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Berg C, Sieber M, Sun J. Finishing the egg. Genetics 2024; 226:iyad183. [PMID: 38000906 PMCID: PMC10763546 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamete development is a fundamental process that is highly conserved from early eukaryotes to mammals. As germ cells develop, they must coordinate a dynamic series of cellular processes that support growth, cell specification, patterning, the loading of maternal factors (RNAs, proteins, and nutrients), differentiation of structures to enable fertilization and ensure embryonic survival, and other processes that make a functional oocyte. To achieve these goals, germ cells integrate a complex milieu of environmental and developmental signals to produce fertilizable eggs. Over the past 50 years, Drosophila oogenesis has risen to the forefront as a system to interrogate the sophisticated mechanisms that drive oocyte development. Studies in Drosophila have defined mechanisms in germ cells that control meiosis, protect genome integrity, facilitate mRNA trafficking, and support the maternal loading of nutrients. Work in this system has provided key insights into the mechanisms that establish egg chamber polarity and patterning as well as the mechanisms that drive ovulation and egg activation. Using the power of Drosophila genetics, the field has begun to define the molecular mechanisms that coordinate environmental stresses and nutrient availability with oocyte development. Importantly, the majority of these reproductive mechanisms are highly conserved throughout evolution, and many play critical roles in the development of somatic tissues as well. In this chapter, we summarize the recent progress in several key areas that impact egg chamber development and ovulation. First, we discuss the mechanisms that drive nutrient storage and trafficking during oocyte maturation and vitellogenesis. Second, we examine the processes that regulate follicle cell patterning and how that patterning impacts the construction of the egg shell and the establishment of embryonic polarity. Finally, we examine regulatory factors that control ovulation, egg activation, and successful fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Berg
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5065USA
| | - Matthew Sieber
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390USA
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269USA
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2
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Clark E, Battistara M, Benton MA. A timer gene network is spatially regulated by the terminal system in the Drosophila embryo. eLife 2022; 11:e78902. [PMID: 36524728 PMCID: PMC10065802 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In insect embryos, anteroposterior patterning is coordinated by the sequential expression of the 'timer' genes caudal, Dichaete, and odd-paired, whose expression dynamics correlate with the mode of segmentation. In Drosophila, the timer genes are expressed broadly across much of the blastoderm, which segments simultaneously, but their expression is delayed in a small 'tail' region, just anterior to the hindgut, which segments during germband extension. Specification of the tail and the hindgut depends on the terminal gap gene tailless, but beyond this the regulation of the timer genes is poorly understood. We used a combination of multiplexed imaging, mutant analysis, and gene network modelling to resolve the regulation of the timer genes, identifying 11 new regulatory interactions and clarifying the mechanism of posterior terminal patterning. We propose that a dynamic Tailless expression gradient modulates the intrinsic dynamics of a timer gene cross-regulatory module, delineating the tail region and delaying its developmental maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Clark
- Department of Zoology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Department of Genetics, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Margherita Battistara
- Department of Zoology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Benton
- Department of Zoology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Developmental Biology Unit, EMBLHeidelbergGermany
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3
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Chipman AD. The evolution of the gene regulatory networks patterning the Drosophila Blastoderm. Curr Top Dev Biol 2021; 139:297-324. [PMID: 32450964 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Drosophila blastoderm gene regulatory network is one of the best studied networks in biology. It is composed of a series of tiered sub-networks that act sequentially to generate a primary segmental pattern. Many of these sub-networks have been studied in other arthropods, allowing us to reconstruct how each of them evolved over the transition from the arthropod ancestor to the situation seen in Drosophila today. I trace the evolution of each of these networks, showing how some of them have been modified significantly in Drosophila relative to the ancestral state while others are largely conserved across evolutionary timescales. I compare the putative ancestral arthropod segmentation network with that found in Drosophila and discuss how and why it has been modified throughout evolution, and to what extent this modification is unusual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel D Chipman
- The Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel.
