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Daneshi M, Borowicz PP, Entzie YL, Syring JG, King LE, Safain KS, Anas M, Reynolds LP, Ward AK, Dahlen CR, Crouse MS, Caton JS. Influence of Maternal Nutrition and One-Carbon Metabolites Supplementation during Early Pregnancy on Bovine Fetal Small Intestine Vascularity and Cell Proliferation. Vet Sci 2024; 11:146. [PMID: 38668414 PMCID: PMC11054626 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of nutrient restriction and one-carbon metabolite (OCM) supplementation (folate, vitamin B12, methionine, and choline) on fetal small intestine weight, vascularity, and cell proliferation, 29 (n = 7 ± 1 per treatment) crossbred Angus beef heifers (436 ± 42 kg) were estrous synchronized and conceived by artificial insemination with female sexed semen from a single sire. Then, they were allotted randomly to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with the main factors of nutritional plane [control (CON) vs. restricted feed intake (RES)] and OCM supplementation [without OCM (-OCM) or with OCM (+OCM)]. Heifers receiving the CON level of intake were fed to target an average daily gain of 0.45 kg/day, which would allow them to reach 80% of mature BW by calving. Heifers receiving the RES level of intake were fed to lose 0.23 kg/heifer daily, which mimics observed production responses in heifers that experience a diet and environment change during early gestation. Targeted heifer gain and OCM treatments were administered from d 0 to 63 of gestation, and then all heifers were fed a common diet targeting 0.45 kg/d gain until d 161 of gestation, when heifers were slaughtered, and fetal jejunum was collected. Gain had no effect (p = 0.17) on the fetal small intestinal weight. However, OCM treatments (p = 0.02) displayed less weight compared to the -OCM groups. Capillary area density was increased in fetal jejunal villi of RES - OCM (p = 0.02). Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) positivity ratio tended to be greater (p = 0.08) in villi and was less in the crypts (p = 0.02) of the RES + OCM group. Cell proliferation decreased (p = 0.02) in villi and crypts of fetal jejunal tissue from heifers fed the RES + OCM treatment compared with all groups and CON - OCM, respectively. Spatial cell density increased in RES - OCM compared with CON + OCM (p = 0.05). Combined, these data show OCM supplementation can increase expression of VEGFR2 in jejunal villi, which will promote maintenance of the microvascular beds, while at the same time decreasing small intestine weight and crypt cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Daneshi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (P.P.B.); (Y.L.E.); (K.S.S.); (M.A.); (L.P.R.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Pawel P. Borowicz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (P.P.B.); (Y.L.E.); (K.S.S.); (M.A.); (L.P.R.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Yssi L. Entzie
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (P.P.B.); (Y.L.E.); (K.S.S.); (M.A.); (L.P.R.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Jessica G. Syring
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (P.P.B.); (Y.L.E.); (K.S.S.); (M.A.); (L.P.R.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Layla E. King
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Minnesota Crookston, Crookston, MN 56716, USA;
| | - Kazi Sarjana Safain
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (P.P.B.); (Y.L.E.); (K.S.S.); (M.A.); (L.P.R.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Muhammad Anas
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (P.P.B.); (Y.L.E.); (K.S.S.); (M.A.); (L.P.R.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Lawrence P. Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (P.P.B.); (Y.L.E.); (K.S.S.); (M.A.); (L.P.R.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Alison K. Ward
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada;
| | - Carl R. Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (P.P.B.); (Y.L.E.); (K.S.S.); (M.A.); (L.P.R.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Matthew S. Crouse
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA;
| | - Joel S. Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (P.P.B.); (Y.L.E.); (K.S.S.); (M.A.); (L.P.R.); (C.R.D.)
