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Palli SR. RNAi turns 25:contributions and challenges in insect science. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 3:1209478. [PMID: 38469536 PMCID: PMC10926446 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1209478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1998, RNA interference (RNAi), a Nobel prize-winning technology, made significant contributions to advances in biology because of its ability to mediate the knockdown of specific target genes. RNAi applications in medicine and agriculture have been explored with mixed success. The past 25 years of research on RNAi resulted in advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of its action, target specificity, and differential efficiency among animals and plants. RNAi played a major role in advances in insect biology. Did RNAi technology fully meet insect pest and disease vector management expectations? This review will discuss recent advances in the mechanisms of RNAi and its contributions to insect science. The remaining challenges, including delivery to the target site, differential efficiency, potential resistance development and possible solutions for the widespread use of this technology in insect management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subba Reddy Palli
- Department of Entomology, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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2
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Rout P, Ravindranath N, Gaikwad D, Nanda S. Unveiling Nilaparvata lugens Stål Genes Defining Compatible and Incompatible Interactions with Rice through Transcriptome Analysis and Gene Silencing. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6790-6803. [PMID: 37623248 PMCID: PMC10453277 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål, BPH) is a major pest of rice (Oryza sativa L.), causing severe crop loss. Multiple biotypes and emerging populations of BPH pose a bigger challenge for the infestations control. Although several studies have been conducted to understand the molecular mechanisms of rice-BPH interactions, there are few studies dedicated to the Indian sub-continent BPH biotype (biotype 4). Here, we analyzed the transcriptomic, physiological, and gene-silencing responses of the BPH biotype 4 during the compatible (fed on susceptible Taichung Native 1, TN1 rice) and incompatible (fed on resistant PTB33 rice) rice-BPH interactions. In the incompatible interaction, a significant reduction in the honeydew production and negative weight gain were observed in the BPH. Similarly, the trehalose and glucose contents were found to be significantly high and low, respectively, during the incompatible rice-BPH interaction. The comparative BPH transcriptome analysis identified 1875 differentially expressive genes (DEGs) between the compatible and incompatible interactions from which many were annotated to be involved in vital BPH physiological processes, including cuticle development, sugar metabolism, detoxification, molting, and xenobiotics metabolism. The RNA interference-mediated independent silencing of three selected genes, including NlCP1, NlCYP320a1, and NlTret1, revealed that these genes are important for BPH physiology and survival. Moreover, the results of this study provide valuable insights into the rice-BPH interactions involving the BPH biotype 4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Satyabrata Nanda
- MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi 761211, Odisha, India; (P.R.); (N.R.); (D.G.)
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3
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Tang XT, Levy J, Tamborindeguy C. Potato psyllids mount distinct gut responses against two different 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' haplotypes. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287396. [PMID: 37327235 PMCID: PMC10275445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' (Lso) is a bacterial pathogen infecting several crops and causing damaging diseases. Several Lso haplotypes have been identified. Among the seven haplotypes present in North America, LsoA and LsoB are transmitted by the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc), in a circulative and persistent manner. The gut, which is the first organ pathogen encounters, could be a barrier for Lso transmission. However, the molecular interactions between Lso and the psyllid vector at the gut interface remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the global transcriptional responses of the adult psyllid gut upon infection with two Lso haplotypes (LsoA and LsoB) using Illumina sequencing. The results showed that each haplotype triggers a unique transcriptional response, with most of the distinct genes elicited by the highly virulent LsoB. The differentially expressed genes were mainly associated with digestion and metabolism, stress response, immunity, detoxification as well as cell proliferation and epithelium renewal. Importantly, distinct immune pathways were triggered by LsoA and LsoB in the gut of the potato psyllid. The information in this study will provide an understanding of the molecular basis of the interactions between the potato psyllid gut and Lso, which may lead to the discovery of novel molecular targets for the control of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tian Tang
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Julien Levy
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cecilia Tamborindeguy
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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4
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Chang G, Xue H, Ji J, Wang L, Zhu X, Zhang K, Li D, Gao X, Niu L, Gao M, Luo J, Cui J. Risk assessment of predatory lady beetle Propylea japonica's multi-generational exposure to three non-insecticidal agrochemicals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 886:163931. [PMID: 37156379 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of non-insecticidal agrochemicals on pest natural predators remain largely unexplored except bees and silkworm. The herbicide quizalofop-p-ethyl (QpE), fungicide thiophanate-methyl (TM), and plant growth regulator mepiquat chloride (MC) have been extensively applied as non-insecticidal agrochemicals. Here, we systematically evaluated multiple effects of these 3 non-insecticidal agrochemicals on three generations of Propylea japonica, an important agroforestry predatory beetle, including the effects on its development, reproduction, enterobacteria, and transcriptomic response. The results showed that QpE exhibited a hormetic effect on P. japonica, thus significantly increasing the survival rate of generation 2 (F2) females, generation 3 (F3) females, and F3 males and body weight of F3 males. However, three successive generations exposed to TM and MC had no significant effect on longevity, body weight, survival rate, pre-oviposition period, and fecundity of P. japonica. Additionally, we investigated the effects of MC, TM, and QpE exposure on gene expression and gut bacterial community of F3 P. japonica. Under MC, TM, and QpE exposure, the overwhelming genes of P. japonica (99.90 %, 99.45 %, and 99.7 %) remained unaffected, respectively. Under TM and MC exposure, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were not significantly enriched in any KEGG pathway, indicating TM and MC did not significantly affect functions of P. japonica, but under QpE exposure, the expression levels of drug metabolism-related genes were down-regulated. Although QpE treatment did not affect gut dominant bacterial community composition, it significantly increased relative abundances of detoxification metabolism-related bacteria such as Wolbachia, Pseudomonas and Burkholderia in P. japonica. However, TM and MC had no significant effect on the gut bacterial community composition and relative abundance in P. japonica. This study revealed for the first time the mechanism by which P. japonica might compensate for gene downregulation-induced detoxification metabolism decline through altering symbiotic bacteria under QpE exposure. Our findings provide reference for the rational application of non-insecticidal agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Chang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Xue
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jichao Ji
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
| | - Dongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
| | - Xueke Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
| | - Lin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
| | - Mengxue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
| | - Jinjie Cui
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China.
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5
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Reference genes selection for expression studies in Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera) under specific experimental conditions. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1221-1230. [PMID: 36436078 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maconellicoccus hirsutus is a destructive pest which causes severe losses of agricultural and horticultural crops. For the management of M. hirsutus, many insecticides have been used and it has been exposed to insufficient dosage or uneven spray coverage which resulted in the development of insecticide resistance. Xenobiotic metabolism can be better understood with the help of gene expression studies by unveiling the underlying molecular mechanisms. The qRT-PCR is the simplest method to analyse gene expression, however, it highly relies on suitable reference genes concerning the different experimental conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated the stability of five reference genes in two sets of experimental conditions viz. developmental stages (nymphs and adults) and agrochemical stress (GA3 and Buprofezin sprayed) against M. hirsutus, using different softwares-NormFinder, geNorm, BestKeeper, and RefFinder. The study revealed that ATP51a and GAPDH can be used as reference genes for gene expression studies when exposed to Gibberellic acid. Additionally, the study revealed that the ideal pair of reference genes for data validation in M. hirsutus treated with Buprofezin was GAPDH and β-tubulin. The ideal reference gene combination for various developmental stages was found to be 28S and Actin. CONCLUSION According to the study, GAPDH can be utilized as a reliable reference gene in the agrochemical (GA3 and Buprofezin) exposure set. The genes can be utilized as a suitable reference for qRT-PCR gene expression studies of xenobiotic metabolism to understand the underlying molecular mechanism, which will help further to design suitable management strategies.
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6
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Cai L, Liu X, Tian Z, Michaud JP, Shen Z, Li Z, Zhang S, Liu X. Safety of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ah and Vip3Aa toxins for the predatory stink bug Arma custos (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158120. [PMID: 35987246 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The widespread adoption of Bt crops expressing insecticidal proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis has created a need to assess the potential effects of these toxins on non-target organisms, especially species such as Arma custos, a generalist predator that provides important biological control services in many field crops in Asia. Direct dietary exposure of A. custos to Cry1Ah and Vip3Aa proteins produced no adverse effects on life history traits, despite continuous exposure throughout development and early adult life to concentrations significantly higher than the Bt protein concentration likely encountered by A.custos in the field, even when feeding directly on Bt plants. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed the presence of Bt proteins in A. custos midguts, but quantitative real-time PCR analysis of 12 genes associated with detoxification, antioxidative responses, immune responses, and metabolism revealed no significant changes in expression in adult bugs. Indirect exposure to these toxins via consumption of intoxicated prey, larvae of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), likewise produced no negative impacts on survival, development, adult weight, or female fecundity in either the F0 (exposed) or F1 (unexposed) generation, but female fresh weight was reduced in the F0 generation by the Cry1Ah (50 μg/g) treatment. Finally, a competitive binding assay with labelled protein and a ligand blotting assay both demonstrated that the Cry1Ah protein could not bind to receptors on the midgut brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) of A. custos adults. Therefore, we conclude that Cry1Ah and Vip3Aa proteins are unlikely to have significant negative effects on A. custos populations if employed as plant-incorporated protectants in field crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Cai
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tian
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - J P Michaud
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Agricultural Research Station-Hays, Hays, KS 67601, USA
| | - Zhongjian Shen
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Songdou Zhang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China.