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4
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Novikova AV, Auman T, Cohen M, Oleynik O, Stahi-Hitin R, Gil E, Weisbrod A, Chipman AD. The multiple roles of caudal in early development of the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus. Dev Biol 2020; 467:66-76. [PMID: 32891622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The homeobox transcription factor Caudal has conserved roles in all Bilateria in defining the posterior pole and in controlling posterior elongation. These roles are seemingly similar and are difficult to disentangle. We have carried out a detailed analysis of the expression, function and interactions of the caudal ortholog of the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus, a hemimetabolous insect with a conservative early development process, in order to understand its different functions throughout development. In Oncopeltus, caudal is not maternally deposited, but has a sequence of roles in the posterior of the embryos throughout early development. It defines and maintains a posterior-anterior gradient in the blastoderm and modulates the activity of segmentation genes in simultaneous segmentation during the blastoderm stage. It later defines the invagination site and the posterior segment addition zone (SAZ) in the germband. It maintains the posterior SAZ cells in an undifferentiated proliferative state, while promoting dynamic expression of segmentation genes in the anterior SAZ. We show that rather than being a simple posterior determinant, Caudal is involved in several distinct regulatory networks, each with a distinct developmental role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asya V Novikova
- The Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tzach Auman
- The Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mira Cohen
- The Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Olesya Oleynik
- The Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reut Stahi-Hitin
- The Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ella Gil
- The Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anat Weisbrod
- The Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariel D Chipman
- The Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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5
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Taylor SE, Tuffery J, Bakopoulos D, Lequeux S, Warr CG, Johnson TK, Dearden PK. The torso-like gene functions to maintain the structure of the vitelline membrane in Nasonia vitripennis, implying its co-option into Drosophila axis formation. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.046284. [PMID: 31488408 PMCID: PMC6777369 DOI: 10.1242/bio.046284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Axis specification is a fundamental developmental process. Despite this, the mechanisms by which it is controlled across insect taxa are strikingly different. An excellent example of this is terminal patterning, which in Diptera such as Drosophila melanogaster occurs via the localized activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase Torso. In Hymenoptera, however, the same process appears to be achieved via localized mRNA. How these mechanisms evolved and what they evolved from remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that torso-like, known for its role in Drosophila terminal patterning, is instead required for the integrity of the vitelline membrane in the hymenopteran wasp Nasonia vitripennis. We find that other genes known to be involved in Drosophila terminal patterning, such as torso and Ptth, also do not function in Nasonia embryonic development. These findings extended to orthologues of Drosophila vitelline membrane proteins known to play a role in localizing Torso-like in Drosophila; in Nasonia these are instead required for dorso–ventral patterning, gastrulation and potentially terminal patterning. Our data underscore the importance of the vitelline membrane in insect development, and implies phenotypes caused by knockdown of torso-like must be interpreted in light of its function in the vitelline membrane. In addition, our data imply that the signalling components of the Drosophila terminal patterning systems were co-opted from roles in regulating moulting, and co-option into terminal patterning involved the evolution of a novel interaction with the vitelline membrane protein Torso-like. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: In the parasitic wasp Nasonia, Tsl, a key component of the process that defines the termini of the embryo of Drosophila, has a function in the structure of the vitelline membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E Taylor
- Genomics Aotearoa and Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, Aotearoa-New Zealand
| | - Jack Tuffery
- Genomics Aotearoa and Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, Aotearoa-New Zealand
| | - Daniel Bakopoulos
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sharon Lequeux
- Otago Micro- and Nano- scale Imaging, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand, Aotearoa-New Zealand
| | - Coral G Warr
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Travis K Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Peter K Dearden
- Genomics Aotearoa and Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, Aotearoa-New Zealand
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Skelly J, Pushparajan C, Duncan EJ, Dearden PK. Evolution of the Torso activation cassette, a pathway required for terminal patterning and moulting. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 28:392-408. [PMID: 30548465 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic terminal patterning and moulting are critical developmental processes in insects. In Drosophila and Tribolium both of these processes are regulated by the Torso-activation cassette (TAC). The TAC consists of a common receptor, Torso, ligands Trunk and prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH), and the spatially restricted protein Torso-like, with combinations of these elements acting mechanistically to activate the receptor in different developmental contexts. In order to trace the evolutionary history of the TAC we determined the presence or absence of TAC components in the genomes of arthropods. Our analyses reveal that Torso, Trunk and PTTH are evolutionarily labile components of the TAC with multiple individual or combined losses occurring in the arthropod lineages leading to and within the insects. These losses are often correlated, with both ligands and receptor missing from the genome of the same species. We determine that the PTTH gene evolved in the common ancestor of Hemiptera and Holometabola, and is missing from the genomes of a number of species with experimentally demonstrated PTTH activity, implying another molecule may be involved in ecdysis in these species. In contrast, the torso-like gene is a common component of pancrustacean genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Skelly
- Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Genomics Aotearoa, Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, Aotearoa-New Zealand
| | - C Pushparajan
- Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Genomics Aotearoa, Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, Aotearoa-New Zealand
| | - E J Duncan
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - P K Dearden
- Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Genomics Aotearoa, Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, Aotearoa-New Zealand
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7
