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Knyazeva A, Dyachuk V. Neural crest and sons: role of neural crest cells and Schwann cell precursors in development and gland embryogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1406199. [PMID: 38989061 PMCID: PMC11233730 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1406199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, we consider the multipotency of neural crest cells (NCCs), Schwann cell precursors (SCPs), and their role in embryogenesis base on genetic tracing and knock out model animals and single cell transcriptomic analysis. In particular, we summarize and analyze data on the contribution of NCCs and SCPs to the gland development and functions.
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Soukup J, Manethova M, Stejskal V, Novakova M, Duskova J, Hornychova H, Hacova M, Staniczkova-Zambo I, Zelinka T, Kosak M, Cesak T, Netuka D, Ryska A, Gabalec F. Hand2 Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis of Paragangliomas and Other Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Endocr Pathol 2024; 35:14-24. [PMID: 38416360 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-024-09803-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Hand2 is a core transcription factor responsible for chromaffin cell differentiation. However, its potential utility in surgical pathology has not been studied. Thus, we aimed to investigate its expression in paragangliomas, other neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), and additional non-neuroendocrine tumors. We calibrated Hand2 immunohistochemistry on adrenal medulla cells and analyzed H-scores in 46 paragangliomas (PGs), 9 metastatic PGs, 21 cauda equina neuroendocrine tumors (CENETs), 48 neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), 8 olfactory neuroblastomas (ONBs), 110 well-differentiated NETs (WDNETs), 10 adrenal cortical carcinomas, 29 adrenal cortical adenomas, 8 melanomas, 41 different carcinomas, and 10 gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Both tissue microarrays (TMAs) and whole sections (WSs) were studied. In 171 NENs, previously published data on Phox2B and GATA3 were correlated with Hand2. Hand2 was positive in 98.1% (54/55) PGs, but only rarely in WDNETs (9.6%, 10/104), CENETs (9.5%, 2/21), NECs (4.2%, 2/48), or ONBs (12.5%, 1/8). Any Hand2 positivity was 98.1% sensitive and 91.7% specific for the diagnosis of PG. The Hand2 H-score was significantly higher in primary PGs compared to Hand2-positive WDNETs (median 166.3 vs. 7.5; p < 0.0001). Metastatic PGs were positive in 88.9% (8/9). No Hand2 positivity was observed in any adrenal cortical neoplasm or other non-neuroendocrine tumors, with exception of 8/10 GISTs. Parasympathetic PGs showed a higher Hand2 H-score compared to sympathetic PGs (median H-scores 280 vs. 104, p < 0.0001). Hand2 positivity in NENs serves as a reliable marker of primary and metastatic PG, since other NENs only rarely exhibit limited Hand2 positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Soukup
- Department of Pathology, Military University Hospital Prague, U Vojenske Nemocnice 1200, Praha 6, 169 02, Prague, Czech Republic.
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 582, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Department of Pathology, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Studnickova, 2039, 128 00, Nové Mesto, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Monika Manethova
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 582, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Stejskal
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 582, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Novakova
- Department of Pathology, Military University Hospital Prague, U Vojenske Nemocnice 1200, Praha 6, 169 02, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Duskova
- Department of Pathology, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Studnickova, 2039, 128 00, Nové Mesto, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Hornychova
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 582, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Hacova
- Department of Pathology, The Regional Hospital Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Staniczkova-Zambo
- 1st Department of Pathology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University, Pekarská 664/53, 602 00, Brno-stred, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Zelinka
- Centre for Hypertension, 3rd Department of Medicine, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mikulas Kosak
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Cesak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 582, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - David Netuka
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Military University Hospital Prague, U Vojenske Nemocnice 1200, Praha 6, 169 02, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Ryska
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 582, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Gabalec
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 582, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Bechmann N, Westermann F, Eisenhofer G. HIF and MYC signaling in adrenal neoplasms of the neural crest: implications for pediatrics. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1022192. [PMID: 37361539 PMCID: PMC10286580 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1022192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric neural crest-derived adrenal neoplasms include neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma. Both entities are associated with a high degree of clinical heterogeneity, varying from spontaneous regression to malignant disease with poor outcome. Increased expression and stabilization of HIF2α appears to contribute to a more aggressive and undifferentiated phenotype in both adrenal neoplasms, whereas MYCN amplification is a valuable prognostic marker in neuroblastoma. The present review focuses on HIF- and MYC signaling in both neoplasms and discusses the interaction of associated pathways during neural crest and adrenal development as well as potential consequences on tumorigenesis. Emerging single-cell methods together with epigenetic and transcriptomic analyses provide further insights into the importance of a tight regulation of HIF and MYC signaling pathways during adrenal development and tumorigenesis. In this context, increased attention to HIF-MYC/MAX interactions may also provide new therapeutic options for these pediatric adrenal neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Bechmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Westermann