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7
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Dhillon MK, Jaba J, Mishra P, Iquebal MA, Jaiswal S, Tanwar AK, Bharat N, Arora N, Mishra SP, Gogineni SP, Hasan F, Rai A, Kumar D, Sharma HC. Whole genome sequencing of spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus, reveals multiple genes encoding enzymes for detoxification of insecticides. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:611-624. [PMID: 35426546 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00852-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus, is the most important constraint for increasing the production and productivity of maize and sorghum, the two major coarse cereals in Asia and Africa. The levels of resistance to this pest in the cultivated germplasm are low to moderate, and hence, farmers have to use insecticides for effective control of this pest. However, there is no information on the detoxification mechanisms in C. partellus, which is one of the constraints for deployment of appropriate insecticides to control this pest. The ability to detoxify insecticides varies across insect populations, and hence, we sequenced different populations of C. partellus to identify and understand detoxification mechanisms to devise appropriate strategies for deployment of different insecticides for controlling this pest. Larval samples were sequenced from three different cohorts of C. partellus using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. The data were subjected to identify putative genes that are involved in detoxification on insecticides in our cohort insect species. These studies resulted in identification of 64 cytochrome P450 genes (CYP450s), and 36 glutathione S-transferases genes (GSTs) encoding metabolic detoxification enzymes, primarily responsible for xenobiotic metabolism in insects. A total of 183 circadian genes with > 80% homolog and 11 olfactory receptor genes that mediate chemical cues were found in the C. partellus genome. Also, target receptors related to insecticide action, 4 acetylcholinesterase (AChE), 14 γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and 15 nicotinic acetylcholine (nAChR) receptors were detected. This is the first report of whole genome sequencing of C. partellus useful for understanding mode of action of different insecticides, and mechanisms of detoxification and designing target-specific insecticides to develop appropriate strategies to control C. partellus for sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh K Dhillon
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Jagdish Jaba
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502324, Telangana, India
| | - Pallavi Mishra
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Mir Asif Iquebal
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sarika Jaiswal
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Aditya K Tanwar
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Nareshkumar Bharat
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502324, Telangana, India
| | - Naveen Arora
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502324, Telangana, India
| | - Suraj Prasad Mishra
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502324, Telangana, India
| | - Shyam Prasad Gogineni
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, Telangana, India
| | - Fazil Hasan
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Anil Rai
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India. .,Department of Biotechnology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India.
| | - Hari C Sharma
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502324, Telangana, India
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Zhang M, Ma Y, Luo J, Ji J, Gao X, Wu C, Zhu X, Wang L, Zhang K, Li D, Wang L, Niu L, Cui J. Transgenic insect-resistant Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac/1Ab does not harm the insect predator Geocoris pallidipennis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 230:113129. [PMID: 34979310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The large-scale commercial cultivation of genetically modified (GM) cotton has brought significant economic and environmental benefits. However, GM crops must undergo strict environmental monitoring and long-term observation. An important natural enemy insect in cotton fields, Geocoris pallidipennis, can ingest the Bt protein expressed in GM cotton by feeding on herbivorous insects that feed on the cotton. However, the potential risk of GM cotton to G. pallidipennis is still unclear. We here evaluated the effects of Bt cotton expressing the Cry1Ac/1Ab protein on nymphs and adults G. pallidipennis. Cry1Ac protein was detected in the midgut of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, after it ingested Bt cotton, and in the midgut of G. pallidipennis nymphs and adults preying on Bt-fed H. armigera. However, the survival rate, growth, development, and fecundity of G. pallidipennis were not adversely affected. Furthermore, G. pallidipennis cadherins, and those genes related to detoxification, antioxidant activity, nutrient utilization, and immune function were not differentially expressed in response to Cry1Ac exposure. Finally, we showed that Cry1Ac could not bind to brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) proteins in G. pallidipennis nymphs or adults. In summary, these results indicate that the potential negative effect of transgenic Cry1Ac/1Ab cotton on the insect redator G. pallidipennis is negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yamin Ma
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Jichao Ji
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xueke Gao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Changcai Wu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhu
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Dongyang Li
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Lisha Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Lin Niu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Jinjie Cui
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
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9
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Yang J, Kong XD, Zhu-Salzman K, Qin QM, Cai QN. The Key Glutathione S-Transferase Family Genes Involved in the Detoxification of Rice Gramine in Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. INSECTS 2021; 12:1055. [PMID: 34940143 PMCID: PMC8704333 DOI: 10.3390/insects12121055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical toxins are considered a defense measure for herbivore invasion. To adapt this defensive strategy, herbivores use glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) as an important detoxification enzyme to cope with toxic compounds, but the underlying molecular basis for GST genes in this process remains unclear. Here, we investigated the basis of how GST genes in brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)) participated in the detoxification of gramine by RNA interference. For BPH, the LC25 and LC50 concentrations of gramine were 7.11 and 14.99 μg/mL at 72 h after feeding, respectively. The transcriptions of seven of eight GST genes in BPH were induced by a low concentration of gramine, and GST activity was activated. Although interferences of seven genes reduced BPH tolerance to gramine, only the expression of NlGST1-1, NlGSTD2, and NlGSTE1 was positively correlated with GST activities, and silencing of these three genes inhibited GST activities in BPH. Our findings reveal that two new key genes, NlGSTD2 and NlGSTE1, play an essential role in the detoxification of gramine such as NlGST1-1 does in BPH, which not only provides the molecular evidence for the coevolution theory, but also provides new insight into the development of an environmentally friendly strategy for herbivore population management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (X.-D.K.)
| | - Xiang-Dong Kong
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (X.-D.K.)
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Monitoring and Green Control, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Keyan Zhu-Salzman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Qing-Ming Qin
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China;
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qing-Nian Cai
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (X.-D.K.)
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Monitoring and Green Control, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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10
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Bai S, Yao Z, Raza MF, Cai Z, Zhang H. Regulatory mechanisms of microbial homeostasis in insect gut. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:286-301. [PMID: 32888254 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Insects live in incredibly complex environments. The intestinal epithelium of insects is in constant contact with microorganisms, some of which are beneficial and some harmful to the host. Insect gut health and function are maintained through multidimensional mechanisms that can proficiently remove foreign pathogenic microorganisms while effectively maintaining local symbiotic microbial homeostasis. The basic immune mechanisms of the insect gut, such as the dual oxidase-reactive oxygen species (Duox-ROS) system and the immune deficiency (Imd)-signaling pathway, are involved in the maintenance of microbial homeostasis. This paper reviews the role of physical defenses, the Duox-ROS and Imd signaling pathways, the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling pathway, and intestinal symbiotic flora in the homeostatic maintenance of the insect gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), China-Australia Joint Research Centre for Horticultural and Urban Pests, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhichao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), China-Australia Joint Research Centre for Horticultural and Urban Pests, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Fahim Raza
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), China-Australia Joint Research Centre for Horticultural and Urban Pests, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaohui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), China-Australia Joint Research Centre for Horticultural and Urban Pests, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), China-Australia Joint Research Centre for Horticultural and Urban Pests, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Wang W, Yang RR, Peng LY, Zhang L, Yao YL, Bao YY. Proteolytic activity of the proteasome is required for female insect reproduction. Open Biol 2021; 11:200251. [PMID: 33622101 PMCID: PMC8061697 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-ATPase regulatory subunits (Rpns) are components of the 26S proteasome involved in polyubiquitinated substrate recognition and deubiquitination in eukaryotes. Here, we identified 15 homologues sequences of Rpn and associated genes by searching the genome and transcriptome databases of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, a hemipteran rice pest. Temporospatial analysis showed that NlRpn genes were significantly highly expressed in eggs and ovaries but were less-highly expressed in males. RNA interference-mediated depletion of NlRpn genes decreased the proteolytic activity of proteasome and impeded the transcription of lipase and vitellogenin genes in the fat bodies and ovaries in adult females, and reduced the triglyceride content in the ovaries. Decrease of the proteolytic activity of the proteasome via knockdown of NlRpns also inhibited the transcription of halloween genes, including NlCYP307A2, NlCYP306A2 and NlCYP314A1, in the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) biosynthetic pathway in the ovaries, reduced 20E production in adult females, and impaired ovarian development and oocyte maturation, resulting in reduced fecundity. These novel findings indicate that the proteolytic activity of the proteasome is required for female reproductive processes in N. lugens, thus furthering our understanding of the reproductive and developmental strategies in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Yao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Lin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.,School of Biological Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AB, UK
| | - Yan-Yuan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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12
