1
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Thornton M, Sommer N, McGonigle M, Ram AK, Yerrathota S, Ehirim H, Chaturvedi A, Phan JD, Chakraborty A, Chakravarthi PV, Gunewardena S, Tyagi M, Talreja J, Wang T, Singhal P, Tran PV, Fields TA, Ray PE, Dhillon NK, Sharma M. Notch3 deletion regulates HIV-1 gene expression and systemic inflammation to ameliorate chronic kidney disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.12.557484. [PMID: 37745500 PMCID: PMC10515825 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.12.557484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has decreased HIV-1 associated morbidity. However, despite ART, immune cells remain latently infected and slowly release viral proteins, leading to chronic inflammation and HIV-1 associated comorbidities. New strategies are needed to target viral proteins and inflammation. We found activation of Notch3 in several renal cells of the HIV-1 mouse model (HIV-Tg26) and in patients with HIV associated Nephropathy. We hypothesized that targeting Notch3 activation constitutes an effective therapy for HIV-related chronic kidney diseases (HIV-CKD). We generated HIV-Tg26 mice with Notch3 knocked out (Tg-N3KO). Compared to HIV-Tg26 mice at 3 months, HIV-Tg-N3KO mice showed a marked reduction in renal injury, skin lesions and mortality rate. Bulk RNA sequencing revealed that N3KO not only reduced renal infiltrating cells but significantly reduced the expression of HIV genes. Moreover, Notch3 activated the HIV- promoter and induction of HIV-1 resulted in increased Notch3 activation indicating a feedback mechanism. Further, bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) from HIV-Tg26 mice showed activation of Notch3 indicating systemic effects. Consistent with that, systemic levels of TNF-α, MCP-1 and other inflammatory chemokines and cytokines were reduced in Tg-N3KO mice. Thus, Notch3 inhibition/deletion has a dual therapeutic effect in HIV-CKD and may extend to other HIV-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Thornton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Nicole Sommer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Mercedes McGonigle
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Anil Kumar Ram
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Sireesha Yerrathota
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Henrietta Ehirim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Aakriti Chaturvedi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Johnny Dinh Phan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Anubhav Chakraborty
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Praveen V Chakravarthi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Mudit Tyagi
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jaya Talreja
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Pravin Singhal
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, New York, NY
| | - Pamela V Tran
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Timothy A Fields
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Patricio E Ray
- Child Health Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Navneet K Dhillon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Madhulika Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
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2
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Brisset M, Mehlen P, Meurette O, Hollande F. Notch receptor/ligand diversity: contribution to colorectal cancer stem cell heterogeneity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1231416. [PMID: 37860822 PMCID: PMC10582728 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1231416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell heterogeneity is a key contributor to therapeutic failure and post-treatment recurrence. Targeting cell subpopulations responsible for chemoresistance and recurrence seems to be an attractive approach to improve treatment outcome in cancer patients. However, this remains challenging due to the complexity and incomplete characterization of tumor cell subpopulations. The heterogeneity of cells exhibiting stemness-related features, such as self-renewal and chemoresistance, fuels this complexity. Notch signaling is a known regulator of cancer stem cell (CSC) features in colorectal cancer (CRC), though the effects of its heterogenous signaling on CRC cell stemness are only just emerging. In this review, we discuss how Notch ligand-receptor specificity contributes to regulating stemness, self-renewal, chemoresistance and cancer stem cells heterogeneity in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Brisset
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Meurette
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Hollande
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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3
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Rajeh A, Cornman HL, Gupta A, Szeto MD, Kambala A, Oladipo O, Parthasarathy V, Deng J, Wheelan S, Pritchard T, Kwatra MM, Semenov YR, Gusev A, Yegnasubramanian S, Kwatra SG. Somatic mutations reveal hyperactive Notch signaling and racial disparities in prurigo nodularis. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.09.25.23295810. [PMID: 37808834 PMCID: PMC10557842 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.25.23295810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that disproportionately affects African Americans and is characterized by pruritic skin nodules of unknown etiology. Little is known about genetic alterations in PN pathogenesis, especially relating to somatic events which are often implicated in inflammatory conditions. We thus performed whole-exome sequencing on 54 lesional and nonlesional skin biopsies from 17 PN patients and 10 atopic dermatitis (AD) patients for comparison. Somatic mutational analysis revealed that PN lesional skin harbors pervasive somatic mutations in fibrotic, neurotropic, and cancer-associated genes. Nonsynonymous mutations were most frequent in NOTCH1 and the Notch signaling pathway, a regulator of cellular proliferation and tissue fibrosis, and NOTCH1 mutations were absent in AD. Somatic copy-number analysis, combined with expression data, showed that recurrently deleted and downregulated genes in PN lesional skin are associated with axonal guidance and extension. Follow-up immunofluorescence validation demonstrated increased NOTCH1 expression in PN lesional skin fibroblasts and increased Notch signaling in PN lesional dermis. Finally, multi-center data revealed a significantly increased risk of NOTCH1-associated diseases in PN patients. In characterizing the somatic landscape of PN, we uncover novel insights into its pathophysiology and identify a role for dysregulated Notch signaling in PN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Rajeh
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hannah L Cornman
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anuj Gupta
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mindy D Szeto
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anusha Kambala
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olusola Oladipo
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Varsha Parthasarathy
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Junwen Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Wheelan
- Present affiliation: National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Pritchard
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Madan M Kwatra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yevgeniy R Semenov
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Gusev
- Division of Genetics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shawn G Kwatra
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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4
