1
|
Chang CY, Pearce G, Betaneli V, Kapustsenka T, Hosseini K, Fischer-Friedrich E, Corbeil D, Karbanová J, Taubenberger A, Dahncke B, Rauner M, Furesi G, Perner S, Rost F, Jessberger R. The F-actin bundler SWAP-70 promotes tumor metastasis. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302307. [PMID: 38760173 PMCID: PMC11101836 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynamic rearrangements of the F-actin cytoskeleton are a hallmark of tumor metastasis. Thus, proteins that govern F-actin rearrangements are of major interest for understanding metastasis and potential therapies. We hypothesized that the unique F-actin binding and bundling protein SWAP-70 contributes importantly to metastasis. Orthotopic, ectopic, and short-term tail vein injection mouse breast and lung cancer models revealed a strong positive dependence of lung and bone metastasis on SWAP-70. Breast cancer cell growth, migration, adhesion, and invasion assays revealed SWAP-70's key role in these metastasis-related cell features and the requirement for SWAP-70 to bind F-actin. Biophysical experiments showed that tumor cell stiffness and deformability are negatively modulated by SWAP-70. Together, we present a hitherto undescribed, unique F-actin modulator as an important contributor to tumor metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yuan Chang
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Glen Pearce
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Viktoria Betaneli
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tatsiana Kapustsenka
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kamran Hosseini
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Fischer-Friedrich
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denis Corbeil
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Dresden, Germany
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jana Karbanová
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Dresden, Germany
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Taubenberger
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Dresden, Germany
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Björn Dahncke
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Giulia Furesi
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Institute of Pathology, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Fabian Rost
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, Technology Platform at the Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun Y, Xu C, Jiang Z, Jiang X. DEF6(differentially exprehomolog) exacerbates pathological cardiac hypertrophy via RAC1. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:483. [PMID: 37524688 PMCID: PMC10390462 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05948-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy involves multiple regulators and several signal transduction pathways. Currently, the mechanisms of it are not well understood. Differentially expressed in FDCP 6 homolog (DEF6) was reported to participate in immunity, bone remodeling, and cancers. The effects of DEF6 on pathological cardiac hypertrophy, however, have not yet been fully characterized. We initially determined the expression profile of DEF6 and found that DEF6 was upregulated in hypertrophic hearts and cardiomyocytes. Our in vivo results revealed that DEF6 deficiency in mice alleviated transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, dilation and dysfunction of left ventricle. Conversely, cardiomyocyte-specific DEF6-overexpression aggravated the hypertrophic phenotype in mice under chronic pressure overload. Similar to the animal experiments, the in vitro data showed that adenovirus-mediated knockdown of DEF6 remarkably inhibited phenylephrine (PE)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, whereas DEF6 overexpression exerted the opposite effects. Mechanistically, exploration of the signal pathways showed that the mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) cascade might be involved in the prohypertrophic effect of DEF6. Coimmunoprecipitation and GST (glutathione S-transferase) pulldown analyses demonstrated that DEF6 can directly interact with small GTPase Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), and the Rac1 activity assay revealed that the activity of Rac1 is altered with DEF6 expression in TAC-cardiac hypertrophy and PE-triggered cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In the end, western blot and rescue experiments using Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 and the constitutively active mutant Rac1(G12V) verified the requirement of Rac1 and MEK1/2-ERK1/2 activation for DEF6-mediated pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Our study substantiates that DEF6 acts as a deleterious regulator of cardiac hypertrophy by activating the Rac1 and MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathways, and suggests that DEF6 may be a potential treatment target for heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110022, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Changlu Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110022, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhongxiu Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110022, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110022, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Phalke S, Rivera-Correa J, Jenkins D, Flores Castro D, Giannopoulou E, Pernis AB. Molecular mechanisms controlling age-associated B cells in autoimmunity. Immunol Rev 2022; 307:79-100. [PMID: 35102602 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Age-associated B cells (ABCs) have emerged as critical components of immune responses. Their inappropriate expansion and differentiation have increasingly been linked to the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, aging-associated diseases, and infections. ABCs exhibit a distinctive phenotype and, in addition to classical B cell markers, often express the transcription factor T-bet and myeloid markers like CD11c; hence, these cells are also commonly known as CD11c+ T-bet+ B cells. Formation of ABCs is promoted by distinctive combinations of innate and adaptive signals. In addition to producing antibodies, these cells display antigen-presenting and proinflammatory capabilities. It is becoming increasingly appreciated that the ABC compartment exhibits a high degree of heterogeneity, plasticity, and sex-specific regulation and that ABCs can differentiate into effector progeny via several routes particularly in autoimmune settings. In this review, we will discuss the initial insights that have been obtained on the molecular machinery that controls ABCs and we will highlight some of the unique aspects of this control system that may enable ABCs to fulfill their distinctive role in immune responses. Given the expanding array of autoimmune disorders and pathophysiological settings in which ABCs are being implicated, a deeper understanding of this machinery could have important and broad therapeutic implications for the successful, albeit daunting, task of targeting these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Phalke
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Juan Rivera-Correa
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Jenkins
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Danny Flores Castro
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Evgenia Giannopoulou
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Biological Sciences Department, New York City College of Technology, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alessandra B Pernis
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Immunology & Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kiel C, Matallanas D, Kolch W. The Ins and Outs of RAS Effector Complexes. Biomolecules 2021; 11:236. [PMID: 33562401 PMCID: PMC7915224 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS oncogenes are among the most commonly mutated proteins in human cancers. They regulate a wide range of effector pathways that control cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, migration and metabolic status. Including aberrations in these pathways, RAS-dependent signaling is altered in more than half of human cancers. Targeting mutant RAS proteins and their downstream oncogenic signaling pathways has been elusive. However, recent results comprising detailed molecular studies, large scale omics studies and computational modeling have painted a new and more comprehensive portrait of RAS signaling that helps us to understand the intricacies of RAS, how its physiological and pathophysiological functions are regulated, and how we can target them. Here, we review these efforts particularly trying to relate the detailed mechanistic studies with global functional studies. We highlight the importance of computational modeling and data integration to derive an actionable understanding of RAS signaling that will allow us to design new mechanism-based therapies for RAS mutated cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kiel
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; (C.K.); (D.M.)
- UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David Matallanas
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; (C.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; (C.K.); (D.M.)
