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Bujnakova Mlynarcikova A, Scsukova S. Evaluation of effects of bisphenol analogs AF, S, and F on viability, proliferation, production of selected cancer-related factors, and expression of selected transcripts in Caov-3 human ovarian epithelial cell line. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 191:114889. [PMID: 39059691 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) has been a substantial additive in plastics until the reports on its adverse effects have led to its restrictions and replacement. Monitoring studies document the increasing occurrence of bisphenol analogs, however, data on their effects and risks is still insufficient. Based on the indications that BPA might contribute to ovarian cancer pathogenesis, we examined effects of the analogs AF (BPAF), S (BPS) and F (BPF) (10-9-10-4 M) on the Caov-3 epithelial cancer cells, including the impact on cell viability, proliferation, oxidative stress, and production and expression of several factors and genes related to ovarian cancer. At environmentally relevant doses, bisphenols did not exert significant effects. At the highest concentration, BPAF caused varied alterations, including decreased cell viability and proliferation, caspase activation, down-regulation of PCNA and BIRC5, elevation of IL8, VEGFA, MYC, PTGS2 and ABCB1 expressions. Only BPA (10-4 M) increased IL-6, IL-8 and VEGFA output by the Caov-3 cells. Each bisphenol induced generation of reactive oxygen species and decreased superoxide dismutase activity at the highest concentration. Although the effects were observed only in the supraphysiological doses, the results indicate that certain bisphenol analogs might affect several ovarian cancer cell characteristics and merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzbeta Bujnakova Mlynarcikova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, Bratislava, 84505, Slovakia.
| | - Sona Scsukova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, Bratislava, 84505, Slovakia
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2
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Marolt N, Pavlič R, Kreft T, Gjogorska M, Rižner TL. Targeting estrogen metabolism in high-grade serous ovarian cancer shows promise to overcome platinum resistance. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117069. [PMID: 38968802 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The high mortality rate due to chemoresistance in patients with high-grade ovarian cancer (HGSOC) emphasizes the urgent need to determine optimal treatment strategies for advanced and recurrent cases. Our study investigates the interplay between estrogens and chemoresistance in HGSOC and shows clear differences between platinum-sensitive and -resistant tumors. Through comprehensive transcriptome analyzes, we uncover differences in the expression of genes of estrogen biosynthesis, metabolism, transport and action underlying platinum resistance in different tissues of HGSOC subtypes and in six HGSOC cell lines. Furthermore, we identify genes involved in estrogen biosynthesis and metabolism as prognostic biomarkers for HGSOC. Additionally, our study elucidates different patterns of estrogen formation/metabolism and their effects on cell proliferation between six HGSOC cell lines with different platinum sensitivity. These results emphasize the dynamic interplay between estrogens and HGSOC chemoresistance. In particular, targeting the activity of steroid sulfatase (STS) proves to be a promising therapeutic approach with potential efficacy in limiting estrogen-driven cell proliferation. Our study reveals potential prognostic markers as well as identifies novel therapeutic targets that show promise for overcoming resistance and improving treatment outcomes in HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Marolt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Renata Pavlič
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Tinkara Kreft
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Marija Gjogorska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Tea Lanišnik Rižner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
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3
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Dareng EO, Coetzee SG, Tyrer JP, Peng PC, Rosenow W, Chen S, Davis BD, Dezem FS, Seo JH, Nameki R, Reyes AL, Aben KKH, Anton-Culver H, Antonenkova NN, Aravantinos G, Bandera EV, Beane Freeman LE, Beckmann MW, Beeghly-Fadiel A, Benitez J, Bernardini MQ, Bjorge L, Black A, Bogdanova NV, Bolton KL, Brenton JD, Budzilowska A, Butzow R, Cai H, Campbell I, Cannioto R, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Chen K, Chenevix-Trench G, Chiew YE, Cook LS, DeFazio A, Dennis J, Doherty JA, Dörk T, du Bois A, Dürst M, Eccles DM, Ene G, Fasching PA, Flanagan JM, Fortner RT, Fostira F, Gentry-Maharaj A, Giles GG, Goodman MT, Gronwald J, Haiman CA, Håkansson N, Heitz F, Hildebrandt MAT, Høgdall E, Høgdall CK, Huang RY, Jensen A, Jones ME, Kang D, Karlan BY, Karnezis AN, Kelemen LE, Kennedy CJ, Khusnutdinova EK, Kiemeney LA, Kjaer SK, Kupryjanczyk J, Labrie M, Lambrechts D, Larson MC, Le ND, Lester J, Li L, Lubiński J, Lush M, Marks JR, Matsuo K, May T, McLaughlin JR, McNeish IA, Menon U, Missmer S, Modugno F, Moffitt M, Monteiro AN, Moysich KB, Narod SA, Nguyen-Dumont T, Odunsi K, Olsson H, Onland-Moret NC, Park SK, Pejovic T, Permuth JB, Piskorz A, Prokofyeva D, Riggan MJ, Risch HA, Rodríguez-Antona C, Rossing MA, Sandler DP, Setiawan VW, Shan K, Song H, Southey MC, Steed H, Sutphen R, Swerdlow AJ, Teo SH, Terry KL, Thompson PJ, Vestrheim Thomsen LC, Titus L, Trabert B, Travis R, Tworoger SS, Valen E, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Edwards DV, Vierkant RA, Webb PM, Weinberg CR, Weise RM, Wentzensen N, White E, Winham SJ, Wolk A, Woo YL, Wu AH, Yan L, Yannoukakos D, Zeinomar N, Zheng W, Ziogas A, Berchuck A, Goode EL, Huntsman DG, Pearce CL, Ramus SJ, Sellers TA, Freedman ML, Lawrenson K, Schildkraut JM, Hazelett D, Plummer JT, Kar S, Jones MR, Pharoah PDP, Gayther SA. Integrative multi-omics analyses to identify the genetic and functional mechanisms underlying ovarian cancer risk regions. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:1061-1083. [PMID: 38723632 PMCID: PMC11179261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
To identify credible causal risk variants (CCVs) associated with different histotypes of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), we performed genome-wide association analysis for 470,825 genotyped and 10,163,797 imputed SNPs in 25,981 EOC cases and 105,724 controls of European origin. We identified five histotype-specific EOC risk regions (p value <5 × 10-8) and confirmed previously reported associations for 27 risk regions. Conditional analyses identified an additional 11 signals independent of the primary signal at six risk regions (p value <10-5). Fine mapping identified 4,008 CCVs in these regions, of which 1,452 CCVs were located in ovarian cancer-related chromatin marks with significant enrichment in active enhancers, active promoters, and active regions for CCVs from each EOC histotype. Transcriptome-wide association and colocalization analyses across histotypes using tissue-specific and cross-tissue datasets identified 86 candidate susceptibility genes in known EOC risk regions and 32 genes in 23 additional genomic regions that may represent novel EOC risk loci (false discovery rate <0.05). Finally, by integrating genome-wide HiChIP interactome analysis with transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS), variant effect predictor, transcription factor ChIP-seq, and motifbreakR data, we identified candidate gene-CCV interactions at each locus. This included risk loci where TWAS identified one or more candidate susceptibility genes (e.g., HOXD-AS2, HOXD8, and HOXD3 at 2q31) and other loci where no candidate gene was identified (e.g., MYC and PVT1 at 8q24) by TWAS. In summary, this study describes a functional framework and provides a greater understanding of the biological significance of risk alleles and candidate gene targets at EOC susceptibility loci identified by a genome-wide association study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen O Dareng
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon G Coetzee
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics and the Cedars Sinai Genomics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Tyrer
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pei-Chen Peng
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics and the Cedars Sinai Genomics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Will Rosenow
- 3Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stephanie Chen
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics and the Cedars Sinai Genomics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Applied Genomics, Computation and Translational Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian D Davis
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics and the Cedars Sinai Genomics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Applied Genomics, Computation and Translational Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Felipe Segato Dezem
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics and the Cedars Sinai Genomics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ji-Heui Seo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; The Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robbin Nameki
- Women's Cancer Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alberto L Reyes
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics and the Cedars Sinai Genomics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katja K H Aben
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Medicine, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Natalia N Antonenkova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | - Elisa V Bandera
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Laura E Beane Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcus Q Bernardini
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Line Bjorge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kelly L Bolton
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - James D Brenton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Agnieszka Budzilowska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ralf Butzow
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ian Campbell
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rikki Cannioto
- Cancer Pathology & Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kexin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yoke-Eng Chiew
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Linda S Cook
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA; Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anna DeFazio
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer A Doherty
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas du Bois
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology; HSK, Dr. Horst-Schmidt Klinik, Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany; Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Evangelische Kliniken Essen-Mitte (KEM), Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Dürst
- Department of Gynaecology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Diana M Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Gabrielle Ene
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - James M Flanagan
- Division of Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Renée T Fortner
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florentia Fostira
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Athens, Greece
| | - Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials & Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Marc T Goodman
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Niclas Håkansson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Florian Heitz
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology; HSK, Dr. Horst-Schmidt Klinik, Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany; Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Evangelische Kliniken Essen-Mitte (KEM), Essen, Germany; Center for Pathology, Evangelische Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Estrid Høgdall
- Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus K Høgdall
- Department of Gynaecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruea-Yea Huang
- Center For Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Allan Jensen
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael E Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony N Karnezis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Linda E Kelemen
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Catherine J Kennedy
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elza K Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia; Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne K Kjaer
- Department of Gynaecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marilyne Labrie
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, FMSS - Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Melissa C Larson
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nhu D Le
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jenny Lester
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Michael Lush
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeffrey R Marks
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taymaa May
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John R McLaughlin
- Public Health Ontario, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Iain A McNeish
- Division of Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Usha Menon
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials & Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stacey Missmer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Women's Cancer Research Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute and Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Melissa Moffitt
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Alvaro N Monteiro
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tu Nguyen-Dumont
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - N Charlotte Onland-Moret
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Utrecht, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sue K Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tanja Pejovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jennifer B Permuth
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Anna Piskorz
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Darya Prokofyeva
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Marjorie J Riggan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Antona
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - V Wendy Setiawan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kang Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hebei Medical University, Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Honglin Song
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Steed
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Section of Gynecologic Oncology Surgery, Alberta Health Services, North Zone, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rebecca Sutphen
- Epidemiology Center, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Anthony J Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Soo Hwang Teo
- Breast Cancer Research Programme, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kathryn L Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gyneoclogy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pamela J Thompson
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cancer Prevention and Genetics Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liv Cecilie Vestrheim Thomsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Linda Titus
- Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Britton Trabert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ruth Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ellen Valen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Els Van Nieuwenhuysen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Digna Velez Edwards
- Division of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Women's Health Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert A Vierkant
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Penelope M Webb
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Clarice R Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Rayna Matsuno Weise
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emily White
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stacey J Winham
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Computational Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yin-Ling Woo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Malaya Medical Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Athens, Greece
| | - Nur Zeinomar
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Medicine, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David G Huntsman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Celeste L Pearce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Susan J Ramus
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of NSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of NSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Matthew L Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; The Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kate Lawrenson
- Women's Cancer Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joellen M Schildkraut
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dennis Hazelett
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, The Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Biology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jasmine T Plummer
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics and the Cedars Sinai Genomics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Applied Genomics, Computation and Translational Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Siddhartha Kar
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Section of Translational Epidemiology, Division of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michelle R Jones
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics and the Cedars Sinai Genomics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics and the Cedars Sinai Genomics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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4
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Micek HM, Yang N, Dutta M, Rosenstock L, Ma Y, Hielsberg C, McCord M, Notbohm J, McGregor S, Kreeger PK. The role of Piezo1 mechanotransduction in high-grade serous ovarian cancer: Insights from an in vitro model of collective detachment. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl4463. [PMID: 38669327 PMCID: PMC11051664 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl4463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Slowing peritoneal spread in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) would improve patient prognosis and quality of life. HGSOC spreads when single cells and spheroids detach, float through the peritoneal fluid and take over new sites, with spheroids thought to be more aggressive than single cells. Using our in vitro model of spheroid collective detachment, we determine that increased substrate stiffness led to the detachment of more spheroids. We identified a mechanism where Piezo1 activity increased MMP-1/MMP-10, decreased collagen I and fibronectin, and increased spheroid detachment. Piezo1 expression was confirmed in omental masses from patients with stage III/IV HGSOC. Using OV90 and CRISPR-modified PIEZO1-/- OV90 in a mouse xenograft model, we determined that while both genotypes efficiently took over the omentum, loss of Piezo1 significantly decreased ascitic volume, tumor spheroids in the ascites, and the number of macroscopic tumors in the mesentery. These results support that slowing collective detachment may benefit patients and identify Piezo1 as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. Micek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Mayuri Dutta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Lauren Rosenstock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Yicheng Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Caitlin Hielsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Molly McCord
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Biophysics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jacob Notbohm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Biophysics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Stephanie McGregor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Pamela K. Kreeger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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5
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Waters JA, Robinson M, Lujano-Olazaba O, Lucht C, Gilbert SF, House CD. Omental preadipocytes stimulate matrix remodeling and IGF signaling to support ovarian cancer metastasis. Cancer Res 2024; 84:743101. [PMID: 38635891 PMCID: PMC11217736 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-2613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer can metastasize to the omentum, which is associated with a complex tumor microenvironment. Omental stromal cells facilitate ovarian cancer colonization by secreting cytokines and growth factors. Improved understanding of the tumor supportive functions of specific cell populations in the omentum could identify strategies to prevent and treat ovarian cancer metastasis. Here, we showed that omental preadipocytes enhance the tumor initiation capacity of ovarian cancer cells. Secreted factors from preadipocytes supported cancer cell viability during nutrient and isolation stress and enabled prolonged proliferation. Co-culturing with pre-adipocytes led to upregulation of genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, cellular response to stress, and regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling in ovarian cancer cells. IGF-1 induced ECM genes and increased alternative NF-κB signaling by activating RelB. Inhibiting the IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) initially increased tumor omental adhesion but decreased growth of established preadipocyte-induced subcutaneous tumors as well as established intraperitoneal tumors. Together, this study shows that omental preadipocytes support ovarian cancer progression, which has implications for targeting metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Waters
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.