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Li SD, Xing W, Wang SC, Li YB, Jiang H, Zheng HX, Li XM, Yang J, Guo DB, Xie XY, Jiang RQ, Fan C, Li L, Xu X, Fei J. Fibulin2: a negative regulator of BMSC osteogenic differentiation in infected bone fracture healing. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:443-456. [PMID: 36797542 PMCID: PMC9981700 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone fracture remains a common occurrence, with a population-weighted incidence of approximately 3.21 per 1000. In addition, approximately 2% to 50% of patients with skeletal fractures will develop an infection, one of the causes of disordered bone healing. Dysfunction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) plays a key role in disordered bone repair. However, the specific mechanisms underlying BMSC dysfunction caused by bone infection are largely unknown. In this study, we discovered that Fibulin2 expression was upregulated in infected bone tissues and that BMSCs were the source of infection-induced Fibulin2. Importantly, Fibulin2 knockout accelerated mineralized bone formation during skeletal development and inhibited inflammatory bone resorption. We demonstrated that Fibulin2 suppressed BMSC osteogenic differentiation by binding to Notch2 and inactivating the Notch2 signaling pathway. Moreover, Fibulin2 knockdown restored Notch2 pathway activation and promoted BMSC osteogenesis; these outcomes were abolished by DAPT, a Notch inhibitor. Furthermore, transplanted Fibulin2 knockdown BMSCs displayed better bone repair potential in vivo. Altogether, Fibulin2 is a negative regulator of BMSC osteogenic differentiation that inhibits osteogenesis by inactivating the Notch2 signaling pathway in infected bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Dan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Chuan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Xuan Zheng
- Department of Nursing, Montreal Neurological Hospital, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- Department of Military Traffic Injury Prevention, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Bin Guo
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Qing Jiang
- Department for Combat Casualty Care Training, Training Base for Army Health Care, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Fan
- Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Fei
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Vázquez-Ulloa E, Lin KL, Lizano M, Sahlgren C. Reversible and bidirectional signaling of notch ligands. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 57:377-398. [PMID: 36048510 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2022.2113029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is a direct cell-cell communication system involved in a wide variety of biological processes, and its disruption is observed in several pathologies. The pathway is comprised of a ligand-expressing (sender) cell and a receptor-expressing (receiver) cell. The canonical ligands are members of the Delta/Serrate/Lag-1 (DSL) family of proteins. Their binding to a Notch receptor in a neighboring cell induces a conformational change in the receptor, which will undergo regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP), liberating the Notch intracellular domain (NICD). The NICD is translocated to the nucleus and promotes gene transcription. It has been demonstrated that the ligands can also undergo RIP and nuclear translocation, suggesting a function for the ligands in the sender cell and possible bidirectionality of the Notch pathway. Although the complete mechanism of ligand processing is not entirely understood, and its dependence on Notch receptors has not been ruled out. Also, ligands have autonomous functions beyond Notch activation. Here we review the concepts of reverse and bidirectional signalization of DSL proteins and discuss the characteristics that make them more than just ligands of the Notch pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elenaé Vázquez-Ulloa
- Faculty of Science and Engineering/Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Kai-Lan Lin
- Faculty of Science and Engineering/Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Marcela Lizano
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Medicina Genomica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Sahlgren
- Faculty of Science and Engineering/Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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6
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Zeronian MR, Klykov O, Portell I de Montserrat J, Konijnenberg MJ, Gaur A, Scheltema RA, Janssen BJC. Notch-Jagged signaling complex defined by an interaction mosaic. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2102502118. [PMID: 34301900 PMCID: PMC8325348 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102502118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling system links cellular fate to that of its neighbors, driving proliferation, apoptosis, and cell differentiation in metazoans, whereas dysfunction leads to debilitating developmental disorders and cancers. Other than a five-by-five domain complex, it is unclear how the 40 extracellular domains of the Notch1 receptor collectively engage the 19 domains of its canonical ligand, Jagged1, to activate Notch1 signaling. Here, using cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS), biophysical, and structural techniques on the full extracellular complex and targeted sites, we identify five distinct regions, two on Notch1 and three on Jagged1, that form an interaction network. The Notch1 membrane-proximal regulatory region individually binds to the established Notch1 epidermal growth factor (EGF) 8-EGF13 and Jagged1 C2-EGF3 activation sites as well as to two additional Jagged1 regions, EGF8-EGF11 and cysteine-rich domain. XL-MS and quantitative interaction experiments show that the three Notch1-binding sites on Jagged1 also engage intramolecularly. These interactions, together with Notch1 and Jagged1 ectodomain dimensions and flexibility, determined by small-angle X-ray scattering, support the formation of nonlinear architectures. Combined, the data suggest that critical Notch1 and Jagged1 regions are not distal but engage directly to control Notch1 signaling, thereby redefining the Notch1-Jagged1 activation mechanism and indicating routes for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu R Zeronian
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Oleg Klykov
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Júlia Portell I de Montserrat
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria J Konijnenberg
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anamika Gaur
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard A Scheltema
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert J C Janssen
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
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7
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Huang H, Zhang X, Lv J, Yang H, Wang X, Ma S, Shao R, Peng X, Lin Y, Rong Z. Cell-cell contact-induced gene editing/activation in mammalian cells using a synNotch-CRISPR/Cas9 system. Protein Cell 2020; 11:299-303. [PMID: 32002793 PMCID: PMC7093359 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jie Lv
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hongcheng Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xinlong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shufeng Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ruoyang Shao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xin Peng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ying Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Zhili Rong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, China.
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
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8
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Buonvino S, Melino S. New Consensus pattern in Spike CoV-2: potential implications in coagulation process and cell-cell fusion. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:134. [PMID: 33262894 PMCID: PMC7691694 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00372-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulopathy and syncytial formation are relevant effects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the underlying molecular mechanisms triggering these processes are not fully elucidated. Here, we identified a potential consensus pattern in the Spike S glycoprotein present within the cytoplasmic domain; this consensus pattern was detected in only 79 out of 561,000 proteins (UniProt bank). Interestingly, the pattern was present in both human and bat the coronaviruses S proteins, in many proteins involved in coagulation process, cell-cell interaction, protein aggregation and regulation of cell fate, such as von Willebrand factor, coagulation factor X, fibronectin and Notch, characterized by the presence of the cysteine-rich EGF-like domain. This finding may suggest functional similarities between the matched proteins and the CoV-2 S protein, implying a new possible involvement of the S protein in the molecular mechanism that leads to the coagulopathy and cell fusion in COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Buonvino
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Melino
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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9
