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Gautam S, Singh N, Marwaha D, Rai N, Sharma M, Tiwari P, Singh S, Kumar Bakshi A, Kumar A, Agarwal N, Prakash Shukla R, Ranjan Mishra P. Celastrol-loaded polymeric mixed micelles shows improved antitumor efficacy in 4 T1 bearing xenograft mouse model through spatial targeting. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124234. [PMID: 38763310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we have proposed a novel approach that combines hyaluronic acid (HA), folic acid (FA), and celastrol (CLS) within a polymeric micelle system (CLS-HF/MLs), offering a dual-action strategy against breast cancer. Polymeric mixed micelles were prepared through the thin-film hydration method, and comprehensive quality control parameters were established, encompassing particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, surface morphology, encapsulation efficiency, drug content, in vitro drug release, and storage stability assessment. The average particle size of CLS-HF/MLs micelles was found to be 120 nm and their drug loading and encapsulation efficiencies were 15.9 % and 89.52 %, respectively. The in vitro release data showed that the CLS-HF/MLs targeted mixed micelles displayed a prolonged release profile compared to the free drug. Additionally, the stability of the developed polymeric mixed micelles was maintained for up to 8 weeks of storage in terms of particle size and drug content. Furthermore, both flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy studies indicated a significant enhancement in the cellular uptake efficiency and cytotoxicity of CLS-HF/MLs mixed micelles against MCF-7 cell line. In terms of pharmacokinetic analysis, the half-life and AUC values of CLS-HF/MLs mixed micelles were found to be approximately 4.71- and 7.36-folds higher than the values of free drug (CLS), respectively. The CLS-HF/MLs micelles exhibited remarkable antitumor efficacy (almost complete ablation of the 4 T1-cell bearing tumor xenografts mouse model) due to the dual receptor (CD44 and folate) targeting effects with minimal side effects. When considering the cumulative findings of our present research, it becomes evident that mixed micelles designed for chemotherapy offer a promising and potentially effective therapeutic avenue for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Gautam
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, U.P., India
| | - Neha Singh
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Disha Marwaha
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Nikhil Rai
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Madhu Sharma
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Pratiksha Tiwari
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Avijit Kumar Bakshi
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Ankit Kumar
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Neha Agarwal
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Ravi Prakash Shukla
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Prabhat Ranjan Mishra
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, U.P., India.
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Cho O, Lee JW, Jeong YJ, Kim LK, Jung BK, Heo TH. Celastrol, which targets IL-2/CD25 binding inhibition, induces T cell-mediated antitumor activity in melanoma. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 962:176239. [PMID: 38043776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) induces contrasting immune responses depending on its binding receptor subunit; thus, selective receptor binding is considered a key challenge in cancer therapeutic strategies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibition of IL-2 action and antitumor activity of celastrol (CEL), a compound identified in a screen for IL-2/CD25 binding inhibitors, and to elucidate the underlying role of CEL in immune cells. We found that CEL selectively impairs the binding of IL-2 and CD25 and directly binds to IL-2 but not to CD25. CEL significantly suppressed the proliferation and signaling of IL-2-dependent murine T cells and interfered with IL-2-responsive STAT5 phosphorylation in IL-2 reporter cells and human PBMCs. After confirming the impact of CEL on IL-2, we evaluated its antitumor activity in C57BL/6 mice bearing B16F10 tumors and found that CEL significantly inhibited tumor growth by increasing CD8+ T cells. We also found that CEL did not inhibit tumor growth in T cell-deficient BALB/c nude mice, suggesting that its activity was mediated by the T-cell response. Moreover, combination therapy with low-dose CEL and a TNFR2 antagonist synergistically improved the therapeutic efficacy of the individual monotherapies by increasing the ratio of intratumoral CD8/Treg cells and suppressing Foxp3 expression. These findings suggest that CEL, which inhibits CD25 binding by targeting IL-2, exerts antitumor activity by mediating the T-cell response and could be a promising candidate for combination therapy in cancer immunotherapy against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okki Cho
- Laboratory of Pharmacoimmunology, Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and BK21 FOUR Team for Advanced Program for SmartPharma Leaders, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Woon Lee
- Laboratory of Pharmacoimmunology, Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and BK21 FOUR Team for Advanced Program for SmartPharma Leaders, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Jeong
- Laboratory of Pharmacoimmunology, Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and BK21 FOUR Team for Advanced Program for SmartPharma Leaders, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee Kyung Kim
- Laboratory of Pharmacoimmunology, Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and BK21 FOUR Team for Advanced Program for SmartPharma Leaders, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Kyung Jung
- Laboratory of Pharmacoimmunology, Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and BK21 FOUR Team for Advanced Program for SmartPharma Leaders, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwe Heo
- Laboratory of Pharmacoimmunology, Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and BK21 FOUR Team for Advanced Program for SmartPharma Leaders, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea.
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Vilaboa N, Voellmy R. Withaferin A and Celastrol Overwhelm Proteostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:367. [PMID: 38203539 PMCID: PMC10779417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Withaferin A (WA) and celastrol (CEL) are major bioactive components of plants that have been widely employed in traditional medicine. The pleiotropic activities of plant preparations and the isolated compounds in vitro and in vivo have been documented in hundreds of studies. Both WA and CEL were shown to have anticancer activity. Although WA and CEL belong to different chemical classes, our synthesis of the available information suggests that the compounds share basic mechanisms of action. Both WA and CEL bind covalently to numerous proteins, causing the partial unfolding of some of these proteins and of many bystander proteins. The resulting proteotoxic stress, when excessive, leads to cell death. Both WA and CEL trigger the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) which, if the proteotoxic stress persists, results in apoptosis mediated by the PERK/eIF-2/ATF4/CHOP pathway or another UPR-dependent pathway. Other mechanisms of cell death may play contributory or even dominant roles depending on cell type. As shown in a proteomic study with WA, the compounds appear to function largely as electrophilic reactants, indiscriminately modifying reachable nucleophilic amino acid side chains of proteins. However, a remarkable degree of target specificity is imparted by the cellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Vilaboa
- Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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Ma S, Zheng Y, Ma J, Zhang X, Qu D, Song N, Sang C, Hui L. Lappaconitine sulfate inhibits proliferation and induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis via regulating PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway in HeLa cells. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3695-3705. [PMID: 37306713 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lappaconitine (LA), a diterpenoid alkaloid extracted from the root of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai, exhibits broad pharmacological effects, including anti-tumor activity. The inhibitory effect of lappaconitine hydrochloride (LH) on HepG2 and HCT-116 cells and the toxicity of lappaconitine sulfate (LS) on HT-29, A549, and HepG2 cells have been described. But the mechanisms of LA against human cervical cancer HeLa cells still need to be clarified. This study was designed to investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of lappaconitine sulfate (LS) on the growth inhibition and apoptosis in HeLa cells. The cell viability and proliferation were evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-ethynyl-2´-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, respectively. The cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry analysis and 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was determined through the 5, 5', 6, 6'-tetrachloro-1, 1', 3, 3'-tetraethylbenzimi-dazolyl carbocyanine iodide (JC-1) staining. The cell cycle arrest-, apoptosis-, and the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (PI3K/AKT/GSK3β) pathway-related proteins were estimated by western blot analysis. LS markedly reduced the viability and suppressed the proliferation of HeLa cells. LS induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest through the inhibition of Cyclin D1, p-Rb, and induction of p21 and p53. Furthermore, LS triggered apoptosis through the activation of mitochondrial-mediated pathway based on decrease of Bcl-2/Bax ratio and MMP and activation of caspase-9/7/3. Additionally, LS led to constitutive downregulation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway. Collectively, LS inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis through mitochondrial-mediated pathway by suppression of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaocheng Ma
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yidan Zheng
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Junyi Ma
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Danni Qu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Na Song
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Chunyan Sang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drug of Gansu Province, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Ling Hui
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drug of Gansu Province, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
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Prabhu SS, Nair AS, Nirmala SV. Multifaceted roles of mitochondrial dysfunction in diseases: from powerhouses to saboteurs. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:723-743. [PMID: 37751031 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The fact that mitochondria play a crucial part in energy generation has led to the nickname "powerhouses" of the cell being applied to them. They also play a significant role in many other cellular functions, including calcium signalling, apoptosis, and the creation of vital biomolecules. As a result, cellular function and health as a whole can be significantly impacted by mitochondrial malfunction. Indeed, malignancies frequently have increased levels of mitochondrial biogenesis and quality control. Adverse selection exists for harmful mitochondrial genome mutations, even though certain malignancies include modifications in the nuclear-encoded tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes that generate carcinogenic metabolites. Since rare human cancers with mutated mitochondrial genomes are often benign, removing mitochondrial DNA reduces carcinogenesis. Therefore, targeting mitochondria offers therapeutic options since they serve several functions and are crucial to developing malignant tumors. Here, we discuss the various steps involved in the mechanism of cancer for which mitochondria plays a significant role, as well as the role of mitochondria in diseases other than cancer. It is crucial to understand mitochondrial malfunction to target these organelles for therapeutic reasons. This highlights the significance of investigating mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer and other disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surapriya Surendranath Prabhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Aathira Sujathan Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Saiprabha Vijayakumar Nirmala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India.