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Graeme Eisenhofer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Fabbri R, Spennato D, Conte G, Konstantoulaki A, Lazzarini C, Saracino E, Nicchia GP, Frigeri A, Zamboni R, Spray DC, Benfenati V. The emerging science of Glioception: Contribution of glia in sensing, transduction, circuit integration of interoception. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 245:108403. [PMID: 37024060 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Interoception is the process by which the nervous system regulates internal functions to achieve homeostasis. The role of neurons in interoception has received considerable recent attention, but glial cells also contribute. Glial cells can sense and transduce signals including osmotic, chemical, and mechanical status of extracellular milieu. Their ability to dynamically communicate "listening" and "talking" to neurons is necessary to monitor and regulate homeostasis and information integration in the nervous system. This review introduces the concept of "Glioception" and focuses on the process by which glial cells sense, interpret and integrate information about the inner state of the organism. Glial cells are ideally positioned to act as sensors and integrators of diverse interoceptive signals and can trigger regulatory responses via modulation of the activity of neuronal networks, both in physiological and pathological conditions. We believe that understanding and manipulating glioceptive processes and underlying molecular mechanisms provide a key path to develop new therapies for the prevention and alleviation of devastating interoceptive dysfunctions, among which pain is emphasized here with more focused details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Fabbri
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy; Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Diletta Spennato
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Centre of Excellence in Comparative Genomics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Giorgia Conte
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Aikaterini Konstantoulaki
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Chiara Lazzarini
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuela Saracino
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Grazia Paola Nicchia
- School of Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, BA, Italy; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Centre of Excellence in Comparative Genomics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Antonio Frigeri
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Centre of Excellence in Comparative Genomics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Roberto Zamboni
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - David C Spray
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Valentina Benfenati
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.
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Lazarov NE, Atanasova DY. Stem Cell Niche in the Mammalian Carotid Body. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2023; 237:139-153. [PMID: 37946081 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44757-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the mammalian carotid body (CB) constitutes a neurogenic center that contains a functionally active germinal niche. A variety of transcription factors is required for the generation of a precursor cell pool in the developing CB. Most of them are later silenced in their progeny, thus allowing for the maturation of the differentiated neurons. In the adult CB, neurotransmitters and vascular cytokines released by glomus cells upon exposure to chronic hypoxia act as paracrine signals that induce proliferation and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, neuronal and vascular progenitors. Key proliferation markers such as Ki-67 and BrdU are widely used to evaluate the proliferative status of the CB parenchymal cells in the initial phase of this neurogenesis. During hypoxia sustentacular cells which are dormant cells in normoxic conditions can proliferate and differentiate into new glomus cells. However, more recent data have revealed that the majority of the newly formed glomus cells is derived from the glomus cell lineage itself. The mature glomus cells express numerous trophic and growth factors, and their corresponding receptors, which act on CB cell populations in autocrine or paracrine ways. Some of them initially serve as target-derived survival factors and then as signaling molecules in developing vascular targets. Morphofunctional insights into the cellular interactions in the CB stem cell microenvironment can be helpful in further understanding the therapeutic potential of the CB cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai E Lazarov
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Kastriti ME, Faure L, Von Ahsen D, Bouderlique TG, Boström J, Solovieva T, Jackson C, Bronner M, Meijer D, Hadjab S, Lallemend F, Erickson A, Kaucka M, Dyachuk V, Perlmann T, Lahti L, Krivanek J, Brunet J, Fried K, Adameyko I. Schwann cell precursors represent a neural crest-like state with biased multipotency. EMBO J 2022; 41:e108780. [PMID: 35815410 PMCID: PMC9434083 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cell precursors (SCPs) are nerve-associated progenitors that can generate myelinating and non-myelinating Schwann cells but also are multipotent like the neural crest cells from which they originate. SCPs are omnipresent along outgrowing peripheral nerves throughout the body of vertebrate embryos. By using single-cell transcriptomics to generate a gene expression atlas of the entire neural crest lineage, we show that early SCPs and late migratory crest cells have similar transcriptional profiles characterised by a multipotent "hub" state containing cells biased towards traditional neural crest fates. SCPs keep diverging from the neural crest after being primed towards terminal Schwann cells and other fates, with different subtypes residing in distinct anatomical locations. Functional experiments using CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function further show that knockout of the common "hub" gene Sox8 causes defects in neural crest-derived cells along peripheral nerves by facilitating differentiation of SCPs towards sympathoadrenal fates. Finally, specific tumour populations found in melanoma, neurofibroma and neuroblastoma map to different stages of SCP/Schwann cell development. Overall, SCPs resemble migrating neural crest cells that maintain multipotency and become transcriptionally primed towards distinct lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eleni Kastriti
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Brain ResearchMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain ResearchMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Louis Faure
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain ResearchMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Dorothea Von Ahsen
