1
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Chou CL, Chen TJ, Li WS, Lee SW, Yang CC, Tian YF, Lin CY, He HL, Wu HC, Shiue YL, Li CF, Kuo YH. Upregulated Ubiquitin D is a Favorable Prognostic Indicator for Rectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Preoperative Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:1171-1181. [PMID: 36238133 PMCID: PMC9553428 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s378666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose For locally advanced rectal cancer, neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) allows tumor downstaging and makes curative radical proctectomy possible. However, we lack a genetic biomarker to predict cancer prognosis or treatment response. We investigated the association between ubiquitin D (UBD) expression and clinical outcomes in rectal cancer patients receiving CCRT. Patients and Methods We analyzed the genes associated with the protein modification process (GO:0036211) and identified the UBD gene as the most relevant among the top 7 differentially expressed genes associated with CCRT resistance. We collected tissue specimens from 172 rectal cancer patients who had received CCRT followed by a curative proctectomy. We examine the relationship between UBD expression and patient characteristics, pathological findings, and patient survival, such as metastasis-free survival (MeFS) and disease-specific survival. Results Upregulated UBD expression was associated with lower pre-CCRT tumor T stage (P = 0.009), lower post-CCRT tumor T stage (P < 0.001), lower post-CCRT nodal stage (P < 0.001), less vascular invasion (P = 0.015), and better tumor regression (P < 0.001). Using univariate analysis, we found that high UBD expression was correlated with better disease-free survival (DFS) (P < 0.0001), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) (P < 0.0001) and MeFS (P < 0.0001). Moreover, multivariate analysis demonstrated that high UBD expression was associated with superior DFS (P < 0.001), LRFS (P = 0.01), and MeFS (P = 0.004). Conclusion UBD upregulation was linked to better clinical prognosis, favorable pathological features, and good treatment response in rectal cancer patients undergoing CCRT. These results suggest UBD is a biomarker for rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lin Chou
- Department of Medical Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, 717, Taiwan,Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ju Chen
- Department of Medical Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, 717, Taiwan,Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan,Department of Clinical Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan,Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Shan Li
- Department of Medical Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, 717, Taiwan,Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan,Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Wei Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, 736, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chieh Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan,College of Pharmacy and Science, Chia Nan University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Tian
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin He
- Department of Pathology, E-DA Hospital & E-DA Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chang Wu
- College of Pharmacy and Science, Chia Nan University, Tainan, Taiwan,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yow-Ling Shiue
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan,Institute of Precision Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- Institute of Precision Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan,Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan,College of Pharmacy and Science, Chia Nan University, Tainan, Taiwan,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan,Institute of Precision Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan,Correspondence: Yu-Hsuan Kuo; Chien-Feng Li, No. 901, Zhonghua Road Yongkang Dist, Tainan City, Taiwan, Tel +886-6-2812811, Fax +886-6-2510218; Fax +886-6-2510218, Email ;
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2
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Song A, Wang Y, Jiang F, Yan E, Zhou J, Ye J, Zhang H, Ding X, Li G, Wu Y, Zheng Y, Song X. Ubiquitin D Promotes Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma via NF-Kappa B Signaling. Mol Cells 2021; 44:468-480. [PMID: 34230226 PMCID: PMC8334351 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.2229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin D (UBD) is highly upregulated in many cancers, and plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiological processes of cancers. However, its roles and underlying mechanisms in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of UBD in patients with OSCC. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to measure the expression of UBD in OSCC tissues. Immunohistochemistry assay was used to detect the differential expressions of UBD in 244 OSCC patients and 32 cases of normal oral mucosae. In addition, CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to evaluate the effect of UBD on the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in OSCC. Furthermore, a xenograft tumor model was established to verify the role of UBD on tumor formation in vivo. We found that UBD was upregulated in human OSCC tissues and cell lines and was associated with clinical and pathological features of patients. Moreover, the overexpression of UBD promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of OSCC cells; however, the knockdown of UBD exerted the opposite effects. In this study, our results also suggested that UBD promoted OSCC progression through NF-κB signaling. Our findings indicated that UBD played a critical role in OSCC and may serve as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Enshi Yan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Junbo Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Jinhai Ye
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Hongchuang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Xuzhou No. 1 Peoples Hospital, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Xu Ding
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Yunong Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xiaomeng Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
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3
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Jia Y, Ji P, French SW. The Role of FAT10 in Alcoholic Hepatitis Pathogenesis. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070189. [PMID: 32630199 PMCID: PMC7399975 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
FAT10 expression is highly up-regulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines IFNγ and TNFα in all cell types and tissues. Increased FAT10 expression may induce increasing mitotic non-disjunction and chromosome instability, leading to tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarized others’ and our work on FAT10 expression in liver biopsy samples from patients with alcoholic hepatitis (AH). FAT10 is essential to maintain the function of liver cell protein quality control and Mallory–Denk body (MDB) formation. FAT10 overexpression in AH leads to balloon degeneration and MDB aggregation formation, all of which is prevented in fat10-/- mice. FAT10 causes the proteins’ accumulation, overexpression, and forming MDBs through modulating 26s proteasome’s proteases. The pathway that increases FAT10 expression includes TNFα/IFNγ and the interferon sequence response element (ISRE), followed by NFκB and STAT3, which were all up-regulated in AH. FAT10 was only reported in human and mouse specimens but plays critical role for the development of alcoholic hepatitis. Flavanone derivatives of milk thistle inhibit TNFα/IFNγ, NFκB, and STAT3, then inhibit the expression of FAT10. NFκB is the key nodal hub of the IFNα/TNFα-response genes. Studies on Silibinin and other milk thistle derivatives to treat AH confirms that overexpressed FAT10 is the major key molecule in these networks.