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Xu Y, Li Y, Wang Q, Zheng C, Zhao D, Shi F, Liu X, Tao J, Zong S. Identification of key genes associated with overwintering in Anoplophora glabripennis larva using gene co-expression network analysis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:805-816. [PMID: 32909651 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a major quarantine pest in forestry. It is widely distributed throughout many regions such as Asia, Europe, and North America, and has enormous destructive potential for forests. The larvae of A. glabripennis overwinter in a dormant state with strong cold tolerance, and whether the larvae survive winter determines the population density in the following year. However, the molecular mechanisms of this process are not clear. RESULTS RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of A. glabripennis larvae at five overwintering stages identified 6876 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Among these, 46 functional genes that might respond to low temperature were identified. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed that the MEturquoise module was correlated with the overwintering process. The STPK, PP2A, DGAT, and HSF genes were identified as hub genes using visualization of gene network. In addition, four genes related to sugar transport, gluconeogenesis and glycosylation were screened, which may be involved in the metabolic regulation of overwintering larvae. The protein-protein interaction network indicated that ribosomal protein and ATP synthase may play an important role in connecting with other proteins. The expression levels of fifteen hub genes were further validated by quantitative RT-PCR, and the results were consistent with RNA-Seq. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates key genes that may reveal the molecular mechanism of overwintering in A. glabripennis larvae. The genes may be the potential targets to prevent larvae from surviving the cold winter by developing new biological agents using genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yurong Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunchun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongfang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengming Shi
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhai Liu
- Ulanqab Municipal Bureau of Parks, Ulanqab, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shixiang Zong
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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13
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Kliot A, Johnson RS, MacCoss MJ, Kontsedalov S, Lebedev G, Czosnek H, Heck M, Ghanim M. A proteomic approach reveals possible molecular mechanisms and roles for endosymbiotic bacteria in begomovirus transmission by whiteflies. Gigascience 2020; 9:giaa124. [PMID: 33185242 PMCID: PMC7662926 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giaa124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many plant viruses are vector-borne and depend on arthropods for transmission between host plants. Begomoviruses, the largest, most damaging and emerging group of plant viruses, infect hundreds of plant species, and new virus species of the group are discovered each year. Begomoviruses are transmitted by members of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci species complex in a persistent-circulative manner. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is one of the most devastating begomoviruses worldwide and causes major losses in tomato crops, as well as in many agriculturally important plant species. Different B. tabaci populations vary in their virus transmission abilities; however, the causes for these variations are attributed among others to genetic differences among vector populations, as well as to differences in the bacterial symbionts housed within B. tabaci. RESULTS Here, we performed discovery proteomic analyses in 9 whitefly populations from both Middle East Asia Minor I (MEAM1, formerly known as B biotype) and Mediterranean (MED, formerly known as Q biotype) species. We analysed our proteomic results on the basis of the different TYLCV transmission abilities of the various populations included in the study. The results provide the first comprehensive list of candidate insect and bacterial symbiont (mainly Rickettsia) proteins associated with virus transmission. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that the proteomic signatures of better vector populations differ considerably when compared with less efficient vector populations in the 2 whitefly species tested in this study. While MEAM1 efficient vector populations have a more lenient immune system, the Q efficient vector populations have higher abundance of proteins possibly implicated in virus passage through cells. Both species show a strong link of the facultative symbiont Rickettsia to virus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Kliot
- Department of Entomology, The Volcani Center, HaMacabim Rd., Rishon LeZion, 50250, Israel
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- Genomic Pipelines, Earlham Institute, Colney lane, Norwich, NR7 4UH, UK
| | - Richard S Johnson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Foege Building, 98195-5065 Seattle, USA
| | - Michael J MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Foege Building, 98195-5065 Seattle, USA
| | - Svetlana Kontsedalov
- Department of Entomology, The Volcani Center, HaMacabim Rd., Rishon LeZion, 50250, Israel
| | - Galina Lebedev
- Department of Entomology, The Volcani Center, HaMacabim Rd., Rishon LeZion, 50250, Israel
| | - Henryk Czosnek
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michelle Heck
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Murad Ghanim
- Department of Entomology, The Volcani Center, HaMacabim Rd., Rishon LeZion, 50250, Israel
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14
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Peng LY, Dai ZW, Yang RR, Zhu Z, Wang W, Zhou X, Bao YY. NADPH Oxidase 5 Is Essential for Molting and Oviposition in a Rice Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11090642. [PMID: 32962025 PMCID: PMC7564065 DOI: 10.3390/insects11090642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens is a typical monophagous insect herbivore that feeds exclusively on rice sap. This insect pest causes serious damage to rice crops throughout East Asian countries. Chemical control remains the first choice for managing N. lugens populations; however, the use of insecticides has given rise to planthopper resurgence and additional environmental risks. Nilaparvata lugens is a model insect of Hemiptera because its whole genome sequence has been elucidated and is susceptible to RNA interference. In this study, our findings revealed that a superoxide-generating gene, NADPH oxidase 5 (Nox5), is essential for molting and oviposition in a Hemipteran insect Nilaparvata lugens. Knockdown of Nox5 transcript levels by RNA interference in 2nd-5th-instar nymphs results in significantly lethal deficits in the molting transitions from nymph-nymph and nymph-adult. Nox5 knockdown leads to a reduction of hydrogen peroxide in female ovaries and failure of oviposition from the insect ovipositor into the rice leaf sheath. Here, we provide in vivo evidence demonstrating that Nox5 is a key enzyme for regulating molting and oviposition in this insect species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.-Y.P.); (Z.-W.D.); (R.-R.Y.); (Z.Z.); (W.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zhen-Wei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.-Y.P.); (Z.-W.D.); (R.-R.Y.); (Z.Z.); (W.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Rui-Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.-Y.P.); (Z.-W.D.); (R.-R.Y.); (Z.Z.); (W.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.-Y.P.); (Z.-W.D.); (R.-R.Y.); (Z.Z.); (W.W.); (X.Z.)
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.-Y.P.); (Z.-W.D.); (R.-R.Y.); (Z.Z.); (W.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.-Y.P.); (Z.-W.D.); (R.-R.Y.); (Z.Z.); (W.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yan-Yuan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.-Y.P.); (Z.-W.D.); (R.-R.Y.); (Z.Z.); (W.W.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-88982995; Fax: +86-571-88982991
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15
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Niu L, Liu F, Zhang S, Luo J, Zhang L, Ji J, Gao X, Ma W, Cui J. Transgenic insect-resistant Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac/CpTI does not affect the mirid bug Apolygus lucorum. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114762. [PMID: 32408077 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Common varieties of genetically modified (GM) cotton increasingly display insect-resistant properties via expression of bacterial-derived toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). This necessitates a deeper understanding of the possible effects of these crops on non-target insects. The mirid bug Apolygus lucorum is a major pest in cotton production in China, however, the effect of GM cotton on this non-target species is currently virtually unknown. This insect is exposed to these transgenic plants by consuming genetically modified (GM) leaves. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the toxicity of CCRI41 and CCRI45, (genetically modified cotton varieties which express the toxins Cry1Ac and CpTI (Cowpea Trypsin Inhibitor)) on nymphs and adults of A. lucorum. There was no detectable increase in mortality after A. lucorum fed on GM cotton leaves for 20 days. While we detected trace amounts of Cry1Ac proteins in both A. lucorum nymphs and adults (<10 ng/g fresh weight), the expression of genes related to detoxification did not detectably differ from those feeding on non-GM cotton. Our binding assays did not show Cry1Ac binding to receptors on the midgut brush border membrane from either A. lucorum nymphs or adults. Our findings collectively indicate that feeding on leaves of the GM cotton varieties CCRI41 and CCRI45 have few toxic effects on A. lucorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Niu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Jichao Ji
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Xueke Gao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jinjie Cui
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China.
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16
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Zhu J, Zhu K, Li L, Li Z, Qin W, Park Y, He Y. Proteomics of the Honeydew from the Brown Planthopper and Green Rice Leafhopper Reveal They Are Rich in Proteins from Insects, Rice Plant and Bacteria. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11090582. [PMID: 32882811 PMCID: PMC7564128 DOI: 10.3390/insects11090582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Honeydew is a watery fluid excreted by plant sap-feeding insects. It is a waste product for the insect hosts. However, it plays important roles for other organisms, such as serving as a nutritional source for beneficial insects and bacteria, as well as elicitors and effectors modulating plant responses. In this study, shotgun LC-MS/MS analyses were used to identify the proteins in the honeydew from two important rice hemipteran pests, the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH) and green rice leafhopper (Nephotettix cincticeps, GRH). A total of 277 and 210 proteins annotated to insect proteins were identified in the BPH and GRH honeydews, respectively. These included saliva proteins that may have similar functions as the saliva proteins, such as calcium-binding proteins and apolipophorin, involved in rice plant defenses. Additionally, a total of 52 and 32 Oryza proteins were identified in the BPH and GRH honeydews, respectively, some of which are involved in the plant immune system, such as Pathogen-Related Protein 10, ascorbate peroxidase, thioredoxin and glutaredoxin. Coincidently, 570 and 494 bacteria proteins were identified from the BPH and GRH honeydews, respectively, which included several well-known proteins involved in the plant immune system: elongation factor Tu, flagellin, GroEL and cold-shock proteins. The results of our study indicate that the insect honeydew is a complex fluid cocktail that contains abundant proteins from insects, plants and microbes, which may be involved in the multitrophic interactions of plants-insects-microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Zhu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (K.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (W.Q.)
| | - Kunmiao Zhu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (K.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (W.Q.)
| | - Liang Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (K.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (W.Q.)
| | - Zengxin Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (K.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (W.Q.)
| | - Weiwei Qin
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (K.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (W.Q.)