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain ResearchMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Johan Boström
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain ResearchMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Tatiana Solovieva
- Division of Biology and Biological EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Cameron Jackson
- Division of Biology and Biological EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Marianne Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Dies Meijer
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Saida Hadjab
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | | | - Alek Erickson
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Marketa Kaucka
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary BiologyPlönGermany
| | | | - Thomas Perlmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Laura Lahti
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Jan Krivanek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of MedicineMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Jean‐Francois Brunet
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), INSERM, CNRS, École Normale SupérieurePSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Kaj Fried
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain ResearchMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
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7
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Kameneva P, Melnikova VI, Kastriti ME, Kurtova A, Kryukov E, Murtazina A, Faure L, Poverennaya I, Artemov AV, Kalinina TS, Kudryashov NV, Bader M, Skoda J, Chlapek P, Curylova L, Sourada L, Neradil J, Tesarova M, Pasqualetti M, Gaspar P, Yakushov VD, Sheftel BI, Zikmund T, Kaiser J, Fried K, Alenina N, Voronezhskaya EE, Adameyko I. Serotonin limits generation of chromaffin cells during adrenal organ development. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2901. [PMID: 35614045 PMCID: PMC9133002 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30438-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenal glands are the major organs releasing catecholamines and regulating our stress response. The mechanisms balancing generation of adrenergic chromaffin cells and protecting against neuroblastoma tumors are still enigmatic. Here we revealed that serotonin (5HT) controls the numbers of chromaffin cells by acting upon their immediate progenitor "bridge" cells via 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A (HTR3A), and the aggressive HTR3Ahigh human neuroblastoma cell lines reduce proliferation in response to HTR3A-specific agonists. In embryos (in vivo), the physiological increase of 5HT caused a prolongation of the cell cycle in "bridge" progenitors leading to a smaller chromaffin population and changing the balance of hormones and behavioral patterns in adulthood. These behavioral effects and smaller adrenals were mirrored in the progeny of pregnant female mice subjected to experimental stress, suggesting a maternal-fetal link that controls developmental adaptations. Finally, these results corresponded to a size-distribution of adrenals found in wild rodents with different coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Kameneva
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victoria I Melnikova
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Eleni Kastriti
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anastasia Kurtova
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Emil Kryukov
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aliia Murtazina
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Louis Faure
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irina Poverennaya
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Artem V Artemov
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana S Kalinina
- Federal state budgetary institution "Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology" (FSBI "Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology"), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita V Kudryashov
- Federal state budgetary institution "Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology" (FSBI "Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology"), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 13125, Berlin-Buch, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Skoda
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Chlapek
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Curylova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Sourada
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Neradil
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Tesarova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Massimo Pasqualetti
- Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy
| | | | - Vasily D Yakushov
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris I Sheftel
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tomas Zikmund
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Kaiser
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kaj Fried
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 13125, Berlin-Buch, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena E Voronezhskaya
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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8
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Sinegubov A, Andreeva D, Burzak N, Vasyutina M, Murashova L, Dyachuk V. Heterogeneity and Potency of Peripheral Glial Cells in Embryonic Development and Adults. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:737949. [PMID: 35401107 PMCID: PMC8990813 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.737949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes the heterogeneity of peripheral glial cell populations, from the emergence of Schwann cells (SCs) in early development, to their involvement, and that of their derivatives in adult glial populations. We focus on the origin of the first glial precursors from neural crest cells (NCCs), and their ability to differentiate into several cell types during development. We also discuss the heterogeneity of embryonic glia in light of the latest data from genetic tracing and transcriptome analysis. Special attention has been paid to the biology of glial populations in adult animals, by highlighting common features of different glial cell types and molecular differences that modulate their functions. Finally, we consider the communication of glial cells with axons of neurons in normal and pathological conditions. In conclusion, the present review details how information available on glial cell types and their functions in normal and pathological conditions may be utilized in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of patients with neurodiseases.