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Wang C, Dai S, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Gong L, Fu K, Ma C, Peng C, Li Y. Celastrol as an emerging anticancer agent: Current status, challenges and therapeutic strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114882. [PMID: 37196541 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Celastrol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F., which has multiple pharmacological activities. In particular, modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that celastrol exhibits significant broad-spectrum anticancer activities in the treatment of a variety of cancers, including lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, hematological malignancies, gastric cancer, prostate cancer, renal carcinoma, breast cancer, bone tumor, brain tumor, cervical cancer, and ovarian cancer. Therefore, by searching the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and CNKI, this review comprehensively summarizes the molecular mechanisms of the anticancer effects of celastrol. According to the data, the anticancer effects of celastrol can be mediated by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion, inducing cell apoptosis, suppressing autophagy, hindering angiogenesis and inhibiting tumor metastasis. More importantly, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Bcl-2/Bax-caspase 9/3, EGFR, ROS/JNK, NF-κB, STAT3, JNK/Nrf2/HO-1, VEGF, AR/miR-101, HSF1-LKB1-AMPKα-YAP, Wnt/β-catenin and CIP2A/c-MYC signaling pathways are considered as important molecular targets for the anticancer effects of celastrol. Subsequently, studies of its toxicity and pharmacokinetic properties showed that celastrol has some adverse effects, low oral bioavailability and a narrow therapeutic window. In addition, the current challenges of celastrol and the corresponding therapeutic strategies are also discussed, thus providing a theoretical basis for the development and application of celastrol in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xingtao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lihong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ke Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Abd-Rabou AA, Shalby AB, Kotob SE. An ellagitannin-loaded CS-PEG decorated PLGA nano-prototype promotes cell cycle arrest in colorectal cancer cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023:10.1007/s12013-023-01132-5. [PMID: 37067762 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Egypt, as a developing country, has a high-rise incidence of cancer. The current study objective was to investigate the antitumor influences of ellagitannin-loaded CS-PEG-decorated PLGA nano-prototypes against human colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT 116 as well as Caco-2) in vitro. Doxorubicin (DOX), punicalin (PN), and punicalagin (PNG)-encapsulated chitosan-polyethylene glycol-decorated PLGA (PLGA-CS-PEG) nanoparticles (NPs) were described. The cytotoxicity of each preparation was evaluated using MTT assays in HCT 116 as well as Caco-2 cells during G0, G1, S, and G2 cell cycle phases. Cell cycle-related gene expression and protein levels were measured after treatment. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were also measured. Both PN and PNG PLGA-CS-PEG NPs induce colon cancer cell death with cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase in vitro. Caco-2 cells were more sensitive to the nano-therapy than HCT 116 cells. Upon treatment, the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 expression was increased following nano-therapy, with increased levels of Cas-3 and decreased expression of Bcl-2, PI3k, and NF-ĸB compared to control. The nitric oxide level (NO), a marker of ROS, was increased following nano-therapy compared to control. In conclusion, ROS-mediated cell cycle arrest can be induced by PN as well as PNG nano-therapy in cell lines of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Abd-Rabou
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Aziza B Shalby
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Soheir E Kotob
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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Xu H, Wang J, Chen Y, Du Y, Chen L, Wu C, Wang L, Chen G. Design, synthesis and evaluation of the novel chalcone derivatives with 2,2-dimethylbenzopyran as HIF-1 inhibitors that possess anti-angiogenic potential. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 250:115171. [PMID: 36774697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) as a key mediator in tumor metastasis, angiogenesis and poor patient prognosis, has been recognized as an important cancer drug target. Up to now, some HIF-1 inhibitors with diverse skeletal structures were reported as anticancer agents, mostly natural product-derived compounds. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of chalcone-based compounds with 2,2-dimethylbenzopyran using the combination principles to select benzopyrans and chalcones natural products. A novel series of chalcone-based compounds with 2,2-dimethylbenzopyran were evaluated as HIF-1 inhibitor. HRE luciferase reporter assay demonstrated compounds showed superior HIF-1 inhibitory activity. Among them, compound 16e exhibited the best features: the strongest HIF-1 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 2.38 μM, 3-fold higher than that of LXH-SYP-7). Meanwhile, it also significantly suppressed migration and VEGF-induced invasion of A549 cells in nontoxic concentrations. Additionally, tube formation assay demonstrated its anti-angiogenesis activity. Moreover, the in vivo study indicated that compound 16e could retard angiogenesis in the matrigel plug assay model, and almost no new blood vessels were formed in the suppository when it reached 20 μM. Finally, we also performed a subchronic toxicity test in which doses up to 50 mg/kg were administered orally for 10 days in Kunming mice with no toxic adverse effects and were well tolerated. These findings support the further investigation on the anti-invasive and anti-angiogenic potential of this class of compounds as HIF-1 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huashen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China; Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi, 117004, PR China
| | - Yuanguang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Yang Du
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Lu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China; Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi, 117004, PR China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China; Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi, 117004, PR China.
| | - Guoliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
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Kang J, Jeong YJ, Ha SK, Lee HH, Lee KW. Glyoxal-derived advanced glycation end-products, N ε-carboxymethyl-lysine, and glyoxal-derived lysine dimer induce apoptosis-related gene expression in hepatocytes. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2511-2520. [PMID: 36609749 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are proteins or lipids that have been glycated nonenzymatically by reducing sugars and their derivatives such as methylglyoxal. AGEs are known to cause inflammation, oxidative stress, and diseases in the human body. The toxic effects of AGEs and their structures on the origin of the protein being modified have not been well studied. METHODS AND RESULTS Five different types of AGEs: AGE1 (glucose-derived), AGE2 (glyceraldehyde-derived), AGE3 (glycolaldehyde-derived), AGE4 (methylglyoxal-derived), and AGE5 (glyoxal-derived); were used to examine the effect of AGEs on HepG2 cells. AGE2 through 5 increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in liver cells, an initiating factor for apoptosis. At the mRNA and protein levels, AGE5 treatment showed the greatest increase in expression of apoptosis-related factors such as Bax, p53, and Caspase 3. Quantitative analysis revealed that Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and glyoxal-lysine dimer (GOLD) were the important types of AGE5. The ROS generation and the expression of apoptotic factors both increased when cells were treated with CML and GOLD. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that AGE5 treatment activates the apoptosis-related gene expression in hapatocytes, with CML and GOLD as potential major AGE compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jison Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life science & Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, 02841, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life science & Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, 02841, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Keun Ha
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Hee Lee
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life science & Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, 02841, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life science & Biotechnology, Korea University, 02841, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Construction of a novel blood brain barrier-glioma microfluidic chip model: Applications in the evaluation of permeability and anti-glioma activity of traditional Chinese medicine components. Talanta 2023; 253:123971. [PMID: 36201955 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Since most anti-glioma drug candidates hardly permeate through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), preclinical models that can integrate the complexity of the tumor microenvironment and the structure and function of the BBB is urgently needed for the treatment of glioma. Herein, we constructed an in vitro BBB-glioma microfluidic chip model lined by primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes and glioma cells, which could recapitulate the high level of barrier function of the in vivo human BBB and glioma microenvironment. The BBB unit in BBB-glioma microfluidic chip (BBB-U251 chip) displayed selective permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer-dextran (FITC-dextran) with different molecular weights and three model drugs with different permeability behavior across BBB, which indicated that this glioma model included a functional barrier. Six potential anti-glioma components in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were delivered into the blood channel and the permeated amount was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with ultraviolet (HPLC-UV). The permeated drugs then directly acted on 3D cultured glioma cells (U251) to evaluate the drug efficacy. The results of permeability coefficients of drugs showed that the data were closer to the in vivo data of traditional Transwell model. The effect of the drugs on U251 cells in the BBB-U251 chip was significantly lower due to the existence of BBB. Drug responses on glioma demonstrated the necessity to take BBB into account during the development of anti-glioma new drugs. Therefore, this 3D glioma microfluidic models integrating the BBB functionality can be a useful platform for screening the anticancer drug for brain tumors.
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11
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Huang S, Hu P, Lakowski TM. Bioinformatics driven discovery of small molecule compounds that modulate the FOXM1 and PPARA pathway activities in breast cancer. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2022:10.1038/s41397-022-00297-1. [PMID: 36424525 PMCID: PMC10382320 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-022-00297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOur previous studies demonstrated that the FOXM1 pathway is upregulated and the PPARA pathway downregulated in breast cancer (BC), and especially in the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype. Targeting the two pathways may offer potential therapeutic strategies to treat BC, especially TNBC which has the fewest effective therapies available among all BC subtypes. In this study we identified small molecule compounds that could modulate the PPARA and FOXM1 pathways in BC using two methods. In the first method, data were initially curated from the Connectivity Map (CMAP) database, which provides the gene expression profiles of MCF7 cells treated with different compounds as well as paired controls. We then calculated the changes in the FOXM1 and PPARA pathway activities from the compound-induced gene expression profiles under each treatment to identify compounds that produced a decreased activity in the FOXM1 pathway or an increased activity in the PPARA pathway. In the second method, the CMAP database tool was used to identify compounds that could reverse the expression pattern of the two pathways in MCF7 cells. Compounds identified as repressing the FOXM1 pathway or activating the PPARA pathway by the two methods were compared. We identified 19 common compounds that could decrease the FOXM1 pathway activity scores and reverse the FOXM1 pathway expression pattern, and 13 common compounds that could increase the PPARA pathway activity scores and reverse the PPARA pathway expression pattern. It may be of interest to validate these compounds experimentally to further investigate their effects on TNBCs.
