophilic erythroblasts. We show that NEMP1 localizes to the NE of erythroblasts and their progenitors. Mechanistically, we discovered that NEMP1 accumulates into aggregates that localize near or at the edge of NE openings and Nemp1 deficiency leads to a marked decrease of both NE openings and ensuing enucleation. Together, our results for the first time demonstrate that NEMP1 is essential for NE openings and erythropoietic maturation in vivo and provide the first mouse model of defective erythropoiesis directly linked to the loss of an INM protein.
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Choi J, Richards EJ. The edge of the nucleus: Variations on a theme. Dev Cell 2022; 57:3-4. [PMID: 35016004 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The plant nuclear lamina utilizes distinct and highly divergent proteins to mediate chromatin interactions at the nuclear edge. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Tang et al. show that members of PNET2, a family of inner nuclear membrane proteins in Arabidopsis, are capable of binding histones and are involved in large-scale genome organization.
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Tang Y, Dong Q, Wang T, Gong L, Gu Y. PNET2 is a component of the plant nuclear lamina and is required for proper genome organization and activity. Dev Cell 2021; 57:19-31.e6. [PMID: 34822788 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between chromatin and the nuclear lamina (NL) is intrinsically important to the establishment of three-dimensional chromatin architecture and spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression. However, critical regulators involved in this process are poorly understood in plants. Here, we report that Arabidopsis PNET2 and its two homologs are bona fide inner nuclear membrane proteins and integral components of the NL. PNET2s physically interact with the plant nucleoskeleton and engage nucleosome-enriched chromatin at the nuclear periphery. Loss of all three PNET2s leads to severely disrupted growth and development, concomitant activation of abiotic and biotic stress responses, and ultimate lethality in Arabidopsis. The pent2 triple mutant also displays drastic transcriptome changes accompanied by a globally altered chromatin architecture revealed by HiC analysis. Our study identified PNET2 as an inner nuclear membrane (INM) component of the NL, which associates with chromatin and play a critical role in orchestrating gene expression and chromatin organization in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Qianli Dong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Tianya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yangnan Gu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Satou-Kobayashi Y, Kim JD, Fukamizu A, Asashima M. Temporal transcriptomic profiling reveals dynamic changes in gene expression of Xenopus animal cap upon activin treatment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14537. [PMID: 34267234 PMCID: PMC8282838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activin, a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of proteins, induces various tissues from the amphibian presumptive ectoderm, called animal cap explants (ACs) in vitro. However, it remains unclear how and to what extent the resulting cells recapitulate in vivo development. To comprehensively understand whether the molecular dynamics during activin-induced ACs differentiation reflect the normal development, we performed time-course transcriptome profiling of Xenopus ACs treated with 50 ng/mL of activin A, which predominantly induced dorsal mesoderm. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to activin A increased over time, and totally 9857 upregulated and 6663 downregulated DEGs were detected. 1861 common upregulated DEGs among all Post_activin samples included several Spemann's organizer genes. In addition, the temporal transcriptomes were clearly classified into four distinct groups in correspondence with specific features, reflecting stepwise differentiation into mesoderm derivatives, and a decline in the regulation of nuclear envelop and golgi. From the set of early responsive genes, we also identified the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (socs3) as a novel activin A-inducible gene. Our transcriptome data provide a framework to elucidate the transcriptional dynamics of activin-driven AC differentiation, reflecting the molecular characteristics of early normal embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeko Satou-Kobayashi
- grid.264706.10000 0000 9239 9995Strategic Innovation and Research Center, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605 Japan ,grid.264706.10000 0000 9239 9995Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605 Japan ,grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Tennoudai Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Jun-Dal Kim
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Tennoudai Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan ,grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDivision of Complex Bioscience Research, Department of Research and Development, Institute of National Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Fukamizu
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Tennoudai Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Makoto Asashima
- grid.264706.10000 0000 9239 9995Strategic Innovation and Research Center, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605 Japan ,grid.264706.10000 0000 9239 9995Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605 Japan ,grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Tennoudai Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
