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Eberhard D, Balkenhol S, Köster A, Follert P, Upschulte E, Ostermann P, Kirschner P, Uhlemeyer C, Charnay I, Preuss C, Trenkamp S, Belgardt BF, Dickscheid T, Esposito I, Roden M, Lammert E. Semaphorin-3A regulates liver sinusoidal endothelial cell porosity and promotes hepatic steatosis. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2024; 3:734-753. [PMID: 39196233 PMCID: PMC11358038 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-024-00487-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, increases worldwide and associates with type 2 diabetes and other cardiometabolic diseases. Here we demonstrate that Sema3a is elevated in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells of animal models for obesity, type 2 diabetes and MASLD. In primary human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, saturated fatty acids induce expression of SEMA3A, and loss of a single allele is sufficient to reduce hepatic fat content in diet-induced obese mice. We show that semaphorin-3A regulates the number of fenestrae through a signaling cascade that involves neuropilin-1 and phosphorylation of cofilin-1 by LIM domain kinase 1. Finally, inducible vascular deletion of Sema3a in adult diet-induced obese mice reduces hepatic fat content and elevates very low-density lipoprotein secretion. Thus, we identified a molecular pathway linking hyperlipidemia to microvascular defenestration and early development of MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eberhard
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sydney Balkenhol
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Köster
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paula Follert
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eric Upschulte
- Cécile & Oskar Vogt Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Helmholtz AI, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Philipp Ostermann
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philip Kirschner
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Celina Uhlemeyer
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Iannis Charnay
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Preuss
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sandra Trenkamp
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bengt-Frederik Belgardt
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Timo Dickscheid
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Helmholtz AI, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eckhard Lammert
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
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Dashek RJ, Cunningham RP, Taylor CL, Alessi I, Diaz C, Meers GM, Wheeler AA, Ibdah JA, Parks EJ, Yoshida T, Chandrasekar B, Rector RS. Hepatocellular RECK as a Critical Regulator of Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatohepatitis Development. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 18:101365. [PMID: 38797477 PMCID: PMC11278626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.101365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK) is an extracellular matrix regulator with anti-fibrotic effects. However, its expression and role in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and hepatic fibrosis are poorly understood. METHODS We generated a novel transgenic mouse model with RECK overexpression specifically in hepatocytes to investigate its role in Western diet (WD)-induced liver disease. Proteomic analysis and in vitro studies were performed to mechanistically link RECK to hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. RESULTS Our results show that RECK expression is significantly decreased in liver biopsies from human patients diagnosed with MASH and correlated negatively with severity of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and fibrosis. Similarly, RECK expression is downregulated in WD-induced MASH in wild-type mice. Hepatocyte-specific RECK overexpression significantly reduced hepatic pathology in WD-induced liver injury. Proteomic analysis highlighted changes in extracellular matrix and cell-signaling proteins. In vitro mechanistic studies linked RECK induction to reduced ADAM10 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10) and ADAM17 activity, amphiregulin release, epidermal growth factor receptor activation, and stellate cell activation. CONCLUSION Our in vivo and mechanistic in vitro studies reveal that RECK is a novel upstream regulator of inflammation and fibrosis in the diseased liver, its induction is hepatoprotective, and thus highlights its potential as a novel therapeutic in MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Dashek
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, Missouri; NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Rory P Cunningham
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Christopher L Taylor
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, Missouri; NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Isabella Alessi
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Connor Diaz
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Grace M Meers
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, Missouri; NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Andrew A Wheeler
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jamal A Ibdah
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, Missouri; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Elizabeth J Parks
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Tadashi Yoshida
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, Missouri; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - R Scott Rector
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, Missouri; NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.
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Manna D, Chidambaranathan Reghupaty S, Camarena MDC, Mendoza RG, Subler MA, Koblinski JE, Martin R, Dozmorov MG, Mukhopadhyay ND, Liu J, Qu X, Das SK, Lai Z, Windle JJ, Fisher PB, Sarkar D. Melanoma differentiation associated gene-9/syndecan binding protein promotes hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2023; 78:1727-1741. [PMID: 36120720 PMCID: PMC11261751 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The oncogene Melanoma differentiation associated gene-9/syndecan binding protein (MDA-9/SDCBP) is overexpressed in many cancers, promoting aggressive, metastatic disease. However, the role of MDA-9 in regulating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been well studied. APPROACH AND RESULTS To unravel the function of MDA-9 in HCC, we generated and characterized a transgenic mouse with hepatocyte-specific overexpression of MDA-9 (Alb/MDA-9). Compared with wild-type (WT) littermates, Alb/MDA-9 mice demonstrated significantly higher incidence of N-nitrosodiethylamine/phenobarbital-induced HCC, with marked activation and infiltration of macrophages. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in naive WT and Alb/MDA-9 hepatocytes identified activation of signaling pathways associated with invasion, angiogenesis, and inflammation, especially NF-κB and integrin-linked kinase signaling pathways. In nonparenchymal cells purified from naive livers, single-cell RNA-seq showed activation of Kupffer cells and macrophages in Alb/MDA-9 mice versus WT mice. A robust increase in the expression of Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (Spp1/osteopontin) was observed upon overexpression of MDA-9. Inhibition of NF-κB pathway blocked MDA-9-induced Spp1 induction, and knock down of Spp1 resulted in inhibition of MDA-9-induced macrophage migration, as well as angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Alb/MDA-9 is a mouse model with MDA-9 overexpression in any tissue type. Our findings unravel an HCC-promoting role of MDA-9 mediated by NF-κB and Spp1 and support the rationale of using MDA-9 inhibitors as a potential treatment for aggressive HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashri Manna
