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Jaito W, Singchat W, Patta C, Thatukan C, Kumnan N, Chalermwong P, Budi T, Panthum T, Wongloet W, Wattanadilokchatkun P, Thong T, Muangmai N, Han K, Duengkae P, Phatcharakullawarawat R, Srikulnath K. Shared alleles and genetic structures in different Thai domestic cat breeds: the possible influence of common racial origins. Genomics Inform 2024; 22:12. [PMID: 39085978 PMCID: PMC11292921 DOI: 10.1186/s44342-024-00013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Over hundreds of years, cats have been domesticated and selectively bred, resulting in numerous pedigreed breeds expedited by recent cat shows and breeding associations. Concerns have been raised about the limited breeding options and the genetic implications of inbreeding, indicating challenges in maintaining genetic diversity and accurate identification in purebred cats. In this study, genetic variability and structure were examined in 5 Thai domestic cat breeds using 15 microsatellite markers and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop sequencing. In total, 184 samples representing the Wichien Maat (WCM), Suphalak (SL), Khao-Manee (KM), Korat (KR), and Konja (KJ) breeds were analyzed. High genetic diversity (Ho and He > 0.5) was observed in all breeds, and mtDNA analysis revealed two primary haplogroups (A and B) that were shared among all domestic cat breeds in Thailand and globally. However, minor differences were observed between Thai domestic cat breeds based on clustering analyses, in which a distinct genetic structure was observed in the WCM breed. This suggests that allele fixation for distinctive morphological traits has occurred in Thai domestic cat breeds that emerged in isolated regions with shared racial origins. Analysis of relationships among individuals within the breed revealed high identification efficiency in Thai domestic cat breeds (P(ID)sibs < 10-4). Additionally, diverse and effective individual identification can be ensured by optimizing marker efficiency by using only nine loci. This comprehensive genetic characterization provides valuable insights into conservation strategies and breeding practices for Thai domestic cat breeds.
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Grants
- 6514400931,6514400892, 6514400906, 6514400914, 6514400949 Higher Education for Industry Consortium (Hi-FI)
- 6514400931,6514400892, 6514400906, 6514400914, 6514400949 Higher Education for Industry Consortium (Hi-FI)
- 6514400931,6514400892, 6514400906, 6514400914, 6514400949 Higher Education for Industry Consortium (Hi-FI)
- 6514400931,6514400892, 6514400906, 6514400914, 6514400949 Higher Education for Industry Consortium (Hi-FI)
- 6514400931,6514400892, 6514400906, 6514400914, 6514400949 Higher Education for Industry Consortium (Hi-FI)
- 6514400931,6514400892, 6514400906, 6514400914, 6514400949 Higher Education for Industry Consortium (Hi-FI)
- 6514400931,6514400892, 6514400906, 6514400914, 6514400949 Higher Education for Industry Consortium (Hi-FI)
- 6514400931,6514400892, 6514400906, 6514400914, 6514400949 Higher Education for Industry Consortium (Hi-FI)
- 6514400931,6514400892, 6514400906, 6514400914, 6514400949 Higher Education for Industry Consortium (Hi-FI)
- FF(S-KU)17.66, FF(SRU)25.64, and FF(KU)45.67 Kasetsart University Research and Development Institute funds
- FF(S-KU)17.66, FF(SRU)25.64, and FF(KU)45.67 Kasetsart University Research and Development Institute funds
- FF(S-KU)17.66, FF(SRU)25.64, and FF(KU)45.67 Kasetsart University Research and Development Institute funds
- FF(S-KU)17.66, FF(SRU)25.64, and FF(KU)45.67 Kasetsart University Research and Development Institute funds
- 3/2564 Thailand Science Research and Innovation (TSRI) grant through the Kasetsart University Reinventing University Program 2021
- 3/2564 Thailand Science Research and Innovation (TSRI) grant through the Kasetsart University Reinventing University Program 2021
- Higher Education for Industry Consortium (Hi–FI)
- International SciKU Branding (ISB), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University
- High-Quality Research Graduate Development Cooperation Project between Kasetsart University and the National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA)
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Affiliation(s)
- Wattanawan Jaito
- Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Sciences for Industry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Mind Pets Animal Hospital, 169/10 Khlongsongtonnun, Latkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Worapong Singchat
- Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
- Sciences for Industry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
- Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics (SRUWG), Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
| | - Chananya Patta
- Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Sciences for Industry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Mind Pets Animal Hospital, 169/10 Khlongsongtonnun, Latkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Chadaphon Thatukan
- Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Sciences for Industry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Mind Pets Animal Hospital, 169/10 Khlongsongtonnun, Latkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Nichakorn Kumnan
- Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Sciences for Industry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Mind Pets Animal Hospital, 169/10 Khlongsongtonnun, Latkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Piangjai Chalermwong
- Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Sciences for Industry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Mind Pets Animal Hospital, 169/10 Khlongsongtonnun, Latkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Trifan Budi
- Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Thitipong Panthum
- Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Wongsathit Wongloet
- Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics (SRUWG), Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Pish Wattanadilokchatkun
- Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Thanyapat Thong
- Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Narongrit Muangmai
- Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Kyudong Han
- Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea
- Bio-Medical Engineering Core Facility Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea
| | - Prateep Duengkae
- Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics (SRUWG), Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | | | - Kornsorn Srikulnath
- Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
- Sciences for Industry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
- Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics (SRUWG), Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics (ACCG), Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
- Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, National Research University-Kasetsart University, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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Examination of Shape Variation of the Skull in British Shorthair, Scottish Fold, and Van Cats. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040614. [PMID: 36830403 PMCID: PMC9951682 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of skull shapes are frequently used for discrimination between animal species, breeds, and sexes. In this study, skulls of three different breeds of cats were examined by the geometric morphometric method, with the aim of revealing skull shape differences. For this purpose, 27 cats (6 British Shorthair, 7 Scottish Fold, and 14 Van cats) were used. The skulls of cats were modeled by computed tomography. Geometric morphometrics was applied using dorsal (8 landmarks, 63 semilandmarks) and lateral (8 landmarks, 63 semilandmarks) skull projections on these models. Centroid size differences between the breeds were statistically insignificant. However, the differences in shape were statistically significant for both the dorsal view and lateral view. Shape variation was less in the British Shorthair than in other breeds. Shape differences generally occurred around the orbit. In the skull of Scottish Folds, the orbit was situated more caudally than in other breeds. The British Shorthair had the largest orbital ring. In dorsal view, the Scottish Fold had the largest orbital diameter. The orbital ring of Van cats was smallest in both dorsal and lateral views. In the canonical variate analysis, it was seen that the breeds were separated from each other. The shape difference in the skull between different cat breeds could be revealed by geometric morphometrics. The results of this study provide useful information for taxonomy.
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Zhang X, Jamwal K, Distl O. Tracking footprints of artificial and natural selection signatures in breeding and non-breeding cats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18061. [PMID: 36302822 PMCID: PMC9613910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Stray non-breeding cats (stray) represent the largest heterogeneous cat population subject to natural selection, while populations of the Siamese (SIAM) and Oriental Shorthair (OSH) breeds developed through intensive artificial selection for aesthetic traits. Runs of homozygosity (ROH) and demographic measures are useful tools to discover chromosomal regions of recent selection and to characterize genetic diversity in domestic cat populations. To achieve this, we genotyped 150 stray and 26 household non-breeding cats (household) on the Illumina feline 63 K SNP BeadChip and compared them to SIAM and OSH. The 50% decay value of squared correlation coefficients (r2) in stray (0.23), household (0.25), OSH (0.24) and SIAM (0.25) corresponded to a mean marker distance of 1.12 Kb, 4.55 Kb, 62.50 Kb and 175.07 Kb, respectively. The effective population size (Ne) decreased in the current generation to 55 in stray, 11 in household, 9 in OSH and 7 in SIAM. In the recent generation, the increase in inbreeding per generation (ΔF) reached its maximum values of 0.0090, 0.0443, 0.0561 and 0.0710 in stray, household, OSH and SIAM, respectively. The genomic inbreeding coefficient (FROH) based on ROH was calculated for three length categories. The FROH was between 0.014 (FROH60) and 0.020 (FROH5) for stray, between 0.018 (FROH60) and 0.024 (FROH5) for household, between 0.048 (FROH60) and 0.069 (FROH5) for OSH and between 0.053 (FROH60) and 0.073 (FROH5) for SIAM. We identified nine unique selective regions for stray through genome-wide analyses for regions with reduced heterozygosity based on FST statistics. Genes in these regions have previously been associated with reproduction (BUB1B), motor/neurological behavior (GPHN, GABRB3), cold-induced thermogenesis (DIO2, TSHR), immune system development (TSHR), viral carcinogenesis (GTF2A1), host immune response against bacteria, viruses, chemoattractant and cancer cells (PLCB2, BAHD1, TIGAR), and lifespan and aging (BUB1B, FGF23). In addition, we identified twelve unique selective regions for OSH containing candidate genes for a wide range of coat colors and patterns (ADAMTS20, KITLG, TYR, TYRO3-a MITF regulator, GPNMB, FGF7, RAB38) as well as congenital heart defects (PDE4D, PKP2) and gastrointestinal disorders (NLGN1, ALDH1B1). Genes in stray that represent unique selective events indicate, at least in part, natural selection for environmental adaptation and resistance to infectious disease, and should be the subject of future research. Stray cats represent an important genetic resource and have the potential to become a research model for disease resistance and longevity, which is why we recommend preserving semen before neutering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuying Zhang
- grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kokila Jamwal
- grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ottmar Distl
- grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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4
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Abstract
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE When compared with the number of individuals that make up a dog breed, the population within a given cat breed is very small. Therefore, to maintain a breed standard, a certain degree of inbreeding is necessary. However, when inbreeding reaches a certain threshold, it can lead to decreased fertility, which manifests as failure to conceive, smaller litter size, increased neonatal illness and neonatal mortality. Breeders should be encouraged to keep comprehensive records on breeding outcomes, including number of kittens born, neonatal vitality, daily kitten weights and kitten health at weaning. Commercially available DNA panels are available to inform and facilitate excellent breeding choices and can estimate the coefficient of inbreeding. Clinicians should include a review of the degree of inbreeding in the work-up for any cattery or cat colony experiencing decreased fertility. AIM The objective of this article is to provide clinicians, especially those working with cat breeders, with an easy-to-understand guide to genetics and to demonstrate how inbreeding influences fertility and neonatal survival. EQUIPMENT AND TECHNICAL SKILLS Medical records and the pedigree of the cats in question are required to investigate cases of infertility that may be related to inbreeding. A DNA analysis kit that measures genetic diversity and health parameters can also be helpful; those that have been developed by geneticists and veterinarians at universities are preferable, as they include access to highly skilled genetic counselors and researchers who are open to working up newly discovered genetic diseases. EVIDENCE BASE The material provided is based on current literature and the author's own studies examining outcomes in a closed cattery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margret L Casal
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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5
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Mugnier A, Cane T, Gaillard V, Grellet A, Chastant S. Birth weight in the feline species: Description and factors of variation in a large population of purebred kittens. Theriogenology 2022; 190:32-37. [PMID: 35914349 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Birth weight is one of the earliest health parameters with short (neonatal period) and long term (adulthood) implications for an individual. The present work was conducted on the domestic cat, with the objective of determining factors affecting kitten birth weight. Data voluntarily shared by 139 French breeders allowed building a large dataset of purebred kittens (n = 3,547) from 15 breeds. A linear mixed model with queen and cattery as random terms was used to investigate variation factors of kitten birth weight such as breed, litter size, season of birth, age of the queen, presence of stillborn in the litter, sex of the kitten. The most important factor was breed which explained 25% of the variation in birth weight observed in the study population. The five other parameters were also significant but explained only a small additional part of the variance (less than 3% each). Analyses showed that kitten birth weight increased with the age of the queen, was higher in males than females and in litters without stillbirth than in litters with at least one stillborn. In addition, lower birth weights were recorded in summer and autumn compared to other seasons, and birth weight values decreased as the number of kittens in the litter increased. In order to group feline breeds according to their average birth weights and litter sizes, a K-means algorithm was used to identify three clusters among the 15 breeds represented (Group 1: small litter sizes/low birth weights; Group 2: large litter sizes/intermediate birth weights; Group 3: large litter sizes/high birth weights). This study, based on a large dataset established at the national scale, provides reference values of feline birth weights for breeders and veterinarians. The next step could be to explore the relationship between birth weight and neonatal mortality to help identify neonates requiring specific care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Mugnier
- NeoCare, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France.