| | - Mikella Robinson
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.
| | | | - Cassidy Lucht
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.
| | - Samuel F. Gilbert
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.
| | - Carrie D. House
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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6
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Zuo L, Tan Y, Xu QL, Li XL, Xiao M. Circ-RNF111 Promotes Proliferation of Ovarian Cancer Cell SKOV-3 by Targeting the MiR-556-5p/CCND1 Axis. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10665-0. [PMID: 38376577 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10665-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of circ-RNF111 in the human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV-3. First, qRT-PCR was used to detect circ-RNF111 and miR-556-5p expression levels in human normal ovarian epithelial cells IOSE80 and human ovarian cancer cells SKOV-3. CCK-8 and colony formation assays were adopted to determine the proliferation rate and cell viability of SKOV-3 cells, respectively. Additionally, in an attempt to reveal the mechanism of circ-RNF111, we predicted the targeting relationship between miR-556-5p and circ-RNF111 as well as miR-556-5p and CCND1 using the circinteractome and TargetScan databases, respectively, and validated their relationship by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The protein expression levels of CCND1 in SKOV-3 cells were detected by Western blot. Based on the above experiments, the expression of circ-RNF111 was found to be up-regulated in SKOV-3, and the knockdown of circ-RNF111 significantly inhibited the proliferation and viability of SKOV-3 cells. Then we confirmed that circ-RNF111 sponged miR-556-5p in SKOV-3 cells to up-regulate CCND1 expression. In addition, simultaneous inhibition of miR-556-5p or overexpression of CCND1 in SKOV-3 cells with knockdown of circ-RNF111 reversed the inhibitory effect of knockdown of circ-RNF111 on the protein expression level of CCND1, cell proliferation rate, and cell viability. In summary, circ-RNF111 promotes the proliferation of SKOV-3 cells by targeting the miR-556-5p/CCND1 axis. Circ-RNF111 may serve as a potential target for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zuo
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Minhang Branch, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yue Tan
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Minhang Branch, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qiao-Ling Xu
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Minhang Branch, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Minhang Branch, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mi Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Minhang Branch, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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7
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Munoz AM, Urak R, Taus E, Hsieh HJ, Awuah D, Vyas V, Lim L, Jin K, Lin SH, Priceman SJ, Clark MC, Goldberg L, Forman SJ, Wang X. Dexamethasone potentiates chimeric antigen receptor T cell persistence and function by enhancing IL-7Rα expression. Mol Ther 2024; 32:527-539. [PMID: 38140726 PMCID: PMC10861975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dexamethasone (dex) is a glucocorticoid that is a mainstay for the treatment of inflammatory pathologies, including immunotherapy-associated toxicities, yet the specific impact of dex on the activity of CAR T cells is not fully understood. We assessed whether dex treatment given ex vivo or as an adjuvant in vivo with CAR T cells impacted the phenotype or function of CAR T cells. We demonstrated that CAR T cell expansion and function were not inhibited by dex. We confirmed this observation using multiple CAR constructs and tumor models, suggesting that this is a general phenomenon. Moreover, we determined that dex upregulated interleukin-7 receptor α on CAR T cells and increased the expression of genes involved in activation, migration, and persistence when supplemented ex vivo. Direct delivery of dex and IL-7 into tumor-bearing mice resulted in increased persistence of adoptively transferred CAR T cells and complete tumor regression. Overall, our studies provide insight into the use of dex to enhance CAR T cell therapy and represent potential novel strategies for augmenting CAR T cell function during production as well as following infusion into patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlie M Munoz
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ryan Urak
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ellie Taus
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Hui-Ju Hsieh
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Dennis Awuah
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Vibhuti Vyas
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Laura Lim
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Katherine Jin
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Shu-Hong Lin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Saul J Priceman
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Mary C Clark
- Department of Clinical Translational Project Development, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Lior Goldberg
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Stephen J Forman
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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8
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Ward AS, Hall CN, Tree MO, Kohtz DS. Spheroid architecture strongly enhances miR-221/222 expression and promotes oxidative phosphorylation in an ovarian cancer cell line through a mechanism that includes restriction of miR-9 expression. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:275. [PMID: 38310615 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor cell spheroids are organized multicellular structures that form during the expansive growth of carcinoma cells. Spheroids formation is thought to contribute to metastasis by supporting growth and survival of mobile tumor cell populations. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated how spheroid architecture affects OXPHOS activity, microRNA expression, and intraperitoneal survival of an ovarian carcinoma cell line using high resolution respirometry, quantitative RT-PCR, and a rodent intraperitoneal growth model. Rates of oxidative phosphorylation/respiration per cell of cells growing as spheroids were nearly double those of a variant of the same cell type growing in suspension as loosely aggregated cells. Further, inhibition of spheroid formation by treatment with CDH2 (N-cadherin) siRNA reduced the rate of OXPHOS to that of the non-spheroid forming variant. Cells growing as spheroids showed greatly enhanced expression of miR-221/222, an oncomiR that targets multiple tumor suppressor genes and promotes invasion, and reduced expression of miR-9, which targets mitochondrial tRNA-modification enzymes and inhibits OXPHOS. Consistent with greater efficiency of ATP generation, tumor cells growing as spheroids injected into the nutrient-poor murine peritoneum survived longer than cells growing in suspension as loosely associated aggregates. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that growth in spheroid form enhances the OXPHOS activity of constituent tumor cells. In addition, spheroid architecture affects expression of microRNA genes involved in growth control and mitochondrial function. During the mobile phase of metastasis, when ovarian tumor cells disperse through nutrient-poor environments such as the peritoneum, enhanced OXPHOS activity afforded by spheroid architecture would enhance survival and metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery S Ward
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Cody N Hall
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55901, USA
| | - Maya O Tree
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - D Stave Kohtz
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA.
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9
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Ma M, Li M, Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Wu F, Wang Z, Feng Y, Chiang HY, Patankar MS, Chang C, Li L. 6-Plex mdSUGAR Isobaric-Labeling Guide Fingerprint Embedding for Glycomics Analysis. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17637-17645. [PMID: 37982459 PMCID: PMC10794169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Glycans are vital biomolecules with diverse functions in biological processes. Mass spectrometry (MS) has become the most widely employed technology for glycomics studies. However, in the traditional data-dependent acquisition mode, only a subset of the abundant ions during MS1 scans are isolated and fragmented in subsequent MS2 events, which reduces reproducibility and prevents the measurement of low-abundance glycan species. Here, we reported a new method termed 6-plex mdSUGAR isobaric-labeling guide fingerprint embedding (MAGNI), to achieve multiplexed, quantitative, and targeted glycan analysis. The glycan peak signature was embedded by a triplicate-labeling strategy with a 6-plex mdSUGAR tag, and using ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometers, the low-abundance glycans that carry the mass fingerprints can be recognized on the MS1 spectra through an in-house developed software tool, MAGNIFinder. These embedded unique fingerprints can guide the selection and fragmentation of targeted precursor ions and further provide rich information on glycan structures. Quantitative analysis of two standard glycoproteins demonstrated the accuracy and precision of MAGNI. Using this approach, we identified 304 N-glycans in two ovarian cancer cell lines. Among them, 65 unique N-glycans were found differentially expressed, which indicates a distinct glycosylation pattern for each cell line. Remarkably, 31 N-glycans can be quantified in only 1 × 103 cells, demonstrating the high sensitivity of our method. Taken together, our MAGNI method offers a useful tool for low-abundance N-glycan characterization and is capable of determining small quantitative differences in N-glycan profiling. Therefore, it will be beneficial to the field of glycobiology and will expand our understanding of glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ma
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Miyang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Yinlong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory on Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Yingyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Feixuan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Zicong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Yu Feng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Hung-Yu Chiang
- Biophysics Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Manish S. Patankar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Cheng Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
- Research Unit of Proteomics Driven Cancer Precision Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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10
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Canato E, Grigoletto A, Zanotto I, Tedeschini T, Campara B, Quaglio G, Toffoli G, Mandracchia D, Dinarello A, Tiso N, Argenton F, Sayaf K, Guido M, Gabbia D, De Martin S, Pasut G. Anti-HER2 Super Stealth Immunoliposomes for Targeted-Chemotherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301650. [PMID: 37590033 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes play an important role in the field of drug delivery by virtue of their biocompatibility and versatility as carriers. Stealth liposomes, obtained by surface decoration with hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules, represent an important turning point in liposome technology, leading to significant improvements in the pharmacokinetic profile compared to naked liposomes. Nevertheless, the generation of effective targeted liposomes-a central issue for cancer therapy-has faced several difficulties and clinical phase failures. Active targeting remains a challenge for liposomes. In this direction, a new Super Stealth Immunoliposomes (SSIL2) composed of a PEG-bi-phospholipids derivative is designed that stabilizes the polymer shielding over the liposomes. Furthermore, its counterpart, conjugated to the fragment antigen-binding of trastuzumab (Fab'TRZ -PEG-bi-phospholipids), is firmly anchored on the liposomes surface and correctly orients outward the targeting moiety. Throughout this study, the performances of SSIL2 are evaluated and compared to classic stealth liposomes and stealth immunoliposomes in vitro in a panel of cell lines and in vivo studies in zebrafish larvae and rodent models. Overall, SSIL2 shows superior in vitro and in vivo outcomes, both in terms of safety and anticancer efficacy, thus representing a step forward in targeted cancer therapy, and valuable for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Canato
- Department Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Antonella Grigoletto
- Department Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zanotto
- Department Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Tommaso Tedeschini
- Department Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Benedetta Campara
- Department Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Giovanna Quaglio
- Department Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini n. 2, Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Delia Mandracchia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Alberto Dinarello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Natascia Tiso
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Francesco Argenton
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Katia Sayaf
- Department Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Maria Guido
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padua, 35128, Italy
- Department of Pathology, Azienda ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, 31100, Italy
| | - Daniela Gabbia
- Department Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Sara De Martin
- Department Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pasut
- Department Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, Padova, 35131, Italy
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11