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Erickson AG, Kameneva P, Adameyko I. The transcriptional portraits of the neural crest at the individual cell level. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 138:68-80. [PMID: 35260294 PMCID: PMC9441473 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of this cell population by His in 1850, the neural crest has been under intense study for its important role during vertebrate development. Much has been learned about the function and regulation of neural crest cell differentiation, and as a result, the neural crest has become a key model system for stem cell biology in general. The experiments performed in embryology, genetics, and cell biology in the last 150 years in the neural crest field has given rise to several big questions that have been debated intensely for many years: "How does positional information impact developmental potential? Are neural crest cells individually multipotent or a mixed population of committed progenitors? What are the key factors that regulate the acquisition of stem cell identity, and how does a stem cell decide to differentiate towards one cell fate versus another?" Recently, a marriage between single cell multi-omics, statistical modeling, and developmental biology has shed a substantial amount of light on these questions, and has paved a clear path for future researchers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alek G Erickson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Polina Kameneva
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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10
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Mete O, Asa SL, Gill AJ, Kimura N, de Krijger RR, Tischler A. Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Paragangliomas and Pheochromocytomas. Endocr Pathol 2022; 33:90-114. [PMID: 35285002 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-022-09704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the classification of tumors of the adrenal medulla and extra-adrenal paraganglia as outlined in the 5th series of the WHO Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors. The non-epithelial neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) known as paragangliomas produce predominantly catecholamines and secrete them into the bloodstream like hormones, and they represent a group of NENs that have exceptionally high genetic predisposition. This classification discusses the embryologic derivation of the cells that give rise to these lesions and the historical evolution of the terminology used to classify their tumors; paragangliomas can be sympathetic or parasympathetic and the term pheochromocytoma is used specifically for intra-adrenal paragangliomas that represent the classical sympathetic form. In addition to the general neuroendocrine cell biomarkers INSM1, synaptophysin, and chromogranins, these tumors are typically negative for keratins and instead have highly specific biomarkers, including the GATA3 transcription factor and enzymes involved in catecholamine biosynthesis: tyrosine hydroxylase that converts L-tyrosine to L-DOPA as the rate-limiting step in catecholamine biosynthesis, dopamine beta-hydroxylase that is present in cells expressing norepinephrine, and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, which converts norepinephrine to epinephrine and therefore can be used to distinguish tumors that make epinephrine. In addition to these important tools that can be used to confirm the diagnosis of a paraganglioma, new tools are recommended to determine genetic predisposition syndromes; in addition to the identification of precursor lesions, molecular immunohistochemistry can serve to identify associations with SDHx, VHL, FH, MAX, and MEN1 mutations, as well as pseudohypoxia-related pathogenesis. Paragangliomas have a well-formed network of sustentacular cells that express SOX10 and S100, but this is not a distinctive feature, as other epithelial NENs also have sustentacular cells. Indeed, it is the presence of such cells and the association with ganglion cells that led to a misinterpretation of several unusual lesions as paragangliomas; in the 2022 WHO classification, the tumor formerly known as cauda equina paraganglioma is now classified as cauda equina neuroendocrine tumor and the lesion known as gangliocytic paraganglioma has been renamed composite gangliocytoma/neuroma and neuroendocrine tumor (CoGNET). Since the 4th edition of the WHO, paragangliomas have no longer been classified as benign and malignant, as any lesion can have metastatic potential and there are no clear-cut features that can predict metastatic behavior. Moreover, some tumors are lethal without metastatic spread, by nature of local invasion involving critical structures. Nevertheless, there are features that can be used to identify more aggressive lesions; the WHO does not endorse the various scoring systems that are reviewed but also does not discourage their use. The identification of metastases is also complex, particularly in patients with germline predisposition syndromes, since multiple lesions may represent multifocal primary tumors rather than metastatic spread; the identification of paragangliomas in unusual locations such as lung or liver is not diagnostic of metastasis, since these may be primary sites. The value of sustentacular cells and Ki67 labeling as prognostic features is also discussed in this new classification. A staging system for pheochromocytoma and extra-adrenal sympathetic PGLs, introduced in the 8th Edition AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, is now included. This paper also provides a summary of the criteria for the diagnosis of a composite paragangliomas and summarizes the classification of neuroblastic tumors. This review adopts a practical question-answer framework to provide members of the multidisciplinary endocrine oncology team with a most up-to-date approach to tumors of the adrenal medulla and extra-adrenal paraganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Mete