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Mosquera JV, Bacher MC, Priess JR. Nuclear lipid droplets and nuclear damage in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009602. [PMID: 34133414 PMCID: PMC8208577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat stored in the form of lipid droplets has long been considered a defining characteristic of cytoplasm. However, recent studies have shown that nuclear lipid droplets occur in multiple cells and tissues, including in human patients with fatty liver disease. The function(s) of stored fat in the nucleus has not been determined, and it is possible that nuclear fat is beneficial in some situations. Conversely, nuclear lipid droplets might instead be deleterious by disrupting nuclear organization or triggering aggregation of hydrophobic proteins. We show here that nuclear lipid droplets occur normally in C. elegans intestinal cells and germ cells, but appear to be associated with damage only in the intestine. Lipid droplets in intestinal nuclei can be associated with novel bundles of microfilaments (nuclear actin) and membrane tubules that might have roles in damage repair. To increase the normal, low frequency of nuclear lipid droplets in wild-type animals, we used a forward genetic screen to isolate mutants with abnormally large or abundant nuclear lipid droplets. Genetic analysis and cloning of three such mutants showed that the genes encode the lipid regulator SEIP-1/seipin, the inner nuclear membrane protein NEMP-1/Nemp1/TMEM194A, and a component of COPI vesicles called COPA-1/α-COP. We present several lines of evidence that the nuclear lipid droplet phenotype of copa-1 mutants results from a defect in retrieving mislocalized membrane proteins that normally reside in the endoplasmic reticulum. The seip-1 mutant causes most germ cells to have nuclear lipid droplets, the largest of which occupy more than a third of the nuclear volume. Nevertheless, the nuclear lipid droplets do not trigger apoptosis, and the germ cells differentiate into gametes that produce viable, healthy progeny. Thus, our results suggest that nuclear lipid droplets are detrimental to intestinal nuclei, but have no obvious deleterious effect on germ nuclei. Several human disorders such as obesity are associated with abnormal fat storage. Cells normally store fat in cytoplasmic organelles called lipid droplets. However, recent studies have shown that fat can also form inside of the cell nucleus, and the effects of nuclear fat are not known. Here we use the cell biology and genetics of the model organism C. elegans to study the causes and consequences of nuclear fat. We show that intestinal cells can contain nuclear fat, particularly during high-low-high changes in cytoplasmic fat that involve de novo fat synthesis. Nuclear fat is associated with multiple changes in intestinal nuclei that appear to represent damage and repair. Germ nuclei that normally differentiate into oocytes can also contain nuclear fat. In germ cells, however, even high levels of nuclear fat appear to cause little or no damage. Our results suggest that intestinal nuclei and germ cell nuclei might have different responses to nuclear fat in part because they differ in chromosomal organization at the nuclear envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meghan C. Bacher
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - James R. Priess
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Sears RM, Roux KJ. Diverse cellular functions of barrier-to-autointegration factor and its roles in disease. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/16/jcs246546. [PMID: 32817163 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.246546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF; encoded by BANF1) is a small highly conserved, ubiquitous and self-associating protein that coordinates with numerous binding partners to accomplish several key cellular processes. By interacting with double-stranded DNA, histones and various other nuclear proteins, including those enriched at the nuclear envelope, BAF appears to be essential for replicating cells to protect the genome and enable cell division. Cellular processes, such as innate immunity, post-mitotic nuclear reformation, repair of interphase nuclear envelope rupture, genomic regulation, and the DNA damage and repair response have all been shown to depend on BAF. This Review focuses on the regulation of the numerous interactions of BAF, which underlie the mechanisms by which BAF accomplishes its essential cellular functions. We will also discuss how perturbation of BAF function may contribute to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon M Sears
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA.,Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Kyle J Roux
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA .,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57069, USA
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10
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Nuclear mechanosensing: mechanism and consequences of a nuclear rupture. Mutat Res 2020; 821:111717. [PMID: 32810711 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2020.111717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The physical connections between the cytoskeletal system and the nucleus provide a route for the nucleus to sense the mechanical stress both inside and outside of the cell. Failure to withstand such stress leads to nuclear rupture, which is observed in human diseases. In this review, we will go through the recent findings and our current understandings of nuclear rupture. Starting with the triggers of nuclear rupture, including the aberrant nuclear lamina composition and the elevated actomyosin contractility. We will also discuss the role of ESCRT-III in nuclear rupture repair and the biological consequences of nuclear rupture, including the negative impacts on cellular compartmentalization, DNA damage, and cellular differentiation. Recent studies on nuclear rupture provide further insights into the direct mechanistic link between nuclear rupture and several pathological conditions. Such knowledge can guide us in developing potential therapeutic solutions for the patients.
