1
|
Sun Y, Yang L, Du L, Zhou Y, Xu K, Chen J, He Y, Qu Q, Miao Y, Xing M, Hu Z. Duo-role Platelet-rich Plasma: temperature-induced fibrin gel and growth factors' reservoir for microneedles to promote hair regrowth. J Adv Res 2024; 55:89-102. [PMID: 36849045 PMCID: PMC10770113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alopecia concerns more than half our adult population. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been applied in skin rejuvenation and hair loss treatment. However, the pain and bleeding during injection and the troublesome for fresh preparation of each action limit PRP's in-depth applying dedication to clinics. OBJECTIVES We report a temperature-sensitive PRP induced fibrin gel included in a detachable transdermal microneedle (MN) for hair growth. RESULTS PRP gel interpenetrated with the photocrosslinkable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) to realize sustained release of growth factors (GFs) and led to 14% growth in mechanical strength of a single microneedle whose strength reached 1.21 N which is sufficient to penetrate the stratum corneum. PRP-MNs' release of VEGF, PDGF, and TGF-β were characterized and quantitatively around the hair follicles (HFs) for 4-6 days consecutively. PRP-MNs promoted hair regrowth in mice models. From transcriptome sequencing, PRP-MNs induced hair regrowth through angiogenesis and proliferation. The mechanical and TGF-β sensitive gene Ankrd1 was significantly upregulated by PRP-MNs treatment. CONCLUSION PRP-MNs show convenient, minimally invasive, painless, inexpensive manufacture, storable and sustained effects in boosting hair regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, 75A Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Lunan Yang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Lijuan Du
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Kaige Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, 75A Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Ye He
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Qian Qu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yong Miao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Malcolm Xing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, 75A Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Zhiqi Hu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu N, Yan J, Gu W, Yang Q, Lin E, Lu S, Cai B, Xia B, Liu X, Lin C. Dermal papilla cell-secreted biglycan regulates hair follicle phase transit and regeneration by activating Wnt/β-catenin. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e14969. [PMID: 37967213 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Alopecia is a prevalent problem of cutaneous appendages and lacks effective therapy. Recently, researchers have been focusing on mesenchymal components of the hair follicle, i.e. dermal papilla cells, and we previously identified biglycan secreted by dermal papilla cells as the key factor responsible for hair follicle-inducing ability. In this research, we hypothesized biglycan played an important role in hair follicle cycle and regeneration through regulating the Wnt signalling pathway. To characterize the hair follicle cycle and the expression pattern of biglycan, we observed hair follicle morphology in C57BL/6 mice on Days 0, 3, 5, 12 and 18 post-depilation and found that biglycan is highly expressed at both mRNA and protein levels throughout anagen in HFs. To explore the role of biglycan during the phase transit process and regeneration, local injections were administered in C57BL/6 and nude mice. Results showed that local injection of biglycan in anagen HFs delayed catagen progression and involve activating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Furthermore, local injection of biglycan induced HF regeneration and up-regulated expression of key Wnt factors in nude mice. In addition, cell analyses exhibited biglycan knockdown inactivated the Wnt signalling pathway in early-passage dermal papilla cell, whereas biglycan overexpression or incubation activated the Wnt signalling pathway in late-passage dermal papilla cells. These results indicate that biglycan plays a critical role in regulating HF cycle transit and regeneration in a paracrine and autocrine fashion by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and could be a potential treatment target for hair loss diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ningxia Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Junping Yan
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifan Gu
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilin Yang
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - En Lin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyue Lu
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Bozhi Cai
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xia
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Changmin Lin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ha HC, Zhou D, Fu Z, Back MJ, Jang JM, Shin IC, Kim DK. Novel Effect of Hyaluronan and Proteoglycan Link Protein 1 (HAPLN1) on Hair Follicle Cells Proliferation and Hair Growth. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:550-558. [PMID: 37551604 PMCID: PMC10468424 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair loss is a common condition that can have a negative impact on an individual's quality of life. The severe side effects and the low efficacy of current hair loss medications create unmet needs in the field of hair loss treatment. Hyaluronan and Proteoglycan Link Protein 1 (HAPLN1), one of the components of the extracellular matrix, has been shown to play a role in maintaining its integrity. HAPLN1 was examined for its ability to impact hair growth with less side effects than existing hair loss treatments. HAPLN1 was predominantly expressed in the anagen phase in three stages of the hair growth cycle in mice and promotes the proliferation of human hair matrix cells. Also, recombinant human HAPLN1 (rhHAPLN1) was shown to selectively increase the levels of transforming growth factor-β receptor II in human hair matrix cells. Furthermore, we observed concomitant activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway following treatment with rhHAPLN1. Our results indicate that rhHAPLN1 elicits its cell proliferation effect via the TGF-β2-induced ERK1/2 pathway. The prompt entering of the hair follicles into the anagen phase was observed in the rhHAPLN1-treated group, compared to the vehicle-treated group. Insights into the mechanism underlying such hair growth effects of HAPLN1 will provide a novel potential strategy for treating hair loss with much lower side effects than the current treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hae Chan Ha
- Department of Environmental & Health Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Environmental & Health Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- HaplnScience Research Institute, HaplnScience Inc., Seongnam 13494, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhicheng Fu
- Department of Environmental & Health Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- HaplnScience Research Institute, HaplnScience Inc., Seongnam 13494, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Jung Back
- Department of Environmental & Health Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Jang
- Department of Environmental & Health Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- HaplnScience Research Institute, HaplnScience Inc., Seongnam 13494, Republic of Korea
| | - In Chul Shin
- Department of Environmental & Health Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- HaplnScience Research Institute, HaplnScience Inc., Seongnam 13494, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Kyong Kim
- Department of Environmental & Health Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- HaplnScience Research Institute, HaplnScience Inc., Seongnam 13494, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gesteira TF, Verma S, Coulson-Thomas VJ. Small leucine rich proteoglycans: Biology, function and their therapeutic potential in the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:521-536. [PMID: 37355022 PMCID: PMC11092928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Small leucine rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) are the largest family of proteoglycans, with 18 members that are subdivided into five classes. SLRPs are small in size and can be present in tissues as glycosylated and non-glycosylated proteins, and the most studied SLRPs include decorin, biglycan, lumican, keratocan and fibromodulin. SLRPs specifically bind to collagen fibrils, regulating collagen fibrillogenesis and the biomechanical properties of tissues, and are expressed at particularly high levels in fibrous tissues, such as the cornea. However, SLRPs are also very active components of the ECM, interacting with numerous growth factors, cytokines and cell surface receptors. Therefore, SLRPs regulate major cellular processes and have a central role in major fundamental biological processes, such as maintaining corneal homeostasis and transparency and regulating corneal wound healing. Over the years, mutations and/or altered expression of SLRPs have been associated with various corneal diseases, such as congenital stromal corneal dystrophy and cornea plana. Recently, there has been great interest in harnessing the various functions of SLRPs for therapeutic purposes. In this comprehensive review, we describe the structural features and the related functions of SLRPs, and how these affect the therapeutic potential of SLRPs, with special emphasis on the use of SLRPs for treating ocular surface pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudhir Verma