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Ferris Pasquini V, Hurtazo H, Quintanilla F, Cruz-Soto M. 2,4-Dichlorophenol Shows Estrogenic Endocrine Disruptor Activity by Altering Male Rat Sexual Behavior. TOXICS 2023; 11:843. [PMID: 37888694 PMCID: PMC10611086 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophenols (CPs) have been extensively used worldwide as a treatment to prevent the growth and proliferation of different microorganisms, mainly in the wood and farm industries. Chlorine has been used for water disinfection, and phenol groups are water contaminants; these two groups can react with each other to form species such as 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). 2,4-DCP is still used as an herbicide in many countries such as Mexico. CPs have been largely analyzed, like bisphenol A, for their probable endocrine-disrupting effects in humans and aquatic animals. We still do not understand whether these endocrine responses can be manifested as an impairment in sexual behavior in rodents. With the present toxicology study, the endocrine-disrupting effects of 2,4-DCP on male sexual behavior were investigated. Sexually naïve male Wistar rats were used to assess the endocrine-disrupting effects of 2,4-DCP. The rats were divided into two groups: one control group and one experimental group that was administered 1.25 mg/day of 2,4-DCP for 45 days. After completing treatment, the male sexual behavior of the rats was evaluated. The results of this investigation demonstrated that 2,4-DCP affected male sexual behavior. A decrease in mount latency, intromission latency, and post ejaculation period compared with the control animals was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ferris Pasquini
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Querétaro, Universidad del Valle de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; (V.F.P.)
| | - Hector Hurtazo
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Querétaro, Universidad del Valle de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; (V.F.P.)
| | - Francisco Quintanilla
- Programa de Gastronomía, Facultad de Filosofía, Campus Aeropuerto, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico;
| | - Martha Cruz-Soto
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Querétaro, Universidad del Valle de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; (V.F.P.)
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Schkoda S, Horman B, Witchey SK, Jansson A, Macari S, Patisaul HB. Skeletal effects following developmental flame-retardant exposure are specific to sex and chemical class in the adult Wistar rat. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1216388. [PMID: 37577032 PMCID: PMC10414991 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1216388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Accumulating evidence reveals that endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can disrupt aspects of metabolic programming, suggesting that skeletal development may be at risk, a possibility that is rarely examined. The commercial flame retardant (FR) mixture, Firemaster 550 (FM 550), has repeatedly been shown to negatively influence metabolic programming, raising concerns that skeletal integrity may consequently be impaired. We have previously shown that gestational and lactational exposure to 1,000 µg FM 550 negatively affected sex-specific skeletal traits in male, but not female, rats assessed at 6 months of age. Whether this outcome is primarily driven by the brominated (BFR) or organophosphate ester (OPFR) portions of the mixture or the effects persist to older ages is unknown. Materials and methods: To address this, in the present study, dams were orally exposed throughout gestation and lactation to either 1,000 μg BFR, 1,000 µg OPFR, or 2,000 µg FM 550. Offspring (n = 8/sex/exposure) were weaned at PND 21 and assessed for femoral cortical and trabecular bone parameters at 8 months of age by high-resolution X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Serum levels of serotonin, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, and calcium were quantified. Results: FM 550 affected both sexes, but the females were more appreciably impacted by the OPFRs, while the males were more vulnerable to the BFRs. Conclusion: Although sex specificity was expected due to the sexual dimorphic nature of skeletal physiology, the mechanisms accounting for the male- and female-specific phenotypes remain to be determined. Future work aims to clarify these unresolved issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Schkoda
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Brian Horman
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Shannah K. Witchey
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Anton Jansson
- Analytical Instrumentation Facility, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Soraia Macari
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Heather B. Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Sun Z, Yang X, Liu QS, Lu B, Shi J, Zhou Q, Jiang G. Environmental obesogen: More considerations about the potential cause of obesity epidemic. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 239:113613. [PMID: 35588621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Sun
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qian S Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bobing Lu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Patisaul HB. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and the neuroendocrine system: Beyond estrogen, androgen, and thyroid. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 92:101-150. [PMID: 34452685 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hundreds of anthropogenic chemicals occupy our bodies, a situation that threatens the health of present and future generations. This chapter focuses on endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), both naturally occurring and man-made, that affect the neuroendocrine system to adversely impact health, with an emphasis on reproductive and metabolic pathways. The neuroendocrine system is highly sexually dimorphic and essential for maintaining homeostasis and appropriately responding to the environment. Comprising both neural and endocrine components, the neuroendocrine system is hormone sensitive throughout life and touches every organ system in the body. The integrative nature of the neuroendocrine system means that EDCs can have multi-system effects. Additionally, because gonadal hormones are essential for the sex-specific organization of numerous neuroendocrine pathways, endocrine disruption of this programming can lead to permanent deficits. Included in this review is a brief history of the neuroendocrine disruption field and a thorough discussion of the most common and less well understood neuroendocrine disruption modes of action. Also provided are extensive examples of how EDCs are likely contributing to neuroendocrine disorders such as obesity, and evidence that they have the potential for multi-generational effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