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Tsatskis Y, Rosenfeld R, Pearson JD, Boswell C, Qu Y, Kim K, Fabian L, Mohammad A, Wang X, Robson MI, Krchma K, Wu J, Gonçalves J, Hodzic D, Wu S, Potter D, Pelletier L, Dunham WH, Gingras AC, Sun Y, Meng J, Godt D, Schedl T, Ciruna B, Choi K, Perry JRB, Bremner R, Schirmer EC, Brill JA, Jurisicova A, McNeill H. The NEMP family supports metazoan fertility and nuclear envelope stiffness. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb4591. [PMID: 32923640 PMCID: PMC7455189 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb4591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Human genome-wide association studies have linked single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NEMP1 (nuclear envelope membrane protein 1) with early menopause; however, it is unclear whether NEMP1 has any role in fertility. We show that whole-animal loss of NEMP1 homologs in Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans, zebrafish, and mice leads to sterility or early loss of fertility. Loss of Nemp leads to nuclear shaping defects, most prominently in the germ line. Biochemical, biophysical, and genetic studies reveal that NEMP proteins support the mechanical stiffness of the germline nuclear envelope via formation of a NEMP-EMERIN complex. These data indicate that the germline nuclear envelope has specialized mechanical properties and that NEMP proteins play essential and conserved roles in fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonit Tsatskis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Robyn Rosenfeld
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Joel D. Pearson
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Curtis Boswell
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yi Qu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Kyunga Kim
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Lacramioara Fabian
- Genome and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Ariz Mohammad
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Michael I. Robson
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology and Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Karen Krchma
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - João Gonçalves
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Didier Hodzic
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shu Wu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Daniel Potter
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laurence Pelletier
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Wade H. Dunham
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Jin Meng
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dorothea Godt
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tim Schedl
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian Ciruna
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kyunghee Choi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yong In, South Korea
| | - John R. B. Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rod Bremner
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Science and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Eric C. Schirmer
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology and Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Julie A. Brill
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Andrea Jurisicova
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1E2, Canada
| | - Helen McNeill
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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12
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Hironaka-Mitsuhashi A, Otsuka K, Gailhouste L, Sanchez Calle A, Kumazaki M, Yamamoto Y, Fujiwara Y, Ochiya T. MiR-1285-5p/TMEM194A axis affects cell proliferation in breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:395-405. [PMID: 31854049 PMCID: PMC7004531 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset of breast cancer among young patients is a major issue in cancer etiology. Our previous study has shown that poor prognosis in young women with breast cancer is associated with lower expression of the microRNA miR‐1285‐5p. In this study, we showed that the expression of miR‐1285‐5p is lower in tumor tissues than in normal tissues. Accumulating evidence suggests that miR‐1285‐5p plays critical roles in various types of cancers. However, the functional role of miR‐1285‐5p in breast cancer remains to be elucidated. Here, we showed the tumor‐suppressive role of miR‐1285‐5p and detailed its mechanism of action in breast cancer. Overexpression of miR‐1285‐5p significantly inhibited cell proliferation in breast cancer cells regardless of the tumor subtype. Among the target genes of miR‐1285‐5p, we found that transmembrane protein 194A (TMEM194A) was directly regulated by miR‐1285‐5p. Notably, separation of centrosomes from the nuclear envelope was observed upon knockdown of TMEM194A or overexpression of miR‐1285‐5p. In conclusion, our findings show that miR‐1285‐5p is a tumor suppressor via TMEM194A inhibition in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Hironaka-Mitsuhashi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kurataka Otsuka
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation Sengawa Kewport, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Luc Gailhouste
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Japan
| | - Anna Sanchez Calle
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minami Kumazaki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujiwara
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Oguro A, Imaoka S. Thioredoxin-related transmembrane protein 2 (TMX2) regulates the Ran protein gradient and importin-β-dependent nuclear cargo transport. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15296. [PMID: 31653923 PMCID: PMC6814788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
TMX2 is a thioredoxin family protein, but its functions have not been clarified. To elucidate the function of TMX2, we explored TMX2-interacting proteins by LC-MS. As a result, importin-β, Ran GTPase (Ran), RanGAP, and RanBP2 were identified. Importin-β is an adaptor protein which imports cargoes from cytosol to the nucleus, and is exported into the cytosol by interaction with RanGTP. At the cytoplasmic nuclear pore, RanGAP and RanBP2 facilitate hydrolysis of RanGTP to RanGDP and the disassembly of the Ran-importin-β complex, which allows the recycling of importin-β and reentry of Ran into the nucleus. Despite its interaction of TMX2 with importin-β, we showed that TMX2 is not a transport cargo. We found that TMX2 localizes in the outer nuclear membrane with its N-terminus and C-terminus facing the cytoplasm, where it co-localizes with importin-β and Ran. Ran is predominantly distributed in the nucleus, but TMX2 knockdown disrupted the nucleocytoplasmic Ran gradient, and the cysteine 112 residue of Ran was important in its regulation by TMX2. In addition, knockdown of TMX2 suppressed importin-β-mediated transport of protein. These results suggest that TMX2 works as a regulator of protein nuclear transport, and that TMX2 facilitates the nucleocytoplasmic Ran cycle by interaction with nuclear pore proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Oguro
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan. .,Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Susumu Imaoka
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan.