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, USA; Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kaya S, Bailey KN, Schurman CA, Evans DS, Alliston T. Bone-cartilage crosstalk informed by aging mouse bone transcriptomics and human osteoarthritis genome-wide association studies. Bone Rep 2023; 18:101647. [PMID: 36636109 PMCID: PMC9830153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Subchondral bone participates in crosstalk with articular cartilage to maintain joint homeostasis, and disruption of either tissue results in overall joint degeneration. Among the subchondral bone changes observed in osteoarthritis (OA), subchondral bone plate (SBP) thickening has a time-dependent relationship with cartilage degeneration and has recently been shown to be regulated by osteocytes. Here, we evaluate the effect of age on SBP thickness and cartilage degeneration in aging mice. We find that SBP thickness significantly increases by 18-months of age, corresponding temporally with increased cartilage degeneration. To identify factors in subchondral bone that may participate in bone cartilage crosstalk or OA, we leveraged mouse transcriptomic data from one joint tissue compartment - osteocyte-enriched bone - to search for enrichment with human OA in UK Biobank and Arthritis Research UK Osteoarthritis Genetics (arcOGEN) GWAS using the mouse2human (M2H, www.mouse2human.org) strategy. Genes differentially expressed in aging mouse bone are significantly enriched for human OA, showing joint site-specific (knee vs. hip) relationships, exhibit temporal associations with age, and unique gene clusters are implicated in each type of OA. Application of M2H identifies genes with known and unknown functions in osteocytes and OA development that are clinically associated with human OA. Altogether, this work prioritizes genes with a potential role in bone/cartilage crosstalk for further mechanistic study based on their association with human OA in GWAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serra Kaya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Karsyn N. Bailey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Charles A. Schurman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Daniel S. Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang D, Ding H, Wang Y, Cheng G, Wang X, Leng T, Zhao H. Hair Follicle Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Differentially Expressed Genes That Regulate Wool Fiber Diameter in Angora Rabbits. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030445. [PMID: 36979137 PMCID: PMC10045444 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Wool fiber diameter (WFD) is an important index of wool traits and the main determinant of wool quality and value. However, the genetic determinants of fiber diameter have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, coarse and fine wool of Wan strain Angora rabbits and their hair follicle traits were characterized. The results indicated significant differences in the diameters of wool fibers and their hair follicles. The RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technique was used to identify differences in gene expression in hair follicles between coarse and fine wool. In total, 2574 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found between the two hair follicle groups. Transcription factors, keratin-associated protein (KAP) and keratin (KRT) families, and ECM-related genes may control the structure of fine fibers in rabbits. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed that skin development, epidermal cell and keratinocyte differentiation, epithelium development, and Notch and ribosome signaling pathways were significantly enriched, respectively. GSEA further filtered six important pathways and related core genes. PPI analysis also mined functional DEGs associated with hair structure, including LEF1, FZD3, SMAD3, ITGB6, and BMP4. Our findings provide valuable information for researching the molecular mechanisms regulating wool fiber and could facilitate enhanced selection of super-fine wool rabbits through gene-assisted selection in the future.
Collapse
|
7
|
Istiaq A, Ohta K. A review on Tsukushi: mammalian development, disorders, and therapy. J Cell Commun Signal 2022; 16:505-513. [PMID: 35233735 PMCID: PMC9733752 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00669-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tsukushi (TSK), a leucine-rich peptidoglycan in the extracellular compartment, mediates multiple signaling pathways that are critical for development and metabolism. TSK regulates signaling pathways that eventually control cellular communication, proliferation, and cell fate determination. Research on TSK has become more sophisticated in recent years, illustrating its involvement in the physiology and pathophysiology of neural, genetic, and metabolic diseases. In a recent study, we showed that TSK therapy reversed the pathophysiological abnormalities of the hydrocephalic (a neurological disorder) brain in mice. This review summarizes the roles of TSK in key signaling processes in the mammalian development, disorders, and evaluating its possible therapeutic and diagnostic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Istiaq
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, 819-0395 Fukuoka, Japan ,Department of Brain Morphogenesis, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 860-8555 Kumamoto, Japan ,HIGO Program, Kumamoto University, 860-8555 Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kunimasa Ohta
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, 819-0395 Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Istiaq A, Umemoto T, Ito N, Suda T, Shimamura K, Ohta K. Tsukushi proteoglycan maintains RNA splicing and developmental signaling network in GFAP-expressing subventricular zone neural stem/progenitor cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:994588. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.994588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tsukushi (TSK) proteoglycan dysfunction leads to hydrocephalus, a condition defined by excessive fluid collection in the ventricles and lateral ventricular enlargement. TSK injections into the LV at birth are effective at rescuing the lateral ventricle (LV). TSK regulates the activation of the Wnt signaling to facilitate the proper expansion of the LV and maintain the fate of the neural stem cell lineage. However, the molecular mechanism by which TSK acts on neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) during LV development is unknown. We demonstrated that TSK is crucial for the splicing and development-associated gene regulation of GFAP-expressing subventricular zone (SVZ) NSCs. We isolated GFAP-expressing NSCs from the SVZ of wild-type (GFAPGFP/+/TSK+/+) and TSK knock-out (GFAPGFP/+/TSK−/−) mice on postnatal day 3 and compared their transcriptome and splicing profiles. TSK deficiency in NSCs resulted in genome-wide missplicing (alteration in exon usage) and transcriptional dysregulation affecting the post-transcriptional regulatory processes (including splicing, cell cycle, and circadian rhythm) and developmental signaling networks specific to the cell (including Wnt, Sonic Hedgehog, and mTOR signaling). Furthermore, TSK deficiency prominently affected the splicing of genes encoding RNA and DNA binding proteins in the nervous SVZ and non-nervous muscle tissues. These results suggested that TSK is involved in the maintenance of correct splicing and gene regulation in GFAP-expressing NSCs, thereby protecting cell fate and LV development. Hence, our study provides a critical insight on hydrocephalus development.
Collapse
|
9
|
miR-129-5p Participates in Hair Follicle Growth by Targeting HOXC13 in Rabbit. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040679. [PMID: 35456485 PMCID: PMC9024705 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian hair formation is critically determined by the growth of hair follicles (HF). MiRNAs are crucial in the periodic development of hair follicles; they maintain epidermal homeostasis by targeting genes and influencing the activity of signaling pathways and related regulators. Our study discovered miR-129-5p to be overexpressed in the skin of Angora rabbits during catagen, and was negatively correlated with HOXC13 expression (Pearson’s R = −0.313, p < 0.05). The dual-Luciferase reporter gene detection system and Western blotting confirmed that miR-129-5p targeted HOXC13. In addition, miR-129-5p overexpression was found to significantly inhibit the expression of hair follicle development-related genes (HFDRGs), such as BCL2, WNT2, CCND1, and LEF1 (p < 0.01), and promoted the expression of SFRP2, TGF-β1, and FGF2 (p < 0.01), which was the same as the knockdown of HOXC13. In contrast, the knockout of miR-129-5p was the opposite, and it demonstrated similar results to the overexpression of HOXC13. CCK8 and flow cytometry demonstrated that miR-129-5p mimics significantly promoted the apoptosis of dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and inhibited proliferation (p < 0.01), while the inhibitor was found to reduce the apoptosis of DPCs and promote proliferation (p < 0.01). These results showed that miR-129-5p can participate in the periodic development of HF by targeting HOXC13, and it can induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation of DPCs. These results will help to understand the role and mechanism of miR-129-5p in the periodic development of HF, and will provide support for subsequent studies, not only providing a theoretical basis for genetically improving the quality of hair in animals in the future, but also a new theory and method for diagnosing and treating hair loss in humans.
