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Maxwell S, Okabe J, Kaipananickal H, Rodriguez H, Khurana I, Al-Hasani K, Chow BS, Pitsillou E, Karagiannis TC, Jandeleit-Dahm K, Ma RC, Huang Y, Chan JC, Cooper ME, El-Osta A. Set7 Methyltransferase and Phenotypic Switch in Diabetic Glomerular Endothelial Cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 35:733-748. [PMID: 38630537 PMCID: PMC11164123 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Key Points Set7 knockout improves diabetic glomerular structure and function and prevents diabetes-induced endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EDMT) by regulating Igfbp5. Set7 knockdown prevents, and (R)-PFI-2 hydrochloride reverses, diabetes-induced EDMT by regulating insulin growth factor binding protein 5. Set7 regulates the phenotypic EDMT switch, and inhibiting the methyltransferase attenuates glomerular injury in diabetic kidney disease. Background Hyperglycemia influences the development of glomerular endothelial cell damage, and nowhere is this more evident than in the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). While the Set7 lysine methyltransferase is a known hyperglycemic sensor, its role in endothelial cell function in the context of DKD remains poorly understood. Methods Single-cell transcriptomics was used to investigate Set7 regulation in a mouse model of DKD, followed by validation of findings using pharmacological and short hairpin RNA inhibition inhibition of Set7. Results Set7 knockout (Set7KO) improved glomerular structure and albuminuria in a mouse model of diabetes. Analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data showed dynamic transcriptional changes in diabetic renal cells. Set7KO controls phenotype switching of glomerular endothelial cell populations by transcriptional regulation of the insulin growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5). Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that the expression of the IGFBP5 gene was associated with mono- and dimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me1/2). This generalizability was investigated in human kidney and circulating hyperglycemic cells exposed to TGFβ 1. We showed that the highly selective Set7 inhibitor (R)-PFI-2 hydrochloride attenuated indices associated with renal cell damage and mesenchymal transition, specifically (1 ) reactive oxygen species production, (2 ) IGFBP5 gene regulation, and (3 ) expression of mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, renal benefit observed in Set7KO diabetic mice closely corresponded in human glomerular endothelial cells with (R)-PFI-2 hydrochloride inhibition or Set7 short hairpin RNA silencing. Conclusions Set7 regulates the phenotypic endothelial–mesenchymal transition switch and suggests that targeting the lysine methyltransferase could protect glomerular cell injury in DKD. Podcast This article contains a podcast at https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/JASN/2024_04_25_ASN0000000000000345.mp3
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Maxwell
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jun Okabe
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harikrishnan Kaipananickal
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hanah Rodriguez
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ishant Khurana
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Keith Al-Hasani
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bryna S.M. Chow
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eleni Pitsillou
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tom C. Karagiannis
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karin Jandeleit-Dahm
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- German Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Research Group Diabetic Nephropathy, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ronald C.W. Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Juliana C.N. Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mark E. Cooper
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Assam El-Osta
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- University College Copenhagen, Faculty of Health, Department of Technology, Biomedical Laboratory Science, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wu M, Hao Y, Wu X, Zhu M, Chen X, Qi J, Yu Z, Xu H. SirT7-mediated transcription of fascin in hyperglycemic glomerular endothelial cells contributes to EndMT in diabetic nephropathy. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:586-596. [PMID: 38449390 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the main cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. It is reported that the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in glomerular endothelial cells plays an important role in DN. As a specific form of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, EndMT may involve common regulators of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Fascin has been shown to mediate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In addition, SirT7 has been confir med to contribute to inflammation in hyperglycemic endothelial cells via the modulation of gene transcription. In this study, we speculate that SirT7 modulates fascin transcription and is thus involved in EndMT in hyperglycemic glomerular endothelial cells. Our data indicate that α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fascin levels are increased, while CD31 levels are decreased in the kidneys of DN rats. Consistently, our cellular experiments reveal that high glucose treatment elevates fascin levels and induces EndMT in human glomerular endothelial cells (HGECs). Moreover, silencing of fascin inhibits EndMT in hyperglycaemic HGECs. In addition, SirT7 is found to be decreased in hyperglycemic cells and in the kidneys of DN mice. Moreover, the inhibition of SirT7 increases fascin level and mediates EndMT. An increase in SirtT7 expression decreases fascin expression, inhibits EndMT, and improves renal function in hyperglycemic cells and DN mice. SirT7 is found to bind to the promoter region of fascin. In summary, the present study indicates that SirT7 transcribes fascin to contribute to hyperglycemia-induced EndMT in DN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yingxiang Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xinwan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Minmin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiangyuan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhuang Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hongjiao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
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Ren X, Cui Z, Zhang Q, Su Z, Xu W, Wu J, Jiang H. JunB condensation attenuates vascular endothelial damage under hyperglycemic condition. J Mol Cell Biol 2024; 15:mjad072. [PMID: 38140943 PMCID: PMC11080659 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial damage is the initial and crucial factor in the occurrence and development of vascular complications in diabetic patients, contributing to morbidity and mortality. Although hyperglycemia has been identified as a damaging effector, the detailed mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, identified by ATAC-seq and RNA-seq, JunB reverses the inhibition of proliferation and the promotion of apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with high glucose, mainly through the cell cycle and p53 signaling pathways. Furthermore, JunB undergoes phase separation in the nucleus and in vitro, mediated by its intrinsic disordered region and DNA-binding domain. Nuclear localization and condensation behaviors are required for JunB-mediated proliferation and apoptosis. Thus, our study uncovers the roles of JunB and its coacervation in repairing vascular endothelial damage caused by high glucose, elucidating the involvement of phase separation in diabetes and diabetic endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxia Ren
- Laboratory for Aging and Cancer Research, Frontiers Science Center Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zexu Cui
- Laboratory for Aging and Cancer Research, Frontiers Science Center Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhiguang Su
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Laboratory for Aging and Cancer Research, Frontiers Science Center Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- Center of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Laboratory for Aging and Cancer Research, Frontiers Science Center Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Mimouni M, Lajoix AD, Desmetz C. Experimental Models to Study Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Myocardial Fibrosis and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:382. [PMID: 38203553 PMCID: PMC10779210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common feature of cardiovascular diseases and targets multiple organs, such as the heart and vessels. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition is a complex, vital process that occurs during embryonic formation and plays a crucial role in cardiac development. It is also a fundamental process implicated in cardiac fibrosis and repair, but also in other organs. Indeed, in numerous cardiovascular diseases, the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition has been shown to be involved in the generation of fibroblasts that are able to produce extracellular matrix proteins such as type I collagen. This massive deposition results in tissue stiffening and organ dysfunction. To advance our understanding of this process for the development of new specific diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, it is essential to develop relevant cellular and animal models of this process. In this review, our aim was to gain an in-depth insight into existing in vitro and in vivo models of endothelial to mesenchymal transition in cardiovascular diseases with a focus on cardiac fibrosis. We discuss important parameters impacting endothelial to mesenchymal transition, and we give perspectives for the development of relevant models to decipher the underlying mechanisms and ultimately find new treatments specific to fibrosis happening in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Mimouni
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Dominique Lajoix
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Desmetz
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
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Menghini R, Casagrande V, Rizza S, Federici M. GLP-1RAs and cardiovascular disease: is the endothelium a relevant platform? Acta Diabetol 2023; 60:1441-1448. [PMID: 37401947 PMCID: PMC10520195 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02124-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia strongly affects endothelial function and activation, which in turn increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Among pharmacotherapies aimed at lowering blood glucose levels, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) represent a class of drugs involved in the improvement of the endothelium damage and the progression of cardiovascular diseases. They show antihypertensive and antiatherosclerotic actions due at least in part to direct favorable actions on the coronary vascular endothelium, such as oxidative stress reduction and nitric oxide increase. However, cumulative peripheral indirect actions could also contribute to the antiatherosclerotic functions of GLP-1/GLP-1R agonists, including metabolism and gut microbiome regulation. Therefore, further research is necessary to clarify the specific role of this drug class in the management of cardiovascular disease and to identify specific cellular targets involved in the protective signal transduction. In the present review, we provide an overview of the effects of GLP-1RAs treatment on cardiovascular disease with particular attention on potential molecular mechanisms involving endothelium function on formation and progression of atherosclerotic plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Menghini
- Departments of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
| | - Viviana Casagrande
- Departments of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Rizza
- Departments of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Center for Atherosclerosis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Departments of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
- Center for Atherosclerosis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Chavkin NW, Vippa T, Jung C, McDonnell S, Hirschi KK, Gokce N, Walsh K. Obesity accelerates endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in adipose tissues of mice and humans. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1264479. [PMID: 37795485 PMCID: PMC10546194 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1264479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vascular dysfunction and chronic inflammation are characteristics of obesity-induced adipose tissue dysfunction. Proinflammatory cytokines can drive an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), where endothelial cells undergo a phenotypic switch to mesenchymal-like cells that are pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic. In this study, we sought to determine whether obesity can promote EndoMT in adipose tissue. Methods Mice in which endothelial cells are lineage-traced with eYFP were fed a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) or Control diet for 13, 26, and 52 weeks, and EndoMT was assessed in adipose tissue depots as percentage of CD45-CD31-Acta2+ mesenchymal-like cells that were eYFP +. EndoMT was also assessed in human adipose endothelial cells through cell culture assays and by the analysis of single cell RNA sequencing datasets obtained from the visceral adipose tissues of obese individuals. Results Quantification by flow cytometry showed that mice fed a HF/HS diet display a time-dependent increase in EndoMT over Control diet in subcutaneous adipose tissue (+3.0%, +2.6-fold at 13 weeks; +10.6%, +3.2-fold at 26 weeks; +11.8%, +2.9-fold at 52 weeks) and visceral adipose tissue (+5.5%, +2.3-fold at 13 weeks; +20.7%, +4.3-fold at 26 weeks; +25.7%, +4.8-fold at 52 weeks). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that EndoMT cells in visceral adipose tissue have enriched expression of genes associated with inflammatory and TGFβ signaling pathways. Human adipose-derived microvascular endothelial cells cultured with TGF-β1, IFN-γ, and TNF-α exhibited a similar upregulation of EndoMT markers and induction of inflammatory response pathways. Analysis of single cell RNA sequencing datasets from visceral adipose tissue of obese patients revealed a nascent EndoMT sub-cluster of endothelial cells with reduced PECAM1 and increased ACTA2 expression, which was also enriched for inflammatory signaling genes and other genes associated with EndoMT. Discussion These experimental and clinical findings show that chronic obesity can accelerate EndoMT in adipose tissue. We speculate that EndoMT is a feature of adipose tissue dysfunction that contributes to local inflammation and the systemic metabolic effects of obesity..