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Panfilio KA, Vargas Jentzsch IM, Benoit JB, Erezyilmaz D, Suzuki Y, Colella S, Robertson HM, Poelchau MF, Waterhouse RM, Ioannidis P, Weirauch MT, Hughes DST, Murali SC, Werren JH, Jacobs CGC, Duncan EJ, Armisén D, Vreede BMI, Baa-Puyoulet P, Berger CS, Chang CC, Chao H, Chen MJM, Chen YT, Childers CP, Chipman AD, Cridge AG, Crumière AJJ, Dearden PK, Didion EM, Dinh H, Doddapaneni HV, Dolan A, Dugan S, Extavour CG, Febvay G, Friedrich M, Ginzburg N, Han Y, Heger P, Holmes CJ, Horn T, Hsiao YM, Jennings EC, Johnston JS, Jones TE, Jones JW, Khila A, Koelzer S, Kovacova V, Leask M, Lee SL, Lee CY, Lovegrove MR, Lu HL, Lu Y, Moore PJ, Munoz-Torres MC, Muzny DM, Palli SR, Parisot N, Pick L, Porter ML, Qu J, Refki PN, Richter R, Rivera-Pomar R, Rosendale AJ, Roth S, Sachs L, Santos ME, Seibert J, Sghaier E, Shukla JN, Stancliffe RJ, Tidswell O, Traverso L, van der Zee M, Viala S, Worley KC, Zdobnov EM, Gibbs RA, Richards S. Molecular evolutionary trends and feeding ecology diversification in the Hemiptera, anchored by the milkweed bug genome. Genome Biol 2019. [PMID: 30935422 DOI: 10.1101/201731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hemiptera (aphids, cicadas, and true bugs) are a key insect order, with high diversity for feeding ecology and excellent experimental tractability for molecular genetics. Building upon recent sequencing of hemipteran pests such as phloem-feeding aphids and blood-feeding bed bugs, we present the genome sequence and comparative analyses centered on the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus, a seed feeder of the family Lygaeidae. RESULTS The 926-Mb Oncopeltus genome is well represented by the current assembly and official gene set. We use our genomic and RNA-seq data not only to characterize the protein-coding gene repertoire and perform isoform-specific RNAi, but also to elucidate patterns of molecular evolution and physiology. We find ongoing, lineage-specific expansion and diversification of repressive C2H2 zinc finger proteins. The discovery of intron gain and turnover specific to the Hemiptera also prompted the evaluation of lineage and genome size as predictors of gene structure evolution. Furthermore, we identify enzymatic gains and losses that correlate with feeding biology, particularly for reductions associated with derived, fluid nutrition feeding. CONCLUSIONS With the milkweed bug, we now have a critical mass of sequenced species for a hemimetabolous insect order and close outgroup to the Holometabola, substantially improving the diversity of insect genomics. We thereby define commonalities among the Hemiptera and delve into how hemipteran genomes reflect distinct feeding ecologies. Given Oncopeltus's strength as an experimental model, these new sequence resources bolster the foundation for molecular research and highlight technical considerations for the analysis of medium-sized invertebrate genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Panfilio
- Institute for Zoology: Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Iris M Vargas Jentzsch
- Institute for Zoology: Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joshua B Benoit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Deniz Erezyilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- Present address: Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SR, UK
| | - Yuichiro Suzuki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, 106 Central St., Wellesley, MA, 02481, USA
| | - Stefano Colella
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, INRA, BF2I, UMR0203, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France
- Present address: LSTM, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, INRA, IRD, CIRAD, SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hugh M Robertson
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | | | - Robert M Waterhouse
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Present address: Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Panagiotis Ioannidis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Division of Biomedical Informatics, and Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Daniel S T Hughes
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shwetha C Murali
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Present address: Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Present address: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - John H Werren
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Chris G C Jacobs
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Elizabeth J Duncan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genomics Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David Armisén
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France
| | - Barbara M I Vreede
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Chloé S Berger
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France
| | - Chun-Che Chang
- Department of Entomology/Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsu Chao
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mei-Ju M Chen
- National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Yen-Ta Chen
- Institute for Zoology: Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Ariel D Chipman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Andrew G Cridge
- Department of Biochemistry and Genomics Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Antonin J J Crumière
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France
| | - Peter K Dearden
- Department of Biochemistry and Genomics Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Elise M Didion
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Huyen Dinh
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Harsha Vardhan Doddapaneni
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Amanda Dolan
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
- Present address: School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Shannon Dugan
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Cassandra G Extavour
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Gérard Febvay
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, INRA, BF2I, UMR0203, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Markus Friedrich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Neta Ginzburg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yi Han
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Peter Heger
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47a, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christopher J Holmes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Thorsten Horn
- Institute for Zoology: Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yi-Min Hsiao
- Department of Entomology/Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Emily C Jennings
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - J Spencer Johnston
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Tamsin E Jones
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Jeffery W Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Abderrahman Khila
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France
| | - Stefan Koelzer
- Institute for Zoology: Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Megan Leask
- Department of Biochemistry and Genomics Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Sandra L Lee
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chien-Yueh Lee
- National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Mackenzie R Lovegrove
- Department of Biochemistry and Genomics Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Hsiao-Ling Lu
- Department of Entomology/Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yong Lu
- Department of Entomology and Program in Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Patricia J Moore
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 120 Cedar St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Monica C Munoz-Torres
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Donna M Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Subba R Palli