| | - Thibault Cane
- NeoCare, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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Haider S, Iqbal J, Naseer S, Yaseen T, Shaukat M, Bibi H, Ahmad Y, Daud H, Abbasi NL, Mahmood T. Molecular mechanisms of plant tolerance to heat stress: current landscape and future perspectives. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2247-2271. [PMID: 33890138 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02696-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We summarize recent studies focusing on the molecular basis of plant heat stress response (HSR), how HSR leads to thermotolerance, and promote plant adaptation to recurring heat stress events. The global crop productivity is facing unprecedented threats due to climate change as high temperature negatively influences plant growth and metabolism. Owing to their sessile nature, plants have developed complex signaling networks which enable them to perceive changes in ambient temperature. This in turn activates a suite of molecular changes that promote plant survival and reproduction under adverse conditions. Deciphering these mechanisms is an important task, as this could facilitate development of molecular markers, which could be ultimately used to breed thermotolerant crop cultivars. In current article, we summarize mechanisms involve in plant heat stress acclimation with special emphasis on advances related to heat stress perception, heat-induced signaling, heat stress-responsive gene expression and thermomemory that promote plant adaptation to short- and long-term-recurring heat-stress events. In the end, we will discuss impact of emerging technologies that could facilitate the development of heat stress-tolerant crop cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqlain Haider
- Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
- Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Kanju, 19201, Pakistan.
| | - Sana Naseer
- Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Tabassum Yaseen
- Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muzaffar Shaukat
- Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Haleema Bibi
- Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Yumna Ahmad
- Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Hina Daud
- Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Nayyab Laiba Abbasi
- Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Rorden C, Griswold MC, Moses N, Berry CR, Keller GG, Rivas R, Flores-Smith H, Shaffer LG, Malik R. Radiographical Survey of Osteochondrodysplasia in Scottish Fold Cats caused by the TRPV4 gene variant. Hum Genet 2021; 140:1525-1534. [PMID: 34406467 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The unique appearance of Scottish Fold cats is caused by a single gene variant in TRPV4, which impacts the development of cartilage. This results in the ears folding forward and variable effects on articular cartilage and bone. While some find this appearance desirable, early work demonstrated that homozygous cats with two copies of this variant develop severe radiographic consequences. Subsequent breeding programs have mated heterozygous cats with straight-eared cats to ensure an equal mix of heterozygous (fold) and wild-type (nonfolded) offspring, in the hope of raising healthy cats. More recent radiological surveys suggest that these heterozygous cats may also have medical problems consisting of deformed distal extremities in the worst cases and accelerated onset of osteoarthritis. However, these previous studies were undermined by selection biases, lack of controls, unblinded assessment and lack of known genotypes. Our aim was to determine if heterozygous cats exhibit radiological abnormalities when controlling for these limitations. Specifically, DNA and radiographs were acquired for 22 Scottish Fold cats. Four reviewers, blinded to the ear phenotype, assessed the lateral radiographs. Genotyping showed that all 10 folded-ear cats were heterozygous, and none of the straight-ear cats (n = 12) had the abnormal TRPV4 variant. Although each reviewer, on average, gave a numerically worse 'severity score' to folded-ear cats relative to straight-ear cats, the images in heterozygous cats showed much milder radiological signs than previously published. This study provides additional information to be considered in the complicated debate as to whether cats with the TRPV4 variant should be bred for folded ears given the potential comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Rorden
- McCausland Center for Brain Imaging and Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - Marilee C Griswold
- The Cat Fanciers' Association, Inc., Alliance, OH, 44601, USA
- Eau Claire Cooperative Health Center, Columbia, SC, 29203, USA
| | - Nan Moses
- 4 Seasons Cat Hospital, Charlotte, NC, 28226, USA
| | - Clifford R Berry
- Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | | | - Rudy Rivas
- Columbia Veterinary Emergency Trauma and Specialty, Columbia, SC, 29223, USA
| | - Helen Flores-Smith
- Paw Print Genetics, Genetic Veterinary Sciences, Inc., Spokane, WA, 99207, USA
| | - Lisa G Shaffer
- Paw Print Genetics, Genetic Veterinary Sciences, Inc., Spokane, WA, 99207, USA
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Richard Malik
- Centre for Veterinary Education, The University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Mikkola S, Salonen M, Hakanen E, Sulkama S, Lohi H. Reliability and Validity of Seven Feline Behavior and Personality Traits. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071991. [PMID: 34359119 PMCID: PMC8300181 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestic cats are popular pets, and they have personalities, with stable behavior differences between individuals. Lately, feline behavior and personality have been studied with different approaches, for example, with owner-completed questionnaires. The majority of these studies, however, lack a sufficient validation and reliability assessment of the questionnaires used. We designed an online feline behavior and personality questionnaire to collect cat behavior data from their owners. Then, we ran a factor analysis to study the structure of personality and behavior in a dataset of over 4300 cats. For validation, we studied the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, inter-rater reliability, convergent validity and discriminant validity of this questionnaire and extracted factors. In addition, we briefly examined breed differences in the seven discovered factors: fearfulness, activity/playfulness, aggression toward humans, sociability toward humans, sociability toward cats, excessive grooming and litterbox issues. Most of the rank ordering of breeds within each trait paralleled what has been found in previous studies. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire and factors were good, strengthening owner-completed questionnaires as a method to collect behavioral data from pet animals. Breed differences suggest a genetic background for personality. However, these differences should be studied further with multidimensional models, including environmental and biological variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salla Mikkola
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (S.M.); (M.S.); (E.H.); (S.S.)
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Milla Salonen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (S.M.); (M.S.); (E.H.); (S.S.)
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emma Hakanen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (S.M.); (M.S.); (E.H.); (S.S.)
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sini Sulkama
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (S.M.); (M.S.); (E.H.); (S.S.)
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (S.M.); (M.S.); (E.H.); (S.S.)