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W. Chavkin
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Tanvi Vippa
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Changhee Jung
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Stephanie McDonnell
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Karen K. Hirschi
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Noyan Gokce
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Hematovascular Biology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Wu Q, Du X, Cheng J, Qi X, Liu H, Lv X, Gong X, Shao C, Wang M, Yue L, Yang X, Li S, Zhang Y, Li X, Yang H. PECAM-1 drives β-catenin-mediated EndMT via internalization in colon cancer with diabetes mellitus. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:203. [PMID: 37580771 PMCID: PMC10426208 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered to be a risk factor in carcinogenesis and progression, although the biological mechanisms are not well understood. Here we demonstrate that platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) internalization drives β-catenin-mediated endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) to link DM to cancer. METHODS The tumor microenvironment (TME) was investigated for differences between colon cancer with and without DM by mRNA-microarray analysis. The effect of DM on colon cancer was determined in clinical patients and animal models. Furthermore, EndMT, PECAM-1 and Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling were analyzed under high glucose (HG) and human colon cancer cell (HCCC) supernatant (SN) or coculture conditions by western and immunofluorescence tests. RESULTS DM promoted the progression and EndMT occurrence of colon cancer (CC). Regarding the mechanism, DM induced PECAM-1 defection from the cytomembrane, internalization and subsequent accumulation around the cell nucleus in endothelial cells, which promoted β-catenin entry into the nucleus, leading to EndMT occurrence in CC with DM. Additionally, Akt/GSK-3β signaling was enhanced to inhibit the degradation of β-catenin, which regulates the process of EndMT. CONCLUSIONS PECAM-1 defects and/or internalization are key events for β-catenin-mediated EndMT, which is significantly boosted by enhanced Akt/GSK-3β signaling in the DM-associated TME. This contributes to the mechanism by which DM promotes the carcinogenesis and progression of CC. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xingxing Du
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianing Cheng
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuying Qi
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Humanities Foundation, Heilongjiang Nursing College, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohong Lv
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xieyang Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Changxin Shao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Muhong Wang
- Colorectal Cancer Surgical Ward 2, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Luxiao Yue
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shiyu Li
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Huike Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Wang E, Feng B, Chakrabarti S. MicroRNA 9 Is a Regulator of Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Diabetic Retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:13. [PMID: 37279396 PMCID: PMC10249683 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.7.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a significant cause of blindness. Most research around DR focus on late-stage developments rather than early changes such as early endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), an epigenetically regulated process whereby endothelial cells lose endothelial characteristics and adopt mesenchymal-like phenotypes, contributes to early endothelial changes in DR. The epigenetic regulator microRNA 9 (miR-9) is suppressed in the eyes during DR. MiR-9 plays a role in various diseases and regulates EndMT-related processes in other organs. We investigated the role miR-9 plays in glucose-induced EndMT in DR. Methods We examined the effects of glucose on miR-9 and EndMT using human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs). We then used HRECs and an endothelial-specific miR-9 transgenic mouse line to investigate the effect of miR-9 on glucose-induced EndMT. Finally, we used HRECs to probe the mechanisms through which miR-9 may regulate EndMT. Results We found that miR-9 inhibition was both necessary and sufficient for glucose-induced EndMT. Overexpression of miR-9 prevented glucose-induced EndMT, whereas suppressing miR-9 caused glucose-like EndMT changes. We also found that preventing EndMT with miR-9 overexpression improved retinal vascular leakage in DR. Finally, we showed that miR-9 regulates EndMT at an early stage by regulating EndMT-inducing signals such as proinflammatory and TGF-β pathways. Conclusions We have shown that miR-9 is an important regulator of EndMT in DR, potentially making it a good target for RNA-based therapy in early DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Biao Feng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subrata Chakrabarti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Hulshoff MS, Schellinger IN, Xu X, Fledderus J, Rath SK, Wong FC, Maamari S, Haunschild J, Krenning G, Raaz U, Zeisberg EM. miR-132-3p and KLF7 as novel regulators of aortic stiffening-associated EndMT in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:11. [PMID: 36698180 PMCID: PMC9875453 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00966-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of diabetes mellitus has risen considerably and currently affects more than 422 million people worldwide. Cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction and heart failure represent the major cause of death in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Diabetes patients exhibit accelerated aortic stiffening which is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality. We recently showed that aortic stiffness precedes hypertension in a mouse model of diabetes (db/db mice), making aortic stiffness an early contributor to cardiovascular disease development. Elucidating how aortic stiffening develops is a pressing need in order to halt the pathophysiological process at an early time point. METHODS To assess EndMT occurrence, we performed co-immunofluorescence staining of an endothelial marker (CD31) with mesenchymal markers (α-SMA/S100A4) in aortic sections from db/db mice. Moreover, we performed qRT-PCR to analyze mRNA expression of EndMT transcription factors in aortic sections of db/db mice and diabetic patients. To identify the underlying mechanism by which EndMT contributes to aortic stiffening, we used aortas from db/db mice and diabetic patients in combination with high glucose-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as an in vitro model of diabetes-associated EndMT. RESULTS We demonstrate robust CD31/α-SMA and CD31/S100A4 co-localization in aortic sections of db/db mice which was almost absent in control mice. Moreover, we demonstrate a significant upregulation of EndMT transcription factors in aortic sections of db/db mice and diabetic patients. As underlying regulator, we identified miR-132-3p as the most significantly downregulated miR in the micronome of db/db mice and high glucose-treated HUVECs. Indeed, miR-132-3p was also significantly downregulated in aortic tissue from diabetic patients. We identified Kruppel-like factor 7 (KLF7) as a target of miR-132-3p and show a significant upregulation of KLF7 in aortic sections of db/db mice and diabetic patients as well as in high glucose-treated HUVECs. We further demonstrate that miR-132-3p overexpression and KLF7 downregulation ameliorates EndMT in high glucose-treated HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that EndMT contributes to aortic stiffening in T2D. We identified miR-132-3p and KLF7 as novel EndMT regulators in this context. Altogether, this gives us new insights in the development of aortic stiffening in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie S Hulshoff
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel N Schellinger
- University Heart Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Xingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, Göttingen, Germany
- University Heart Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jolien Fledderus
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandip K Rath
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fang Cheng Wong
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Maamari
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, Göttingen, Germany
- University Heart Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Josephina Haunschild
- University Department for Cardiac Surgery, Leipzig Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Guido Krenning
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Uwe Raaz
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, Göttingen, Germany
- University Heart Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth M Zeisberg
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, Göttingen, Germany.
- University Heart Center, Göttingen, Germany.
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10
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Wang E, Wang H, Chakrabarti S. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition: An underappreciated mediator of diabetic complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1050540. [PMID: 36777351 PMCID: PMC9911675 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1050540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and its complications represent a great burden on the global healthcare system. Diabetic complications are fundamentally diseases of the vasculature, with endothelial cells being the centerpiece of early hyperglycemia-induced changes. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition is a tightly regulated process that results in endothelial cells losing endothelial characteristics and developing mesenchymal traits. Although endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition has been found to occur within most of the major complications of diabetes, it has not been a major focus of study or a common target in the treatment or prevention of diabetic complications. In this review we summarize the importance of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in each major diabetic complication, examine specific mechanisms at play, and highlight potential mechanisms to prevent endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in each of the major chronic complications of diabetes.