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Maria Del Carmen Camarena
- C. Kenneth and Dianne Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Rachel G. Mendoza
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Mark A. Subler
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Koblinski
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Rebecca Martin
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Mikhail G. Dozmorov
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Nitai D. Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jinze Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Xufeng Qu
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Swadesh K. Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Zhao Lai
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jolene J. Windle
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul B. Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Lacotte S, Slits F, Moeckli B, Peloso A, Koenig S, Tihy M, El Hajji S, Gex Q, Rubbia-Brandt L, Toso C. Anti-CD122 antibody restores specific CD8 + T cell response in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and prevents hepatocellular carcinoma growth. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2184991. [PMID: 36891258 PMCID: PMC9988345 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2184991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although immunotherapy is used as first-line treatment for advanced HCC, the impact of NASH on anticancer immunity is only partially characterized. We assessed the tumor-specific T cell immune response in the context of NASH. In a mouse model of NASH, we observed an expansion of the CD44+CXCR6+PD-1+CD8+ T cells in the liver. After intra-hepatic injection of RIL-175-LV-OVA-GFP HCC cells, NASH mice had a higher percentage of peripheral OVA-specific CD8+ T cells than control mice, but these cells did not prevent HCC growth. In the tumor, the expression of PD-1 on OVA-specific CD44+CXCR6+CD8+ cells was higher in NASH mice suggesting lowered immune activity. Treating mice with an anti-CD122 antibody, which reduced the number of CXCR6+PD-1+ cells, we restored OVA-specific CD8 activity, and reduced HCC growth compared to untreated NASH mice. Human dataset confirmed that NASH-affected livers, NASH tissues adjacent to HCC and HCC in patients with NASH exhibited gene expression patterns supporting mouse observations. Our findings demonstrate the immune system fails to prevent HCC growth in NASH, primarily linked to a higher representation of CD44+CXCR6+PD-1+CD8+ T cells. Treatment with an anti-CD122 antibody reduces the number of these cells and prevents HCC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Lacotte
- Transplantation and Hepatology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florence Slits
- Transplantation and Hepatology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Beat Moeckli
- Transplantation and Hepatology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Abdominal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Peloso
- Transplantation and Hepatology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Abdominal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Koenig
- Department of Physiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Tihy
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sofia El Hajji
- Transplantation and Hepatology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Gex
- Transplantation and Hepatology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Rubbia-Brandt
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Toso
- Transplantation and Hepatology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Abdominal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Kohara S, Ogawa K. Eph/Ephrin Promotes the Adhesion of Liver Tissue-Resident Macrophages to a Mimicked Surface of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123234. [PMID: 36551990 PMCID: PMC9775184 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Kupffer cells are maintained via self-renewal in specific microenvironmental niches, primarily the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). In this study, we propagated tissue-resident macrophages (Mø) from mouse liver using mixed culture with hepatic fibroblastic cells. Propagated liver Mø express Id3, Lxra and Spic transcription factors, which are required for Kupffer cell characterization. Thus, Kupffer cell properties are likely to be maintained in liver Mø propagated using mixed culture with fibroblastic cells. We revealed (i) gene expression of certain Eph receptors and ephrin ligands including EphA2, ephrin-A1, EphB4, and ephrin-B1 in propagated liver Mø and primary LSECs, (ii) immunohistochemical localization of these Eph/ephrin member molecules indicating common expression in Kupffer cells and LSECs, and (iii) surface expression of several integrin α and β subunits, including α4β1, αLβ2, αMβ2, and αXβ2 integrin in propagated liver Mø and that of the corresponding ligands ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in primary LSECs. Moreover, EphA/ephrin-A and EphB/ephrin-B interactions promoted liver Mø adhesion to the ICAM-1-adsorbed surface, which mimicked that of LSECs and may be implicated in the residence of Kupffer cells in the liver sinusoid. Further studies on regulating the residence and regeneration of Kupffer cells in related hepatic disorders are required to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Kohara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Life, Environment and Advanced Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Kazushige Ogawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Optimized Isolation and Characterization of C57BL/6 Mouse Hepatic Stellate Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091379. [PMID: 35563686 PMCID: PMC9102395 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To obtain meaningful results of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) function, it is crucial to use highly pure HSC populations. Our aim was to optimize HSC isolation from mice livers without exploiting the characteristically transient vitamin A autofluorescence of HSC. HSCs were isolated from C57BL/6 mice using a two-step collagenase digestion and Nycodenz gradient separation followed by CD11b-negative sorting step in order to remove contaminating macrophages and dendritic cells. Isolated cells were analyzed for yield, viability, purity, and potential new markers using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. We obtained a yield of 350,595 ± 100,773 HSC per mouse liver and a viability of isolated cells of 92.4 ± 3.1%. We observed a low macrophage/dendritic cell contamination of 1.22 ± 0.54%. Using flow cytometry, we demonstrated that CD38 was expressed at the surface of HSC subpopulations and that all expressed intracellular markers specific for HSC in the liver. This isolation method, avoiding fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS), allowed isolation of HSCs with high purity. Further, flow cytometry analysis suggests that CD38 may be a reliable marker of HSCs and may include subpopulations of HSCs without retinoid droplets.