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-829-412-5085
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9
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Hamelin A, Conchou F, Fusellier M, Duchenij B, Vieira I, Filhol E, Dufaure de Citres C, Tiret L, Gache V, Abitbol M. Genetic heterogeneity of polydactyly in Maine Coon cats. J Feline Med Surg 2020; 22:1103-1113. [PMID: 32067556 PMCID: PMC10814362 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x20905061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polydactyly has been described in two breeds of domestic cats (Maine Coon and Pixie Bob) and in some outbred domestic cats (eg, Hemingway cats). In most cases, feline polydactyly is a non-syndromic preaxial polydactyly. Three variants located in a regulatory sequence involved in limb development, named ZRS (zone of polarising activity regulatory sequence), have been identified to be responsible for feline polydactyly. These variants have been found in outbred domestic cats in the UK (UK1 and UK2 variants) and in Hemingway cats in the USA (Hw variant). The aim of this study was to characterise the genetic features of polydactyly in Maine Coon cats. METHODS Genotyping assay was used to identify the variant(s) segregating in a cohort of 75 polydactyl and non-polydactyl Maine Coon cats from different breeding lines from Europe, Canada and the USA. The authors performed a segregation analysis to identify the inheritance pattern of polydactyly in this cohort and analysed the population structure. RESULTS The Hw allele was identified in a subset of polydactyl cats. Sequencing of two regulatory sequences involved in limb development did not reveal any other variant in polydactyl cats lacking the Hw allele. Additionally, genotype-phenotype and segregation analyses revealed the peculiar inheritance pattern of polydactyly in Maine Coon cats. The population structure analysis demonstrated a genetic distinction between Hw and Hw-free polydactyl cats. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Polydactyly in Maine Coon cats is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity, and this trait is characterised by genetic heterogeneity in the Maine Coon breed. Maine Coon breeders should be aware of this situation and adapt their breeding practices accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Hamelin
- National Veterinary School of Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Fabrice Conchou
- Unit of Medical Imaging, National Veterinary School of Toulouse, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Fusellier
- National Veterinary School of Nantes, Oniris, Atlanpole, La Chantrerie, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Emilie Filhol
- National Veterinary School of Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | | | - Laurent Tiret
- National Veterinary School of Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris-Est, Créteil, France
- U955 – IMRB, Team 10 – Biology of the Neuromuscular System, INSERM, UPEC, EFS, National Veterinary School of Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Vincent Gache
- NeuroMyoGène Institute, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculty of Medicine, Rockefeller, Claude Bernard Lyon I University, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Abitbol
- NeuroMyoGène Institute, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculty of Medicine, Rockefeller, Claude Bernard Lyon I University, Lyon, France
- VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, Marcy-l’Etoile, France
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10
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Matsumoto Y, Ruamrungsri N, Arahori M, Ukawa H, Ohashi K, Lyons LA, Ishihara G. Genetic relationships and inbreeding levels among geographically distant populations of Felis catus from Japan and the United States. Genomics 2020; 113:104-110. [PMID: 33246017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Pedigreed cats have traditionally been mated with close relatives, which increases the risks for inbreeding depression and genetic disorders. We evaluated the genome-wide population structure and the degree of inbreeding of 1022 cats, including 13 pedigreed and two random bred populations from Japan and the USA, using single nucleotide polymorphism array-based data. Ancestry structure analysis revealed Japan's American Curl, Norwegian Forest, and Siamese cat populations were genetically distinct from their American counterparts. Furthermore, we found an ancestral genetic component shared between five pedigreed and random bred Japanese cats, suggesting the breeds were admixed with Japanese cats or cats of east Asian origin. Between-country differences in inbreeding estimates based on runs of homozygosity were found for Maine Coon, Siamese, and random bred cats. To reduce the risks of inbreeding depression and genetic disorders, particularly for highly inbred breeds, such as Abyssinian cats, as well as Russian Blue and Siamese cats in the USA, appropriate breeding practices must be observed, including mating practices that increase the genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Matsumoto
- Research and Development Section, Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., Kanagawa, Japan; Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Napat Ruamrungsri
- Research and Development Section, Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Minori Arahori
- Research and Development Section, Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., Kanagawa, Japan; Wildlife Research Center of Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ukawa
- Research and Development Section, Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ken Ohashi
- Research and Development Section, Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Leslie A Lyons
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, MO, USA
| | - Genki Ishihara
- Research and Development Section, Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
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11
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Mapping of Diabetes Susceptibility Loci in a Domestic Cat Breed with an Unusually High Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111369. [PMID: 33228033 PMCID: PMC7699364 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants that are associated with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (T2D) are important for identification of individuals at risk and can provide insights into the molecular basis of disease. Analysis of T2D in domestic animals provides both the opportunity to improve veterinary management and breeding programs as well as to identify novel T2D risk genes. Australian-bred Burmese (ABB) cats have a 4-fold increased incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to Burmese cats bred in the United States. This is likely attributable to a genetic founder effect. We investigated this by performing a genome-wide association scan on ABB cats. Four SNPs were associated with the ABB T2D phenotype with p values <0.005. All exons and splice junctions of candidate genes near significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were sequenced, including the genes DGKG, IFG2BP2, SLC8A1, E2F6, ETV5, TRA2B and LIPH. Six candidate polymorphisms were followed up in a larger cohort of ABB cats with or without T2D and also in Burmese cats bred in America, which exhibit low T2D incidence. The original SNPs were confirmed in this cohort as associated with the T2D phenotype, although no novel coding SNPs in any of the seven candidate genes showed association with T2D. The identification of genetic markers associated with T2D susceptibility in ABB cats will enable preventative health strategies and guide breeding programs to reduce the prevalence of T2D in these cats.
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12
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Okano M, Miyamae J, Suzuki S, Nishiya K, Katakura F, Kulski JK, Moritomo T, Shiina T. Identification of Novel Alleles and Structural Haplotypes of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I and DRB Genes in Domestic Cat ( Felis catus) by a Newly Developed NGS-Based Genotyping Method. Front Genet 2020; 11:750. [PMID: 32760428 PMCID: PMC7375346 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a highly polymorphic and duplicated genomic region that encodes transplantation and immune regulatory molecules. Although it is well-known that particular MHC allelic polymorphisms and haplotypes are genetically relate to immune-mediated diseases detailed information of the cat MHC (Feline Leukocyte Antigen; FLA) genetic and haplotypic structure and diversity is limited in comparison to humans and many other species. In this study, to better understand the degree and types of allele and allelic haplotype diversity of FLA-class I (FLA-I) and FLA-DRB loci in domestic cats, we identified six expressible FLA-I loci in peripheral white blood cells by in silico estimation of the coding exons and NGS-based amplicon sequencing using five unrelated cats. We then used a newly developed NGS-based genotyping method to genotype and annotate 32 FLA-I and 16 FLA-DRB sequences in two families of 20 domestic cats. A total of 14 FLA-I and seven FLA-DRB were identified as novel polymorphic sequences. Phylogenetic analyses grouped the sequences into six FLA-I (FLA-E/H/K, FLA-A, FLA-J, FLA-L, FLA-O and a tentatively named FLA-E/H/K_Rec) and four FLA-DRB (FLA-DRB1, FLA-DRB3, FLA-DRB4, and FLA-DRB5) lineages. Pedigree analysis of two cat families revealed eight distinct FLA structural haplotypes (Class I - DRB) with five to eight FLA-I and two to three FLA-DRB transcribed loci per haplotype. It is evident that the eight FLA haplotypes were generated by gene duplications and deletions, and rearrangements by genetic recombination with the accumulation and/or inheritance of novel polymorphisms. These findings are useful for further genetic diversity analysis and disease association studies among cat breeds and in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Okano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Jiro Miyamae
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Japan
| | - Shingo Suzuki
- Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Kohei Nishiya
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Katakura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Jerzy K Kulski
- Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, UWA Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tadaaki Moritomo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiina
- Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
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13
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Ngo MH, Soma T, Youn HY, Endo T, Makundi I, Kawasaki J, Miyake A, Nga BTT, Nguyen H, Arnal M, Fernández de Luco D, Deshapriya RMC, Hatoya S, Nishigaki K. Distribution of infectious endogenous retroviruses in mixed-breed and purebred cats. Arch Virol 2019; 165:157-167. [PMID: 31748876 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses of domestic cats (ERV-DCs) are members of the genus Gammaretrovirus that infect domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus). Uniquely, domestic cats harbor replication-competent proviruses such as ERV-DC10 (ERV-DC18) and ERV-DC14 (xenotropic and nonecotropic viruses, respectively). The purpose of this study was to assess invasion by two distinct infectious ERV-DCs, ERV-DC10 and ERV-DC14, in domestic cats. Of a total sample of 1646 cats, 568 animals (34.5%) were positive for ERV-DC10 (heterozygous: 377; homozygous: 191), 68 animals (4.1%) were positive for ERV-DC14 (heterozygous: 67; homozygous: 1), and 10 animals (0.6%) were positive for both ERV-DC10 and ERV-DC14. ERV-DC10 and ERV-DC14 were detected in domestic cats in Japan as well as in Tanzania, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, South Korea and Spain. Breeding cats, including Singapura, Norwegian Forest and Ragdoll cats, showed high frequencies of ERV-DC10 (60-100%). By contrast, ERV-DC14 was detected at low frequency in breeding cats. Our results suggest that ERV-DC10 is widely distributed while ERV-DC14 is maintained in a minor population of cats. Thus, ERV-DC10 and ERV-DC14 have invaded cat populations independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Ha Ngo
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Takehisa Soma
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Marupi Lifetech Co., Ltd., 103 Fushiocho, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-0011, Japan
| | - Hwa-Young Youn
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital for Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Taiji Endo
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Isaac Makundi
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Junna Kawasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Ariko Miyake
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Bui Thi To Nga
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Huyen Nguyen
- Animal Care Clinic, 20/424 Thuy Khue Street, Tay Ho District, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - MaríaCruz Arnal
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Daniel Fernández de Luco
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - R M C Deshapriya
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Shingo Hatoya
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nishigaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
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14
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Shang S, Zhang M, Zhao Y, Dang W, Hua P, Zhang S, Wang Z. Development and validation of a novel 13‐plex
PCR
system for commonly used short tandem repeats in horses (
Equus caballus