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11
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Jun Q, Youhong L, Yuan Z, Xi Y, Wang B, Xinyi S, Fu Y, Kedan C, Lian J, Jianqing Z. Histone modification of endothelial-mesenchymal transition in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1022988. [PMID: 36568553 PMCID: PMC9768231 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1022988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a differentiation process in which endothelial cells lose their own characteristics and acquire mesenchymal-like characteristics, which contributes to the formation and development of atherosclerotic plaques. Until now, there is still a lack of effective measures to treat atherosclerosis (AS), so there is an urgent need to understand the underlying mechanisms of AS. In addition, although various studies have shown that EndMT is involved in the pathological stages of cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial fibrosis, myocardial hypertrophy, and hypertension, the specific molecular mechanisms driving EndMT are still in the exploratory stage. In this review, we review the role of histone modifications (methylation, demethylation and acetylation, deacetylation) on EndMT in cardiovascular disease, aiming to target histone-modifying enzymes to guide cardiovascular disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Jun
- Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Li Youhong
- Li Huili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhong Yuan
- Ningbo Medical-Industrial Integration Innovation Research Institute, Ningbo, China
| | - Yang Xi
- Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bingyu Wang
- Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Sun Xinyi
- Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yin Fu
- Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Cen Kedan
- Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiangfang Lian
- Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Jiangfang Lian,
| | - Zhou Jianqing
- Li Huili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,*Correspondence: Zhou Jianqing,
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12
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Chen F, Yue LL, Ntsobe TE, Qin LL, Zeng Y, Xie MF, Huang HJ, Peng W, Zeng LS, Liu HJ, Liu Q. Endothelial mesenchymal transformation and relationship with vascular abnormalities. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Fuglerud BM, Drissler S, Lotto J, Stephan TL, Thakur A, Cullum R, Hoodless PA. SOX9 reprograms endothelial cells by altering the chromatin landscape. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:8547-8565. [PMID: 35904801 PMCID: PMC9410909 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor SOX9 is activated at the onset of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) during embryonic development and in pathological conditions. Its roles in regulating these processes, however, are not clear. Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as an EndMT model, we show that SOX9 expression alone is sufficient to activate mesenchymal genes and steer endothelial cells towards a mesenchymal fate. By genome-wide mapping of the chromatin landscape, we show that SOX9 displays features of a pioneer transcription factor, such as opening of chromatin and leading to deposition of active histone modifications at silent chromatin regions, guided by SOX dimer motifs and H2A.Z enrichment. We further observe highly transient and dynamic SOX9 binding, possibly promoted through its eviction by histone phosphorylation. However, while SOX9 binding is dynamic, changes in the chromatin landscape and cell fate induced by SOX9 are persistent. Finally, our analysis of single-cell chromatin accessibility indicates that SOX9 opens chromatin to drive EndMT in atherosclerotic lesions in vivo. This study provides new insight into key molecular functions of SOX9 and mechanisms of EndMT and highlights the crucial developmental role of SOX9 and relevance to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina M Fuglerud
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sibyl Drissler
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeremy Lotto
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tabea L Stephan
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Avinash Thakur
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Rebecca Cullum
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Pamela A Hoodless
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada.,Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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14
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Peng Q, Shan D, Cui K, Li K, Zhu B, Wu H, Wang B, Wong S, Norton V, Dong Y, Lu YW, Zhou C, Chen H. The Role of Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2022; 11:1834. [PMID: 35681530 PMCID: PMC9180466 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) is the process of endothelial cells progressively losing endothelial-specific markers and gaining mesenchymal phenotypes. In the normal physiological condition, EndoMT plays a fundamental role in forming the cardiac valves of the developing heart. However, EndoMT contributes to the development of various cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as atherosclerosis, valve diseases, fibrosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Therefore, a deeper understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying EndoMT in CVD should provide urgently needed insights into reversing this condition. This review summarizes a 30-year span of relevant literature, delineating the EndoMT process in particular, key signaling pathways, and the underlying regulatory networks involved in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianman Peng
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Dan Shan
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Kui Cui
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Kathryn Li
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Bo Zhu
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Hao Wu
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Beibei Wang
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Scott Wong
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Vikram Norton
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Yunzhou Dong
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Yao Wei Lu
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.P.); (D.S.); (K.C.); (K.L.); (B.Z.); (H.W.); (B.W.); (S.W.); (V.N.); (Y.D.); (Y.W.L.)
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15
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Pilard M, Ollivier EL, Gourdou-Latyszenok V, Couturaud F, Lemarié CA. Endothelial Cell Phenotype, a Major Determinant of Venous Thrombo-Inflammation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:864735. [PMID: 35528838 PMCID: PMC9068971 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.864735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced blood flow velocity in the vein triggers inflammation and is associated with the release into the extracellular space of alarmins or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These molecules include extracellular nucleic acids, extracellular purinergic nucleotides (ATP, ADP), cytokines and extracellular HMGB1. They are recognized as a danger signal by immune cells, platelets and endothelial cells. Hence, endothelial cells are capable of sensing environmental cues through a wide variety of receptors expressed at the plasma membrane. The endothelium is then responding by expressing pro-coagulant proteins, including tissue factor, and inflammatory molecules such as cytokines and chemokines involved in the recruitment and activation of platelets and leukocytes. This ultimately leads to thrombosis, which is an active pro-inflammatory process, tightly regulated, that needs to be properly resolved to avoid further vascular damages. These mechanisms are often dysregulated, which promote fibrinolysis defects, activation of the immune system and irreversible vascular damages further contributing to thrombotic and inflammatory processes. The concept of thrombo-inflammation is now widely used to describe the complex interactions between the coagulation and inflammation in various cardiovascular diseases. In endothelial cells, activating signals converge to multiple intracellular pathways leading to phenotypical changes turning them into inflammatory-like cells. Accumulating evidence suggest that endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) may be a major mechanism of endothelial dysfunction induced during inflammation and thrombosis. EndMT is a biological process where endothelial cells lose their endothelial characteristics and acquire mesenchymal markers and functions. Endothelial dysfunction might play a central role in orchestrating and amplifying thrombo-inflammation thought induction of EndMT processes. Mechanisms regulating endothelial dysfunction have been only partially uncovered in the context of thrombotic diseases. In the present review, we focus on the importance of the endothelial phenotype and discuss how endothelial plasticity may regulate the interplay between thrombosis and inflammation. We discuss how the endothelial cells are sensing and responding to environmental cues and contribute to thrombo-inflammation with a particular focus on venous thromboembolism (VTE). A better understanding of the precise mechanisms involved and the specific role of endothelial cells is needed to characterize VTE incidence and address the risk of recurrent VTE and its sequelae.