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12
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Liu Z, Fan M, Xuan X, Xia C, Huang G, Ma L. Celastrol inhibits the migration and invasion and enhances the anti-cancer effects of docetaxel in human triple-negative breast cancer cells. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:189. [PMID: 36071249 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01792-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of anti-metastatic effect of celastrol is not fully understood in breast cancer cells. Herein, we investigated the activity and molecular mechanism of celastrol in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, which is a more aggressive subtype of breast cancer. The results of wound healing assay and trans-well assay revealed that celastrol inhibited cell migration and invasion under sub-cytotoxic concentrations in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 TNBC cells. Molecular data showed that the effect of celastrol on TNBC cells might be mediated via up-regulation of E-cadherin, a key protein involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, Hakai, an E3 ligase responsible for E-cadherin complex ubiquitination and degradation, was down-regulated under celastrol treatment. Hakai partially contributed to celastrol-induced anti-invasive effect. In addition, celastrol and docetaxel could synergistically inhibit growth and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells. Our results showing anti-migratory/anti-invasive effects of celastrol and associated mechanisms provide new evidence for the development of celastrol as a potential anti-metastatic compound against highly aggressive breast cancer, and celastrol in combination with docetaxel might potentially be used as a novel regimen for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, 59 Hudong Road, Ma'anshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Fan
- Department of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, 59 Hudong Road, Ma'anshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Xuan
- Department of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, 59 Hudong Road, Ma'anshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenlu Xia
- Department of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, 59 Hudong Road, Ma'anshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozheng Huang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, 59 Hudong Road, Ma'anshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, 59 Hudong Road, Ma'anshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Dey M, Singh RK. Exposure of aluminium to C6 glioma cells modulates molecular and functional neurotoxic markers. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23210. [PMID: 36056780 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The risk of aluminium exposure to humans is very high as it may get into the human body through excessive dietary contaminants, inhalation of fine particulate matter, or through parenteral routes as a vaccine adjuvant and so forth. The increased level of aluminium in brain tissue has been shown to be associated with several neurodegenerative and neurotoxic adverse effects, including AD. However, the exact mechanism of aluminium-induced neurotoxicity is still unclear. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the mechanism of neurotoxic and neurodegenerative effects through in vitro exposure of aluminium in rat glioma C6 cell line. The findings of our study have indicated that aluminium chloride exposure may lead to alteration in acetylcholine levels, increased oxidative imbalance and induction of molecular structural and functional markers of neuronal inflammation. This study also demonstrated that aluminium exposure may lead to the induction of caspase-3 along with apoptotic cell death and a significant increase in amyloid-beta and hyperphosphorylated tau levels in C6 cells. Thus, this study may provide a mechanistic understanding of the regulation of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative biomarkers due to aluminium exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangaldeep Dey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli Transit Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli Transit Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zhao K, Jiang Y, Zhang J, Shi J, Zheng P, Yang C, Chen Y. Celastrol inhibits pathologic neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy by targeting the miR-17-5p/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:2091-2108. [PMID: 35695424 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2087277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which is characterized by retinal neovascularization (RNV), is a major cause of neonatal blindness. The primary treatment for ROP is anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy, which is costly and can rapidly lead to desensitization. Celastrol, a bioactive compound extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. ("Thunder of God Vine"), has been shown to exert anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. However, whether celastrol has antiangiogenic activity and can suppress inflammation to inhibit ROP progression is unclear. This was investigated in the present study in vitro as well as in vivo using a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Our results showed that celastrol treatment reduced neovascular and avascular areas in the retina and inhibited microglia activation and inflammation in OIR mice. Celastrol also inhibited proliferation, migration, and tube formation in cultured human retinal microvascular endothelial cells, and reversed the activation of the microRNA (miR)-17-5p/hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α/VEGF pathway in the retina of OIR mice. These results indicate that celastrol alleviates pathologic RNV in the retina by protecting neuroglia and suppressing inflammation via inhibition of miR-17-5p/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling, and thus has therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of ROP.Abbreviations: BSA, bovine serum albumin; COX2, cyclooxygenase 2; ECM, endothelial cell medium; FBS, fetal bovine serum; HDAC, histone deacetylase; HIF-1, hypoxia-inducible factor 1; HRMEC, human retinal microvascular endothelial cell; Hsp70, heat shock protein; IB4, isolectin B4; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1; IL-1β/6, interleukin 1 beta/6; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; miRNA, microRNA; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B; OIR, oxygen-induced retinopathy; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase; qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR; RNV, retinal neovascularization; ROP, retinopathy of prematurity; RTCA, real-time cell analyzer; RVO, retinal vaso-obliteration; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yaping Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Pengxiang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chuanxi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yihui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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Wiggs A, Molina S, Sumner SJ, Rushing BR. A Review of Metabolic Targets of Anticancer Nutrients and Nutraceuticals in Pre-Clinical Models of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Nutrients 2022; 14:1990. [PMID: 35631131 PMCID: PMC9146055 DOI: 10.3390/nu14101990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that is notoriously aggressive and has poorer outcomes as compared with other breast cancer subtypes. Due to a lack of targeted therapies, TNBC is often treated with chemotherapeutics as opposed to hormone therapy or other targeted therapies available to individuals with estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancers. Because of the lack of treatment options for TNBC, other therapeutic avenues are being explored. Metabolic reprogramming, a hallmark of cancer, provides potential opportunities to target cancer cells more specifically, increasing efficacy and reducing side effects. Nutrients serve a significant role in metabolic processes involved in DNA transcription, protein folding, and function as co-factors in enzyme activity, and may provide novel strategies to target cancer cell metabolism in TNBC. This article reviews studies that have investigated how nutrients/nutraceuticals target metabolic processes in TNBC cells alone or in combination with existing drugs to exert anticancer effects. These agents have been shown to cause perturbations in many metabolic processes related to glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, as well as autophagy and oxidative stress-related metabolism. With this information, we present the potential of nutrients as metabolism-directed anticancer agents and the potential for using these agents alone or in cocktails as a new direction for TNBC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alleigh Wiggs
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Durham, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sabrina Molina
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 280821, USA
| | - Susan J. Sumner
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Durham, NC 27599, USA
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 280821, USA
| | - Blake R. Rushing
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Durham, NC 27599, USA
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 280821, USA
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Celastrol mitigates staphyloxanthin biosynthesis and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus via targeting key regulators of virulence; in vitro and in vivo approach. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:106. [PMID: 35421933 PMCID: PMC9011992 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02515-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of human infections. The spread of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci has driven the search for novel strategies to supersede antibiotics use. Thus, targeting bacterial virulence rather than viability could be a possible alternative.
Results
The influence of celastrol on staphyloxanthin (STX) biosynthesis, biofilm formation, antibiotic susceptibility and host pathogenesis in S. aureus has been investigated. Celastrol efficiently reduced STX biosynthesis in S. aureus. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and molecular docking revealed that celastrol inhibits STX biosynthesis through its effect on CrtM. Quantitative measurement of STX intermediates showed a significant pigment inhibition via interference of celastrol with CrtM and accumulation of its substrate, farnesyl diphosphate. Importantly, celastrol-treated S. aureus was more sensitive to environmental stresses and human blood killing than untreated bacteria. Similarly, inhibition of STX upon celastrol treatment rendered S. aureus more susceptible to membrane targeting antibiotics. In addition to its anti-pigment capability, celastrol exhibits significant anti-biofilm activity against S. aureus as indicated by crystal violet assay and microscopy. Celastrol-treated cells showed deficient exopolysaccharide production and cell hydrophobicity. Moreover, celastrol markedly synergized the action of conventional antibiotics against S. aureus and reduced bacterial pathogenesis in vivo using mice infection model. These findings were further validated using qRT-PCR, demonstrating that celastrol could alter the expression of STX biosynthesis genes as well as biofilm formation related genes and bacterial virulence.
Conclusions
Celastrol is a novel anti-virulent agent against S. aureus suggesting, a prospective therapeutic role for celastrol as a multi-targeted anti-pathogenic agent.
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17
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Scaffold hopping of celastrol provides derivatives containing pepper ring, pyrazine and oxazole substructures as potent autophagy inducers against breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 234:114254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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18
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Ou G, Jiang X, Gao A, Li X, Lin Z, Pei S. Celastrol Inhibits Canine Mammary Tumor Cells by Inducing Apoptosis via the Caspase Pathway. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:801407. [PMID: 35187141 PMCID: PMC8854749 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.801407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine mammary tumor is a serious disease threatening the health of dogs and can be used as a research model for human breast cancer. The study of canine mammary tumor has a role in improving the welfare of dogs. Most common canine mammary tumor chemotherapy drugs have limited effects and drug resistance. Celastrol is an extract of Tripterygium wilfordii, which has a wide range of biological activities, including significant anti-tumor effects. At present, celastrol has not been used in the clinical treatment for canine mammary tumor. This study investigated the anti-tumor properties of celastrol through in vitro assay of cell proliferation inhibition, cell colony, cell migration, and invasion; flow cytometry, qPCR, and Western Blot methods were used to explore the anti-tumor mechanism of celastrol. The results showed that celastrol can inhibit the proliferation of canine mammary tumor cells in vitro, and decrease the migration and invasion ability of canine mammary tumor cells. We also found that celastrol can upregulate Cleaved Caspase-3 and Cleaved Caspase-9 protein expression levels to promote cell apoptosis, and can regulate cell cycle-related proteins to induce cell cycle arrest. In summary, celastrol may inhibit canine mammary tumor cells through the Caspase pathway, providing a new direction for anti-canine mammary tumor drugs, and is expected to become a new anti-cancer drug for canine mammary tumors.