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14
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NEMP1 Promotes Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer Cells. Biochem Genet 2019; 57:813-826. [PMID: 31079234 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-019-09926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a worldwide malignant and a leading death cancer in women. Studies have shown that adjuvant tamoxifen reduces the recurrence rate and metastasis in BC. Even though tamoxifen has been used for the therapy of BC for decades, the resistance of it on BC cells could not be ignored. In this study, we first established a tamoxifen-resistant BC cell line and then demonstrated the overexpression of nuclear envelope integral membrane protein 1 (NEMP1) in the tamoxifen-resistant BC cells. Moreover, through a cell viability assay combined with depletion or overexpression technology, we addressed the important role of NEMP1 for the tamoxifen resistance in BC cells. Importantly, we further revealed that NEMP1 modulated tamoxifen resistance by regulating nuclear receptor coactivator 1 (NCOA1). In general, NEMP1 shows responsibility for the resistance of tamoxifen through regulating NCOA1 in BC cells. These results broaden the understanding of the tamoxifen resistance during the chemotherapy in BC and may provide new therapy method for BC.
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15
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Fenelon KD, Hopyan S. Structural components of nuclear integrity with gene regulatory potential. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2017. [PMID: 28641117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The nucleus is a mechanosensitive and load-bearing structure. Structural components of the nucleus interact to maintain nuclear integrity and have become subjects of exciting research that is relevant to cell and developmental biology. Here we outline the boundaries of what is known about key architectural elements within the nucleus and highlight their potential structural and transcriptional regulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli D Fenelon
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sevan Hopyan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada.
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16
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Jamin A, Wiebe MS. Barrier to Autointegration Factor (BANF1): interwoven roles in nuclear structure, genome integrity, innate immunity, stress responses and progeria. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2015; 34:61-8. [PMID: 26072104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Barrier to Autointegration Factor (BAF or BANF1) is an abundant, highly conserved DNA binding protein. BAF is involved in multiple pathways including mitosis, nuclear assembly, viral infection, chromatin and gene regulation and the DNA damage response. BAF is also essential for early development in metazoans and relevant to human physiology; BANF1 mutations cause a progeroid syndrome, placing BAF within the laminopathy disease spectrum. This review summarizes previous knowledge about BAF in the context of recent discoveries about its protein partners, posttranslational regulation, dynamic subcellular localizations and roles in disease, innate immunity, transposable elements and genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusta Jamin
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0900, USA; Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0900, USA
| | - Matthew S Wiebe
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0900, USA; Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0900, USA.
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17
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The Inner Nuclear Membrane Protein Nemp1 Is a New Type of RanGTP-Binding Protein in Eukaryotes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127271. [PMID: 25946333 PMCID: PMC4422613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The inner nuclear membrane (INM) protein Nemp1/TMEM194A has previously been suggested to be involved in eye development in Xenopus, and contains two evolutionarily conserved sequences in the transmembrane domains (TMs) and the C-terminal region, named region A and region B, respectively. To elucidate the molecular nature of Nemp1, we analyzed its interacting proteins through those conserved regions. First, we found that Nemp1 interacts with itself and lamin through the TMs and region A, respectively. Colocalization of Nemp1 and lamin at the INM suggests that the interaction with lamin participates in the INM localization of Nemp1. Secondly, through yeast two-hybrid screening using region B as bait, we identified the small GTPase Ran as a probable Nemp1-binding partner. GST pulldown and co-immunoprecipitation assays using region B and Ran mutants revealed that region B binds directly to the GTP-bound Ran through its effector domain. Immunostaining experiments using transfected COS-7 cells revealed that full-length Nemp1 recruits Ran near the nuclear envelope, suggesting a role for Nemp1 in the accumulation of RanGTP at the nuclear periphery. At the neurula-to-tailbud stages of Xenopus embryos, nemp1 expression overlapped with ran in several regions including the eye vesicles. Co-knockdown using antisense morpholino oligos for nemp1 and ran caused reduction of cell densities and severe eye defects more strongly than either single knockdown alone, suggesting their functional interaction. Finally we show that Arabidopsis thaliana Nemp1-orthologous proteins interact with A. thaliana Ran, suggesting their evolutionally conserved physical and functional interactions possibly in basic cellular functions including nuclear transportation. Taken together, we conclude that Nemp1 represents a new type of RanGTP-binding protein.