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4
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Aichem A, Sailer C, Ryu S, Catone N, Stankovic-Valentin N, Schmidtke G, Melchior F, Stengel F, Groettrup M. The ubiquitin-like modifier FAT10 interferes with SUMO activation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4452. [PMID: 31575873 PMCID: PMC6773726 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The covalent attachment of the cytokine-inducible ubiquitin-like modifier HLA-F adjacent transcript 10 (FAT10) to hundreds of substrate proteins leads to their rapid degradation by the 26 S proteasome independently of ubiquitylation. Here, we identify another function of FAT10, showing that it interferes with the activation of SUMO1/2/3 in vitro and down-regulates SUMO conjugation and the SUMO-dependent formation of promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) bodies in cells. Mechanistically, we show that FAT10 directly binds to and impedes the activity of the heterodimeric SUMO E1 activating enzyme AOS1/UBA2 by competing very efficiently with SUMO for activation and thioester formation. Nevertheless, activation of FAT10 by AOS1/UBA2 does not lead to covalent conjugation of FAT10 with substrate proteins which relies on its cognate E1 enzyme UBA6. Hence, we report that one ubiquitin-like modifier (FAT10) inhibits the conjugation and function of another ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) by impairing its activation. FAT10 is an ubiquitin-like modifier that targets proteins to proteasomal degradation. Here, the authors show that FAT10 also regulates SUMO activation in vitro and in cells, providing evidence for functional crosstalk between two ubiquitin-like modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Aichem
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland. .,Department of Biology, Division of Immunology, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Carolin Sailer
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stella Ryu
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, Division of Immunology, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Nicola Catone
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Stankovic-Valentin
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gunter Schmidtke
- Department of Biology, Division of Immunology, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Frauke Melchior
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Stengel
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marcus Groettrup
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, Division of Immunology, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
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5
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Wang F, Zhao B. UBA6 and Its Bispecific Pathways for Ubiquitin and FAT10. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092250. [PMID: 31067743 PMCID: PMC6539292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Questions have been raised since the discovery of UBA6 and its significant coexistence with UBE1 in the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS). The facts that UBA6 has the dedicated E2 enzyme USE1 and the E1–E2 cascade can activate and transfer both ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like protein FAT10 have attracted a great deal of attention to the regulational mechanisms of the UBA6–USE1 cascade and to how FAT10 and ubiquitin differentiate with each other. This review recapitulates the latest advances in UBA6 and its bispecific UBA6–USE1 pathways for both ubiquitin and FAT10. The intricate networks of UBA6 and its interplays with ubiquitin and FAT10 are briefly reviewed, as are their individual and collective functions in diverse physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengting Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Bo Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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6
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Kawamoto A, Nagata S, Anzai S, Takahashi J, Kawai M, Hama M, Nogawa D, Yamamoto K, Kuno R, Suzuki K, Shimizu H, Hiraguri Y, Yui S, Oshima S, Tsuchiya K, Nakamura T, Ohtsuka K, Kitagawa M, Okamoto R, Watanabe M. Ubiquitin D is Upregulated by Synergy of Notch Signalling and TNF-α in the Inflamed Intestinal Epithelia of IBD Patients. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13:495-509. [PMID: 30395194 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The intestinal epithelium of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients is exposed to various pro-inflammatory cytokines, most notably tumour necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]. We have previously shown that the Notch signalling pathway is also upregulated in such an epithelium, contributing to intestinal epithelial cell [IEC] proliferation and regeneration. We aimed to reproduce such environment in vitro and explore the gene regulation involved. METHODS Human IEC cell lines or patient-derived organoids were used to analyse Notch- and TNF-α-dependent gene expression. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyse expression of ubiquitin D [UBD] in various patient-derived intestinal tissues. RESULTS In human IEC cell lines, we found that Notch signalling and TNF-α-induced NFκB signalling are reciprocally regulated to promote expression of a specific gene subset. Global gene expression analysis identified UBD to be one of the most highly upregulated genes, due to synergy of Notch and TNF-α. The synergistic expression of UBD was regulated at the transcriptional level, whereas the UBD protein had an extremely short half-life due to post-translational, proteasomal degradation. In uninflamed intestinal tissues from IBD patients, UBD expression was limited to IECs residing at the crypt bottom. In contrast, UBD-expressing IECs were seen throughout the crypt in inflamed tissues, indicating substantial induction by the local inflammatory environment. Analysis using patient-derived organoids consistently confirmed conserved Notch- and TNF-α-dependent expression of UBD. Notably, post-infliximab [IFX] downregulation of UBD reflected favourable outcome in IBD patients. CONCLUSION We propose that UBD is a novel inflammatory-phase protein expressed in IECs, with a highly rapid responsiveness to anti-TNF-α treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Kawamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nagata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Anzai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mao Kawai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minami Hama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Nogawa
