1
|
Xie Q, Cao Z, You W, Cai X, Shen M, Yin Z, Jiang Y, Wang X, Ye S. Ganodermanontriol Suppresses the Progression of Lung Adenocarcinoma by Activating CES2 to Enhance the Metabolism of Mycophenolate Mofetil. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:249-261. [PMID: 38419324 PMCID: PMC10940751 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2306.06020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
New anti-lung cancer therapies are urgently required to improve clinical outcomes. Since ganodermanontriol (GDNT) has been identified as a potential antineoplastic agent, its role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is investigated in this study. Concretely, lung cancer cells were treated with GDNT and/or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), after which MTT assay, flow cytometry and Western blot were conducted. Following bioinformatics analysis, carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) was knocked down and rescue assays were carried out in vitro. Xenograft experiment was performed on mice, followed by drug administration, measurement of tumor growth and determination of CES2, IMPDH1 and IMPDH2 expressions. As a result, the viability of lung cancer cells was reduced by GDNT or MMF. GDNT enhanced the effects of MMF on suppressing viability, promoting apoptosis and inducing cell cycle arrest in lung cancer cells. GDNT up-regulated CES2 level, and strengthened the effects of MMF on down-regulating IMPDH1 and IMPDH2 levels in the cells. IMPDH1 and IMPDH2 were highly expressed in LUAD samples. CES2 was a potential target for GDNT. CES2 knockdown reversed the synergistic effect of GDNT and MMF against lung cancer in vitro. GDNT potentiated the role of MMF in inhibiting tumor growth and expressions of CES2 and IMPDH1/2 in lung cancer in vivo. Collectively, GDNT suppresses the progression of LUAD by activating CES2 to enhance the metabolism of MMF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Xie
- Respiratory Department, Longquan People’s Hospital, No. 699, Dongcha Road, Longquan City, Zhejiang Province, 323000, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Cao
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 15 Dazhong Street, Liandu District, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, 323000, P.R. China
| | - Weiling You
- Respiratory Department, Longquan People’s Hospital, No. 699, Dongcha Road, Longquan City, Zhejiang Province, 323000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Cai
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 15 Dazhong Street, Liandu District, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, 323000, P.R. China
| | - Mei Shen
- Longquan People’s Hospital, No. 699, Dongcha Road, Longquan City, Zhejiang Province, 323000, P.R. China
| | - Zhangyong Yin
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 15 Dazhong Street, Liandu District, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, 323000, P.R. China
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Chashan Higher Education Park, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325006, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Chashan Higher Education Park, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325006, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Ye
- School of Public Administration, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Chashan Higher Education Park, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cascianelli S, Barbera C, Ulla AA, Grassi E, Lupo B, Pasini D, Bertotti A, Trusolino L, Medico E, Isella C, Masseroli M. Multi-label transcriptional classification of colorectal cancer reflects tumor cell population heterogeneity. Genome Med 2023; 15:37. [PMID: 37189167 PMCID: PMC10184353 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcriptional classification has been used to stratify colorectal cancer (CRC) into molecular subtypes with distinct biological and clinical features. However, it is not clear whether such subtypes represent discrete, mutually exclusive entities or molecular/phenotypic states with potential overlap. Therefore, we focused on the CRC Intrinsic Subtype (CRIS) classifier and evaluated whether assigning multiple CRIS subtypes to the same sample provides additional clinically and biologically relevant information. METHODS A multi-label version of the CRIS classifier (multiCRIS) was applied to newly generated RNA-seq profiles from 606 CRC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), together with human CRC bulk and single-cell RNA-seq datasets. Biological and clinical associations of single- and multi-label CRIS were compared. Finally, a machine learning-based multi-label CRIS predictor (ML2CRIS) was developed for single-sample classification. RESULTS Surprisingly, about half of the CRC cases could be significantly assigned to more than one CRIS subtype. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis revealed that multiple CRIS membership can be a consequence of the concomitant presence of cells of different CRIS class or, less frequently, of cells with hybrid phenotype. Multi-label assignments were found to improve prediction of CRC prognosis and response to treatment. Finally, the ML2CRIS classifier was validated for retaining the same biological and clinical associations also in the context of single-sample classification. CONCLUSIONS These results show that CRIS subtypes retain their biological and clinical features even when concomitantly assigned to the same CRC sample. This approach could be potentially extended to other cancer types and classification systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cascianelli
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico Di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Barbera
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico Di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alexandra Ambra Ulla
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S.P. 142, Km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo (TO), Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Grassi
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S.P. 142, Km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo (TO), Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, S.P. 142, Km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Barbara Lupo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S.P. 142, Km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo (TO), Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, S.P. 142, Km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Diego Pasini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudini 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Bertotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S.P. 142, Km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo (TO), Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, S.P. 142, Km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Livio Trusolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S.P. 142, Km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo (TO), Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, S.P. 142, Km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Enzo Medico
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S.P. 142, Km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo (TO), Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, S.P. 142, Km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Claudio Isella
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S.P. 142, Km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo (TO), Turin, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, S.P. 142, Km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo (TO), Italy.