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Chakkarapani SK, Shin TH, Lee S, Park KS, Lee G, Kang SH. Quantifying intracellular trafficking of silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles in live single cells by site-specific direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:398. [PMID: 34844629 PMCID: PMC8628397 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nanoparticles have been used for biomedical applications, including drug delivery, diagnosis, and imaging based on their unique properties derived from small size and large surface-to-volume ratio. However, concerns regarding unexpected toxicity due to the localization of nanoparticles in the cells are growing. Herein, we quantified the number of cell-internalized nanoparticles and monitored their cellular localization, which are critical factors for biomedical applications of nanoparticles. Methods This study investigates the intracellular trafficking of silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles containing rhodamine B isothiocyanate dye [MNPs@SiO2(RITC)] in various live single cells, such as HEK293, NIH3T3, and RAW 264.7 cells, using site-specific direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM). The time-dependent subdiffraction-limit spatial resolution of the dSTORM method allowed intracellular site-specific quantification and tracking of MNPs@SiO2(RITC). Results The MNPs@SiO2(RITC) were observed to be highly internalized in RAW 264.7 cells, compared to the HEK293 and NIH3T3 cells undergoing single-particle analysis. In addition, MNPs@SiO2(RITC) were internalized within the nuclei of RAW 264.7 and HEK293 cells but were not detected in the nuclei of NIH3T3 cells. Moreover, because of the treatment of the MNPs@SiO2(RITC), more micronuclei were detected in RAW 264.7 cells than in other cells. Conclusion The sensitive and quantitative evaluations of MNPs@SiO2(RITC) at specific sites in three different cells using a combination of dSTORM, transcriptomics, and molecular biology were performed. These findings highlight the quantitative differences in the uptake efficiency of MNPs@SiO2(RITC) and ultra-sensitivity, varying according to the cell types as ascertained by subdiffraction-limit super-resolution microscopy. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-01147-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Chakkarapani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Shin
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungah Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Park
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Lee
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong Ho Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Colucci S, Altamura S, Marques O, Dropmann A, Horvat NK, Müdder K, Hammad S, Dooley S, Muckenthaler MU. Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells Suppress Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Production in Response to TGFβ Pathway Activation. Hepatology 2021; 74:2186-2200. [PMID: 33982327 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS TGFβ/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in the liver plays a critical role in liver disease. Growth factors, such as BMP2, BMP6, and TGFβ1, are released from LSECs and signal in a paracrine manner to hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells to control systemic iron homeostasis and fibrotic processes, respectively. The misregulation of the TGFβ/BMP pathway affects expression of the iron-regulated hormone hepcidin, causing frequent iron overload and deficiency diseases. However, whether LSEC-secreted factors can act in an autocrine manner to maintain liver homeostasis has not been addressed so far. APPROACH AND RESULTS We analyzed publicly available RNA-sequencing data of mouse LSECs for ligand-receptor interactions and identified members of the TGFβ family (BMP2, BMP6, and TGFβ1) as ligands with the highest expression levels in LSECs that may signal in an autocrine manner. We next tested the soluble factors identified through in silico analysis in optimized murine LSEC primary cultures and mice. Exposure of murine LSEC primary cultures to these ligands shows that autocrine responses to BMP2 and BMP6 are blocked despite high expression levels of the required receptor complexes partially involving the inhibitor FK-506-binding protein 12. By contrast, LSECs respond efficiently to TGFβ1 treatment, which causes reduced expression of BMP2 through activation of activin receptor-like kinase 5. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal that TGFβ1 signaling is functionally interlinked with BMP signaling in LSECs, suggesting druggable targets for the treatment of iron overload diseases associated with deficiency of the BMP2-regulated hormone hepcidin, such as hereditary hemochromatosis, β-thalassemia, and chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Colucci
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandro Altamura
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oriana Marques
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Dropmann
- Section Molecular Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Natalie K Horvat
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), Heidelberg, Germany.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Müdder
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Seddik Hammad
- Section Molecular Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Forensic and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Steven Dooley
- Section Molecular Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martina U Muckenthaler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Turaga RC, Satyanarayana G, Sharma M, Yang JJ, Wang S, Liu C, Li S, Yang H, Grossniklaus H, Farris AB, Gracia-Sancho J, Liu ZR. Targeting integrin αvβ3 by a rationally designed protein for chronic liver disease treatment. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1087. [PMID: 34531529 PMCID: PMC8445973 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02611-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Liver Diseases (CLD) are characterized by abnormal accumulation of collagen fibrils, neo-angiogenesis, and sinusoidal remodeling. Collagen deposition along with intrahepatic angiogenesis and sinusoidal remodeling alters sinusoid structure resulting in portal hypertension, liver failure, and other complications. Efforts were made to develop treatments for CLDs. However, the success of such treatments is limited and unpredictable. We report a strategy for CLD treatment by induction of integrin αvβ3 mediated cell apoptosis using a rationally designed protein (ProAgio). ProAgio is designed to target integrin αvβ3 at a novel site. Integrin αvβ3 is highly expressed in activated Hepatic Stellate Cells (HSC), angiogenic endothelium, and capillarized Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells (LSEC). ProAgio induces apoptosis of these disease causative cells. Tests with liver fibrosis mouse models demonstrate that ProAgio reverses liver fibrosis and relieves blood flow resistance by depleting activated HSC and capillarized LSEC. Our studies demonstrate an effective approach for CLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Chakra Turaga
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30324, USA
| | | | - Malvika Sharma
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30324, USA
| | - Jenny J Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA
| | | | | | - Sun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Hua Yang
- Department Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | | | | | - Zhi-Ren Liu
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30324, USA.
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10
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Song J, He Z, Yang M, Yu T, Wang X, Liu B, Li J. HepaticIschemia/Reperfusion Injuryinvolves functional tryptase/PAR-2 signaling in liver sinusoidal endothelial cell population. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108052. [PMID: 34454294 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are tissue-resident effector cells that could be the earliest responder to release a unique, stimulus-specific set of mediators in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury However, how MCs function in the hepatic IR has remained a formidable challenge due to the substantial redundancy and functional diverse of these mediators. Tryptase is the main protease for degranulation of MCs and its receptor-protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) is widely expressed in endothelial cells. It is unclear whether and how tryptase/PAR-2 axis participates in hepatic IR. We employed an experimental warm 70% liver IR model in mice and found that tryptase was accumulated in the circulation during hepatic IR and positively correlated with liver injury. Tryptase inhibition by protamine can significantly down-regulate the expression of adhesion molecules and reduce neutrophil infiltration within the liver. The level of inflammatory factors and chemokines were also consistent with the pathological change of the liver. In addition, the treatment with exogeneous tryptase in MC-deficient mice can induce the damage observed in wild type mice in the context of liver IR. In vitro, neutrophil infiltration and inflammatory factor secretion were regulated by Tryptase/PAR-2, involving the adhesion molecule expression to regulate neutrophil adhesion dependent on NF-κB pathway. Conclusion: tryptase/PAR-2 participates in liver injury through the activation of LSECs in the early phase of liver IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Song
- Geriatric Cancer Center, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, West 221 Yan-an Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhigang He
- Department of Plastic and Constructive Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Muqing Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Tianyu Yu
- Geriatric Cancer Center, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, West 221 Yan-an Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Geriatric Cancer Center, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, West 221 Yan-an Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Geriatric Cancer Center, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, West 221 Yan-an Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jiyu Li
- Geriatric Cancer Center, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, West 221 Yan-an Road, Shanghai 200040, China.