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Harrington BS, Kamdar R, Ning F, Korrapati S, Caminear MW, Hernandez LF, Butcher D, Edmondson EF, Traficante N, Hendley J, Gough M, Rogers R, Lourie R, Shetty J, Tran B, Elloumi F, Abdelmaksoud A, Nag ML, Mazan-Mamczarz K, House CD, Hooper JD, Annunziata CM. UGDH promotes tumor-initiating cells and a fibroinflammatory tumor microenvironment in ovarian cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:270. [PMID: 37858159 PMCID: PMC10585874 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02820-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a global health burden, with the poorest five-year survival rate of the gynecological malignancies due to diagnosis at advanced stage and high recurrence rate. Recurrence in EOC is driven by the survival of chemoresistant, stem-like tumor-initiating cells (TICs) that are supported by a complex extracellular matrix and immunosuppressive microenvironment. To target TICs to prevent recurrence, we identified genes critical for TIC viability from a whole genome siRNA screen. A top hit was the cancer-associated, proteoglycan subunit synthesis enzyme UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH). METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to characterize UGDH expression in histological and molecular subtypes of EOC. EOC cell lines were subtyped according to the molecular subtypes and the functional effects of modulating UGDH expression in vitro and in vivo in C1/Mesenchymal and C4/Differentiated subtype cell lines was examined. RESULTS High UGDH expression was observed in high-grade serous ovarian cancers and a distinctive survival prognostic for UGDH expression was revealed when serous cancers were stratified by molecular subtype. High UGDH was associated with a poor prognosis in the C1/Mesenchymal subtype and low UGDH was associated with poor prognosis in the C4/Differentiated subtype. Knockdown of UGDH in the C1/mesenchymal molecular subtype reduced spheroid formation and viability and reduced the CD133 + /ALDH high TIC population. Conversely, overexpression of UGDH in the C4/Differentiated subtype reduced the TIC population. In co-culture models, UGDH expression in spheroids affected the gene expression of mesothelial cells causing changes to matrix remodeling proteins, and fibroblast collagen production. Inflammatory cytokine expression of spheroids was altered by UGDH expression. The effect of UGDH knockdown or overexpression in the C1/ Mesenchymal and C4/Differentiated subtypes respectively was tested on mouse intrabursal xenografts and showed dynamic changes to the tumor stroma. Knockdown of UGDH improved survival and reduced tumor burden in C1/Mesenchymal compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS These data show that modulation of UGDH expression in ovarian cancer reveals distinct roles for UGDH in the C1/Mesenchymal and C4/Differentiated molecular subtypes of EOC, influencing the tumor microenvironmental composition. UGDH is a strong potential therapeutic target in TICs, for the treatment of EOC, particularly in patients with the mesenchymal molecular subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney S Harrington
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rahul Kamdar
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Franklin Ning
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Soumya Korrapati
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michael W Caminear
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lidia F Hernandez
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Donna Butcher
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Elijah F Edmondson
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Nadia Traficante
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joy Hendley
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Madeline Gough
- Mater Brisbane Hospital, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Rebecca Rogers
- Mater Brisbane Hospital, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Rohan Lourie
- Mater Brisbane Hospital, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Jyoti Shetty
- CCR Sequencing Facility, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Bao Tran
- CCR Sequencing Facility, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Fathi Elloumi
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (CCBR), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Abdalla Abdelmaksoud
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (CCBR), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Madhu Lal Nag
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (CCBR), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Krystyna Mazan-Mamczarz
- Functional Genomics Lab, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Carrie D House
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Present address: Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - John D Hooper
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Christina M Annunziata
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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12
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Gogoi RP, Galoforo S, Fox A, Morris C, Ramos H, Gogoi VK, Chehade H, Adzibolosu NK, Shi C, Zhang J, Tedja R, Morris R, Alvero AB, Mor G. A Novel Role of Connective Tissue Growth Factor in the Regulation of the Epithelial Phenotype. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4834. [PMID: 37835529 PMCID: PMC10571845 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process where epithelial cells lose their adhesive properties and gain invasive, metastatic, and mesenchymal properties. Maintaining the balance between the epithelial and mesenchymal stage is essential for tissue homeostasis. Many of the genes promoting mesenchymal transformation have been identified; however, our understanding of the genes responsible for maintaining the epithelial phenotype is limited. Our objective was to identify the genes responsible for maintaining the epithelial phenotype and inhibiting EMT. METHODS RNA seq was performed using an vitro model of EMT. CTGF expression was determined via qPCR and Western blot analysis. The knockout of CTGF was completed using the CTGF sgRNA CRISPR/CAS9. The tumorigenic potential was determined using NCG mice. RESULTS The knockout of CTGF in epithelial ovarian cancer cells leads to the acquisition of functional characteristics associated with the mesenchymal phenotype such as anoikis resistance, cytoskeleton remodeling, increased cell stiffness, and the acquisition of invasion and tumorigenic capacity. CONCLUSIONS We identified CTGF is an important regulator of the epithelial phenotype, and its loss is associated with the early cellular modifications required for EMT. We describe a novel role for CTGF, regulating cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix interactions necessary for the conservation of epithelial structure and function. These findings provide a new window into understanding the early stages of mesenchymal transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika P. Gogoi
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, 4100 John R St, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
| | - Sandra Galoforo
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (S.G.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (H.R.); (V.K.G.); (H.C.); (N.K.A.); (R.T.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Alexandra Fox
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (S.G.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (H.R.); (V.K.G.); (H.C.); (N.K.A.); (R.T.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Colton Morris
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (S.G.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (H.R.); (V.K.G.); (H.C.); (N.K.A.); (R.T.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Harry Ramos
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (S.G.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (H.R.); (V.K.G.); (H.C.); (N.K.A.); (R.T.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Vir K. Gogoi
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (S.G.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (H.R.); (V.K.G.); (H.C.); (N.K.A.); (R.T.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Hussein Chehade
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (S.G.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (H.R.); (V.K.G.); (H.C.); (N.K.A.); (R.T.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Nicholas K. Adzibolosu
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (S.G.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (H.R.); (V.K.G.); (H.C.); (N.K.A.); (R.T.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Chenjun Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (C.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jitao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (C.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Roslyn Tedja
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (S.G.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (H.R.); (V.K.G.); (H.C.); (N.K.A.); (R.T.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Robert Morris
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, 4100 John R St, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
| | - Ayesha B. Alvero
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (S.G.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (H.R.); (V.K.G.); (H.C.); (N.K.A.); (R.T.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Gil Mor
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (S.G.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (H.R.); (V.K.G.); (H.C.); (N.K.A.); (R.T.); (A.B.A.)
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13
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Wojtowicz K, Świerczewska M, Nowicki M, Januchowski R. The TGFBI gene and protein expression in topotecan resistant ovarian cancer cell lines. Adv Med Sci 2023; 68:379-385. [PMID: 37806183 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary limiting factor in achieving cures for patients with cancer, particularly ovarian cancer, is drug resistance. The mechanisms of drug resistance of cancer cells during chemotherapy may include compounds of the extracellular matrix, such as the transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein (TGFBI). In this study, we aimed to analyze the TGFBI gene and protein expression in different sensitive and drug-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines, as well as test if TGFBI can be involved in the response to topotecan (TOP) at the very early stages of treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we conducted a detailed analysis of TGFBI expression in different ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780, A2780TR1, A2780TR2, W1, W1TR, SKOV-3, PEA1, PEA2 and PEO23). The level of TGFBI mRNA (QPCR), intracellular and extracellular protein (Western blot analysis) were assessed in this study. RESULTS We observed upregulation of TGFBI mRNA in drug-resistant cell lines and estrogen-receptor positive cell lines, which was supported by overexpression of both intracellular and extracellular TGFBI protein. We also showed the TGFBI expression after a short period of treatment of sensitive ovarian cancer cell lines with TOP. CONCLUSION The expression of TGFBI in ovarian cancer cell lines suggests its role in the development of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wojtowicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Monika Świerczewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Nowicki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Radosław Januchowski
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
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14
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Brubaker LW, Backos DS, Nguyen VT, Reigan P, Yamamoto TM, Woodruff ER, Iwanaga R, Wempe MF, Kumar V, Persenaire C, Watson ZL, Bitler BG. Novel chromobox 2 inhibitory peptide decreases tumor progression. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37243607 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2218614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Polycomb Repressor Complex 1 (PRC1) is an epigenetic regulator of differentiation and development, consisting of multiple subunits including RING1, BMI1, and Chromobox. The composition of PRC1 dictates its function and aberrant expression of specific subunits contributes to several diseases including cancer. Specifically, the reader protein Chromobox2 (CBX2) recognizes the repressive modifications including histone H3 lysine 27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3) and H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2). CBX2 is overexpressed in several cancers compared to the non-transformed cell counterparts, it promotes both cancer progression and chemotherapy resistance. Thus, inhibiting the reader function of CBX2 is an attractive and unique anti-cancer approach. RESEARCH DESIGN & METHODS Compared with other CBX family members, CBX2 has a unique A/T-hook DNA binding domain that is juxtaposed to the chromodomain (CD). Using a computational approach, we constructed a homology model of CBX2 encompassing the CD and A/T hook domain. We used the model as a basis for peptide design and identified blocking peptides that are predicted to directly bind the CD and A/T-hook regions of CBX2. These peptides were tested in vitro and in vivo models. CONCLUSION The CBX2 blocking peptide significantly inhibited both 2D and 3D growth of ovarian cancer cells, downregulated a CBX2 target gene, and blunted tumor growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay W Brubaker
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Donald S Backos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vu T Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Philip Reigan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tomomi M Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Woodruff
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ritsuko Iwanaga
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael F Wempe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christianne Persenaire
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Zachary L Watson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Benjamin G Bitler
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
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15
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Huang J, Zhou H, Tan C, Mo S, Liu T, Kuang Y. The overexpression of actin related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B(ARPC1B) promotes the ovarian cancer progression via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1182677. [PMID: 37304283 PMCID: PMC10247967 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1182677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ovarian cancer is one of the most fatal malignancies of the female reproductive system. The purpose of this study is to explore the mechanism of Actin Related Protein 2/3 Complex Subunit 1B(ARPC1B) in the progression of ovarian cancer. Methods The expressions and prognostic value of ARPC1B in ovarian cancer were identified using the GEPIA database and the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database. The expression of ARPC1B was manipulated to evaluate its impact on the malignant phenotypes of ovarian cancer. The cell proliferation ability was analyzed through CCK-8 assay and clone formation assay. The cell migration and invasion capacity was evaluated through wound healing assay and trans well assay. Mice xenografts were conducted to measure the effects of ARPC1B on tumor development in vivo. Results Our data suggested that ARPC1B was overexpressed in ovarian cancer, which was correlated with a poorer survival compared to low mRNA expression of ARPC1B in ovarian cancer patients. The overexpression of ARPC1B promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. Conversely, the knockdown of ARPC1B resulted in the opposite effect. Additionally, ARPC1B expression could activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The administration of the β-catenin inhibitor XAV-939 abolished the promotion of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion activities induced by ARPC1B overexpression in vitro. Conclusions ARPC1B was overexpressed in ovarian cancer and was correlated with poor prognosis. ARPC1B promoted ovarian cancer progression through activation of Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway.