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Ramirez J, Dilliott AA, Binns MA, Breen DP, Evans EC, Beaton D, McLaughlin PM, Kwan D, Holmes MF, Ozzoude M, Scott CJM, Strother SC, Symons S, Swartz RH, Grimes D, Jog M, Masellis M, Black SE, Joutel A, Marras C, Rogaeva E, Hegele RA, Lang AE. Parkinson's Disease, NOTCH3 Genetic Variants, and White Matter Hyperintensities. Mov Disord 2020; 35:2090-2095. [PMID: 32573853 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter hyperintensities (WMH) on magnetic resonance imaging may influence clinical presentation in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), although their significance and pathophysiological origins remain unresolved. Studies examining WMH have identified pathogenic variants in NOTCH3 as an underlying cause of inherited forms of cerebral small vessel disease. METHODS We examined NOTCH3 variants, WMH volumes, and clinical correlates in 139 PD patients in the Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative cohort. RESULTS We identified 13 PD patients (~9%) with rare (<1% of general population), nonsynonymous NOTCH3 variants. Bayesian linear modeling demonstrated a doubling of WMH between variant negative and positive patients (3.1 vs. 6.9 mL), with large effect sizes for periventricular WMH (d = 0.8) and lacunes (d = 1.2). Negative correlations were observed between WMH and global cognition (r = -0.2). CONCLUSION The NOTCH3 rare variants in PD may significantly contribute to increased WMH burden, which in turn may negatively influence cognition. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Ramirez
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allison A Dilliott
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Malcolm A Binns
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David P Breen
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Emily C Evans
- Mississauga Academy of Medicine, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Derek Beaton
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paula M McLaughlin
- Queen's University, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Kingston, Ontario.,Nova Scotia Health Authority, Dalhousie University, Department of Medicine-Geriatrics, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Donna Kwan
- Queen's University, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Kingston, Ontario
| | - Melissa F Holmes
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miracle Ozzoude
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher J M Scott
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sean Symons
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard H Swartz
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Neurology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Grimes
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mandar Jog
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Mario Masellis
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Neurology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra E Black
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Neurology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne Joutel
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Connie Marras
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Yamamoto S. Making sense out of missense mutations: Mechanistic dissection of Notch receptors through structure-function studies in Drosophila. Dev Growth Differ 2020; 62:15-34. [PMID: 31943162 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is involved in the development of almost all organ systems and is required post-developmentally to modulate tissue homeostasis. Rare variants in Notch signaling pathway genes are found in patients with rare Mendelian disorders, while unique or recurrent somatic mutations in a similar set of genes are identified in cancer. The human genome contains four genes that encode Notch receptors, NOTCH1-4, all of which are linked to genetic diseases and cancer. Although some mutations have been classified as clear loss- or gain-of-function alleles based on cellular or rodent based assay systems, the functional consequence of many variants/mutations in human Notch receptors remain unknown. In this review, I will first provide an overview of the domain structure of Notch receptors and discuss how each module is known to regulate Notch signaling activity in vivo using the Drosophila Notch receptor as an example. Next, I will introduce some interesting mutant alleles that have been isolated in the fly Notch gene over the past > 100 years of research and discuss how studies of these mutations have facilitated the understanding of Notch biology. By identifying unique alleles of the fly Notch gene through forward genetic screens, mapping their molecular lesions and characterizing their phenotypes in depth, one can begin to unravel new mechanistic insights into how different domains of Notch fine-tune signaling output. Such information can be useful in deciphering the functional consequences of rare variants/mutations in human Notch receptors, which in turn can influence disease management and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, BCM, Houston, TX, USA.,Program in Developmental Biology, BCM, Houston, TX, USA.,Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, BCM, Houston, TX, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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11
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Ceritinib-Induced Regression of an Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Driven Neuroepithelial Brain Tumor. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174267. [PMID: 31480400 PMCID: PMC6747232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway plays an important role in several brain tumor entities. However, the lack of inhibitors crossing the blood–brain barrier remains a significant obstacle for clinical translation. Here, we targeted the IGF pathway using ceritinib, an off-target inhibitor of the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) and insulin receptor (INSR), in a pediatric patient with an unclassified brain tumor and a notch receptor 1 (NOTCH1) germline mutation. Pathway analysis of the tumor revealed activation of the sonic hedgehog (SHH), the wingless and integrated-1 (WNT), the IGF, and the Notch pathway. The proliferation of the patient tumor cells (225ZL) was inhibited by arsenic trioxide (ATO), which is an inhibitor of the SHH pathway, by linsitinib, which is an inhibitor of IGF1R and INSR, and by ceritinib. 225ZL expressed INSR but not IGF1R at the protein level, and ceritinib blocked the phosphorylation of INSR. Our first personalized treatment included ATO, but because of side effects, we switched to ceritinib. After 46 days, we achieved a concentration of 1.70 µM of ceritinib in the plasma, and after 58 days, MRI confirmed that there was a response to the treatment. Ceritinib accumulated in the tumor at a concentration of 2.72 µM. Our data suggest ceritinib as a promising drug for the treatment of IGF-driven brain tumors.
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12
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Kremen1-induced cell death is regulated by homo- and heterodimerization. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:91. [PMID: 31069116 PMCID: PMC6494814 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, cell death pathways allow the removal of abnormal or unwanted cells. Their dysregulation can lead either to excessive elimination or to inappropriate cell survival. Evolutionary constraints ensure that such pathways are strictly regulated in order to restrain their activation to the appropriate context. We have previously shown that the transmembrane receptor Kremen1 behaves as a dependence receptor, triggering cell death unless bound to its ligand Dickkopf1. In this study, we reveal that Kremen1 apoptotic signaling requires homodimerization of the receptor. Dickkopf1 binding inhibits Kremen1 multimerization and alleviates cell death, whereas forced dimerization increases apoptotic signaling. Furthermore, we show that Kremen2, a paralog of Kremen1, which bears no intrinsic apoptotic activity, binds and competes with Kremen1. Consequently, Kremen2 is a very potent inhibitor of Kremen1-induced cell death. Kremen1 was proposed to act as a tumor suppressor, preventing cancer cell survival in a ligand-poor environment. We found that KREMEN2 expression is increased in a large majority of cancers, suggesting it may confer increased survival capacity. Consistently, low KREMEN2 expression is a good prognostic for patient survival in a variety of cancers.