). Equine Vet J 2018; 51:688-695. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Shang
- Institute of Equine Sciences College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang PR China
- College of Food Science Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang PR China
| | - M. Zhang
- College of Economics and Management Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang PR China
| | - Y. Zhao
- Institute of Equine Sciences College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang PR China
| | - W. Dang
- Institute of Equine Sciences College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang PR China
| | - P. Hua
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai PR China
| | - S. Zhang
- Institute of Equine Sciences College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang PR China
| | - Z. Wang
- Institute of Equine Sciences College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang PR China
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15
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Owner-reported personality assessments are associated with breed groups but not with oxytocin receptor gene polymorphisms in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris). J Vet Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Werneburg I, Geiger M. Ontogeny of domestic dogs and the developmental foundations of carnivoran domestication. J MAMM EVOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-016-9346-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Mizukami K, Raj K, Osborne C, Giger U. Cystinuria Associated with Different SLC7A9 Gene Variants in the Cat. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159247. [PMID: 27404572 PMCID: PMC4942060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystinuria is a classical inborn error of metabolism characterized by a selective proximal renal tubular defect affecting cystine, ornithine, lysine, and arginine (COLA) reabsorption, which can lead to uroliths and urinary obstruction. In humans, dogs and mice, cystinuria is caused by variants in one of two genes, SLC3A1 and SLC7A9, which encode the rBAT and bo,+AT subunits of the bo,+ basic amino acid transporter system, respectively. In this study, exons and flanking regions of the SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 genes were sequenced from genomic DNA of cats (Felis catus) with COLAuria and cystine calculi. Relative to the Felis catus-6.2 reference genome sequence, DNA sequences from these affected cats revealed 3 unique homozygous SLC7A9 missense variants: one in exon 5 (p.Asp236Asn) from a non-purpose-bred medium-haired cat, one in exon 7 (p.Val294Glu) in a Maine Coon and a Sphinx cat, and one in exon 10 (p.Thr392Met) from a non-purpose-bred long-haired cat. A genotyping assay subsequently identified another cystinuric domestic medium-haired cat that was homozygous for the variant originally identified in the purebred cats. These missense variants result in deleterious amino acid substitutions of highly conserved residues in the bo,+AT protein. A limited population survey supported that the variants found were likely causative. The remaining 2 sequenced domestic short-haired cats had a heterozygous variant at a splice donor site in intron 10 and a homozygous single nucleotide variant at a branchpoint in intron 11 of SLC7A9, respectively. This study identifies the first SLC7A9 variants causing feline cystinuria and reveals that, as in humans and dogs, this disease is genetically heterogeneous in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keijiro Mizukami
- Section of Medical Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Karthik Raj
- Section of Medical Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Carl Osborne
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Urs Giger
- Section of Medical Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Brooks A, Creighton EK, Gandolfi B, Khan R, Grahn RA, Lyons LA. SNP Miniplexes for Individual Identification of Random-Bred Domestic Cats. J Forensic Sci 2016; 61:594-606. [PMID: 27122395 PMCID: PMC5019183 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the cat can be obtained from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analyses of fur. This study developed miniplexes using SNPs with high discriminating power for random‐bred domestic cats, focusing on individual and phenotypic identification. Seventy‐eight SNPs were investigated using a multiplex PCR followed by a fluorescently labeled single base extension (SBE) technique (SNaPshot®). The SNP miniplexes were evaluated for reliability, reproducibility, sensitivity, species specificity, detection limitations, and assignment accuracy. Six SNPplexes were developed containing 39 intergenic SNPs and 26 phenotypic SNPs, including a sex identification marker, ZFXY. The combined random match probability (cRMP) was 6.58 × 10−19 across all Western cat populations and the likelihood ratio was 1.52 × 1018. These SNPplexes can distinguish individual cats and their phenotypic traits, which could provide insight into crime reconstructions. A SNP database of 237 cats from 13 worldwide populations is now available for forensic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Brooks
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Erica K Creighton
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri - Columbia, 1600 East Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211
| | - Barbara Gandolfi
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616.,Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri - Columbia, 1600 East Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211
| | - Razib Khan
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Robert A Grahn
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Leslie A Lyons
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616.,Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri - Columbia, 1600 East Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211
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19
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RD-114 virus story: from RNA rumor virus to a useful viral tool for elucidating the world cats' journey. Uirusu 2016; 66:21-30. [PMID: 28484175 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.66.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
RD-114 virus is a feline endogenous retrovirus (ERV) isolated from human rhabdomyosarcoma in 1971 and classified as endogenous gammaretrovirus in domestic cats (Felis catus). Based on the previous reports in 70's, it has been considered that a horizontal, infectious event occurred to transfer the virus from ancient baboon species to ancient cat species, whereupon it became endogenous in the cat species about several million years ago in Mediterranean Basin. Although it has been believed that all domestic cats harbor infectious RD-114 provirus in their genome, we revealed that cats do not have infectious RD-114 viral loci, but infectious RD-114 virus is resurrected by recombination between uninfectious RD-114 virus-related ERVs [here we designated them as RD-114-related sequences (RDRSs)]. Further, we also revealed the RDRSs which would potentially be resurrected as RD-114 virus (here we refer to them as ''new'' RDRSs) had entered the genome of the domestic cat after domestication of the cat around 10 thousand years ago. The fractions and positions of RDRSs in the cat genome differed in Western and Eastern cat populations and cat breeds. Our study revealed that RDRS would be a useful tool for elucidating the world travel routes of domestic cats after domestication.
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20
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Abitbol M, Hitte C, Bossé P, Blanchard-Gutton N, Thomas A, Martignat L, Blot S, Tiret L. A COLQ Missense Mutation in Sphynx and Devon Rex Cats with Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137019. [PMID: 26327126 PMCID: PMC4556666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder characterized by skeletal muscle weakness, fatigability and variable electromyographic or muscular histopathological features has been described in the two related Sphynx and Devon Rex cat breeds (Felis catus). Collection of data from two affected Sphynx cats and their relatives pointed out a single disease candidate region on feline chromosome C2, identified following a genome-wide SNP-based homozygosity mapping strategy. In that region, we further identified COLQ (collagen-like tail subunit of asymmetric acetylcholinesterase) as a good candidate gene, since COLQ mutations were identified in affected humans and dogs with endplate acetylcholinesterase deficiency leading to a synaptic form of congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS). A homozygous c.1190G>A missense variant located in exon 15 of COLQ, leading to a C397Y substitution, was identified in the two affected cats. C397 is a highly-conserved residue from the C-terminal domain of the protein; its mutation was previously shown to produce CMS in humans, and here we confirmed in an affected Sphynx cat that it induces a loss of acetylcholinesterase clustering at the neuromuscular junction. Segregation of the c.1190G>A variant was 100% consistent with the autosomal recessive mode of inheritance of the disorder in our cat pedigree; in addition, an affected, unrelated Devon Rex cat recruited thereafter was also homozygous for the variant. Genotyping of a panel of 333 cats from 14 breeds failed to identify a single carrier in non-Sphynx and non-Devon Rex cats. Finally, the percentage of healthy carriers in a European subpanel of 81 genotyped Sphynx cats was estimated to be low (3.7%) and 14 control Devon Rex cats were genotyped as wild-type individuals. Altogether, these results strongly support that the neuromuscular disorder reported in Sphynx and Devon Rex breeds is a CMS caused by a unique c.1190G>A missense mutation, presumably transmitted through a founder effect, which strictly and slightly disseminated in these two breeds. The presently available DNA test will help owners avoid matings at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Abitbol
- Inserm, IMRB U955-E10, 94000, Créteil, France
- Université Paris Est, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, & Faculté de médecine, 94000, Créteil, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang, 94017, Créteil, France
- APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, DHU Pepsy & Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires GNMH, 94000 Créteil, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Christophe Hitte
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes IGDR, UMR6290 CNRS—Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Philippe Bossé
- Inserm, IMRB U955-E10, 94000, Créteil, France
- Université Paris Est, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, & Faculté de médecine, 94000, Créteil, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang, 94017, Créteil, France
- APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, DHU Pepsy & Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires GNMH, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Nicolas Blanchard-Gutton
- Inserm, IMRB U955-E10, 94000, Créteil, France
- Université Paris Est, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, & Faculté de médecine, 94000, Créteil, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang, 94017, Créteil, France
- APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, DHU Pepsy & Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires GNMH, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Anne Thomas
- Antagene, Animal Genetics Laboratory, La Tour de Salvagny, France
| | - Lionel Martignat
- ONIRIS, UP Sécurité Sanitaire en Biotechnologies de la Reproduction, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Blot
- Inserm, IMRB U955-E10, 94000, Créteil, France
- Université Paris Est, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, & Faculté de médecine, 94000, Créteil, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang, 94017, Créteil, France
- APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, DHU Pepsy & Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires GNMH, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Laurent Tiret
- Inserm, IMRB U955-E10, 94000, Créteil, France
- Université Paris Est, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, & Faculté de médecine, 94000, Créteil, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang, 94017, Créteil, France
- APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, DHU Pepsy & Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires GNMH, 94000 Créteil, France
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21
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Pollard RE, Koehne AL, Peterson CB, Lyons LA. Japanese Bobtail: vertebral morphology and genetic characterization of an established cat breed. J Feline Med Surg 2015; 17:719-26. [PMID: 25488973 PMCID: PMC11104057 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x14558147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Several cat breeds are defined by morphological variation of the tail. The Japanese Bobtail is a breed that has been accepted for registration only within the past 50 years; however, the congenital kinked tail variants defining this breed were documented in the Far East centuries ago and the cats are considered 'good luck' in several Asian cultures. The recent discovery of the mutation for the tailless Manx phenotype has demonstrated that the Japanese Bobtail does not have a causative mutation in the same gene (T-Box). Here, a simple segregation analysis of cats bred from a pedigreed Japanese Bobtail demonstrated a simple autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with variable expression of the tail length and kink placement. Unexpectedly, radiological examinations of the entire vertebral column of kink-tailed cats indicated variation from the normal vertebral feline formula (C7, T13, L7, S3, Cd20-24), including cats with mostly one reduction of thoracic vertebrae (C7, T12, L7, S3), and an average of 15.8 caudal vertebrae. A few cats had variation in the number of cervical vertebrae. Several transitional vertebrae and anomalous ribs were noted. One cat had a bifid vertebra in the tail. Most cats had hemivertebrae that were usually included in the tail kink, one of which was demonstrated by gross pathology and histopathology. The abnormal vertebral formula or the placement of the kink in the tail did not coincide with morbidity or mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Pollard