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouhei Yamamoto
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Kuno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Hiraguri
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiro Yui
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Oshima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Advanced Therapeutics in GI Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ohtsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kitagawa
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Jia Y, French B, Tillman B, French S. Different roles of FAT10, FOXO1, and ADRA2A in hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis in patients with alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) vs non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 105:144-149. [PMID: 30009772 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Among others, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) are the two major risk factors as both of them may develop cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) if left untreated. However, patients with NASH progress to HCC at a rate around 0.5% annually, while 3-10% ASH patients may progress to HCC annually. The present study is to demonstrate the molecular differences in oncogenesis pathway between NASH and ASH. By using immunofluorescence study and quantitating the fluorescence intensity morphometrically in liver biopsied specimens from NASH and ASH patients, the protein expression of candidate molecules within hepatocytes cytoplasm are studied, including two HCC-related molecules FAT10 and FOXO1, and one GPCR pathway related molecule ADRA2A. Compared with the control group patients, the expression levels of all the molecules were upregulated in the ASH group of patients (p < 0.001 in all molecules), while FAT10 and ADRA2A were upregulated, FOXO1 did not change in the NASH group of patients. The most important finding is that compared with the ASH group of patients, the expression levels of all three molecules were significantly lower than in the NASH group of patients (p < 0.001 in all molecules). These results confirmed our previous finding that there are significant differences of molecules change in ASH compared to NASH. Thus, we conclude that there are significantly different molecules and pathways involved during the pathogenesis of HCC development in ASH compared to NASH which could help explain why the tumorigenic rate is different in ASH and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jia
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Torrance, CA 90502, United States.
| | - Barbara French
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Torrance, CA 90502, United States
| | - Brittany Tillman
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Torrance, CA 90502, United States
| | - Samuel French
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Torrance, CA 90502, United States
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8
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Xue F, Zhu L, Meng QW, Wang L, Chen XS, Zhao YB, Xing Y, Wang XY, Cai L. FAT10 is associated with the malignancy and drug resistance of non-small-cell lung cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:4397-409. [PMID: 27499634 PMCID: PMC4959415 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s98410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has become one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide, and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for ~85% of all lung cancer cases. Currently, platinum-based chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin and carboplatin, are the most effective treatment for NSCLC. However, the clinical efficacy of chemotherapy is markedly reduced later in the treatment because drug resistance develops during the treatment. Recently, a series of studies has suggested the involvement of FAT10 in the development and malignancy of multiple cancer types. In this study, we focused our research on the function of FAT10 in NSCLC, which has not been previously reported in the literature. We found that the expression levels of FAT10 were elevated in quick chemoresistance NSCLC tissues, and we demonstrated that FAT10 promotes NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, the protein levels of FAT10 were elevated in cisplatin- and carboplatin-resistant NSCLC cells, and knockdown of FAT10 reduced the drug resistance of NSCLC cells. In addition, we gained evidence that FAT10 regulates NSCLC malignancy and drug resistance by modulating the activity of the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xue
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital; Department of Medical Oncology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Wei Meng
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Liyan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital
| | - Xue-Song Chen
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Yan-Bin Zhao
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Ying Xing
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Xiao-Yun Wang
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Li Cai
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
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9
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The ubiquitin-like modifier FAT10 in cancer development. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 79:451-461. [PMID: 27393295 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During the last years it has emerged that the ubiquitin-like modifier FAT10 is directly involved in cancer development. FAT10 expression is highly up-regulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α in all cell types and tissues and it was also found to be up-regulated in many cancer types such as glioma, colorectal, liver or gastric cancer. While pro-inflammatory cytokines within the tumor microenvironment probably contribute to FAT10 overexpression, an increasing body of evidence argues that pro-malignant capacities of FAT10 itself largely underlie its broad and intense overexpression in tumor tissues. FAT10 thereby regulates pathways involved in cancer development such as the NF-κB- or Wnt-signaling. Moreover, FAT10 directly interacts with and influences downstream targets such as MAD2, p53 or β-catenin, leading to enhanced survival, proliferation, invasion and metastasis formation of cancer cells but also of non-malignant cells. In this review we will provide an overview of the regulation of FAT10 expression as well as its function in carcinogenesis.