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13
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Baron M. Combining genetic and biophysical approaches to probe the structure and function relationships of the notch receptor. Mol Membr Biol 2018; 34:33-49. [PMID: 30246579 DOI: 10.1080/09687688.2018.1503742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Notch is a conserved cell signalling receptor regulating many aspects of development and tissue homeostasis. Notch is activated by ligand-induced proteolytic cleavages that release the Notch intracellular domain, which relocates to the nucleus to regulate gene transcription. Proteolytic activation first requires mechanical force to be applied to the Notch extracellular domain through an endocytic pulling mechanism transmitted through the ligand/receptor interface. This exposes the proteolytic cleavage site allowing the signal to be initiated following removal of the Notch extracellular domain. Ligands can also act, when expressed in the same cell, through non-productive cis-interactions to inhibit Notch activity. Furthermore, ligand selectivity and Notch activation are regulated by numerous post-translational modifications of the extracellular domain. Additional non-canonical trans and cis interactions with other regulatory proteins may modulate alternative mechanisms of Notch activation that depend on endocytic trafficking of the full-length receptor and proteolytic release of the intracellular domain from endo-lysosomal surface. Mutations of Notch, located in different regions of the protein, are associated with a spectrum of different loss and gain of function phenotypes and offer the possibility to dissect distinct regulatory interactions and mechanisms, particularly when combined with detailed structural analysis of Notch in complex with various regulatory partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Baron
- a School of Biological Sciences , University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
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14
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Pei J, Kinch LN, Grishin NV. FlyXCDB—A Resource for Drosophila Cell Surface and Secreted Proteins and Their Extracellular Domains. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3353-3411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Xia M, Harb H, Saffari A, Sioutas C, Chatila TA. A Jagged 1-Notch 4 molecular switch mediates airway inflammation induced by ultrafine particles. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1243-1256.e17. [PMID: 29627423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to traffic-related particulate matter promotes asthma and allergic diseases. However, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms by which particulate matter exposure acts to mediate these effects remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to elucidate the cellular targets and signaling pathways critical for augmentation of allergic airway inflammation induced by ambient ultrafine particles (UFP). METHODS We used in vitro cell-culture assays with lung-derived antigen-presenting cells and allergen-specific T cells and in vivo mouse models of allergic airway inflammation with myeloid lineage-specific gene deletions, cellular reconstitution approaches, and antibody inhibition studies. RESULTS We identified lung alveolar macrophages (AM) as the key cellular target of UFP in promoting airway inflammation. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent induction of Jagged 1 (Jag1) expression in AM was necessary and sufficient for augmentation of allergic airway inflammation by UFP. UFP promoted TH2 and TH17 cell differentiation of allergen-specific T cells in a Jag1- and Notch 4-dependent manner. Treatment of mice with an anti-Notch 4 antibody abrogated exacerbation of allergic airway inflammation induced by UFP. CONCLUSION UFP exacerbate allergic airway inflammation by promoting a Jag1-Notch 4-dependent interaction between AM and allergen-specific T cells, leading to augmented TH cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcan Xia
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Hani Harb
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Arian Saffari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Talal A Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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16
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Spannl S, Kumichel A, Hebbar S, Kapp K, Gonzalez-Gaitan M, Winkler S, Blawid R, Jessberger G, Knust E. The Crumbs_C isoform of Drosophila shows tissue- and stage-specific expression and prevents light-dependent retinal degeneration. Biol Open 2017; 6:165-175. [PMID: 28202468 PMCID: PMC5312091 DOI: 10.1242/bio.020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila Crumbs (Crb) is a key regulator of epithelial polarity and fulfils a plethora of other functions, such as growth regulation, morphogenesis of photoreceptor cells and prevention of retinal degeneration. This raises the question how a single gene regulates such diverse functions, which in mammals are controlled by three different paralogs. Here, we show that in Drosophila different Crb protein isoforms are differentially expressed as a result of alternative splicing. All isoforms are transmembrane proteins that differ by just one EGF-like repeat in their extracellular portion. Unlike Crb_A, which is expressed in most embryonic epithelia from early stages onward, Crb_C is expressed later and only in a subset of embryonic epithelia. Flies specifically lacking Crb_C are homozygous viable and fertile. Strikingly, these flies undergo light-dependent photoreceptor degeneration despite the fact that the other isoforms are expressed and properly localised at the stalk membrane. This allele now provides an ideal possibility to further unravel the molecular mechanisms by which Drosophila crb protects photoreceptor cells from the detrimental consequences of light-induced cell stress. Summary: Loss of Crb_C, one protein isoform encoded by Drosophila crumbs, results in light-dependent retinal degeneration, but does not affect any of the other crumbs-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Spannl
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kumichel
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Sarita Hebbar
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Katja Kapp
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Marcos Gonzalez-Gaitan
- Department of Biochemistry, Sciences II, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland
| | - Sylke Winkler
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Rosana Blawid
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Gregor Jessberger
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Knust
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
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17
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Karakawa M, Komine M, Hanakawa Y, Tsuda H, Sayama K, Tamaki K, Ohtsuki M. CCL27 Is Downregulated by Interferon Gamma via Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1935-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Karakawa
- Department of Dermatology; University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
- Department of Dermatology; Jichi Medical University; Shimotsuke Tochigi Japan
| | - Mayumi Komine
- Department of Dermatology; University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
- Department of Dermatology; Jichi Medical University; Shimotsuke Tochigi Japan
| | - Yasushi Hanakawa
- Department of Dermatology; University of Ehime; Tou-on-shi Ehime Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tsuda
- Department of Dermatology; Jichi Medical University; Shimotsuke Tochigi Japan
| | - Koji Sayama
- Department of Dermatology; University of Ehime; Tou-on-shi Ehime Japan
| | - Kunihiko Tamaki
- Department of Dermatology; University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Mamitaro Ohtsuki
- Department of Dermatology; Jichi Medical University; Shimotsuke Tochigi Japan
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18
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Min XH, Yu T, Qing Q, Yuan YH, Zhong W, Chen GC, Zhao LN, Deng N, Zhang LF, Chen QK. Abnormal differentiation of intestinal epithelium and intestinal barrier dysfunction in diabetic mice associated with depressed Notch/NICD transduction in Notch/Hes1 signal pathway. Cell Biol Int 2014; 38:1194-204. [PMID: 24890925 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Proliferative change and intestinal barrier dysfunction in intestinal mucosa of diabetes have been described, but the differentiation characteristics of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and the mechanisms in the IECs development remain unclear. To explore the intestinal epithelial constitution patterns and barrier function, the diabetic mouse model was induced by streptozotocin. Tight junctions between IECs were significantly damaged and the serum level of D-lactate was raised in diabetic mice (P < 0.05). The expression of Zo1 and Ocln in the small intestine of diabetic mice were lower, while the markers for absorptive cell (SI) and Paneth cell (Lyz1) were significantly higher than in control mice (P < 0.05). The expression of Msi1, Notch1, and Dll1 in small intestine gradually increased throughout the course of hyperglycemia in diabetic mice (P < 0.05). However, the expression of NICD, RBP-jκ, Math1, and Hes1 had a reverse trend compared with Msi1 and Notch1. Intestinal absorptive cells and Paneth cells had a high proliferation rate in diabetic mice. However, the intestinal barrier dysfunction associated with the decreased expressions of Zo1 and Ocln was detected throughout hyperglycemia. In conclusion, downregulation of Notch/Hes1 signal pathway caused by depressed Notch/NICD transduction is associated with the abnormal differentiation of IECs and intestinal barrier dysfunction in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Min
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China
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19
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James AC, Szot JO, Iyer K, Major JA, Pursglove SE, Chapman G, Dunwoodie SL. Notch4 reveals a novel mechanism regulating Notch signal transduction. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:1272-84. [PMID: 24667410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Notch4 is a divergent member of the Notch family of receptors that is primarily expressed in the vasculature. Its expression implies an important role for Notch4 in the vasculature; however, mice homozygous for the Notch4(d1) knockout allele are viable. Since little is known about the role of Notch4 in the vasculature and how it functions, we further investigated Notch4 in mice and in cultured cells. We found that the Notch4(d1) allele is not null as it expresses a truncated transcript encoding most of the NOTCH4 extracellular domain. In cultured cells, NOTCH4 did not signal in response to ligand. Moreover, NOTCH4 inhibited signalling from the NOTCH1 receptor. This is the first report of cis-inhibition of signalling by another Notch receptor. The NOTCH4 extracellular domain also inhibits NOTCH1 signalling when expressed in cis, raising the possibility that reported Notch4 phenotypes may not be due to loss of NOTCH4 function. To better address the role of NOTCH4 in vivo, we generated a Notch4 null mouse in which the entire coding region was deleted. Notch4 null mice exhibited slightly delayed vessel growth in the retina, consistent with our novel finding that NOTCH4 protein is expressed in the newly formed vasculature. These findings indicate a role of NOTCH4 in fine-tuning the forming vascular plexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C James
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.