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Deng Z, Ng C, Inoue K, Chen Z, Xia Y, Hu X, Greenblatt M, Pernis A, Zhao B. Def6 regulates endogenous type-I interferon responses in osteoblasts and suppresses osteogenesis. eLife 2020; 9:e59659. [PMID: 33373293 PMCID: PMC7771961 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling involves a balance between bone resorption and formation. The mechanisms underlying bone remodeling are not well understood. DEF6 is recently identified as a novel loci associated with bone mineral density. However, it is unclear how Def6 impacts bone remodeling. We identify Def6 as a novel osteoblastic regulator that suppresses osteoblastogenesis and bone formation. Def6 deficiency enhances both bone resorption and osteogenesis. The enhanced bone resorption in Def6-/- mice dominates, leading to osteoporosis. Mechanistically, Def6 inhibits the differentiation of both osteoclasts and osteoblasts via a common mechanism through endogenous type-I IFN-mediated feedback inhibition. RNAseq analysis shows expression of a group of IFN stimulated genes (ISGs) during osteoblastogenesis. Furthermore, we found that Def6 is a key upstream regulator of IFNβ and ISG expression in osteoblasts. Collectively, our results identify a novel immunoregulatory function of Def6 in bone remodeling, and shed insights into the interaction between immune system and bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghao Deng
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkUnited States
| | - Courtney Ng
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkUnited States
| | - Kazuki Inoue
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ziyu Chen
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkUnited States
| | - Yuhan Xia
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkUnited States
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Matthew Greenblatt
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkUnited States
- Research Division, Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkUnited States
| | - Alessandra Pernis
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkUnited States
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical SciencesNew YorkUnited States
| | - Baohong Zhao
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkUnited States
- Graduate Program in Cell and Development Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical SciencesNew YorkUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhu ZP, Lin LR, Lv TD, Xu CR, Cai TY, Lin J. High expression levels of DEF6 predicts a poor prognosis for patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:2056-2066. [PMID: 33000227 PMCID: PMC7551049 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common types of malignant tumors and early detection contributes to a better prognosis. Finding new biomarkers for the diagnosis or treatment remains meaningful. DEF6 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (DEF6) is upregulated in ccRCC compared to normal controls, but the relationship between DEF6 expression and prognosis in ccRCC is unclear. Moreover, the potential biological functions of DEF6 in ccRCC remains unclear. In the present study, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), TISIDB and the clinical database of the Peking University First Hospital were used to analyze DEF6 expression in ccRCC. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR were used to examine the DEF6 protein and mRNA expression levels in cell lines and clinical samples. Subsequently, the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analyses were used to determine the impact of DEF6 expression on the overall survival of patients alongside other clinical variables in both the TCGA database and the present clinical database. The results showed that both DEF6 mRNA and protein expression levels were upregulated in ccRCC compared to normal controls. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with high DEF6 expression had poor prognoses from both the TCGA database and the present clinical database. Univariate survival analysis and multivariate survival analysis revealed that DEF6 could be an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes related to DEF6 expression influenced ccRCC by regulating the tumor immune microenvironment. In conclusion, overexpression of DEF6 is significantly correlated with a poor prognosis for patients with ccRCC and DEF6 may influence the biological processes involved with ccRCC by regulating the immune microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Peng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Lan-Ruo Lin
- College of Basic Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Tong-De Lv
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Ru Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Yu Cai
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Humphries BA, Wang Z, Yang C. MicroRNA Regulation of the Small Rho GTPase Regulators-Complexities and Opportunities in Targeting Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1092. [PMID: 32353968 PMCID: PMC7281527 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The small Rho GTPases regulate important cellular processes that affect cancer metastasis, such as cell survival and proliferation, actin dynamics, adhesion, migration, invasion and transcriptional activation. The Rho GTPases function as molecular switches cycling between an active GTP-bound and inactive guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound conformation. It is known that Rho GTPase activities are mainly regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs), GTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs), GDP dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs) and guanine nucleotide exchange modifiers (GEMs). These Rho GTPase regulators are often dysregulated in cancer; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a large family of small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate protein-coding gene expression, have been shown to play important roles in cancer metastasis. Recent studies showed that miRNAs are capable of directly targeting RhoGAPs, RhoGEFs, and RhoGDIs, and regulate the activities of Rho GTPases. This not only provides new evidence for the critical role of miRNA dysregulation in cancer metastasis, it also reveals novel mechanisms for Rho GTPase regulation. This review summarizes recent exciting findings showing that miRNAs play important roles in regulating Rho GTPase regulators (RhoGEFs, RhoGAPs, RhoGDIs), thus affecting Rho GTPase activities and cancer metastasis. The potential opportunities and challenges for targeting miRNAs and Rho GTPase regulators in treating cancer metastasis are also discussed. A comprehensive list of the currently validated miRNA-targeting of small Rho GTPase regulators is presented as a reference resource.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brock A. Humphries
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhishan Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 V A Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Chengfeng Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 V A Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Focus on Cdc42 in Breast Cancer: New Insights, Target Therapy Development and Non-Coding RNAs. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020146. [PMID: 30754684 PMCID: PMC6406589 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumors in females. Although the conventional treatment has demonstrated a certain effect, some limitations still exist. The Rho guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) Cdc42 (Cell division control protein 42 homolog) is often upregulated by some cell surface receptors and oncogenes in breast cancer. Cdc42 switches from inactive guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound to active GTP-bound though guanine-nucleotide-exchange factors (GEFs), results in activation of signaling cascades that regulate various cellular processes such as cytoskeletal changes, proliferation and polarity establishment. Targeting Cdc42 also provides a strategy for precise breast cancer therapy. In addition, Cdc42 is a potential target for several types of non-coding RNAs including microRNAs and lncRNAs. These non-coding RNAs is extensively involved in Cdc42-induced tumor processes, while many of them are aberrantly expressed. Here, we focus on the role of Cdc42 in cell morphogenesis, proliferation, motility, angiogenesis and survival, introduce the Cdc42-targeted non-coding RNAs, as well as present current development of effective Cdc42-targeted inhibitors in breast cancer.