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Endocrine Oncology Site, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Sylvia L Asa
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anthony J Gill
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, NSW Health Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Noriko Kimura
- Department of Clinical Research, Division of Diagnostic Pathology, National Hospital Organization Hakodate Hospital, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Ronald R de Krijger
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur Tischler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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11
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Abstract
Breathing (or respiration) is a complex motor behavior that originates in the brainstem. In minimalistic terms, breathing can be divided into two phases: inspiration (uptake of oxygen, O2) and expiration (release of carbon dioxide, CO2). The neurons that discharge in synchrony with these phases are arranged in three major groups along the brainstem: (i) pontine, (ii) dorsal medullary, and (iii) ventral medullary. These groups are formed by diverse neuron types that coalesce into heterogeneous nuclei or complexes, among which the preBötzinger complex in the ventral medullary group contains cells that generate the respiratory rhythm (Chapter 1). The respiratory rhythm is not rigid, but instead highly adaptable to the physic demands of the organism. In order to generate the appropriate respiratory rhythm, the preBötzinger complex receives direct and indirect chemosensory information from other brainstem respiratory nuclei (Chapter 2) and peripheral organs (Chapter 3). Even though breathing is a hard-wired unconscious behavior, it can be temporarily altered at will by other higher-order brain structures (Chapter 6), and by emotional states (Chapter 7). In this chapter, we focus on the development of brainstem respiratory groups and highlight the cell lineages that contribute to central and peripheral chemoreflexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eser Göksu Isik
- Brainstem Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luis R Hernandez-Miranda
- Brainstem Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Kameda Y. Comparative morphological and molecular studies on the oxygen-chemoreceptive cells in the carotid body and fish gills. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 384:255-273. [PMID: 33852077 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03421-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen-chemoreceptive cells play critical roles for the respiration control. This review summarizes the chemoreceptive cells in the carotid body and fish gills from a morphological and molecular perspective. The cells synthesize and secrete biogenic amines, neuropeptides, and neuroproteins and also express many signaling molecules and transcription factors. In mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians, the carotid body primordium is consistently formed in the wall of the third arch artery which gives rise to the common carotid artery and the basal portion of the internal carotid artery. Consequently, the carotid body is located in the carotid bifurcation region, except birds in which the organ is situated at the lateral side of the common carotid artery. The carotid body receives branches of the cranial nerves IX and/or X dependent on the location of the organ. The glomus cell progenitors in mammals and birds are derived from the neighboring ganglion, i.e., the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion and the nodose ganglion, respectively, and immigrate into the carotid body primordium, constituting a solid cell cluster. In other animal species, the glomus cells are dispersed singly or forming small cell groups in intervascular stroma of the carotid body. In fishes, the neuroepithelial cells, corresponding to the glomus cells, are distributed in the gill filaments and lamellae. All oxygen-chemoreceptive cells sensitively respond to acute or chronic hypoxia, exhibiting degranulation, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and upregulated expression of many genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Kameda
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
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13
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Papathomas TG, Suurd DPD, Pacak K, Tischler AS, Vriens MR, Lam AK, de Krijger RR. What Have We Learned from Molecular Biology of Paragangliomas and Pheochromocytomas? Endocr Pathol 2021; 32:134-153. [PMID: 33433885 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-020-09658-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in molecular genetics and genomics have led to increased understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs). Thus, pan-genomic studies now provide a comprehensive integrated genomic analysis of PPGLs into distinct molecularly defined subtypes concordant with tumour genotypes. In addition, new embryological discoveries have refined the concept of how normal paraganglia develop, potentially establishing a developmental basis for genotype-phenotype correlations for PPGLs. The challenge for modern pathology is to translate these scientific discoveries into routine practice, which will be based largely on histopathology for the foreseeable future. Here, we review recent progress concerning the cell of origin and molecular pathogenesis of PPGLs, including pathogenetic mechanisms, genetic susceptibility and molecular classification. The current roles and tools of pathologists are considered from a histopathological perspective, including differential diagnoses, genotype-phenotype correlations and the use of immunohistochemistry in identifying hereditary predisposition and validating genetic variants of unknown significance. Current and potential molecular prognosticators are also presented with the hope that predictive molecular biomarkers will be integrated into risk stratification scoring systems to assess the metastatic potential of these intriguing neoplasms and identify potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Papathomas