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18
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Shang YD, Zhang JL, Zhang HX, Zheng QC. Molecular simulation investigation on the interaction between barrier-to-autointegration factor or its Gly25Glu mutant and DNA. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2246. [PMID: 24797088 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2246-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to understand the binding mechanism between Barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF) and DNA, two DNA:BAF complexes with wild type (WT) BAF and its Gly25Glu point mutate type (MT) were generated by molecular docking on the basis of the crystal structures of BAF (PDB code: 2ODG, chain A) and DNA (PDB code: 2BZF, chain B and C). Then, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed on the two docked structures, as well as BAF (WT) and BAF (MT). The results show that monomer BAF is more flexible than BAF in DNA:BAF complex, suggesting that DNA is effective to stabilize conformation of BAF, which is in good agreement with the experimental results. Besides, the mutated Glu25 in DNA:BAF (MT) can change the BAF conformation to some extent. With deeper investigation on the DNA:BAF structures, the hydrogen bonds are found to make great contribution to the interaction between DNA and BAF. The hydrogen bonds in DNA:BAF (MT) are fewer than those in DNA:BAF (WT), indicating that the Gly25Glu mutation in BAF has an important effect on the hydrogen bonds in the DNA:BAF complex. Besides, the binding free energy in DNA:BAF (MT) is also higher than that in DNA:BAF (WT). It results from the influence of Glu25 side chain on the orientation of Lys6 and Lys33 in the interface between DNA and BAF. The binding free energy of Lys72, another key residue, decreases a lot in DNA:BAF (MT) anomalously. The decreasing energy causes the destruction of hydrophobic pocket in the binding site between DNA and BAF (MT). Our results are helpful for further experimental investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Dong Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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19
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Genome-wide analysis links emerin to neuromuscular junction activity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genome Biol 2014; 15:R21. [PMID: 24490688 PMCID: PMC4053756 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2014-15-2-r21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Laminopathies are diseases characterized by defects in nuclear envelope structure. A well-known example is Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, which is caused by mutations in the human lamin A/C and emerin genes. While most nuclear envelope proteins are ubiquitously expressed, laminopathies often affect only a subset of tissues. The molecular mechanisms underlying these tissue-specific manifestations remain elusive. We hypothesize that different functional subclasses of genes might be differentially affected by defects in specific nuclear envelope components. Results Here we determine genome-wide DNA association profiles of two nuclear envelope components, lamin/LMN-1 and emerin/EMR-1 in adult Caenorhabditis elegans. Although both proteins bind to transcriptionally inactive regions of the genome, EMR-1 is enriched at genes involved in muscle and neuronal function. Deletion of either EMR-1 or LEM-2, another integral envelope protein, causes local changes in nuclear architecture as evidenced by altered association between DNA and LMN-1. Transcriptome analyses reveal that EMR-1 and LEM-2 are associated with gene repression, particularly of genes implicated in muscle and nervous system function. We demonstrate that emr-1, but not lem-2, mutants are sensitive to the cholinesterase inhibitor aldicarb, indicating altered activity at neuromuscular junctions. Conclusions We identify a class of elements that bind EMR-1 but do not associate with LMN-1, and these are enriched for muscle and neuronal genes. Our data support a redundant function of EMR-1 and LEM-2 in chromatin anchoring to the nuclear envelope and gene repression. We demonstrate a specific role of EMR-1 in neuromuscular junction activity that may contribute to Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy in humans.