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Xie H, Chen J, Ma C, Zhao J, Cui M. UBP43 promotes epithelial ovarian carcinogenesis via activation of β-catenin signaling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2023. [PMID: 37186433 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the deubiquitinating protease, UBP43, has been implicated in many human diseases, including cancer. Here, we evaluated the functional significance and mechanism of action of UBP43 in epithelial ovarian cancer. We found that UBP43 was significantly upregulated in the tumor tissues of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Similar results were observed in OVCAR-3, Caov-3, TOV-112D, A2780, and SK-OV-3 cells. Furthermore, in vitro functional assays of A2780 and TOV-112D cells demonstrated that UBP43 overexpression promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Upregulation of UBP43 might result in epithelial-mesenchymal transition by inducing the nuclear transport of β-catenin, which was accompanied by enhanced N-cadherin but decreased E-cadherin expression. These malignant phenotypes were reversed by UBP43 silencing. Further investigation revealed that the knockdown of UBP43 inhibited cell proliferation by inducing a cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. The oncogenic characteristics of UBP43 were validated in a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model. In vivo, tumor growth was delayed in the UBP43-silenced group but accelerated after UBP43 overexpression. Finally, we demonstrated that β-catenin is a key protein in the UBP43-mediated malignant development of epithelial ovarian cancer. Specifically, overexpression of UBP43 decreased the ubiquitination degradation of β-catenin and enhanced its protein stability. Also, we observed that the downstream genes of beta-catenin such as cyclin D1, MMP2, and MMP9 were upregulated due to UBP43 overexpression. Thus, we concluded that UBP43 promoted epithelial ovarian cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis through activation of the β-catenin pathway, suggesting that UBP43 may be a potential therapeutic target for this intractable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Junyu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Changyan Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Manhua Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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17
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Li B, Ding Z, Calbay O, Li Y, Li T, Jin L, Huang S. FAP is critical for ovarian cancer cell survival by sustaining NF-κB activation through recruitment of PRKDC in lipid rafts. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:608-621. [PMID: 36494579 PMCID: PMC10498436 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00575-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is tumor-specific and plays an important role in tumorigenecity. However, agents against its enzymatic activity or extracellular presence were unsuccessful in the clinic for undefined reasons. Here we show that FAP expression is higher in advanced ovarian cancer and is only detected in invasive ovarian cancer cells. Silencing FAP induces apoptosis and FAP's enzymatic activity is dispensable for cell survival. To elucidate the cause of apoptosis, we find that NF-κB activity is diminished when FAP is depleted and BIRC5 (survivin) acts downstream of FAP-NF-κB axis to promote cell survival. To uncover the link between FAP and NF-κB activation, we reveal that PRKDC (DNA-PK, DNA-dependent protein kinase) forms complex with FAP and is required for NF-κB activation and cell survival. Remarkably, FAP-PRKDC interaction occurs only in lipid rafts, and depleting FAP prevents lipid raft localization of PRKDC. Given the known ability of PRKDC to direct NF-κB activation, these results suggest that FAP recruits PRKDC in lipid rafts for NF-κB activation. FAP's non-enzymatic role and functioning from lipid rafts for cell survival also offer an explanation on the failure of past FAP-targeted therapies. Finally, we demonstrate that EpCAM aptamer-delivered FAP siRNA impeded intraperitoneal xenograft development of ovary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Zuo Ding
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Ozlem Calbay
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Lingtao Jin
- Deparment of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78245, USA
| | - Shuang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Zhu H, Chen Q, Zhao L, Hu P. Targeting ATP Synthase by Bedaquiline as a Therapeutic Strategy to Sensitize Ovarian Cancer to Cisplatin. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:1271-1280. [PMID: 36880762 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2023.2180825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a common chemotherapeutic drug for treating ovarian cancer, but its clinical efficacy is hampered by intrinsic and acquired resistance. Previous studies had shown inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation overcomes cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer. Studies reveal that bedaquiline, a clinically available antimicrobial drug, inhibits cancer via targeting mitochondria. This study systematically assessed the efficacy of bedaquiline in ovarian cancer and its underlying mechanism. Using a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines and normal ovary cells, we demonstrated bedaquiline is selective for anti-ovarian cancer activities. Furthermore, the sensitivity varied among different ovarian cancer cell lines regardless of their sensitivity to cisplatin. Bedaquiline inhibited growth, survival and migration, through decreasing levels of ATP synthase subunit, complex V activity, mitochondrial respiration and ATP. We further found that ovarian cancer displayed increased levels of ATP, oxygen consumption rate (OCR), complex V activity and ATP synthase subunits compared to normal counterpart. Combination index analysis showed that bedaquiline and cisplatin is synergistic. Bedaquiline remarkably enhanced the efficacy of cisplatin in inhibiting ovarian cancer growth in mice. Our study provides evidence to repurpose bedaquiline for ovarian cancer treatment and suggests that ATP synthase is a selective target to overcome cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Qitian Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Lingling Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Pengchao Hu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
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Brown Y, Hua S, Tanwar PS. Extracellular Matrix in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer: Advances in Understanding of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Biology. Matrix Biol 2023; 118:16-46. [PMID: 36781087 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is notoriously known as the "silent killer" of post-menopausal women as it has an insidious progression and is the deadliest gynaecological cancer. Although a dual origin of HGSOC is now widely accepted, there is growing evidence that most cases of HGSOC originate from the fallopian tube epithelium. In this review, we will address the fallopian tube origin and involvement of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in HGSOC development. There is limited research on the role of ECM at the earliest stages of HGSOC carcinogenesis. Here we aim to synthesise current understanding on the contribution of ECM to each stage of HGSOC development and progression, beginning at serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) precursor lesions and proceeding across key events including dissemination of tumourigenic fallopian tube epithelial cells to the ovary, survival of these cells in peritoneal fluid as multicellular aggregates, and colonisation of the ovary. Likewise, as part of the metastatic series of events, serous ovarian cancer cells survive travel in peritoneal fluid, attach to, migrate across the mesothelium and invade into the sub-mesothelial matrix of secondary sites in the peritoneal cavity. Halting cancer at the pre-metastatic stage and finding ways to stop the dissemination of ovarian cancer cells from the primary site is critical for improving patient survival. The development of drug resistance also contributes to poor survival statistics in HGSOC. In this review, we provide an update on the involvement of the ECM in metastasis and drug resistance in HGSOC. Interplay between different cell-types, growth factor gradients as well as evolving ECM composition and organisation, creates microenvironment conditions that promote metastatic progression and drug resistance of ovarian cancer cells. By understanding ECM involvement in the carcinogenesis and chemoresistance of HGSOC, this may prompt ideas for further research for developing new early diagnostic tests and therapeutic strategies for HGSOC with the end goal of improving patient health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmin Brown
- Global Centre for Gynaecological Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.; Cancer Detection and Therapy Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia..
| | - Susan Hua
- Therapeutic Targeting Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.; Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Pradeep S Tanwar
- Global Centre for Gynaecological Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.; Cancer Detection and Therapy Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia..
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20
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Holmberg R, Robinson M, Gilbert SF, Lujano-Olazaba O, Waters JA, Kogan E, Velasquez CLR, Stevenson D, Cruz LS, Alexander LJ, Lara J, Mu EM, Camillo JR, Bitler BG, Huxford T, House CD. TWEAK-Fn14-RelB Signaling Cascade Promotes Stem Cell-like Features that Contribute to Post-Chemotherapy Ovarian Cancer Relapse. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:170-186. [PMID: 36214671 PMCID: PMC9890141 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Disease recurrence in high-grade serous ovarian cancer may be due to cancer stem-like cells (CSC) that are resistant to chemotherapy and capable of reestablishing heterogeneous tumors. The alternative NF-κB signaling pathway is implicated in this process; however, the mechanism is unknown. Here we show that TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and its receptor, Fn14, are strong inducers of alternative NF-κB signaling and are enriched in ovarian tumors following chemotherapy treatment. We further show that TWEAK enhances spheroid formation ability, asymmetric division capacity, and expression of SOX2 and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition genes VIM and ZEB1 in ovarian cancer cells, phenotypes that are enhanced when TWEAK is combined with carboplatin. Moreover, TWEAK in combination with chemotherapy induces expression of the CSC marker CD117 in CD117- cells. Blocking the TWEAK-Fn14-RelB signaling cascade with a small-molecule inhibitor of Fn14 prolongs survival following carboplatin chemotherapy in a mouse model of ovarian cancer. These data provide new insights into ovarian cancer CSC biology and highlight a signaling axis that should be explored for therapeutic development. IMPLICATIONS This study identifies a unique mechanism for the induction of ovarian cancer stem cells that may serve as a novel therapeutic target for preventing relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryne Holmberg
- Department of Chemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Mikella Robinson
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Samuel F. Gilbert
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | | | - Jennifer A. Waters
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Emily Kogan
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | | | - Denay Stevenson
- Department of Chemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Luisjesus S. Cruz
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Logan J. Alexander
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Jacqueline Lara
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Emily M. Mu
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | | | - Benjamin G. Bitler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Tom Huxford
- Department of Chemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Carrie D. House
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Corresponding Author: Carrie D. House, Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, Shiley Bioscience Center 2104, San Diego, CA 92182. Phone: 619-594-3053; E-mail:
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21
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Wang G, Ouyang B, Jing F, Dai X. GBA inhibition suppresses ovarian cancer growth, survival and receptor tyrosine kinase AXL-mediated signaling pathways. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 27:21-29. [PMID: 36575930 PMCID: PMC9806639 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2023.27.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The poor outcome of advanced ovarian cancer under conventional therapy necessitates new strategies to improve therapeutic efficacy. β-glucosidase (encoded by GBA) is a lysosomal enzyme and is involved in sphingolipids metabolism. Recent studies revealed that β-glucosidase plays a role in cancer development and chemoresistance. In this work, we systematically evaluated the expression and role of GBA in ovarian cancer. Our work demonstrates that inhibition of β-glucosidase has therapeutic potential for ovarian cancer. Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database, western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses of patient samples demonstrated that GBA mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly increased in ovarian cancer compared to normal tissues. Functional studies using gain-of- function and loss-of-function approaches demonstrated that GBA overexpression did not affect growth and migration but alleviated cisplatin's efficacy in ovarian cancer cells. In addition, GBA depletion resulted in growth inhibition, apoptosis induction, and enhancement of cisplatin's efficacy. Of note, we found that GBA inhibition specifically decreased receptor tyrosine kinase AXL level, leading to the suppression of AXL-mediated signaling pathways. Our data suggest that GBA represents a promising target to inhibit AXL signaling and overcome cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Wuhan Third Hospital-Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Baisha Ouyang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Taikang Tongji (Wuhan) Hospital, Wuhan 430050, China
| | - Fang Jing
- Department of Gynecology, Wuhan Third Hospital-Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dai
- Department of Gynecology, Wuhan Third Hospital-Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430064, China,Correspondence Xiaoyan Dai, E-mail:
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22
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Koc ZC, Sollars VE, Bou Zgheib N, Rankin GO, Koc EC. Evaluation of mitochondrial biogenesis and ROS generation in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1129352. [PMID: 36937395 PMCID: PMC10014927 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1129352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of death for women with cancer worldwide. Energy requirements for tumor growth in epithelial high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) are fulfilled by a combination of aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Although reduced OXPHOS activity has emerged as one of the significant contributors to tumor aggressiveness and chemoresistance, up-regulation of mitochondrial antioxidant capacity is required for matrix detachment and colonization into the peritoneal cavity to form malignant ascites in HGSOC patients. However, limited information is available about the mitochondrial biogenesis regulating OXPHOS capacity and generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) in HGSOC. Methods To evaluate the modulation of OXPHOS in HGSOC tumor samples and ovarian cancer cell lines, we performed proteomic analyses of proteins involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism and biogenesis and formation of mtROS by immunoblotting and flow cytometry, respectively. Results and discussion We determined that the increased steady-state expression levels of mitochondrial- and nuclear-encoded OXPHOS subunits were associated with increased mitochondrial biogenesis in HGSOC tumors and ovarian cancer cell lines. The more prominent increase in MT-COII expression was in agreement with significant increase in mitochondrial translation factors, TUFM and DARS2. On the other hand, the ovarian cancer cell lines with reduced OXPHOS subunit expression and mitochondrial translation generated the highest levels of mtROS and significantly reduced SOD2 expression. Evaluation of mitochondrial biogenesis suggested that therapies directed against mitochondrial targets, such as those involved in transcription and translation machineries, should be considered in addition to the conventional chemotherapies in HGSOC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep C. Koc
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Vincent E. Sollars
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Nadim Bou Zgheib
- Edwards Comprehensive Cancer Center, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Gary O. Rankin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Emine C. Koc
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
- *Correspondence: Emine C. Koc,
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23
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Samec T, Alatise KL, Boulos J, Gilmore S, Hazelton A, Coffin C, Alexander-Bryant A. Fusogenic peptide delivery of bioactive siRNAs targeting CSNK2A1 for treatment of ovarian cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 30:95-111. [PMID: 36213692 PMCID: PMC9530961 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has shown little improvement in survival among advanced-stage patients over the past decade. Current treatment strategies have been largely unsuccessful in treating advanced disease, with many patients experiencing systemic toxicity and drug-resistant metastatic cancer. This study evaluates novel fusogenic peptide carriers delivering short interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting casein kinase II, CSNK2A1, for reducing the aggressiveness of ovarian cancer. The peptides were designed to address two significant barriers to siRNA delivery: insufficient cellular uptake and endosomal entrapment. The three peptide variants developed, DIVA3, DIV3H, and DIV3W, were able to form monodisperse nanoparticle complexes with siRNA and protect siRNAs from serum and RNase degradation. Furthermore, DIV3W demonstrated optimal delivery of bioactive siRNAs into ovarian cancer cells with high cellular uptake efficiency and mediated up to 94% knockdown of CSNK2A1 mRNA compared with non-targeting siRNAs, resulting in decreased cell migration and recolonization in vitro. Intratumoral delivery of DIV3W-siCSNK2A1 complexes to subcutaneous ovarian tumors resulted in reduced CSNK2A1 mRNA and CK2α protein expression after 48 h and reduced tumor growth and migration in a 2-week multi-dosing regimen. These results demonstrate the potential of the DIV3W peptide to deliver bioactive siRNAs and confirms the role of CSNK2A1 in cell-cell communication and proliferation in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Samec
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 301 Rhodes Research Center, Clemson, SC 29634-0905, USA
| | - Kharimat Lora Alatise
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 301 Rhodes Research Center, Clemson, SC 29634-0905, USA
| | - Jessica Boulos
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 301 Rhodes Research Center, Clemson, SC 29634-0905, USA
| | - Serena Gilmore
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 301 Rhodes Research Center, Clemson, SC 29634-0905, USA
| | - Anthony Hazelton
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 301 Rhodes Research Center, Clemson, SC 29634-0905, USA
| | - Carleigh Coffin
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 301 Rhodes Research Center, Clemson, SC 29634-0905, USA
| | - Angela Alexander-Bryant
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 301 Rhodes Research Center, Clemson, SC 29634-0905, USA
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24
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Barbolina MV. Targeting Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau in Chemotherapy-Resistant Models of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4535. [PMID: 36139693 PMCID: PMC9496900 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapsed, recurrent, chemotherapy-resistant high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma is the deadliest stage of this disease. Expression of microtubule-associated protein tau (tau) has been linked to resistance to paclitaxel treatment. Here, I used models of platinum-resistant and created models of platinum/paclitaxel-resistant high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma to examine the impact of reducing tau expression on cell survival and tumor burden in cell culture and xenograft and syngeneic models of the disease. Tau was overexpressed in platinum/paclitaxel-resistant models; expression of phosphoSer396 and phosphoThr181 species was also found. A treatment with leucomethylene blue reduced the levels of tau in treated cells, was cytotoxic in cell cultures, and efficiently reduced the tumor burden in xenograft models. Furthermore, a combination of leucomethylene blue and paclitaxel synergized in eliminating cancer cells in cell culture and xenograft models. These findings underscore the feasibility of targeting tau as a treatment option in terminal-stage high-grade serous ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Barbolina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60091, USA
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25
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Qin T, Fan J, Lu F, Zhang L, Liu C, Xiong Q, Zhao Y, Chen G, Sun C. Harnessing preclinical models for the interrogation of ovarian cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:277. [PMID: 36114548 PMCID: PMC9479310 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a heterogeneous malignancy with various etiology, histopathology, and biological feature. Despite accumulating understanding of OC in the post-genomic era, the preclinical knowledge still undergoes limited translation from bench to beside, and the prognosis of ovarian cancer has remained dismal over the past 30 years. Henceforth, reliable preclinical model systems are warranted to bridge the gap between laboratory experiments and clinical practice. In this review, we discuss the status quo of ovarian cancer preclinical models which includes conventional cell line models, patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), patient-derived organoids (PDOs), patient-derived explants (PDEs), and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). Each model has its own strengths and drawbacks. We focus on the potentials and challenges of using these valuable tools, either alone or in combination, to interrogate critical issues with OC.