Collapse
|
9
|
Xu Y, Hou Y, Liu T, Lou G. Overexpression and clinical significance of IBP in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6604-6610. [PMID: 29616123 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor-4 binding protein (IBP) is as a type of ρ GTPase suggested to serve an important role in tumor occurrence and development through the effects of cytoskeletal remodeling, and cell conduction mechanism. IBP is widely expressed in the immune system and expressed in several types of tumors. However, its expression and prognostic value in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of IBP in EOC, and its effect on clinicopathological variables and prognosis. A total of 107 and 30 cases of epithelial ovarian carcinoma and benign ovarian disease tissue sections, respectively, were examined using immunohistochemistry. The results indicated that the IBP expression status was negative or markedly weak in normal tissues, but highly expressed in EOC tissues. A significant association was observed between IBP overexpression and various clinicopathological factors, including advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (P<0.001), poor histologic grade (P=0.002), peritoneal carcinomatosis (P<0.001), lymph-node metastasis (P=0.023) and recurrence (P<0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis additionally suggested that IBP overexpression was an independent factor affecting recurrence-free survival [hazard ratio (HR)=4.099; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.209-7.606; P<0.001) and overall survival (HR=2.317; 95% CI, 1.484-3.617; P<0.001) in patients with EOC. The results of the present study demonstrated that IBP overexpression may be associated with tumor development and progression in EOC, and therefore may serve as a novel target for treating this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjuan Xu
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yangming Hou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Tianbo Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Ge Lou
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Manni M, Ricker E, Pernis AB. Regulation of systemic autoimmunity and CD11c + Tbet + B cells by SWEF proteins. Cell Immunol 2017; 321:46-51. [PMID: 28780965 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed the existence of a T-bet dependent subset of B cells, which expresses unique phenotypic and functional characteristics including high levels of CD11c and CD11b. In the murine system this B cell subset has been termed Age/autoimmune-associated B cells (ABCs) since it expands with age in non-autoimmune mice and it prematurely accumulates in autoimmune-prone strains. The molecular mechanisms that promote the expansion and function of ABCs are largely unknown. This review will focus on the SWEF proteins, a small family of Rho GEFs comprised of SWAP-70 and its homolog DEF6, a newly identified risk variant for human SLE. We will first provide an overview of the SWEF proteins and then discuss the complex array of biological processes that they control and the autoimmune phenotypes that spontaneously develop in their absence, highlighting the emerging involvement of these proteins in regulating ABCs. A better understanding of the pathways controlled by the SWEF proteins could help provide new insights into the mechanisms responsible for the expansion of ABCs in autoimmunity and potentially guide the design of novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Manni
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edd Ricker
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA; Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alessandra B Pernis
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA; Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA; David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Identification of a Novel Alternatively Spliced Form of Inflammatory Regulator SWAP-70-Like Adapter of T Cells. Int J Inflam 2017; 2017:1324735. [PMID: 28523202 PMCID: PMC5421089 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1324735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of naive CD4+ T cells results in the development of several distinct subsets of effector Th cells, including Th2 cells that play a pivotal role in allergic inflammation and helminthic infections. SWAP-70-like adapter of T cells (SLAT), also known as Def6 or IBP, is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for small GTPases, which regulates CD4+ T cell inflammatory responses by controlling Ca2+/NFAT signaling. In this study, we have identified a novel alternatively spliced isoform of SLAT, named SLAT2, which lacks the region encoded by exons 2-7 of the Def6 gene. SLAT2 was selectively expressed in differentiated Th2 cells after the second round of in vitro stimulation, but not in differentiated Th1, Th17, or regulatory T (Treg) cells. Functional assays revealed that SLAT2 shared with SLAT the ability to enhance T cell receptor- (TCR-) mediated activation of NFAT and production of IL-4 but was unable to enhance TCR-induced adhesion to ICAM-1. Ectopic expression of SLAT2 or SLAT in Jurkat T cells resulted in the expression of distinct forms of filopodia, namely, short versus long ones, respectively. These results demonstrate that modulating either SLAT2 or SLAT protein expression could play critical roles in cytokine production and actin reorganization during inflammatory immune responses.
Collapse
|
12
|
Binder N, Miller C, Yoshida M, Inoue K, Nakano S, Hu X, Ivashkiv LB, Schett G, Pernis A, Goldring SR, Ross FP, Zhao B. Def6 Restrains Osteoclastogenesis and Inflammatory Bone Resorption. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3436-3447. [PMID: 28314855 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bone resorption mediated by osteoclasts is a major cause of morbidity and disability in many inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The mechanisms that regulate osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in inflammatory settings are complex and have not been well elucidated. In this study, we identify the immunoregulator differentially expressed in FDCP 6 homolog (Def6) as a novel inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis in physiological and inflammatory conditions. Def6 deficiency in Def6-/- mice enhanced the sensitivity of osteoclast precursors to the physiological osteoclastogenic inducer receptor activator for NF-κB ligand, and Def6-/- osteoclasts formed actin rings. Furthermore, Def6 deficiency markedly increased TNF-α-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in vivo and enhanced bone resorption in an inflammatory osteolysis mouse model. TNF-α serum levels correlated negatively with Def6 expression levels in osteoclast precursors obtained from RA patients, and the osteoclastogenic capacity of the osteoclast precursors was significantly inversely correlated with their Def6 expression levels, indicating that Def6 functions as an inhibitor of excessive osteoclast formation and bone destruction in RA. Mechanistically, Def6 suppressed osteoclastogenesis and the expression of key osteoclastogenic factors NFATc1, B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1, and c-Fos by regulating an endogenous IFN-β-mediated autocrine feedback loop. The Def6-dependent pathway may represent a novel therapeutic target to prevent pathological bone destruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Binder
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and The David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - Christine Miller
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and The David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - Masaki Yoshida
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and The David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - Kazuki Inoue
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and The David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - Shinichi Nakano
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and The David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lionel B Ivashkiv
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and The David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021.,Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10021
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Alessandra Pernis
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and The David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021.,Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10021.,Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021; and