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19
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Song Y, Wang K, Loor JJ, Jiang Q, Yang Y, Jiang S, Liu S, He J, Feng X, Du X, Lei L, Gao W, Liu G, Li X. β-Hydroxybutyrate inhibits apoptosis in bovine neutrophils through activating ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:3477-3489. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Chen P, Wang B, Li M, Cui C, Liu F, Gao Y. Celastrol inhibits the proliferation and migration of MCF-7 cells through the leptin-triggered PI3K/AKT pathway. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3173-3181. [PMID: 35782744 PMCID: PMC9234344 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is the pivotal modulator in the onset and progression of breast cancer and obesity. Celastrol, which is extracted from the roots of Tripterygium wilfordi plants, exerts various anticancer bioactivities and has recently emerged as a candidate to treat obesity by improving leptin sensitivity. However, the relationship between leptin and celastrol in the treatment of breast cancer is unknown. Here, the growth and migration of MCF-7 cells induced by leptin were tested to demonstrate the antineoplastic activity of celastrol. Transcriptomic analysis and western blotting were conducted to explore the biological roles of leptin in treating breast cancer with celastrol. The present findings showed that celastrol remarkably reversed leptin-triggered cell proliferation and migration in MCF-7 cells. Fifty-two mRNAs with fivefold higher counts and 149 mRNAs with fivefold lower counts were identified in the celastrol-treated MCF-7 cells. According to the GO and KEGG analyses, the effects of celastrol on MCF-7 cells forced lipid metabolism and the endocrine system. Moreover, leptin treatment induced phosphorylation of leptin receptor and PI3K/AKT in MCF-7 cells, whereas pretreatment with celastrol partly abrogated leptin activation. The binding of celastrol to the leptin receptor was also confirmed by molecular docking. The antitumor effect of celastrol is proposed to be mediated by its binding to the leptin receptor and controlled downregulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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21
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Ding S, Dong X, Gao Z, Zheng X, Ji J, Zhang M, Liu F, Wu S, Li M, Song W, Shen J, Duan W, Liu J, Chen Y. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel N-(3-amino-4-methoxyphenyl)acrylamide derivatives as selective EGFR L858R/T790M kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2021; 118:105471. [PMID: 34798457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of N-(3-amino-4-methoxyphenyl)acrylamide scaffold, a series of novel compounds containing 3-substitutional-1-methyl-1H-indole, 2-substitutional pyrrole or thiophene moieties were synthesized and their in vitro antiproliferation activities against A549 and H1975 cell lines were evaluated. The results indicated that most of the compounds showed moderate to excellent antitumor activities. Especially, compounds 9a (A549 IC50 = 1.96 μM, H1975 IC50 = 0.095 μM), 17i (A549 IC50 = 4.17 μM, H1975 IC50 = 0.052 μM), 17j (A549 IC50 = 1.67 μM, H1975 IC50 = 0.061 μM) exhibited comparable antitumor activities and selectivity ratios compared to the positive control osimertinib (A549 IC50 = 2.91 μM, H1975 IC50 = 0.064 μM). In vitro inhibitory activities against EGFR kinases containing different mutations were also tested. Compound 17i showed remarkable inhibitory activity (with IC50 value of 1.7 nM) to EGFRL858R/T790M kinase and selectivity (22-folds compared to EGFRWT kinase). Furthermore, acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining assay, cell apoptosis assay, cell cycle distribution assay and wound-healing assay of the compounds 9a and 17i were performed on H1975 cell line. The results showed dose-dependent activities of the induction of apoptosis, G0/G1-phase arrestation and inhibition of migration, which were similar to the positive control osimertinib. Additionally, molecular docking analysis was performed to seek the possible binding mode between the selected compounds (9a, 17i-17j) and EGFRL858R/T790M kinase. The results demonstrated that compound 17i is a promising candidate and worth further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Ding
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110036, PR China; API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110036, PR China; Small Molecular Targeted Drug R&D Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Xiaoyong Dong
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Ziye Gao
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Xiangshan Zheng
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Jingchao Ji
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Mingjuan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Min Li
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Wenshan Song
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Jiwei Shen
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110036, PR China; API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110036, PR China; Small Molecular Targeted Drug R&D Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Wenwen Duan
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201210, PR China
| | - Ju Liu
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110036, PR China; API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110036, PR China; Small Molecular Targeted Drug R&D Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110036, PR China.
| | - Ye Chen
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110036, PR China; API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110036, PR China; Small Molecular Targeted Drug R&D Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110036, PR China.
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Guo L, Zhang Y, Al-Jamal KT. Recent progress in nanotechnology-based drug carriers for celastrol delivery. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:6355-6380. [PMID: 34582530 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00639h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Celastrol (CLT) is an active ingredient that was initially discovered and extracted from the root of Tripterygium wilfordii. The potential pharmacological activities of CLT in cancer, obesity, and inflammatory, auto-immune, and neurodegenerative diseases have been demonstrated in recent years. However, CLT's clinical application is extremely restricted by its low solubility/permeability, poor bioavailability, and potential off-target toxicity. The advent of nanotechnology provides a solution to improve the oral bioavailability, therapeutic effects or tissue-targeting ability of CLT. This review focuses on the most recent advances, improvements, inventions, and updated literature of various nanocarrier systems for CLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Guo
- Guizhou Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongqing South Road, Huaxi University City, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Yongping Zhang
- Guizhou Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongqing South Road, Huaxi University City, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Khuloud T Al-Jamal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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23
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Chen Y, Guo M, Qu D, Liu Y, Guo J, Chen Y. Furin-responsive triterpenine-based liposomal complex enhances anticervical cancer therapy through size modulation. Drug Deliv 2021; 27:1608-1624. [PMID: 33179521 PMCID: PMC7676817 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1827086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation and penetration of antitumor drugs in tumor tissues are directly related to their antitumor effects. The particle size of the nanodrug delivery system is one of the most important factors for the accumulation and penetration of antitumor drugs within tumor tissues. Generally, nanodelivery systems of intermediate size (100–120 nm) are capable of efficient accumulation owing to prolonged circulation and enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect; however, smaller ones (20–40 nm) are effective for deep penetration within tumor tissue. Currently a conventional drug delivery system cannot possess two types of optimal sizes, simultaneously. To solve this and to enhance cervical cancer treatment, a furin-responsive triterpenine-based liposomal complex (PEGcleavable Tf-CTM/L), with Tf-CTM (transferrin-modified tripterine-loaded coix seed oil microemulsion) in core, coated with a thermo-sensitive lipid and a kind of PEG shell modified with a furin-cleavable peptide was developed to improve tumor-specific accumulation and penetration. Herein, PEGcleavable Tf-CTM/L was capable of efficient accumulation because of EPR effect. The PEG shells could timely detach under stimulation of overexpressed furin protein to solve the problem of the steric hindrance dilemma. The small-sized Tf-CTM released under stimulation of tumor microthermal environment in cervical cancer, which was efficient with regards to deep penetration at tumor sites. Notably, compared to the use of triterpenine alone, PEGcleavable Tf-CTM/L promoted anticervical efficacy and displayed diminished systemic toxicity by efficient accumulation and deep penetration of antitumor drugs within tumor tissues. Our study provides a new strategy, and holds promising potential for anticervical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy,Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Mengfei Guo
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ding Qu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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24
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Ou L, Kang W, Zhang J, Wei P, Li M, Gao F, Dong T. Network Pharmacology-Based Investigation on the Anti-Osteoporosis Mechanism of Astragaloside IV. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211029549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragaloside IV is the main active ingredient of Astragalus membranaceus. Studies have found that it can promote the proliferation of osteoblasts and can antagonize the apoptosis of mouse osteoblasts induced by hydrogen peroxide, but its molecular mechanism for the treatment of osteoporosis is still not clear. First, we used 3 online platforms: CTD, PharmMapper and SwissTargetPrediction to retrieve the targets of Astragaloside IV, and collected osteoporosis-related targets. Next, we used Cytoscape 3.7.2 software to construct a visual network diagram of PPI and further screened the key genes of Astragaloside IV in the treatment of osteoporosis using cluster analysis. Finally, after the receptor and ligand were docked, the binding activity was assessed by docking score. We obtained 102 overlapping targets of Astragaloside IV and osteoporosis. According to the node degree value in the PPI network, the top 10 genes were PIK3CA, MAPK1, SRC, STAT3, VEGFA, HSP90AA1, RELA, AKT1, IGF1, EGFR, of which SRC, AKT1, PIK3CA could bind stably to Astragaloside IV. KEGG pathway enrichment results showed that Astragaloside IV treated osteoporosis through 10 main pathways, including PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, MAPK pathway, and so on. The classification of these pathways belongs to signal transduction, immune system, development and regeneration and endocrine system. Astragaloside IV is significantly related to several pathways involved in osteoporosis, such as PI3K-Akt, FoxO signaling pathway and MAPK pathway. SRC, AKT1, and PIK3CA can bind stably with Astragaloside IV, and they may be hub genes for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ou
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Wenqian Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Peifeng Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Taiwei Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
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Coghi P, Ng JPL, Kadioglu O, Law BYK, Qiu AC, Saeed MEM, Chen X, Ip CK, Efferth T, Liu L, Wong VKW. Synthesis, computational docking and biological evaluation of celastrol derivatives as dual inhibitors of SERCA and P-glycoprotein in cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113676. [PMID: 34256125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of eleven celastrol derivatives was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activities against six human cancer cell lines (A549, HepG2, HepAD38, PC3, DLD-1 Bax-Bak WT and DKO) and three human normal cells (LO2, BEAS-2B, CCD19Lu). To our knowledge, six derivatives were the first example of dipeptide celastrol derivatives. Among them, compound 3 was the most promising derivative, as it exhibited a remarkable anti-proliferative activity and improved selectivity in liver cancer HepAD38 versus human normal hepatocytes, LO2. Compound 6 showed higher selectivity in liver cancer cells against human normal lung fibroblasts, CCD19Lu cell line. The Ca2+ mobilizations of 3 and 6 were also evaluated in the presence and absence of thapsigargin to demonstrate their inhibitory effects on SERCA. Derivatives 3 and 6 were found to induce apoptosis on LO2, HepG2 and HepAD38 cells. The potential docking poses of all synthesized celastrol dipeptides and other known inhibitors were proposed by molecular docking. Finally, 3 inhibited P-gp-mediated drug efflux with greater efficiency than inhibitor verapamil in A549 lung cancer cells. Therefore, celastrol-dipeptide derivatives are potent drug candidates for the treatment of drug-resistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Coghi
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jerome P L Ng
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Onat Kadioglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Alena Congling Qiu
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Mohamed E M Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xi Chen
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Chi Kio Ip
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Liang Liu
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