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Gloucestershire Cellular Pathology Laboratory, Cheltenham General Hospital, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, UK
| | - Diederik P D Suurd
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karel Pacak
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arthur S Tischler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Menno R Vriens
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred K Lam
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
- Pathology Queensland, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Ronald R de Krijger
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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14
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Kameneva P, Kastriti ME, Adameyko I. Neuronal lineages derived from the nerve-associated Schwann cell precursors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:513-529. [PMID: 32748156 PMCID: PMC7873084 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03609-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
For a long time, neurogenic placodes and migratory neural crest cells were considered the immediate sources building neurons of peripheral nervous system. Recently, a number of discoveries revealed the existence of another progenitor type-a nerve-associated multipotent Schwann cell precursors (SCPs) building enteric and parasympathetic neurons as well as neuroendocrine chromaffin cells. SCPs are neural crest-derived and are similar to the crest cells by their markers and differentiation potential. Such similarities, but also considerable differences, raise many questions pertaining to the medical side, fundamental developmental biology and evolution. Here, we discuss the genesis of Schwann cell precursors, their role in building peripheral neural structures and ponder on their role in the origin in congenial diseases associated with peripheral nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Kameneva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Maria Eleni Kastriti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
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15
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Kastriti ME, Kameneva P, Adameyko I. Stem cells, evolutionary aspects and pathology of the adrenal medulla: A new developmental paradigm. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110998. [PMID: 32818585 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian adrenal gland is composed of two main components; the catecholaminergic neural crest-derived medulla, found in the center of the gland, and the mesoderm-derived cortex producing steroidogenic hormones. The medulla is composed of neuroendocrine chromaffin cells with oxygen-sensing properties and is dependent on tissue interactions with the overlying cortex, both during development and in adulthood. Other relevant organs include the Zuckerkandl organ containing extra-adrenal chromaffin cells, and carotid oxygen-sensing bodies containing glomus cells. Chromaffin and glomus cells reveal a number of important similarities and are derived from the multipotent nerve-associated descendants of the neural crest, or Schwann cell precursors. Abnormalities in complex developmental processes during differentiation of nerve-associated and other progenitors into chromaffin and oxygen-sensing populations may result in different subtypes of paraganglioma, neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma. Here, we summarize recent findings explaining the development of chromaffin and oxygen-sensing cells, as well as the potential mechanisms driving neuroendocrine tumor initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eleni Kastriti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Polina Kameneva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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16
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Al Khazal F, Kang S, Nelson Holte M, Choi DS, Singh R, Ortega-Sáenz P, López-Barneo J, Maher LJ. Unexpected obesity, rather than tumorigenesis, in a conditional mouse model of mitochondrial complex II deficiency. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21227. [PMID: 33247500 PMCID: PMC7861419 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002100r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in any of the genes encoding the four subunits of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), a mitochondrial membrane‐bound enzyme complex that is involved in both the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the electron transport chain, can lead to a variety of disorders. Recognized conditions with such mutations include Leigh syndrome and hereditary tumors such as pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL), renal cell carcinoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Tumors appear in SDH mutation carriers with dominant inheritance due to loss of heterozygosity in susceptible cells. Here, we describe a mouse model intended to reproduce