Collapse
|
10
|
Shen H, Li C, He M, Huang Y, Wang J, Luo J, Wang M, Yue B, Zhang X. Whole blood transcriptome profiling identifies candidate genes associated with alopecia in male giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). BMC Genomics 2022; 23:297. [PMID: 35413801 PMCID: PMC9004003 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is a threatened species endemic to China. Alopecia, characterized by thinning and broken hair, mostly occurs in breeding males. Alopecia significantly affects the health and public image of the giant panda and the cause of alopecia is unclear. Results Here, we researched gene expression profiles of four alopecia giant pandas and seven healthy giant pandas. All pandas were approximately ten years old and their blood samples collected during the breeding season. A total of 458 up-regulated DEGs and 211 down-regulated DEGs were identified. KEGG pathway enrichment identified that upregulated genes were enriched in the Notch signaling pathway and downregulated genes were enriched in ribosome, oxidative phosphorylation, and thermogenesis pathways. We obtained 28 hair growth-related DEGs, and identified three hub genes NOTCH1, SMAD3, and TGFB1 in PPI analysis. Five hair growth-related signaling pathways were identified with abnormal expression, these were Notch, Wnt, TGF-β, Mapk, and PI3K-Akt. The overexpression of NOTCH1 delays inner root sheath differentiation and results in hair shaft abnormalities. The delayed hair regression was associated with a significant decrease in the expression levels of TGFB1. Conclusions Our data confirmed the abnormal expression of several hair-related genes and pathways and identified alopecia candidate genes in the giant panda. Results of this study provide theoretical basis for the establishment of prevention and treatment strategies for giant pandas with alopecia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08501-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Shen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Caiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, 611830, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ming He
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, 611830, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, 611830, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, 611830, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Minglei Wang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, 611830, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Bisong Yue
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology On Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Xiuyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China. .,No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang Q, Qiu X, Liu T, Ahn C, Horowitz JF, Lin JD. The hepatokine TSK maintains myofiber integrity and exercise endurance and contributes to muscle regeneration. JCI Insight 2022; 7:154746. [PMID: 35025761 PMCID: PMC8876464 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian skeletal muscle contains heterogenous myofibers with different contractile and metabolic properties that sustain muscle mass and endurance capacity. The transcriptional regulators that govern these myofiber gene programs have been elucidated. However, the hormonal cues that direct the specification of myofiber types and muscle endurance remain largely unknown. Here we uncover the secreted factor Tsukushi (TSK) as an extracellular signal that is required for maintaining muscle mass, strength, and endurance capacity, and contributes to muscle regeneration. Mice lacking TSK exhibited reduced grip strength and impaired exercise capacity. Muscle transcriptomic analysis revealed that TSK deficiency results in a remarkably selective impairment in the expression of myofibrillar genes characteristic of slow-twitch muscle fibers that is associated with abnormal neuromuscular junction formation. AAV-mediated overexpression of TSK failed to rescue these myofiber defects in adult mice, suggesting that the effects of TSK on myofibers are likely restricted to certain developmental stages. Finally, mice lacking TSK exhibited diminished muscle regeneration following cardiotoxin-induced muscle injury. These findings support a crucial role of TSK as a hormonal cue in the regulation of contractile gene expression, endurance capacity, and muscle regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Wang
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Xiaoxue Qiu
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Tongyu Liu
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Cheehoon Ahn
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | | | - Jiandie D Lin
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ito N, Riyadh MA, Ahmad SAI, Hattori S, Kanemura Y, Kiyonari H, Abe T, Furuta Y, Shinmyo Y, Kaneko N, Hirota Y, Lupo G, Hatakeyama J, Abdulhaleem M FA, Anam MB, Yamaguchi M, Takeo T, Takebayashi H, Takebayashi M, Oike Y, Nakagata N, Shimamura K, Holtzman MJ, Takahashi Y, Guillemot F, Miyakawa T, Sawamoto K, Ohta K. Dysfunction of the proteoglycan Tsukushi causes hydrocephalus through altered neurogenesis in the subventricular zone in mice. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/587/eaay7896. [PMID: 33790026 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay7896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The lateral ventricle (LV) is flanked by the subventricular zone (SVZ), a neural stem cell (NSC) niche rich in extrinsic growth factors regulating NSC maintenance, proliferation, and neuronal differentiation. Dysregulation of the SVZ niche causes LV expansion, a condition known as hydrocephalus; however, the underlying pathological mechanisms are unclear. We show that deficiency of the proteoglycan Tsukushi (TSK) in ependymal cells at the LV surface and in the cerebrospinal fluid results in hydrocephalus with neurodevelopmental disorder-like symptoms in mice. These symptoms are accompanied by altered differentiation and survival of the NSC lineage, disrupted ependymal structure, and dysregulated Wnt signaling. Multiple TSK variants found in patients with hydrocephalus exhibit reduced physiological activity in mice in vivo and in vitro. Administration of wild-type TSK protein or Wnt antagonists, but not of hydrocephalus-related TSK variants, in the LV of TSK knockout mice prevented hydrocephalus and preserved SVZ neurogenesis. These observations suggest that TSK plays a crucial role as a niche molecule modulating the fate of SVZ NSCs and point to TSK as a candidate for the diagnosis and therapy of hydrocephalus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Ito
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - M Asrafuzzaman Riyadh
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Shah Adil Ishtiyaq Ahmad
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - Satoko Hattori
- Division of System Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yonehiro Kanemura
- Department of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, 2-1-14, Hoensaka, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0006, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minami-machi,Chuou-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minami-machi,Chuou-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Furuta
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minami-machi,Chuou-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.,Mouse Genetics Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Yohei Shinmyo
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Medical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1, Takara-cho, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Naoko Kaneko
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yuki Hirota
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.,Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Giuseppe Lupo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Jun Hatakeyama
- Department of Brain Morphogenesis, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Felemban Athary Abdulhaleem M
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Badrul Anam
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO Program", Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Physiology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Toru Takeo
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development (CARD), Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Hirohide Takebayashi
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Minoru Takebayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuichi Oike
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Naomi Nakagata
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development (CARD), Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Kenji Shimamura
- Department of Brain Morphogenesis, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Michael J Holtzman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
| | - Yoshiko Takahashi
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.,AMED Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | | | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of System Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sawamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.,Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kunimasa Ohta