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Xu H, Cai Y, Yu M, Sun J, Cai J, Li J, Qin B, Ying G, Chen T, Shen Y, Jie L, Xu D, Gu C, Wang C, Hu X, Chen J, Wang L, Chen G. Celastrol protects against early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats through alleviating blood-brain barrier disruption and blocking necroptosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:16816-16833. [PMID: 34182541 PMCID: PMC8266331 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a life-threatening disease worldwide, and effective pharmaceutical treatment is still lacking. Celastrol is a plant-derived triterpene which showed neuroprotective potential in several types of brain insults. This study aimed to investigate the effects of celastrol on early brain injury (EBI) after SAH. METHODS A total of sixty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Rat SAH endovascular perforation model was established to mimic the pathological changes of EBI after SAH. Multiple methods such as 3.0T MRI scanning, immunohistochemistry, western blotting and propidium iodide (PI) labeling were used to explore the therapeutic effects of celastrol on SAH. RESULTS Celastrol treatment attenuated SAH-caused brain swelling, reduced T2 lesion volume and ventricular volume in MRI scanning, and improved overall neurological score. Albumin leakage and the degradation of tight junction proteins were also ameliorated after celastrol administration. Celastrol protected blood-brain bairrer integrity through inhibiting MMP-9 expression and anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Additionally, necroptosis-related proteins RIP3 and MLKL were down-regulated and PI-positive cells in the basal cortex were less in the celastrol-treated SAH group than that in untreated SAH group. CONCLUSIONS Celastrol exhibits neuroprotective effects on EBI after SAH and deserves to be further investigated as an add-on pharmaceutical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangzhe Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yong Cai
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Mengyan Yu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Neurointensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Jingbo Li
- Neurointensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Bing Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Guangyu Ying
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yongfeng Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Liyong Jie
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Demin Xu
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518034, China
| | - Chi Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - XiaoYi Hu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jingsen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
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27
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Celastrol and Triptolide Suppress Stemness in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Notch as a Therapeutic Target for Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050482. [PMID: 33924995 PMCID: PMC8146582 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is observed in ~15% of breast cancers and results in poor survival and increased distant metastases. Within the tumor are present a small portion of cancer stem cells that drive tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this study, we aimed to elucidate whether the two natural compounds, celastrol and triptolide, inhibit stemness in TNBC. MDA-MB-231, BT20, and a patient-derived primary cells (PD-TNBC) were used in the study. Mammosphere assay was performed to assess the stemness. Both celastrol and triptolide treatment suppressed mammosphere formation. Furthermore, the compound suppressed expression of cancer stem cell marker proteins DCLK1, ALDH1, and CD133. Notch signaling plays a critical role in stem cells renewal. Both celastrol or triptolide reduced Notch -1 activation and expression of its downstream target proteins HES-1 and HEY-1. However, when NICD 1 was ectopically overexpressed in the cells, it partially rescued proliferation and mammosphere formation of the cells, supporting the role of notch signaling. Together, these data demonstrate that targeting stem cells and the notch signaling pathway may be an effective strategy for curtailing TNBC progression.
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Shang FF, Wang JY, Xu Q, Deng H, Guo HY, Jin X, Li X, Shen QK, Quan ZS. Design, synthesis of novel celastrol derivatives and study on their antitumor growth through HIF-1α pathway. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 220:113474. [PMID: 33930802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Four series of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) functioning derivatives stemming from modifications to the C-29 carboxyl group of celastrol were designed and synthesized, and their anticancer activities were evaluated. To address the structure and activity relationship of each derivative, extensive structural changes were made. HRE luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that 12 modified compounds showed superior HIF-1α inhibitory activity. Among them, compound C6 exhibited the best features: firstly, the strongest HIF-1α inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.05 μM, 5-fold higher than that of celastrol); secondly, lower cytotoxicity (22-fold lower, C6-16.85 μM vs celastrol-0.76 μM). Thus, the safety factor of C6 was about 112 times higher than that of celastrol. Western blot assay indicated that C6 may inhibit the expression of HIF-1α protein in cells. Additionally, C6 hindered tumor cell cloning, migration and induced cell apoptosis. It is worth mentioning that in the mouse tumor xenograft model, C6 (10 mg/kg) displayed good antitumor activity in vivo, showing a better inhibition rate (74.03%) than the reference compound 5-fluorouracil (inhibition rate, 59.58%). However, the celastrol treatment group experienced collective death after four doses of the drug. Moreover, C6 minimally affected the mouse weight, indicating that its application in vivo has little toxic effect. H&E staining experiments show that it could also exacerbate the degree of tumor cell damage. The results of water solubility experiment show that the solubility of C6 is increased by 1.36 times than that of celastrol. In conclusion, C6 is a promising antitumor agent through HIF-1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Fan Shang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Jing Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Hong-Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Xuejun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Qing-Kun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Zhe-Shan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
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Islam R, Lam KW. Recent progress in small molecule agents for the targeted therapy of triple-negative breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112812. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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30
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Webb MJ, Kukard C. A Review of Natural Therapies Potentially Relevant in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Aimed at Targeting Cancer Cell Vulnerabilities. Integr Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1534735420975861. [PMID: 33243021 PMCID: PMC7705812 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420975861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We reviewed the research into the mechanisms of growth of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) based on laboratory pre-clinical studies that have shaped understanding of the disease over the past decade. In response to these findings, we propose an approach to potentially prevent cancer metabolic adaptation and recurrence. This paper collates pre-clinical results, first to determine the tumor’s mechanisms of growth and then to source natural substances that could potentially suppress those mechanisms. The results from in vivo and in vitro studies of TNBC were combined first to select 10 primary mechanisms (Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, Hedgehog, MAPK, MTAP, NF-κ B, Notch, P13K, STAT3, and Wnt signaling pathways plus p53 and POL2A gene expression) that promote TNBC growth, and second to propose a treatment array of 21 natural compounds that suppress laboratory models of TNBC via these mechanisms. We included BRCA mutations in the review process, but only pathways with the most preclinical studies utilizing natural products were included. Then we outlined potential biomarkers to assess the changes in the micro-environment and monitor biochemical pathway suppression. This suppression-centric aim targets these mechanisms of growth with the goal of potentially halting tumor growth and preventing cancer cell metabolic adaptation. We chose TNBC to demonstrate this 5-step strategy of supplementary therapy, which may be replicated for other tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig Kukard
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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31
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Kuratli J, Leonard CA, Nufer L, Marti H, Schoborg R, Borel N. Maraviroc, celastrol and azelastine alter Chlamydia trachomatis development in HeLa cells. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:1351-1366. [PMID: 33180014 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction . Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is an obligate intracellular bacterium, causing a range of diseases in humans. Interactions between chlamydiae and antibiotics have been extensively studied in the past.Hypothesis/Gap statement: Chlamydial interactions with non-antibiotic drugs have received less attention and warrant further investigations. We hypothesized that selected cytokine inhibitors would alter Ct growth characteristics in HeLa cells.Aim. To investigate potential interactions between selected cytokine inhibitors and Ct development in vitro.Methodology. The CCR5 receptor antagonist maraviroc (Mara; clinically used as HIV treatment), the triterpenoid celastrol (Cel; used in traditional Chinese medicine) and the histamine H1 receptor antagonist azelastine (Az; clinically used to treat allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis) were used in a genital in vitro model of Ct serovar E infecting human adenocarcinoma cells (HeLa).Results. Initial analyses revealed no cytotoxicity of Mara up to 20 µM, Cel up to 1 µM and Az up to 20 µM. Mara exposure (1, 5, 10 and 20 µM) elicited a reduction of chlamydial inclusion numbers, while 10 µM reduced chlamydial infectivity. Cel 1 µM, as well as 10 and 20 µM Az, reduced chlamydial inclusion size, number and infectivity. Morphological immunofluorescence and ultrastructural analysis indicated that exposure to 20 µM Az disrupted chlamydial inclusion structure. Immunofluorescence evaluation of Cel-incubated inclusions showed reduced inclusion sizes whilst Mara incubation had no effect on inclusion morphology. Recovery assays demonstrated incomplete recovery of chlamydial infectivity and formation of structures resembling typical chlamydial inclusions upon Az removal.Conclusion. These observations indicate that distinct mechanisms might be involved in potential interactions of the drugs evaluated herein and highlight the need for continued investigation of the interaction of commonly used drugs with Chlamydia and its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Kuratli
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology (IVPZ) and Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cory Ann Leonard
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology (IVPZ) and Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lisbeth Nufer
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology (IVPZ) and Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hanna Marti
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology (IVPZ) and Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Schoborg
- Departement of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Infectious Disease, Inflammation and Immunity, Quillen College in Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Nicole Borel
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology (IVPZ) and Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Wang Z, Shi J, Zhu X, Zhao W, Gong Y, Hao X, Hou Y, Liu Y, Ding S, Liu J, Chen Y. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 4-phenoxypyridine based 3-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2-carboxamide derivatives as potential c-Met kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104371. [PMID: 33075664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Blocking c-Met kinase activity by small-molecule inhibitors has been identified as a promising approach for the treatment of cancers. Herein, we described the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of 4-phenoxypyridine-based 3-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinoxaline derivatives as c-Met kinase inhibitors. Inhibitory activitives against c-Met kinase evaluation indicated that most of compounds showed excellent c-Met kinase activity in vitro, and IC50 values of ten compounds (23a, 23e, 23f, 23l, 23r, 23s, 23v, 23w, 23x and 23y) were less than 10.00 nM. Notably, three of them (23v, 23w and 23y) showed remarkable potency with IC50 values of 2.31 nM, 1.91 nM and 2.44 nM, respectively, and thus they were more potent than positive control drug foretinib (c-Met, IC50 = 2.53 nM). Cytotoxic evaluation indicated the most promising compound 23w showed remarkable cytotoxicity against A549, H460 and HT-29 cell lines with IC50 values of 1.57 μM, 0.94 μM and 0.65 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining, cell apoptosis assays by flow cytometry, wound-healing assays and transwell migration assays on HT-29 and/or A549 cells of 23w were performed. Especially compound 23w, which displayed potent antitumor, apoptosis induction and antimetastatic activity, could be used as a promising lead for further development. Meanwhile, their preliminary structure-activity relationships (SARs) were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 10036, PR China
| | - Jiantao Shi
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 10036, PR China
| | - Xianglong Zhu
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 10036, PR China
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 10036, PR China
| | - Yilin Gong
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 10036, PR China
| | - Xuechen Hao
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 10036, PR China
| | - Yunlei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yajing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Shi Ding
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 10036, PR China
| | - Ju Liu
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 10036, PR China.