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11
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Wu X, Shu L, Zhang Z, Li J, Zong J, Cheong LY, Ye D, Lam KSL, Song E, Wang C, Xu A, Hoo RLC. Adipocyte Fatty Acid Binding Protein Promotes the Onset and Progression of Liver Fibrosis via Mediating the Crosstalk between Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells and Hepatic Stellate Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2003721. [PMID: 34105268 PMCID: PMC8188197 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Development of liver fibrosis results in drastic changes in the liver microenvironment, which in turn accelerates disease progression. Although the pathological function of various hepatic cells in fibrogenesis is identified, the crosstalk between them remains obscure. The present study demonstrates that hepatic expression of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) is induced especially in the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) in mice after bile duct ligation (BDL). Genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition of A-FABP attenuate BDL- or carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice associating with reduced collagen accumulation, LSEC capillarization, and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. Mechanistically, elevated A-FABP promotes LSEC capillarization by activating Hedgehog signaling, thus impairs the gatekeeper function of LSEC on HSC activation. LSEC-derived A-FABP also acts on HSCs in paracrine manner to potentiate the transactivation of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) by activating c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/c-Jun signaling. Elevated TGFβ1 subsequently exaggerates liver fibrosis. These findings uncover a novel pathological mechanism of liver fibrosis in which LSEC-derived A-FABP is a key regulator modulating the onset and progression of the disease. Targeting A-FABP may represent a potential approach against liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacyLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Lingling Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
- Department of MedicineLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacyLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacyLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Jiuyu Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacyLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Lai Yee Cheong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
- Department of MedicineLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Dewei Ye
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong and Hong Kong on Metabolic DiseasesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhou510000China
| | - Karen S. L. Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
- Department of MedicineLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Erfei Song
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510630China
| | - Cunchuan Wang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510630China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacyLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
- Department of MedicineLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Ruby L. C. Hoo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacyLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
- HKU‐Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU‐SIRI)Shenzhen518057China
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12
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Ye Q, Zhou Y, Zhao C, Xu L, Ping J. Salidroside Inhibits CCl 4-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Mice by Reducing Activation and Migration of HSC Induced by Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell-Derived Exosomal SphK1. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:677810. [PMID: 34054552 PMCID: PMC8155673 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.677810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1)/Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)/S1PRs signaling pathway is known to involve the advancement of liver fibrosis. Exosomal SphK1 promotes hepatic stellate cells (HSC) migration. Salidroside (Sal) inhibits liver fibrosis, but its mechanism is yet to be elucidated. This study was to explore the influences of Sal on the SphK/S1P/S1PRs signaling pathway in liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in vivo, and investigated the mechanism of Sal affecting the migration and activation of HSC triggered by exosomal SphK1 in vitro. Our data showed that Sal reduced the activities of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum, and hydroxyproline (Hyp) content in the liver tissue. Sal subdued the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin (FN) and type I collagen (Col I) of the liver. Sal also reduced mitochondria-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and to inhibit JNK activation. Furthermore, Sal remarkably eradicated the influence of SphK1, SphK2, S1P, and S1PRs triggered by CCl4, whether stimulating or hindering. Compared with serum-derived exosomes from model group mice, serum-derived exosomes from Sal group mice expressed lower SphK1 and reduced JS 1 (mouse HSC cell line) migration. In addition, Sal was also observed to subdue Col I expression, AKT activation, and LX-2 migration induced by exosomal SphK1 from SK-HEP-1 (a kind of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) cell line). In conclusion, Sal could effectively alleviate liver injury, hepatocyte apoptosis, and liver fibrosis in vivo, providing supports that the protective effects of Sal might be realized by suppressing JNK activation and modulating the SphK/S1P/S1PRs axis. In vitro, it was observed that Sal might alleviate LX-2 migration and activation induced by exosomal SphK1 by inhibiting the AKT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Ye
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Yueyang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changqing Zhao
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lieming Xu
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Ping
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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13
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Otaka F, Ito Y, Goto T, Eshima K, Amano H, Koizumi W, Majima M. Platelets prevent the development of monocrotaline-induced liver injury in mice. Toxicol Lett 2020; 335:71-81. [PMID: 33122006 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Destruction of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) is an initial event in sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) that leads to accumulation of platelets in the liver. Herein, we explored the role of platelets during progression of experimental SOS induced by monocrotaline (MCT) in mice. Depletion of platelets using an anti-CD41 antibody or anti-thrombocyte serum exacerbated MCT-induced liver injury in C57BL/6 mice, as indicated by an increase in the alanine transaminase (ALT) level, which was associated with hemorrhagic necrosis. Thrombocytosis induced by thrombopoietin (TPO) or the TPO receptor agonist romiplostim (ROM) attenuated MCT-induced liver injury, as evidenced by lower levels of ALT and mRNA encoding matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9, and higher levels of mRNA encoding vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 2 and VEGFR3. The level of activated hepatic platelets was higher in TPO- and ROM-treated mice than in saline-treated mice. Co-culture with a high number of platelets increased the viability of LSECs and their mRNA levels of CD31, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3, and decreased their mRNA level of MMP9. The level of VEGF-A was increased in the culture medium of LSECs co-cultured with platelets. These results indicate that platelets attenuate MCT-induced liver injury by minimizing damage to LSECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumisato Otaka
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan; Departments of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan; Departments of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan; Departments of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan.