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan. .,Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO Program", Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,AMED Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Deng X, Li Y, Guo C, Zhao Z, Yuan G. Novel roles of Tsukushi in signaling pathways and multiple disease processes. Biofactors 2021; 47:512-521. [PMID: 33759220 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tsukushi (TSK), a newly identified hepatokine, is a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) family. TSK was originally isolated and identified in the lens of the chicken. Preliminary research on TSK has focused on its role in various physiological processes such as growth and development, wound healing, and cartilage formation. In recent years, the role of TSK in regulating cell signaling pathways, cell proliferation, and differentiation has been studied. In addition, the research has gradually expanded to the fields of glycolipid metabolism and energy balance. This article briefly reviews the role of TSK in the physiological and pathological process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhicong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Miwa T, Ito N, Ohta K. Tsukushi is essential for the formation of the posterior semicircular canal that detects gait performance. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:581-594. [PMID: 34061311 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00627-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tsukushi is a small, leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan that interacts with and regulates essential cellular signaling cascades in the chick retina and murine subventricular zone, hippocampus, dermal hair follicles, and the cochlea. However, its function in the vestibules of the inner ear remains unknown. Here, we investigated the function of Tsukushi in the vestibules and found that Tsukushi deficiency in mice resulted in defects in posterior semicircular canal formation in the vestibules, but did not lead to vestibular hair cell loss. Furthermore, Tsukushi accumulated in the non-prosensory and prosensory regions during the embryonic and postnatal developmental stages. The downregulation of Tsukushi altered the expression of key genes driving vestibule differentiation in the non-prosensory regions. Our results indicate that Tsukushi interacts with Wnt2b, bone morphogenetic protein 4, fibroblast growth factor 10, and netrin 1, thereby controlling semicircular canal formation. Therefore, Tsukushi may be an essential component of the molecular pathways regulating vestibular development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Miwa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kitano Hospital, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Ougimaci, Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Naofumi Ito
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Kumamoto, Japan
- K.K. Sciex Japan, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunimasa Ohta
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wilson SE. TGF beta -1, -2 and -3 in the modulation of fibrosis in the cornea and other organs. Exp Eye Res 2021; 207:108594. [PMID: 33894227 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The TGF beta-1, -2 and -3 isoforms are transcribed from different genes but bind to the same receptors and signal through the same canonical and non-canonical signal transduction pathways. There are numerous regulatory mechanisms controlling the action of each isoform that include the organ-specific cells producing latent TGF beta growth factors, multiple effectors that activate the isoforms, ECM-associated SLRPs and basement membrane components that modulate the activity and localization of the isoforms, other interactive cytokine-growth factor receptor systems, such as PDGF and CTGF, TGF beta receptor expression on target cells, including myofibroblast precursors, receptor binding competition, positive and negative signal transduction effectors, and transcription and translational regulatory mechanisms. While there has long been the view that TGF beta-1and TGF beta-2 are pro-fibrotic, while TGF beta-3 is anti-fibrotic, this review suggests that view is too simplistic, at least in adult tissues, since TGF beta-3 shares far more similarities in its modulation of fibrotic gene expression with TGF beta-1 and TGF beta-2, than it does differences, and often the differences are subtle. Rather, TGF beta-3 should be seen as a fibro-modulatory partner to the other two isoforms that modulates a nuanced and better controlled response to injury. The complex interplay between the three isoforms and numerous interactive proteins, in the context of the cellular milieu, controls regenerative non-fibrotic vs. fibrotic healing in a response to injury in a particular organ, as well as the resolution of fibrosis, when that occurs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Wilson
- The Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Matsushima N, Miyashita H, Kretsinger RH. Sequence features, structure, ligand interaction, and diseases in small leucine rich repeat proteoglycans. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:519-531. [PMID: 33860400 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Small leucine rich repeat proteoglycans (SLRPs) are a group of active components of the extracellular matrix in all tissues. SLRPs bind to collagens and regulate collagen fibril growth and fibril organization. SLRPs also interact with various cytokines and extracellular compounds, which lead to various biological functions such cell adhesion and signaling, proliferation, and differentiation. Mutations in SLRP genes are associated with human diseases. Now crystal structures of five SLRPs are available. We describe some features of amino acid sequence and structures of SLRPs. We also review ligand interactions and then discuss the interaction surfaces. Furthermore, we map mutations associated with human diseases and discuss possible effects on structures by the mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norio Matsushima
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Tandem Repeats, Noboribetsu, 059-0464, Japan.
- Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Miyashita
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Tandem Repeats, Noboribetsu, 059-0464, Japan
- Hokubu Rinsho Co., Ltd, Sapporo, 060⎼0061, Japan
| | - Robert H Kretsinger
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Patel V, Nolan IT, Card E, Morrison SD, Bared A. Facial Hair Transplantation for Transgender Patients: A Literature Review and Guidelines for Practice. Aesthet Surg J 2021; 41:NP42-NP51. [PMID: 33565575 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjaa430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Facial hair transplantation has become an increasingly popular modality to create a more masculine appearance for transmasculine patients. OBJECTIVES This aim of this study was to review the current literature regarding facial hair transplantation and provide recommendations and best practices for transgender patients. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase databases was conducted for studies published through April 2020 for publications discussing facial hair transplant in transmasculine patients, in addition to the nontransgender population. Data extracted include patient demographics, techniques, outcomes, complications, and patient satisfaction. RESULTS We identified 2 articles discussing facial hair transplantation in transmasculine patients. Due to the paucity of publications describing facial hair transplantation in transmasculine patients, data regarding facial hair transplant from the cisgender population were utilized to augment our review and recommendations. CONCLUSIONS Facial hair transplant is a safe and effective means of promoting a masculine appearance for transgender patients. Nevertheless, facial hair transplantation should be deferred until at least 1 year after the initiation of testosterone therapy to allow surgeons to more accurately identify regions that would benefit the most from transplantation. Additionally, providers should engage patients in discussions about any plans to undergo facial masculinization surgery because this can alter the position of transplanted hairs. Currently, follicular unit extraction from the occipital scalp is the preferred technique, with use of the temporal scalp if additional grafts are needed. Patients should be advised that a secondary grafting procedure may be needed a year after initial transplant to achieve desired density. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viren Patel
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ian T Nolan
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Card
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shane D Morrison
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Huang H, Zhang D, Fu J, Zhao L, Li D, Sun H, Liu X, Xu J, Tian T, Zhang L, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. Tsukushi is a novel prognostic biomarker and correlates with tumor-infiltrating B cells in non-small cell lung cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:4428-4451. [PMID: 33428594 PMCID: PMC7906171 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A recent study has reported that tsukushi (TSKU) may be related to the development of lung cancer. However, few studies focused on if TSKU associated with the prognosis and immune infiltration cells in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The effect of TSKU expression on prognosis with NSCLC was analyzed in the PrognoScan database and validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas. The composition of tumor infiltrating cells was quantified by methylation and expression data. We combined levels of tumor infiltrating cells with TSKU to evaluate the survival of patients. The analysis of a cohort (GSE31210, N=204) of lung cancer patients demonstrated that high TSKU expression was strongly associated with poor overall survival (P =1.90E-05). The combination of high TSKU expression and low infiltration B cells identified a subtype of patients with poor survival in NSCLC. Besides, the proportion of B cells in NSCLC patients with TSKU hypermethylation were higher than those patients with TSKU hypomethylation (P <0.001). Overall, high TSKU expression combined with low infiltration of B cells may associate with a poor prognosis of NSCLC patients. TSKU might be a potential prognostic biomarker involved in tumor immune infiltration