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16
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Yang S, Cheng R, Xu X, Zhang R, Zhao Y, Shi X, Gao J, Yu F, Ren X. Periodontitis exacerbates endothelial dysfunctions partly via endothelial-mesenchymal transition in streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:660-669. [PMID: 35435999 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Periodontal infections are related to the expansion of diabetes cardiovascular problems. However, the pathological process and probable mechanism remain unexplained. This study investigated the impact of periodontitis on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes rats' carotid artery. METHODS We randomized 24 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats into four groups: control, chronic periodontitis (CP), diabetes mellitus (DM), and DM +CP groups. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and hemoglobin A1c (HBA1c ) were measured to verify the establishment of the DM model. After euthanasia, the maxillary was collected for further studies like hematoxylin-eosin (HE), Masson staining, and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining was used to detect endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT)-related markers in carotid artery wall. We further used ELISA and quantitative real-time PCR to investigate the effect of high glucose (HG) and Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P.g-LPS) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). RESULTS Compared with DM and CP groups, bone resorption and pathological changes of the vascular wall were the most serious in the DM+CP group. The vascular wall of the DM+CP group had a higher level of interleukin (IL)-6 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). The carotid artery vascular wall of the DM+CP group contained more cells that expressed both mesenchymal and endothelial cell markers, along with elevated transcription factor levels. Furthermore, P.g-LPS and HG upregulated the inflammatory cytokines expression and caused phenotypic changes of HUVECs in vitro. CONCLUSION Periodontitis exacerbates endothelial dysfunctions partly via endothelial-mesenchymal transition in STZ-induced diabetes rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Yang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaojiang Xu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuexue Shi
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinhua Gao
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Feiyan Yu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiuyun Ren
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
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17
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Mao W, Fan Y, Wang X, Feng G, You Y, Li H, Chen Y, Yang J, Weng H, Shen X. Phloretin ameliorates diabetes-induced endothelial injury through AMPK-dependent anti-EndMT pathway. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Li X, Lu L, Hou W, Wang F, Huang T, Meng Z, Zhu M. The SETD8/ELK1/bach1 complex regulates hyperglycaemia-mediated EndMT in diabetic nephropathy. J Transl Med 2022; 20:147. [PMID: 35351142 PMCID: PMC8961497 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN), the most common microvascular complication in patients with diabetes, induces kidney failure. Previous research showed that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) of human glomerular endothelial cells (HGECs) is involved in the progression of DN. Moreover, SET domain-containing protein 8 (SETD8), ETS-domain containing protein (ELK1) and BTB and CNC homology 1 (bach1) all participate in endothelial injury. In this study, we hypothesize that the SETD8/ELK1/bach1 functional axis is involved in mediating EndMT in diabetic nephropathy. Methods Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and qPCR were performed to determine the protein and mRNA levels of genes in HGECs and the kidney tissues of participants and rats. Immunofluorescence, Co-IP and GST pulldown assays were performed to verify the direct interaction between SETD8 and ELK1. ChIP and dual-luciferase assays were performed to determine the transcriptional regulation of bach1 and Snail. AVV-SETD8 injection in rat kidney was used to verify the potential protective effect of SETD8 on DN. Results Our current study showed that hyperglycaemia triggered EndMT by increasing Snail expression both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, high glucose increased bach1 expression in HGECs, positively regulating Snail and EndMT. As a transcription factor, ELK1 was augmented and participated in hyperglycaemia-induced EndMT via modulation of bach1 expression. Moreover, ELK1 was found to associate with SETD8. Furthermore, SETD8 negatively regulated EndMT by cooperating with bach1 to regulate Snail transcription. Furthermore, histone H4-Lys-20 monomethylation (H4K20me1), which is downstream of SETD8, was accompanied by ELK1 localization at the same promoter region of bach1. ELK1 overexpression enhanced bach1 promoter activity, which disappeared after specific binding site deletion. Mutual inhibition between ELK1 and SETD8 was found in HGECs. In vivo, SETD8 overexpression decreased ELK1 and bach1 expression, as well as EndMT. Moreover, SETD8 overexpression improved the renal function of rats with DN. Conclusions SETD8 cooperates with ELK1 to regulate bach1 transcription, thus participating in the progression of DN. In addition, SETD8 interacts with bach1 to modulate Snail transcription, thus inducing EndMT in DN. SETD8 plays a core role in the SETD8/ELK1/bach1 functional axis, which participates in hyperglycaemia-mediated EndMT in DN, and SETD8 may be a potential therapeutic target for DN. Trial registration ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000029425. 2020/1/31, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=48548 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03352-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lihong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenting Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhipeng Meng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Huzhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University, Affiliated Central Hospital of HuZhou University, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Minmin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Guan G, Xie J, Dai Y, Han H. TFPI2 suppresses the interaction of TGF-β2 pathway regulators to promote endothelial-mesenchymal transition in diabetic nephropathy. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101725. [PMID: 35157852 PMCID: PMC8914548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is an important source of myofibroblasts, but also contributes to the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). By several differential gene expression analyses from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, the tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2) gene, known as a tumor suppressor, was shown to be dysregulated in DN; however, the potential role and regulatory mechanism of TFPI2 in DN are unclear. Here, we found abnormal upregulation of TFPI2 in the renal cortex of diabetic mice, accompanied by impaired renal function. We also injected a single dose of adeno-associated virus (AAV)2 carrying shRNA targeting TFPI2 intravenously into these mice and found that knockdown of TFPI2 improved renal function and reduced renal fibrosis and cell apoptosis in experimental DN. Furthermore, hyperglycemia-induced EndMT was inhibited in the absence of TFPI2, as evidenced by increased expression of endothelial markers (VE-cadherin and CD31) and decreased expression of mesenchymal markers (α-SMA, desmin, and FSP-1). To further explore the mechanism in vitro, human renal glomerular endothelial cells (hRGECs) were incubated in the presence of high glucose or transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)2. TFPI2 deficiency inhibited high glucose-induced cell apoptosis and TGF-β2-induced EndMT in hRGECs, while overexpression of TFPI2 had the opposite effects. Importantly, TGF-β2 is a crucial driver of EndMT, and we found that TFPI2 promoted TGF-β2/Smad signaling activation by interferring the interaction of TGF-β pathway regulators (SMURF2 with SMAD7). Our results show that TFPI2 regulates EndMT and the TGF-β2 signaling pathway and is a potential promoter of DN pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Guan
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjiao Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yamei Dai
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Comparison of before versus after intravitreal bevacizumab injection, growth factor levels and fibrotic markers in vitreous samples from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022; 260:1899-1906. [PMID: 35028761 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In diabetic retinopathy patients, intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injections are widely used to facilitate dissection of retinal fibrovascular membranes during surgery, reduce the rate of perioperative hemorrhage, and prevent recurrent neovascularization. Previous studies have shown that IVB may worsen fibrosis and thereby impair vision. The aim of this study was to determine which markers are associated with fibrosis. METHODS Twenty-three patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with IVB pretreatment for intraocular hemorrhage (IOH) and/or tractional retinal detachment (TRD). Vitreous samples were obtained at the time of IVB injection and again at the beginning of PPV, about a week later. Using Western blot analysis, the concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PIGF), insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), angiogenin-1 (Ang-1), and vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) were measured in vitreous samples. RESULTS After treatment with IVB, VEGF, PIGF, and VE-cadherin concentrations in the vitreous significantly decreased (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.001, respectively), whereas the concentrations of IGF-1 increased (p = 0.001). There were no significant changes in Ang-1 concentrations in the vitreous after IVB injection (p = 0.732). There were no statistically significant differences in VEGF-A, PIGF, VE-cadherin, IGF, and Ang-1 levels before and after IVB injection when the IOH and TRD groups underwent subgroup analysis (p = 0.696, p = 0.516, p = 0.498, p = 0.188, and p = 0.243, respectively). CONCLUSION The levels of VEGF and other cytokines changed in the vitreous after IVB. The adverse effects associated with IVB, such as fibrosis, may result from modulation of vitreous cytokine concentrations. In the treatment of PDR, drugs that optimize the effects of PIGF, IGF-1, and VE-cadherin to reduce these side effects may be useful.
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21
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Wang M, Li Y, Li S, Lv J. Endothelial Dysfunction and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:851941. [PMID: 35464057 PMCID: PMC9021409 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.851941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular complications contribute to a majority of diabetes associated morbidity and mortality, accounting for 44% of death in those patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and 52% of deaths in type 2 DM. Diabetes elicits cardiovascular dysfunction through 2 major mechanisms: ischemic and non-ischemic. Non-ischemic injury is usually under-recognized although common in DM patients, and also a pathogenic factor of heart failure in those diabetic individuals complicated with ischemic heart disease. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is defined as a heart disease in which the myocardium is structurally and functionally abnormal in the absence of coronary artery disease, hypertensive, valvular, or congenital heart disorders in diabetic patients, theoretically caused by non-ischemic injury solely. Current therapeutic strategies targeting DCM mainly address the increased blood glucose levels, however, the effects on heart function are disappointed. Accumulating data indicate endothelial dysfunction plays a critical role in the initiation and development of DCM. Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance cause the damages of endothelial function, including barrier dysfunction, impaired nitric oxide (NO) activity, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative stress, and inflammatory dysregulation. In turn, endothelial dysfunction promotes impaired myocardial metabolism, intracellular Ca2+ mishandling, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial defect, accumulation of advanced glycation end products, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposit, leads to cardiac stiffness, fibrosis, and remodeling, eventually results in cardiac diastolic dysfunction, systolic dysfunction, and heart failure. While endothelial dysfunction is closely related to cardiac dysfunction and heart failure seen in DCM, clinical strategies for restoring endothelial function are still missing. This review summarizes the timely findings related to the effects of endothelial dysfunction on the disorder of myocardium as well as cardiac function, provides mechanical insights in pathogenesis and pathophysiology of DCM developing, and highlights potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Science and Technology, Huazhong University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yongsheng Li, ; Sheng Li, ;
| | - Sheng Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yongsheng Li, ; Sheng Li, ;
| | - Jiagao Lv
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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22