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26
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Preclinical models of epithelial ovarian cancer: practical considerations and challenges for a meaningful application. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:364. [PMID: 35705879 PMCID: PMC9200670 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite many improvements in ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment, until now, conventional chemotherapy and new biological drugs have not been shown to cure the disease, and the overall prognosis remains poor. Over 90% of ovarian malignancies are categorized as epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC), a collection of different types of neoplasms with distinctive disease biology, response to chemotherapy, and outcome. Advances in our understanding of the histopathology and molecular features of EOC subtypes, as well as the cellular origins of these cancers, have given a boost to the development of clinically relevant experimental models. The overall goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive description of the available preclinical investigational approaches aimed at better characterizing disease development and progression and at identifying new therapeutic strategies. Systems discussed comprise monolayer (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures of established and primary cancer cell lines, organoids and patient-derived explants, animal models, including carcinogen-induced, syngeneic, genetically engineered mouse, xenografts, patient-derived xenografts (PDX), humanized PDX, and the zebrafish and the laying hen models. Recent advances in tumour-on-a-chip platforms are also detailed. The critical analysis of strengths and weaknesses of each experimental model will aid in identifying opportunities to optimize their translational value.
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27
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Borucka J, Sterzyńska K, Kaźmierczak D, Świerczewska M, Nowacka M, Wojtowicz K, Klejewski A, Nowicki M, Zabel M, Ramlau R, Januchowski R. The significance of interferon gamma inducible protein 16 (IFI16) expression in drug resistant ovarian cancer cell lines. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113036. [PMID: 35489285 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherent or developed during treatment drug resistance is the main reason for the low effectiveness of chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. IFI16 is a cytoplasmic/nuclear protein involved in response to virus's infection and cell cycle arrest associated with the cellular senescence. METHODS Here we performed a detailed IFI16 expression analysis in ovarian cancer cell lines sensitive (A2780) and resistant to doxorubicin (DOX) (A2780DR1 and A2780DR2) and paclitaxel (PAC) (A2780PR1). IFI16 mRNA level, protein level in the nuclear and cytoplasmic fraction (Western blot analysis), the protein expression in cancer cells and nuclei (immunofluorescence analysis) and cancer patient lesions (immunohistochemistry) were performed in this study. RESULTS We observed upregulation of IFI16 expression in drug resistant cell lines with dominant cytoplasmic localization in DOX-resistant cell lines and nuclear one in the PAC-resistant cell line. The most abundantly overexpressed isoforms of IFI16 were IFI16A and IFI16C. Finally, an analysis of a histological type of ovarian cancer (immunohistochemistry) showed expression in serous ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS Expression of IFI16 in drug-resistant cell lines suggests its role in drug resistance development in ovarian cancer. Expression in serous ovarian cancer suggests its role in the pathogenesis of this histological type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Borucka
- Department of Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 82/84, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
| | - Karolina Sterzyńska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dominika Kaźmierczak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Świerczewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta Nowacka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Karolina Wojtowicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Klejewski
- Department of Nursing, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 11 St., 60-179 Poznań, Poland; Department of Obstetrics and Women's Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St, 60-535 Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Nowicki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zyty 28 St, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Rodryg Ramlau
- Department of Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 82/84, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
| | - Radosław Januchowski
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zyty 28 St, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland.
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Gupta P, Miller A, Olayanju A, Madhuri TK, Velliou E. A Systematic Comparative Assessment of the Response of Ovarian Cancer Cells to the Chemotherapeutic Cisplatin in 3D Models of Various Structural and Biochemical Configurations-Does One Model Type Fit All? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051274. [PMID: 35267582 PMCID: PMC8909317 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Epithelial Ovarian Cancer is considered to be a ‘silent killer’ and a challenge for gynaecological health across the world due to its asymptotic nature in the early stages, its late-stage diagnosis, high recurrence rate and resistance to currently available treatment methods (chemotherapy). These disheartening figures highlight the need for extensive in vitro studies to better understand this disease. A number of in vitro 3D models are currently available to aid in the study of ovarian cancer and its response to therapeutic methods. In this work, we report, for the first time, a comprehensive comparative study of three widely used 3D in vitro models for ovarian cancer, along with chemotherapy assessment of primary and metastatic cells. Our study highlights the importance of selecting an appropriate 3D in vitro platform, which is based on multiple factors including the origin of cells used, experimental time period and experimental design, even for one specific disease. Abstract Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) is a silent, deadly and aggressive gynaecological disease with a relatively low survival rate. This has been attributed, to some extent, to EOC’s high recurrence rate and resistance to currently available platinum-based chemotherapeutic treatment methods. Multiple groups have studied and reported the effect of chemotherapeutic agents on various EOC 3D in vitro models. However, there are very few studies wherein a direct comparative study has been carried out between the different in vitro 3D models of EOC and the effect of chemotherapy within them. Herein, we report, for the first time, a direct comprehensive systematic comparative study of three different 3D in vitro platforms, namely (i) spheroids, (ii) synthetic PeptiGels/hydrogels of various chemical configurations and (iii) polymeric scaffolds with coatings of various extracellular matrices (ECMs) on the cell growth and response to the chemotherapeutic (Cisplatin) for ovary-derived (A2780) and metastatic (SK-OV-3) EOC cell lines. We report that all three 3D models are able to support the growth of EOC, but for different time periods (varying from 7 days to 4 weeks). We have also reported that chemoresistance to Cisplatin, in vitro, observed especially for metastatic EOC cells, is platform-dependent, in terms of both the structural and biochemical composition of the model/platform. Our study highlights the importance of selecting an appropriate 3D platform for in vitro tumour model development. We have demonstrated that the selection of the best platform for producing in vitro tumour models depends on the cancer/cell type, the experimental time period and the application for which the model is intended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gupta
- Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London W1W 7TY, UK;
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Aline Miller
- Manchester BIOGEL, 19F4, Mereside, Alderley Park, Alderley Edge, Chesire SK10 4TG, UK; (A.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Adedamola Olayanju
- Manchester BIOGEL, 19F4, Mereside, Alderley Park, Alderley Edge, Chesire SK10 4TG, UK; (A.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Thumuluru Kavitha Madhuri
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK;
- Honorary Senior Lecturer in Cancer Research, School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Eirini Velliou
- Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London W1W 7TY, UK;
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
- Correspondence:
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29
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Mechanomimetic 3D Scaffolds as a Humanized In Vitro Model for Ovarian Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050824. [PMID: 35269446 PMCID: PMC8909508 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical homeostasis of tissues can be altered in response to trauma or disease, such as cancer, resulting in altered mechanotransduction pathways that have been shown to impact tumor development, progression, and the efficacy of therapeutic approaches. Specifically, ovarian cancer progression is parallel to an increase in tissue stiffness and fibrosis. With in vivo models proving difficult to study, tying tissue mechanics to altered cellular and molecular properties necessitate advanced, tunable, in vitro 3D models able to mimic normal and tumor mechanic features. First, we characterized normal human ovary and high-grade serous (HGSC) ovarian cancer tissue stiffness to precisely mimic their mechanical features on collagen I-based sponge scaffolds, soft (NS) and stiff (MS), respectively. We utilized three ovarian cancer cell lines (OVCAR-3, Caov-3, and SKOV3) to evaluate changes in viability, morphology, proliferation, and sensitivity to doxorubicin and liposomal doxorubicin treatment in response to a mechanically different microenvironment. High substrate stiffness promoted the proliferation of Caov-3 and SKOV3 cells without changing their morphology, and upregulated mechanosensors YAP/TAZ only in SKOV3 cells. After 7 days in culture, both OVCAR3 and SKOV3 decreased the MS scaffold storage modulus (stiffness), suggesting a link between cell proliferation and the softening of the matrix. Finally, high matrix stiffness resulted in higher OVCAR-3 and SKOV3 cell cytotoxicity in response to doxorubicin. This study demonstrates the promise of biomimetic porous scaffolds for effective inclusion of mechanical parameters in 3D cancer modeling. Furthermore, this work establishes the use of porous scaffolds for studying ovarian cancer cells response to mechanical changes in the microenvironment and as a meaningful platform from which to investigate chemoresistance and drug response.
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Yee C, Dickson KA, Muntasir MN, Ma Y, Marsh DJ. Three-Dimensional Modelling of Ovarian Cancer: From Cell Lines to Organoids for Discovery and Personalized Medicine. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:836984. [PMID: 35223797 PMCID: PMC8866972 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.836984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality of all of the gynecological malignancies. There are several distinct histotypes of this malignancy characterized by specific molecular events and clinical behavior. These histotypes have differing responses to platinum-based drugs that have been the mainstay of therapy for ovarian cancer for decades. For histotypes that initially respond to a chemotherapeutic regime of carboplatin and paclitaxel such as high-grade serous ovarian cancer, the development of chemoresistance is common and underpins incurable disease. Recent discoveries have led to the clinical use of PARP (poly ADP ribose polymerase) inhibitors for ovarian cancers defective in homologous recombination repair, as well as the anti-angiogenic bevacizumab. While predictive molecular testing involving identification of a genomic scar and/or the presence of germline or somatic BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation are in clinical use to inform the likely success of a PARP inhibitor, no similar tests are available to identify women likely to respond to bevacizumab. Functional tests to predict patient response to any drug are, in fact, essentially absent from clinical care. New drugs are needed to treat ovarian cancer. In this review, we discuss applications to address the currently unmet need of developing physiologically relevant in vitro and ex vivo models of ovarian cancer for fundamental discovery science, and personalized medicine approaches. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro cell culture of ovarian cancer lacks critical cell-to-cell interactions afforded by culture in three-dimensions. Additionally, modelling interactions with the tumor microenvironment, including the surface of organs in the peritoneal cavity that support metastatic growth of ovarian cancer, will improve the power of these models. Being able to reliably grow primary tumoroid cultures of ovarian cancer will improve the ability to recapitulate tumor heterogeneity. Three-dimensional (3D) modelling systems, from cell lines to organoid or tumoroid cultures, represent enhanced starting points from which improved translational outcomes for women with ovarian cancer will emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Yee
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristie-Ann Dickson
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammed N. Muntasir
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Yue Ma
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Deborah J. Marsh
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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The Profile of MicroRNA Expression and Potential Role in the Regulation of Drug-Resistant Genes in Cisplatin- and Paclitaxel-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010526. [PMID: 35008952 PMCID: PMC8745655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. The high mortality results from late diagnosis and the development of drug resistance. Drug resistance results from changes in the expression of different drug-resistance genes that may be regulated miRNA. The main aim of our study was to detect changes in miRNA expression levels in two cisplatin (CIS) and two paclitaxel (PAC)—resistant variants of the A2780 drug-sensitive ovarian cancer cell line—by miRNA microarray. The next goal was to identify miRNAs responsible for the regulation of drug-resistance genes. We observed changes in the expression of 46 miRNA that may be related to drug resistance. The overexpression of miR-125b-5p, miR-99a-5p, miR-296-3p, and miR-887-3p and downregulation of miR-218-5p, miR-221-3p, and miR-222-3p was observed in both CIS-resistant cell lines. In both PAC-resistant cell lines, we observed the upregulation of miR-221-3p, miR-222-3p, and miR-4485, and decreased expression of miR-551b-3p, miR-551b-5p, and miR-218-5p. Analysis of targets suggest that expression of important drug-resistant genes like protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type K (PTPRK), receptor tyrosine kinase—EPHA7, Semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A), or the ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 gene (ABCB1) can be regulated by miRNA.