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Amanda L Koehne
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carlyn B Peterson
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Leslie A Lyons
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
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22
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Wesselink M, Bergwerff L, Hoogmoed D, Kloosterman AD, Kuiper I. Forensic utility of the feline mitochondrial control region - A Dutch perspective. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2015; 17:25-32. [PMID: 25796048 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Different portions of the feline mitochondrial DNA control region (CR) were evaluated for their informative value in forensic investigations. The 402bp region located between RS2 and RS3 described most extensively in the past is not efficient for distinguishing between the majority of Dutch cats, illustrated by a random match probability (RMP) of 41%. Typing of the whole region between RS2 and RS3, and additional typing of the 5'portion of the feline CR decreases the RMP to 29%, increasing the applicability of such analyses for forensic investigations. The haplotype distribution in Dutch random bred cats (N=113) differs greatly from the distributions reported for other countries, with a single haplotype NL-A1 present in 54% of the population. The three investigated breeds showed haplotype distributions differing from each other and the random bred cats with haplotype NL-A1 accounting for 4%, 29% and 32% of Maine Coon, Norwegian forest cats and Siamese & Oriental cats. These results indicate the necessity of validating haplotype frequencies within continents and regions prior to reporting the value a mtDNA match. In cases where known purebred cats are involved, further investigation of the breed may be valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Wesselink
- Netherlands Forensic Institute, P.O. Box 24044, 2490 AA The Hague, The Netherlands; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Leonie Bergwerff
- Netherlands Forensic Institute, P.O. Box 24044, 2490 AA The Hague, The Netherlands; Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle Hoogmoed
- Netherlands Forensic Institute, P.O. Box 24044, 2490 AA The Hague, The Netherlands; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ate D Kloosterman
- Netherlands Forensic Institute, P.O. Box 24044, 2490 AA The Hague, The Netherlands; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Kuiper
- Netherlands Forensic Institute, P.O. Box 24044, 2490 AA The Hague, The Netherlands
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23
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Shimode S, Nakagawa S, Miyazawa T. Multiple invasions of an infectious retrovirus in cat genomes. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8164. [PMID: 25641657 PMCID: PMC4313119 DOI: 10.1038/srep08164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are remnants of ancient retroviral infections of host germ-line cells. While most ERVs are defective, some are active and express viral proteins. The RD-114 virus is a replication-competent feline ERV, and several feline cell lines produce infectious RD-114 viral particles. All domestic cats are considered to have an ERV locus encoding a replication-competent RD-114 virus in their genomes; however, the locus has not been identified. In this study, we investigated RD-114 virus-related proviral loci in genomes of domestic cats, and found that none were capable of producing infectious viruses. We also found that all domestic cats have an RD-114 virus-related sequence on chromosome C2, termed RDRS C2a, but populations of the other RDRSs are different depending on the regions where cats live or breed. Our results indicate that RDRS C2a, the oldest RD-114-related provirus, entered the host genome before an ancestor of domestic cats started diverging and the other new RDRSs might have integrated into migrating cats in Europe. We also show that infectious RD-114 virus can be resurrected by the recombination between two non-infectious RDRSs. From these data, we conclude that cats do not harbor infectious RD-114 viral loci in their genomes and RD-114-related viruses invaded cat genomes multiple times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayumi Shimode
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - So Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Takayuki Miyazawa
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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24
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Montague MJ, Li G, Gandolfi B, Khan R, Aken BL, Searle SMJ, Minx P, Hillier LW, Koboldt DC, Davis BW, Driscoll CA, Barr CS, Blackistone K, Quilez J, Lorente-Galdos B, Marques-Bonet T, Alkan C, Thomas GWC, Hahn MW, Menotti-Raymond M, O'Brien SJ, Wilson RK, Lyons LA, Murphy WJ, Warren WC. Comparative analysis of the domestic cat genome reveals genetic signatures underlying feline biology and domestication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:17230-5. [PMID: 25385592 PMCID: PMC4260561 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1410083111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the genetic changes that distinguish domestic cat populations from their wild progenitors. Here we describe a high-quality domestic cat reference genome assembly and comparative inferences made with other cat breeds, wildcats, and other mammals. Based upon these comparisons, we identified positively selected genes enriched for genes involved in lipid metabolism that underpin adaptations to a hypercarnivorous diet. We also found positive selection signals within genes underlying sensory processes, especially those affecting vision and hearing in the carnivore lineage. We observed an evolutionary tradeoff between functional olfactory and vomeronasal receptor gene repertoires in the cat and dog genomes, with an expansion of the feline chemosensory system for detecting pheromones at the expense of odorant detection. Genomic regions harboring signatures of natural selection that distinguish domestic cats from their wild congeners are enriched in neural crest-related genes associated with behavior and reward in mouse models, as predicted by the domestication syndrome hypothesis. Our description of a previously unidentified allele for the gloving pigmentation pattern found in the Birman breed supports the hypothesis that cat breeds experienced strong selection on specific mutations drawn from random bred populations. Collectively, these findings provide insight into how the process of domestication altered the ancestral wildcat genome and build a resource for future disease mapping and phylogenomic studies across all members of the Felidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Montague
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Barbara Gandolfi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201
| | - Razib Khan
- Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Bronwen L Aken
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Patrick Minx
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108
| | - LaDeana W Hillier
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108
| | - Daniel C Koboldt
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108
| | - Brian W Davis
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Carlos A Driscoll
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20886
| | - Christina S Barr
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20886
| | - Kevin Blackistone
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20886
| | - Javier Quilez
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belen Lorente-Galdos
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomas Marques-Bonet
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Analisis Genomico 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Can Alkan
- Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Gregg W C Thomas
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Matthew W Hahn
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | | | - Stephen J O'Brien
- Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199178, Russia; and Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314
| | - Richard K Wilson
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108
| | - Leslie A Lyons
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201;
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843;
| | - Wesley C Warren
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108;
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25
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Genovese DW, Johnson TL, Lamb KE, Gram WD. Histological and dermatoscopic description of sphynx cat skin. Vet Dermatol 2014; 25:523-9, e89-90. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David W. Genovese
- Animal Allergy and Dermatology; 1124 Lynnhaven Parkway Virginia Beach VA 23452 USA
| | - Tammy L. Johnson
- IDEXX Laboratories, Inc.; One IDEXX Drive; Westbrook ME 04092 USA
| | - Ken E. Lamb
- Lamb Consulting; 404 Thompson Avenue West West Saint Paul MN 55118 USA
| | - Wallace D. Gram
- University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine; 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32608 USA
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David VA, Menotti-Raymond M, Wallace AC, Roelke M, Kehler J, Leighty R, Eizirik E, Hannah SS, Nelson G, Schäffer AA, Connelly CJ, O'Brien SJ, Ryugo DK. Endogenous retrovirus insertion in the KIT oncogene determines white and white spotting in domestic cats. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2014; 4:1881-91. [PMID: 25085922 PMCID: PMC4199695 DOI: 10.1534/g3.114.013425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The Dominant White locus (W) in the domestic cat demonstrates pleiotropic effects exhibiting complete penetrance for absence of coat pigmentation and incomplete penetrance for deafness and iris hypopigmentation. We performed linkage analysis using a pedigree segregating White to identify KIT (Chr. B1) as the feline W locus. Segregation and sequence analysis of the KIT gene in two pedigrees (P1 and P2) revealed the remarkable retrotransposition and evolution of a feline endogenous retrovirus (FERV1) as responsible for two distinct phenotypes of the W locus, Dominant White, and white spotting. A full-length (7125 bp) FERV1 element is associated with white spotting, whereas a FERV1 long terminal repeat (LTR) is associated with all Dominant White individuals. For purposes of statistical analysis, the alternatives of wild-type sequence, FERV1 element, and LTR-only define a triallelic marker. Taking into account pedigree relationships, deafness is genetically linked and associated with this marker; estimated P values for association are in the range of 0.007 to 0.10. The retrotransposition interrupts a DNAase I hypersensitive site in KIT intron 1 that is highly conserved across mammals and was previously demonstrated to regulate temporal and tissue-specific expression of KIT in murine hematopoietic and melanocytic cells. A large-population genetic survey of cats (n = 270), representing 30 cat breeds, supports our findings and demonstrates statistical significance of the FERV1 LTR and full-length element with Dominant White/blue iris (P < 0.0001) and white spotting (P < 0.0001), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A David
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Marilyn Menotti-Raymond
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Andrea Coots Wallace
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Melody Roelke
- Leidos Biomedical Research Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702 Labooratory Animal Sciences Program (LASP) Bethesda Leidos Biomedical Research, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2471
| | - James Kehler
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Robert Leighty
- Data Management Services, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Eduardo Eizirik
- Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90619-900, Brazil Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia, Sao Paulo 12945-010, Brazil
| | | | - George Nelson
- BSP-CCR Genetics Core, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Alejandro A Schäffer
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894
| | | | - Stephen J O'Brien
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702 Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - David K Ryugo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Center for Hearing Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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27