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Lu L, Li X, Zhong Z, Zhou W, Zhou D, Zhu M, Miao C. KMT5A downregulation participated in High Glucose-mediated EndMT via Upregulation of ENO1 Expression in Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:4093-4107. [PMID: 34803485 PMCID: PMC8579450 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.62867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has become the common and principal microvascular complication of diabetes that could lead to end-stage renal disease. It was reported endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in glomeruli plays an important role in DN. Enolase1 (ENO1) and Lysine Methyltransferase 5A (KMT5A) were found to modulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in some situations. In the present study, we speculated KMT5A regulates ENO1 transcript, thus participating in hyperglycemia-induced EndMT in glomeruli of DN. Our study represented vimentin, αSMA and ENO1 expression elevated, and CD31 expression decreased in glomeruli of DN participants and rats. In vitro, high glucose induced EndMT by increase of ENO1 levels. Moreover, high glucose downregulated KMT5A levels and increased regulatory factor X1 (RFX1) levels. KMT5A upregulation or si-RFX1 decreased high glucose-induced ENO1 expression and EndMT. RFX1 overexpression- or sh-KMT5A-induced EndMT was attenuated by si-ENO1. Further, the association between KMT5A and RFX1 was verified. Furthermore, histone H4 lysine20 methylation (the direct target of KMT5A) and RFX1 positioned on ENO1 promoter region. sh-KMT5A enhanced positive action of RFX1 on ENO1 promoter activity. KMT5A reduction and RFX1 upregulation were verified in glomeruli of DN patients and rats. KMT5A associated with RFX1 to modulate ENO1, thus involved in hyperglycemia-mediated EndMT in glomeruli of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ziwen Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Wenchang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Di Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Minmin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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23
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Ciechanowska A, Gora I, Sabalinska S, Foltynski P, Ladyzynski P. Effect of glucose concentration and culture substrate on HUVECs viability in in vitro cultures: A literature review and own results. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Vittal Rao H, Bihaqi SW, Iannucci J, Sen A, Grammas P. Thrombin Signaling Contributes to High Glucose-Induced Injury of Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:211-224. [PMID: 33252072 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is one of the strongest disease-related risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In diabetics, hyperglycemia-induced microvascular complications are the major cause of end-organ injury, contributing to morbidity and mortality. Microvascular pathology is also an important and early feature of AD. The cerebral microvasculature may be a point of convergence of both diseases. Several lines of evidence also implicate thrombin in AD as well as in diabetes. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate the role of thrombin in glucose-induced brain microvascular endothelial injury. METHODS Cultured Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs) were treated with 30 mM glucose±100 nM thrombin and±250 nM Dabigatran or inhibitors of PAR1, p38MAPK, MMP2, or MMP9. Cytotoxicity and thrombin activity assays on supernatants and western blotting for protein expression in lysates were performed. RESULTS reatment of HBMVECs with 30 mM glucose increased thrombin activity and expression of inflammatory proteins TNFα, IL-6, and MMPs 2 and 9; this elevation was reduced by the thrombin inhibitor dabigatran. Direct treatment of brain endothelial cells with thrombin upregulated p38MAPK and CREB, and induced TNFα, IL6, MMP2, and MMP9 as well as oxidative stress proteins NOX4 and iNOS. Inhibition of thrombin, thrombin receptor PAR1 or p38MAPK decrease expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress proteins, implying that thrombin may play a central role in glucose-induced endothelial injury. CONCLUSION Since preventing brain endothelial injury would preserve blood-brain barrier integrity, prevent neuroinflammation, and retain intact functioning of the neurovascular unit, inhibiting thrombin, or its downstream signaling effectors, could be a therapeutic strategy for mitigating diabetes-induced dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haripriya Vittal Rao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.,George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Syed Waseem Bihaqi
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jaclyn Iannucci
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Abhik Sen
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Paula Grammas
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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25
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Manduteanu I, Simionescu D, Simionescu A, Simionescu M. Aortic valve disease in diabetes: Molecular mechanisms and novel therapies. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9483-9495. [PMID: 34561944 PMCID: PMC8505854 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Valve disease and particularly calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) and diabetes (DM) are progressive diseases constituting a global health burden for all aging societies (Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. 2014;56(6):565: Circulation Research. 2021;128(9):1344). Compared to non‐diabetic individuals (The Lancet. 2008;371(9626):1800: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1983;51(3):403: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2017;69(12):1523), the diabetic patients have a significantly greater propensity for cardiovascular disorders and faster degeneration of implanted bioprosthetic aortic valves. Previously, using an original experimental model, the diabetic‐hyperlipemic hamsters, we have shown that the earliest alterations induced by these conditions occur at the level of the aortic valves and, with time these changes lead to calcifications and CAVD. However, there are no pharmacological treatments available to reverse or retard the progression of aortic valve disease in diabetes, despite the significant advances in the field. Therefore, it is critical to uncover the mechanisms of valve disease progression, find biomarkers for diagnosis and new targets for therapies. This review aims at presenting an update on the basic research in CAVD in the context of diabetes. We provide an insight into the accumulated data including our results on diabetes‐induced progressive cell and molecular alterations in the aortic valve, new potential biomarkers to assess the evolution and therapy of the disease, advancement in targeted nanotherapies, tissue engineering and the potential use of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Manduteanu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Simionescu
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Agneta Simionescu
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Maya Simionescu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
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26
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Jiao K, Zhen J, Wu M, Teng M, Yang K, Zhou Q, Hu C, Zhou M, Li Y, Li Z. 27-Hydroxycholesterol-induced EndMT acts via STAT3 signaling to promote breast cancer cell migration by altering the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 17:88-100. [PMID: 32296578 PMCID: PMC7142833 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2019.0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) plays a major role in cancer metastasis by regulating the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we investigated whether 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC) induces EndMT in endothelial cells (ECs). Methods: EndMT markers in the human microvascular endothelial cell-1 (HMEC-1) cell line and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated with 27HC were evaluated with Western blot. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in breast cancer (BC) cells cultured in conditioned medium were investigated with quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA expression and activity were detected with qRT-PCR and gelatin zymography assays, respectively. The effect of activated STAT3 on 27HC-induced EndMT was validated by Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and cell transfection assays. The migration ability of BC cells was evaluated with Transwell assays. Results: We found that 27HC induced EndMT in HMEC-1 and HUVECs, and 27HC-induced EndMT facilitated EMT and BC cell migration. The 27HC-induced EMT of BC cells also promoted EndMT and HUVEC migration. Investigation of the underlying molecular mechanisms revealed that STAT3 knockdown repressed EndMT in HUVECs as well as migration in BC cells induced with 27HC. In addition, C646 and resveratrol, inhibitors of STAT3 acetylation, repressed the expression of Ac-STAT3, p-STAT3, and EndMT markers in HUVECs exposed to 27HC; these HUVECs in turn attenuated the migration ability of BC cells in 27HC-induced EndMT. Conclusions: Cross-talk between 27HC-induced EndMT and EMT was observed in the TME. Moreover, activation of STAT3 signaling was found to be involved in 27HC-induced EndMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Jiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jing Zhen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Maoxuan Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Mengying Teng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Keke Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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27
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Zhang Y, Jin D, Kang X, Zhou R, Sun Y, Lian F, Tong X. Signaling Pathways Involved in Diabetic Renal Fibrosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:696542. [PMID: 34327204 PMCID: PMC8314387 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.696542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), as the most common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is the major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal interstitial fibrosis is a crucial metabolic change in the late stage of DKD, which is always considered to be complex and irreversible. In this review, we discuss the pathological mechanisms of diabetic renal fibrosis and discussed some signaling pathways that are closely related to it, such as the TGF-β, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, JAK/STAT, and Notch pathways. The cross-talks among these pathways were then discussed to elucidate the complicated cascade behind the tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Finally, we summarized the new drugs with potential therapeutic effects on renal fibrosis and listed related clinical trials. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the mechanisms and related pathways of renal fibrosis in DKD and to provide novel therapeutic intervention insights for clinical research to delay the progression of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - De Jin
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Kang
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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28
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Lu L, Zhong Z, Gu J, Nan K, Zhu M, Miao C. ets1 associates with KMT5A to participate in high glucose-mediated EndMT via upregulation of PFN2 expression in diabetic nephropathy. Mol Med 2021; 27:74. [PMID: 34238215 PMCID: PMC8266168 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00339-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is currently the leading cause of end-stage renal disease globally. The endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) of glomerular endothelial cells has been reported to play a crucial role in DN. As a specific form of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, EndMT and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition may exhibit mutual modulators. Profilin 2 (PFN2) has been reported to participate in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, ETS proto-oncogene 1 (ets1) and lysine methyltransferase 5A (KMT5A) have been reported to contribute to high glucose-mediated endothelial injury and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In this study, we hypothesize ets1 associates with KMT5A to modulate PFN2 transcription, thus participating in high glucose-mediated EndMT in glomerular endothelial cells. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect protein levels in the kidney tissues and/or aorta tissues of human subjects and rats. Western blot, qPCR and immunofluorescence were performed using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays and dual luciferase assays were performed to assess transcriptional activity. The difference between the groups was compared by two-tailed unpaired t-tests or one-way ANOVAs. Results Our data indicated that vimentin, αSMA, S100A4 and PFN2 levels were increased, and CD31 levels were reduced in glomerular endothelial cells of DN patients and rats. Our cell experiments showed that high glucose induced EndMT by augmenting PFN2 expression in HUVECs. Moreover, high glucose increased ets1 expression. si-ets1 suppressed high glucose-induced PFN2 levels and EndMT. ets1 overexpression-mediated EndMT was reversed by si-PFN2. Furthermore, ets1 was determined to associate with KMT5A. High glucose attenuated KMT5A levels and histone H4 lysine 20 methylation (H4K20me1), one of the downstream targets of KMT5A. KMT5A upregulation suppressed high glucose-induced PFN2 levels and EndMT. sh-KMT5A-mediated EndMT was counteracted by si-PFN2. Furthermore, H4K20me1 and ets1 occupied the PFN2 promoter region. sh-KMT5A cooperated with ets1 overexpression to activate PFN2 promoter activity. Our in vivo study demonstrated that KMT5A was reduced, while ets1 was augmented, in glomerular endothelial cells of DN patients and rats. Conclusions The present study indicated that ets1 cooperated with KMT5A to transcribe PFN2, thus contributing to hyperglycemia-induced EndMT in the glomerular endothelial cells of DN patients and rats. Trial registration ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000029425. 2020/1/31, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=48548 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-021-00339-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ziwen Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jiahui Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ke Nan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Minmin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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29
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Masola V, Bonomini M, Onisto M, Ferraro PM, Arduini A, Gambaro G. Biological Effects of XyloCore, a Glucose Sparing PD Solution, on Mesothelial Cells: Focus on Mesothelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Inflammation and Angiogenesis. Nutrients 2021; 13:2282. [PMID: 34209455 PMCID: PMC8308380 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-based solutions remain the most used osmotic agents in peritoneal dialysis (PD), but unavoidably they contribute to the loss of peritoneal filtration capacity. Here, we evaluated at a molecular level the effects of XyloCore, a new PD solution with a low glucose content, in mesothelial and endothelial cells. Cell viability, integrity of mesothelial and endothelial cell membrane, activation of mesothelial and endothelial to mesenchymal transition programs, inflammation, and angiogenesis were evaluated by several techniques. Results showed that XyloCore preserves mesothelial and endothelial cell viability and membrane integrity. Moreover XyloCore, unlike glucose-based solutions, does not exert pro-fibrotic, -inflammatory, and -angiogenic effects. Overall, the in vitro evidence suggests that XyloCore could represent a potential biocompatible solution promising better outcomes in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Masola