| | - Steven R Goldring
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and The David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - F Patrick Ross
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and The David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - Baohong Zhao
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and The David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021; .,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liew PL, Fang CY, Lee YC, Lee YC, Chen CL, Chu JS. DEF6 expression in ovarian carcinoma correlates with poor patient survival. Diagn Pathol 2016; 11:68. [PMID: 27488395 PMCID: PMC4973116 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-016-0518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased expression of DEF6 is correlated with the malignant behavior of various cancers. Both DEF6 and p16 contribute to the regulation of cell cycle progression, and p53 plays important role in the cell cycle checkpoints. This study was designed to elucidate the prognostic significance of DEF6, p53 and p16 immunoexpressions in different histology subtypes of ovarian carcinoma. METHODS Immunohistochemistry results of DEF6, p53 and p16 on ovarian carcinoma were compared with histology subtypes, clinical data, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) by Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS We studied 180 cases of ovarian carcinomas (75 high-grade serous, 41 clear cell, 36 mucinous and 28 endometrioid), including 109 FIGO stage I-II cases and 71 FIGO stage III-IV cases. Ovarian carcinomas positive for both DEF6 and p16 expression were associated with the worst OS (P = 0.027) and DFS (P = 0.023), whereas those negative for both DEF6 and p16 had the best OS and DFS. Aberrant p53 expression combined with positive DEF6 was associated with worst OS (P = 0.031) and DFS (P = 0.028). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that significantly shorter survival rates were seen in patients with high expressions of DEF6 (P = 0.008) and p16 (P = 0.022). Patients with aberrant p53 expression in high-grade serous carcinoma (P = 0.012) and patients with high DEF6 expression in clear cell carcinoma (P = 0.001) were also associated with shorter overall survival. In univariate analysis, FIGO stage, DEF6 and p16 were associated with poor prognosis. DEF6 expression was the only independent prognostic factor correlated with shorted OS (HR 2.115; P = 0.025) and DFS (HR 2.248; P = 0.016) upon multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS DEF6 expression may serve as an independent prognostic factor, and interacted positively with p16 toward high tumor stage and shorter survival.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/diagnosis
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/mortality
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/diagnosis
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/mortality
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/mortality
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cohort Studies
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/metabolism
- Cystadenoma, Serous/diagnosis
- Cystadenoma, Serous/metabolism
- Cystadenoma, Serous/mortality
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/mortality
- Prognosis
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phui-Ly Liew
- Department of Pathology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561 Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Xing Street, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yeu Fang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Xing Street, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 116 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chih Lee
- Department of International Business, Chien Hsin University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 32097 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Xing Street, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
| | - Jan-Show Chu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Xing Street, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fos C, Becart S, Canonigo Balancio AJ, Boehning D, Altman A. Association of the EF-hand and PH domains of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor SLAT with IP₃ receptor 1 promotes Ca²⁺ signaling in T cells. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra93. [PMID: 25270259 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The guanine nucleotide exchange factor SLAT (SWAP-70-like adaptor of T cells) regulates T cell activation and differentiation by enabling Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores in response to stimulation of the T cell receptor (TCR). We found a TCR-induced association between SLAT and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor type 1 (IP3R1). The N-terminal region of SLAT, which contains two EF-hand motifs that we determined bound Ca(2+), and the SLAT pleckstrin homology (PH) domain independently bound to IP3R1 by associating with a conserved motif within the IP3R1 ligand-binding domain. Disruption of the SLAT-IP3R1 interaction with cell-permeable, IP3R1-based fusion peptides inhibited TCR-stimulated Ca(2+) signaling, activation of the transcription factor NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells), and production of cytokines, suggesting that this interaction is required for optimal T cell activation. The finding that SLAT is an IP3R1-interacting protein required for T cell activation suggests that this interaction could be a potential target for a selective immunosuppressive drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Fos
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Stephane Becart
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ann J Canonigo Balancio
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Darren Boehning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Amnon Altman
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Otsubo T, Hida Y, Ohga N, Sato H, Kai T, Matsuki Y, Takasu H, Akiyama K, Maishi N, Kawamoto T, Shinohara N, Nonomura K, Hida K. Identification of novel targets for antiangiogenic therapy by comparing the gene expressions of tumor and normal endothelial cells. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:560-7. [PMID: 24602018 PMCID: PMC4317838 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting tumor angiogenesis is an established strategy for cancer therapy. Because angiogenesis is not limited to pathological conditions such as cancer, molecular markers that can distinguish between physiological and pathological angiogenesis are required to develop more effective and safer approaches for cancer treatment. To identify such molecules, we determined the gene expression profiles of murine tumor endothelial cells (mTEC) and murine normal endothelial cells using DNA microarray analysis followed by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis. We identified 131 genes that were differentially upregulated in mTEC. Functional analysis using siRNA-mediated gene silencing revealed five novel tumor endothelial cell markers that were involved in the proliferation or migration of mTEC. The expression of DEF6 and TMEM176B was upregulated in tumor vessels of human renal cell carcinoma specimens, suggesting that they are potential targets for antiangiogenic intervention for renal cell carcinoma. Comparative gene expression analysis revealed molecular differences between tumor endothelial cells and normal endothelial cells and identified novel tumor endothelial cell markers that may be exploited to target tumor angiogenesis for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuguteru Otsubo
- Drug Discovery II, DSP Cancer Institute, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
RETRACTED: Swap70b is required for convergent and extension cell movement during zebrafish gastrulation linking Wnt11 signalling and RhoA effector function. Dev Biol 2014; 386:191-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
17
|