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Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4, a targetable oncoantigen that promotes ovarian cancer growth, invasion, cisplatin resistance and spheroid formation. Transl Oncol 2021; 16:101318. [PMID: 34942534 PMCID: PMC8695353 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a highly heterogeneous disease encompassing several distinct molecular subtypes and clinical entities. Despite the initial success of surgical debulking and adjuvant chemotherapy, recurrence with chemotherapy resistant tumors is common in patients with EOC and leads to poor overall survival. The extensive genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity associated with ovarian cancers has hindered the identification of effective prognostic and predictive biomarkers in EOC patients. In the current studies, we identify a tumor cell surface oncoantigen, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4), as an independent risk factor for decreased survival of patients with EOC. Our results show that CSPG4 promotes EOC cell invasion, cisplatin resistance and spheroid formation in vitro and tumor expansion in vivo. Mechanistically, spheroid formation and tumor cell invasion are due to CSPG4-stimulated expression of the mesenchymal transcription factor ZEB1. Furthermore, we have developed a novel monoclonal anti-CSGP4 antibody against the juxtamembrane domain of the core protein that limits CSPG4-stimulated ZEB1 expression, tumor cell invasion and promotes EOC apoptosis within spheroid cultures. We therefore propose that CSPG4 expression drives phenotypic heterogeneity and malignant progression in EOC tumors. These studies further demonstrate that CSPG4 expression levels are a potential diagnostic biomarker in EOC and indicate that targeting cells which express this oncoantigen could limit recurrence and improve outcomes in patients with EOC.
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Rickard BP, Conrad C, Sorrin AJ, Ruhi MK, Reader JC, Huang SA, Franco W, Scarcelli G, Polacheck WJ, Roque DM, del Carmen MG, Huang HC, Demirci U, Rizvi I. Malignant Ascites in Ovarian Cancer: Cellular, Acellular, and Biophysical Determinants of Molecular Characteristics and Therapy Response. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4318. [PMID: 34503128 PMCID: PMC8430600 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascites refers to the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneum resulting from an underlying pathology, such as metastatic cancer. Among all cancers, advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer is most frequently associated with the production of malignant ascites and is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies. Despite decades of evidence showing that the accumulation of peritoneal fluid portends the poorest outcomes for cancer patients, the role of malignant ascites in promoting metastasis and therapy resistance remains poorly understood. This review summarizes the current understanding of malignant ascites, with a focus on ovarian cancer. The first section provides an overview of heterogeneity in ovarian cancer and the pathophysiology of malignant ascites. Next, analytical methods used to characterize the cellular and acellular components of malignant ascites, as well the role of these components in modulating cell biology, are discussed. The review then provides a perspective on the pressures and forces that tumors are subjected to in the presence of malignant ascites and the impact of physical stress on therapy resistance. Treatment options for malignant ascites, including surgical, pharmacological and photochemical interventions are then discussed to highlight challenges and opportunities at the interface of drug discovery, device development and physical sciences in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany P. Rickard
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA; (M.K.R.); (S.A.H.); (W.J.P.)
| | - Christina Conrad
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (C.C.); (A.J.S.); (G.S.); (H.-C.H.)
| | - Aaron J. Sorrin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (C.C.); (A.J.S.); (G.S.); (H.-C.H.)
| | - Mustafa Kemal Ruhi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA; (M.K.R.); (S.A.H.); (W.J.P.)
| | - Jocelyn C. Reader
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.C.R.); (D.M.R.)
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Huang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA; (M.K.R.); (S.A.H.); (W.J.P.)
| | - Walfre Franco
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (C.C.); (A.J.S.); (G.S.); (H.-C.H.)
| | - William J. Polacheck
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA; (M.K.R.); (S.A.H.); (W.J.P.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dana M. Roque
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.C.R.); (D.M.R.)
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Marcela G. del Carmen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (C.C.); (A.J.S.); (G.S.); (H.-C.H.)
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA;
| | - Imran Rizvi
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA; (M.K.R.); (S.A.H.); (W.J.P.)
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Evaluating Targeted Therapies in Ovarian Cancer Metabolism: Novel Role for PCSK9 and Second Generation mTOR Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153727. [PMID: 34359627 PMCID: PMC8345177 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated lipid metabolism is emerging as a hallmark in several malignancies, including ovarian cancer (OC). Specifically, metastatic OC is highly dependent on lipid-rich omentum. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic value of targeting lipid metabolism in OC. For this purpose, we studied the role of PCSK9, a cholesterol-regulating enzyme, in OC cell survival and its downstream signaling. We also investigated the cytotoxic efficacy of a small library of metabolic (n = 11) and mTOR (n = 10) inhibitors using OC cell lines (n = 8) and ex vivo patient-derived cell cultures (PDCs, n = 5) to identify clinically suitable drug vulnerabilities. Targeting PCSK9 expression with siRNA or PCSK9 specific inhibitor (PF-06446846) impaired OC cell survival. In addition, overexpression of PCSK9 induced robust AKT phosphorylation along with increased expression of ERK1/2 and MEK1/2, suggesting a pro-survival role of PCSK9 in OC cells. Moreover, our drug testing revealed marked differences in cytotoxic responses to drugs targeting metabolic pathways of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and low-grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSOC) PDCs. Our results show that targeting PCSK9 expression could impair OC cell survival, which warrants further investigation to address the dependency of this cancer on lipogenesis and omental metastasis. Moreover, the differences in metabolic gene expression and drug responses of OC PDCs indicate the existence of a metabolic heterogeneity within OC subtypes, which should be further explored for therapeutic improvements.
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Smac-mimetic enhances antitumor effect of standard chemotherapy in ovarian cancer models via Caspase 8-independent mechanism. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:134. [PMID: 34088893 PMCID: PMC8178341 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer in the US. Standard treatment consists of surgery followed by chemotherapies relying on apoptotic tumor cell death. Most women with advanced stage disease will relapse, suggesting that this disease is characterized by primary and acquired resistance to chemotherapy, and novel approaches to treatment are greatly needed. Low Caspase 8 expression levels in ovarian cancers correlate with resistance to apoptotic chemotherapy, and a subpopulation of patients with low Caspase 8 levels exhibit poorer overall survival after standard-of-care treatment. We hypothesized that low Caspase 8 function reduces the ability of cancer cells to undergo apoptosis when exposed to standard chemotherapy and that second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac)-mimetics could increase cell death in combination with chemotherapy. Here we show that combination treatment with a Smac-mimetic can target tumor cells with low Caspase 8 and induce necroptotic cell death. We investigated the in vitro effect of Smac-mimetic added to carboplatin and paclitaxel treatment of ovarian cancer cells expressing wild type and low Caspase 8 levels, which resulted in a 2–4-fold enhancement of cell death. Mice bearing subcutaneous or intraperitoneal ovarian xenografts showed greater aggressiveness of Caspase 8-deficient versus wild-type tumors; combined in vivo treatment with chemotherapy and Smac-mimetic resulted in >50% decrease in low Caspase 8 xenograft growth, as well as significantly enhanced overall survival, especially when given simultaneously with paclitaxel. Surprisingly, Smac-mimetic on the same day as carboplatin decreased mouse survival compared to when it was given on a sequential day of treatment. The antagonism was associated with a decrease in DNA damage markers, emphasizing the importance of optimizing timing of drug administration. Clinical validation of such approaches is needed to increase the effectiveness of current standard ovarian cancer treatment.
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Rumman M, Buck S, Polin L, Dzinic S, Boerner J, Winer IS. ONC201 induces the unfolded protein response (UPR) in high- and low-grade ovarian carcinoma cell lines and leads to cell death regardless of platinum sensitivity. Cancer Med 2021; 10:3373-3387. [PMID: 33932119 PMCID: PMC8124100 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Treatment of both platinum resistant high grade (HG) and low‐grade (LG) ovarian cancer (OVCA) poses significant challenges as neither respond well to conventional chemotherapy leading to morbidity and mortality. Identification of novel agents that can overcome chemoresistance is therefore critical. Previously, we have demonstrated that OVCA has basal upregulated unfolded protein response (UPR) and that targeting cellular processes leading to further and persistent upregulation of UPR leads to cell death. ONC201 is an orally bioavailable Dopamine Receptor D2 inhibitor demonstrating anticancer activity and was found to induce UPR. Given its unique properties, we hypothesized that ONC201 would overcome platinum resistance in OVCA. Methods Cisplatin sensitive and resistant HG OVCA and two primary LG OVCA cell lines were studied. Cell viability was determined using MTT assay. Cell migration was studied using wound healing assay. Apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential were investigated using flow cytometry. Analysis of pathway inhibition was performed by Western Blot. mRNA expression of UPR related genes were measured by qPCR. In vivo studies were completed utilizing axillary xenograft models. Co‐testing with conventional chemotherapy was performed to study synergy. Results ONC201 significantly inhibited cell viability and migration in a dose dependent manner with IC50’s from 1‐20 µM for both cisplatin sensitive and resistant HG and LG‐OVCA cell lines. ONC201 lead to upregulation of the pro‐apoptotic arm of the UPR, specifically ATF‐4/CHOP/ATF3 and increased the intrinsic apoptosispathway. The compensatory, pro‐survival PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was downregulated. In vivo, weekly dosing of single agent ONC201 decreased xenograft tumor size by ~50% compared to vehicle. ONC201 also demonstrated significant synergy with paclitaxel in a highly platinum resistant OVCA cell‐line (OV433). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that ONC201 can effectively overcome chemoresistance in OVCA cells by blocking pro‐survival pathways and inducing the apoptotic arm of the UPR. This is a promising, orallybioavailable therapeutic agent to consider in clinical trials for patients with both HG and LG OVCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marufa Rumman
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Steven Buck
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lisa Polin
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sijana Dzinic
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Julie Boerner
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ira S Winer
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Gündoğan Gİ, Kıg C, Karacan M, Doğruman H. Investigation of Physiological Effects Induced by Dehydroepiandrosterone in Human Endothelial Cells and Ovarian Cancer Cell Line. Turk J Pharm Sci 2021; 18:185-191. [PMID: 33902257 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2020.58827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an endogenous hormone that acts as a ligand for several cellular receptors. An age-dependent decline in circulating levels of DHEA is linked to changes in various physiological functions. In gynecological clinical practice, DHEA is commonly prescribed to induce ovulation. Some clinical studies report a positive association between high serum concentrations of DHEA and an increased risk of developing ovarian cancer. However, the in vitro physiological effects of DHEA on ovarian cancerous cells have not been explored thus far. In this study, we aimed to investigate the physiological effects of DHEA treatment (0-200 μM, 24-72 hours) on MDAH-2774 human ovarian cancer cell line and primary HuVeC human endothelial cells. Materials and Methods The physiological effects of DHEA treatment (0-200 μM, 24-72 hours) on MDAH-2774 human ovarian cancer cell line and primary HuVeC human endothelial cells were investigated with the (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, and scratch assay. Results DHEA treatment promoted proliferation of the MDAH-2774 cancer cell line in a dose-dependent manner (r=0.6906, p<0.0001, for 24 hours) (r=0.6802, p<0.0001, for 48 hours) (r=0.7969, p<0.0001, for 72 hours). In contrast, DHEA inhibited proliferation of the primary HuVeC cells (r=0.9490, p<0.0001, for 24 hours) (r=0.9533, p<0.0001, for 48 hours) (r=0.9584, p<0.0001, for 72 hours). In agreement with these observations, DHEA treatment resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the number of necrotic cells in the primary HuVeC cells (r=0.97, p<0.0001). However, the number of necrotic or apoptotic cells did not change significantly when the MDAH-2774 cells was exposed to DHEA. Moreover, we found that DHEA treatment reduced the migration rate of HuVeC cells in a dose-dependent manner (r=0.9868, p<0.0001), whereas only a slight increase was observed in the MDAH-2774 ovarian cancer cell line (r=0.8938, p<0.05). Conclusion Our findings suggest that DHEA promotes the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Moreover, DHEA induced necrosis and inhibited proliferation in endothelial cells. Although mechanistic evidence is required, our preliminary findings imply that exposure to high doses of DHEA may be associated with an increased risk of developing ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gül İpek Gündoğan
- Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cenk Kıg
- Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meriç Karacan
- Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüsniye Doğruman
- Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul, Turkey
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Zhu Y, Ferri-Borgogno S, Sheng J, Yeung TL, Burks JK, Cappello P, Jazaeri AA, Kim JH, Han GH, Birrer MJ, Mok SC, Wong STC. SIO: A Spatioimageomics Pipeline to Identify Prognostic Biomarkers Associated with the Ovarian Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1777. [PMID: 33917869 PMCID: PMC8068305 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been shown to directly affect high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) malignant phenotypes, however, how these cells interact to influence HGSC patients' survival remains largely unknown. To investigate the cell-cell communication in such a complex TME, we developed a SpatioImageOmics (SIO) pipeline that combines imaging mass cytometry (IMC), location-specific transcriptomics, and deep learning to identify the distribution of various stromal, tumor and immune cells as well as their spatial relationship in TME. The SIO pipeline automatically and accurately segments cells and extracts salient cellular features to identify biomarkers, and multiple nearest-neighbor interactions among tumor, immune, and stromal cells that coordinate to influence overall survival rates in HGSC patients. In addition, SIO integrates IMC data with microdissected tumor and stromal transcriptomes from the same patients to identify novel signaling networks, which would lead to the discovery of novel survival rate-modulating mechanisms in HGSC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Center for Modeling Cancer Development, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Radiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sammy Ferri-Borgogno
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.F.-B.); (T.-L.Y.); (A.A.J.)
| | - Jianting Sheng
- Center for Modeling Cancer Development, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Radiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tsz-Lun Yeung
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.F.-B.); (T.-L.Y.); (A.A.J.)
| | - Jared K. Burks
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Paola Cappello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Amir A. Jazaeri
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.F.-B.); (T.-L.Y.); (A.A.J.)