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Mario Bonomini
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Medicine, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, SS.Annunziata Hospital, Via dei Vestini, 66013 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Onisto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Pietro Manuel Ferraro
- U.O.S. Terapia Conservativa della Malattia Renale Cronica, U.O.C. Nefrologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00178 Rome, Italy;
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Arduino Arduini
- R&D Department, Iperboreal Pharma Srl, 65122 Pescara, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Gambaro
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy;
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30
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Giordo R, Ahmed YMA, Allam H, Abusnana S, Pappalardo L, Nasrallah GK, Mangoni AA, Pintus G. EndMT Regulation by Small RNAs in Diabetes-Associated Fibrotic Conditions: Potential Link With Oxidative Stress. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:683594. [PMID: 34095153 PMCID: PMC8170089 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.683594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes-associated complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, and atherosclerosis, the main consequences of long-term hyperglycemia, often lead to organ dysfunction, disability, and increased mortality. A common denominator of these complications is the myofibroblast-driven excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Although fibroblast appears to be the primary source of myofibroblasts, other cells, including endothelial cells, can generate myofibroblasts through a process known as endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT). During EndMT, endothelial cells lose their typical phenotype to acquire mesenchymal features, characterized by the development of invasive and migratory abilities as well as the expression of typical mesenchymal products such as α-smooth muscle actin and type I collagen. EndMT is involved in many chronic and fibrotic diseases and appears to be regulated by complex molecular mechanisms and different signaling pathways. Recent evidence suggests that small RNAs, in particular microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are crucial mediators of EndMT. Furthermore, EndMT and miRNAs are both affected by oxidative stress, another key player in the pathophysiology of diabetic fibrotic complications. In this review, we provide an overview of the primary redox signals underpinning the diabetic-associated fibrotic process. Then, we discuss the current knowledge on the role of small RNAs in the regulation of EndMT in diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, and atherosclerosis and highlight potential links between oxidative stress and the dyad small RNAs-EndMT in driving these pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Giordo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yusra M. A. Ahmed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hilda Allam
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salah Abusnana
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospital Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lucia Pappalardo
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Studies, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gheyath K. Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arduino Aleksander Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Resveratrol-Elicited PKC Inhibition Counteracts NOX-Mediated Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Human Retinal Endothelial Cells Exposed to High Glucose. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020224. [PMID: 33540918 PMCID: PMC7913144 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes-associated long-term hyperglycaemia leads to oxidative stress-mediated fibrosis in different tissues and organs. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EndMT) appears to play a role in diabetes-associated fibrotic conditions. Here, we investigate whether EndMT is implicated in the diabetic retinopathy fibrotic process and evaluate the possibility that resveratrol could counteract EndMT by inhibiting high glucose (HG)-induced increases in ROS. Primary Human Retinal Endothelial Cells (HRECs) were either pre-treated for 24 h with 1 µM resveratrol or left untreated, then glucose (30 mM) was applied at 3-day intervals for 10 days. qRT-PCR and ELISA were used to detect mRNA or protein expression of endothelial markers (CD31, CDH5, vWF) or mesenchymal markers (VIM, αSMA and collagen I), respectively. Intracellular ROS levels were measured with carboxy-DCFDA, while NOX-associated ROS levels were evaluated using the NADPH-specific redox biosensor p47-roGFP. Treatment of HRECs with HG increased intracellular ROS levels and promoted phenotype shifting towards EndMT, evidenced by decreased expression of endothelial markers concomitant with increased expression of mesenchymal ones. HG-induced EndMT appears to be mediated by NADPH-associated ROS generation as pre-treatment of HRECs with resveratrol or the NADPH inhibitor, diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI), attenuated ROS production and EndMT transition, suggesting that the effect of resveratrol on HG-induced ROS occurs via down-regulation of NADPH oxidase. It is worth noting that resveratrol or Chelerythrine, a Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, reduce ROS and EndMT in HG-exposed cells, suggesting that NADPH activation occurs via a PKC-dependent mechanism. Taken together, our results provide the basis for a resveratrol-based potential protective therapy to prevent diabetic-associated complications.
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Calafiore AM, Totaro A, Testa N, Sacra C, Castellano G, Guarracini S, Di Marco M, Prapas S, Gaudino M, Lorusso R, Paparella D, Di Mauro M. The secret life of the mitral valve. J Card Surg 2020; 36:247-259. [PMID: 33135267 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.15151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In secondary mitral regurgitation, the concept that the mitral valve (MV) is an innocent bystander, has been challenged by many studies in the last decades. The MV is a living structure with intrinsic plasticity that reacts to changes in stretch or in mechanical stress activating biohumoral mechanisms that have, as purpose, the adaptation of the valve to the new environment. If the adaptation is balanced, the leaflets increase both surface and length and the chordae tendineae lengthen: the result is a valve with different characteristics, but able to avoid or to limit the regurgitation. However, if the adaptation is unbalanced, the leaflets and the chords do not change their size, but become stiffer and rigid, with moderate or severe regurgitation. These changes are mediated mainly by a cytokine, the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which is able to promote the changes that the MV needs to adapt to a new hemodynamic environment. In general, mild TGF-β activation facilitates leaflet growth, excessive TGF-β activation, as after myocardial infarction, results in profibrotic changes in the leaflets, with increased thickness and stiffness. The MV is then a plastic organism, that reacts to the external stimuli, trying to maintain its physiologic integrity. This review has the goal to unveil the secret life of the MV, to understand which stimuli can trigger its plasticity, and to explain why the equation "large heart = moderate/severe mitral regurgitation" and "small heart = no/mild mitral regurgitation" does not work into the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Totaro
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Gemelli Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Nicola Testa
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Gemelli Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Cosimo Sacra
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Gemelli Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Gaetano Castellano
- Division of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Gemelli Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Di Marco
- Department of Cardiology, "Santo Spirito" Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - Sotirios Prapas
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Henry Durant Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Mario Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Roberto Lorusso
- Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Unit, Heart and Vascular Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Domenico Paparella
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplants, Santa Maria Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Di Mauro
- Department of Cardiology, "Pierangeli" Hospital, Pescara, Italy.,Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Unit, Heart and Vascular Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Yuan C, Ni L, Zhang C, Xia H, Wu X. Ephrin B2 mediates high glucose induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human aortic endothelial cells. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2020; 10:778-785. [PMID: 32968633 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-20-299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous study revealed that high glucose (HG) induced endothelial cell (EC) damage via endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). Recent studies suggested the role of Ephrin B2 in mediate ECs damage. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether Ephrin B2 mediates HG-induced EndMT in human aortic ECs (HAECs) and to determine the possible downstream signaling effector. Methods Primary HAECs were exposed to normal glucose (NG, 5.5 mM), HG (30 mM) and HG+Ephrin B2 small interfering RNA (siRNA), respectively. The pathological changes were investigated by light microscope and confocal microscopy. To study the effects of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation on Ephrin B2 in HAECs, cells were incubated with FAK siRNA in HG group. The expression of EndMT-related markers (CD31 and FSP1), Ephrin B2 and FAK were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. Results The results showed that HG significantly inhibited the expression of CD31 and increased FSP1 compared with NG group. Moreover, Ephrin B2 was increased after HG incubation. Ephrin B2 siRNA attenuated HG-induced expression of EndMT-related markers. Furthermore, HG increased the expression of FAK and phosphorylated FAK (pho-FAK) in HAECs. In contrast, blocking Ephrin B2 could partially attenuate HG-induced FAK activation. And FAK siRNA further inhibited the EndMT-related markers in HAECs treated with HG. Conclusions HG-induced EndMT in HAECs might be partially mediated by Ephrin B2 and the downstream FAK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yuan
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lihua Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changjiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Disease Center, Enshi Central Hospital, Enshi, China
| | - Hao Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Hou H, Li J, Zhou L, Liang J, Wang J, Li J, Hou R, Li J, Yang X, Zhang K. An effective method of isolating microvascular endothelial cells from the human dermis. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:2588-2597. [PMID: 32808723 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hou
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - Jiao Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - Jiannan Liang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - Junqin Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - Ruixia Hou
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - Juan Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shanxi China
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35
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Green HLH, Brewer AC. Dysregulation of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases by hyperglycaemia: does this link diabetes and vascular disease? Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:59. [PMID: 32345373 PMCID: PMC7189706 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical, social and economic burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated with diabetes underscores an urgency for understanding the disease aetiology. Evidence suggests that the hyperglycaemia associated with diabetes is, of itself, causal in the development of endothelial dysfunction (ED) which is recognised to be the critical determinant in the development of CVD. It is further recognised that epigenetic modifications associated with changes in gene expression are causal in both the initiation of ED and the progression to CVD. Understanding whether and how hyperglycaemia induces epigenetic modifications therefore seems crucial in the development of preventative treatments. A mechanistic link between energy metabolism and epigenetic regulation is increasingly becoming explored as key energy metabolites typically serve as substrates or co-factors for epigenetic modifying enzymes. Intriguing examples are the ten-eleven translocation and Jumonji C proteins which facilitate the demethylation of DNA and histones respectively. These are members of the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase superfamily which require the tricarboxylic acid metabolite, α-ketoglutarate and molecular oxygen (O2) as substrates and Fe (II) as a co-factor. An understanding of precisely how the biochemical effects of high glucose exposure impact upon cellular metabolism, O2 availability and cellular redox in endothelial cells (ECs) may therefore elucidate (in part) the mechanistic link between hyperglycaemia and epigenetic modifications causal in ED and CVD. It would also provide significant proof of concept that dysregulation of the epigenetic landscape may be causal rather than consequential in the development of pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L H Green
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
| | - Alison C Brewer
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK.