| | - Marco Masseroli
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico Di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ma SC, Zhang JQ, Yan TH, Miao MX, Cao YM, Cao YB, Zhang LC, Li L. Novel strategies to reverse chemoresistance in colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2023. [PMID: 36645225 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common gastrointestinal malignancy with high morbidity and fatality. Chemotherapy, as traditional therapy for CRC, has exerted well antitumor effect and greatly improved the survival of CRC patients. Nevertheless, chemoresistance is one of the major problems during chemotherapy for CRC and significantly limits the efficacy of the treatment and influences the prognosis of patients. To overcome chemoresistance in CRC, many strategies are being investigated. Here, we review the common and novel measures to combat the resistance, including drug repurposing (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, metformin, dichloroacetate, enalapril, ivermectin, bazedoxifene, melatonin, and S-adenosylmethionine), gene therapy (ribozymes, RNAi, CRISPR/Cas9, epigenetic therapy, antisense oligonucleotides, and noncoding RNAs), protein inhibitor (EFGR inhibitor, S1PR2 inhibitor, and DNA methyltransferase inhibitor), natural herbal compounds (polyphenols, terpenoids, quinones, alkaloids, and sterols), new drug delivery system (nanocarriers, liposomes, exosomes, and hydrogels), and combination therapy. These common or novel strategies for the reversal of chemoresistance promise to improve the treatment of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chang Ma
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutic University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Qi Zhang
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Hua Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutic University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Xing Miao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutic University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye-Min Cao
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Bing Cao
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Chao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qu W, Yao Y, Liu Y, Jo H, Zhang Q, Zhao H. Prognostic and Immunological Roles of CES2 in Breast Cancer and Potential Application of CES2-Targeted Fluorescent Probe DDAB in Breast Surgery. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:1567-1580. [PMID: 37139258 PMCID: PMC10150794 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s406835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The expression and function of CES2 in breast cancer (BRCA) has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate its clinical significance in BRCA. Patients and Methods Bioinformatics analysis tools and databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, SURVIVAL packages, STRING database, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, Gene set variation analysis (GSVA), and Tumor Immunity Estimation Resource (TIMER), were utilized to measure the expression level and clarify the clinical significance of CES2 in BRCA. In addition, we verified the expression level of CES2 in BRCA at the cellular and tissue levels by Western blot, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR assays. Furthermore, DDAB is the first reported near-infrared fluorescent probe that can be used to monitor CES2 in vivo. We applied the CES2-targeted fluorescent probe DDAB in BRCA for the first time and verified its physicochemical properties and labeling sorting ability by CCK-8, cytofluorimetric imaging, flow cytometry fluorescence detection, and isolated human tumor tissue imaging assays. Results The expression of CES2 was higher in normal tissues than that in BRCA tissues. Patients with lower CES2 expression in the BRCA T4 stage had a poorer prognosis. Finally, we applied the CES2-targeted fluorescent probe DDAB in BRCA for the first time, which was demonstrated to have good cellular imaging performance with low biological toxicity in BRCA cells and ex vivo human breast tumor tissue models. Conclusion CES2 can be considered a potential biomarker to predict the prognosis of breast cancer at stage T4 and might contribute to the development of immunological treatment strategies. Meanwhile, CES2 is able to distinguish between breast normal and tumor tissues, the CES2-targeting NIR fluorescent probe DDAB may have potential for surgical applications in BRCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weikun Qu
- Department of Oncology & Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China
- OPO Office, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yalu Yao
- Department of Oncology & Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaqian Liu
- Department of Oncology & Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - HyonSu Jo
- Department of Oncology & Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, the Hospital of Pyongyang Medical University, Pyongyang, 999093, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
| | - Qianran Zhang
- Department of Oncology & Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haidong Zhao
- Department of Oncology & Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Haidong Zhao; Qianran Zhang, Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467, Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13354288881; +86 13278089966, Email ;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Elkhanoufi S, Stefania R, Alberti D, Baroni S, Aime S, Geninatti Crich S. Highly Sensitive “Off/On” EPR Probes to Monitor Enzymatic Activity. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104563. [PMID: 35175676 PMCID: PMC9314618 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of unregulated level of enzyme activity is a crucial parameter for early diagnoses in a wide range of pathologies. In this study, we propose the use of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) as an easy method to probe carboxylesterase (CE) enzymatic activity in vitro. For this application, were synthesized two amphiphilic, nitroxide containing esters, namely Tempo‐C12 (T‐C12) and Tempo‐2‐C12 (T‐2‐C12). They exhibit low solubility in water and form stable micelles in which the radicals are EPR almost silent, but the hydrolysis of the ester bond yields narrows and intense EPR signals. The intensity of the EPR signals is proportional to the enzymatic activity. CEs1, CEs2 and esterase from porcine liver (PLE) were investigated. The obtained results show that T‐C12 and T‐2‐C12‐containing systems display a much higher selectivity toward the CEs2, with a Limit of Detection of the same order of those ones obtained with optical methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Elkhanoufi