in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinming Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongru Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yashuang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhou S, Yin X, Mayr M, Noor M, Hylands PJ, Xu Q. Proteomic landscape of TGF-β1-induced fibrogenesis in renal fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19054. [PMID: 33149203 PMCID: PMC7642370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75989-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays a premier role in fibrosis. To understand the molecular events underpinning TGF-β1-induced fibrogenesis, we examined the proteomic profiling of a TGF-β1-induced in vitro model of fibrosis in NRK-49F normal rat kidney fibroblasts. Mass spectrometric analysis indicated that 628 cell-lysate proteins enriched in 44 cellular component clusters, 24 biological processes and 27 molecular functions were regulated by TGF-β1. Cell-lysate proteins regulated by TGF-β1 were characterised by increased ribosomal proteins and dysregulated proteins involved in multiple metabolic pathways, including reduced Aldh3a1 and induced Enpp1 and Impdh2, which were validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). In conditioned media, 62 proteins enriched in 20 cellular component clusters, 40 biological processes and 7 molecular functions were regulated by TGF-β1. Secretomic analysis and ELISA uncovered dysregulated collagen degradation regulators (induced PAI-1 and reduced Mmp3), collagen crosslinker (induced Plod2), signalling molecules (induced Ccn1, Ccn2 and Tsku, and reduced Ccn3) and chemokines (induced Ccl2 and Ccl7) in the TGF-β1 group. We conclude that TGF-β1-induced fibrogenesis in renal fibroblasts is an intracellular metabolic disorder and is inherently coupled with inflammation mediated by chemokines. Proteomic profiling established in this project may guide development of novel anti-fibrotic therapies in a network pharmacology approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Zhou
- Renal Science and Integrative Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Manuel Mayr
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mazhar Noor
- Renal Science and Integrative Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Peter J Hylands
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Qihe Xu
- Renal Science and Integrative Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Miwa T, Ohta K, Ito N, Hattori S, Miyakawa T, Takeo T, Nakagata N, Song WJ, Minoda R. Tsukushi is essential for the development of the inner ear. Mol Brain 2020; 13:29. [PMID: 32127020 PMCID: PMC7053050 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00570-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tsukushi (TSK)—a small, secreted, leucine-rich-repeat proteoglycan—interacts with and regulates essential cellular signaling cascades. However, its functions in the mouse inner ear are unknown. In this study, measurement of auditory brainstem responses, fluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy revealed that TSK deficiency in mice resulted in the formation of abnormal stereocilia in the inner hair cells and hearing loss but not in the loss of these cells. TSK accumulated in nonprosensory regions during early embryonic stages and in both nonprosensory and prosensory regions in late embryonic stages. In adult mice, TSK was localized in the organ of Corti, spiral ganglion cells, and the stria vascularis. Moreover, loss of TSK caused dynamic changes in the expression of key genes that drive the differentiation of the inner hair cells in prosensory regions. Finally, our results revealed that TSK interacted with Sox2 and BMP4 to control stereocilia formation in the inner hair cells. Hence, TSK appears to be an essential component of the molecular pathways that regulate inner ear development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Miwa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kitano Hospital, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, 2-4-20 Ougimaci, Kita-ku, Osaka, 5308084, Japan. .,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan. .,Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 8608556, Japan. .,Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, JCHO Kumamoto General Hospital, 10-10 Toricho, Yatsushiro, 8668660, Japan.
| | - Kunimasa Ohta
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 8608556, Japan.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools HIGO Program, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 8608556, Japan.,Global COE Cell Fate Regulation Research and Education Unit, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 8600881, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, 1000004, Japan
| | - Naofumi Ito
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 8608556, Japan
| | - Satoko Hattori
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukak, Toyoake, 4701192, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukak, Toyoake, 4701192, Japan
| | - Toru Takeo
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development (CARD), Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 8600881, Japan
| | - Naomi Nakagata
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development (CARD), Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 8600881, Japan
| | - Wen-Jie Song
- Program for Leading Graduate Schools HIGO Program, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 8608556, Japan.,Department of Sensory and Cognitive Physiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 8608556, Japan
| | - Ryosei Minoda
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, JCHO Kumamoto General Hospital, 10-10 Toricho, Yatsushiro, 8668660, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ahmad SAI, Anam MB, Istiaq A, Ito N, Ohta K. Tsukushi is essential for proper maintenance and terminal differentiation of mouse hippocampal neural stem cells. Dev Growth Differ 2020; 62:108-117. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shah Adil Ishtiyaq Ahmad
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology Graduate School of Life Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
- Stem Cell‐Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Tangail Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Badrul Anam
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology Graduate School of Life Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
- Stem Cell‐Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
- HIGO Program Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Arif Istiaq
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology Graduate School of Life Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
- Stem Cell‐Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
- HIGO Program Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Naofumi Ito
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology Graduate School of Life Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
- Stem Cell‐Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Kunimasa Ohta
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology Graduate School of Life Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
- Stem Cell‐Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
- HIGO Program Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
- AMED Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED‐CREST) Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) Tokyo Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mouchiroud M, Camiré É, Aldow M, Caron A, Jubinville É, Turcotte L, Kaci I, Beaulieu MJ, Roy C, Labbé SM, Varin TV, Gélinas Y, Lamothe J, Trottier J, Mitchell PL, Guénard F, Festuccia WT, Joubert P, Rose CF, Karvellas CJ, Barbier O, Morissette MC, Marette A, Laplante M. The Hepatokine TSK does not affect brown fat thermogenic capacity, body weight gain, and glucose homeostasis. Mol Metab 2019; 30:184-191. [PMID: 31767170 PMCID: PMC6889588 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Hepatokines are proteins secreted by the liver that impact the functions of the liver and various tissues through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling. Recently, Tsukushi (TSK) was identified as a new hepatokine that is induced by obesity and cold exposure. It was proposed that TSK controls sympathetic innervation and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and that loss of TSK protects against diet-induced obesity and improves glucose homeostasis. Here we report the impact of deleting and/or overexpressing TSK on BAT thermogenic capacity, body weight regulation, and glucose homeostasis. Methods We measured the expression of thermogenic genes and markers of BAT innervation and activation in TSK-null and TSK-overexpressing mice. Body weight, body temperature, and parameters of glucose homeostasis were also assessed in the context of TSK loss and overexpression. Results The loss of TSK did not affect the thermogenic activation of BAT. We found that TSK-null mice were not protected against the development of obesity and did not show improvement in glucose tolerance. The overexpression of TSK also failed to modulate thermogenesis, body weight gain, and glucose homeostasis in mice. Conclusions TSK is not a significant regulator of BAT thermogenesis and is unlikely to represent an effective target to prevent obesity and improve glucose homeostasis. Loss of TSK does not affect brown fat thermogenic capacity. Loss of TSK does not protect mice against the development of obesity. Loss of TSK does not improve glucose homeostasis. Overexpression of TSK does not affect thermogenesis, body weight gain and glucose homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Mouchiroud
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Étienne Camiré
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Manal Aldow
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Éric Jubinville
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurie Turcotte
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Inés Kaci