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36
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Lv J, Zhuang K, Jiang X, Huang H, Quan S. Renoprotective Effect of Formononetin by Suppressing Smad3 Expression in Db/Db Mice. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:3313-3324. [PMID: 33061493 PMCID: PMC7535125 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s272147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glomerular sclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis are the most important pathologies in the development of kidney damage under diabetic conditions. Smad3 plays antagonistic roles in high glucose-induced renal tubular fibrosis, which is an important treatment target for diabetic nephropathy (DN). Formononetin (FMN) has multiple effects on diabetic vascular complications including DN. However, whether it plays an anti-fibrosis role by regulating smad3 is unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the renoprotective effect of FMN by suppressing smad3 expression in db/db mice. METHODS FMN was orally administered to db/db mice with a dose of 25 or 50 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks. At the end of the study, serum, urine, and kidney samples were collected for biochemical and pathological examinations. The expressions of proteins and mRNA associated with renal fibrosis were determined by biochemical, histological, immunofluorescence, and real-time PCR analysis. RESULTS The results showed that FMN substantially improved the glucolipid metabolism, reduced the oxidative stress, and protected renal function in db/db mice. Meanwhile, protein and mRNA expression of smad3 and related regulatory factor of extracellular matrix deposition were significantly suppressed. CONCLUSION The present study suggested that FMN has a good renoprotective effect in DN, which plays an anti-fibrosis role in db/db mice by suppressing the expression of smad3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhuang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiyu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heqing Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou510006, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou510006, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Heqing Huang; Shijian Quan Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232 East Wai Huan Road, Guangzhou510006, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 1 392 211 9719 Email ;
| | - Shijian Quan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou510006, People’s Republic of China
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Li Q, Yao Y, Shi S, Zhou M, Zhou Y, Wang M, Chiu JJ, Huang Z, Zhang W, Liu M, Wang Q, Tu X. Inhibition of miR-21 alleviated cardiac perivascular fibrosis via repressing EndMT in T1DM. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:910-920. [PMID: 31680453 PMCID: PMC6933373 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, increased cardiac fibrosis, stiffness and associated diastolic dysfunction may be the earliest pathological phenomena in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in endothelia cells (ECs) is a critical cellular phenomenon that increases cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and cardiac fibrosis in diabetic hearts. The purpose of this paper is to explore the molecular mechanism of miR-21 regulating EndMT and cardiac perivascular fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy. In vivo, hyperglycaemia up-regulated the mRNA level of miR-21, aggravated cardiac dysfunction and collagen deposition. The condition was recovered by inhibition of miR-21 following with improving cardiac function and decreasing collagen deposition. miR-21 inhibition decreased cardiac perivascular fibrosis by suppressing EndMT and up-regulating SMAD7 whereas activating p-SMAD2 and p-SMAD3. In vitro, high glucose (HG) up-regulated miR-21 and induced EndMT in ECs, which was decreased by inhibition of miR-21. A highly conserved binding site of NF-κB located in miR-21 5'-UTR was identified. In ECs, SMAD7 is directly regulated by miR-21. In conclusion, the pathway of NF-κB/miR-21/SMAD7 regulated the process of EndMT in T1DM, in diabetic cardiomyopathy, which may be regarded as a potential clinical therapeutic target for cardiac perivascular fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shumei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengchen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingchao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jeng-Jiann Chiu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Zhengrong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- Hypertension Department of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xin Tu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Lu X, Gong J, Dennery PA, Yao H. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets for chronic pulmonary and vascular diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 168:100-107. [PMID: 31251941 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) is a process of transdifferentiation where endothelial cells gradually adopt the phenotypic characteristics of mesenchymal cells. This phenomenon was first discovered in embryonic heart development. The mechanisms underlying EndoMT are due to the activation of transforming growth factor-β, bone morphogenetic protein, Wingless/Integrated, or Notch signaling pathways. The EndoMT can be modulated by pathological processes, including inflammation, disturbed shear stress, vascular stiffness, and metabolic dysregulation. Recent studies have shown that EndoMT is implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases, including pulmonary hypertension and lung fibrosis. Lung pathology of bronchopulmonary dysplasia can be mimicked in rodents exposed to hyperoxia as neonates. Although hyperoxic exposure reduces an endothelial cell marker platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule but increases a mesenchymal cell biomarker α-smooth muscle actin in vitro in human pulmonary endothelial cells, there is no direct evidence showing EndoMT in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Both pulmonary hypertension and lung fibrosis occur in long-term survivors with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. In this review, we discuss the EndoMT and its modulation by pathological processes. We then focus on the role of EndoMT in the pathogenesis of these chronic lung diseases, and discuss therapeutic approaches targeting the EndoMT using its negative regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexin Lu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jiannan Gong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Phyllis A Dennery
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Hongwei Yao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.