| | - Yoonseong Park
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Yueping He
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (K.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (W.Q.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13554408979
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17
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Zhao C, Wu L, Luo J, Niu L, Wang C, Zhu X, Wang L, Zhao P, Zhang S, Cui J. Bt, Not a Threat to Propylea japonica. Front Physiol 2020; 11:758. [PMID: 32903558 PMCID: PMC7438476 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the ever-increasing commercial planting of transgenic plants across the world, an evaluation of their impacts on non-target organisms is as an important part of the risk assessment process. Propylea japonica is a dominant non-target predator and pollen feeder insect that is prevalent in Bt cotton fields, and it is thus in direct contact with Bt proteins. However, the effect of Bt proteins on P. japonica has not received much attention. In this study, the effects of Cry1Ac and/or Cry2Ab proteins on P. japonica were investigated from three aspects. First, no significant differences in the diversity of the microbiota nor change in species composition and community structure were observed among Cry protein treatments. Firmicutes are the most abundant bacterial phylum present in P. japonica, followed by Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. The most abundant genus was Staphylococcus. Second, the expression levels of the detoxification and digestion-related genes did not change significantly in any Cry protein treatment. Third, none of the Cry proteins affected the population fitness of P. japonica. These results indicated that P. japonica was not sensitive to Bt proteins, suggesting that growing Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac and/or Cry2Ab will pose negligible risks to P. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Linke Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Lin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chuanpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinjie Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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18
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Yu HZ, Li NY, Zeng XD, Song JC, Yu XD, Su HN, Chen CX, Yi L, Lu ZJ. Transcriptome Analyses of Diaphorina citri Midgut Responses to Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus Infection. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11030171. [PMID: 32156093 PMCID: PMC7143376 DOI: 10.3390/insects11030171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is an important transmission vector of the citrus greening disease Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). The D. citri midgut exhibits an important tissue barrier against CLas infection. However, the molecular mechanism of the midgut response to CLas infection has not been comprehensively elucidated. In this study, we identified 778 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the midgut upon CLas infection, by comparative transcriptome analyses, including 499 upregulated DEGs and 279 downregulated DEGs. Functional annotation analysis showed that these DEGs were associated with ubiquitination, the immune response, the ribosome, endocytosis, the cytoskeleton and insecticide resistance. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that most of the DEGs were primarily involved in endocytosis and the ribosome. A total of fourteen DEG functions were further validated by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). This study will contribute to our understanding of the molecular interaction between CLas and D. citri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Zhong Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (H.-Z.Y.); (N.-Y.L.); (X.-D.Z.); (J.-C.S.); (X.-D.Y.); (H.-N.S.); (L.Y.)
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Ning-Yan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (H.-Z.Y.); (N.-Y.L.); (X.-D.Z.); (J.-C.S.); (X.-D.Y.); (H.-N.S.); (L.Y.)
| | - Xiang-Dong Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (H.-Z.Y.); (N.-Y.L.); (X.-D.Z.); (J.-C.S.); (X.-D.Y.); (H.-N.S.); (L.Y.)
| | - Jian-Chun Song
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (H.-Z.Y.); (N.-Y.L.); (X.-D.Z.); (J.-C.S.); (X.-D.Y.); (H.-N.S.); (L.Y.)
| | - Xiu-Dao Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (H.-Z.Y.); (N.-Y.L.); (X.-D.Z.); (J.-C.S.); (X.-D.Y.); (H.-N.S.); (L.Y.)
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Hua-Nan Su
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (H.-Z.Y.); (N.-Y.L.); (X.-D.Z.); (J.-C.S.); (X.-D.Y.); (H.-N.S.); (L.Y.)
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | | | - Long Yi
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (H.-Z.Y.); (N.-Y.L.); (X.-D.Z.); (J.-C.S.); (X.-D.Y.); (H.-N.S.); (L.Y.)
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhan-Jun Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (H.-Z.Y.); (N.-Y.L.); (X.-D.Z.); (J.-C.S.); (X.-D.Y.); (H.-N.S.); (L.Y.)
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Correspondence:
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Pan BY, Liu YK, Wu HK, Pang XQ, Wang SG, Tang B, Xu CD. Role of phosphoglucomutase in regulating trehalose metabolism in Nilaparvata lugens. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:61. [PMID: 32030330 PMCID: PMC6977789 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) is a key enzyme in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, regulating both glycogen and trehalose metabolism in insects. In this study, we explored the potential function of phosphoglucomutase (PGM) using RNA interference technology in Nilaparvata lugens, the brown planthopper. PGM1 and PGM2 were found highly expressed in the midgut of brown planthoppers, with different expression levels in different instar nymphs. The glycogen, glucose, and trehalose levels were also significantly increased after brown planthoppers were injected with dsRNA targeting PGM1 (dsPGM1) or PGM2 (dsPGM2). In addition, injection of dsPGM1 or dsPGM2 resulted in increased membrane-bound trehalase activity but not soluble trehalase activity. Furthermore, the expression of genes related to trehalose and glycogen metabolism decreased significantly after injection with dsPGM1 and dsPGM2. The expression levels of genes involved in chitin metabolism in the brown planthopper were also significantly decreased and the insects showed wing deformities and difficulty molting following RNAi. We suggest that silencing of PGM1 and PGM2 expression directly inhibits trehalose metabolism, leading to impaired chitin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Ying Pan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Kang Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Kai Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qing Pang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Gui Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Tang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Cai-Di Xu
- College of Education, Hangzhou
Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
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Zeng BP, Kang K, Wang HJ, Pan BY, Xu CD, Tang B, Zhang DW. Effect of glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase knockdown on the expression of glycogen- and insulin-related genes in the rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2020; 33:100652. [PMID: 31927198 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.100652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nilaparvata lugens is a serious threat to rice growth. Glycogen metabolism is one of the important physiological processes of insects, which is mainly regulated by glycogen synthase (GS) and glycogen phosphorylase (GP). In the present study, trehalose content was significantly reduced at 72 h after NlGP and NlGS knockdown, whereas glucose content was significantly increased at both 48 h and 72 h after GS knockdown. RNAi combined with RNA-Seq was used to identify NlGP- and NlGS-related pathways and genes in N. lugens. A total of 593 genes were up-regulated and 5969 genes were down-regulated after NlGP and NlGS knockdown, respectively. Moreover, the NlGS-knockdown group was mapped to 10,967 pathways, whereas the NlGP-knockdown group was mapped to 7948 pathways, and the greatest differences between the groups were associated with carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid and energy metabolism. Meanwhile, 1800, 1217, and 1211 transcripts in the NlGP-knockdown group and 2511, 1666, and 1727 transcripts in the NlGS-knockdown group were involved in bioprocess, cellular ingredients and molecular function, respectively. Almost all these genes were down-regulated by either NlGP or NlGS knockdown, with significant down-regulation of the 6-trehalose phosphate synthase (TPS), trehalase (TRE), GS, GP, phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase (PGM, n = 2), Insulin receptors (InRs) and insulin-like peptides (Ilps) genes. These results have demonstrated that RNAi-mediated NlGP and NlGS knockdown could lead to content of trehalose and glucose out of balance, but have no obvious effect on glycogen content, and have suggested that GS plays more complex role in other metabolism pathway of N. lugens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ping Zeng
- School of Biological and Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Animal Resource in Chishui River Basin, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, PR China
| | - Kui Kang
- School of Biological and Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Animal Resource in Chishui River Basin, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, PR China
| | - Hui-Juan Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, PR China
| | - Bi-Ying Pan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, PR China
| | - Cai-Di Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, PR China
| | - Bin Tang
- School of Biological and Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Animal Resource in Chishui River Basin, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, PR China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, PR China
| | - Dao-Wei Zhang
- School of Biological and Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Animal Resource in Chishui River Basin, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, PR China.