Worthmann K, Leitges M, Teng B, Sestu M, Tossidou I, Samson T, Haller H, Huber TB, Schiffer M. Def-6, a novel regulator of small GTPases in podocytes, acts downstream of atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) λ/ι. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:1945-1959. [PMID: 24096077 PMCID: PMC5707189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) isotypes PKCλ/ι and PKCζ are both expressed in podocytes; however, little is known about differences in their function. Previous studies in mice have demonstrated that podocyte-specific loss of PKCλ/ι leads to a severe glomerular phenotype, whereas mice deficient in PKCζ develop no renal phenotype. We analyzed various effects caused by PKCλ/ι and PKCζ deficiency in cultured murine podocytes. In contrast to PKCζ-deficient podocytes, PKCλ/ι-deficient podocytes exhibited a severe actin cytoskeletal phenotype, reduced cell size, decreased number of focal adhesions, and increased activation of small GTPases. Comparative microarray analysis revealed that the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Def-6 was specifically up-regulated in PKCλ/ι-deficient podocytes. In vivo Def-6 expression is significantly increased in podocytes of PKCλ/ι-deficient mice. Cultured PKCλ/ι-deficient podocytes exhibited an enhanced membrane association of Def-6, indicating enhanced activation. Overexpression of aPKCλ/ι in PKCλ/ι-deficient podocytes could reduce the membrane-associated expression of Def-6 and rescue the actin phenotype. In the present study, PKCλ/ι was identified as an important factor for actin cytoskeletal regulation in podocytes and Def-6 as a specific downstream target of PKCλ/ι that regulates the activity of small GTPases and subsequently the actin cytoskeleton of podocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Worthmann
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Leitges
- Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Beina Teng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marcello Sestu
- Faculty of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF) Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Irini Tossidou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Samson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hermann Haller
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mario Schiffer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen S, Han Q, Wang X, Yang M, Zhang Z, Li P, Chen A, Hu C, Li S. IBP-mediated suppression of autophagy promotes growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells via activating mTORC2/Akt/FOXO3a signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e842. [PMID: 24113176 PMCID: PMC3824689 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor-4 binding protein (IBP) is a novel upstream activator of Rho GTPases. Our previous studies have shown that ectopic expression of IBP was correlated with malignant behaviors of human breast cancer cells, and invasive human breast cancer had high expression of IBP that promoted the proliferation of these cells. However, it remains unknown whether autophagy inhibition contributes to IBP-mediated tumorigenesis. In this study, we for the first time, reported that upregulation of IBP expression significantly suppressed the autophagy of breast cancer cells, and downregulation of IBP expression markedly induced autophagy of these cells. Further investigation revealed that IBP effectively counteracted autophagy by directly activating mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) and upregulating phosphorylation of Akt on ser473 and FOXO3a on Thr32. Moreover, IBP-mediated suppression of autophagy was dependent on mTORC2/Akt/FOXO3a signaling pathway. Finally, our results demonstrated that IBP-mediated breast cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo was strongly correlated with suppression of mTORC2-dependent autophagy. These findings suggest that the anti-autophagic property of IBP has an important role in IBP-mediated tumorigenesis, and IBP may serve as an attractive target for treatment of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Chen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
IBP regulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and the motility of breast cancer cells via Rac1, RhoA and Cdc42 signaling pathways. Oncogene 2013; 33:3374-82. [PMID: 23975422 PMCID: PMC4078416 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial process for the invasion and metastasis of epithelial tumors. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this transition are poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that interferon regulatory factor 4 binding protein (IBP) regulates EMT and the motility of breast cancer cells through Rac1, RhoA and Cdc42 signaling pathways. We found that increased expression of IBP was associated with the progression of breast cancer and that IBP protein levels were significantly elevated in matched distant metastases. High IBP levels also predict shorter overall survival of breast cancer patients. Furthermore, the forced expression of IBP decreased the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin but increased the mesenchymal markers in breast cancer cells. In contrast, silencing IBP in metastatic breast tumor cells promoted a shift toward an epithelial morphology concomitant with increased expression of E-cadherin and decreased expression of mesenchymal markers. IBP silencing also reduced the expression of EMT-inducing transcription factors (Snail, Slug, ZEB1 and ZEB2). Moreover, we identified a role for IBP in endogenous EMT induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and deletion of IBP attenuated EGF receptor (EGFR) signaling in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, IBP regulates the migration, invasion and matrix metalloprotease production in breast cancer cells as well as actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and the activation of GTP-Rac1, GTP-RhoA and GTP-Cdc42. Taken together, our findings demonstrate an oncogenic property for IBP in promoting the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells.
Collapse
|
20
|
Jian CX, Yang MZ, Li P, Xiong J, Zhang ZJ, Li CJ, Chen A, Hu CM, Zhou JX, Li SH. Ectopically expressed IBP promotes cell proliferation in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Invest 2012; 30:748-56. [PMID: 23088770 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2012.734355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
IFN regulatory factor 4 binding protein (IBP) has been shown to play an important role in the progression of malignant tumors such as breast cancer cells, but its function in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. We found that IBP ectopically expressed in some OSCC specimens but not in normal oral mucosa epithelium tissues. IBP expression was significantly correlated with tumor size, differentiation, clinical stage, and distant metastasis. Furthermore, IBP markedly promoted OSCC cell proliferation, shortened the G1 interval in the cell cycle, and increased cyclin D1 expression. These findings suggest that IBP may be a potential therapeutic target for OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Xiang Jian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratory Sciences, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hey F, Czyzewicz N, Jones P, Sablitzky F. DEF6, a novel substrate for the Tec kinase ITK, contains a glutamine-rich aggregation-prone region and forms cytoplasmic granules that co-localize with P-bodies. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:31073-84. [PMID: 22829599 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.346767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Localization of DEF6 (SLAT/IBP), a Rho-family guanine nucleotide exchange factor, to the center of the immune synapse is dependent upon ITK, a Tec-family kinase that regulates the spatiotemporal organization of components of T cell signaling pathways and Cdc42-dependent actin polymerization. Here we demonstrate that ITK both interacts with DEF6 and phosphorylates DEF6 at tyrosine residues Tyr(210) and Tyr(222). Expression of a GFP-tagged Y210E-Y222E phosphomimic resulted in the formation of DEF6 cytoplasmic granules that co-localized with decapping enzyme 1 (DCP1), a marker of P-bodies; sites of mRNA degradation. Similarly treatment of cells with puromycin or sodium arsenite, reagents that arrest translation, also resulted in the accumulation of DEF6 in cytoplasmic granules. Bioinformatics analysis identified a glutamine-rich, heptad-repeat region; a feature of aggregating proteins, within the C-terminal region of DEF6 with the potential to promote granule formation through a phosphorylation-dependent unmasking of this region. These data suggest that in addition to its role as a GEF, DEF6 may also function in regulating mRNA translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Hey