| | - J O Szot
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.
| | - K Iyer
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.
| | - J A Major
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.
| | - S E Pursglove
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.
| | - G Chapman
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.
| | - S L Dunwoodie
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.
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20
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Antibodies against the extracellular domain of human Notch1 receptor reveal the critical role of epidermal-growth-factor-like repeats 25-26 in ligand binding and receptor activation. Biochem J 2013; 449:519-30. [PMID: 23072667 DOI: 10.1042/bj20121153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The Notch signalling pathway is implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes throughout metazoan development. Although the downstream mechanism of Notch signalling has been extensively studied, the details of its ligand-mediated receptor activation are not clearly understood. Although the role of Notch ELRs [EGF (epidermal growth factor)-like-repeats] 11-12 in ligand binding is known, recent studies have suggested interactions within different ELRs of the Notch receptor whose significance remains to be understood. Here, we report critical inter-domain interactions between human Notch1 ELRs 21-30 and the ELRs 11-15 that are modulated by calcium. Surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed that the interaction between ELRs 21-30 and ELRs 11-15 is ~10-fold stronger than that between ELRs 11-15 and the ligands. Although there was no interaction between Notch1 ELRs 21-30 and the ligands in vitro, addition of pre-clustered Jagged1Fc resulted in the dissociation of the preformed complex between ELRs 21-30 and 11-15, suggesting that inter-domain interactions compete for ligand binding. Furthermore, the antibodies against ELRs 21-30 inhibited ligand binding to the full-length Notch1 and subsequent receptor activation, with the antibodies against ELRs 25-26 being the most effective. These results suggest that the ELRs 25-26 represent a cryptic ligand-binding site which becomes exposed only upon the presence of the ligand. Thus, using specific antibodies against various domains of the Notch1 receptor, we demonstrate that, although ELRs 11-12 are the principal ligand-binding site, the ELRs 25-26 serve as a secondary binding site and play an important role in receptor activation.
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21
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Sharma M, Magenheimer LK, Home T, Tamano KN, Singhal PC, Hyink DP, Klotman PE, Vanden Heuvel GB, Fields TA. Inhibition of Notch pathway attenuates the progression of human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 304:F1127-36. [PMID: 23389453 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00475.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade that is critical in kidney development and has also been shown to play a pathogenetic role in a variety of kidney diseases. We have previously shown that the Notch signaling pathway is activated in human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) as well as in a rat model of the disease. In this study, we examined Notch signaling in the well established Tg26 mouse model of HIVAN. Notch signaling components were distinctly upregulated in the kidneys of these mice as well as in immortalized podocytes derived from these mice. Notch1 and Notch4 were upregulated in the Tg26 glomeruli, and Notch4 was also expressed in tubules. Notch ligands Jagged1, Jagged2, Delta-like1, and Delta-like 4 were all upregulated in the tubules of Tg26 mice, but glomeruli showed minimal expression of Notch ligands. To examine a potential pathogenetic role for Notch in HIVAN, Tg26 mice were treated with GSIXX, a gamma secretase inhibitor that blocks Notch signaling. Strikingly, GSIXX treatment resulted in significant improvement in both histological kidney injury scores and renal function. GSIXX-treated Tg26 mice also showed diminished podocyte proliferation and dedifferentiation, cellular hallmarks of the disease. Moreover, GSIXX blocked podocyte proliferation in vitro induced by HIV proteins Nef and Tat. These studies suggest that Notch signaling can promote HIVAN progression and that Notch inhibition may be a viable treatment strategy for HIVAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhulika Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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22
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Sykes AM, Palstra N, Abankwa D, Hill JM, Skeldal S, Matusica D, Venkatraman P, Hancock JF, Coulson EJ. The effects of transmembrane sequence and dimerization on cleavage of the p75 neurotrophin receptor by γ-secretase. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:43810-24. [PMID: 23105112 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.382903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleavage of transmembrane receptors by γ-secretase is the final step in the process of regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) and has a significant impact on receptor function. Although relatively little is known about the molecular mechanism of γ-secretase enzymatic activity, it is becoming clear that substrate dimerization and/or the α-helical structure of the substrate can regulate the site and rate of γ-secretase activity. Here we show that the transmembrane domain of the pan-neurotrophin receptor p75(NTR), best known for regulating neuronal death, is sufficient for its homodimerization. Although the p75(NTR) ligands NGF and pro-NGF do not induce homerdimerization or RIP, homodimers of p75(NTR) are γ-secretase substrates. However, dimerization is not a requirement for p75(NTR) cleavage, suggesting that γ-secretase has the ability to recognize and cleave each receptor molecule independently. The transmembrane cysteine 257, which mediates covalent p75(NTR) interactions, is not crucial for homodimerization, but this residue is required for normal rates of γ-secretase cleavage. Similarly, mutation of the residues alanine 262 and glycine 266 of an AXXXG dimerization motif flanking the γ-secretase cleavage site within the p75(NTR) transmembrane domain alters the orientation of the domain and inhibits γ-secretase cleavage of p75(NTR). Nonetheless, heteromer interactions of p75(NTR) with TrkA increase full-length p75(NTR) homodimerization, which in turn potentiates the rate of γ-cleavage following TrkA activation independently of rates of α-cleavage. These results provide support for the idea that the helical structure of the p75(NTR) transmembrane domain, which may be affected by co-receptor interactions, is a key element in γ-secretase-catalyzed cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Sykes