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Tsai TH, Lee CH, Cheng CI, Fang YN, Chung SY, Chen SM, Lin CJ, Wu CJ, Hang CL, Chen WY. Liraglutide Inhibits Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Attenuates Neointima Formation after Endovascular Injury in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060589. [PMID: 31207939 PMCID: PMC6628350 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia causes endothelial dysfunction, which is the initial process in the development of diabetic vascular complications. Upon injury, endothelial cells undergo an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), lose their specific marker, and gain mesenchymal phenotypes. This study investigated the effect of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, on EndMT inhibition and neointima formation in diabetic mice induced by streptozotocin. The diabetic mice with a wire-induced vascular injury in the right carotid artery were treated with or without liraglutide for four weeks. The degree of neointima formation and re-endothelialisation was evaluated by histological assessments. Endothelial fate tracing revealed that endothelium-derived cells contribute to neointima formation through EndMT in vivo. In the diabetic mouse model, liraglutide attenuated wire injury-induced neointima formation and accelerated re-endothelialisation. In vitro, a high glucose condition (30 mmol/L) triggered morphological changes and mesenchymal marker expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which were attenuated by liraglutide or Activin receptor-like 5 (ALK5) inhibitor SB431542. The inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling by Compound C diminished the liraglutide-mediated inhibitory effect on EndMT. Collectively, liraglutide was found to attenuate neointima formation in diabetic mice partially through EndMT inhibition, extending the potential therapeutic role of liraglutide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hsien Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Ho Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-I Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Nan Fang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Ying Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Shyh-Ming Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Jei Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Chiung-Jen Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Ling Hang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
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Piera-Velazquez S, Jimenez SA. Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition: Role in Physiology and in the Pathogenesis of Human Diseases. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1281-1324. [PMID: 30864875 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00021.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that endothelial cells are capable of undergoing endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a newly recognized type of cellular transdifferentiation. EndMT is a complex biological process in which endothelial cells adopt a mesenchymal phenotype displaying typical mesenchymal cell morphology and functions, including the acquisition of cellular motility and contractile properties. Endothelial cells undergoing EndMT lose the expression of endothelial cell-specific proteins such as CD31/platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule, von Willebrand factor, and vascular-endothelial cadherin and initiate the expression of mesenchymal cell-specific genes and the production of their encoded proteins including α-smooth muscle actin, extra domain A fibronectin, N-cadherin, vimentin, fibroblast specific protein-1, also known as S100A4 protein, and fibrillar type I and type III collagens. Transforming growth factor-β1 is considered the main EndMT inducer. However, EndMT involves numerous molecular and signaling pathways that are triggered and modulated by multiple and often redundant mechanisms depending on the specific cellular context and on the physiological or pathological status of the cells. EndMT participates in highly important embryonic development processes, as well as in the pathogenesis of numerous genetically determined and acquired human diseases including malignant, vascular, inflammatory, and fibrotic disorders. Despite intensive investigation, many aspects of EndMT remain to be elucidated. The identification of molecules and regulatory pathways involved in EndMT and the discovery of specific EndMT inhibitors should provide novel therapeutic approaches for various human disorders mediated by EndMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonsoles Piera-Velazquez
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sergio A Jimenez
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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miR-29a/b cluster suppresses high glucose-induced endothelial-mesenchymal transition in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells by targeting Notch2. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3108-3116. [PMID: 30936982 PMCID: PMC6434251 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have previously reported that endothelial cells contributed to pathological fibrosis in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) through endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT); however, the precise mechanism of this interaction has not been completely elucidated. The present study investigated the expression of microRNA (miR)-29a/b cluster in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) and examined its functional role in high glucose (HG)-induced EndMT. HRMECs were exposed to glucose at concentrations of 5, 15, 30 and 50 mM for 7 days and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunofluorescence were conducted to determine the expression of genes associated with miR-29a/b and EndMT. A luciferase reporter gene assay was also performed to confirm the association between miR-29a/b and neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 2 (Notch2). The expression levels of miR-29a/b, and endothelial markers vascular endothelial cadherin and cluster of differentiation 31 were decreased, whereas the expression levels of Notch2 and mesenchymal markers, including α-smooth muscle actin, fibroblast-specific protein 1 (also named S100 calcium binding protein A4, S100A4), fibronectin and SNAI1 were increased in HRMECs under HG (30 nM) conditions. In addition, Notch2 was identified as a target of miR-29a and miR-29b. Overexpression of miR-29a/b downregulated the expression of Notch2 and subsequently suppressed HG-induced EndMT. Taken together, the results of the present study revealed that the miR-29/Notch2 signaling pathway may participate in the regulation of HG-induced EndMT, and may serve as a potential molecular target during fibrosis in PDR.
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Kovacic JC, Dimmeler S, Harvey RP, Finkel T, Aikawa E, Krenning G, Baker AH. Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Cardiovascular Disease: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 73:190-209. [PMID: 30654892 PMCID: PMC6865825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a process whereby an endothelial cell undergoes a series of molecular events that lead to a change in phenotype toward a mesenchymal cell (e.g., myofibroblast, smooth muscle cell). EndMT plays a fundamental role during development, and mounting evidence indicates that EndMT is involved in adult cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, valvular disease, and fibroelastosis. Therefore, the targeting of EndMT may hold therapeutic promise for treating CVD. However, the field faces a number of challenges, including the lack of a precise functional and molecular definition, a lack of understanding of the causative pathological role of EndMT in CVDs (versus being a "bystander-phenomenon"), and a lack of robust human data corroborating the extent and causality of EndMT in adult CVDs. Here, we review this emerging but exciting field, and propose a framework for its systematic advancement at the molecular and translational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Kovacic
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, and German Center of Cardiovascular Research, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Toren Finkel
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, and Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Guido Krenning
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew H Baker
- UoE/BHF Center for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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Yao Y, Li Y, Zeng X, Ye Z, Li X, Zhang L. Losartan Alleviates Renal Fibrosis and Inhibits Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Under High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperglycemia. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1213. [PMID: 30420805 PMCID: PMC6215973 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of glomerular vascular endothelial cells is considered to be pivotal in diabetic nephropathy (DN). The risk of DN can be decreased by losartan, but the potential molecular mechanism(s) are not fully understood. Extensive data show that the EMT occurs in proximal tubular endothelial cells resulting in an endothelial phenotype switch (fibrotic matrix accumulation), consequently enhancing the development of renal interstitial fibrosis. Here, we found that losartan significantly ameliorated DN-induced renal fibrosis progression via inhibition of the EMT in mice. In vivo experiments suggested that losartan significantly alleviated microalbuminuria and pathologic changes under high-fat diet-induced hyperglycemia. Immunohistochemistry indicated that losartan suppressed the EMT in glomeruli. In addition, losartan decreased oxidative stress damage and inhibited the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/Smad pathway. Furthermore, consistent changes were detected in vitro where losartan markedly inhibited the EMT and TGF-β1/Smad pathway induced by high glucose in glomerular endothelial cells. Together, these results suggested that losartan could alleviate the EMT in glomeruli via inhibition of oxidative stress damage and the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway under hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofei Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Ye
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Wenhua College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Jackson AO, Regine MA, Subrata C, Long S. Molecular mechanisms and genetic regulation in atherosclerosis. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2018; 21:36-44. [PMID: 30276232 PMCID: PMC6161413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) manifested by lipid accumulation, extracellular matrix protein deposition, and calcification in the intima and media of the large to medium size arteries promoting arterial stiffness and reduction of elasticity. It has been accepted that AS leads to increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent studies indicated that genetic abnormalities play an important role in the development of AS. Specific genetic mutation and histone modification have been found to induce AS formation. Furthermore, specific RNAs such as microRNAs and circular RNAs have been identified to play a crucial role in the progression of AS. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which genetic mutation, DNA and histone modification, microRNAs and circular RNA induce AS still remain elusive. This review describes specific mechanisms and pathways through which genetic mutation, DNA and histone modification, microRNAs and circular RNA instigate AS. This review further provides a therapeutic strategic direction for the treatment of AS targeting genetic mechanisms. DNA and histone modifications promote transcriptional changes in atherosclerosis. Gene mutations cause dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia to promote atherosclerosis. miRNAs and cirRNA are involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Gene mutations associated oxidative stress and altered inflammatory and nutritive factors promote atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ampadu-Okyere Jackson
- Research lab of translational medicine, Medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, China.,International college, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Mugwaneza Annick Regine
- Research lab of translational medicine, Medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, China.,International college, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Chakrabarti Subrata
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shiyin Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, China
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Cho JG, Lee A, Chang W, Lee MS, Kim J. Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition Represents a Key Link in the Interaction between Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29515588 PMCID: PMC5826197 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells that line the inner walls of blood vessels are in direct contact with blood and display remarkable heterogeneity in their response to exogenous stimuli. These ECs have unique location-dependent properties determined by the corresponding vascular beds and play an important role in regulating the homeostasis of the vascular system. Evidence suggests that vascular endothelial cells exposed to various environments undergo dynamic phenotypic switching, a key biological program in the context of endothelial heterogeneity, but that might result in EC dysfunction and, in turn, cause a variety of human diseases. Emerging studies show the importance of endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in endothelial dysfunction during inflammation. EndMT is a complex biological process in which ECs lose their endothelial characteristics, acquire mesenchymal phenotypes, and express mesenchymal cell markers, such as alpha smooth muscle actin and fibroblast-specific protein 1. EndMT is induced by inflammatory responses, leading to pathological states, including tissue fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and atherosclerosis, via dysfunction of the vascular system. Although the mechanisms associated with inflammation-induced EndMT have been identified, unraveling the specific role of this phenotypic switching in vascular dysfunction remains a challenge. Here, we review the current understanding on the interactions between inflammatory processes, EndMT, and endothelial dysfunction, with a focus on the mechanisms that regulate essential signaling pathways. Identification of such mechanisms will guide future research and could provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gu Cho
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Aram Lee
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woochul Chang
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Myeong-Sok Lee
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
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Serralheiro P, Soares A, Costa Almeida CM, Verde I. TGF-β1 in Vascular Wall Pathology: Unraveling Chronic Venous Insufficiency Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2534. [PMID: 29186866 PMCID: PMC5751137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins occur commonly in affluent countries and are a socioeconomic burden. However, there remains a relative lack of knowledge about venous pathophysiology. Various theories have been suggested, yet the molecular sequence of events is poorly understood. Transforming growth factor-beta one (TGF-β1) is a highly complex polypeptide with multifunctional properties that has an active role during embryonic development, in adult organ physiology and in the pathophysiology of major diseases, including cancer and various autoimmune, fibrotic and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, an emphasis on understanding its signaling pathways (and possible disruptions) will be an essential requirement for a better comprehension and management of specific diseases. This review aims at shedding more light on venous pathophysiology by describing the TGF-β1 structure, function, activation and signaling, and providing an overview of how this growth factor and disturbances in its signaling pathway may contribute to specific pathological processes concerning the vessel wall which, in turn, may have a role in chronic venous insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Serralheiro
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Colney Ln, Norwich NR47UY, UK.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Andreia Soares
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Colney Ln, Norwich NR47UY, UK.
| | - Carlos M Costa Almeida
- Department of General Surgery (C), Coimbra University Hospital Centre, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ignacio Verde
- Faculty of Health Sciences, CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
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