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Beaulieu
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Roy
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien M Labbé
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada; IPS Thérapeutique, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Thibault V Varin
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Gélinas
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jennifer Lamothe
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Trottier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Endocrinology-Nephrology Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Patricia L Mitchell
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Guénard
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - William T Festuccia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Philippe Joubert
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Christopher F Rose
- Hepato-Neuro Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Constantine J Karvellas
- Liver Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Public Health Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Endocrinology-Nephrology Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu C Morissette
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada; Département de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Département de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada; Département de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mouchiroud M, Camiré É, Aldow M, Caron A, Jubinville É, Turcotte L, Kaci I, Beaulieu MJ, Roy C, Labbé SM, Varin TV, Gélinas Y, Lamothe J, Trottier J, Mitchell PL, Guénard F, Festuccia WT, Joubert P, Rose CF, Karvellas CJ, Barbier O, Morissette MC, Marette A, Laplante M. The hepatokine Tsukushi is released in response to NAFLD and impacts cholesterol homeostasis. JCI Insight 2019; 4:129492. [PMID: 31391339 PMCID: PMC6693835 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevails in obesity and is linked to several health complications including dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. How exactly NAFLD induces atherogenic dyslipidemia to promote cardiovascular diseases is still elusive. Here, we identify Tsukushi (TSK) as a hepatokine induced in response to NAFLD. We show that both endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation promote the expression and release of TSK in mice. In humans, hepatic TSK expression is also associated with steatosis, and its circulating levels are markedly increased in patients suffering from acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure (ALF), a condition linked to severe hepatic inflammation. In these patients, elevated blood TSK levels were associated with decreased transplant-free survival at hospital discharge, suggesting that TSK could have a prognostic significance. Gain- and loss-of-function studies in mice revealed that TSK impacts systemic cholesterol homeostasis. TSK reduces circulating HDL cholesterol, lowers cholesterol efflux capacity, and decreases cholesterol-to-bile acid conversion in the liver. Our data identify the hepatokine TSK as a blood biomarker of liver stress that could link NAFLD to the development of atherogenic dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Mouchiroud
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Étienne Camiré
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Manal Aldow
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Éric Jubinville
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurie Turcotte
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Inès Kaci
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Beaulieu
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Roy
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien M. Labbé
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
- IPS Thérapeutique, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Thibault V. Varin
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Gélinas
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jennifer Lamothe
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Trottier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Endocrinology-Nephrology Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Patricia L. Mitchell
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Guénard
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - William T. Festuccia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Philippe Joubert
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Christopher F. Rose
- Hepato-Neuro Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Constantine J. Karvellas
- Liver Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Public Health Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Endocrinology-Nephrology Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu C. Morissette
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine and
| | - André Marette
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine and
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine and
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yamada T, Ohta K, Motooka Y, Fujino K, Kudoh S, Tenjin Y, Sato Y, Matsuo A, Ikeda K, Suzuki M, Ito T. Significance of Tsukushi in lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2019; 131:104-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
25
|
Xiong X, Wang Q, Wang S, Zhang J, Liu T, Guo L, Yu Y, Lin JD. Mapping the molecular signatures of diet-induced NASH and its regulation by the hepatokine Tsukushi. Mol Metab 2019; 20:128-137. [PMID: 30595550 PMCID: PMC6358550 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is closely associated with metabolic syndrome and increases the risk for end-stage liver disease, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite this, the molecular events that influence NASH pathogenesis remain poorly understood. The objectives of the current study are to delineate the transcriptomic and proteomic signatures of NASH liver, to identify potential pathogenic pathways and factors, and to critically assess their role in NASH pathogenesis. METHODS We performed RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomic analyses on the livers from healthy and diet-induced NASH mice. We examined the association between plasma levels of TSK, a newly discovered hepatokine, and NASH pathologies and reversal in response to dietary switch in mice. Using TSK knockout mouse model, we determined how TSK deficiency modulates key aspects of NASH pathogenesis. RESULTS RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomic analyses revealed that diet-induced NASH triggers concordant reprogramming of the liver transcriptome and proteome in mice. NASH pathogenesis is linked to elevated plasma levels of the hepatokine TSK, whereas dietary switch reverses NASH pathologies and reduces circulating TSK concentrations. Finally, TSK inactivation protects mice from diet-induced NASH and liver transcriptome remodeling. CONCLUSIONS Global transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of healthy and NASH livers revealed the molecular signatures of diet-induced NASH and dysregulation of the liver secretome. Our study illustrates a novel pathogenic mechanism through which elevated TSK in circulation promotes NASH pathologies, thereby revealing a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Xiong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Qiuyu Wang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jinglong Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Tongyu Liu
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Liang Guo
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jiandie D Lin
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhao Z, Partridge V, Sousares M, Shelton SD, Holland CL, Pertsemlidis A, Du L. microRNA-2110 functions as an onco-suppressor in neuroblastoma by directly targeting Tsukushi. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208777. [PMID: 30550571 PMCID: PMC6294380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNA-2110 (miR-2110) was previously identified as inducing neurite outgrowth in a neuroblastoma cell lines BE(2)-C, suggesting its differentiation-inducing and oncosuppressive function in neuroblastoma. In this study, we demonstrated that synthetic miR-2110 mimic had a generic effect on reducing cell survival in neuroblastoma cell lines with distinct genetic backgrounds, although the induction of cell differentiation traits varied between cell lines. In investigating the mechanisms underlying such functions of miR-2110, we identified that among its predicted target genes down-regulated by miR-2110, knockdown of Tsukushi (TSKU) expression showed the most potent effect in inducing cell differentiation and reducing cell survival, suggesting that TSKU protein plays a key role in mediating the functions of miR-2110. In investigating the clinical relevance of miR-2110 and TSKU expression in neuroblastoma patients, we found that low tumor miR-2110 levels were significantly correlated with high tumor TSKU mRNA levels, and that both low miR-2110 and high TSKU mRNA levels were significantly correlated with poor patient survival. These findings altogether support the oncosuppressive function of miR-2110 and suggest an important role for miR-2110 and its target TSKU in neuroblastoma tumorigenesis and in determining patient prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenze Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, United States of America
| | - Veronica Partridge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michaela Sousares
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, United States of America
| | - Spencer D. Shelton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cory L. Holland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alexander Pertsemlidis