| | - Ye Chen
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 10036, PR China.
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33
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Yan F, Wu Z, Li Z, Liu L. Celastrol Inhibits Migration and Invasion of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells by Suppressing Interleukin-6 via Downregulating Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB). Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e922814. [PMID: 32920591 PMCID: PMC7510174 DOI: 10.12659/msm.922814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Celastrol is extracted from the root of the Chinese traditional herb Tripterygium wilfordii, which has anti-cancer effects in multiple cancers. However, the effect of celastrol on the metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer and its mechanism remain largely unknown. Material/Methods MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with various doses of celastrol for 24 h. Cell viability was measured via MTT analysis. Cell migration and invasion were detected via transwell analysis. The expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was measured after transfection of short-hairpin RNA against IL-6 or celastrol treatment via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis (ELISA). The protein levels in the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway were measured by Western blot. The interaction between celastrol and NF-κB-mediated IL-6 was investigated by luciferase reporter assay. Results High concentrations of celastrol inhibited viability of MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 cells, but low doses of celastrol showed little effect on cell viability. Low doses of celastrol suppressed cell migration and invasion, and knockdown of IL-6 also repressed cell migration and invasion. Moreover, treatment with celastrol decreased IL-6 expression at mRNA and protein levels. IL-6 overexpression mitigated celastrol-mediated suppression of cell migration and invasion. Additionally, celastrol blocked the NF-κB pathway to inhibit IL-6 levels. Conclusions Celastrol repressed migration and invasion through decreasing IL-6 levels by inactivation of NF-κB signaling in triple-negative breast cancer cells, providing a novel basis for use of celastrol in treating triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yan
- Department of Oncology, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Zihong Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Zihui Li
- Department of Oncology, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
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Song R, Wang H, Zhang M, Liu Y, Meng X, Zhai S, Wang C, Gong T, Wu Y, Jiang X, Bu W. Near‐Infrared Light‐Triggered Chlorine Radical (
.
Cl) Stress for Cancer Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Xianfu Meng
- Tongji University Cancer Center Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200072 P. R. China
| | - Shaojie Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 P. R. China
| | - Chao‐chao Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200072 P. R. China
| | - Teng Gong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Yelin Wu
- Tongji University Cancer Center Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200072 P. R. China
| | - Xingwu Jiang
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Bu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 P. R. China
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Song R, Wang H, Zhang M, Liu Y, Meng X, Zhai S, Wang CC, Gong T, Wu Y, Jiang X, Bu W. Near-Infrared Light-Triggered Chlorine Radical ( . Cl) Stress for Cancer Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21032-21040. [PMID: 32667130 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Free radicals with reactive chemical properties can fight tumors without causing drug resistance. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been widely used for cancer treatment, but regrettably, the common O2 and H2 O2 deficiency in tumors sets a severe barrier for sufficient ROS production, leading to unsatisfactory anticancer outcomes. Here, we construct a chlorine radical (. Cl) nano-generator with SiO2 -coated upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) on the inside and Ag0 /AgCl hetero-dots on the outside. Upon near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation, the short-wavelength emission UCNP catalyzes . Cl generation from Ag0 /AgCl with no dependence on O2 /H2 O2 . . Cl with strong oxidizing capacity and nucleophilicity can attack biomolecules in cancer cells more effectively than ROS. This . Cl stress treatment will no doubt broaden the family of oxidative stress-induced antitumor strategies by using non-oxygen free radicals, which is significant in the development of new anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China.,Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xianfu Meng
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Shaojie Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Chao Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Teng Gong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Yelin Wu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Xingwu Jiang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Bu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China.,Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
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Elhasany KA, Khattab SN, Bekhit AA, Ragab DM, Abdulkader MA, Zaky A, Helmy MW, Ashour HMA, Teleb M, Haiba NS, Elzoghby AO. Combination of magnetic targeting with synergistic inhibition of NF-κB and glutathione via micellar drug nanomedicine enhances its anti-tumor efficacy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 155:162-176. [PMID: 32818610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is not only one of the most prevalent types of cancer, but also it is a prime cause of death in women aged between 20 and 59. Although chemotherapy is the most common therapy approach, multiple side effects can result from lack of specificity and the use of overdose as safe doses may not completely cure cancer. Therefore, we aimed in this study is to combine the merits of NF-κB inhibiting potential of celastrol (CST) with glutathione inhibitory effect of sulfasalazine (SFZ) which prevents CST inactivation and thus enhances its anti-tumor activity. Inspired by the CD44-mediated tumor targeting effect of the hydrophilic polysaccharide chondroitin sulphate (ChS), we chemically synthesized amphiphilic zein-ChS micelles. While the water insoluble SFZ was chemically coupled to zein, CST was physically entrapped within the hydrophobic zein/SFZ micellar core. Moreover, physical encapsulation of oleic acid-capped SPIONs in the hydrophobic core of micelles enabled both magnetic tumor targeting as well as MRI theranostic capacity. Combining magnetic targeting to with the active targeting effect of ChS resulted in enhanced cellular internalization of the micelles in MCF-7 cancer cells and hence higher cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. In the in vivo experiments, magnetically-targeted micelles (154.4 nm) succeeded in achieving the lowest percentage increase in the tumor volume in tumor bearing mice, the highest percentage of tumor necrosis associated with significant reduction in the levels of TNF-α, Ki-67, NF-κB, VEGF, COX-2 markers compared to non-magnetically targeted micelles-, free drug-treated and positive control groups. Collectively, the developed magnetically targeted micelles pave the way for design of cancer nano-theranostic drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholod A Elhasany
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Sherine N Khattab
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Adnan A Bekhit
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt; Pharmacy Program, Allied Health Department, College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain, P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain.
| | - Doaa M Ragab
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Mohammad A Abdulkader
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
| | - Amira Zaky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
| | - Maged W Helmy
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhur University, Damanhur, Egypt
| | - Hayam M A Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Teleb
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Nesreen S Haiba
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O Elzoghby
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt; Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt; Center for Engineered Therapeutics (CET), Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Sathua K, Srivastava S, Flora SJS. MiADMSA ameliorate arsenic induced urinary bladder carcinogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110257. [PMID: 32474354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Arsenicosis is a major threat to public health and is a major cause of the development of urinary bladder cancer. Oxidative/ nitrosative stress is one of the key factors for these effects but the involvement of other associated factors is less known. There is a lack of data for the efficacy of chelator against urinary bladder carcinogenesis. The present study demonstrates the early signs of arsenic exposed urinary bladder carcinogenesis and its attenuation by Monoisoamyl dimercaptosuccinic acid (MiADMSA). METHODS Male rats were exposed to 50 ppm of sodium arsenite and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) via drinking water for 18 weeks and treated with MiADMSA (50 mg/kg, orally once daily for 5 days) for 3 weeks with a gap one week between the two courses of treatments. We compared in vivo data with in vitro by co-exposing 100 nM of sodium arsenite and DMA to rat (NBT-II) as well as human transitional epithelial carcinoma (T-24) cells with 100 nM of MiADMSA. RESULTS The data showed that sodium arsenite and DMA exposure significantly increased the tissue arsenic contents, ROS, TBARS levels, catalase, SOD activities and significantly decreased GSH level which might be responsible for an increased 8-OHdG level. These changes might have increased pro-oncogenic biomarkers like MMP-9 and survivin in serum, bladder tissues, NBT-II, and T-24 cells. High cell migration and clonogenic potential in NBT-II and T-24 cells exposed to arsenic suggest pronounced carcinogenic potential. Significant recovery in these biomarkers was noted on treatment with MiADMSA. CONCLUSION Early signs of urinary bladder carcinogenesis were observed in arsenic and DMA exposed rats which were linked to metal accumulation, oxidative/ nitrosative stress, 8-OHdG, MMP-9 and survivin which were reduced by MiADMSA possibly via its efficient chelation abilities in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshirod Sathua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, U.P., 226002, India
| | - Sakshi Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, U.P., 226002, India
| | - S J S Flora
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, U.P., 226002, India.