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (G.H.H.)
| | - Gwan Hee Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (G.H.H.)
| | - Michael J. Birrer
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Samuel C. Mok
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.F.-B.); (T.-L.Y.); (A.A.J.)
| | - Stephen T. C. Wong
- Center for Modeling Cancer Development, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Radiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Nowacka M, Sterzynska K, Andrzejewska M, Nowicki M, Januchowski R. Drug resistance evaluation in novel 3D in vitro model. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111536. [PMID: 34311534 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer rates the highest mortality among all gynecological malignancies. The main reason for high mortality is the development of drug resistance. It can be related to changes in the expression of many drug resistance genes as well as expression of extracellular matrix proteins and cell density in the tumor. We developed a simple two-dimensional and three-dimensional model of drug sensitive A2780 and resistant to cisplatin and paclitaxel variants of ovarian cancer cell line. Using MTT assay, we compared drug resistance in two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture conditions. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to compare the expression of drug resistance genes. The expression of proteins in spheroids was determined by immunohistochemistry. We observed a moderate increase in cisplatin resistance and a significant increase in paclitaxel resistance between two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture conditions. Our findings show that changes in the expression of drug resistance genes may play a crucial role in the drug resistance of cancer cells in traditional cell culture. On the other hand, the drug resistance in spheroids may result from different mechanisms such as cell density in the spheroid, extracellular matrix proteins expression and drug capacity to diffuse into the spheroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Nowacka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, PL-61-781 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Karolina Sterzynska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, PL-61-781 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Andrzejewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, PL-61-781 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Michal Nowicki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, PL-61-781 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Radoslaw Januchowski
- Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zyty 28 St, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland.
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Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of gynecological cancer-related mortality in the developed world. EOC is a heterogeneous disease represented by several histological and molecular subtypes. Therefore, exploration of relevant preclinical animal models that consider the heterogenic nature of EOC is of great importance for the development of novel therapeutic strategies that can be translated clinically to combat this devastating disease. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the development of preclinical mouse models for EOC study as well as their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Karakashev
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ru-Gang Zhang
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. E-mail:
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Straughn AR, Kelm NQ, Kakar SS. Withaferin A and Ovarian Cancer Antagonistically Regulate Skeletal Muscle Mass. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:636498. [PMID: 33718372 PMCID: PMC7947350 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.636498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a complex wasting syndrome that overwhelmingly affects the majority of late-stage cancer patients. Additionally, there are currently no efficacious therapeutic agents to treat the muscle atrophy induced by the cancer. While several preclinical studies have investigated the molecular signals orchestrating cachexia, very little information exists pertaining to ovarian cancer and the associated cachexia. Work from our lab has recently demonstrated that the steroidal lactone Withaferin A (WFA) is capable of attenuating the atrophying effects of ovarian cancer in a preclinical mouse model. However, it remained to be determined whether WFA's effect was in response to its anti-tumorigenic properties, or if it was capable of targeting skeletal muscle directly. The purpose of this study was to uncover whether WFA was capable of regulating muscle mass under tumor-free and tumor-bearing conditions. Treatment with WFA led to an improvement in functional muscle strength and mass under tumor-bearing and naïve conditions. WFA and ovarian cancer were observed to act antagonistically upon critical skeletal muscle regulatory systems, notably myogenic progenitors and proteolytic degradation pathways. Our results demonstrated for the first time that, while WFA has anti-tumorigenic properties, it also exerts hypertrophying effects on skeletal muscle mass, suggesting that it could be an anti-cachectic agent in the settings of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex R. Straughn
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Natia Q. Kelm
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Sham S. Kakar
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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Sandhiutami NMD, Arozal W, Louisa M, Rahmat D, Wuyung PE. Curcumin Nanoparticle Enhances the Anticancer Effect of Cisplatin by Inhibiting PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT3 Pathway in Rat Ovarian Carcinoma Induced by DMBA. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:603235. [PMID: 33536913 PMCID: PMC7848208 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.603235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin has been used for decades for the treatment of ovarian cancer. However, despite its potent anticancer effect, cisplatin's efficacy as a single agent was inadequate in patients with advanced stage. Curcumin has been shown to sensitize cisplatin activity in several cancer models. However, the low bioavailability of curcumin has limited its anticancer potential. Hence, nano-formulation of curcumin was developed to increase its therapeutic efficacy in ovarian cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of curcumin nanoparticles given in combination with cisplatin in rat ovarian carcinoma induced by dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). The administration of cisplatin and nanocurcumin resulted in a significant reduction in ovarian tumor volume and weight. Furthermore, there were reduction in expressions of Ki67, TGF-β, PI3K, and Akt phosphorylation. Co-treatment of cisplatin and nanocurcumin also reduced JAK expression, STAT3 phosphorylation, and reduced IL-6 concentrations. Altogether, nanocurcumin, given as a co-treatment with cisplatin has therapeutic potential in ovarian cancer models by inhibiting proliferation through downregulation of PI3K/Akt and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Made Dwi Sandhiutami
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pancasila, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Wawaimuli Arozal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Melva Louisa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Deni Rahmat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pancasila, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Puspita Eka Wuyung
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Animal Research Facility, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Robinson M, Gilbert SF, Waters JA, Lujano-Olazaba O, Lara J, Alexander LJ, Green SE, Burkeen GA, Patrus O, Sarwar Z, Holmberg R, Wang C, House CD. Characterization of SOX2, OCT4 and NANOG in Ovarian Cancer Tumor-Initiating Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020262. [PMID: 33445692 PMCID: PMC7828139 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) has traditionally relied on surface markers including CD133, CD44, CD117, and the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme, which have diverse expression across samples. A more reliable indication of TICs may include the expression of embryonic transcription factors that support long-term self-renewal, multipotency, and quiescence. We hypothesize that SOX2, OCT4, and NANOG will be enriched in ovarian TICs and may indicate TICs with high relapse potential. We evaluated a panel of eight ovarian cancer cell lines grown in standard 2-D culture or in spheroid-enriching 3-D culture, and correlated expression with growth characteristics, TIC marker expression, and chemotherapy resistance. RNA-sequencing showed that cell cycle regulation pathways involving SOX2 were elevated in 3-D conditions. HGSOC lines had longer doubling-times, greater chemoresistance, and significantly increased expression of SOX2, OCT4, and NANOG in 3-D conditions. CD117+ or ALDH+/CD133+ cells had increased SOX2, OCT4, and NANOG expression. Limiting dilution in in vivo experiments implicated SOX2, but not OCT4 or NANOG, with early tumor-initiation. An analysis of patient data suggested a stronger role for SOX2, relative to OCT4 or NANOG, for tumor relapse potential. Overall, our findings suggest that SOX2 may be a more consistent indicator of ovarian TICs that contribute to tumor repopulation following chemotherapy. Future studies evaluating SOX2 in TIC biology will increase our understanding of the mechanisms that drive ovarian cancer relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikella Robinson
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; (M.R.); (S.F.G.); (J.A.W.); (O.L.-O.); (J.L.); (L.J.A.); (S.E.G.); (G.A.B.); (O.P.); (Z.S.); (R.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Samuel F. Gilbert
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; (M.R.); (S.F.G.); (J.A.W.); (O.L.-O.); (J.L.); (L.J.A.); (S.E.G.); (G.A.B.); (O.P.); (Z.S.); (R.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Jennifer A. Waters
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; (M.R.); (S.F.G.); (J.A.W.); (O.L.-O.); (J.L.); (L.J.A.); (S.E.G.); (G.A.B.); (O.P.); (Z.S.); (R.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Omar Lujano-Olazaba
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; (M.R.); (S.F.G.); (J.A.W.); (O.L.-O.); (J.L.); (L.J.A.); (S.E.G.); (G.A.B.); (O.P.); (Z.S.); (R.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Jacqueline Lara
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; (M.R.); (S.F.G.); (J.A.W.); (O.L.-O.); (J.L.); (L.J.A.); (S.E.G.); (G.A.B.); (O.P.); (Z.S.); (R.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Logan J. Alexander
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; (M.R.); (S.F.G.); (J.A.W.); (O.L.-O.); (J.L.); (L.J.A.); (S.E.G.); (G.A.B.); (O.P.); (Z.S.); (R.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Samuel E. Green
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; (M.R.); (S.F.G.); (J.A.W.); (O.L.-O.); (J.L.); (L.J.A.); (S.E.G.); (G.A.B.); (O.P.); (Z.S.); (R.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Gregory A. Burkeen
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; (M.R.); (S.F.G.); (J.A.W.); (O.L.-O.); (J.L.); (L.J.A.); (S.E.G.); (G.A.B.); (O.P.); (Z.S.); (R.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Omid Patrus
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; (M.R.); (S.F.G.); (J.A.W.); (O.L.-O.); (J.L.); (L.J.A.); (S.E.G.); (G.A.B.); (O.P.); (Z.S.); (R.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Zinia Sarwar
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; (M.R.); (S.F.G.); (J.A.W.); (O.L.-O.); (J.L.); (L.J.A.); (S.E.G.); (G.A.B.); (O.P.); (Z.S.); (R.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Ryne Holmberg
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; (M.R.); (S.F.G.); (J.A.W.); (O.L.-O.); (J.L.); (L.J.A.); (S.E.G.); (G.A.B.); (O.P.); (Z.S.); (R.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Christine Wang
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; (M.R.); (S.F.G.); (J.A.W.); (O.L.-O.); (J.L.); (L.J.A.); (S.E.G.); (G.A.B.); (O.P.); (Z.S.); (R.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Carrie D. House
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; (M.R.); (S.F.G.); (J.A.W.); (O.L.-O.); (J.L.); (L.J.A.); (S.E.G.); (G.A.B.); (O.P.); (Z.S.); (R.H.); (C.W.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(619)-594-3053
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Wang C, Lv X, He C, Davis JS, Wang C, Hua G. Four and a Half LIM Domains 2 (FHL2) Contribute to the Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207751. [PMID: 33092075 PMCID: PMC7589967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most lethal gynecologic malignancies. To date, the etiology of this deadly disease remains elusive. FHL2, a member of the four and a half LIM domain family, has been shown to serve either as an oncoprotein or as a tumor suppressor in various cancers. Our previous study showed that FHL2 plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of ovarian granulosa cell tumor via regulating AKT1 transcription. However, direct and systematic evidence of FHL2 in the initiation and progression of EOC remains unclear. In the present study, immunohistochemical analysis from EOC patient tissues showed that positivity and intensity of FHL2 immunosignal were up-regulated in the EOC tissues compared with normal ovary tissues. Knockdown of FHL2 in SKOV-3 cell line reduced cell growth and cell viability, blocked cell cycle progression, and inhibited cell migration. Ectopic expression of FHL2 in IGROV-1 cells which have low endogenous FHL2, promoted cell growth, improved cell viability and enhanced cell migration. Additionally, knock down of FHL2 in the SKOV-3 cell line significantly inhibited anchorage-independent growth indicated by the soft agar assay. In comparison, overexpression of FHL2 in IGROV-1 cell improved the colonies growth in soft agar. Western blot data showed that knockdown of FHL2 downregulated AKT expression level, and upregulated apoptosis related proteins such as cleaved PARP, and cleaved-lamin A. Finally, by employing stable SKOV-3/FHL2 stable knock down cell line, our data clearly showed that knockdown of FHL2 inhibited EOC xenograft initiation in vivo. Taken together, our results showed that FHL2, via regulating cell proliferation, cell cycle, and adhesion, has a critical role in regulating EOC initiation and progression. These results indicate that FHL2 could be a potential target for the therapeutic drugs against EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Xiangmin Lv
- Olson Center for Women’s Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-3255, USA; (X.L.); (C.H.); (J.S.D.); (C.W.)
- Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Chunbo He
- Olson Center for Women’s Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-3255, USA; (X.L.); (C.H.); (J.S.D.); (C.W.)
- Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - John S. Davis
- Olson Center for Women’s Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-3255, USA; (X.L.); (C.H.); (J.S.D.); (C.W.)
- Omaha Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Olson Center for Women’s Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-3255, USA; (X.L.); (C.H.); (J.S.D.); (C.W.)
- Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Guohua Hua
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-027-87515280
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Jones MR, Peng PC, Coetzee SG, Tyrer J, Reyes ALP, Corona RI, Davis B, Chen S, Dezem F, Seo JH, Kar S, Dareng E, Berman BP, Freedman ML, Plummer JT, Lawrenson K, Pharoah P, Hazelett DJ, Gayther SA. Ovarian Cancer Risk Variants Are Enriched in Histotype-Specific Enhancers and Disrupt Transcription Factor Binding Sites. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:622-635. [PMID: 32946763 PMCID: PMC7536645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying the functional effects of complex disease risk variants can provide insights into mechanisms underlying disease biology. Genome-wide association studies have identified 39 regions associated with risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The vast majority of these variants lie in the non-coding genome, where they likely function through interaction with gene regulatory elements. In this study we first estimated the heritability explained by known common low penetrance risk alleles for EOC. The narrow sense heritability (hg2) of EOC overall and high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOCs) were estimated to be 5%-6%. Partitioned SNP heritability across broad functional categories indicated a significant contribution of regulatory elements to EOC heritability. We collated epigenomic profiling data for 77 cell and tissue types from Roadmap Epigenomics and ENCODE, and from H3K27Ac ChIP-seq data generated in 26 ovarian cancer and precursor-related cell and tissue types. We identified significant enrichment of risk single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in active regulatory elements marked by H3K27Ac in HGSOCs. To further investigate how risk SNPs in active regulatory elements influence predisposition to ovarian cancer, we used motifbreakR to predict the disruption of transcription factor binding sites. We identified 469 candidate causal risk variants in H3K27Ac peaks that are predicted to significantly break transcription factor (TF) motifs. The most frequently broken motif was REST (p value = 0.0028), which has been reported as both a tumor suppressor and an oncogene. Overall, these systematic functional annotations with epigenomic data improve interpretation of EOC risk variants and shed light on likely cells of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Jones
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Pei-Chen Peng
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Simon G Coetzee
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jonathan Tyrer
- CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Alberto Luiz P Reyes
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Rosario I Corona
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Brian Davis
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Stephanie Chen
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Felipe Dezem
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ji-Heui Seo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Siddartha Kar
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Eileen Dareng
- CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Benjamin P Berman
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Matthew L Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jasmine T Plummer
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Kate Lawrenson
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Paul Pharoah
- CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Dennis J Hazelett
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Bortot B, Mongiat M, Valencic E, Dal Monego S, Licastro D, Crosera M, Adami G, Rampazzo E, Ricci G, Romano F, Severini GM, Biffi S. Nanotechnology-Based Cisplatin Intracellular Delivery to Enhance Chemo-Sensitivity of Ovarian Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:4793-4810. [PMID: 32764921 PMCID: PMC7368240 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s247114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platinum resistance is a major challenge in the management of ovarian cancer. Even low levels of acquired resistance at the cellular level lead to impaired response to cisplatin. In ovarian cancer intraperitoneal therapy, nanoparticle formulation can improve the cisplatin’s pharmacokinetics and safety profile. Purpose This work aimed to investigate the chemo-sensitivity of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells upon short-term (72h) single treatment of cisplatin and cisplatin-loaded biodegradable nanoparticles (Cis-NP). The aim was then to determine the therapeutic properties of Cis-NP in vivo using a SKOV3-luc cells’ xenograft model in mice. Methods Cell cytotoxicity was assessed after the exposure of the cell culture to cisplatin or Cis-NP. The effect of treatments on EMT and CSC-like phenotype was studied by analyzing a panel of markers by flow cytometry. Intracellular platinum concentration was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICS-MS), and gene expression was evaluated by RNAseq analysis. The efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy was evaluated in a SKOV3-luc cells’ xenograft model in mice, through a combination of bioluminescence imaging, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses. Results We observed in vitro that short-term treatment of cisplatin has a critical role in determining the potential induction of chemoresistance, and a nanotechnology-based drug delivery system can modulate it. The RNAseq analysis underlines a protective effect of nanoparticle system according to their ability to down-regulate several genes involved in chemoresistance, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. The highest intracellular platinum concentration obtained with Cis-NP treatment significantly improved the efficacy. Consistent with in vitro results, we found that Cis-NP treatment in vivo can significantly reduce tumor burden and aggressiveness compared to the free drug. Conclusion Nanoparticle-mediated cisplatin delivery may serve as an intracellular depot impacting the cisplatin pharmacodynamic performance at cellular levels. These features may contribute to improving the drawbacks of conventional intraperitoneal therapy, and therefore will require further investigations in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bortot
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mongiat
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro Di Riferimento Oncologico Di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Erica Valencic
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Simeone Dal Monego
- ARGO Open Lab Platform for Genome Sequencing, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy
| | - Danilo Licastro
- ARGO Open Lab Platform for Genome Sequencing, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Crosera
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Adami
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Enrico Rampazzo
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ricci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Federico Romano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maria Severini
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefania Biffi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
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Modelling Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in Mice: Classical and Emerging Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134806. [PMID: 32645943 PMCID: PMC7370285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer (HGSC) is the most aggressive subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer. The identification of germline and somatic mutations along with genomic information unveiled by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and other studies has laid the foundation for establishing preclinical models with high fidelity to the molecular features of HGSC. Notwithstanding such progress, the field of HGSC research still lacks a model that is both robust and widely accessible. In this review, we discuss the recent advancements and utility of HGSC genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) to date. Further analysis and critique on alternative approaches to modelling HGSC considers technological advancements in somatic gene editing and modelling prototypic organs, capable of tumorigenesis, on a chip.
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48
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De Haven Brandon A, Box G, Hallsworth A, Court W, Matthews N, Herodek B, Arteagabeitia AB, Valenti M, Kirkin V. Identification of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma cell lines that show estrogen-sensitive growth as xenografts in immunocompromised mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10799. [PMID: 32612269 PMCID: PMC7329846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains a significant challenge in women worldwide. Tumors of the high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) type represent the most common form of the disease. Development of new therapies for HGSC has been hampered by a paucity of preclinical models in which new drugs could be tested for target engagement and anti-tumor efficacy. Here, we systematically assessed in vivo growth of ovarian cancer cells, including six validated HGSC cell lines, in highly immunocompromised NSG mice by varying the injection site. We found that, with the exception of OVCAR3, HGSC cell lines COV318, COV362, KURAMOCHI, OVCAR4, and OVSAHO, generally demonstrate poor growth as either subcutaneous or intraperitoneal xenografts. Intrabursal injections performed with KURAMOCHI and COV362 cells did not improve tumor growth in vivo. Additional analysis revealed that OVSAHO and COV362 express moderate levels of estrogen receptor (ERα), which translated into improved growth of xenografts in the presence of 17β-Estradiol. Surprisingly, we also found that the growth of the widely used non-HGSC ovarian cell line SKOV3 could be significantly improved by estrogen supplementation. By describing successful establishment of estrogen-sensitive HGSC xenograft models, OVSAHO and COV362, this work will enable testing of novel therapies for this aggressive form of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis De Haven Brandon
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Gary Box
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Albert Hallsworth
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - William Court
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Nicoll Matthews
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Balint Herodek
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | | | - Melanie Valenti
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Vladimir Kirkin
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK.
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Fritz JL, Collins O, Saxena P, Buensuceso A, Ramos Valdes Y, Francis KE, Brown KR, Larsen B, Colwill K, Gingras AC, Rottapel R, Shepherd TG. A novel role for NUAK1 in promoting ovarian cancer metastasis through regulation of fibronectin production in spheroids. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051250. [PMID: 32429240 PMCID: PMC7280971 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has a unique mode of metastasis, where cells shed from the primary tumour, form aggregates called spheroids to evade anoikis, spread through the peritoneal cavity, and adhere to secondary sites. We previously showed that the master kinase Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is required for EOC spheroid viability and metastasis. We have identified novel (nua) kinase 1 (NUAK1) as a top candidate LKB1 substrate in EOC cells and spheroids using a multiplex inhibitor beads-mass spectrometry approach. We confirmed that LKB1 maintains NUAK1 phosphorylation and promotes its stabilization. We next investigated NUAK1 function in EOC cells. Ectopic NUAK1-overexpressing EOC cell lines had increased adhesion, whereas the reverse was seen in OVCAR8-NUAK1KO cells. In fact, cells with NUAK1 loss generate spheroids with reduced integrity, leading to increased cell death after long-term culture. Following transcriptome analysis, we identified reduced enrichment for cell interaction gene expression pathways in OVCAR8-NUAK1KO spheroids. In fact, the FN1 gene, encoding fibronectin, exhibited a 745-fold decreased expression in NUAK1KO spheroids. Fibronectin expression was induced during native spheroid formation, yet this was completely lost in NUAK1KO spheroids. Co-incubation with soluble fibronectin restored the compact spheroid phenotype to OVCAR8-NUAK1KO cells. In a xenograft model of intraperitoneal metastasis, NUAK1 loss extended survival and reduced fibronectin expression in tumours. Thus, we have identified a new mechanism controlling EOC metastasis, through which LKB1-NUAK1 activity promotes spheroid formation and secondary tumours via fibronectin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Lee Fritz
- The Mary & John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada; (J.L.F.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (A.B.); (Y.R.V.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Olga Collins
- The Mary & John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada; (J.L.F.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (A.B.); (Y.R.V.)
| | - Parima Saxena
- The Mary & John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada; (J.L.F.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (A.B.); (Y.R.V.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Adrian Buensuceso
- The Mary & John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada; (J.L.F.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (A.B.); (Y.R.V.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Yudith Ramos Valdes
- The Mary & John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada; (J.L.F.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (A.B.); (Y.R.V.)
| | - Kyle E. Francis
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; (K.E.F.); (R.R.)
| | - Kevin R. Brown
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada;
| | - Brett Larsen
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; (B.L.); (K.C.); (A.-C.G.)
| | - Karen Colwill
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; (B.L.); (K.C.); (A.-C.G.)
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; (B.L.); (K.C.); (A.-C.G.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Robert Rottapel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; (K.E.F.); (R.R.)
| | - Trevor G. Shepherd
- The Mary & John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada; (J.L.F.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (A.B.); (Y.R.V.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-519-685-8500 (ext. 56347)
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Sneha S, Nagare RP, Sidhanth C, Krishnapriya S, Garg M, Ramachandran B, Murhekar K, Sundersingh S, Ganesan TS. The hedgehog pathway regulates cancer stem cells in serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 43:601-616. [PMID: 32382997 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00504-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Signaling by cancer stem cells (CSCs) is known to occur at least in part through conserved developmental pathways. Here, the role of one of these pathways, i.e., the hedgehog pathway, was evaluated in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). METHODS AND RESULTS We found that in HGSOC, hedgehog inhibitors (HHIs) GANT61, LDE225 and GDC0449 reduced or inhibited the formation of spheroids enriched in CSCs. Primary malignant cells (PMCs) in ascites from HGSOC patients cultured in the presence of HHIs showed significant reduction in CSCs. Sonic hedgehog (SHH) significantly increased the expression of ALDH1A1, which was inhibited by GANT61. In the presence of a SHH neutralizing antibody (5E1), a significant reduction in the number of spheroids was observed in HGSOC-derived cell lines. Further, the motility, migration and clonogenic growth of the cells were significantly reduced by HHIs. In the presence of GANT61, a reduction of cells from PMCs in the G0 phase of the cell cycle was observed. The magnitude of difference in expression of Gli1 in tumors from the same HGSOC patients at presentation and at interval debulking surgery was greater in patients who had a recurrence on follow up. GANT61 also significantly inhibited the growth of CSCs in nude mice. Finally, RNA sequencing of HGSOC cells treated with GANT61 showed a significantly reduced expression of CSC markers. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the hedgehog pathway plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of CSCs in HGSOC and could be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smarakan Sneha
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India
| | - Rohit P Nagare
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India
| | - Chirukandath Sidhanth
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India
| | - Syama Krishnapriya
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University Campus, Sector-125, 201303, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Balaji Ramachandran
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kanchan Murhekar
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Trivadi S Ganesan
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India.
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