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Liqin Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chow KT, Driscoll C, Loo YM, Knoll M, Gale M. IRF5 regulates unique subset of genes in dendritic cells during West Nile virus infection. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 105:411-425. [PMID: 30457675 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.ma0318-136rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) signaling is critical for triggering innate immune activation and the expression of immune response genes, including genes that impart restriction against virus replication. RIG-I-like receptors and TLRs are PRRs that signal immune activation and drive the expression of antiviral genes and the production of type I IFN leading to induction of IFN-stimulated genes, in part through the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family of transcription factors. Previous studies with West Nile virus (WNV) showed that IRF3 and IRF7 regulate IFN expression in fibroblasts and neurons, whereas macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) retained the ability to induce IFN-β in the absence of IRF3 and IRF7 in a manner implicating IRF5 in PRR signaling actions. Here we assessed the contribution of IRF5 to immune gene induction in response to WNV infection in DCs. We examined IRF5-dependent gene expression and found that loss of IRF5 in mice resulted in modest and subtle changes in the expression of WNV-regulated genes. Anti-IRF5 chromatin immunoprecipitation with next-generation sequencing of genomic DNA coupled with mRNA analysis revealed unique IRF5 binding motifs within the mouse genome that are distinct from the canonical IRF binding motif and that link with IRF5-target gene expression. Using integrative bioinformatics analyses, we identified new IRF5 primary target genes in DCs in response to virus infection. This study provides novel insights into the distinct and unique innate immune and immune gene regulatory program directed by IRF5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwan T Chow
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Connor Driscoll
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yueh-Ming Loo
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Megan Knoll
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Ahmad SAI, Anam MB, Ito N, Ohta K. Involvement of Tsukushi in diverse developmental processes. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:205-210. [PMID: 29352451 PMCID: PMC5842206 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-0452-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tsukushi (TSK) is a small signaling molecule which takes part in different developmental processes of multiple vertebrate organisms. The diverse activity of TSK depends on its ability to bind various intermediate molecules from different major signaling pathways. Interactions of TSK with BMP, FGF, TGF-β and Wnt pathways have already been confirmed. In this review, we will introduce the latest information regarding the involvement of TSK in developmental events. We suggest a fine tuning role for TSK in multiple signaling cascades. Also, we recommend further studies on the developmental role of TSK to fully reveal its potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shah Adil Ishtiyaq Ahmad
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Badrul Anam
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Naofumi Ito
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kunimasa Ohta
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
- Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration Research and Education Unit, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
- AMED Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kahata K, Dadras MS, Moustakas A. TGF-β Family Signaling in Epithelial Differentiation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a022194. [PMID: 28246184 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epithelia exist in the animal body since the onset of embryonic development; they generate tissue barriers and specify organs and glands. Through epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs), epithelia generate mesenchymal cells that form new tissues and promote healing or disease manifestation when epithelial homeostasis is challenged physiologically or pathologically. Transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs), activins, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and growth and differentiation factors (GDFs) have been implicated in the regulation of epithelial differentiation. These TGF-β family ligands are expressed and secreted at sites where the epithelium interacts with the mesenchyme and provide paracrine queues from the mesenchyme to the neighboring epithelium, helping the specification of differentiated epithelial cell types within an organ. TGF-β ligands signal via Smads and cooperating kinase pathways and control the expression or activities of key transcription factors that promote either epithelial differentiation or mesenchymal transitions. In this review, we discuss evidence that illustrates how TGF-β family ligands contribute to epithelial differentiation and induce mesenchymal transitions, by focusing on the embryonic ectoderm and tissues that form the external mammalian body lining.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Kahata
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mahsa Shahidi Dadras
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yano K, Washio K, Tsumanuma Y, Yamato M, Ohta K, Okano T, Izumi Y. The role of Tsukushi (TSK), a small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan, in bone growth. Regen Ther 2017; 7:98-107. [PMID: 30271858 PMCID: PMC6147151 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endochondral ossification is one of a key process for bone maturation. Tsukushi (TSK) is a novel member of the secreted small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan (SLRP) family. SLRPs localize to skeletal regions and play significant roles during whole phases of bone development. Although prior evidence suggests that TSK may be involved in the regulation of bone formation, its role in skeletal development has not yet been elucidated. METHODS In the present study, we examined TSK's function during bone growth by comparing skeletal growth of TSK deficient (TSK-/-) mice and wild type (WT) mice. And an in vitro experiment using siRNA transfection of a chondrogenic cell line was performed. RESULTS TSK-/- mice exhibited decreased weight and short stature at 3 weeks of age due to decreased longitudinal bone growth coupled with low bone mass. Furthermore, an in vitro experiment using siRNA transfection into a chondrogenic cell line revealed that decreased TSK expression induced down-regulation of key chondrogenic marker gene expression and up-regulation of mid-to-late chondrogenic markers gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that TSK regulates bone elongation and bone mass by modulating growth plate chondrocyte function and consequently, overall body size.
Collapse
Key Words
- BMP, bone morphogenetic protein
- Chondrocyte
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid
- Endochondral ossification
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- Growth plate
- ITS, insulin-transferrin-selenium supplements
- SLRP, small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan
- SLRPs
- Skeletal development
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- TRAP, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
- TSK, Tsukushi
- Tsukushi
- WT, wild type
- β-gal, β-Galactosidase
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosei Yano
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kaoru Washio
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yuka Tsumanuma
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamato
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kunimasa Ohta
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Talavera-Adame D, Newman D, Newman N. Conventional and novel stem cell based therapies for androgenic alopecia. Stem Cells Cloning 2017; 10:11-19. [PMID: 28979149 PMCID: PMC5588753 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s138150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of androgenic alopecia (AGA) increases with age and it affects both men and women. Patients diagnosed with AGA may experience decreased quality of life, depression, and feel self-conscious. There are a variety of therapeutic options ranging from prescription drugs to non-prescription medications. Currently, AGA involves an annual global market revenue of US$4 billion and a growth rate of 1.8%, indicating a growing consumer market. Although natural and synthetic ingredients can promote hair growth and, therefore, be useful to treat AGA, some of them have important adverse effects and unknown mechanisms of action that limit their use and benefits. Biologic factors that include signaling from stem cells, dermal papilla cells, and platelet-rich plasma are some of the current therapeutic agents being studied for hair restoration with milder side effects. However, most of the mechanisms exerted by these factors in hair restoration are still being researched. In this review, we analyze the therapeutic agents that have been used for AGA and emphasize the potential of new therapies based on advances in stem cell technologies and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathan Newman