| | - Takuya Goto
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Koji Eshima
- Departments of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Hideki Amano
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan; Departments of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Wasaburo Koizumi
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masataka Majima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan; Departments of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan; Department of Medical Therapeutics, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0292, Japan
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14
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Kometsi L, Govender K, Mofo Mato EP, Hurchund R, Owira PMO. By reducing oxidative stress, naringenin mitigates hyperglycaemia-induced upregulation of hepatic nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 protein. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1394-1404. [PMID: 32628779 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of naringenin could confer hepatoprotective effects. METHODS Chang cells in culture media were maintained at 37°C and treated with increased concentrations of glucose (5.5-50 mm) and/or naringenin (25-100 µm), respectively, for 24 h. The cells were harvested and carbonyl proteins, antioxidant enzymes and proteins measured in cell lysates. Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 7) and orally treated daily for 56 days with 3.0 ml/kg per body weight (BW) distilled water (group 1), 60 mg/kg BW of naringenin (groups 2 and 4), respectively. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were given single 60 mg/kg per BW intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin or insulin (2.0 IU/kg BW bid), (group 5 only). KEY FINDINGS Cell viability was significantly decreased in response to increased hyperglycaemia but naringenin dose-dependently, significantly reversed this compared to controls, respectively. However, antioxidant enzyme activities were reduced due to increased and reduced oxidative stress, respectively. Naringenin further significantly reduced hepatic oxidative stress and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein expression and liver : body weight ratios in diabetic compared to controls rats. CONCLUSIONS Naringenin confers hepatoprotective antioxidant effects by initially preventing upregulation of Nrf2 protein expression and its downstream antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lereko Kometsi
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Khmera Govender
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Edith P Mofo Mato
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rajendraparsad Hurchund
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Peter M O Owira
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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15
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Balaphas A, Meyer J, Perozzo R, Zeisser-Labouebe M, Berndt S, Turzi A, Fontana P, Scapozza L, Gonelle-Gispert C, Bühler LH. Platelet Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Induces Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells to Secrete Interleukin-6. Cells 2020; 9:E1311. [PMID: 32466100 PMCID: PMC7290849 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The roles and interactions of platelets and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in liver regeneration are unclear, and the trigger that initiates hepatocyte proliferation is unknown. We aimed to identify the key factors released by activated platelets that induce liver sinusoidal endothelial cells to produce interleukin-6 (IL-6), a cytokine implicated in the early phase of liver regeneration. We characterized the releasate of activated platelets inducing the in vitro production of IL-6 by mouse liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and observed that the stimulating factor was a thermolabile protein. Following gel filtration, a single fraction of activated platelet releasate induced a maximal IL-6 secretion by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (90.2 ± 13.9 versus control with buffer, 9.0 ± 0.8 pg/mL, p < 0.05). Mass spectroscopy analysis of this fraction, followed by in silico processing, resulted in a reduced list of 18 candidates. Several proteins from the list were tested, and only recombinant transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) resulted in an increased IL-6 production up to 242.7 ± 30.5 pg/mL, which was comparable to non-fractionated platelet releasate effect. Using neutralizing anti-TGF-β1 antibody or a TGF-β1 receptor inhibitor, IL-6 production by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells was dramatically reduced. These results support a role of platelet TGF-β1 β1 in the priming phase of liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Balaphas
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Unit of Surgical Research, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Meyer
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Unit of Surgical Research, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Remo Perozzo
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.Z.-L.); (L.S.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Magali Zeisser-Labouebe
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.Z.-L.); (L.S.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Berndt
- Regen Lab SA, En Budron b2, 1052 Le Mont-sur-Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Antoine Turzi
- Regen Lab SA, En Budron b2, 1052 Le Mont-sur-Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Pierre Fontana
- Division of Angiology and Haemostasis, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Geneva Platelet Group, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Scapozza
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.Z.-L.); (L.S.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Gonelle-Gispert
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (C.G.-G.); (L.H.B.)
| | - Leo H. Bühler
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (C.G.-G.); (L.H.B.)
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16
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Platelet Interactions with Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells and Hepatic Stellate Cells Lead to Hepatocyte Proliferation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051243. [PMID: 32443494 PMCID: PMC7290338 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Platelets were postulated to constitute the trigger of liver regeneration. The aim of this study was to dissect the cellular interactions between the various liver cells involved in liver regeneration and to clarify the role of platelets. (2) Methods: Primary mouse liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) were co-incubated with increasing numbers of resting platelets, activated platelets, or platelet releasates. Alterations in the secretion of growth factors were measured. The active fractions of platelet releasates were characterized and their effects on hepatocyte proliferation assessed. Finally, conditioned media of LSECs exposed to platelets were added to primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Secretion of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and hepatocyte proliferation were measured. After partial hepatectomy in mice, platelet and liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) interactions were analyzed in vivo by confocal microscopy, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and HGF levels were determined. (3) Results: Co-incubation of increasing numbers of platelets with LSECs resulted in enhanced IL-6 secretion by LSECs. The effect was mediated by the platelet releasate, notably a thermolabile soluble factor with a molecular weight over 100 kDa. The conditioned medium of LSECs exposed to platelets did not increase proliferation of primary hepatocytes when compared to LSECs alone but stimulated hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secretion by HSCs, which led to hepatocyte proliferation. Following partial hepatectomy, in vivo adhesion of platelets to LSECs was significantly increased when compared to sham-operated mice. Clopidogrel inhibited HGF secretion after partial hepatectomy. (4) Conclusion: Our findings indicate that platelets interact with LSECs after partial hepatectomy and activate them to release a large molecule of protein nature, which constitutes the initial trigger for liver regeneration.