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10
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Zhang SY, Cao N, Chen MK, Zhang LD, Bai YQ, Yang YX. Diagnostic value of plasma HLA-F adjacent transcript 10 mRNA expression in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or colon cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:5775-5783. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i36.5775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To detect plasma levels of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-F adjacent transcript 10 (FAT10) mRNA in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or colon cancer (CC), and to assess its diagnostic value.
METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 70 patients with HCC, 60 patients with cirrhosis, 64 patients with CC, and 64 healthy volunteers. The expression levels of plasma FAT10 mRNA and α-fetoprotein (AFP) protein were measured by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively.
RESULTS: The positive rates of FAT10 mRNA in plasma of patients with HCC, those with cirrhosis and healthy controls were 72.85%, 28.3% and 12.5%, respectively, and there were significantly differences in the three groups (P < 0.05). High expression levels of FAT10 mRNA in HCC were related to TNM stage and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). The positive rate of FAT10 mRNA was also significantly higher in CC patients than in healthy controls (P < 0.05). The up-regulation of FAT10 mRNA in CC was closely related to Duke's stage and distance metastasis. FAT10 mRNA had a sensitivity of 66.6% for diagnosis of AFP-negative HCC. Furthermore, the FAT10 mRNA had a sensitivity of 68.8% and specificity of 79.8% in distinguishing small HCC patients from non-HCC individuals (cirrhosis patients and healthy controls). Combined AFP and FAT10 mRNA detection could improve the sensitivity to 84.4%.
CONCLUSION: FAT10 mRNA is a promising serological marker for HCC and CC. Plasma FAT10 mRNA and AFP protein could be combined to improve the diagnosis of HCC.
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Ganesan M, Hindman J, Tillman B, Jaramillo L, Poluektova LI, French BA, Kharbanda KK, French SW, Osna NA. FAT10 suppression stabilizes oxidized proteins in liver cells: Effects of HCV and ethanol. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:506-16. [PMID: 26407761 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
FAT10 belongs to the ubiquitin-like modifier (ULM) family that targets proteins for degradation and is recognized by 26S proteasome. FAT10 is presented on immune cells and under the inflammatory conditions, is synergistically induced by IFNγ and TNFα in the non-immune (liver parenchymal) cells. It is not clear how viral proteins and alcohol regulate FAT10 expression on liver cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether FAT10 expression on liver cells is activated by the innate immunity factor, IFNα and how HCV protein expression in hepatocytes and ethanol-induced oxidative stress affect the level of FAT10 in liver cells. For this study, we used HCV(+) transgenic mice that express structural HCV proteins and their HCV(-) littermates. Mice were fed Lieber De Carli diet (control and ethanol) as specified in the NIH protocol for chronic-acute ethanol feeding. Alcohol exposure enhanced steatosis, induced oxidative stress and decreased proteasome activity in the liversof these mice, with more robust response to ethanol in HCV(+) mice. IFNα induced transcriptional activation of FAT10 in liver cells, which was dysregulated by ethanol feeding. Accordingly, IFNα-activated expression of FAT10 in hepatocytes (measured by indirect immunofluorescent of liver tissue) was also suppressed by ethanol exposure in both HCV(+) and HCV(-) mice. This suppression was accompanied with ethanol-mediated induction of lipid peroxidation marker, 4-HNE. All aforementioned effects of ethanol were attenuated by in vivo feeding of mice with the pro-methylating agent, betaine, which exhibits strong anti-oxidant properties. Based on this study, we hypothesize that FAT10 targets oxidatively modified proteins for proteasomal degradation, and that the reduction in FAT10 levels along with decreased proteasome activity may contribute to stabilization of these altered proteins in hepatocytes. In conclusion, IFNα induced FAT10 expression, which is suppressed by ethanol feeding in both HCV(+) and HCV(-) mice. Betaine treatment reverses HCV-ethanol induced dysregulation of protein methylation and oxidative stress, thereby restoring the FAT10 expression on liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Joseph Hindman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Brittany Tillman