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Terpenoids, Cannabimimetic Ligands, beyond the Cannabis Plant. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071567. [PMID: 32235333 PMCID: PMC7181184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal use of Cannabis sativa L. has an extensive history and it was essential in the discovery of phytocannabinoids, including the Cannabis major psychoactive compound—Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC)—as well as the G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors (CBR), named cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1R) and cannabinoid receptor type-2 (CB2R), both part of the now known endocannabinoid system (ECS). Cannabinoids is a vast term that defines several compounds that have been characterized in three categories: (i) endogenous, (ii) synthetic, and (iii) phytocannabinoids, and are able to modulate the CBR and ECS. Particularly, phytocannabinoids are natural terpenoids or phenolic compounds derived from Cannabis sativa. However, these terpenoids and phenolic compounds can also be derived from other plants (non-cannabinoids) and still induce cannabinoid-like properties. Cannabimimetic ligands, beyond the Cannabis plant, can act as CBR agonists or antagonists, or ECS enzyme inhibitors, besides being able of playing a role in immune-mediated inflammatory and infectious diseases, neuroinflammatory, neurological, and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in cancer, and autoimmunity by itself. In this review, we summarize and critically highlight past, present, and future progress on the understanding of the role of cannabinoid-like molecules, mainly terpenes, as prospective therapeutics for different pathological conditions.
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Liu J, Gong Y, Shi J, Hao X, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Hou Y, Liu Y, Ding S, Chen Y. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel N-[4-(2-fluorophenoxy)pyridin-2-yl]cyclopropanecarboxamide derivatives as potential c-Met kinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 194:112244. [PMID: 32224380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Three series of novel 4-phenoxypyridine derivatives containing 4-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridazine- 3-carboxamide, 5-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyridazine-3-carboxamide and 4-methyl-3,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazine-6-carboxamide moieties were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory activitives against c-Met kinase and cytotoxic activitives against A549, H460, HT-29 cancer cell lines. The results indicated that most of the compounds showed moderate to good antitumor activitives. The most promising compound 26a (with c-Met IC50 value of 0.016 μM) showed remarkable cytotoxicity against A549, H460, and HT-29 cell lines with IC50 values of 1.59 μM, 0.72 μM and 0.56 μM, respectively. Their preliminary structure-activity relationships (SARs) studies indicate that 4-methyl-3,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazine-6-carboxamide was more preferred as linker part, and electron-withdrawing groups on the terminal phenyl rings are beneficial for improving the antitumor activitives. Furthermore, the colony formation, acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining, apoptosis, and wound-healing assay of 26a were performed on HT-29 and/or A549 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Liu
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 10036, PR China
| | - Yilin Gong
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 10036, PR China
| | - Jiantao Shi
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 10036, PR China
| | - Xuechen Hao
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 10036, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 10036, PR China
| | - Yunpeng Zhou
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 10036, PR China
| | - Yunlei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Yajing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Shi Ding
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 10036, PR China.
| | - Ye Chen
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 10036, PR China.
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Wei H, Zhang HL, Xie JZ, Meng DL, Wang XC, Ke D, Zeng J, Liu R. Protein Phosphatase 2A as a Drug Target in the Treatment of Cancer and Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:1-8. [PMID: 32166659 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a major serine/threonine phosphatase which participates in the regulation of multiple cellular processes. As a confirmed tumor suppressor, PP2A activity is downregulated in tumors and its re-activation can induce apoptosis of cancer cells. In the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, decreased PP2A activity also plays a key role in promoting tau hyperphosphorylation and Aβ generation. In this review, we discussed compounds aiming at modulating PP2A activity in the treatment of cancer or AD. The upstream factors that inactivate PP2A in diseases have not been fully elucidated and further studies are needed. It will help for the refinement and development of novel and clinically tractable PP2A-targeted compounds or therapies for the treatment of tumor and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hui-Liang Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jia-Zhao Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dong-Li Meng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dan Ke
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Ji Zeng
- Department of Clinic Laboratory, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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Potential Anticancer Effect of Celastrol on Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Suppressing CXCR4-related Signal and Impeding Tumor Growth in Vivo. Arch Med Res 2020; 51:297-302. [PMID: 32169299 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potential agents that can effectively treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are being continuously explored. METHODS Celastrol extracted from roots of an ancient Chinese herb, Tripterygium wilfordii (Thunder god vine), has been identified as a potential anti-tumor agent. In this study, the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of celastrol on cell proliferation and chemokine CXCR4-related signal pathway associated with tumor growth were investigated. RESULTS The CXCR4 expression was diminished by celastrol treatment in a dose-dependent manner, and its downstream associated pathways, including PI3K and Akt were also downregulated. Celastrol also significantly attenuated proliferation and migration ability of HCC cells, and induced cell apoptosis in vitro. Additionally, significant inhibition of HCC growth was observed in the celastrol-treated group as compared with the control group in vivo as well. CONCLUSION Celastrol is capable of attenuating cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis, leading to inhibition of HCC growth through the suppression of CXCR4-related signal pathway.
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Hou W, Liu B, Xu H. Celastrol: Progresses in structure-modifications, structure-activity relationships, pharmacology and toxicology. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 189:112081. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhu Y, Liu X, Zhao P, Zhao H, Gao W, Wang L. Celastrol Suppresses Glioma Vasculogenic Mimicry Formation and Angiogenesis by Blocking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:25. [PMID: 32116702 PMCID: PMC7025498 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) are thought to be the predominant processes ensuring tumor blood supply during the growth and metastasis of glioblastoma (GBM). Celastrol has potential anti-glioma effects, however the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclarified. Recent studies have shown that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is closely related to angiogenesis and VM formation. In the present study, we have demonstrated, for the first time, that celastrol eliminated VM formation by blocking this signaling pathway in glioma cells. By the treatment of celastrol, tumor growth was suppressed, tight junction and basal lamina structures in tumor microvasculature were disarranged in U87 glioma orthotopic xenografts in nude mice. Periodic acid Schiff (PAS)-CD31 staining revealed that celastrol inhibited both VM and angiogenesis in tumor tissues. Additionally, celastrol reduced the expression levels of the angiogenesis-related proteins CD31, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 2, angiopoietin (Ang) 2 and VEGFA, VM-related proteins ephrin type-A receptor (EphA) 2, and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α, phosphorylated PI3K, Akt, and mTOR were also downregulated by treatment with celastrol. In vitro, we further demonstrated that celastrol inhibited the growth, migration, and invasion of U87 and U251 cells, disrupted VM formation, and blocked the activity of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR. Collectively, our data suggest that celastrol inhibits VM formation and angiogenesis likely by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xihong Liu
- Basic Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, China
| | - Peiyuan Zhao
- Basic Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Chen X, Hu X, Hu J, Qiu Z, Yuan M, Zheng G. Celastrol-Loaded Galactosylated Liposomes Effectively Inhibit AKT/c-Met-Triggered Rapid Hepatocarcinogenesis in Mice. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:738-747. [PMID: 31904241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study proved that celastrol was a potential candidate for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy. However, poor water solubility and toxic side effects may restrict its clinical application. To overcome these shortcomings and optimize its antitumor efficacy, we developed galactosylated liposomes using galactose-modified 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-poly(ethylene glycol) to deliver celastrol (C-GPL). C-GPL improved the water solubility of celastrol and exhibited high encapsulation efficiency, good stability in serum, and slow drug release profile. In vitro studies showed that C-GPL increased the cellular uptake of celastrol through receptor-mediated endocytosis, thereby enhancing celastrol cytotoxicity and cancer cell apoptosis. Particularly, in vivo antitumor activity of C-GPL was assessed in rapid HCC mouse models established via hydrodynamic transfection of the activated forms of AKT and c-Met. Compared to free celastrol, C-GPL significantly prevented liver weight gain, decreased liver damage biomarkers (glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and alanine aminotransferase) and HCC marker (alpha-fetoprotein), and led to tumor disappearance on the liver surface. The improved therapeutic effect of C-GPL may be attributed to suppression of AKT activation, induction of apoptosis, and retardation of cell proliferation. Importantly, C-GPL exerted low toxicity to normal tissues without causing severe weight loss in mice. Taken together, C-GPL may become a promising drug delivery system for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xianxian Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zhenpeng Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Guohua Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
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Li J, Li J, Zhang J, Shi J, Ding S, Liu Y, Chen Y, Liu J. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 4-phenoxypyridine Derivatives Containing Semicarbazones Moiety as Potential c-Met Kinase Inhibitors. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:559-570. [PMID: 31893997 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200101143307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor (HGFR) c-Met is over-expressed and/or mutated in various human tumor types. Dysregulation of c-Met/HGF signaling pathway affects cell proliferation, survival and motility, leading to tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Therefore, c-Met has become an attractive target for cancer therapy. OBJECTIVE This study is aimed to evaluate a new series of 4-phenoxypyridine derivatives containing semicarbazones moiety for its cytotoxicity. METHODS A series of novel 4-phenoxypyridines containing semicarbazone moieties were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activities against MKN45 and A549 cancer cell lines and some selected compounds were further examined for their inhibitory activity against c-Met kinase. In order to evaluate the mechanism of cytotoxic activity of compound 24, cell cycle analysis, Annexin V/PI staining assay, AO/EB assay, wound-healing assay and docking analysis with c-Met were performed. RESULTS The results indicated that most of the compounds showed moderate to good antitumor activity. The compound 28 showed well cytotoxic activity against MKN45 and A549 cell lines with IC50 values of 0.25μM and 0.67μM, respectively. Compound 24 showed good activity on c-Met and its IC50 value was 0.093μM. CONCLUSION Their preliminary Structure-Activity Relationships (SARs) studies indicated that electronwithdrawing groups on the terminal phenyl rings are beneficial for improving the antitumor activity. Treatments of MKN45 cells with compound 24 resulted in cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, AO/EB assays indicated 24 induced dose-dependent apoptosis of A549 and MKN45 cells. Wound-healing assay results indicated that compound 24 strongly inhibited A549 cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Jiantao Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Shi Ding