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17
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Dong W, Kong M, Zhu Y, Shao Y, Wu D, Lu J, Guo J, Xu Y. Activation of TWIST Transcription by Chromatin Remodeling Protein BRG1 Contributes to Liver Fibrosis in Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:340. [PMID: 32478075 PMCID: PMC7237740 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a complex pathophysiological process to which many different cell types contribute. Endothelial cells play versatile roles in the regulation of liver fibrosis. The underlying epigenetic mechanism is not fully appreciated. In the present study, we investigated the role of BRG1, a chromatin remodeling protein, in the modulation of endothelial cells in response to pro-fibrogenic stimuli in vitro and liver fibrosis in mice. We report that depletion of BRG1 by siRNA abrogated TGF-β or hypoxia induced down-regulation of endothelial marker genes and up-regulation of mesenchymal marker genes in cultured endothelial cells. Importantly, endothelial-specific BRG1 deletion attenuated CCl4 induced liver fibrosis in mice. BRG1 knockdown in vitro or BRG1 knockout in vivo was accompanied by the down-regulation of TWIST, a key regulator of endothelial phenotype. Mechanistically, BRG1 interacted with and was recruited to the TWIST promoter by HIF-1α to activate TWIST transcription. BRG1 silencing rendered a more repressive chromatin structure surrounding the TWIST promoter likely contributing to TWIST down-regulation. Inhibition of HIF-1α activity dampened liver fibrosis in mice. Similarly, pharmaceutical inhibition of TWIST alleviated liver fibrosis in mice. In conclusion, our data suggest that epigenetic activation of TWIST by BRG1 contributes to the modulation of endothelial phenotype and liver fibrosis. Therefore, targeting the HIF1α-BRG1-TWIST axis may yield novel therapeutic solutions to treat liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuwen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Shao
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research and Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Medical Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Medical Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Junli Guo
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research and Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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18
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Isolation of tissue-resident vascular endothelial stem cells from mouse liver. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:1066-1081. [PMID: 32005982 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0276-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are fundamental components of the blood vessels that comprise the vascular system; facilitate blood flow; and regulate permeability, angiogenesis, inflammatory responses and homeostatic tissue maintenance. Accumulating evidence suggests there is EC heterogeneity in vivo. However, isolation of fresh ECs from adult mice to investigate this further is challenging. Here, we describe an easy and reproducible protocol for isolation of different types of ECs and CD157+ vascular-resident endothelial stem cells (VESCs) by mechano-enzymatic tissue digestion followed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The procedure was established on liver tissue but can be used to isolate ECs from other organs with minimal modification. Preparation of single-cell suspensions can be completed in 2.5 h. We also describe assays for EC clonal and network formation, as well as transcriptomic analysis of isolated ECs. The protocol enables isolation of primary ECs and VESCs that can be used for a wide range of downstream analyses in vascular research.
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19
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Xiong X, Kuang H, Ansari S, Liu T, Gong J, Wang S, Zhao XY, Ji Y, Li C, Guo L, Zhou L, Chen Z, Leon-Mimila P, Chung MT, Kurabayashi K, Opp J, Campos-Pérez F, Villamil-Ramírez H, Canizales-Quinteros S, Lyons R, Lumeng CN, Zhou B, Qi L, Huertas-Vazquez A, Lusis AJ, Xu XZS, Li S, Yu Y, Li JZ, Lin JD. Landscape of Intercellular Crosstalk in Healthy and NASH Liver Revealed by Single-Cell Secretome Gene Analysis. Mol Cell 2020; 75:644-660.e5. [PMID: 31398325 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell communication via ligand-receptor signaling is a fundamental feature of complex organs. Despite this, the global landscape of intercellular signaling in mammalian liver has not been elucidated. Here we perform single-cell RNA sequencing on non-parenchymal cells isolated from healthy and NASH mouse livers. Secretome gene analysis revealed a highly connected network of intrahepatic signaling and disruption of vascular signaling in NASH. We uncovered the emergence of NASH-associated macrophages (NAMs), which are marked by high expression of triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2), as a feature of mouse and human NASH that is linked to disease severity and highly responsive to pharmacological and dietary interventions. Finally, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) serve as a hub of intrahepatic signaling via HSC-derived stellakines and their responsiveness to vasoactive hormones. These results provide unprecedented insights into the landscape of intercellular crosstalk and reprogramming of liver cells in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Xiong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Henry Kuang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sahar Ansari
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tongyu Liu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jianke Gong
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, and College of Life Science and Technology, and Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xu-Yun Zhao
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yewei Ji
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Liang Guo
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Linkang Zhou
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Paola Leon-Mimila
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Meng Ting Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Katsuo Kurabayashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Judy Opp
- University of Michigan DNA Sequencing Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Francisco Campos-Pérez
- Clínica Integral de Cirugía para la Obesidad y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Hospital General Dr. Rubén Lénero, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hugo Villamil-Ramírez
- Facultad de Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
- Facultad de Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Robert Lyons
- University of Michigan DNA Sequencing Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Carey N Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Beiyan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Adriana Huertas-Vazquez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - X Z Shawn Xu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Siming Li
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jun Z Li
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jiandie D Lin
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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20
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Ectopic expression of the Stabilin2 gene triggered by an intracisternal A particle (IAP) element in DBA/2J strain of mice. Mamm Genome 2020; 31:2-16. [PMID: 31912264 PMCID: PMC7060167 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-019-09824-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stabilin2 (Stab2) encodes a large transmembrane protein which is predominantly expressed in the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and functions as a scavenger receptor for various macromolecules including hyaluronans (HA). In DBA/2J mice, plasma HA concentration is ten times higher than in 129S6 or C57BL/6J mice, and this phenotype is genetically linked to the Stab2 locus. Stab2 mRNA in the LSECs was significantly lower in DBA/2J than in 129S6, leading to reduced STAB2 proteins in the DBA/2J LSECs. We found a retrovirus-derived transposable element, intracisternal A particle (IAP), in the promoter region of Stab2DBA which likely interferes with normal expression in the LSECs. In contrast, in other tissues of DBA/2J mice, the IAP drives high ectopic Stab2DBA transcription starting within the 5′ long terminal repeat of IAP in a reverse orientation and continuing through the downstream Stab2DBA. Ectopic transcription requires the Stab2-IAP element but is dominantly suppressed by the presence of loci on 59.7–73.0 Mb of chromosome (Chr) 13 from C57BL/6J, while the same region in 129S6 requires additional loci for complete suppression. Chr13:59.9–73 Mb contains a large number of genes encoding Krüppel-associated box-domain zinc-finger proteins that target transposable elements-derived sequences and repress their expression. Despite the high amount of ectopic Stab2DBA transcript in tissues other than liver, STAB2 protein was undetectable and unlikely to contribute to the plasma HA levels of DBA/2J mice. Nevertheless, the IAP insertion and its effects on the transcription of the downstream Stab2DBA exemplify that stochastic evolutional events could significantly influence susceptibility to complex but common diseases.