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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23
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Meng H, Zhang X, Yu G, Lee SJ, Chen YE, Prudovsky I, Wang MM. Biochemical characterization and cellular effects of CADASIL mutants of NOTCH3. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44964. [PMID: 23028706 PMCID: PMC3445613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the best understood cause of dominantly inherited stroke and results from NOTCH3 mutations that lead to NOTCH3 protein accumulation and selective arterial smooth muscle degeneration. Previous studies show that NOTCH3 protein forms multimers. Here, we investigate protein interactions between NOTCH3 and other vascular Notch isoforms and characterize the effects of elevated NOTCH3 on smooth muscle gene regulation. We demonstrate that NOTCH3 forms heterodimers with NOTCH1, NOTCH3, and NOTCH4. R90C and C49Y mutant NOTCH3 form complexes which are more resistant to detergents than wild type NOTCH3 complexes. Using quantitative NOTCH3-luciferase clearance assays, we found significant inhibition of mutant NOTCH3 clearance. In coculture assays of NOTCH function, overexpressed wild type and mutant NOTCH3 significantly repressed NOTCH-regulated smooth muscle transcripts and potently impaired the activity of three independent smooth muscle promoters. Wildtype and R90C recombinant NOTCH3 proteins applied to cell cultures also blocked canonical Notch fuction. We conclude that CADASIL mutants of NOTCH3 complex with NOTCH1, 3, and 4, slow NOTCH3 clearance, and that overexpressed wild type and mutant NOTCH3 protein interfere with key NOTCH-mediated functions in smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Meng
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Genggeng Yu
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Soo Jung Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Y. Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Igor Prudovsky
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
| | - Michael M. Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Neurology Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Matsuoka K, Matsuzaka K, Yoshinari M, Inoue T. Tenascin-C promotes differentiation of rat dental pulp cellsin vitro. Int Endod J 2012; 46:30-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02089.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. Yoshinari
- Oral Health Science Center HRC7; Tokyo Dental College; Chiba, Tokyo; and; Japan
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Gonçalves R, Martins MCL, Oliveira MJ, Almeida-Porada G, Barbosa MA. Bioactivity of immobilized EGF on self-assembled monolayers: optimization of the immobilization process. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 94:576-85. [PMID: 20198690 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Last trends in Biomaterials focus the mimic of cellular environments capable to control cellular responses. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a pleiotropic cytokine known to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. This study aims to optimize the immobilization of EGF on 11-mercapto-1-undecyl-tetra(ethylene)glycol (EG4)-self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and to establish a new model surface to study EGF-mediated signaling. Gold substrates were modified with a monolayer of EG4 and N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) was used to activate hydroxyl terminated groups of EG4-SAMs. EGF was then immobilized on activated EG4-SAMs at pH 7.4, 4 degrees C, and 100 rpm. Different immobilization reaction times were tested as well as different CDI concentrations to optimize the reaction conditions and obtain a range of immobilized EGF concentrations on the surfaces. Surface characterization of EGF-SAMs was performed using radiolabeling, water contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and ELISA. Phosphorylation of EGFR on BT-20 breast cancer cell line by EGF-SAMs was tested by immunostaining. EGF was successfully immobilized on EG4-SAMs, at 4 degrees C and pH 7.4 in a range of concentrations from 3.6 +/- 0.8 to 17.6 +/- 1.5 ng/cm(2). The concentration of EGF increases with immobilization time and with the CDI concentration reaching the maximum for surfaces activated with 30 mg/mL of CDI after 48 h. The bioactivity of EGF-SAMs was confirmed by immunostaining of phospho-EGFR of BT-20 cells. This study described EGF immobilization on EG4-SAMs at different concentrations, which could be important surface models to study specific protein interactions at the molecular level evolving EGF-family of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gonçalves
- INEB, Biomaterials Division, NEWTherapies Group, R. Campo Alegre, 823, Porto 4150-180, Portugal.
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Periostin associates with Notch1 precursor to maintain Notch1 expression under a stress condition in mouse cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12234. [PMID: 20805882 PMCID: PMC2923609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Matricellular proteins, including periostin, modulate cell-matrix interactions and cell functions by acting outside of cells. Methods and Findings In this study, however, we reported that periostin physically associates with the Notch1 precursor at its EGF repeats in the inside of cells. Moreover, by using the periodontal ligament of molar from periostin-deficient adult mice (Pn−/− molar PDL), which is a constitutively mechanically stressed tissue, we found that periostin maintained the site-1 cleaved 120-kDa transmembrane domain of Notch1 (N1™) level without regulating Notch1 mRNA expression. N1™ maintenance in vitro was also observed under such a stress condition as heat and H2O2 treatment in periostin overexpressed cells. Furthermore, we found that the expression of a downstream effector of Notch signaling, Bcl-xL was decreased in the Pn−/− molar PDL, and in the molar movement, cell death was enhanced in the pressure side of Pn−/− molar PDL. Conclusion These results suggest the possibility that periostin inhibits cell death through up-regulation of Bcl-xL expression by maintaining the Notch1 protein level under the stress condition, which is caused by its physical association with the Notch1 precursor.