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Nicolas Parisot
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, INRA, BF2I, UMR0203, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Leslie Pick
- Department of Entomology and Program in Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Megan L Porter
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Jiaxin Qu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Peter N Refki
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France
- Present address: Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionsbiologie, August-Thienemann-Straße 2, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Rose Richter
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
- Present address: Earthworks Institute, 185 Caroline Street, Rochester, NY, 14620, USA
| | - Rolando Rivera-Pomar
- Centro de Bioinvestigaciones, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de Buenos Aires, Pergamino, Argentina
| | - Andrew J Rosendale
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Siegfried Roth
- Institute for Zoology: Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lena Sachs
- Institute for Zoology: Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Emília Santos
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France
| | - Jan Seibert
- Institute for Zoology: Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Essia Sghaier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France
| | - Jayendra N Shukla
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
- Present address: Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Rajasthan (CURAJ), NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, 305801, India
| | - Richard J Stancliffe
- Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121, Bonn, Germany
- Present address: E. A. Milne Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Olivia Tidswell
- Department of Biochemistry and Genomics Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
- Present address: Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DT, UK
| | - Lucila Traverso
- Centro Regional de Estudios Genómicos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Maurijn van der Zee
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Séverine Viala
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France
| | - Kim C Worley
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Evgeny M Zdobnov
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stephen Richards
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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8
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Panfilio KA, Vargas Jentzsch IM, Benoit JB, Erezyilmaz D, Suzuki Y, Colella S, Robertson HM, Poelchau MF, Waterhouse RM, Ioannidis P, Weirauch MT, Hughes DST, Murali SC, Werren JH, Jacobs CGC, Duncan EJ, Armisén D, Vreede BMI, Baa-Puyoulet P, Berger CS, Chang CC, Chao H, Chen MJM, Chen YT, Childers CP, Chipman AD, Cridge AG, Crumière AJJ, Dearden PK, Didion EM, Dinh H, Doddapaneni HV, Dolan A, Dugan S, Extavour CG, Febvay G, Friedrich M, Ginzburg N, Han Y, Heger P, Holmes CJ, Horn T, Hsiao YM, Jennings EC, Johnston JS, Jones TE, Jones JW, Khila A, Koelzer S, Kovacova V, Leask M, Lee SL, Lee CY, Lovegrove MR, Lu HL, Lu Y, Moore PJ, Munoz-Torres MC, Muzny DM, Palli SR, Parisot N, Pick L, Porter ML, Qu J, Refki PN, Richter R, Rivera-Pomar R, Rosendale AJ, Roth S, Sachs L, Santos ME, Seibert J, Sghaier E, Shukla JN, Stancliffe RJ, Tidswell O, Traverso L, van der Zee M, Viala S, Worley KC, Zdobnov EM, Gibbs RA, Richards S. Molecular evolutionary trends and feeding ecology diversification in the Hemiptera, anchored by the milkweed bug genome. Genome Biol 2019; 20:64. [PMID: 30935422 PMCID: PMC6444547 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-019-1660-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hemiptera (aphids, cicadas, and true bugs) are a key insect order, with high diversity for feeding ecology and excellent experimental tractability for molecular genetics. Building upon recent sequencing of hemipteran pests such as phloem-feeding aphids and blood-feeding bed bugs, we present the genome sequence and comparative analyses centered on the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus, a seed feeder of the family Lygaeidae. RESULTS The 926-Mb Oncopeltus genome is well represented by the current assembly and official gene set. We use our genomic and RNA-seq data not only to characterize the protein-coding gene repertoire and perform isoform-specific RNAi, but also to elucidate patterns of molecular evolution and physiology. We find ongoing, lineage-specific expansion and diversification of repressive C2H2 zinc finger proteins. The discovery of intron gain and turnover specific to the Hemiptera also prompted the evaluation of lineage and genome size as predictors of gene structure evolution. Furthermore, we identify enzymatic gains and losses that correlate with feeding biology, particularly for reductions associated with derived, fluid nutrition feeding. CONCLUSIONS With the milkweed bug, we now have a critical mass of sequenced species for a hemimetabolous insect order and close outgroup to the Holometabola, substantially improving the diversity of insect genomics. We thereby define commonalities among the Hemiptera and delve into how hemipteran genomes reflect distinct feeding ecologies. Given Oncopeltus's strength as an experimental model, these new sequence resources bolster the foundation for molecular research and highlight technical considerations for the analysis of medium-sized invertebrate genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Panfilio
- Institute for Zoology: Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Iris M Vargas Jentzsch
- Institute for Zoology: Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joshua B Benoit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Deniz Erezyilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- Present address: Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SR, UK
| | - Yuichiro Suzuki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, 106 Central St., Wellesley, MA, 02481, USA
| | - Stefano Colella
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, INRA, BF2I, UMR0203, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France
- Present address: LSTM, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, INRA, IRD, CIRAD, SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hugh M Robertson
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | | | - Robert M Waterhouse
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Present address: Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Panagiotis Ioannidis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Division of Biomedical Informatics, and Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Daniel S T Hughes
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shwetha C Murali
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Present address: Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Present address: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - John H Werren
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Chris G C Jacobs
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Elizabeth J Duncan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genomics Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David Armisén
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France
| | - Barbara M I Vreede
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Chloé S Berger
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France
| | - Chun-Che Chang
- Department of Entomology/Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsu Chao
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mei-Ju M Chen
- National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Yen-Ta Chen