hereditary PPGL through Cre‐mediated loss of SDHC in cells that express tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a compartment where PPGL is known to originate. We report that while there is modest expansion of TH+ glomus cells in the carotid body upon SDHC loss, PPGL is not observed in such mice, even in the presence of a conditional dominant negative p53 protein and chronic hypoxia. Instead, we report an unexpected phenotype of nondiabetic obesity beginning at about 20 weeks of age. We hypothesize that this obesity is caused by TH+ cell loss or altered phenotype in key compartments of the central nervous system responsible for regulating feeding behavior, coupled with metabolic changes due to loss of peripheral catecholamine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Al Khazal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Seungwoo Kang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Molly Nelson Holte
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ravinder Singh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Patricia Ortega-Sáenz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José López-Barneo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - L James Maher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
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17
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Abstract
Investigations of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate the development of the autonomic nervous system have identified critical genes and signaling pathways that, when disrupted, cause disorders of the autonomic nervous system. This review summarizes our current understanding of how the autonomic nervous system emerges from the organized spatial and temporal patterning of precursor cell migration, proliferation, communication, and differentiation, and discusses potential clinical implications for developmental disorders of the autonomic nervous system, including familial dysautonomia, Hirschsprung disease, Rett syndrome, and congenital central hypoventilation syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Lefcort
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
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18
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Kameda Y. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of the organogenesis and development of the mammalian carotid body. Dev Dyn 2019; 249:592-609. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Kameda
- Department of AnatomyKitasato University School of Medicine Sagamihara Japan
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19
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Sobrino V, Annese V, Navarro-Guerrero E, Platero-Luengo A, Pardal R. The carotid body: a physiologically relevant germinal niche in the adult peripheral nervous system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1027-1039. [PMID: 30498994 PMCID: PMC11105339 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen constitutes a vital element for the survival of every single cell in multicellular aerobic organisms like mammals. A complex homeostatic oxygen-sensing system has evolved in these organisms, including detectors and effectors, to guarantee a proper supply of the element to every cell. The carotid body represents the most important peripheral arterial chemoreceptor organ in mammals and informs about hypoxemic situations to the effectors at the brainstem cardiorespiratory centers. To optimize organismal adaptation to maintained hypoxemic situations, the carotid body has evolved containing a niche of adult tissue-specific stem cells with the capacity to differentiate into both neuronal and vascular cell types in response to hypoxia. These neurogenic and angiogenic processes are finely regulated by the niche and by hypoxia itself. Our recent data on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the functioning of this niche might help to comprehend a variety of different diseases coursing with carotid body failure, and might also improve our capacity to use these stem cells for the treatment of neurological disease. Herein, we review those data about the recent characterization of the carotid body niche, focusing on the study of the phenotype and behavior of multipotent stem cells within the organ, comparing them with other well-documented neural stem cells within the adult nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Sobrino
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Laboratory 103, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Dpto. de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Avda, Manuel Siurot, s/n., 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Valentina Annese
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Laboratory 103, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Dpto. de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Avda, Manuel Siurot, s/n., 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Elena Navarro-Guerrero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Laboratory 103, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Dpto. de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Avda, Manuel Siurot, s/n., 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Aida Platero-Luengo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Laboratory 103, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Dpto. de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Avda, Manuel Siurot, s/n., 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ricardo Pardal
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Laboratory 103, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Dpto. de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Avda, Manuel Siurot, s/n., 41013, Sevilla, Spain.