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21
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Wan PJ, Zhou RN, Nanda S, He JC, Yuan SY, Wang WX, Lai FX, Fu Q. Phenotypic and transcriptomic responses of two Nilaparvata lugens populations to the Mudgo rice containing Bph1. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14049. [PMID: 31575938 PMCID: PMC6773769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bph1 gene was the first reported brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) resistance gene in Mudgo rice and was widely used as a commercial cultivar for controlling BPH infestations. However, rapid adaptations of BPH on the Mudgo rice resulted in its resistance breakdown and the emergence of virulent BPH populations. Thus, specific BPH populations and rice varieties can serve as good model systems for studying the roles of different bio-compounds and proteins in the insect-plant interactions. Although our understandings have been improved on the complexity of BPH and rice interactions, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we analyzed the feeding performances and the transcriptomic responses of two BPH populations (Mugdo-BPH and TN1-BPH) during compatible (Mudog-BPH feeding on Mudgo rice) and incompatible (TN1-BPH feeding on Mudgo rice) interactions. The electrical penetration graph (EPG) results indicated that the BPH feeding and performances during the incompatible interaction are significantly affected in terms of decreased honeydew, loss of weight, decreased phloem sap ingestion (N4 waveform), but increased non-penetration (NP waveform) phase. Abundance of glucose and trehalose was reduced in BPH during the incompatible interaction. Transcriptomic surveys of insects in both interactions revealed that genes involved in cuticle formation, detoxification, metabolite transport, digestion, RNA processing, lipid or fatty acid metabolism, and proteolysis were significantly down-regulated during the incompatible interaction, whereas genes involved in insulin signaling were significantly upregulated. Knockdown of four genes, including the sugar transporter NlST45, the serine and arginine-rich protein NlSRp54, the cytochrome P450 gene NlCYP6AY1, and the cuticle protein NlCPR70 through RNA-interference revealed thess genes are important for BPH survival. Overall, the results of this study will be helpful for the future researches on BPH virulence shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Jun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Ruo-Nan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Satyabrata Nanda
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jia-Chun He
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - San-Yue Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Wei-Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Feng-Xiang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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Guo W, Lü J, Guo M, Chen S, Qiu B, Sang W, Yang C, Zhang Y, Pan H. De Novo Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Abundant Gonad-specific Genes in the Ovary and Testis of Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4084. [PMID: 31438553 PMCID: PMC6747241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a major pest affecting Solanaceae plants in Asian countries. In this study, we sequenced the ovary and testis transcriptomes of H. vigintioctopunctata to identify gonad-related genes. Comparison of the unigene sequences in ovary and testis libraries identified 1,421 and 5,315 ovary- and testis-specific genes, respectively. Among the ovary-specific genes, we selected the RC2-like and PSHS-like genes to investigate the effects of gene silencing on the mortality, percentage infertility, pre-oviposition period, fecundity, daily number of eggs laid, and hatching rate in female adults. Although the percentage mortality and infertility of females did not differ significantly among dsRNA treatments, fecundity was significantly reduced in the dsRC2-like and dsPSHS-like treatment groups. Moreover, the pre-oviposition period was markedly prolonged in response to dsPSHS-like treatment. This is the first reported RNA sequencing of H. vigintioctopunctata. The transcriptome sequences and gene expression profiles of the ovary and testis libraries will provide useful information for the identification of gonad-related genes in H. vigintioctopunctata and facilitate further research on the reproductive biology of this species. Moreover, the gonad-specific genes identified may represent candidate target genes for inhibiting the population growth of H. vigintioctopunctata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Pest Biocontrol of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jing Lü
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Pest Biocontrol of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mujuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Pest Biocontrol of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Pest Biocontrol of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Baoli Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Pest Biocontrol of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wen Sang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Pest Biocontrol of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chunxiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huipeng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Pest Biocontrol of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Yi Y, Xu H, Li M, Wu G. RNA-seq profiles of putative genes involved in specific immune priming in Bombyx mori haemocytes. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 74:103921. [PMID: 31207402 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune system of many invertebrates, including insects, has been shown to comprise memory, or specific immune priming. However, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms especially the candidate immune-related genes mediated the specificity of the immune priming are still very scarce and fragmentary. We therefore used two closely related Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria (Photorhabdus luminescens TT01 and P. luminescens H06) as the priming agents and employed Illumina/Solexa platform to investigate the transcriptional changes of the haemocytes of Bombyx mori larvae after priming. RESULTS In total, 23.0 Gbp of sequence data and 153,331,564 reads were generated, representing 10,496 genes. Approximately 89% of the genes or sequenced reads could be aligned to the silkworm reference genome. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of PBS-vs-TT01 (up-regulated expression of TT01 relative to PBS), PBS-vs-H06 (up-regulated expression of H06 relative to PBS) and TT01-vs-H06 (up-regulated expression of H06 relative to TT01) were 707, 159 and 461 respectively. In addition, expression patterns of 25 selected DEGs derived from quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were consistent with their transcript abundance changes obtained by transcriptomic analyses. The DEGs are mainly related to pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), signaling molecular, effector molecules, phagosome and spliceosome, indicating that they have participated in the regulation of the specific immune priming in the B. mori larvae. CONCLUSIONS The transcriptome profiling data sets from this study will provide valuable resources to better understand the molecular and biological mechanisms regulating the specificity of invertebrates' immune priming. All these will shed light on controlling insect pests or preventing epidemic of infectious diseases in economic invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhong Yi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Jingzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jingzhou 434000, China
| | - Mei Li
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China.
| | - Gongqing Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
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24
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Kerima OZ, Niranjana P, Vinay Kumar B, Ramachandrappa R, Puttappa S, Lalitha Y, Jalali SK, Ballal CR, Thulasiram HV. De novo transcriptome analysis of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae): A biological control agent. GENE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Transcriptomic Analysis of Aedes aegypti in Response to Mosquitocidal Bacillus thuringiensis LLP29 Toxin. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12650. [PMID: 30140020 PMCID: PMC6107635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, Aedes aegypti is one of the most dangerous mosquitoes that plays a crucial role as a vector for human diseases, such as yellow fever, dengue, and chikungunya. To identify (1) transcriptomic basis of midgut (2) key genes that are involved in the toxicity process by a comparative transcriptomic analysis between the control and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin (LLP29 proteins)-treated groups. Next-generation sequencing technology was used to sequence the midgut transcriptome of A. aegypti. A total of 17130 unigenes, including 574 new unigenes, were identified containing 16358 (95.49%) unigenes that were functionally annotated. According to differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis, 557 DEGs were annotated, including 226 upregulated and 231 downregulated unigenes in the Bt toxin-treated group. A total of 442 DEGs were functionally annotated; among these, 33 were specific to multidrug resistance, 6 were immune-system-related (Lectin, Defensin, Lysozyme), 28 were related to putative proteases, 7 were lipase-related, 8 were related to phosphatases, and 30 were related to other transporters. In addition, the relative expression of 28 DEGs was further confirmed through quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. The results provide a transcriptomic basis for the identification and functional authentication of DEGs in A. aegypti.
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Lu Y, Zhao Y, Lu H, Bai Q, Yang Y, Zheng X, Lu Z. Midgut Transcriptional Variation of Chilo suppressalis Larvae Induced by Feeding on the Dead-End Trap Plant, Vetiveria zizanioides. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1067. [PMID: 30131719 PMCID: PMC6090068 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chilo supprressalis is one of the most important rice pests that causes serious damage to production in the rice growth area of Asia. Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) was previously found to effectively attract female adults of C. suppressalis laying eggs on vetiver leaves, while the larvae cannot complete their life cycles by feeding on vetiver, indicating a potential means of controlling this pest. In the present study, the transcriptomes of midguts of rice-fed and vetiver-fed C. suppressalis larvae were profiled, which aimed to clarify the molecular mechanism of vetiver as a dead-end trap plant preliminarily. We found that ingestion of vetiver provoked a robust transcriptional response in the larval midguts, and a total of 1,849 differentially expressed UniGenes were identified. We focused on 12 digestion-related genes, four immune-related genes and three detoxification-related genes. Most of these genes were significantly down regulated in the larval midguts at 6, 8, and 10 days after feeding on vetiver compared to on rice. Transcriptional dynamics suggested that these genes might be involved in toxicity responses following exposure to vetiver. Taken together, this study provides an initial molecular framework for developing biological control strategies for C. suppressalis in an effort to protect economically important rice crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qi Bai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xusong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongxian Lu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Wang J, Lin G, Batool K, Zhang S, Chen M, Xu J, Wu J, Jin L, Gelbic I, Xu L, Zhang L, Guan X. Alimentary Tract Transcriptome Analysis of the Tea Geometrid, Ectropis oblique (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:1411-1419. [PMID: 29546335 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ectropis oblique Prout (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is one of the main pests that damages the tea crop in Southeast Asia. To understand the molecular mechanisms of its feeding biology, transcriptomes of the alimentary tract (AT) and of the body minus the AT of E. oblique were successfully sequenced and analyzed in this study. A total of 36,950 unigenes from de novo sequences were assembled. After analysis using six annotation databases (e.g., Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome, and NCBI nr), a series of putative genes were found for this insect species that were related to digestion, detoxification, the immune system, and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) receptors. From this series of genes, 21 were randomly selected to verify the relative expression levels of transcripts using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. These results will provide an invaluable genomic resource for future studies on the molecular mechanisms of E. oblique, which will be useful in developing biological control strategies for this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Guifang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Khadija Batool
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ivan Gelbic
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Science, Branišovská, Ceské Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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Shao E, Lin L, Liu S, Zhang J, Chen X, Sha L, Huang Z, Huang B, Guan X. Analysis of Homologs of Cry-toxin Receptor-Related Proteins in the Midgut of a Non-Bt Target, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2018; 18:4839024. [PMID: 29415259 PMCID: PMC5804751 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iex102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens is one of the most destructive insect pests in the rice fields of Asia. Like other hemipteran insects, BPH is not susceptible to Cry toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) or transgenic rice carrying Bt cry genes. Lack of Cry receptors in the midgut is one of the main reasons that BPH is not susceptible to the Cry toxins. The main Cry-binding proteins (CBPs) of the susceptible insects are cadherin, aminopeptidase N (APN), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). In this study, we analyzed and validated de novo assembled transcripts from transcriptome sequencing data of BPH to identify and characterize homologs of cadherin, APN, and ALP. We then compared the cadherin-, APN-, and ALP-like proteins of BPH to previously reported CBPs to identify their homologs in BPH. The sequence analysis revealed that at least one cadherin, one APN, and two ALPs of BPH contained homologous functional domains identified from the Cry-binding cadherin, APN, and ALP, respectively. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction used to verify the expression level of each putative Cry receptor homolog in the BPH midgut indicated that the CBPs homologous APN and ALP were expressed at high or medium-high levels while the cadherin was expressed at a low level. These results suggest that homologs of CBPs exist in the midgut of BPH. However, differences in key motifs of CBPs, which are functional in interacting with Cry toxins, may be responsible for insusceptibility of BPH to Cry toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensi Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- China National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Li Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Sijun Liu