- Institute for Zoology: Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Ariel D Chipman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Andrew G Cridge
- Department of Biochemistry and Genomics Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Antonin J J Crumière
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France
| | - Peter K Dearden
- Department of Biochemistry and Genomics Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Elise M Didion
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Huyen Dinh
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Harsha Vardhan Doddapaneni
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Amanda Dolan
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
- Present address: School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Shannon Dugan
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Cassandra G Extavour
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Gérard Febvay
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, INRA, BF2I, UMR0203, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Markus Friedrich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Neta Ginzburg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yi Han
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Peter Heger
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47a, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christopher J Holmes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Thorsten Horn
- Institute for Zoology: Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yi-Min Hsiao
- Department of Entomology/Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Emily C Jennings
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - J Spencer Johnston
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Tamsin E Jones
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Jeffery W Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Abderrahman Khila
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France
| | - Stefan Koelzer
- Institute for Zoology: Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Megan Leask
- Department of Biochemistry and Genomics Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Sandra L Lee
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chien-Yueh Lee
- National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Mackenzie R Lovegrove
- Department of Biochemistry and Genomics Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Hsiao-Ling Lu
- Department of Entomology/Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yong Lu
- Department of Entomology and Program in Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Patricia J Moore
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 120 Cedar St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Monica C Munoz-Torres
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Donna M Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Subba R Palli
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Nicolas Parisot
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, INRA, BF2I, UMR0203, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Leslie Pick
- Department of Entomology and Program in Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Megan L Porter
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Jiaxin Qu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Peter N Refki
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France
- Present address: Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionsbiologie, August-Thienemann-Straße 2, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Rose Richter
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
- Present address: Earthworks Institute, 185 Caroline Street, Rochester, NY, 14620, USA
| | - Rolando Rivera-Pomar
- Centro de Bioinvestigaciones, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de Buenos Aires, Pergamino, Argentina
| | - Andrew J Rosendale
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Siegfried Roth
- Institute for Zoology: Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lena Sachs
- Institute for Zoology: Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Emília Santos
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France
| | - Jan Seibert
- Institute for Zoology: Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Essia Sghaier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France
| | - Jayendra N Shukla
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
- Present address: Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Rajasthan (CURAJ), NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, 305801, India
| | - Richard J Stancliffe
- Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121, Bonn, Germany
- Present address: E. A. Milne Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Olivia Tidswell
- Department of Biochemistry and Genomics Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
- Present address: Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DT, UK
| | - Lucila Traverso
- Centro Regional de Estudios Genómicos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Maurijn van der Zee
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Séverine Viala
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France
| | - Kim C Worley
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Evgeny M Zdobnov
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stephen Richards
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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9
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Mineo A, Furriols M, Casanova J. The trigger (and the restriction) of Torso RTK activation. Open Biol 2018; 8:180180. [PMID: 30977718 PMCID: PMC6303783 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Torso pathway is an ideal model of receptor tyrosine kinase systems, in particular when addressing questions such as how receptor activity is turned on and, equally important, how it is restricted, how different outcomes can be generated from a single signal, and the extent to which gene regulation by signalling pathways relies on the relief of transcriptional repression. In this regard, we considered it pertinent to single out the fundamental notions learned from the Torso pathway beyond the specificities of this system (Furriols and Casanova 2003 EMBO J. 22, 1947-1952. ( doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg224 )). Since then, the Torso system has gained relevance and its implications beyond its original involvement in morphogenesis and into many disciplines such as oncogenesis, hormone control and neurobiology are now acknowledged. Thus, we believe that it is timely to highlight additional notions supported by new findings and to draw attention to future prospects. Given the late development of research in the field, we wish to devote this review to the events leading to the activation of the Torso receptor, the main focus of our most recent work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mineo
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), C/Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), C/Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marc Furriols
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), C/Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), C/Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Casanova
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), C/Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), C/Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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10