- American Advanced Medical Corp. (Private Practice), Beverly Hills, CA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Qiu W, Lei M, Tang H, Yan H, Wen X, Zhang W, Tan R, Wang D, Wu J. Hoxc13 is a crucial regulator of murine hair cycle. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 364:149-58. [PMID: 26553656 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2312-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hair follicles undergo cyclical growth and regression during postnatal life. Hair regression is an apoptosis-driven process strictly controlled by micro- and macro-environmental signals. However, how these signals are controlled remains largely unknown. Hoxc13, a member of the Hox gene family, is reported to play an important role in hair follicle differentiation. In the present study, we observed that Hoxc13 was highly expressed in the outer root sheath, matrix, medulla and inner root sheath of hair follicles in a hair cycle-dependent manner. We therefore investigated the role of Hoxc13 in hair follicle cycling. Injection of ShRNA (ShHoxc13) to suppress Hoxc13 in early anagen promoted premature catagen entry, shown by significantly decreased hair length and hair bulb size, increased percentage of catagen hair follicles, hair cycle score and TUNEL+ cells and inhibited proliferation. In contrast, local injection of recombinant Hoxc13 polypeptide (rhHoxc13) during the late anagen phase prolonged the anagen phase. Additionally, rhHoxc13 injections during the telogen phase significantly promoted hair growth and induced the anagen progression. At the molecular level, the expression of phosphorylated smad2 (p-smad2), a key factor of active TGF-β1 signaling, was up-regulated in the ShHoxc13-treated hair follicles and down-regulated in rhHoxc13-treated hair follicles, suggesting that Hoxc13 might block anagen-catagen transition by inhibiting the TGF-β1 signaling. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that Hoxc13 is a novel and crucial regulator of the hair cycle. This might also provide an understanding of the mechanism of the 'hair cycle clock' and the development of alopecia treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Qiu
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Mingxing Lei
- "111" Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Hongtao Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xuhong Wen
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Ranjing Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Duan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jinjin Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jing J, Wu XJ, Li YL, Cai SQ, Zheng M, Lu ZF. Expression of decorin throughout the murine hair follicle cycle: hair cycle dependence and anagen phase prolongation. Exp Dermatol 2015; 23:486-91. [PMID: 24816226 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Decorin is a prototypical member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family, which is involved in numerous biological processes. The role of decorin, as a representative SLRP, in hair follicle morphogenesis has not been elucidated. We present our initial findings on decorin expression patterns during induced murine hair follicle (HF) cycles. It was found that decorin expression is exclusively restricted to the epidermis, outer root sheath and sebaceous glands during the anagen phase, which correlates with the upregulation of decorin mRNA and protein expression in depilated murine dorsal skin. Furthermore, we used a functional approach to investigate the effects of recombinant human decorin (rhDecorin) via cutaneous injection into HFs at various murine hair cycle stages. The local injection of rhDecorin (100 μg/ml) into the hypodermis of depilated C57BL/6 mice at anagen delayed catagen progression. In contrast, rhDecorin injection during the telogen phase caused the premature onset of anagen, as demonstrated by the assessment of the following parameters: (i) hair shaft length, (ii) follicular bulbar diameter, (iii) hair follicle cycling score and (iv) follicular phase percentage. Taken together, our results suggest that decorin may modulate follicular cycling and morphogenesis. In addition, this study also provides insight into the molecular control mechanisms governing hair follicular epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jing
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Iozzo RV, Schaefer L. Proteoglycan form and function: A comprehensive nomenclature of proteoglycans. Matrix Biol 2015; 42:11-55. [PMID: 25701227 PMCID: PMC4859157 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 775] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We provide a comprehensive classification of the proteoglycan gene families and respective protein cores. This updated nomenclature is based on three criteria: Cellular and subcellular location, overall gene/protein homology, and the utilization of specific protein modules within their respective protein cores. These three signatures were utilized to design four major classes of proteoglycans with distinct forms and functions: the intracellular, cell-surface, pericellular and extracellular proteoglycans. The proposed nomenclature encompasses forty-three distinct proteoglycan-encoding genes and many alternatively-spliced variants. The biological functions of these four proteoglycan families are critically assessed in development, cancer and angiogenesis, and in various acquired and genetic diseases where their expression is aberrant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Niimori D, Kawano R, Niimori-Kita K, Ihn H, Ohta K. Tsukushi is involved in the wound healing by regulating the expression of cytokines and growth factors. J Cell Commun Signal 2014; 8:173-7. [PMID: 25159578 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-014-0241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During the wound-healing process, macrophages, fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts play a leading role in shifting from the inflammation phase to the proliferation phase, although little is known about the cell differentiation and molecular control mechanisms underlying these processes. Previously, we reported that Tsukushi (TSK), a member of the small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan family, functions as a key extracellular coordinator of multiple signalling networks. In this study, we investigated the contribution of TSK to wound healing. Analysis of wound tissue in heterozygous TSK-lacZ knock-in mice revealed a pattern of sequential TSK expression from macrophages to myofibroblasts. Quantitative PCR and in vitro cell induction experiments showed that TSK controls macrophage function and myofibroblast differentiation by inhibiting TGF-β1 secreted from macrophages. Our results suggest TSK facilitates wound healing by maintaining inflammatory cell quiescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Niimori
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Qiu W, Lei M, Li J, Wang N, Lian X. Activated hair follicle stem cells and Wnt/β-catenin signaling involve in pathnogenesis of sebaceous neoplasms. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:1022-8. [PMID: 25076848 PMCID: PMC4115241 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.8383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sebaceous glands (SGs) undergo cyclic renewal independent of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) activation while HFSCs have the potential to differentiate into sebaceous gland cells, hair follicle and epidermal keratinocytes. Abnormalities of sebaceous gland progenitor cells contribute to the development of sebaceous neoplasms, but little is known about the role of HFSCs during sebaceous neoplasm development. Here, using dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) plus 12-o-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) treatment developing sebaceous neoplasms (SNs) were identified with H&E and Oil red O staining. And then the molecular expression and activation of HFSCs and was characterized by immunostaining. Wnt10b/β-catenin signaling molecular which is important for activation of HFSCs were detected by immunostaining. We found hair follicle and epidermal cell markers were expressed in sebaceous neoplasms. Furthermore, SOX-9 and CD34-positive HFSCs were located in the basal layer of sebaceous lobules within the sebaceous neoplasms. Many appear to be in an active state. Finally, Wnt10b/β-catenin signaling was activated within the basal cells of sebaceous lobules in the sebaceous neoplasms. Collectively, our findings suggest that the abnormal activation of both HFSCs and Wnt10b/β-catenin signaling involves in the development of sebaceous neoplasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Qiu
- 1. Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mingxing Lei
- 3. "111" Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jin Li
- 3. "111" Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ning Wang
- 2. Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaohua Lian
- 1. Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Epidermal development in mammals: key regulators, signals from beneath, and stem cells. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10869-95. [PMID: 23708093 PMCID: PMC3709707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140610869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermis is one of the best-studied tissues in mammals that contain types of stem cells. Outstanding works in recent years have shed great light on behaviors of different epidermal stem cell populations in the homeostasis and regeneration of the epidermis as well as hair follicles. Also, the molecular mechanisms governing these stem cells are being elucidated, from genetic to epigenetic levels. Compared with the explicit knowledge about adult skin, embryonic development of the epidermis, especially the early period, still needs exploration. Furthermore, stem cells in the embryonic epidermis are largely unstudied or ambiguously depicted. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the process of embryonic epidermal development, with focuses on some key molecular regulators and the role of the sub-epidermal mesenchyme. We will also try to trace adult epidermal stem cell populations back to embryonic development. In addition, we will comment on in vitro derivation of epidermal lineages from ES cells and iPS cells.
Collapse
|
39
|
The combinatorial guidance activities of draxin and Tsukushi are essential for forebrain commissure formation. Dev Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|