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Lyons LA, Grahn RA, Kun TJ, Netzel LR, Wictum EE, Halverson JL. Acceptance of domestic cat mitochondrial DNA in a criminal proceeding. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2014; 13:61-7. [PMID: 25086413 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Shed hair from domestic animals readily adheres to clothing and other contact items, providing a source of transfer evidence for criminal investigations. Mitochondrial DNA is often the only option for DNA analysis of shed hair. Human mitochondrial DNA analysis has been accepted in the US court system since 1996. The murder trial of the State of Missouri versus Henry L. Polk, Jr. represents the first legal proceeding where cat mitochondrial DNA analysis was introduced into evidence. The mitochondrial DNA evidence was initially considered inadmissible due to concerns about the cat dataset and the scientific acceptance of the marker. Those concerns were subsequently addressed, and the evidence was deemed admissible. This report reviews the case in regards to the cat biological evidence and its ultimate admission as generally accepted and reliable. Expansion and saturation analysis of the cat mitochondrial DNA control region dataset supported the initial interpretation of the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Lyons
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - Robert A Grahn
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Forensics Unit, Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Teri J Kun
- Forensics Unit, Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Linda R Netzel
- Kansas City Police Crime Laboratory, 6633 Troost Avenue, Kansas City, MO 64131, United States
| | - Elizabeth E Wictum
- Forensics Unit, Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Joy L Halverson
- Zoogen Services, 1046 Olive Drive Suite 1, Davis, CA 95616, United States
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28
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Morris KM, Kirby K, Beatty JA, Barrs VR, Cattley S, David V, O'Brien SJ, Menotti-Raymond M, Belov K. Development of MHC-Linked Microsatellite Markers in the Domestic Cat and Their Use to Evaluate MHC Diversity in Domestic Cats, Cheetahs, and Gir Lions. J Hered 2014; 105:493-505. [PMID: 24620003 PMCID: PMC4048552 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esu017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diversity within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) reflects the immunological fitness of a population. MHC-linked microsatellite markers provide a simple and an inexpensive method for studying MHC diversity in large-scale studies. We have developed 6 MHC-linked microsatellite markers in the domestic cat and used these, in conjunction with 5 neutral microsatellites, to assess MHC diversity in domestic mixed breed (n = 129) and purebred Burmese (n = 61) cat populations in Australia. The MHC of outbred Australian cats is polymorphic (average allelic richness = 8.52), whereas the Burmese population has significantly lower MHC diversity (average allelic richness = 6.81; P < 0.01). The MHC-linked microsatellites along with MHC cloning and sequencing demonstrated moderate MHC diversity in cheetahs (n = 13) and extremely low diversity in Gir lions (n = 13). Our MHC-linked microsatellite markers have potential future use in diversity and disease studies in other populations and breeds of cats as well as in wild felid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M Morris
- From the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Morris, Kirby, Beatty, Barrs, and Belov); the ANGIS, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Cattley); the Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201 (David and Menotti-Raymond); the Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (O'Brien); and the Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314-7796 (O'Brien)
| | - Katherine Kirby
- From the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Morris, Kirby, Beatty, Barrs, and Belov); the ANGIS, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Cattley); the Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201 (David and Menotti-Raymond); the Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (O'Brien); and the Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314-7796 (O'Brien)
| | - Julia A Beatty
- From the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Morris, Kirby, Beatty, Barrs, and Belov); the ANGIS, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Cattley); the Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201 (David and Menotti-Raymond); the Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (O'Brien); and the Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314-7796 (O'Brien)
| | - Vanessa R Barrs
- From the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Morris, Kirby, Beatty, Barrs, and Belov); the ANGIS, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Cattley); the Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201 (David and Menotti-Raymond); the Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (O'Brien); and the Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314-7796 (O'Brien)
| | - Sonia Cattley
- From the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Morris, Kirby, Beatty, Barrs, and Belov); the ANGIS, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Cattley); the Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201 (David and Menotti-Raymond); the Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (O'Brien); and the Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314-7796 (O'Brien)
| | - Victor David
- From the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Morris, Kirby, Beatty, Barrs, and Belov); the ANGIS, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Cattley); the Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201 (David and Menotti-Raymond); the Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (O'Brien); and the Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314-7796 (O'Brien)
| | - Stephen J O'Brien
- From the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Morris, Kirby, Beatty, Barrs, and Belov); the ANGIS, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Cattley); the Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201 (David and Menotti-Raymond); the Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (O'Brien); and the Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314-7796 (O'Brien)
| | - Marilyn Menotti-Raymond
- From the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Morris, Kirby, Beatty, Barrs, and Belov); the ANGIS, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Cattley); the Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201 (David and Menotti-Raymond); the Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (O'Brien); and the Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314-7796 (O'Brien)
| | - Katherine Belov
- From the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Morris, Kirby, Beatty, Barrs, and Belov); the ANGIS, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Cattley); the Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201 (David and Menotti-Raymond); the Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (O'Brien); and the Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314-7796 (O'Brien).
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29
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Iyengar A, Hadi S. Use of non-human DNA analysis in forensic science: a mini review. MEDICINE, SCIENCE, AND THE LAW 2014; 54:41-50. [PMID: 23929675 DOI: 10.1177/0025802413487522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of non-human DNA in forensic science, first reported about two decades ago, is now commonplace. Results have been used as evidence in court in a variety of cases ranging from abduction and murder to patent infringement and dog attack. DNA from diverse species, including commonly encountered pets such as dogs and cats, to plants, viruses and bacteria has been used and the sheer potential offered by such analyses has been proven. In this review, using case examples throughout, we detail the considerable literature in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arati Iyengar
- School of Forensic & Investigative Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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Validation of two canine STR multiplex-assays following the ISFG recommendations for non-human DNA analysis. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2013; 8:90-100. [PMID: 24315595 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To gain general acceptance forensic DNA testing in animals needs to improve standardization of analysis methods and data interpretation. Recently, the International Society of Forensic Genetics (ISFG) took particular care of this topic by publishing recommendations for forensic non-human DNA analysis following the successful example of human DNA analysis in order to provide a basis for harmonization of the still existing inter-laboratory variability. By following these recommendations we demonstrate the performance of two short tandem repeat (STR) multiplexes for forensic identity testing of canine biological material. Thirteen STRs and two sex-specific markers were selected and validated according to the ISFG guidelines. Population genetic parameters were calculated based on 295 dog samples collected in Austria (124) and Germany (171). A repeat-based nomenclature of the mainly tetrameric STRs and corresponding allelic ladders are presented. All 146 different alleles included in the ladders were sequenced for correct allele calling. Additionally, a canine cell line (DH82-D3167) was evaluated as standard reference material.
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Holmes JC, Holmer SG, Ross P, Buntzman AS, Frelinger JA, Hess PR. Polymorphisms and tissue expression of the feline leukocyte antigen class I loci FLAI-E, FLAI-H, and FLAI-K. Immunogenetics 2013; 65:675-89. [PMID: 23812210 PMCID: PMC3777221 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-013-0711-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell immunosurveillance for intracellular pathogens, such as viruses, is controlled by classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ia molecules, and ideally, these antiviral T-cell populations are defined by the specific peptide and restricting MHC allele. Surprisingly, despite the utility of the cat in modeling human viral immunity, little is known about the feline leukocyte antigen class I complex (FLAI). Only a few coding sequences with uncertain locus origin and expression patterns have been reported. Of 19 class I genes, three loci--FLAI-E, FLAI-H, and FLAI-K--are predicted to encode classical molecules, and our objective was to evaluate their status by analyzing polymorphisms and tissue expression. Using locus-specific, PCR-based genotyping, we amplified 33 FLAI-E, FLAI-H, and FLAI-K alleles from 12 cats of various breeds, identifying, for the first time, alleles across three distinct loci in a feline species. Alleles shared the expected polymorphic and invariant sites in the α1/α2 domains, and full-length cDNA clones possessed all characteristic class Ia exons. Alleles could be assigned to a specific locus with reasonable confidence, although there was evidence of potentially confounding interlocus recombination between FLAI-E and FLAI-K. Only FLAI-E, FLAI-H, and FLAI-K origin alleles were amplified from cDNAs of multiple tissue types. We also defined hypervariable regions across these genes, which permitted the assignment of names to both novel and established alleles. As predicted, FLAI-E, FLAI-H, and FLAI-K fulfill the major criteria of class Ia genes. These data represent a necessary prerequisite for studying epitope-specific antiviral CD8+ T-cell responses in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C. Holmes
- Immunology Program, and Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Savannah G. Holmer
- Immunology Program, and Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Peter Ross
- Immunology Program, and Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Adam S. Buntzman
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A. Frelinger
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Paul R. Hess
- Immunology Program, and Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
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Leroy G, Vernet E, Pautet MB, Rognon X. An insight into population structure and gene flow within pure-bred cats. J Anim Breed Genet 2013; 131:53-60. [PMID: 25099789 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of genetic structure on the basis of pedigree information requires indicators adapted to the specific context of the populations studied. On the basis of pedigree-based estimates of diversity, we analysed genetic diversity, mating practices and gene flow among eight cat populations raised in France, five of them being single breeds and three consisting of breed groups with varieties that may interbreed. When computed on the basis of coancestry rate, effective population sizes ranged from 127 to 1406, while the contribution of founders from other breeds ranged from 0.7 to 16.4%. In the five breeds, FIS ranged between 0.96 and 1.83%, with this result being related to mating practices such as close inbreeding (on average 5% of individuals being inbred within two generations). Within the three groups of varieties studied, FIT ranged from 1.59 to 3%, while FST¯ values were estimated between 0.04 and 0.91%, which was linked to various amounts of gene exchanges between subpopulations at the parental level. The results indicate that cat breeds constitute populations submitted to low selection intensity, contrasting with relatively high individual inbreeding level caused by close inbreeding practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Leroy
- UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, AgroParisTech, Paris, France; UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Alhaddad H, Khan R, Grahn RA, Gandolfi B, Mullikin JC, Cole SA, Gruffydd-Jones TJ, Häggström J, Lohi H, Longeri M, Lyons LA. Extent of linkage disequilibrium in the domestic cat, Felis silvestris catus, and its breeds. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53537. [PMID: 23308248 PMCID: PMC3538540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Domestic cats have a unique breeding history and can be used as models for human hereditary and infectious diseases. In the current era of genome-wide association studies, insights regarding linkage disequilibrium (LD) are essential for efficient association studies. The objective of this study is to investigate the extent of LD in the domestic cat, Felis silvestris catus, particularly within its breeds. A custom illumina GoldenGate Assay consisting of 1536 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) equally divided over ten 1 Mb chromosomal regions was developed, and genotyped across 18 globally recognized cat breeds and two distinct random bred populations. The pair-wise LD descriptive measure (r2) was calculated between the SNPs in each region and within each population independently. LD decay was estimated by determining the non-linear least-squares of all pair-wise estimates as a function of distance using established models. The point of 50% decay of r2 was used to compare the extent of LD between breeds. The longest extent of LD was observed in the Burmese breed, where the distance at which r2 ≈ 0.25 was ∼380 kb, comparable to several horse and dog breeds. The shortest extent of LD was found in the Siberian breed, with an r2 ≈ 0.25 at approximately 17 kb, comparable to random bred cats and human populations. A comprehensive haplotype analysis was also conducted. The haplotype structure of each region within each breed mirrored the LD estimates. The LD of cat breeds largely reflects the breeds’ population history and breeding strategies. Understanding LD in diverse populations will contribute to an efficient use of the newly developed SNP array for the cat in the design of genome-wide association studies, as well as to the interpretation of results for the fine mapping of disease and phenotypic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Alhaddad
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Razib Khan
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Grahn
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Barbara Gandolfi
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - James C. Mullikin
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shelley A. Cole
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Gruffydd-Jones
- The Feline Centre, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jens Häggström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Research Programs Unit, Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, and The Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Longeri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Leslie A. Lyons
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Courcier EA, Mellor DJ, Pendlebury E, Evans C, Yam PS. An investigation into the epidemiology of feline obesity in Great Britain: results of a cross-sectional study of 47 companion animal practises. Vet Rec 2012; 171:560. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.100953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - P. S. Yam
- University of Glasgow; Glasgow G61 1QH
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Kurushima JD, Lipinski MJ, Gandolfi B, Froenicke L, Grahn JC, Grahn RA, Lyons LA. Variation of cats under domestication: genetic assignment of domestic cats to breeds and worldwide random-bred populations. Anim Genet 2012; 44:311-24. [PMID: 23171373 DOI: 10.1111/age.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Both cat breeders and the lay public have interests in the origins of their pets, not only in the genetic identity of the purebred individuals, but also in the historical origins of common household cats. The cat fancy is a relatively new institution with over 85% of its 40-50 breeds arising only in the past 75 years, primarily through selection on single-gene aesthetic traits. The short, yet intense cat breed history poses a significant challenge to the development of a genetic marker-based breed identification strategy. Using different breed assignment strategies and methods, 477 cats representing 29 fancy breeds were analysed with 38 short tandem repeats, 148 intergenic and five phenotypic single nucleotide polymorphisms. Results suggest the frequentist method of Paetkau (single nucleotide polymorphisms = 0.78, short tandem repeats = 0.88) surpasses the Bayesian method of Rannala and Mountain (single nucleotide polymorphisms = 0.56, short tandem repeats = 0.83) for accurate assignment of individuals to the correct breed. Additionally, a post-assignment verification step with the five phenotypic single nucleotide polymorphisms accurately identified between 0.31 and 0.58 of the misassigned individuals raising the sensitivity of assignment with the frequentist method to 0.89 and 0.92 for single nucleotide polymorphisms and short tandem repeats respectively. This study provides a novel multistep assignment strategy and suggests that, despite their short breed history and breed family groupings, a majority of cats can be assigned to their proper breed or population of origin, that is, race.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Kurushima
- Department of Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Chetboul V, Petit A, Gouni V, Trehiou-Sechi E, Misbach C, Balouka D, Carlos Sampedrano C, Pouchelon JL, Tissier R, Abitbol M. Prospective echocardiographic and tissue Doppler screening of a large Sphynx cat population: reference ranges, heart disease prevalence and genetic aspects. J Vet Cardiol 2012; 14:497-509. [PMID: 23131204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To investigate heart morphology and function using echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), (2) to determine heart disease prevalence and characteristics, and (3) to assess potential genetic features in a population of Sphynx cats presented for cardiovascular screening. ANIMALS A total of 147 echocardiographic examinations, including 33 follow-ups, were performed by trained observers on 114 Sphynx cats of different ages (2.62 ± 1.93 years [0.5-10.0]) from 2004 to 2011. METHODS Sphynx cats underwent a physical examination, conventional echocardiography, and, if possible, two-dimensional color TDI. RESULTS Conventional echocardiographic findings included 75/114 normal (65.8%) and 39/114 (34.2%) abnormal examinations with a diagnosis of either congenital heart diseases (n = 16) or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM, n = 23). In adult healthy cats, a significant body weight effect was observed for several echocardiographic variables, including end-diastolic left ventricular (LV) free wall (P < 0.01), interventricular septum (P < 0.001), and LV diameter (P < 0.001). Mitral valve dysplasia (MVD) was observed as a single or associated defect in 15/16 cats with congenital heart diseases. A significant increase in HCM prevalence (P < 0.001) was observed according to age. The pedigree analysis of a large family (n = 81) suggested an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with incomplete penetrance for HCM. CONCLUSIONS Body weight should be taken into account when interpreting values of diastolic myocardial wall thicknesses in Sphynx cats. Additionally, HCM and MVD are two relatively common heart diseases in this feline breed. More pedigree data are required to confirm the inheritance pattern of HCM at the breed level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Chetboul
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité de Cardiologie d'Alfort (UCA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire d'Alfort (CHUVA), 7 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort cedex, France.
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37
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Kijas JW, Miller JE, Hadfield T, McCulloch R, Garcia-Gamez E, Porto Neto LR, Cockett N. Tracking the emergence of a new breed using 49,034 SNP in sheep. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41508. [PMID: 22848516 PMCID: PMC3407242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestic animals are unique in that they have been organised into managed populations called breeds. The strength of genetic divergence between breeds may vary dependent on the age of the breed, the scenario under which it emerged and the strength of reproductive isolation it has from other breeds. In this study, we investigated the Gulf Coast Native breed of sheep to determine if it contains lines of animals that are sufficiently divergent to be considered separate breeds. Allele sharing and principal component analysis (PCA) using nearly 50,000 SNP loci revealed a clear genetic division that corresponded with membership of either the Florida or Louisiana Native lines. Subsequent analysis aimed to determine if the strength of the divergence exceeded that found between recognised breed pairs. Genotypes from 14 breeds sampled from Europe and Asia were used to obtain estimates of pair-wise population divergence measured as F(ST). The divergence separating the Florida and Louisiana Native (F(ST) = 6.2%) was approximately 50% higher than the average divergence separating breeds developed within the same region of Europe (F(ST) = 4.2%). This strongly indicated that the two Gulf Coast Native lines are sufficiently different to be considered separate breeds. PCA using small SNP sets successfully distinguished between the Florida and Louisiana Native animals, suggesting that allele frequency differences have accumulated across the genome. This is consistent with a population history involving geographic separation and genetic drift. Suggestive evidence was detected for divergence at the poll locus on sheep chromosome 10; however drift at neutral markers has been the largest contributor to the genetic separation observed. These results document the emergence of populations that can be considered separate breeds, with practical consequences for bio-conservation priorities, animal registration and the establishment of separate breed societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Kijas
- Division of Livestock Industries, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Filler S, Alhaddad H, Gandolfi B, Kurushima JD, Cortes A, Veit C, Lyons LA, Brem G. Selkirk Rex: morphological and genetic characterization of a new cat breed. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 103:727-33. [PMID: 22837475 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/ess039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Rexoid, curly hair mutations have been selected to develop new domestic cat breeds. The Selkirk Rex is the most recently established curly-coated cat breed originating from a spontaneous mutation that was discovered in the United States in 1987. Unlike the earlier and well-established Cornish and Devon Rex breeds with curly-coat mutations, the Selkirk Rex mutation is suggested as autosomal dominant and has a different curl phenotype. This study provides a genetic analysis of the Selkirk Rex breed. An informal segregation analysis of genetically proven matings supported an autosomal, incomplete dominant expression of the curly trait in the Selkirk Rex. Homozygous curl cats can be distinguished from heterozygous cats by head and body type, as well as the presentation of the hair curl. Bayesian clustering of short tandem repeat (STR) genotypes from 31 cats that represent the future breeding stock supported the close relationship of the Selkirk Rex to the British Shorthair, Scottish Fold, Persian, and Exotic Shorthair, suggesting the Selkirk as part of the Persian breed family. The high heterozygosity of 0.630 and the low mean inbreeding coefficient of 0.057 suggest that Selkirk Rex has a diverse genetic foundation. A new locus for Selkirk autosomal dominant Rex, SADRE, is suggested for the curly trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serina Filler
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna, Austria
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Colombo S, Scarampella F, Ordeix L, Roccabianca P. Dermatophytosis and papular eosinophilic/mastocytic dermatitis (urticaria pigmentosa-like dermatitis) in three Devon Rex cats. J Feline Med Surg 2012; 14:498-502. [PMID: 22736683 PMCID: PMC10822382 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x12440761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
UNLABELLED PRESENTING SIGNS: Three Devon Rex cats were presented with multiple erythematous papules, occasionally associated with crusting and hyperpigmentation, with a linear distribution on the head, neck, chest and abdomen. One cat also had multifocal alopecia with hyperpigmentation on the dorsum. DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Clinical and histopathological features were suggestive of papular eosinophilic/mastocytic dermatitis (urticaria pigmentosa-like dermatitis). In all cases, dermatophytosis was diagnosed: in cases 1 and 2 there was histopathological evidence of dermatophytosis, while fungal culture was positive for Microsporum canis in cases 2 and 3. In all cats, lesions disappeared following antifungal treatment. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Papular eosinophilic/mastocytic dermatitis in Devon Rex cats may represent either an atypical presentation of dermatophytosis or a clinical and histological reaction pattern to various diseases, including dermatophytosis and allergic diseases. Clinical differentiation is crucial as there are important implications regarding treatment and, in particular, the use of glucocorticoids, which are contraindicated in cases of dermatophytosis.