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Auman T, Chipman AD. The Evolution of Gene Regulatory Networks that Define Arthropod Body Plans. Integr Comp Biol 2018; 57:523-532. [PMID: 28957519 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icx035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the genetics of arthropod body plan development originally stems from work on Drosophila melanogaster from the late 1970s and onward. In Drosophila, there is a relatively detailed model for the network of gene interactions that proceeds in a sequential-hierarchical fashion to define the main features of the body plan. Over the years, we have a growing understanding of the networks involved in defining the body plan in an increasing number of arthropod species. It is now becoming possible to tease out the conserved aspects of these networks and to try to reconstruct their evolution. In this contribution, we focus on several key nodes of these networks, starting from early patterning in which the main axes are determined and the broad morphological domains of the embryo are defined, and on to later stage wherein the growth zone network is active in sequential addition of posterior segments. The pattern of conservation of networks is very patchy, with some key aspects being highly conserved in all arthropods and others being very labile. Many aspects of early axis patterning are highly conserved, as are some aspects of sequential segment generation. In contrast, regional patterning varies among different taxa, and some networks, such as the terminal patterning network, are only found in a limited range of taxa. The growth zone segmentation network is ancient and is probably plesiomorphic to all arthropods. In some insects, it has undergone significant modification to give rise to a more hardwired network that generates individual segments separately. In other insects and in most arthropods, the sequential segmentation network has undergone a significant amount of systems drift, wherein many of the genes have changed. However, it maintains a conserved underlying logic and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzach Auman
- The Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariel D Chipman
- The Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
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11
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Maternal Torso-Like Coordinates Tissue Folding During Drosophila Gastrulation. Genetics 2017; 206:1459-1468. [PMID: 28495958 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.200576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid and orderly folding of epithelial tissue during developmental processes such as gastrulation requires the precise coordination of changes in cell shape. Here, we report that the perforin-like protein Torso-like (Tsl), the key extracellular determinant for Drosophila embryonic terminal patterning, also functions to control epithelial morphogenesis. We find that tsl null mutants display a ventral cuticular hole phenotype that is independent of the loss of terminal structures, and arises as a consequence of mesoderm invagination defects. We show that the holes are caused by uncoordinated constriction of ventral cell apices, resulting in the formation of an incomplete ventral furrow. Consistent with these data, we find that loss of tsl is sensitive to gene dosage of RhoGEF2, a critical mediator of Rho1-dependent ventral cell shape changes during furrow formation, suggesting that Tsl may act in this pathway. In addition, loss of tsl strongly suppressed the effects of ectopic expression of Folded Gastrulation (Fog), a secreted protein that promotes apical constriction. Taken together, our data suggest that Tsl controls Rho1-mediated apical constriction via Fog. Therefore, we propose that Tsl regulates extracellular Fog activity to synchronize cell shape changes and coordinate ventral morphogenesis in Drosophila Identifying the Tsl-mediated event that is common to both terminal patterning and morphogenesis will be valuable for our understanding of the extracellular control of developmental signaling by perforin-like proteins.
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12
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Janssen R. A molecular view of onychophoran segmentation. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2017; 46:341-353. [PMID: 27725255 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper summarizes our current knowledge on the expression and assumed function of Drosophila and (other) arthropod segmentation gene orthologs in Onychophora, a closely related outgroup to Arthropoda. This includes orthologs of the so-called Drosophila segmentation gene cascade including the Hox genes, as well as other genetic factors and pathways involved in non-drosophilid arthropods. Open questions about and around the topic are addressed, such as the definition of segments in onychophorans, the unclear regulation of conserved expression patterns downstream of non-conserved factors, and the potential role of mesodermal patterning in onychophoran segmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Janssen
- Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Villavägen 16, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
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13
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Chipman AD. Oncopeltus fasciatus
as an evo-devo research organism. Genesis 2017; 55. [DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel D. Chipman
- The Department of Ecology; Evolution and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus; Givat Ram Jerusalem 91904 Israel
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14
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Ginzburg N, Cohen M, Chipman AD. Factors involved in early polarization of the anterior-posterior axis in the milkweed bugOncopeltus fasciatus. Genesis 2017; 55. [DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neta Ginzburg
- The Department of Ecology; Evolution and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus; Givat Ram Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Mira Cohen
- The Department of Ecology; Evolution and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus; Givat Ram Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Ariel D. Chipman
- The Department of Ecology; Evolution and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus; Givat Ram Jerusalem 91904 Israel
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15
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Auman T, Vreede BMI, Weiss A, Hester SD, Williams TA, Nagy LM, Chipman AD. Dynamics of growth zone patterning in the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus. Development 2017; 144:1896-1905. [PMID: 28432218 PMCID: PMC5450833 DOI: 10.1242/dev.142091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We describe the dynamic process of abdominal segment generation in the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus. We present detailed morphological measurements of the growing germband throughout segmentation. Our data are complemented by cell division profiles and expression patterns of key genes, including invected and even-skipped as markers for different stages of segment formation. We describe morphological and mechanistic changes in the growth zone and in nascent segments during the generation of individual segments and throughout segmentation, and examine the relative contribution of newly formed versus existing tissue to segment formation. Although abdominal segment addition is primarily generated through the rearrangement of a pool of undifferentiated cells, there is nonetheless proliferation in the posterior. By correlating proliferation with gene expression in the growth zone, we propose a model for growth zone dynamics during segmentation in which the growth zone is functionally subdivided into two distinct regions: a posterior region devoted to a slow rate of growth among undifferentiated cells, and an anterior region in which segmental differentiation is initiated and proliferation inhibited. Summary: A detailed analysis of posterior segment addition in an insect reveals that the growth zone is divided into two functional domains responsible for growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzach Auman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Barbara M I Vreede