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Sex- and age-dependent effects of maternal organophosphate flame-retardant exposure on neonatal hypothalamic and hepatic gene expression. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 94:65-74. [PMID: 32360330 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
After the phase-out of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, their replacement compounds, organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) became ubiquitous in home and work environments. OPFRs, which may act as endocrine disruptors, are detectable in human urine, breast milk, and blood samples collected from pregnant women. However, the effects of perinatal OPFR exposure on offspring homeostasis and gene expression remain largely underexplored. To address this knowledge gap, virgin female mice were mated and dosed with either a sesame oil vehicle or an OPFR mixture (tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, and triphenyl phosphate, 1 mg/kg each) from gestational day (GD) 7 to postnatal day (PND) 14. Hypothalamic and hepatic tissues were collected from one female and one male pup per litter on PND 0 and PND 14. Expression of genes involved in energy homeostasis, reproduction, glucose metabolism, and xenobiotic metabolism were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR. In the mediobasal hypothalamus, OPFR increased Pdyn, Tac2, Esr1, and Pparg in PND 14 females. In the liver, OPFR increased Pparg and suppressed Insr, G6pc, and Fasn in PND 14 males and increased Esr1, Foxo1, Dgat2, Fasn, and Cyb2b10 in PND 14 females. We also observed striking sex differences in gene expression that were dependent on the age of the pup. Collectively, these data suggest that maternal OPFR exposure alters hypothalamic and hepatic development by influencing neonatal gene expression in a sex-dependent manner. The long-lasting consequences of these changes in expression may disrupt puberty, hormone sensitivity, and metabolism of glucose, fatty acids, and triglycerides in the maturing juvenile.
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Reynolds LP, Borowicz PP, Caton JS, Crouse MS, Dahlen CR, Ward AK. Developmental Programming of Fetal Growth and Development. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2019; 35:229-247. [PMID: 31103178 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal stressors that affect fetal development result in "developmental programming," which is associated with increased risk of various chronic pathologic conditions in the offspring, including metabolic syndrome; growth abnormalities; and reproductive, immune, behavioral, or cognitive dysfunction that can persist throughout their lifetime and even across subsequent generations. Developmental programming thus can lead to poor health, reduced longevity, and reduced productivity. Current research aims to develop management and therapeutic strategies to optimize fetal growth and development and thereby overcome the negative consequences of developmental programming, leading to improved health, longevity, and productivity of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence P Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, NDSU Department 7630, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA.
| | - Pawel P Borowicz
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Core Lab, Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, NDSU Department 7630, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - Joel S Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, NDSU Department 7630, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - Matthew S Crouse
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, NDSU Department 7630, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - Carl R Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, NDSU Department 7630, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - Alison K Ward
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, NDSU Department 7630, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
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Csaba G. Hormonal Imprinting: The First Cellular-level Evidence of Epigenetic Inheritance and its Present State. Curr Genomics 2019; 20:409-418. [PMID: 32476998 PMCID: PMC7235388 DOI: 10.2174/1389202920666191116113524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormonal imprinting takes place perinatally at the first encounter between the developing hormone receptor and its target hormone. This process is needed for the normal function of the receptor-hormone pair and its effect is life-long. However, in this critical period, when the developmental window is open, related molecules (members of the same hormone family, synthetic hormones and hormone-like molecules, endocrine disruptors) also can be bound by the receptor, causing life-long faulty imprinting. In this case, the receptors’ binding capacity changes and alterations are caused at adult age in the sexual and behavioral sphere, in the brain and bones, inclination to diseases and manifestation of diseases, etc. Hereby, faulty hormonal imprinting is the basis of metabolic and immunological imprinting as well as the developmental origin of health and disease (DOHaD). Although the perinatal period is the most critical for faulty imprinting, there are other critical periods as weaning and adolescence, when the original imprinting can be modified or new imprintings develop. Hormonal imprinting is an epigenetic process, without changing the base sequence of DNA, it is inherited in the cell line of the imprinted cells and also transgenerationally (up to 1000 generations in unicellulars and up to the 3rd generation in mammals are justified). Considering the enormously growing number and amount of faulty imprinters (endocrine disruptors) and the hereditary character of faulty imprinting, this latter is threatening the whole human endocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Csaba