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20
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Reil M, Dabauvalle MC. Essential roles of LEM-domain protein MAN1 during organogenesis in Xenopus laevis and overlapping functions of emerin. Eur J Cell Biol 2013; 92:280-94. [PMID: 24252515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in nuclear envelope proteins are linked to an increasing number of human diseases, called envelopathies. Mutations in the inner nuclear membrane protein emerin lead to X-linked Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, characterized by muscle weakness or wasting. Conversely, mutations in nuclear envelope protein MAN1 are linked to bone and skin disorders. Both proteins share a highly conserved domain, called LEM-domain. LEM proteins are known to interact with Barrier-to-autointegration factor and several transcription factors. Most envelopathies are tissue-specific, but knowledge on the physiological roles of related LEM proteins is still unclear. For this reason, we investigated the roles of MAN1 and emerin during Xenopus laevis organogenesis. Morpholino-mediated knockdown of MAN1 revealed that MAN1 is essential for the formation of eye, skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues. The MAN1 knockdown could be compensated by ectopic expression of emerin, leading to a proper organ development. Further investigations revealed that MAN1 is involved in regulation of genes essential for organ development and tissue homeostasis. Thereby our work supports that LEM proteins might be involved in signalling essential for organ development during early embryogenesis and suggests that loss of MAN1 may cause muscle and retina specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Reil
- Division of Electron Microscopy, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
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21
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Sudou N, Yamamoto S, Ogino H, Taira M. Dynamic in vivo binding of transcription factors to cis-regulatory modules of cer and gsc in the stepwise formation of the Spemann-Mangold organizer. Development 2012; 139:1651-61. [PMID: 22492356 DOI: 10.1242/dev.068395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
How multiple developmental cues are integrated on cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) for cell fate decisions remains uncertain. The Spemann-Mangold organizer in Xenopus embryos expresses the transcription factors Lim1/Lhx1, Otx2, Mix1, Siamois (Sia) and VegT. Reporter analyses using sperm nuclear transplantation and DNA injection showed that cerberus (cer) and goosecoid (gsc) are activated by the aforementioned transcription factors through CRMs conserved between X. laevis and X. tropicalis. ChIP-qPCR analysis for the five transcription factors revealed that cer and gsc CRMs are initially bound by both Sia and VegT at the late blastula stage, and subsequently bound by all five factors at the gastrula stage. At the neurula stage, only binding of Lim1 and Otx2 to the gsc CRM, among others, persists, which corresponds to their co-expression in the prechordal plate. Based on these data, together with detailed expression pattern analysis, we propose a new model of stepwise formation of the organizer, in which (1) maternal VegT and Wnt-induced Sia first bind to CRMs at the blastula stage; then (2) Nodal-inducible Lim1, Otx2, Mix1 and zygotic VegT are bound to CRMs in the dorsal endodermal and mesodermal regions where all these genes are co-expressed; and (3) these two regions are combined at the gastrula stage to form the organizer. Thus, the in vivo dynamics of multiple transcription factors highlight their roles in the initiation and maintenance of gene expression, and also reveal the stepwise integration of maternal, Nodal and Wnt signaling on CRMs of organizer genes to generate the organizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Sudou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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22
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Montes de Oca R, Andreassen PR, Wilson KL. Barrier-to-Autointegration Factor influences specific histone modifications. Nucleus 2011; 2:580-90. [PMID: 22127260 DOI: 10.4161/nucl.2.6.17960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in the nuclear envelope or nuclear 'lamina' networks cause disease and can perturb histone posttranslational (epigenetic) regulation. Barrier-to-Autointegration Factor (BAF) is an essential but enigmatic lamina component that binds lamins, LEM-domain proteins, DNA and histone H3 directly. We report that BAF copurified with nuclease-digested mononucleosomes and associated with modified histones in vivo. BAF overexpression significantly reduced global histone H3 acetylation by 18%. In cells that stably overexpressed BAF 3-fold, silencing mark H3-K27-Me1/3 and active marks H4-K16-Ac and H4-Ac5 decreased significantly. Significant increases were also seen for silencing mark H3-K9-Me3, active marks H3-K4-Me2, H3-K9/K14-Ac and H4-K5-Ac and a mark (H3-K79-Me2) associated with both active and silent chromatin. Other increases (H3-S10-P, H3-S28-P and silencing mark H3-K9-Me2) did not reach statistical significance. BAF overexpression also significantly influenced cell cycle distribution. Moreover, BAF associated in vivo with SET/I2PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor; blocks H3 dephosphorylation) and G9a (H3-K9 methyltransferase), but showed no detectable association with HDAC1 or HATs. These findings reveal BAF as a novel epigenetic regulator and are discussed in relation to BAF deficiency phenotypes, which include a hereditary progeria syndrome and loss of pluripotency in embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Montes de Oca
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Wilson
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
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24
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Wilson KL. Nuclear envelope and lamin B2 function in the central nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:6121-2. [PMID: 20360557 PMCID: PMC2851945 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1000863107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Wilson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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