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40
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Menotti-Raymond M, David VA, Weir BS, O'Brien SJ. A population genetic database of cat breeds developed in coordination with a domestic cat STR multiplex. J Forensic Sci 2012; 57:596-601. [PMID: 22268511 DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.02040.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
A simple tandem repeat (STR) PCR-based typing system developed for the genetic individualization of domestic cat samples has been used to generate a population genetic database of domestic cat breeds. A panel of 10 tetranucleotide STR loci and a gender-identifying sequence tagged site (STS) were co-amplified in genomic DNA of 1043 individuals representing 38 cat breeds. The STR panel exhibits relatively high heterozygosity in cat breeds, with an average 10-locus heterozygosity of 0.71, which represents an average of 38 breed-specific heterozygosities for the 10-member panel. When the entire set of breed individuals was analyzed as a single population, a heterozygosity of 0.87 was observed. Heterozygosities obtained for the 10 loci range from 0.72 to 0.96. The power for genetic individualization of domestic cat samples of the multiplex is high, with a probability of match (p(m)) of 6.2E-14, using a conservative θ = 0.05.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Menotti-Raymond
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Building 560, Room 11-38, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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41
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Troyer JL, Brown MA. Feline models of viral pathogenesis: Opportunity knocks. Vet J 2011; 188:252-3. [PMID: 20716490 PMCID: PMC2988874 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Musters J, de Gier J, Kooistra H, Okkens A. Questionnaire-based survey of parturition in the queen. Theriogenology 2011; 75:1596-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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43
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Smýkal P, Bačová-Kerteszová N, Kalendar R, Corander J, Schulman AH, Pavelek M. Genetic diversity of cultivated flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) germplasm assessed by retrotransposon-based markers. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2011; 122:1385-97. [PMID: 21293839 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-011-1539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Retrotransposon segments were characterized and inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) markers developed for cultivated flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and the Linum genus. Over 75 distinct long terminal repeat retrotransposon segments were cloned, the first set for Linum, and specific primers designed for them. IRAP was then used to evaluate genetic diversity among 708 accessions of cultivated flax comprising 143 landraces, 387 varieties, and 178 breeding lines. These included both traditional and modern, oil (86), fiber (351), and combined-use (271) accessions, originating from 36 countries, and 10 wild Linum species. The set of 10 most polymorphic primers yielded 141 reproducible informative data points per accession, with 52% polymorphism and a 0.34 Shannon diversity index. The maximal genetic diversity was detected among wild Linum species (100% IRAP polymorphism and 0.57 Jaccard similarity), while diversity within cultivated germplasm decreased from landraces (58%, 0.63) to breeding lines (48%, 0.85) and cultivars (50%, 0.81). Application of Bayesian methods for clustering resulted in the robust identification of 20 clusters of accessions, which were unstratified according to origin or user type. This indicates an overlap in genetic diversity despite disruptive selection for fiber versus oil types. Nevertheless, eight clusters contained high proportions (70-100%) of commercial cultivars, whereas two clusters were rich (60%) in landraces. These findings provide a basis for better flax germplasm management, core collection establishment, and exploration of diversity in breeding, as well as for exploration of the role of retrotransposons in flax genome dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Smýkal
- Plant Biotechnology Department, Agritec Plant Research Ltd, Šumperk, Czech Republic.
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44
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Volk AV, Belyavin CE, Varjonen K, Cadiergues MC, Stevens KB, Bond R. Malassezia pachydermatis and M nana predominate amongst the cutaneous mycobiota of Sphynx cats. J Feline Med Surg 2010; 12:917-22. [PMID: 20863732 PMCID: PMC11135549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Carriage of Malassezia species yeasts in healthy Sphynx cats was compared with that in Devon Rex cats (DRC), Cornish Rex cats (CRC) and domestic shorthair (DSH) cats. Swab samples from the external ear, anus and claw folds, and contact plate samples from the axillae and groins, were incubated on modified Dixon's agar at 32°C for 7 days. Malassezia species were isolated from all 18 Sphynx cats; M pachydermatis accounted for 118/140 isolates. Of 20 isolates of M nana, 16 were recovered from the ear canal. M slooffiae was isolated from the claw fold of one cat and the left groin of another. The high counts of M pachydermatis obtained from the axillae, groins and claw folds of the Sphynx cats exceeded those of healthy DSH, CRC and DRC; axillary populations were comparable to those of seborrhoeic DRC. These data support recent reports of high Malassezia species colonisation in Sphynx cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea V. Volk
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Clare E. Belyavin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Katarina Varjonen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Marie-Christine Cadiergues
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Kim B. Stevens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Ross Bond
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK
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45
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Reynolds B, Concordet D, Germain C, Daste T, Boudet K, Lefebvre H. Breed Dependency of Reference Intervals for Plasma Biochemical Values in Cats. J Vet Intern Med 2010; 24:809-18. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0541.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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46
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An empirical assessment of individual-based population genetic statistical techniques: application to British pig breeds. Heredity (Edinb) 2010; 106:261-9. [PMID: 20551978 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2010.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently developed Bayesian genotypic clustering methods for analysing genetic data offer a powerful tool to evaluate the genetic structure of domestic farm animal breeds. The unit of study with these approaches is the individual instead of the population. We aimed to empirically evaluate various individual-based population genetic statistical methods for characterization of genetic diversity and structure of livestock breeds. Eighteen British pig populations, comprising 819 individuals, were genotyped at 46 microsatellite markers. Three Bayesian genotypic clustering approaches, principle component analysis (PCA) and phylogenetic reconstruction were applied to individual multilocus genotypes to infer the genetic structure and diversity of the British pig breeds. Comparisons of the three Bayesian genotypic clustering methods (STRUCTURE, BAPS and STRUCTURAMA) revealed some broad similarities but also some notable differences. Overall, the methods agreed that majority of the British pig breeds are independent genetic units with little evidence of admixture. The three Bayesian genotypic clustering methods provided complementary, biologically credible clustering solutions but at different levels of resolution. BAPS detected finer genetic differentiation and in some cases, populations within breeds. Consequently, it estimated a greater number of underlying genetic populations (K, in the notation of Bayesian clustering methods). Two of the Bayesian methods (STRUCTURE and BAPS) and phylogenetic reconstruction provided similar success in assignment of individuals, supporting the use of these methods for breed assignment.
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Drake AG, Klingenberg CP. Large‐Scale Diversification of Skull Shape in Domestic Dogs: Disparity and Modularity. Am Nat 2010; 175:289-301. [PMID: 20095825 DOI: 10.1086/650372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abby Grace Drake
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Abstract
To clarify the behavioral profiles of 9 feline purebreds, 2 Persian subbreeds and the Japanese domestic cat, a questionnaire survey was distributed to 67 small-animal veterinarians. We found significant differences among breeds in all behavioral traits examined except for "inappropriate elimination". In addition, sexual differences were observed in certain behaviors, including "aggression toward cats", "general activity", "novelty-seeking", and "excitability". These behaviors were more common in males than females, whereas "nervousness" and "inappropriate elimination" were rated higher in females. When all breeds were categorized into four groups on the basis of a cluster analysis using the scores of two behavioral trait factors called "aggressiveness/sensitivity" and "vivaciousness", the group including Abyssinian, Russian Blue, Somali, Siamese, and Chinchilla breeds showed high aggressiveness/sensitivity and low vivaciousness. In contrast, the group including the American Shorthair and Japanese domestic cat displayed low aggressiveness/sensitivity and high vivaciousness, and the Himalayan and Persian group showed mild aggressiveness/sensitivity and very low vivaciousness. Finally, the group containing Maine Coon, Ragdoll, and Scottish Fold breeds displayed very low aggressiveness/sensitivity and low vivaciousness. The present results demonstrate that some feline behavioral traits vary by breed and/or sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Ethology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Widespread retinal degenerative disease mutation (rdAc) discovered among a large number of popular cat breeds. Vet J 2009; 186:32-8. [PMID: 19747862 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Revised: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The recent discovery of a mutational variant in the CEP290 gene (CEP290: IVS50+9T>G), conferring recessive retinal degeneration in Abyssinian and Somali (long-haired Abyssinian) cats (rdAc) prompted a survey among 41 cat breeds (846 individuals) to assess the incidence, frequency and clinical consequence of rdAc. The rdAc allele displayed widespread distribution, observed in 16/43 (37%) breeds, exhibiting a high allele frequency (∼33%) in North American and European Siamese populations. Clinical evaluations demonstrated high concordance between rdAc pathology and the CEP290 (IVS50+9T>G) homozygous genotype (P=1.1E-6), with clinical disease similar to affected Abyssinians/Somalis. This retinal degeneration has not been reported in breeds other than the Abyssinian/Somali and poses a significant health risk particularly in the Siamese breed group. Alertness of the veterinary community and the present availability of commercial diagnostic testing could synergistically enable breeders to reduce the incidence of rdAc blindness in pure-bred cat populations.
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Kukekova AV, Goldstein O, Johnson JL, Richardson MA, Pearce-Kelling SE, Swaroop A, Friedman JS, Aguirre GD, Acland GM. Canine RD3 mutation establishes rod-cone dysplasia type 2 (rcd2) as ortholog of human and murine rd3. Mamm Genome 2009; 20:109-23. [PMID: 19130129 PMCID: PMC2652121 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-008-9163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Rod-cone dysplasia type 2 (rcd2) is an autosomal recessive disorder that segregates in collie dogs. Linkage disequilibrium and meiotic linkage mapping were combined to take advantage of population structure within this breed and to fine map rcd2 to a 230-kb candidate region that included the gene C1orf36 responsible for human and murine rd3, and within which all affected dogs were homozygous for one haplotype. In one of three identified canine retinal RD3 splice variants, an insertion was found that cosegregates with rcd2 and is predicted to alter the last 61 codons of the normal open reading frame and further extend the open reading frame. Thus, combined meiotic linkage and LD mapping within a single canine breed can yield critical reduction of the disease interval when appropriate advantage is taken of within-breed population structure. This should permit a similar approach to tackle other hereditary traits that segregate in single closed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V. Kukekova
- James A. Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853
| | - Orly Goldstein
- James A. Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853
| | - Jennifer L. Johnson
- James A. Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853
| | - Malcolm A. Richardson
- James A. Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, 03766
| | - Susan E. Pearce-Kelling
- James A. Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853
| | - Anand Swaroop
- W. K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48105
- National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - James S. Friedman
- National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Gustavo D. Aguirre
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Gregory M. Acland
- James A. Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853
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