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Lee Jaramillo
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Larisa I Poluektova
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Barbara A French
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Samuel W French
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Natalia A Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
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12
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Schelpe J, Monté D, Dewitte F, Sixma TK, Rucktooa P. Structure of UBE2Z Enzyme Provides Functional Insight into Specificity in the FAT10 Protein Conjugation Machinery. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:630-9. [PMID: 26555268 PMCID: PMC4705383 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.671545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
FAT10 conjugation, a post-translational modification analogous to ubiquitination, specifically requires UBA6 and UBE2Z as its activating (E1) and conjugating (E2) enzymes. Interestingly, these enzymes can also function in ubiquitination. We have determined the crystal structure of UBE2Z and report how the different domains of this E2 enzyme are organized. We further combine our structural data with mutational analyses to understand how specificity is achieved in the FAT10 conjugation pathway. We show that specificity toward UBA6 and UBE2Z lies within the C-terminal CYCI tetrapeptide in FAT10. We also demonstrate that this motif slows down transfer rates for FAT10 from UBA6 onto UBE2Z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Schelpe
- From the UMR8576 CNRS-Université de Lille, 50 Avenue de Halley, 59658 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France and
| | - Didier Monté
- From the UMR8576 CNRS-Université de Lille, 50 Avenue de Halley, 59658 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France and
| | - Frédérique Dewitte
- From the UMR8576 CNRS-Université de Lille, 50 Avenue de Halley, 59658 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France and
| | - Titia K Sixma
- Division of Biochemistry and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Prakash Rucktooa
- From the UMR8576 CNRS-Université de Lille, 50 Avenue de Halley, 59658 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France and Division of Biochemistry and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Is surveillance colonoscopy necessary for patients with sporadic gastric hyperplastic polyps? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122996. [PMID: 25874940 PMCID: PMC4395217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric polyps, such as adenomas and hyperplastic polyps, can be found in various colonic polyposis syndromes. Unlike in sporadic gastric adenomas, in which the increased risk of colorectal neoplasia has been well characterized, information in sporadic gastric hyperplastic polyps was limited. Aim To evaluate the association of sporadic gastric hyperplastic polyps with synchronous colorectal neoplasia in a large cohort. Methods Patients with sporadic gastric hyperplastic polyps who underwent colonoscopy simultaneously or within six months were consecutively enrolled. Each patient was compared with two randomly selected age and sex matched controls without gastric polyps who also underwent colonoscopy in the same period. Data of patients’ demographics and characteristics of the gastrointestinal polyps were documented. Results A total of 261 cases in 118,576 patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy were diagnosed as sporadic gastric hyperplastic polyps, and 192 of 261 (73.6%) patients underwent colonoscopy. Colorectal neoplasias were identified in 46 (24.0%) of 192 cases and in 40 (10.4%) of 384 controls (P<0.001). The mean size and distribution of colorectal neoplasias were not significantly different between the two groups. There was a significantly higher rate of colorectal adenoma (odds ratio [OR] 3.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9–5.3) in the gastric hyperplastic polyps group than in the control group, while the prevalence of colorectal cancer was similar in the two groups. Logistic regression analysis also suggested that the presence of gastric hyperplastic polyps (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.5–4.0) was an independent risk factor for colorectal neoplasias. Conclusion The risk of colorectal adenoma increases in patients with sporadic gastric hyperplastic polyps, and surveillance colonoscopy for these patients should be considered.