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21
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MKL1 promotes endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and liver fibrosis by activating TWIST1 transcription. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:899. [PMID: 31776330 PMCID: PMC6881349 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Excessive fibrogenic response in the liver disrupts normal hepatic anatomy and function heralding such end-stage liver diseases as hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis. Sinusoidal endothelial cells contribute to myofibroblast activation and liver fibrosis by undergoing endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). The underlying mechanism remains poorly defined. Here we report that inhibition or endothelial-specific deletion of MKL1, a transcriptional modulator, attenuated liver fibrosis in mice. MKL1 inhibition or deletion suppressed EndMT induced by TGF-β. Mechanistically, MKL1 was recruited to the promoter region of TWIST1, a master regulator of EndMT, and activated TWIST1 transcription in a STAT3-dependent manner. A small-molecule STAT3 inhibitor (C188-9) alleviated EndMT in cultured cells and bile duct ligation (BDL) induced liver fibrosis in mice. Finally, direct inhibition of TWIST1 by a small-molecule compound harmine was paralleled by blockade of EndMT in cultured cells and liver fibrosis in mice. In conclusion, our data unveil a novel mechanism underlying EndMT and liver fibrosis and highlight the possibility of targeting the STAT3-MKL1-TWIST1 axis in the intervention of aberrant liver fibrogenesis.
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22
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Li Z, Chen B, Dong W, Kong M, Shao Y, Fan Z, Yu L, Wu D, Lu J, Guo J, Xu Y. The Chromatin Remodeler Brg1 Integrates ROS Production and Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition to Promote Liver Fibrosis in Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:245. [PMID: 31750301 PMCID: PMC6842935 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Trans-differentiation of endothelial cells to myofibroblast contributes to liver fibrosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a key role in endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) although the underlying epigenetic mechanism is unclear. Here we report that endothelial conditional knockout of Brg1, a chromatin remodeling protein, attenuated liver fibrosis in mice. Brg1 deficiency in endothelial cells was paralleled by a decrease in ROS production and blockade of EndMT both in vivo and in vitro. The ability of BRG1 to regulate ROS production and EndMT was abolished by NOX4 depletion or inhibition. Further analysis revealed that BRG1 interacted with SMAD3 and AP-1 to mediate TGF-β induced NOX4 transcription in endothelial cells. Mechanistically, BRG1 recruited various histone modifying enzymes to alter the chromatin structure surrounding the NOX4 locus thereby activating its transcription. In conclusion, our data uncover a novel epigenetic mechanism that links NOX4-dependent ROS production to EndMT and liver fibrosis. Targeting the BRG1-NOX4 axis may yield novel therapeutics against liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Baoyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Shao
- Cardiovascular Disease and Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhiwen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Medical Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China.,College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Medical Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China.,College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Junli Guo
- Cardiovascular Disease and Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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23
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Gracia-Sancho J, Marrone G, Fernández-Iglesias A. Hepatic microcirculation and mechanisms of portal hypertension. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 16:221-234. [PMID: 30568278 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-018-0097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The liver microcirculatory milieu, mainly composed of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and hepatic macrophages, has an essential role in liver homeostasis, including in preserving hepatocyte function, regulating the vascular tone and controlling inflammation. Liver microcirculatory dysfunction is one of the key mechanisms that promotes the progression of chronic liver disease (also termed cirrhosis) and the development of its major clinical complication, portal hypertension. In the present Review, we describe the current knowledge of liver microcirculatory dysfunction in cirrhotic portal hypertension and appraise the preclinical models used to study the liver circulation. We also provide a comprehensive summary of the promising therapeutic options to target the liver microvasculature in cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain. .,Hepatology, Department of Biomedical Research, Inselspital, Bern University, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Giusi Marrone
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anabel Fernández-Iglesias
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Wang J, Niu N, Xu S, Jin ZG. A simple protocol for isolating mouse lung endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1458. [PMID: 30728372 PMCID: PMC6365507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is the common molecular basis of multiple human diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, and acute lung injury. Therefore, primary isolation of high-purity endothelial cells (ECs) is crucial to study the mechanisms of endothelial function and disease pathogenesis. Mouse lung ECs (MLECs) are widely used in vascular biology and lung cell biology studies such as pulmonary inflammation, angiogenesis, vessel permeability, leukocyte/EC interaction, nitric oxide production, and mechanotransduction. Thus, in this paper, we describe a simple, and reproducible protocol for the isolation and culture of MLECs from adult mice using collagenase I-based enzymatic digestion, followed by sequential sorting with PECAM1 (also known as CD31)- and ICAM2 (also known as CD102)-coated microbeads. The morphology of isolated MLECs were observed with phase contrast microscope. MLECs were authenticated by CD31 immunoblotting, and immunofluorescent staining of established EC markers VE-cadherin and von Willebrand factor (vWF). Cultured MLECs also showed functional characteristics of ECs, evidenced by DiI-oxLDL uptake assay and THP-1 monocyte adhesion assay. Finally, we used MLECs from endothelium-specific enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) knockout mice to show the general applicability of our protocol. To conclude, we describe here a simple and reproducible protocol to isolate highly pure and functional ECs from adult mouse lungs. Isolation of ECs from genetically engineered mice is important for downstream phenotypic, genetic, or proteomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Wang
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Niu Niu
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Zheng Gen Jin
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA.