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011
| | - Jiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Xuelin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Li Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Biwang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Xiong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
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Panfilio KA, Angelini DR. By land, air, and sea: hemipteran diversity through the genomic lens. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 25:106-115. [PMID: 29602356 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to a recent spate of sequencing projects, the Hemiptera are the first hemimetabolous insect order to achieve a critical mass of species with sequenced genomes, establishing the basis for comparative genomics of the bugs. However, as the most speciose hemimetabolous order, there is still a vast swathe of the hemipteran phylogeny that awaits genomic representation across subterranean, terrestrial, and aquatic habitats, and with lineage-specific and developmentally plastic cases of both wing polyphenisms and flightlessness. In this review, we highlight opportunities for taxonomic sampling beyond obvious pest species candidates, motivated by intriguing biological features of certain groups as well as the rich research tradition of ecological, physiological, developmental, and particularly cytogenetic investigation that spans the diversity of the Hemiptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Panfilio
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Institute of Zoology: Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
| | - David R Angelini
- Department of Biology, Colby College, Waterville, ME 04901, United States
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Niu L, Ma W, Lei C, Jurat-Fuentes JL, Chen L. Herbicide and insect resistant Bt cotton pollen assessment finds no detrimental effects on adult honey bees. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 230:479-485. [PMID: 28688300 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
One important concern regarding the use of transgenic cotton expressing insecticidal toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is its potential detrimental effect on non-target organisms. The honey bee (Apis mellifera) is the most important pollinator species worldwide and it is directly exposed to transgenic crops by the consumption of genetically modified (GM) pollen. However, the potential effects of Bt cotton on A. mellifera remain unclear. In the present study, we assessed the effects of two Bt cotton varieties; ZMSJ expressing the Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab insecticidal proteins, and ZMKCKC producing Cry1Ac and EPSPS, on A. mellifera. Feeding on pollen from two Bt cotton varieties led to detection of low levels of Cry toxins (<10 ng/g fresh weight) in the midgut of A. mellifera adults, yet expression of detoxification genes did not change significantly compared to feeding on non-Bt cotton. Binding assays showed no Cry1Ac or Cry2Ab binding to midgut brush border membrane proteins from A. mellifera adults. Taken together, these results support minimal risk for potential negative effects on A. mellifera by exposure to Bt cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Niu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chaoliang Lei
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Lizhen Chen
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
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Martin KM, Barandoc-Alviar K, Schneweis DJ, Stewart CL, Rotenberg D, Whitfield AE. Transcriptomic response of the insect vector, Peregrinus maidis, to Maize mosaic rhabdovirus and identification of conserved responses to propagative viruses in hopper vectors. Virology 2017; 509:71-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Xu L, Huang HJ, Zhou X, Liu CW, Bao YY. Pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 is essential for egg hatching in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 26:277-285. [PMID: 28032922 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we identified a pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (PLRP2) gene through searching the transcriptome data of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, a monophagous rice pest. PLRP2 mRNAs were first isolated in the human pancreas and play an important role in hydrolysis of galactolipids from the diet. Although homologous PLRP2 genes have been identified in many insect species, their physiological functions remain unknown. The present study for the first time reports the functional role of PLRP2 in an insect species. Differing from mammal PLRP2s, N. lugens PLRP2 was highly expressed in developing oocytes of the ovaries of female adults and little expressed in laid eggs. Suppression of N. lugens PLRP2 expression using RNA interference significantly inhibited egg hatching in rice seedlings, implying that N. lugens PLRP2 was important for oocyte maturation and development. This novel finding will improve our understanding of the reproductive strategies in insects and provides a potential target for future management of crop pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - H-J Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - X Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - C-W Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Y-Y Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Tang PA, Wu HJ, Xue H, Ju XR, Song W, Zhang QL, Yuan ML. Characterization of transcriptome in the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and gene expression analysis during developmental stages. Gene 2017; 622:29-41. [PMID: 28412460 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a worldwide pest that causes serious damage to stored foods. Although many efforts have been conducted on this species due to its economic importance, the study of genetic basis of development, behavior and insecticide resistance has been greatly hampered due to lack of genomic information. In this study, we used high throughput sequencing platform to perform a de novo transcriptome assembly and tag-based digital gene expression profiling (DGE) analyses across four different developmental stages of P. interpunctella (egg, third-instar larvae, pupae and adult). We obtained approximate 9gigabyte (GB) of clean data and recovered 84,938 unigenes, including 37,602 clusters and 47,336 singletons. These unigenes were annotated using BLAST against the non-redundant protein databases and then functionally classified based on Gene Ontology (GO), Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases (KEGG). A large number of differentially expressed genes were identified by pairwise comparisons among different developmental stages. Gene expression profiles dramatically changed between developmental stage transitions. Some of these differentially expressed genes were related to digestion and cuticularization. Quantitative real-time PCR results of six randomly selected genes conformed the findings in the DGEs. Furthermore, we identified over 8000 microsatellite markers and 97,648 single nucleotide polymorphisms which will be useful for population genetics studies of P. interpunctella. This transcriptomic information provided insight into the developmental basis of P. interpunctella and will be helpful for establishing integrated management strategies and developing new targets of insecticides for this serious pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-An Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hai-Jing Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xing-Rong Ju
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qi-Lin Zhang
- Evo-devo Institute, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ming-Long Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
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Guo Y, Chai Y, Zhang L, Zhao Z, Gao LL, Ma R. Transcriptome Analysis and Identification of Major Detoxification Gene Families and Insecticide Targets in Grapholita Molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2017; 17:3075266. [PMID: 28365764 PMCID: PMC5469388 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iex014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is an important pest of most stone and pome fruits and causes serious damage to the fruit industry worldwide. This insect pest has been primarily controlled through the application of insecticides; as a result, G. molesta has developed resistance to many different types of insecticides. To identify detoxification genes, we have, de novo, sequenced the transcriptome of G. molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and yielded 58,970 unigenes of which 26,985 unigenes matched to known proteins. In total, 2,040 simple sequence repeats have been identified. The comprehensive transcriptome data set has permitted us to identify members of important gene families related to detoxification in G. molesta, including 77 unigenes of putative cytochrome P450s, 28 of glutathione S-transferases, 46 of Carboxylesterases, and 31 of insecticide targets. Orthologs of some of these unigenes have shown to play a pivotal role in insecticide resistance in other insect species and those unigenes likely have similar functions in G. molesta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiong Guo
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China (; ; ; )
| | - Yanping Chai
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China (; ; ; )
| | - Lijun Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China (; ; ; )
| | - Zhiguo Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China (; ; ; )
| | - Ling-Ling Gao
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia, and
| | - Ruiyan Ma
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China (; ; ; )
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Yu B, Li DT, Wang SL, Xu HJ, Bao YY, Zhang CX. Ion transport peptide (ITP) regulates wing expansion and cuticle melanism in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 25:778-787. [PMID: 27515909 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ion transport peptide (ITP) and its alternatively spliced homologous ITP-like (ITPL) products play important roles in various insect developmental processes. We found for the first time that alternative 5' untranslated regions (5' UTRs) of ITPL (NilluITPLs-1, -2, -3 and -4) control spatiotemporal expression in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, as demonstrated by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. By using an alternative 5' UTR, NilluITPL-1 was expressed exclusively in the male reproductive system, resulting in the production of the NilluITPL seminal fluid protein. Interestingly, NilluITPLs-3 and -4 were expressed exclusively in the integument, indicating a specialized function for NilluITPL during ecdysis and eclosion. We investigated the functions of NilluITP and NilluITPL using RNA interference (RNAi). We did not observe apparent phenotypes when expression of NilluITPLs was suppressed. However, when NilluITP expression was suppressed, the insect exhibited melanism and failed wing expansion, indicating that NilluITP is a neuropeptide associated with wing expansion in addition to bursicon. Additionally, in contrast to bursicon, the insects showed increased melanism when NilluITP was eliminated by RNAi. Unlike previous studies of ITP/ITPL in other species, NilluITP was very important in the control of N. lugens postecdysial behaviours but was not critical during ecdysis. Thus, the functions of ITP and ITPL are more complex in insects than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - D-T Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - S-L Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - H-J Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y-Y Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - C-X Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Shao ES, Lin GF, Liu S, Ma XL, Chen MF, Lin L, Wu SQ, Sha L, Liu ZX, Hu XH, Guan X, Zhang LL. Identification of transcripts involved in digestion, detoxification and immune response from transcriptome of Empoasca vitis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) nymphs. Genomics 2016; 109:58-66. [PMID: 27867104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Tea production has been significantly impacted by the false-eye leafhopper, Empoasca vitis (Göthe), around Asia. To identify the key genes which are responsible for nutrition absorption, xenobiotic metabolism and immune response, the transcriptome of either alimentary tracts or bodies minus alimentary tract of E. vitis was sequenced and analyzed. Over 31 million reads were obtained from Illumina sequencing. De novo sequence assembly resulted in 52,182 unigenes with a mean size of 848nt. The assembled unigenes were then annotated using various databases. Transcripts of at least 566 digestion-, 224 detoxification-, and 288 immune-related putative genes in E. vitis were identified. In addition, relative expression of highly abundant transcripts was verified through quantitative real-time PCR. Results from this investigation provide genomic information about E. vitis, which will be helpful in further study of E. vitis biology and in the development of novel strategies to control this devastating pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Si Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China; China National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Gui-Fang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Sijun Liu
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States.
| | - Xiao-Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Ming-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Li Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Song-Qing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Li Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Zhao-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Xiong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China.