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aryeh Weiss
- Faculty of Engineering and The Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel.,Bio-Imaging Unit, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Susan D Hester
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | | | - Lisa M Nagy
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Ariel D Chipman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
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The Function and Evolution of Nuclear Receptors in Insect Embryonic Development. Curr Top Dev Biol 2017; 125:39-70. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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17
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Surkova SY, Golubkova EV, Mamon LA, Samsonova MG. Morphogenetic networks which determine the spatial expression of zygotic genes in early Drosophila embryo. Russ J Dev Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360416040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Schmidt-Ott U, Kwan CW. Morphogenetic functions of extraembryonic membranes in insects. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2016; 13:86-92. [PMID: 27436557 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Morphogenetic functions of the amnioserosa, the serosa, the amnion, and the yolk sac are reviewed on the basis of recent studies in flies (Drosophila, Megaselia), beetles (Tribolium), and hemipteran bugs (Oncopeltus). Three hypotheses are presented. First, it is suggested that the amnioserosa of Drosophila and the dorsal amnion of other fly species function in a similar manner. Second, it is proposed that in many species with an amniotic cavity, the amnion determines the site of serosa rupture, which, through interactions between the serosa and the amnion, enables the embryo to break free from the amniotic cavity and to close its backside. Finally, it is concluded that the yolk sac is likely an important player in insect morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs Schmidt-Ott
- University of Chicago, Dept. of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, Cummings Life Science Center, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Chun Wai Kwan
- University of Chicago, Dept. of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, Cummings Life Science Center, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Chipman AD. An embryological perspective on the early arthropod fossil record. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:285. [PMID: 26678148 PMCID: PMC4683962 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0566-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our understanding of the early evolution of the arthropod body plan has recently improved significantly through advances in phylogeny and developmental biology and through new interpretations of the fossil record. However, there has been limited effort to synthesize data from these different sources. Bringing an embryological perspective into the fossil record is a useful way to integrate knowledge from different disciplines into a single coherent view of arthropod evolution. RESULTS I have used current knowledge on the development of extant arthropods, together with published descriptions of fossils, to reconstruct the germband stages of a series of key taxa leading from the arthropod lower stem group to crown group taxa. These reconstruction highlight the main evolutionary transitions that have occurred during early arthropod evolution, provide new insights into the types of mechanisms that could have been active and suggest new questions and research directions. CONCLUSIONS The reconstructions suggest several novel homology hypotheses - e.g. the lower stem group head shield and head capsules in the crown group are all hypothesized to derive from the embryonic head lobes. The homology of anterior segments in different groups is resolved consistently. The transition between "lower-stem" and "upper-stem" arthropods is highlighted as a major transition with a concentration of novelties and innovations, suggesting a gap in the fossil record. A close relationship between chelicerates and megacheirans is supported by the embryonic reconstructions, and I suggest that the depth of the mandibulate-chelicerate split should be reexamined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel D Chipman
- The Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram 91904, Jerusalem, Israel. .,The Department of Paleobiology, The Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA.
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Martín-Durán JM, Hejnol A. The study of Priapulus caudatus reveals conserved molecular patterning underlying different gut morphogenesis in the Ecdysozoa. BMC Biol 2015; 13:29. [PMID: 25895830 PMCID: PMC4434581 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-015-0139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The digestive systems of animals can become highly specialized in response to their exploration and occupation of new ecological niches. Although studies on different animals have revealed commonalities in gut formation, the model systems Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, which belong to the invertebrate group Ecdysozoa, exhibit remarkable deviations in how their intestines develop. Their morphological and developmental idiosyncrasies have hindered reconstructions of ancestral gut characters for the Ecdysozoa, and limit comparisons with vertebrate models. In this respect, the phylogenetic position, and slow evolving morphological and molecular characters of marine priapulid worms advance them as a key group to decipher evolutionary events that occurred in the lineages leading to C. elegans and D. melanogaster. Results In the priapulid Priapulus caudatus, the gut consists of an ectodermal foregut and anus, and a mid region of at least partial endodermal origin. The inner gut develops into a 16-cell primordium devoid of visceral musculature, arranged in three mid tetrads and two posterior duplets. The mouth invaginates ventrally and shifts to a terminal anterior position as the ventral anterior ectoderm differentially proliferates. Contraction of the musculature occurs as the head region retracts into the trunk and resolves the definitive larval body plan. Despite obvious developmental differences with C. elegans and D. melanogaster, the expression in P. caudatus of the gut-related candidate genes NK2.1, foxQ2, FGF8/17/18, GATA456, HNF4, wnt1, and evx demonstrate three distinct evolutionarily conserved molecular profiles that correlate with morphologically identified sub-regions of the gut. Conclusions The comparative analysis of priapulid development suggests that a midgut formed by a single endodermal population of vegetal cells, a ventral mouth, and the blastoporal origin of the anus are ancestral features in the Ecdysozoa. Our molecular data on P. caudatus reveal a conserved ecdysozoan gut-patterning program and demonstrates that extreme morphological divergence has not been accompanied by major molecular innovations in transcriptional regulators during digestive system evolution in the Ecdysozoa. Our data help us understand the origins of the ecdysozoan body plan, including those of C. elegans and D. melanogaster, and this is critical for comparisons between these two prominent model systems and their vertebrate counterparts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-015-0139-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Martín-Durán
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 55, 5008, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Andreas Hejnol
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 55, 5008, Bergen, Norway.