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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DeWitt JC, Patisaul HB. Endocrine disruptors and the developing immune system. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Rosin JM, Kurrasch DM. Bisphenol A and microglia: could microglia be responsive to this environmental contaminant during neural development? Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E279-E285. [PMID: 29812986 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00443.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the functional role of microglia in the developing brain. In our laboratory, we have become particularly intrigued as to whether fetal microglia in the embryonic brain are susceptible to maternal challenges in utero (e.g., maternal infection, stress) and, if so, whether their precocious activation could then adversely influence brain development. One such challenge that is newly arising in this field is whether microglia might be downstream targets to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as the plasticizer bisphenol A (BPA), which functions in part by mimicking estrogen structure and function. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that gestational exposure to BPA has adverse effects on brain development, although the exact mechanisms are still emerging. Given that microglia express estrogen receptors and steroid-producing enzymes, microglia might be an unappreciated target of BPA. Mechanistically, we propose that BPA binding to estrogen receptors within microglia initiates transcription of downstream target genes, which then leads to activation of microglia that can then perhaps adversely influence brain development. Here, we first briefly outline the current understanding of how microglia may influence brain development and then describe how this literature overlaps with our understanding of BPA's effects during similar time points. We also outline the current literature demonstrating that BPA exposure affects microglia. We conclude by discussing our thoughts on the mechanisms through which exposure to BPA could disrupt normal microglia functions, ultimately affecting brain development that could potentially lead to lasting behavioral effects and perhaps even neuroendocrine diseases such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Rosin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
| | - Deborah M Kurrasch
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
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Walley SN, Roepke TA. Perinatal exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds and the control of feeding behavior-An overview. Horm Behav 2018; 101:22-28. [PMID: 29107582 PMCID: PMC5938167 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that can interact with steroid and nuclear receptors or alter hormone production. Many studies have reported that perinatal exposure to EDC including bisphenol A, PCB, dioxins, and DDT disrupt energy balance, body weight, adiposity, or glucose homeostasis in rodent offspring. However, little information exists on the effects of perinatal EDC exposure on the control of feeding behaviors and meal pattern (size, frequency, duration), which may contribute to their obesogenic properties. Feeding behaviors are controlled centrally through communication between the hindbrain and hypothalamus with inputs from the emotion and reward centers of the brain and modulated by peripheral hormones like ghrelin and leptin. Discrete hypothalamic nuclei (arcuate nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, lateral and dorsomedial hypothalamus, and ventromedial nucleus) project numerous reciprocal neural connections between each other and to other brain regions including the hindbrain (nucleus tractus solitarius and parabrachial nucleus). Most studies on the effects of perinatal EDC exposure examine simple crude food intake over the course of the experiment or for a short period in adult models. In addition, these studies do not examine EDC's impacts on the feeding neurocircuitry of the hypothalamus-hindbrain, the response to peripheral hormones (leptin, ghrelin, cholecystokinin, etc.) after refeeding, or other feeding behavior paradigms. The purpose of this review is to discuss those few studies that report crude food or energy intake after perinatal EDC exposure and to explore the need for deeper investigations in the hypothalamic-hindbrain neurocircuitry and discrete feeding behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina N Walley
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Troy A Roepke
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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Gestational bisphenol S impairs placental endocrine function and the fusogenic trophoblast signaling pathway. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:1861-1876. [PMID: 29550860 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to bisphenolic chemicals during pregnancy occurs in > 90% of pregnancies. Bisphenolic compounds can cross the placental barrier reaching fetal circulation. However, the effects of emerging bisphenolic compounds, such as bisphenol S (BPS), on placental function remain untested. The aim was to determine if bisphenol A (BPA) or BPS, at an environmentally relevant dose, impairs placental function. Pregnant sheep were randomly distributed into three treatment groups (n = 7-8/group): control, BPA, and BPS. All animals received daily injections of corn oil (control), BPA, or BPS (0.5 mg/kg; s.c.; internal fetal doses were ~ 2.6 ng/mL unconjugated BPA and ~ 7.7 ng/mL of BPS) from gestational day 30-100. After a 20-day washout period, placentas were weighed and placentomes collected. Placental endocrine function was assessed on biweekly maternal blood samples. Gestational exposure to BPS, but not BPA, reduced maternal circulating pregnancy-associated glycoproteins without change in placental weight or placental stereology. BPS-exposed placentas had 50% lower e-cadherin protein expression, ~ 20% fewer binucleate cells, and ~ threefold higher glial cell missing-1 protein expression. BPA placentas were not affected highlighting the intrinsic differences among bisphenolic chemicals. This is the first study to demonstrate that gestational BPS can result in placental endocrine dysfunction and points to a dysregulation in the fusogenic trophoblast signaling pathway.