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Abstract
FAT10 (HLA-F-adjacent transcript 10) is a ubiquitin-like modifier that is commonly overexpressed in various tumors. It was found to play a role in mitotic regulation through its interaction with mitotic arrest-deficient 2 (MAD2). Overexpression of FAT10 promotes tumor growth and malignancy. Here, we identified the MAD2-binding interface of FAT10 to be located on its first ubiquitin-like domain whose NMR structure thus was determined. We further proceeded to demonstrate that disruption of the FAT10-MAD2 interaction through mutation of specific MAD2-binding residues did not interfere with the interaction of FAT10 with its other known interacting partners. Significantly, ablation of the FAT10-MAD2 interaction dramatically limited the promalignant capacity of FAT10, including promoting tumor growth in vivo and inducing aneuploidy, proliferation, migration, invasion, and resistance to apoptosis in vitro. Our results strongly suggest that the interaction of FAT10 with MAD2 is a key mechanism underlying the promalignant property of FAT10 and offer prospects for the development of anticancer strategies.
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15
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Abstract
FAT10 (HLA-F-adjacent transcript 10) is a ubiquitin-like modifier that is commonly overexpressed in various tumors. It was found to play a role in mitotic regulation through its interaction with mitotic arrest-deficient 2 (MAD2). Overexpression of FAT10 promotes tumor growth and malignancy. Here, we identified the MAD2-binding interface of FAT10 to be located on its first ubiquitin-like domain whose NMR structure thus was determined. We further proceeded to demonstrate that disruption of the FAT10-MAD2 interaction through mutation of specific MAD2-binding residues did not interfere with the interaction of FAT10 with its other known interacting partners. Significantly, ablation of the FAT10-MAD2 interaction dramatically limited the promalignant capacity of FAT10, including promoting tumor growth in vivo and inducing aneuploidy, proliferation, migration, invasion, and resistance to apoptosis in vitro. Our results strongly suggest that the interaction of FAT10 with MAD2 is a key mechanism underlying the promalignant property of FAT10 and offer prospects for the development of anticancer strategies.
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16
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Induction of anti-tumor immunity by dendritic cells transduced with FAT10 recombinant adenovirus in mice. Cell Immunol 2014; 293:17-21. [PMID: 25461613 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive and rapidly fatal malignancy representing the common cancer worldwide. The specific cellular gene involved in carcinogenesis has not been fully identified. The ubiquitin-like modifier FAT10, a recently reported to be over-expressed in 90% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) carcinomas, and might be regarded as an ideal target for HCC therapy. In the present study, we utilized DCs transduced with FAT10 recombinant adenovirus to elicit CTLs in vitro. In addition, the Trimera mice were immunized with the transduced DCs to elicit the immune response in vivo. The results demonstrated that transduced DCs could effectively induce specific CTL response against HCC without lysing autologous lymphocytes, but also significantly inhibit the tumor growth and prolong the life span of tumor bearing mice. These results suggest that FAT10 recombinant adenovirus transduced DCs might be a promising therapeutical strategy for treatment of HCC.
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Yuan R, Wang K, Hu J, Yan C, Li M, Yu X, Liu X, Lei J, Guo W, Wu L, Hong K, Shao J. Ubiquitin-like protein FAT10 promotes the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by modifying β-catenin degradation. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5287-300. [PMID: 25056121 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-like protein FAT10 and the homeobox protein HOXB9 each promote metastatic progression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we investigated the clinicopathologic significance of FAT10 and HOXB9 in HCC and investigated a mechanistic role for FAT10 in HOXB9-mediated invasiveness and metastasis. Relative to adjacent normal tissues, FAT10 and HOXB9 were markedly overexpressed in HCC, where a positive correlation in their expression and associated malignant characteristics were found. RNAi-mediated silencing of FAT10 decreased HOXB9 expression and inhibited HCC invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. The effects of FAT10 silencing were reversed by HOXB9 overexpression, whereas RNAi-mediated silencing of HOXB9 decreased HCC invasion and metastasis driven by FAT10 overexpression. Mechanistically, FAT10 regulated HOXB9 expression by modulating the β-catenin/TCF4 pathway, directly binding to β-catenin and preventing its ubiquitination and degradation. Together, our results identified a novel HCC regulatory circuit involving FAT10, β-catenin/TCF4, and HOXB9, the dysfunction of which drives invasive and metastatic character in HCC. Cancer Res; 74(18); 5287-300. ©2014 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfa Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Hepatobiliary Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Hepatobiliary Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Junwen Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Hepatobiliary Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiuxia Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Lei
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Hepatobiliary Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Wuhua Guo
- Department of Digestion, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Linquan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Hepatobiliary Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Kui Hong
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China.
| | - Jianghua Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Hepatobiliary Disease, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China.