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Toll signals regulate dorsal-ventral patterning and anterior-posterior placement of the embryo in the hemipteran Rhodnius prolixus. EvoDevo 2014; 5:38. [PMID: 25908955 PMCID: PMC4407881 DOI: 10.1186/2041-9139-5-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insect embryonic dorso-ventral patterning depends greatly on two pathways: the Toll pathway and the Bone Morphogenetic Protein pathway. While the relative contribution of each pathway has been investigated in holometabolous insects, their role has not been explored in insects with a hemimetabolous type of development. The hemimetabolous insect Rhodnius prolixus, an important vector of Chagas disease in the Americas, develops from an intermediate germ band and displays complex movements during katatrepsis that are not observed in other orders. However, little is known about the molecular events that regulate its embryogenesis. Here we investigate the expression and function of genes potentially involved in the initial patterning events that establish the embryonic dorso-ventral axis in this hemipteran. RESULTS We establish a staging system for early embryogenesis that allows us to correlate embryo morphology with gene expression profiles. Using this system, we investigate the role of Toll pathway genes during embryogenesis. Detailed analyses of gene expression throughout development, coupled with functional analyses using parental RNA interference, revealed that maternal Toll is required to establish germ layers along the dorso-ventral axis and for embryo placement along the anterior-posterior axis. Interestingly, knockdown of the Toll pathway effector Rp-dorsal appears to regulate the expression of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein antagonist Rp-short-gastrulation. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that Toll signals are the initiating event in dorso-ventral patterning during Rhodnius embryogenesis, and this is the first report of a conserved role for Toll in a hemipteran. Furthermore, as Rp-dorsal RNA interference generates anteriorly misplaced embryos, our results indicate a novel role for Toll signals in establishment of the anterior-posterior axis in Rhodnius.
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Duncan EJ, Johnson TK, Whisstock JC, Warr CG, Dearden PK. Capturing embryonic development from metamorphosis: how did the terminal patterning signalling pathway of Drosophila evolve? CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2014; 1:45-51. [PMID: 32846729 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Torso receptor tyrosine kinase has two crucial roles in Drosophila melanogaster development. One is in the control of insect moulting, which is regulated by the neuropeptide hormone PTTH (prothoracicotropic hormone). PTTH activates ERK signalling via Torso in the prothoracic gland to stimulate ecdysone secretion. Torso also has a role in control of one of the earliest events in embryogenesis in Drosophila; patterning of the embryonic termini. Here Torso is activated by a different, but related, peptide called Trunk. During terminal patterning another protein, Torso-like, has a key role in mediating activation of Torso by Trunk. Torso-like is also expressed in the prothoracic gland and null-mutants have defective developmental timing in Drosophila. This function, however, has been recently shown to be independent of Torso and PTTH. We refer to these proteins, Trunk, PTTH, Torso and Torso-like, as the Torso-activation module. Outside Drosophila we see that the genes encoding the Torso-activation module have a complex phylogenetic history, with different origins and multiple losses of components of this signalling pathway during arthropod evolution. This, together with expression and functional data in a range of insects, leads us to propose that the terminal patterning pathway in Drosophila and Tribolium arose through co-option of PTTH/Trunk and Torso, which has a role in developmental timing, into a new context, and that Torso-like was recruited specifically in the ovary to modulate the specificity of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Duncan
- Genetics Otago, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, Aotearoa, New Zealand; Gravida; The National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| | - Travis K Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - James C Whisstock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Coral G Warr
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Peter K Dearden
- Genetics Otago, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, Aotearoa, New Zealand; Gravida; The National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, Aotearoa, New Zealand.
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