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20
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Lotti LV, Vespa S, Pantalone MR, Perconti S, Esposito DL, Visone R, Veronese A, Paties CT, Sanna M, Verginelli F, Nauclér CS, Mariani-Costantini R. A Developmental Perspective on Paragangliar Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030273. [PMID: 30813557 PMCID: PMC6468609 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we propose that paraganglioma is a fundamentally organized, albeit aberrant, tissue composed of neoplastic vascular and neural cell types that share a common origin from a multipotent mesenchymal-like stem/progenitor cell. This view is consistent with the pseudohypoxic footprint implicated in the molecular pathogenesis of the disease, is in harmony with the neural crest origin of the paraganglia, and is strongly supported by the physiological model of carotid body hyperplasia. Our immunomorphological and molecular studies of head and neck paragangliomas demonstrate in all cases relationships between the vascular and the neural tumor compartments, that share mesenchymal and immature vasculo-neural markers, conserved in derived cell cultures. This immature, multipotent phenotype is supported by constitutive amplification of NOTCH signaling genes and by loss of the microRNA-200s and -34s, which control NOTCH1, ZEB1, and PDGFRA in head and neck paraganglioma cells. Importantly, the neuroepithelial component is distinguished by extreme mitochondrial alterations, associated with collapse of the ΔΨm. Finally, our xenograft models of head and neck paraganglioma demonstrate that mesenchymal-like cells first give rise to a vasculo-angiogenic network, and then self-organize into neuroepithelial-like clusters, a process inhibited by treatment with imatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Vittoria Lotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Simone Vespa
- Center of Sciences on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Mattia Russel Pantalone
- Department of Medicine (Solna), Division of Microbial Pathogenesis, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Silvia Perconti
- Center of Sciences on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Diana Liberata Esposito
- Center of Sciences on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Rosa Visone
- Center of Sciences on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Angelo Veronese
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Carlo Terenzio Paties
- Department of Oncology-Hematology, Service of Anatomic Pathology, "Guglielmo da Saliceto" Hospital, Via Taverna 49, 29100 Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Mario Sanna
- Skull Base Unit, "Gruppo Otologico" Piacenza-Roma, Via Antonio Emmanueli, 42, 29121 Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Fabio Verginelli
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Soderberg Nauclér
- Department of Medicine (Solna), Division of Microbial Pathogenesis, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Renato Mariani-Costantini
- Center of Sciences on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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21
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Kastriti ME, Kameneva P, Kamenev D, Dyachuk V, Furlan A, Hampl M, Memic F, Marklund U, Lallemend F, Hadjab S, Calvo-Enrique L, Ernfors P, Fried K, Adameyko I. Schwann Cell Precursors Generate the Majority of Chromaffin Cells in Zuckerkandl Organ and Some Sympathetic Neurons in Paraganglia. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:6. [PMID: 30740044 PMCID: PMC6355685 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, neurosecretory chromaffin cells control a number of important bodily functions, including those related to stress response. Chromaffin cells appear as a distinct cell type at the beginning of midgestation and are the main cellular source of adrenalin and noradrenalin released into the blood stream. In mammals, two different chromaffin organs emerge at a close distance to each other, the adrenal gland and Zuckerkandl organ (ZO). These two structures are found in close proximity to the kidneys and dorsal aorta, in a region where paraganglioma, pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma originate in the majority of clinical cases. Recent studies showed that the chromaffin cells comprising the adrenal medulla are largely derived from nerve-associated multipotent Schwann cell precursors (SCPs) arriving at the adrenal anlage with the preganglionic nerve fibers, whereas the migratory neural crest cells provide only minor contribution. However, the embryonic origin of the ZO, which differs from the adrenal medulla in a number of aspects, has not been studied in detail. The ZO is composed of chromaffin cells in direct contact with the dorsal aorta and the intraperitoneal cavity and disappears through an autophagy-mediated mechanism after birth. In contrast, the adrenal medulla remains throughout the entire life and furthermore, is covered by the adrenal cortex. Using a combination of lineage tracing strategies with nerve- and cell type-specific ablations, we reveal that the ZO is largely SCP-derived and forms in synchrony with progressively increasing innervation. Moreover, the ZO develops hand-in-hand with the adjacent sympathetic ganglia that coalesce around the dorsal aorta. Finally, we were able to provide evidence for a SCP-contribution to a small but significant proportion of sympathetic neurons of the posterior paraganglia. Thus, this cellular source complements the neural crest, which acts as a main source of sympathetic neurons. Our discovery of a nerve-dependent origin of chromaffin cells and some sympathoblasts may help to understand the origin of pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma and neuroblastoma, all of which are currently thought to be derived from the neural crest or committed sympathoadrenal precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eleni Kastriti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Polina Kameneva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kamenev
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viacheslav Dyachuk
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Furlan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States
| | - Marek Hampl
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, CAS, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Fatima Memic
- Unit of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Marklund
- Unit of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Saida Hadjab
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Calvo-Enrique
- Unit of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Ernfors
- Unit of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaj Fried
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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