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Kelly DF, Lake RJ, Middelkoop TC, Fan HY, Artavanis-Tsakonas S, Walz T. Molecular structure and dimeric organization of the Notch extracellular domain as revealed by electron microscopy. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10532. [PMID: 20479883 PMCID: PMC2866536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Notch receptor links cell fate decisions of one cell to that of the immediate cellular neighbor. In humans, malfunction of Notch signaling results in diseases and congenital disorders. Structural information is essential for gaining insight into the mechanism of the receptor as well as for potentially interfering with its function for therapeutic purposes. Methodology/Principal Findings We used the Affinity Grid approach to prepare specimens of the Notch extracellular domain (NECD) of the Drosophila Notch and human Notch1 receptors suitable for analysis by electron microscopy and three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction. The resulting 3D density maps reveal that the NECD structure is conserved across species. We show that the NECD forms a dimer and adopts different yet defined conformations, and we identify the membrane-proximal region of the receptor and its ligand-binding site. Conclusions/Significance Our results provide direct and unambiguous evidence that the NECD forms a dimer. Our studies further show that the NECD adopts at least three distinct conformations that are likely related to different functional states of the receptor. These findings open the way to now correlate mutations in the NECD with its oligomeric state and conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah F. Kelly
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Lake
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Teije C. Middelkoop
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hua-Ying Fan
- Epigenetics and Progenitor Cells Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Spyros Artavanis-Tsakonas
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SA-T); (TW)
| | - Thomas Walz
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SA-T); (TW)
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28
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Ge C, Stanley P. Effects of varying Notch1 signal strength on embryogenesis and vasculogenesis in compound mutant heterozygotes. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2010; 10:36. [PMID: 20346184 PMCID: PMC2865454 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-10-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Identifying developmental processes regulated by Notch1 can be addressed in part by characterizing mice with graded levels of Notch1 signaling strength. Here we examine development in embryos expressing various combinations of Notch1 mutant alleles. Mice homozygous for the hypomorphic Notch112f allele, which removes the single O-fucose glycan in epidermal growth factor-like repeat 12 (EGF12) of the Notch1 ligand binding domain (lbd), exhibit reduced growth after weaning and defective T cell development. Mice homozygous for the inactive Notch1lbd allele express Notch1 missing an ~20 kDa internal segment including the canonical Notch1 ligand binding domain, and die at embryonic day ~E9.5. The embryonic and vascular phenotypes of compound heterozygous Notch112f/lbd embryos were compared with Notch1+/12f, Notch112f/12f, and Notch1lbd/lbd embryos. Embryonic stem (ES) cells derived from these embryos were also examined in Notch signaling assays. While Notch1 signaling was stronger in Notch112f/lbd compound heterozygotes compared to Notch1lbd/lbd embryos and ES cells, Notch1 signaling was even stronger in embryos carrying Notch112f and a null Notch1 allele. Results Mouse embryos expressing the hypomorphic Notch112f allele, in combination with the inactive Notch1lbd allele which lacks the Notch1 ligand binding domain, died at ~E11.5-12.5. Notch112f/lbd ES cells signaled less well than Notch112f/12f ES cells but more strongly than Notch1lbd/lbd ES cells. However, vascular defects in Notch112f/lbd yolk sac were severe and similar to Notch1lbd/lbd yolk sac. By contrast, vascular disorganization was milder in Notch112f/lbd compared to Notch1lbd/lbd embryos. The expression of Notch1 target genes was low in Notch112f/lbd yolk sac and embryo head, whereas Vegf and Vegfr2 transcripts were increased. The severity of the compound heterozygous Notch112f/lbd yolk sac phenotype suggested that the allelic products may functionally interact. By contrast, compound heterozygotes with Notch112f in combination with a Notch1 null allele (Notch1tm1Con) were capable of surviving to birth. Conclusions Notch1 signaling in Notch112f/lbd compound heterozygous embryos is more defective than in compound heterozygotes expressing a hypomorphic Notch112f allele and a Notch1 null allele. The data suggest that the gene products Notch1lbd and Notch112f interact to reduce the activity of Notch112f.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Ge
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY-10461, USA
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Mironova E, Stockand JD. Activation of a latent nuclear localization signal in the NH2 terminus of γ-ENaC initiates feedback regulation of channel activity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2010; 298:F1188-96. [PMID: 20147367 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00600.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic enzymes cleave the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) at several positions releasing, in part, the NH(2) terminus of the γ-subunit. Cleavage increases ENaC activity by increasing open probability; however, the role of polypeptides cleaved from the channel core remains unclear. We find that the cytosolic NH(2) terminus of γ-ENaC unexpectedly targets to the nucleus being particularly strong in nucleoli. In contrast, the cytosolic COOH terminus targets to the cytoplasm and plasma membrane in a manner similar to full-length subunits. Targeting of the cytosolic NH(2) terminus of γ-ENaC to the nucleus has functional consequences for coexpression of eGFP-fusion proteins containing this segment of the channel, but not the COOH terminus, decrease ENaC activity in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanism of this negative regulation is associated with a decrease in the functional half-life of ENaC at the plasma membrane. Inspection of the primary amino acid sequence of γ-ENaC reveals possible nuclear localization signals (NLS) conserved at the extreme NH(2) terminus and just preceding the first transmembrane domain. Disruption of the putative NLS preceding the first transmembrane domain in γ-ENaC but not that at the extreme NH(2) terminus abolishes both targeting to the nucleus and negative regulation of ENaC activity. These findings are consistent with the release of the NH(2) terminus of γ-ENaC following cleavage being functionally important for signaling to the nucleus in a manner similar to Notch signaling and release of the cytosolic COOH-terminal tail of polycystin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mironova
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
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Watanabe K, Nagaoka T, Lee JM, Bianco C, Gonzales M, Castro NP, Rangel MC, Sakamoto K, Sun Y, Callahan R, Salomon DS. Enhancement of Notch receptor maturation and signaling sensitivity by Cripto-1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 187:343-53. [PMID: 19948478 PMCID: PMC2779239 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200905105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cripto-1 associates with Notch1 in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi to enhance Notch1 localization to lipid rafts and its maturation. Nodal and Notch signaling pathways play essential roles in vertebrate development. Through a yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified Notch3 as a candidate binding partner of the Nodal coreceptor Cripto-1. Coimmunoprecipitation analysis confirmed the binding of Cripto-1 with all four mammalian Notch receptors. Deletion analyses revealed that the binding of Cripto-1 and Notch1 is mediated by the Cripto-1/FRL-1/Cryptic domain of Cripto-1 and the C-terminal region of epidermal growth factor–like repeats of Notch1. Binding of Cripto-1 to Notch1 occurred mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi network. Cripto-1 expression resulted in the recruitment of Notch1 protein into lipid raft microdomains and enhancement of the furin-like protein convertase-mediated proteolytic maturation of Notch1 (S1 cleavage). Enhanced S1 cleavage resulted in the sensitization to ligand-induced activation of Notch signaling. In addition, knockdown of Cripto-1 expression in human and mouse embryonal carcinoma cells desensitized the ligand-induced Notch signaling activation. These results suggest a novel role of Cripto-1 in facilitating the posttranslational maturation of Notch receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Watanabe
- Mammary Biology and Tumorigenesis Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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31