- University of Torino Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences via Nizza 52 10126 Torino Italy
| | - Rachele Stefania
- University of Torino Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences via Nizza 52 10126 Torino Italy
| | - Diego Alberti
- University of Torino Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences via Nizza 52 10126 Torino Italy
| | - Simona Baroni
- University of Torino Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences via Nizza 52 10126 Torino Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- University of Torino Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences via Nizza 52 10126 Torino Italy
| | - Simonetta Geninatti Crich
- University of Torino Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences via Nizza 52 10126 Torino Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen Y, Capello M, Rios Perez MV, Vykoukal JV, Roife D, Kang Y, Prakash LR, Katayama H, Irajizad E, Fleury A, Ferri-Borgogno S, Baluya DL, Dennison JB, Do KA, Fiehn O, Maitra A, Wang H, Chiao PJ, Katz MHG, Fleming JB, Hanash SM, Fahrmann JF. CES2 sustains HNF4α expression to promote pancreatic adenocarcinoma progression through an epoxide hydrolase-dependent regulatory loop. Mol Metab 2021; 56:101426. [PMID: 34971802 PMCID: PMC8841288 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Intra-tumoral expression of the serine hydrolase carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) contributes to the activation of the pro-drug irinotecan in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Given other potential roles of CES2, we assessed its regulation, downstream effects, and contribution to tumor development in PDAC. Methods Association between the mRNA expression of CES2 in pancreatic tumors and overall survival was assessed using The Cancer Genome Atlas. Cell viability, clonogenic, and anchorage-independent growth assays as well as an orthotopic mouse model of PDAC were used to evaluate the biological relevance of CES2 in pancreatic cancer. CES2-driven metabolic changes were determined by untargeted and targeted metabolomic analyses. Results Elevated tumoral CES2 mRNA expression was a statistically significant predictor of poor overall survival in PDAC patients. Knockdown of CES2 in PDAC cells reduced cell viability, clonogenic capacity, and anchorage-independent growth in vitro and attenuated tumor growth in an orthotopic mouse model of PDAC. Mechanistically, CES2 was found to promote the catabolism of phospholipids resulting in HNF4α activation through a soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH)-dependent pathway. Targeting of CES2 via siRNA or small molecule inhibitors attenuated HNF4α protein expression and reduced gene expression of classical/progenitor markers and increased basal-like markers. Targeting of the CES2-sEH-HNF4α axis using small molecule inhibitors of CES2 or sEH reduced cell viability. Conclusions We establish a novel regulatory loop between CES2 and HNF4α to sustain the progenitor subtype and promote PDAC progression and highlight the potential utility of CES2 or sEH inhibitors for the treatment of PDAC as part of non-irinotecan-containing regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Chen
- Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michela Capello
- Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mayrim V Rios Perez
- Departments of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jody V Vykoukal
- Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Roife
- Departments of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ya'an Kang
- Departments of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura R Prakash
- Departments of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Katayama
- Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ehsan Irajizad
- Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alia Fleury
- Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sammy Ferri-Borgogno
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dodge L Baluya
- Departments of Center for Radiation Oncology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer B Dennison
- Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kim-Anh Do
- Departments of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- UC Davis Genome Center - Metabolomics, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, CA, USA; and
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA;; Departments of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Departments of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul J Chiao
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew H G Katz
- Departments of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason B Fleming
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Samir M Hanash
- Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Johannes F Fahrmann
- Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Guan B, WU Y, Du F, Zhuang J, Yang Y, Guan G, Liu X. LncRNAs Associated with Chemoradiotherapy Response and Prognosis in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6275-6292. [PMID: 34866926 PMCID: PMC8636753 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s334096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are only limited studies on the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) response and prognosis of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients. This study identified lncRNAs associated with NCRT response and prognosis in CRC patients and explored their potential predictive mechanisms. METHODS The study subjected the LncRNA expression profiles from our previous gene chip data to LASSO and identified a four-lncRNA signature that predicted NCRT response and prognosis. A Cox regression model was subsequently performed to identify the prognostic risk factors. The function of LINC00909, the lncRNA with the most powerful predictive ability, was finally identified in vivo and in vitro using CRC cell lines. RESULTS A comparison of the relative lncRNA expression of NCRT-responsive and non-responsive patients revealed four hub lncRNAs: DBET, LINC00909, FLJ33534, and