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18
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Liu H, Li J, Tillman B, Morgan TR, French BA, French SW. TLR3/4 signaling is mediated via the NFκB-CXCR4/7 pathway in human alcoholic hepatitis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis which formed Mallory-Denk bodies. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 97:234-40. [PMID: 24997224 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling which stimulates inflammatory and proliferative pathways is the key element in the pathogenesis of Mallory-Denk bodies (MDBs) in mice fed DDC. However, little is known as to how TLR signaling is regulated in MDB formation during chronic liver disease development. The first systematic study of TLR signaling pathway transcript regulation in human archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) liver biopsies with MDB formation is presented here. When compared to the activation of Toll-like signaling in alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients, striking similarities and obvious differences were observed. Similar TLRs (TLR3 and TLR4, etc.), TLR downstream adaptors (MyD88 and TRIF, etc.) and transcript factors (NFκB and IRF7, etc.) were all upregulated in the patients' livers. MyD88, TLR3 and TLR4 were significantly induced in the livers of AH and NASH compared to normal subjects, while TRIF and IRF7 mRNA were only slightly upregulated in AH patients. This is a different pathway from the induction of the TLR4-MyD88-independent pathway in the AH and NASH patients with MDBs present. Importantly, chemokine receptor 4 and 7 (CXCR4/7) mRNAs were found to be induced in the patients livers in FAT10 positive hepatocytes. The CXCR7 pathway was significantly upregulated in patients with AH and the CXCR4 was markedly upregulated in patients with NASH, indicating that CXCR4/7 is crucial in liver MDB formation. This data constitutes the first demonstration of the upregulation of the MyD88-dependent TLR4/NFκB pathway in AH and NASH where MDBs formed, via the NFκB-CXCR4/7 pathway, and provides further insight into the mechanism of MDB formation in human liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- LA BioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | - Jun Li
- LA BioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | - Brittany Tillman
- LA BioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | | | - Barbara A French
- LA BioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | - Samuel W French
- LA BioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Torrance, CA 90509, USA.
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Liu H, Li J, Tillman B, French BA, French SW. Ufmylation and FATylation pathways are downregulated in human alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and mice fed DDC, where Mallory-Denk bodies (MDBs) form. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 97:81-8. [PMID: 24893112 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported the mechanisms involved in the formation of Mallory-Denk bodies (MDBs) in mice fed DDC. To further provide clinical evidence as to how ubiquitin-like protein (Ubls) modification, gene transcript expression in Ufmylation and FATylation were investigated in human archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) liver biopsies and frozen liver sections from DDC re-fed mice were used. Real-time PCR analysis showed that all Ufmylation molecules (Ufm1, Uba5, Ufc1, Ufl1 and UfSPs) were significantly downregulated, both in DDC re-fed mice livers and patients' livers where MDBs had formed, indicating that gene transcript changes were limited to MDB-forming livers where the protein quality control system was downregulated. FAT10 and subunits of the immunoproteasome (LMP2 and LMP7) were both upregulated as previously shown. An approximate 176- and 5-fold upregulation (respectively) of FAT10 was observed in the DDC re-fed mice liver and in the livers of human alcoholic hepatitis with MDBs present, implying that there was an important role played by this gene. The FAT10-specific E1 and E2 enzymes Uba6 and USE1, however, were found to be downregulated both in patients' livers and in the liver of DDC re-fed mice. Interestedly, the downregulation of mRNA levels was proportionate to MDB abundance in the liver tissues. Our results show the first systematic demonstration of transcript regulation of Ufmylation and FATylation in the liver of patients who form MDBs, where protein quality control is downregulated. This was also shown in the livers of DDC re-fed mice where MDBs had formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Liu
- Department of Pathology, LABioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | - J Li
- Department of Pathology, LABioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | - B Tillman
- Department of Pathology, LABioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | - B A French
- Department of Pathology, LABioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | - S W French
- Department of Pathology, LABioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90509, USA.