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25
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Fernández‐Iglesias A, Ortega‐Ribera M, Guixé‐Muntet S, Gracia‐Sancho J. 4 in 1: Antibody-free protocol for isolating the main hepatic cells from healthy and cirrhotic single rat livers. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:877-886. [PMID: 30417530 PMCID: PMC6349241 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cells isolated from pre-clinical models are essential tools for studying liver (patho)physiology, and also for screening new therapeutic options. We aimed at developing a new antibody-free isolation method able to obtain the four main hepatic cell types (hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells [LSEC], hepatic macrophages [HMΦ] and hepatic stellate cells [HSC]) from a single rat liver. Control and cirrhotic (CCl4 and TAA) rat livers (n = 6) were perfused, digested with collagenase and mechanically disaggregated obtaining a multicellular suspension. Hepatocytes were purified by low revolution centrifugations while non-parenchymal cells were subjected to differential centrifugation. Two different fractions were obtained: HSC and mixed LSEC + HMΦ. Further LSEC and HMΦ enrichment was achieved by selective adherence time to collagen-coated substrates. Isolated cells showed high viability (80%-95%) and purity (>95%) and were characterized as functional: hepatocytes synthetized albumin and urea, LSEC maintained endocytic capacity and in vivo fenestrae distribution, HMΦ increased expression of inflammatory markers in response to LPS and HSC were activated upon in vitro culture. The 4 in 1 protocol allows the simultaneous isolation of highly pure and functional hepatic cell sub-populations from control or cirrhotic single livers without antibody selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Fernández‐Iglesias
- Liver Vascular Biology Research GroupBarcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic LaboratoryIDIBAPS Biomedical Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD)MadridSpain
| | - Martí Ortega‐Ribera
- Liver Vascular Biology Research GroupBarcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic LaboratoryIDIBAPS Biomedical Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
| | - Sergi Guixé‐Muntet
- HepatologyDepartment of Biomedical ResearchInselspitalBern UniversityBernSwitzerland
| | - Jordi Gracia‐Sancho
- Liver Vascular Biology Research GroupBarcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic LaboratoryIDIBAPS Biomedical Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD)MadridSpain
- HepatologyDepartment of Biomedical ResearchInselspitalBern UniversityBernSwitzerland
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26
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Robertson CL, Mendoza RG, Jariwala N, Dozmorov M, Mukhopadhyay ND, Subler MA, Windle JJ, Lai Z, Fisher PB, Ghosh S, Sarkar D. Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1 Regulates Macrophage Activation in Hepatocellular Carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6436-6446. [PMID: 30181179 PMCID: PMC6239947 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a known hallmark of cancer and is central to the onset and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatic macrophages play a critical role in the inflammatory process leading to HCC. The oncogene Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) regulates NFκB activation, and germline knockout of AEG-1 in mice (AEG-1-/-) results in resistance to inflammation and experimental HCC. In this study, we developed conditional hepatocyte- and myeloid cell-specific AEG-1-/- mice (AEG-1ΔHEP and AEG-1ΔMAC, respectively) and induced HCC by treatment with N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) and phenobarbital (PB). AEG-1ΔHEP mice exhibited a significant reduction in disease severity compared with control littermates, while AEG-1ΔMAC mice were profoundly resistant. In vitro, AEG-1-/- hepatocytes exhibited increased sensitivity to stress and senescence. Notably, AEG-1-/- macrophages were resistant to either M1 or M2 differentiation with significant inhibition in migration, endothelial adhesion, and efferocytosis activity, indicating that AEG-1 ablation renders macrophages functionally anergic. These results unravel a central role of AEG-1 in regulating macrophage activation and indicate that AEG-1 is required in both tumor cells and tumor microenvironment to stimulate hepatocarcinogenesis.Significance: These findings distinguish a novel role of macrophage-derived oncogene AEG-1 from hepatocellular AEG-1 in promoting inflammation and driving tumorigenesis. Cancer Res; 78(22); 6436-46. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadia L Robertson
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Rachel G Mendoza
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Nidhi Jariwala
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Mikhail Dozmorov
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Nitai D Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Mark A Subler
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jolene J Windle
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Zhao Lai
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Shobha Ghosh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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27
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Cabral F, Miller CM, Kudrna KM, Hass BE, Daubendiek JG, Kellar BM, Harris EN. Purification of Hepatocytes and Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells from Mouse Liver Perfusion. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29553556 PMCID: PMC5894826 DOI: 10.3791/56993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This protocol demonstrates a method for obtaining high yield and viability for mouse hepatocytes and sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) suitable for culturing or for obtaining cell lysates. In this protocol, the portal vein is used as the site for catheterization, rather than the vena cava, as this limits contamination of other possible cell types in the final liver preparation. No special instrumentation is required throughout the procedure. A water bath is used as a source of heat to maintain the temperature of all the buffers and solutions. A standard peristaltic pump is used to drive the fluid, and a refrigerated table-top centrifuge is required for the centrifugation procedures. The only limitation of this technique is the placement of the catheter within the portal vein, which is challenging on some of the mice in the 18 - 25 g size range. An advantage of this technique is that only one vein is utilized for the perfusion and the access to the vein is quick, which minimizes ischemia and reperfusion of the liver that reduces hepatic cell viability. Another advantage to this protocol is that it is easy to distinguish live from dead hepatocytes by eyesight due to the difference in cellular density during the centrifugation steps. Cells from this protocol may be used in cell culture for any downstream application as well as processed for any biochemical assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Blake E Hass
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska
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