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ye Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.,API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Ju Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.,API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110036, China
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Rodríguez-Arce E, Cancino P, Arias-Calderón M, Silva-Matus P, Saldías M. Oxoisoaporphines and Aporphines: Versatile Molecules with Anticancer Effects. Molecules 2019; 25:E108. [PMID: 31892146 PMCID: PMC6983244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease that involves impaired genome stability with a high mortality index globally. Since its discovery, many have searched for effective treatment, assessing different molecules for their anticancer activity. One of the most studied sources for anticancer therapy is natural compounds and their derivates, like alkaloids, which are organic molecules containing nitrogen atoms in their structure. Among them, oxoisoaporphine and sampangine compounds are receiving increased attention due to their potential anticancer effects. Boldine has also been tested as an anticancer molecule. Boldine is the primary alkaloid extract from boldo, an endemic tree in Chile. These compounds and their derivatives have unique structural properties that potentially have an anticancer mechanism. Different studies showed that this molecule can target cancer cells through several mechanisms, including reactive oxygen species generation, DNA binding, and telomerase enzyme inhibition. In this review, we summarize the state-of-art research related to oxoisoaporphine, sampangine, and boldine, with emphasis on their structural characteristics and the relationship between structure, activity, methods of extraction or synthesis, and anticancer mechanism. With an effective cancer therapy still lacking, these three compounds are good candidates for new anticancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Rodríguez-Arce
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8370178, Chile;
| | - Patricio Cancino
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile;
| | - Manuel Arias-Calderón
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
| | - Paul Silva-Matus
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Aysén, Coyhaique 5951537, Chile;
| | - Marianela Saldías
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8370178, Chile;
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Celastrol Induces Necroptosis and Ameliorates Inflammation via Targeting Biglycan in Human Gastric Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225716. [PMID: 31739592 PMCID: PMC6888087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Celastrol, a triterpene isolated from the root of traditional Chinese medicine Thunder of God Vine, possesses anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity to treat rheumatoid disease or as health product. Necroptosis is considered as a new approach to overcome chemotherapeutics resistance. However, whether celastrol exerts necroptosis leading to gastric cancer cell death is still unclear. Here, for the first time we showed that celastrol induced necroptosis in HGC27 and AGS gastric cancer cell lines. More importantly, celastrol down-regulated biglycan (BGN) protein, which is critical for gastric cancer migration and invasion. Furthermore, celastrol activated receptor-interacting protein 1 and 3 (RIP1 and RIP3) and subsequently promoted the translation of mixed-lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) from cytoplasm to plasma membrane, leading to necroptosis of gastric cancer cell, which was blocked by over-expression BGN. In addition, celastrol suppressed the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-8 in HGC27 and AGS cells, which was reversed by over-expression BGN. Taken together, we identified celastrol as a necroptosis inducer, activated RIP1/RIP3/MLKL pathway and suppressed the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines by down-regulating BGN in HGC-27 and AGS cells, which supported the feasibility of celastrol in gastric cancer therapy.
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Dou JW, Shang RG, Lei XQ, Li KL, Guo ZZ, Ye K, Yang XJ, Li YW, Zhou YY, Yao J, Huang Q. Total saponins of Bolbostemma paniculatum (maxim.) Franquet exert antitumor activity against MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:304. [PMID: 31703679 PMCID: PMC6842232 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2708-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of the Bolbostemma paniculatum (Maxim.) Franquet (BP) active compound, BP total saponins (BPTS), on MDA-MB-231 cells, and investigate the underlying mechanism regarding BPTS-mediated attenuation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. METHODS The effect of BPTS on cytotoxicity, induction of apoptosis and migration on MDA-MB-231 cells at three different concentrations was investigated. A CCK-8 assay, wound-healing assay and flow cytometry were used to demonstrate the effects of BPTS. Additionally, expression of the primary members of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was assessed using western blotting. To verify the underlying mechanisms, a PI3K inhibitor and an mTOR inhibitor were used. RESULTS BPTS inhibited proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells with an IC50 value of 10 μg/mL at 48 h. BPTS inhibited migration of MDA-MB-231 cells, and the western blot results demonstrated that BPTS reduced p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR protein expression levels in MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, the results were confirmed using a PI3K inhibitor and an mTOR inhibitor. BPTS decreased proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells possibly through inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the therapeutic potential of BPTS for treating patients with triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Dou
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of "Qiyao" Resources And Anti-tumor Activities, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Guo Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of "Qiyao" Resources And Anti-tumor Activities, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qin Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Guangren Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang-Le Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of "Qiyao" Resources And Anti-tumor Activities, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan-Zi Guo
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Ye
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Juan Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Wei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Guangren Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Yun Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Guangren Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yao
- Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Huang
- Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, People's Republic of China.
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Boran T, Gunaydin A, Jannuzzi AT, Ozcagli E, Alpertunga B. Celastrol pretreatment as a therapeutic option against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:723-730. [PMID: 31588349 PMCID: PMC6762010 DOI: 10.1039/c9tx00141g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Celastrol is a natural bioactive compound extracted from the medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. It exhibits immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Cisplatin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug in the treatment of a wide range of tumors. Although very effective therapeutically, it can cause nephrotoxicity leading to dose reduction or discontinuation of treatment. This study aims to clarify the therapeutic potential of celastrol in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. The possible protective effects of celastrol pretreatment against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity were investigated. A rat kidney epithelial cell line NRK-52E was pretreated with the desired concentrations of celastrol (200 nM, 100 nM, and 50 nM) for 24 h. The cells were treated with 50 μM cisplatin for a further 24 h to see whether cisplatin caused the same or less toxicity compared to the vehicle control group. Alkaline comet assay was performed for genotoxicity assessment. Genotoxicity evaluation revealed that celastrol caused a statistically significant reduction in DNA damage. Oxidative stress parameters were evaluated by measuring the glutathione (GSH) and protein carbonyl (PC) levels and also by measuring the enzyme activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. Celastrol pretreatment increased the GSH content of the cells and ameliorated the protein carbonylation level. Likewise, celastrol pretreatment improved the GR and CAT activities. However, no significant difference was observed in GPx and SOD activities. In the light of these findings, celastrol treatment could be a therapeutic option to reduce cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Further studies are needed for the clarification of its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugce Boran
- Istanbul University , Faculty of Pharmacy , Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology , 34116 , Beyazıt , Istanbul , Turkey . ; ; Tel: +902124400000
| | - Aysenur Gunaydin
- Istanbul University , Faculty of Pharmacy , Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology , 34116 , Beyazıt , Istanbul , Turkey . ; ; Tel: +902124400000
- Bezmialem Vakif University , Faculty of Pharmacy , Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology , Vatan Street , 34093 , Fatih , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ayse Tarbin Jannuzzi
- Istanbul University , Faculty of Pharmacy , Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology , 34116 , Beyazıt , Istanbul , Turkey . ; ; Tel: +902124400000
| | - Eren Ozcagli
- Istanbul University , Faculty of Pharmacy , Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology , 34116 , Beyazıt , Istanbul , Turkey . ; ; Tel: +902124400000
| | - Buket Alpertunga
- Istanbul University , Faculty of Pharmacy , Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology , 34116 , Beyazıt , Istanbul , Turkey . ; ; Tel: +902124400000
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Zuo A, Zhao P, Zheng Y, Hua H, Wang X. Tripterine inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells by up-regulating microRNA-15a. Biol Chem 2019; 400:1069-1078. [PMID: 30913029 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Tripterine is an important active component isolated from Triperygium wilfordii Hook F. This study investigated the effects of tripterine on breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis, as well as microRNA-15a (miR-15a) expression. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to measure the expression of miR-15a. Cell transfection was conducted to change the expression of miR-15a. Viability, proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells were assessed using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, BrdU incorporation assay, Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit and two-chamber Transwell assay, respectively. Expression of key factors involving in cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis, as well as the PI3K/AKT and JNK pathways, were evaluated using Western blotting. We found that tripterine inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion, but induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, tripterine up-regulated the expression of miR-15a in a concentration-dependent manner and miR-15a participated in the effects of tripterine on MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. In addition, tripterine inactivated PI3K/AKT and JNK pathways in MDA-MB-231 cells by up-regulating miR-15a. In conclusion, tripterine inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells by up-regulating miR-15a and inactivating PI3K/AKT and JNK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjun Zuo
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Hui Hua
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xingang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao 266000, China
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