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Analysis of transcriptome profiling from the brain at maturation and regression phases in starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus). GENE REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yu B, Li DT, Lu JB, Zhang WX, Zhang CX. Seminal fluid protein genes of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:654. [PMID: 27538518 PMCID: PMC4990865 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) are produced mainly in the accessory gland of male insects and transferred to females during mating, in which they induce numerous physiological and post-mating behavioral changes. The brown plant hopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, is an economically important hemipterous pest of rice. The behavior and physiology of the female of this species is significantly altered by mating. SFPs in hemipteran species are still unclear. Results We applied high-throughput mass spectrometry proteomic analyses to characterize the SFP composition in N. lugens. We identified 94 putative secreted SFPs, and the expression levels of these proteins was determined from the male accessory gland digital gene expression database. The 94 predicted SFPs showed high expression in the male accessory gland. Comparing N. lugens and other insect SFPs, the apparent expansion of N. lugens seminal fluid trypsins and carboxylesterases was observed. The number of N. lugens seminal fluid trypsins (20) was at least twice that in other insects. We detected 6 seminal fluid carboxylesterases in N. lugens seminal fluid, while seminal fluid carboxylesterases were rarely detected in other insects. Otherwise, new insect SFPs, including mesencephalic astrocyte–derived neurotrophic factor, selenoprotein, EGF (epidermal growth factor) domain–containing proteins and a neuropeptide ion transport-like peptide were identified. Conclusion This work represents the first characterization of putative SFPs in a hemipeteran species. Our results provide a foundation for future studies to investigate the functions of SFPs in N. lugens and are an important addition to the available data for comparative studies of SFPs in insects. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3013-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dan-Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jia-Bao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wen-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Wei D, Tian CB, Liu SH, Wang T, Smagghe G, Jia FX, Dou W, Wang JJ. Transcriptome analysis to identify genes for peptides and proteins involved in immunity and reproduction from male accessory glands and ejaculatory duct of Bactrocera dorsalis. Peptides 2016; 80:48-60. [PMID: 26297881 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the male reproductive system of insects, the male accessory glands and ejaculatory duct (MAG/ED) are important organs and their primary function is to enhance the fertility of spermatozoa. Proteins secreted by the MAG/ED are also known to induce post-mating changes and immunity responses in the female insect. To understand the gene expression profile in the MAG/ED of the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), that is an important pest in fruits, we performed an Illumina-based deep sequencing of mRNA. This yielded 54,577,630 clean reads corresponding to 4.91Gb total nucleotides that were assembled and clustered to 30,669 unigenes (average 645bp). Among them, 20,419 unigenes were functionally annotated to known proteins/peptides in Gene Orthology, Clusters of Orthologous Groups, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway databases. Typically, many genes were involved in immunity and these included microbial recognition proteins and antimicrobial peptides. Subsequently, the inducible expression of these immunity-related genes was confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis when insects were challenged with immunity-inducible factors, suggesting their function in guaranteeing fertilization success. Besides, we identified some important reproductive genes such as juvenile hormone- and ecdysteroid-related genes in this de novo assembly. In conclusion, this transcriptomic sequencing of B. dorsalis MAG/ED provides insights to facilitate further functional research of reproduction, immunity and molecular evolution of reproductive proteins in this important agricultural pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Chuan-Bei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Shi-Huo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Department of Crop Protection, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fu-Xian Jia
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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Huang HJ, Liu CW, Huang XH, Zhou X, Zhuo JC, Zhang CX, Bao YY. Screening and Functional Analyses of Nilaparvata lugens Salivary Proteome. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1883-96. [PMID: 27142481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Most phloem-feeding insects secrete gelling and watery saliva during the feeding process. However, the functions of salivary proteins are poorly understood. In this study, our purpose was to reveal the components and functions of saliva in a rice sap-sucking insect pest, Nilaparvata lugens. The accomplishment of the whole genome and transcriptome sequencing in N. lugens would be helpful for elucidating the gene information and expression specificity of the salivary proteins. In this study, we have, for the first time, identified the abundant protein components from gelling and watery saliva in a monophagous sap-sucking insect species through shotgun proteomic detection combined with the genomic and transcriptomic analysis. Eight unknown secreted proteins were limited to N. lugens, indicating species-specific saliva components. A group of annexin-like proteins first identified in the secreted saliva displayed different domain structure and expression specificity with typical insect annexins. Nineteen genes encoding five annexin-like proteins, six salivaps (salivary glands-specific proteins with unknown function), seven putative enzymes, and a mucin-like protein showed salivary gland-specific expression pattern, suggesting their importance in the physiological mechanisms of salivary gland and saliva in this insect species. RNA interference revealed that salivap-3 is a key protein factor in forming the salivary sheath, while annexin-like5 and carbonic anhydrase are indispensable for N. lugens survival. These novel findings will greatly help to clarify the detailed functions of salivary proteins in the physiological process of N. lugens and elucidate the interaction mechanisms between N. lugens and the rice plant, which could provide important targets for the future management of rice pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cheng-Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ji-Chong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan-Yuan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
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Zhao W, Lu L, Yang P, Cui N, Kang L, Cui F. Organ-specific transcriptome response of the small brown planthopper toward rice stripe virus. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 70:60-72. [PMID: 26678499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV) causes rice stripe disease and is transmitted by the small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus, SBPH) in a persistent, circulative, and propagative manner. The alimentary canal and salivary gland of SBPH play important roles in viral replication and transmission. However, little is known about the underlying molecular functions of these two organs in the interaction between RSV and SBPH. In this study, organ-specific transcriptomes of the alimentary canal and salivary gland were analyzed in viruliferous and naïve SBPH. The number of differentially expressed unigenes in the alimentary canal was considerably greater than that in the salivary gland after RSV infection, and only 23 unigenes were co-regulated in the two organs. In the alimentary canal, genes involved in lysosome, digestion and detoxification were activated upon RSV infection, whereas the genes related to DNA replication and repair were suppressed. RSV activated RNA transport and repressed the MAPK, mTOR, Wnt, and TGF-beta signaling pathways in the salivary gland. The overall immune reaction toward RSV was much stronger in the salivary gland than in the alimentary canal. RSV activated the pattern recognition molecules and Toll pathway in the salivary gland but inhibited these two reactions in the alimentary canal. The responses from reactive oxygen and the immune-responsive effectors were stronger in the salivary gland than in the alimentary canal after RSV infection. These findings provide clues on the roles of the two organs in confronting RSV infection and aid in the understanding of the interaction between RSV and SBPHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lixia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Feng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Shao E, Lin L, Chen C, Chen H, Zhuang H, Wu S, Sha L, Guan X, Huang Z. Loop replacements with gut-binding peptides in Cry1Ab domain II enhanced toxicity against the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Sci Rep 2016; 6:20106. [PMID: 26830331 PMCID: PMC4735585 DOI: 10.1038/srep20106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry toxins have been used widely in pest managements. However, Cry toxins are not effective against sap-sucking insects (Hemiptera), which limits the application of Bt for pest management. In order to extend the insecticidal spectrum of Bt toxins to the rice brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, we modified Cry1Ab putative receptor binding domains with selected BPH gut-binding peptides (GBPs). Three surface exposed loops in the domain II of Cry1Ab were replaced with two GBPs (P2S and P1Z) respectively. Bioassay results showed that toxicity of modified toxin L2-P2S increased significantly (~9 folds) against BPH nymphs. In addition, damage of midgut cells was observed from the nymphs fed with L2-P2S. Our results indicate that modifying Cry toxins based on the toxin-gut interactions can broaden the insecticidal spectrum of Bt toxin. This method provides another approach for the development of transgenic crops with novel insecticidal activity against hemipteran insects and insect populations resistant to current Bt transgenic crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensi Shao
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- China National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Hanze Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Haohan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Songqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Li Sha
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Xiong Guan
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
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Cao DP, Liu Y, Wei JJ, Li JH, Wang GR. A de novo transcriptomic analysis to reveal functional genes in Apolygus lucorum. INSECT SCIENCE 2016; 23:2-14. [PMID: 25408247 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The widespread planting of genetically engineered cotton producing the Cry1Ac toxin has led to significantly reduced pesticide applications since 1997. However, consequently, the number of green mirid bugs (GMB), Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) has increased. So far the GMB, instead of the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), has become the major pest in the transgenic Bt cotton field and has influenced cotton yield. Disproportionately, only a few studies on GMB at molecular level have been reported. Libraries from both third instar nymphs and adults were sequenced using Illumina technology, producing more than 106 million short reads and assembled into 63 029 unigenes of mean length 597 nt and N50 813 nt, ranging from 300 nt to 9771 nt. BLASTx analysis against Nr, Swissprot, GO and COG was performed to annotate these unigenes. As a result, 26 478 unigenes (42.01%) matched to known proteins and 107 immune-related, 320 digestive-related and 53 metamorphosis-related genes were detected in these annotated unigenes. Additionally, we profiled gene expression using mapping based differentially expressed genes (DEGs) strategy between the two developmental stages: nymph and adult. The results demonstrated that thousands of genes were significantly differentially expressed at different developmental stages. The transcriptome and gene expression data provided comprehensive and global gene resources of GMB. This transcriptome would improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of various underlying biological characteristics, including development, digestion and immunity in GMB. Therefore, these findings could help elucidate the intrinsic factors of the GMB resurgence, offering novel pest management targets for future transgenic cotton breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Pan Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing
- Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing
| | - Jin-Jin Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing
| | - Jian-Hong Li
- Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gui-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing
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Bt proteins Cry1Ah and Cry2Ab do not affect cotton aphid Aphis gossypii and ladybeetle Propylea japonica. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20368. [PMID: 26829252 PMCID: PMC4734323 DOI: 10.1038/srep20368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant varieties expressing the Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) insecticidal proteins Cry1Ah and Cry2Ab have potential commercialization prospects in China. However, their potential effects on non-target arthropods (NTAs) remain uncharacterized. The cotton aphid Aphis gossypii is a worldwide pest that damages various important crops. The ladybeetle Propylea japonica is a common and abundant natural enemy in many cropping systems in East Asia. In the present study, the effects of Cry1Ah and Cry2Ab proteins on A. gossypii and P. japonica were assessed from three aspects. First, neither of the Cry proteins affected the growth or developmental characteristics of the two test insects. Second, the expression levels of the detoxification-related genes of the two test insects did not change significantly in either Cry protein treatment. Third, neither of the Cry proteins had a favourable effect on the expression of genes associated with the amino acid metabolism of A. gossypii and the nutrition utilization of P. japonica. In conclusion, the Cry1Ah and Cry2Ab proteins do not appear to affect the cotton aphid A. gossypii or the ladybeetle P. japonica.