- School of Biology, Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Goudevenou K, Martin P, Yeh YJ, Jones P, Sablitzky F. Def6 is required for convergent extension movements during zebrafish gastrulation downstream of Wnt5b signaling. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26548. [PMID: 22039507 PMCID: PMC3198796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During gastrulation, convergent extension (CE) cell movements are regulated through the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Wnt signaling results in downstream activation of Rho GTPases that in turn regulate actin cytoskeleton rearrangements essential for co-ordinated CE cell movement. Rho GTPases are bi-molecular switches that are inactive in their GDP-bound stage but can be activated to bind GTP through guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Here we show that def6, a novel GEF, regulates CE cell movement during zebrafish gastrulation. Def6 morphants exhibit broadened and shortened body axis with normal cell fate specification, reminiscent of the zebrafish mutants silberblick and pipetail that lack Wnt11 or Wnt5b, respectively. Indeed, def6 morphants phenocopy Wnt5b mutants and ectopic overexpression of def6 essentially rescues Wnt5b morphants, indicating a novel role for def6 as a central GEF downstream of Wnt5b signaling. In addition, by knocking down both def6 and Wnt11, we show that def6 synergises with the Wnt11 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Goudevenou
- School of Biology, Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Martin
- School of Biology, Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Jung Yeh
- School of Biology, Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Jones
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Fred Sablitzky
- School of Biology, Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Biswas PS, Bhagat G, Pernis AB. IRF4 and its regulators: evolving insights into the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis? Immunol Rev 2010; 233:79-96. [PMID: 20192994 PMCID: PMC2920730 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2009.00864.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from murine and human studies supports a key role for interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-21 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis. The pathways and molecular mechanisms that underlie the production of IL-17 and IL-21 are being rapidly elucidated. This review focuses on interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), a member of the IRF family of transcription factors, which has emerged as a crucial controller of both IL-17 and IL-21 production. We first outline the complex role of IRF4 in the function of CD4(+) T cells and then discuss recent studies from our laboratory that have revealed a surprising role for components of Rho GTPase-mediated pathways in controlling the activity of IRF4. A better understanding of these novel pathways will hopefully provide new insights into mechanisms responsible for the development of inflammatory arthritis and potentially guide the design of novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Govind Bhagat
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Canonigo-Balancio AJ, Fos C, Prod’homme T, Bécart S, Altman A. SLAT/Def6 plays a critical role in the development of Th17 cell-mediated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2009; 183:7259-67. [PMID: 19915062 PMCID: PMC2821872 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SWAP-70-like adapter of T cells (SLAT; also known as Def6) is a novel guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho GTPases that has been previously shown to play a role in CD4+ T cell activation and Th1/Th2 differentiation. However, the role of SLAT/Def6 in autoimmunity and its associated Th1- and Th17-specific responses has not yet been clearly elucidated. We used a prototypical and pathologically relevant Th1/Th17-mediated autoimmune model, that is, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, to assess the role of SLAT/Def6 in autoantigen-specific T cell response. We found that T cell-expressed SLAT/Def6 was critical for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis development and pathogenesis, as evidenced by the resistance of Def6-deficient (Def6(-/-)) mice to clinical signs of the disease associated with a lack of CNS inflammation and demyelination in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunized Def6(-/-) mice. Moreover, Def6 deficiency resulted in a severely diminished myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation as well as a defect in IFN-gamma and IL-17 production in secondary lymphoid organs and the CNS. Lastly, Def6(-/-) CD4+ T cells were grossly deficient in their ability to differentiate into Th17 cells both in vitro and in vivo in a T cell-intrinsic manner. Therefore, our study establishes T cell-expressed SLAT/Def6 as a pivotal positive regulator of Th17 inflammatory responses and, thus, essential in controlling autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Camille Fos
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Thomas Prod’homme
- Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Stéphane Bécart
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Amnon Altman
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bécart S, Altman A. SWAP-70-like adapter of T cells: a novel Lck-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factor coordinating actin cytoskeleton reorganization and Ca2+ signaling in T cells. Immunol Rev 2009; 232:319-33. [PMID: 19909373 PMCID: PMC2801603 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2009.00839.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
SWAP-70-like adapter of T cells (SLAT) is a recently identified guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Cdc42 and Rac1, which is highly expressed in both thymocytes and peripheral T cells. Here, we present and discuss findings resulting from biochemical and genetic analyses aimed at unveiling the role of SLAT in CD4+ T-cell development, activation, and T-helper (Th) cell differentiation. Slat(-/-) mice display a developmental defect at one of the earliest stages of thymocyte differentiation, the double negative 1 (DN1) stage, leading to decreased peripheral T-cell numbers. Slat(-/-) peripheral CD4+ T cells demonstrate impaired T-cell receptor/CD28-induced proliferation and IL-2 production. Moreover, SLAT positively regulates the development of Th1 and Th2 inflammatory responses by controlling Ca2+/NFAT signaling. SLAT is also a positive regulator of the recently emerging Th subset, i.e., Th17 cells, as evidenced by its critical role in Th17 cell-mediated central nervous system inflammation. Furthermore, TCR engagement induces SLAT translocation to the immunological synapse, a process mediated by its Lck-dependent phosphorylation, which thereafter facilitates the triggering of SLAT GEF activity towards Cdc42 and Rac1, leading to NFAT activation and Th1/Th2 differentiation. Future work will aim to dissect the interacting partners of SLAT and may thus shed light on the poorly understood events that coordinate and link actin cytoskeleton reorganization to Ca2+ signaling and gene transcription in T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Bécart
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amnon Altman
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang Z, Wang Q, Li P, Zhou Y, Li S, Yi W, Chen A, Kong P, Hu C. Overexpression of the Interferon regulatory factor 4-binding protein in human colorectal cancer and its clinical significance. Cancer Epidemiol 2009; 33:130-6. [PMID: 19679060 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IFN regulatory factor 4-binding protein (IBP) is a novel type of activator of Rho GTPases. It has been linked with differentiation and apoptosis of lymphocytes, but its function in oncogenesis remains unclear. Here we studied the expression of endogenous IBP in four human colorectal cancer cell lines, normal, adenoma and tumor colorectal tissues. METHODS Molecular (Western blot and RT-PCR), and confocal analyses were used to investigate IBP expression in human colorectal cancer cell lines. Matched normal and tumor tissue sections of 63 patients and 15 adenoma tissue sections were analyzed for IBP expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS IBP was ubiquitely expressed in human colorectal cancer cell lines. The expression of IBP can be detected at both the mRNA and protein level in SW480, SW620 and HT29 cells. Clinically, IBP were elevated in human colorectal cancer specimens in comparison to normal colorectal tissues. Substantial high expression of IBP was observed in colorectal cancer tissues (67%), whereas corresponding normal tissues and 15 adenoma tissues showed consistently absent immunoreactivity of IBP. Moreover, IBP expression is correlated with the differentiation level of colorectal cancer cells (p<0.05) and clinical stage of patients (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our data show, for the first time, a dysregulated expression of IBP in human colorectal cancer, offering new perspectives for its role in cancer development and progression. IBP may be a novel tumor marker and a therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhujun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mehta H, Glogauer M, Bécart S, Altman A, Coggeshall KM. Adaptor protein SLAT modulates Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis in murine macrophages. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:11882-91. [PMID: 19251698 PMCID: PMC2673257 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m809712200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2008] [Revised: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SLAT (SWAP-70-like adaptor protein of T cells) is an adaptor protein expressed in cells of the hematopoietic system. SLAT interacts with and alters the function of small GTPase Rac1 in fibroblasts. In these nonhematopoietic models, the SLAT-Rac interaction leads to changes in F-actin and causes cytoskeletal reorganization. In T cells, SLAT expression regulates the development of T helper cells through Cdc42- and Rac1-mediated activation of the NF-AT transcription factor. Here we show that SLAT is expressed in macrophages. Overexpression of SLAT in a macrophage cell line inhibits the IgG Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytic ability of THP1 cells. In bone marrow-derived macrophages, SLAT protein is recruited to the early phagosomes formed via Fcgamma receptor engagement. SLAT recruitment to the phagosome was most efficient when the macrophages express at least one isoform of Rac (Rac1 or Rac2), because SLAT recruitment was reduced in macrophages of Rac-deficient mice. Macrophages derived from animals lacking SLAT show an elevation in the rate of Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis. The absence of SLAT is associated with an increase in the amount of F-actin formed around these phagosomes as well as an increase in the amount of Rac1 protein recruited to the phagosome. Our results suggest that SLAT acts as a gatekeeper for the amount of Rac recruited to the phagosomes formed by Fcgamma receptor engagement and thus is able to regulate F-actin re-organization and consequently phagocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harshini Mehta
- Program in Immunobiology and Cancer, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, and Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li P, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Li S, Zhang Y, Bian X, Chen A, Hu C. The ectopic expression of IFN regulatory factor 4-binding protein is correlated with the malignant behavior of human breast cancer cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:1002-9. [PMID: 19393345 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Many proteins that are aberrantly expressed in malignant tumors play important roles in promoting tumorigenesis, metastasis and immune escape. IFN regulatory factor 4-binding protein (IBP), which is a novel PH-DH-like protein related to SWAP-70, and functions as an upstream activator of Rho GTPases. It is widely expressed in cells of the immune system and is involved in coupling activated cell receptors to downstream signaling events that mediate cell proliferation, differentiation and polarization. Although IBP was detected in human chondrosarcoma, its function in tumor cells remains unknown. In this study, newly generated monoclonal anti-IBP antibodies were employed and they detected higher level expression of IBP in some human invasive breast carcinoma tissues and in two breast cancer cell lines that form highly invasive tumors in nude mice. In contrast, the levels of IBP mRNA and protein were low or undetectable in normal human breast tissues, benign breast lesions or low-tumorigenic breast cancer cell lines. Over-expression of wild-type IBP in an IBP-negative breast cancer cell line markedly increased its proliferation and invasiveness in vitro. Conversely, RNA interference-mediated knockdown of IBP expression in an IBP-positive breast cancer cell line significantly reduced cell growth and invasiveness. Our results indicate that IBP is expressed in more highly invasive human breast cancer cells, such as MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, with lower expression in normal breast tissue, benign tumors and less aggressive breast cancer cells, such as SKBR3 and MDA-MB-453. Thus, expression of IBP is correlated with the degree of malignant breast tumors. Nevertheless, it should be pointed our that further study with more tumor types is required to fully elucidate the role of IBP in tumorigenesis and the potential of IBP as a marker for more highly malignant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratory Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Farkas B, Boldizsar F, Tarjanyi O, Laszlo A, Lin SM, Hutas G, Tryniszewska B, Mangold A, Nagyeri G, Rosenzweig HL, Finnegan A, Mikecz K, Glant TT. BALB/c mice genetically susceptible to proteoglycan-induced arthritis and spondylitis show colony-dependent differences in disease penetrance. Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11:R21. [PMID: 19220900 PMCID: PMC2688253 DOI: 10.1186/ar2613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Revised: 01/31/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The major histocompatibility complex (H-2d) and non-major histocompatibility complex genetic backgrounds make the BALB/c strain highly susceptible to inflammatory arthritis and spondylitis. Although different BALB/c colonies develop proteoglycan-induced arthritis and proteoglycan-induced spondylitis in response to immunization with human cartilage proteoglycan, they show significant differences in disease penetrance despite being maintained by the same vendor at either the same or a different location. Methods BALB/c female mice (24 to 26 weeks old after 4 weeks of acclimatization) were immunized with a suboptimal dose of cartilage proteoglycan to explore even minute differences among 11 subcolonies purchased from five different vendors. In vitro-measured T-cell responses, and serum cytokines and (auto)antibodies were correlated with arthritis (and spondylitis) phenotypic scores. cDNA microarrays were also performed using spleen cells of naïve and immunized BALB/cJ and BALB/cByJ mice (both colonies from The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA), which represent the two major BALB/c sublines. Results The 11 BALB/c colonies could be separated into high (n = 3), average (n = 6), and low (n = 2) responder groups based upon their arthritis scores. While the clinical phenotypes showed significant differences, only a few immune parameters correlated with clinical or histopathological abnormalities, and seemingly none of them affected differences found in altered clinical phenotypes (onset time, severity or incidence of arthritis, or severity and progression of spondylitis). Affymetrix assay (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA) explored 77 differentially expressed genes (at a significant level, P < 0.05) between The Jackson Laboratory's BALB/cJ (original) and BALB/cByJ (transferred from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). Fourteen of the 77 differentially expressed genes had unknown function; 24 of 77 genes showed over twofold differences, and only 8 genes were induced by immunization, some in both colonies. Conclusions Using different subcolonies of the BALB/c strain, we can detect significant differences in arthritis phenotypes, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and a large number of differentially expressed genes, even in non-immunized animals. A number of the known genes (and SNPs) are associated with immune responses and/or arthritis in this genetically arthritis-prone murine strain, and a number of genes of as-yet-unknown function may affect or modify clinical phenotypes of arthritis and/or spondylitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balint Farkas