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Panebianco C, Saracino C, Pazienza V. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition: molecular pathways of hepatitis viruses-induced hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:7307-15. [PMID: 24833096 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fifth most common tumor and the third cause of death for cancer in the world. Among the main causative agents of this tumor is the chronic infection by hepatitis viruses B and C, which establish a context of chronic inflammation degenerating in fibrosis, cirrhosis, and, finally, cancer. Recent findings, however, indicate that hepatitis viruses are not only responsible for cancer onset but also for its progression towards metastasis. Indeed, they are able to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a process of cellular reprogramming underlying tumor spread. In this manuscript, we review the currently known molecular mechanisms by which hepatitis viruses induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition and, thus, hepatocellular carcinoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Panebianco
- Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" IRCCS Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
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21
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Gao Y, Theng SS, Zhuo J, Teo WB, Ren J, Lee CGL. FAT10, an ubiquitin-like protein, confers malignant properties in non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic cells. Carcinogenesis 2013; 35:923-34. [PMID: 24325913 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
FAT10 (HLA-F-adjacent transcript 10) is an ubiquitin-like modifier, which has been implicated in immune response and cancer development. In particular, the hypothesis of FAT10 as a mediator of tumorigenesis stems from its ability to associate with a spindle checkpoint protein Mad2 during mitosis and cause aneuploidy, a hallmark of cancer cells. Furthermore, FAT10 is overexpressed in several carcinomas types, including that of liver and colon. Nevertheless, direct evidence linking FAT10 to cell malignant transformation and progression is lacking. Here, we demonstrate that high FAT10 expression enhanced the proliferative, invasive, migratory and adhesive functions of the transformed cell line, HCT116. These observations were consistently demonstrated in an immortalized, non-tumorigenic liver cell line NeHepLxHT. Importantly, FAT10 can induce malignant transformation as evidenced from the anchorage-independent growth as well as in vivo tumor-forming abilities of FAT10-overexpressing NeHepLxHT cells, whereas in rapidly proliferating HCT116, increased FAT10 further augmented tumor growth. FAT10 was found to activate nuclear factor-κB (NFκB), which in turn upregulated the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7. Importantly, small interfering RNA depletion of CXCR7 and CXCR4 attenuated cell invasion of FAT10-overexpressing cells, indicating that the CXCR4/7 is crucial for the FAT10-dependent malignant phenotypes. Taken together, our data reveal novel functions of FAT10 in malignant transformation and progression, via the NFκB-CXCR4/7 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gao
- Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
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22
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Liu L, Dong Z, Liang J, Cao C, Sun J, Ding Y, Wu D. As an independent prognostic factor, FAT10 promotes hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma progression via Akt/GSK3β pathway. Oncogene 2013; 33:909-20. [PMID: 23812429 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
FAT10 is an oncogene that is localized at 6q21.3, a region frequently amplified in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, growing attention has been paid to its effect in the initiation of various cancers. However, there has been little research into the influence of FAT10 on the progression and prognosis of HCC, especially in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC. Here, we aimed at investigating clincopathological significance of FAT10 in HBV-related HCC and its underlying mechanisms. Based on the analysis of FAT10 expression in a reliable and large number of cases with 5-year follow-up, we showed that FAT10 was significantly increased in 260 samples from HBV-related HCC patients, compared with 30 normal tissue, 50 cirrhosis and matched adjacent nontumor tissues. FAT10 expression is correlated with recurrence and poor prognosis in HBV-related HCC. In addition, ectopic expression of FAT10 enhanced cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis and induced cell cycle progression, whereas silencing FAT10 expression suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. FAT10 also induced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promoted invasion of HCC cells. Furthermore, we found Akt/GSK3β pathway contributed to the effects of FAT10 in HCC cells. Blocking the Akt pathway significantly inhibited the actions of FAT10. Taken together, the ubiquitin-like protein FAT10 has a central role in regulating diverse aspects of the pathogenesis of HCC, indicating that it might be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - C Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Ding
- 1] Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [2] Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - D Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Merbl Y, Refour P, Patel H, Springer M, Kirschner MW. Profiling of ubiquitin-like modifications reveals features of mitotic control. Cell 2013; 152:1160-72. [PMID: 23452859 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like (Ubl) protein modifications affect protein stability, activity, and localization, but we still lack broad understanding of the functions of Ubl modifications. We have profiled the protein targets of ubiquitin and six additional Ubls in mitosis using a functional assay that utilizes active mammalian cell extracts and protein microarrays and identified 1,500 potential substrates; 80-200 protein targets were exclusive to each Ubl. The network structure is nonrandom, with most targets mapping to a single Ubl. There are distinct molecular functions for each Ubl, suggesting divergent biological roles. Analysis of differential profiles between mitosis and G1 highlighted a previously underappreciated role for the Ubl, FAT10, in mitotic regulation. In addition to its role as a resource for Ubl modifications, our study provides a systematic approach to analyze changes in posttranslational modifications at various cellular states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifat Merbl
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Warren Alpert 536, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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24
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Increased Expression of FAT10 is Correlated with Progression and Prognosis of Human Glioma. Pathol Oncol Res 2012; 18:833-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-012-9511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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