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45
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Sharma P, Das De T, Sharma S, Kumar Mishra A, Thomas T, Verma S, Kumari V, Lata S, Singh N, Valecha N, Chand Pandey K, Dixit R. Deep sequencing revealed molecular signature of horizontal gene transfer of plant like transcripts in the mosquito Anopheles culicifacies: an evolutionary puzzle. F1000Res 2015; 4:1523. [PMID: 26998230 PMCID: PMC4786938 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.7534.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In prokaryotes, horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has been regarded as an important evolutionary drive to acquire and retain beneficial genes for their survival in diverse ecologies. However, in eukaryotes, the functional role of HGTs remains questionable, although current genomic tools are providing increased evidence of acquisition of novel traits within non-mating metazoan species. Here, we provide another transcriptomic evidence for the acquisition of massive plant genes in the mosquito, Anopheles culicifacies. Our multiple experimental validations including genomic PCR, RT-PCR, real-time PCR, immuno-blotting and immuno-florescence microscopy, confirmed that plant like transcripts (PLTs) are of mosquito origin and may encode functional proteins. A comprehensive molecular analysis of the PLTs and ongoing metagenomic analysis of salivary microbiome provide initial clues that mosquitoes may have survival benefits through the acquisition of nuclear as well as chloroplast encoded plant genes. Our findings of PLTs further support the similar questionable observation of HGTs in other higher organisms, which is still a controversial and debatable issue in the community of evolutionists. We believe future understanding of the underlying mechanism of the feeding associated molecular responses may shed new insights in the functional role of PLTs in the mosquito.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punita Sharma
- Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, National Institute of Malaria Research, Delhi, India; Nano and Biotechnology Department, Guru Jambheshwar University, Haryana, India
| | - Tanwee Das De
- Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, National Institute of Malaria Research, Delhi, India
| | - Swati Sharma
- Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, National Institute of Malaria Research, Delhi, India
| | | | - Tina Thomas
- Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, National Institute of Malaria Research, Delhi, India
| | - Sonia Verma
- Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, National Institute of Malaria Research, Delhi, India
| | - Vandana Kumari
- Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, National Institute of Malaria Research, Delhi, India
| | - Suman Lata
- Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, National Institute of Malaria Research, Delhi, India
| | - Namita Singh
- Nano and Biotechnology Department, Guru Jambheshwar University, Haryana, India
| | - Neena Valecha
- Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, National Institute of Malaria Research, Delhi, India
| | - Kailash Chand Pandey
- Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, National Institute of Malaria Research, Delhi, India
| | - Rajnikant Dixit
- Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, National Institute of Malaria Research, Delhi, India
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46
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Lao SH, Huang XH, Huang HJ, Liu CW, Zhang CX, Bao YY. Genomic and transcriptomic insights into the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene repertoire in the rice pest brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. Genomics 2015; 106:301-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Proteomic analysis reveals that COP9 signalosome complex subunit 7A (CSN7A) is essential for the phase transition of migratory locust. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26212173 PMCID: PMC4515600 DOI: 10.1038/srep12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The migratory locust displays a reversible, density-dependent transition between the two phases of gregaria and solitaria. This phenomenon is a typical kind of behavior plasticity. Here, we report that COP9 signalosome complex subunit 7A (CSN7A) is involved in the regulation of locust phase transition. Firstly, 90 proteins were identified to express differentially between the two phases by quantitative proteomic analysis. Gregaria revealed higher levels in proteins related to structure formation, melanism and energy metabolism, whereas solitaria had more abundant proteins related to digestion, absorption and chemical sensing. Subsequently, ten proteins including CSN7A were found to reveal differential mRNA expression profiles between the two phases. The CSN7A had higher mRNA level in the gregaria as compared with the solitaria, and the mRNA amount in the gregaria decreased remarkably during the 32 h-isolation. However, the mRNA level in the solitaria kept constant during the crowding rearing. Finally and importantly, RNA interference of CSN7A in gregaria resulted in obvious phase transition towards solitaria within 24 h. It suggests that CSN7A plays an essential role in the transition of gregaria towards solitaria in the migratory locust. To our knowledge, it's the first time to report the role of CSN in behavior plasticity of animals.
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48
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Sharma P, Sharma S, Mishra AK, Thomas T, Das De T, Rohilla SL, Singh N, Pandey KC, Valecha N, Dixit R. Unraveling dual feeding associated molecular complexity of salivary glands in the mosquito Anopheles culicifacies. Biol Open 2015; 4:1002-15. [PMID: 26163527 PMCID: PMC4542284 DOI: 10.1242/bio.012294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito salivary glands are well known to facilitate meal acquisition, however the fundamental question on how adult female salivary gland manages molecular responses during sugar versus blood meal uptake remains unanswered. To investigate these responses, we analyzed a total of 58.5 million raw reads generated from two independent RNAseq libraries of the salivary glands collected from 3–4 day-old sugar and blood fed Anopheles culicifacies mosquitoes. Comprehensive functional annotation analysis of 10,931 contigs unraveled that salivary glands may encode diverse nature of proteins in response to distinct physiological feeding status. Digital gene expression analysis and PCR validation indicated that first blood meal significantly alters the molecular architecture of the salivary glands. Comparative microscopic analysis also revealed that first blood meal uptake not only causes an alteration of at least 12–22% of morphological features of the salivary glands but also results in cellular changes e.g. apoptosis, confirming together that adult female salivary glands are specialized organs to manage meal specific responses. Unraveling the underlying mechanism of mosquito salivary gene expression, controlling dual feeding associated responses may provide a new opportunity to control vector borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punita Sharma
- Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, Delhi 110077, India Nano and Biotechnology Department, Guru Jambheshwar University, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Swati Sharma
- Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, Delhi 110077, India
| | | | - Tina Thomas
- Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, Delhi 110077, India
| | - Tanwee Das De
- Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, Delhi 110077, India
| | - Suman Lata Rohilla
- Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, Delhi 110077, India
| | - Namita Singh
- Nano and Biotechnology Department, Guru Jambheshwar University, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Kailash C Pandey
- Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, Delhi 110077, India
| | - Neena Valecha
- Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, Delhi 110077, India
| | - Rajnikant Dixit
- Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, Delhi 110077, India
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Rice ragged stunt virus-induced apoptosis affects virus transmission from its insect vector, the brown planthopper to the rice plant. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11413. [PMID: 26073458 PMCID: PMC4466780 DOI: 10.1038/srep11413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Most plant viruses that seriously damage agricultural crops are transmitted by insects. However, the mechanisms enabling virus transmission by insect vectors are poorly understood. The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) is one of the most serious rice pests, causing extensive damage to rice plants by sucking the phloem sap and transmitting viruses, including Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV). In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of RRSV transmission from its insect vector to the rice plant in vivo using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay and RNA interference technology. RRSV induced apoptosis in the salivary gland cells of its insect vector, N. lugens. The RRSV-induced apoptosis was regulated through a caspase-dependent manner, and inhibition of the expression of N. lugens caspase-1 genes significantly interfered with virus transmission. Our findings establish a link between virus-associated apoptosis and virus transmission from the insect vector to the host plant.
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50
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Wei D, Li HM, Yang WJ, Wei DD, Dou W, Huang Y, Wang JJ. Transcriptome profiling of the testis reveals genes involved in spermatogenesis and marker discovery in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 24:41-57. [PMID: 25255964 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The testis is a highly specialized tissue that plays a vital role in ensuring fertility by producing spermatozoa, which are transferred to the female during mating. Spermatogenesis is a complex process, resulting in the production of mature sperm, and involves significant structural and biochemical changes in the seminiferous epithelium of the adult testis. The identification of genes involved in spermatogenesis of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is critical for a better understanding of its reproductive development. In this study, we constructed a cDNA library of testes from male B. dorsalis adults at different ages, and performed de novo transcriptome sequencing to produce a comprehensive transcript data set, using Illumina sequencing technology. The analysis yielded 52 016 732 clean reads, including a total of 4.65 Gb of nucleotides. These reads were assembled into 47 677 contigs (average 443 bp) and then clustered into 30 516 unigenes (average 756 bp). Based on BLAST hits with known proteins in different databases, 20 921 unigenes were annotated with a cut-off E-value of 10(-5). The transcriptome sequences were further annotated using the Clusters of Orthologous Groups, Gene Orthology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases. Functional genes involved in spermatogenesis were analysed, including cell cycle proteins, metalloproteins, actin, and ubiquitin and antihyperthermia proteins. Several testis-specific genes were also identified. The transcripts database will help us to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying spermatogenesis in B. dorsalis. Furthermore, 2913 simple sequence repeats and 151 431 single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified, which will be useful for investigating the genetic diversity of B. dorsalis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wei
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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