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 W, Harrison Street, Cohn Research Building, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kobayashi M, Katagiri T, Kosako H, Iida N, Hattori S. Global analysis of dynamic changes in lipid raft proteins during T-cell activation. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2035-43. [PMID: 17486660 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid rafts are considered as specialized microdomains within the plasma membrane with unique lipid compositions different from surrounding membranes. Following T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, lipid rafts assemble in T-cell/antigen-presenting cell (APC) contact site known as the immunological synapse, inner leaflets of which serve as activation or docking sites for downstream signaling components. To understand the signaling events occurring in lipid rafts, we globally analyzed dynamic changes in lipid raft proteins during TCR/CD28 costimulation using 2-D fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis. We detected multiple spots whose intensities were enhanced after costimulation, and identified proteins in these spots by PMF. Identified proteins include Src family tyrosine kinases, tyrosine phosphatase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase), actin-binding proteins, and regulators for small GTPases. Of particular interest, a number of pleckstrin homology (PH) domain-containing proteins were identified. Biochemical and histochemical analyses confirmed the translocation of these proteins from cytosol to lipid rafts. We also demonstrated that these proteins assembled at the T-cell/APC interface. These results indicate the efficacy of our system to systematically analyze dynamics of lipid raft proteins during extracellular stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michimoto Kobayashi
- Division of Cellular Proteomics (BML), Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Samson T, Will C, Knoblauch A, Sharek L, von der Mark K, Burridge K, Wixler V. Def-6, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac1, interacts with the skeletal muscle integrin chain alpha7A and influences myoblast differentiation. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:15730-42. [PMID: 17403664 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m611197200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin alpha7beta1 is the major laminin binding integrin receptor of muscle cells. The alpha7 chain occurs in several splice isoforms, of which alpha7A and alpha7B differ in their intracellular domains only. The fact that the expression of alpha7A and alpha7B is tightly regulated during skeletal muscle development suggests different and distinct roles for both isoforms. However, so far, functional properties and interacting proteins were described for the alpha7B chain only. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we have found that Def-6, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac1, binds to the intracellular domain of the alpha7A subunit. The specificity of the Def-6-alpha7A interaction has been shown by direct yeast two-hybrid binding assays and coprecipitation experiments. This is the first description of an alpha7A-specific and -exclusive interaction, because Def-6 did not bind to any other tested integrin cytoplasmic domain. Interestingly, the binding of Def-6 to alpha7A was abolished, when cells were cotransfected with an Src-related kinase, which is known to phosphorylate Def-6 and stimulate its exchange activity. We found expression of Def-6 was not only restricted to T-lymphocytes as described thus far but in a more widespread manner, including different muscle tissues. In cells, Def-6 is seen in newly forming cell protrusions and focal adhesions, and its localization partially overlaps with the alpha7A integrin receptor. C2C12 myoblasts overexpressing Def-6 show a delay of Rac1 inactivation during myogenic differentiation and abnormal myotube formation. Thus, our data suggest a role for Def-6 in the fine regulation of Rac1 during myogenesis with the integrin alpha7A chain guiding this regulation in a spatio-temporal manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Samson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Oka T, Ihara S, Fukui Y. Cooperation of DEF6 with activated Rac in regulating cell morphology. J Biol Chem 2006; 282:2011-8. [PMID: 17121847 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m605153200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho-family GTPases have been implicated in actin remodeling and subsequent morphologic changes in various cells. DEF6, a pleckstrin homology domain-containing protein, has been reported to regulate Rho-family GTPases as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor. Here, we demonstrate that DEF6 also has the property of cooperating with activated Rac1. DEF6 bound selectively to Rac1 loaded with GTP. The interaction is mediated by the effector domain of Rac1. Overexpression of GFP-DEF6 together with constitutively active Rac1 in COS-7 cells significantly changed their cell shape; this was not seen in the absence of activated Rac1. This effect of DEF6 on cellular morphology was shown to be independent of its guanine nucleotide exchange activity. Because DEF6 does not contain any sequences previously known to interact with Rac, we explored the domain necessary for the binding. The amino-terminal portion and central parts of DEF6 were required for the binding. Finally, we succeeded in creating mutants of DEF6 with point mutations in the amino-terminal portion, which abrogate the binding to activated Rac1. These mutants did not exhibit the morphologic change in COS-7 cells when they were co-expressed with activated Rac1. These results suggest that DEF6 not only activates Rho-family GTPases but also cooperates with activated Rac1 to exert its cellular function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Oka
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rikitake Y, Liao JK. Rho-kinase mediates hyperglycemia-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in vascular endothelial cells. Circulation 2005; 111:3261-8. [PMID: 15956119 PMCID: PMC2633592 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.105.534024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are associated with myocardial infarction and stroke, especially in patients with diabetes. The induction of PAI-1 expression by hyperglycemia involves oxidative stress and protein kinase C (PKC). However, the mechanism by which hyperglycemia increases PAI-1 expression is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Compared with normoglycemia, exposure of human endothelial cells to hyperglycemia, but not mannitol, increased Rho-kinase activity in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. This increase was inhibited by a PKC inhibitor, GF109203X, and antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and reduced form of glutathione (GSH). This correlated with inhibition of hyperglycemia-induced PAI-1 expression by GF109203X, NAC, and GSH. Hyperglycemia-increased PAI-1 mRNA and protein levels were inhibited by Rho-kinase inhibitors hydroxyfasudil and Y27632 and by a dominant-negative mutant of Rho-kinase. The mechanism for this inhibition occurs at the level of gene transcription because Rho-kinase inhibitors repress hyperglycemia-stimulated PAI-1 promoter activity without affecting mRNA stability. Hyperglycemia failed to stimulate Rho-kinase activity and PAI-1 expression in heterozygous ROCK I-knockout murine endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Hyperglycemia stimulates Rho-kinase activity via PKC- and oxidative stress-dependent pathways, leading to increased PAI-1 gene transcription. These results suggest that inhibition of ROCK I may be a novel therapeutic target for preventing thromboembolic complications of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Rikitake
- Vascular Medicine Research Unit, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rossman KL, Der CJ, Sondek J. GEF means go: turning on RHO GTPases with guanine nucleotide-exchange factors. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2005; 6:167-80. [PMID: 15688002 DOI: 10.1038/nrm1587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1330] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Guanine nucleotide-exchange factors (GEFs) are directly responsible for the activation of Rho-family GTPases in response to diverse extracellular stimuli, and ultimately regulate numerous cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation and movement. With 69 distinct homologues, Dbl-related GEFs represent the largest family of direct activators of Rho GTPases in humans, and they activate Rho GTPases within particular spatio-temporal contexts. The failure to do so can have significant consequences and is reflected in the aberrant function of Dbl-family GEFs in some human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kent L Rossman
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|