HSD52 with AUC = 0.68, 0.73, 0.73, and 0.70, respectively (all p < 0.05). COX regression analysis further demonstrated that DBET, LINC00909 and FLJ33534 were associated with the DFS in CRC patients. The expression of the four lncRNAs was also significant in LARC patients who had not undergone NCRT (all p < 0.05). A risk score model was subsequently constructed based on the results of the multivariate COX analysis and used to predict NCRT response and prognosis in the CRC and LARC patients. The expression and prognosis of DBET, LINC00909 and FLJ33534 in the CRC tissues were further validated in the R2 platform and Oncomine database. Notably, overexpression of the LINC00909 increased the cell line resistance to the 5-FU and radiotherapy in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION DBET, LINC00909, and FLJ33534 are potential novel biomarkers for predicting NCRT response and prognosis in CRC patients. In particular, LINC00909 is an effective oncogene in CRC that could be used as a novel therapeutic target to enhance NCRT response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingjie Guan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong WU
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinfu Zhuang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanfeng Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoxian Guan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cui Z, Li Y, He S, Wen F, Xu X, Lu L, Wu S. Key Candidate Genes - VSIG2 of Colon Cancer Identified by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:5739-5750. [PMID: 34290531 PMCID: PMC8289327 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s316584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the most common malignancies. To identify candidate genes that may be involved in colon adenocarcinoma development and progression, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct gene co-expression networks to explore associations between gene sets and clinical features and to identify candidate biomarkers. Moreover, we intend to make a preliminary exploration on it. Methods Gene expression profiles and clinical information were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas COAD database for analysis. The gene expression profiles of GSE106582 and GSE110224 were screened from the Gene Expression Omnibus database for verification. WGCNA analysis, functional pathway enrichment analysis, and prognosis analysis were performed on three databases. Target genes were selected from the key genes for experimental verification and research. Results Key genes obtained by WGCNA analysis were mainly enriched in key functions and pathways such as drug metabolism, steroid hormones, and retinol metabolism. A total of four prognostic genes were screened out: SELENBP1, NAT2, VSIG2, and CES2. VSIG2 was selected as the target gene for experimental verification, and its encoded protein was found to be mainly expressed in immune cells. Its expression was positively correlated with immune infiltration. Conclusions VSIG2 was shown to be associated with immune invasion and antigen presentation in COAD, suggesting it plays an important role in COAD development and progression. It could be used as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target for COAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongze Cui
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang He
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Wen
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhen Lu
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhua Wu
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cellular Mechanisms Accounting for the Refractoriness of Colorectal Carcinoma to Pharmacological Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092605. [PMID: 32933095 PMCID: PMC7563523 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) causes a high number (more than 800,000) of deaths worldwide each year. Better methods for early diagnosis and the development of strategies to enhance the efficacy of the therapeutic approaches used to complement or substitute surgical removal of the tumor are urgently needed. Currently available pharmacological armamentarium provides very moderate benefits to patients due to the high resistance of tumor cells to respond to anticancer drugs. The present review summarizes and classifies into seven groups the cellular and molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance (MOC) accounting for the failure of CRC response to the pharmacological treatment. Abstract The unsatisfactory response of colorectal cancer (CRC) to pharmacological treatment contributes to the substantial global health burden caused by this disease. Over the last few decades, CRC has become the cause of more than 800,000 deaths per year. The reason is a combination of two factors: (i) the late cancer detection, which is being partially solved by the implementation of mass screening of adults over age 50, permitting earlier diagnosis and treatment; (ii) the inadequate response of advanced unresectable tumors (i.e., stages III and IV) to pharmacological therapy. The latter is due to the existence of complex mechanisms of chemoresistance (MOCs) that interact and synergize with each other, rendering CRC cells strongly refractory to the available pharmacological regimens based on conventional chemotherapy, such as pyrimidine analogs (5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, trifluridine, and tipiracil), oxaliplatin, and irinotecan, as well as drugs targeted toward tyrosine kinase receptors (regorafenib, aflibercept, bevacizumab, cetuximab, panitumumab, and ramucirumab), and, more recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (nivolumab, ipilimumab, and pembrolizumab). In the present review, we have inventoried the genes involved in the lack of CRC response to pharmacological treatment, classifying them into seven groups (from MOC-1 to MOC-7) according to functional criteria to identify cancer cell weaknesses. This classification will be useful to pave the way for developing sensitizing tools consisting of (i) new agents to be co-administered with the active drug; (ii) pharmacological approaches, such as drug encapsulation (e.g., into labeled liposomes or exosomes); (iii) gene therapy interventions aimed at restoring the impaired function of some proteins (e.g., uptake transporters and tumor suppressors) or abolishing that of others (such as export pumps and oncogenes).
Collapse
|