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Hanington PC, Lun CM, Adema CM, Loker ES. Time series analysis of the transcriptional responses of Biomphalaria glabrata throughout the course of intramolluscan development of Schistosoma mansoni and Echinostoma paraensei. Int J Parasitol 2010; 40:819-31. [PMID: 20083115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Successful colonization of a compatible snail host by a digenetic trematode miracidium initiates a complex, proliferative development program requiring weeks to reach culmination in the form of production of cercariae which, once started, may persist for the remainder of the life span of the infected snail. How are such proliferative and invasive parasites able to circumvent host defenses and establish chronic infections? Using a microarray designed to monitor the internal defense and stress-related responses of the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata, we have undertaken a time course study to monitor snail responses following exposure to two different trematode species to which the snail is susceptible: the medically important Schistosoma mansoni, exemplifying sporocyst production in its larval development, or Echinostoma paraensei, representing an emphasis on rediae production in its larval development. We sampled eight time points (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 days p.i.) that cover the period required for cercariae to be produced. Following exposure to S. mansoni, there was a preponderance of up-regulated over down-regulated array features through 2 days p.i. but by 4 days p.i. and thereafter, this pattern was strongly reversed. For E. paraensei, there was a preponderance of down-regulated array features over up-regulated features at even 0.5 days p.i., a pattern that persists throughout the course of infection except for 1 day p.i., when up-regulated array features slightly outnumbered down-regulated features. Examination of particular array features revealed several that were up-regulated by both parasites early in the course of infection and one, fibrinogen related protein 4 (FREP 4), that remained significantly elevated throughout the course of infection with either parasite, effectively serving as a marker of infection. Many defense-related transcripts were persistently down-regulated, including several fibrinogen-containing lectins and homologs of molecules best known from vertebrate phagocytic cells. Our results are consistent with earlier studies suggesting that both parasites are able to interfere with host defense responses, including a tendency for E. paraensei to do so more rapidly and strongly than S. mansoni. They further suggest mechanisms for how trematodes are able to establish the chronic infections necessary for their continued success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Hanington
- Center for Theoretical and Evolutionary Immunology (CETI), Department of Biology, MSC03 2020, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Opherk C, Duering M, Peters N, Karpinska A, Rosner S, Schneider E, Bader B, Giese A, Dichgans M. CADASIL mutations enhance spontaneous multimerization of NOTCH3. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18:2761-7. [PMID: 19417009 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the most common monogenic cause of stroke and vascular dementia. Disease-causing mutations invariably affect cysteine residues within epidermal growth factor-like repeat domains in the extracellular domain of the NOTCH3 receptor (N3(ECD)). The biochemical and histopathological hallmark of CADASIL is the accumulation of N3(ECD) at the cell surface of vascular smooth muscle cells which degenerate over the course of the disease. The molecular mechanisms leading to N3(ECD) accumulation remain unknown. Here we show that both wild-type and CADASIL-mutated N3(ECD) spontaneously form oligomers and higher order multimers in vitro and that multimerization is mediated by disulfide bonds. Using single-molecule analysis techniques ('scanning for intensely fluorescent targets'), we demonstrate that CADASIL-associated mutations significantly enhance multimerization compared with wild-type. Taken together, our results for the first time provide experimental evidence for N3 self-association and strongly argue for a neomorphic effect of CADASIL mutations in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Opherk
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Yamaguchi A, Sakamoto K, Minamizato T, Katsube K, Nakanishi S. Regulation of osteoblast differentiation mediated by BMP, Notch, and CCN3/NOV. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2007.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Sakamoto K, Tamamura Y, Katsube KI, Yamaguchi A. Zfp64 participates in Notch signaling and regulates differentiation in mesenchymal cells. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:1613-23. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.023119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is required for multiple aspects of tissue and cell differentiation. In this study, we identified zinc finger protein 64 (Zfp64) as a novel coactivator of Notch1. Zfp64 is associated with the intracellular domain of Notch1, recruited to the promoters of the Notch target genes Hes1 and Hey1, and transactivates them. Zfp64 expression is under the control of Runx2, and is upregulated by direct transactivation of its promoter. Zfp64 suppresses the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells and promotes their osteoblastic differentiation. Our data demonstrate two functions of Zfp64: (1) it is a downstream target of Runx2 and, (2) its cognate protein acts as a coactivator of Notch1, which suggests that Zfp64 mediates mesenchymal cell differentiation by modulating Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Sakamoto
- Section of Oral Pathology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tamamura
- Section of Oral Pathology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Katsube
- Section of Oral Pathology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Akira Yamaguchi
- Section of Oral Pathology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
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Dimorphic effects of Notch signaling in bone homeostasis. Nat Med 2008; 14:299-305. [PMID: 18297084 DOI: 10.1038/nm1712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling is a key mechanism in the control of embryogenesis. However, its in vivo function during mesenchymal cell differentiation, and, specifically, in bone homeostasis, remains largely unknown. Here, we show that osteoblast-specific gain of Notch function causes severe osteosclerosis owing to increased proliferation of immature osteoblasts. Under these pathological conditions, Notch stimulates early osteoblastic proliferation by upregulating the genes encoding cyclin D, cyclin E and Sp7 (osterix). The intracellular domain of Notch1 also regulates terminal osteoblastic differentiation by directly binding Runx2 and repressing its transactivation function. In contrast, loss of all Notch signaling in osteoblasts, generated by deletion of the genes encoding presenilin-1 and presenilin-2 in bone, is associated with late-onset, age-related osteoporosis, which in turn results from increased osteoblast-dependent osteoclastic activity due to decreased osteoprotegerin mRNA expression in these cells. Together, these findings highlight the potential dimorphic effects of Notch signaling in bone homeostasis and may provide direction for novel therapeutic applications.
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Mason TA, McIlroy PJ, Shain DH. Structural model of an antistasin/notch-like fusion protein from the cocoon wall of the aquatic leech, Theromyzon tessulatum. J Mol Model 2006; 12:829-34. [PMID: 16523290 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-006-0107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2005] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aquatic leech, Theromyzon tessulatum, secretes a proteinaceous cocoon with extraordinary physical properties (e.g., proteolytic, thermal resiliency). The deduced amino acid sequence of a major protein (Tcp-Theromyzon cocoon protein) from the T. tessulatum cocoon wall has been used to model the endogenous structure of the Tcp protein. The Tcp protein sequence comprises six internal repeats, each containing 12 ordered Cys residues. Amino acid alignments suggest that the region Cys1-->6 is homologous to antistasin, a leech anticoagulant, and Cys7-->12 is homologous to an epidermal growth factor-like domain found in notch-class proteins, which play critical roles in development, signaling, and adhesion throughout the Animalia. Modeling of individual domains (i.e., antistasin and notch) positions multiple hydrophobic and charged residues on the surface. When the antistasin and notch domains were fused, hydrophobic pockets appeared that may facilitate a polymerization mechanism. Collectively, the predicted features of our Tcp model are consistent with the physical properties of the leech cocoon wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarin A Mason
- Biology Department, The State University of New Jersey, 315 Penn Street, Rutgers, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
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