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Santos-Silva AP, Andrade MN, Pereira-Rodrigues P, Paiva-Melo FD, Soares P, Graceli JB, Dias GRM, Ferreira ACF, de Carvalho DP, Miranda-Alves L. Frontiers in endocrine disruption: Impacts of organotin on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 460:246-257. [PMID: 28774778 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (EDs), chemical substances widely used in industry and ubiquitously distributed in the environment, are able to interfere with the synthesis, release, transport, metabolism, receptor binding, action, or elimination of endogenous hormones. EDs affect homeostasis mainly by acting on nuclear and nonnuclear steroid receptors but also on serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and orphan receptors in addition to thyroid hormone receptors. Tributyltin (TBT), an ED widely used as a pesticide and biocide in antifouling paints, has well-documented actions that include inhibiting aromatase and affecting the nuclear receptors PPARγ and RXR. TBT exposure in humans and experimental models has been shown to mainly affect reproductive function and adipocyte differentiation. Since thyroid hormones play a fundamental role in regulating the basal metabolic rate and energy homeostasis, it is crucial to clarify the effects of TBT on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. Therefore, we review herein the main effects of TBT on important metabolic pathways, with emphasis on disruption of the thyroid axis that could contribute to the development of endocrine and metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Santos-Silva
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelle Novaes Andrade
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Pereira-Rodrigues
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisca Diana Paiva-Melo
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Soares
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) - Cancer Signalling & Metabolism, Porto, Portugal; Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology and Oncology, Medical Faculty of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Glaecir Roseni Mundstock Dias
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Claudia Freitas Ferreira
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Polo de Xerém/NUMPEX, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denise Pires de Carvalho
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Benjamin S, Masai E, Kamimura N, Takahashi K, Anderson RC, Faisal PA. Phthalates impact human health: Epidemiological evidences and plausible mechanism of action. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 340:360-383. [PMID: 28800814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Disregarding the rising alarm on the hazardous nature of various phthalates and their metabolites, ruthless usage of phthalates as plasticizer in plastics and as additives in innumerable consumer products continues due low their cost, attractive properties, and lack of suitable alternatives. Globally, in silico computational, in vitro mechanistic, in vivo preclinical and limited clinical or epidemiological human studies showed that over a dozen phthalates and their metabolites ingested passively by man from the general environment, foods, drinks, breathing air, and routine household products cause various dysfunctions. Thus, this review addresses the health hazards posed by phthalates on children and adolescents, epigenetic modulation, reproductive toxicity in women and men; insulin resistance and type II diabetes; overweight and obesity, skeletal anomalies, allergy and asthma, cancer, etc., coupled with the description of major phthalates and their general uses, phthalate exposure routes, biomonitoring and risk assessment, special account on endocrine disruption; and finally, a plausible molecular cross-talk with a unique mechanism of action. This clinically focused comprehensive review on the hazards of phthalates would benefit the general population, academia, scientists, clinicians, environmentalists, and law or policy makers to decide upon whether usage of phthalates to be continued swiftly without sufficient deceleration or regulated by law or to be phased out from earth forever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailas Benjamin
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940 2188, Japan; Enzyme Technology Laboratory, School of Biosciences, University of Calicut, Kerala 673 635, India.
| | - Eiji Masai
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940 2188, Japan
| | - Naofumi Kamimura
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940 2188, Japan
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940 2188, Japan
| | - Robin C Anderson
- USDA Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Panichikkal Abdul Faisal
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, School of Biosciences, University of Calicut, Kerala 673 635, India
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15
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Yang TC, Peterson KE, Meeker JD, Sánchez BN, Zhang Z, Cantoral A, Solano M, Tellez-Rojo MM. Bisphenol A and phthalates in utero and in childhood: association with child BMI z-score and adiposity. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 156:326-333. [PMID: 28390300 PMCID: PMC5482500 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between in utero and concurrent child urinary exposures to bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates with BMI z-score, waist circumference, and sum of triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness in Mexican children. METHODS Among participants (N=249) from the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to ENvironmental Toxicants study, we evaluated associations between maternal third trimester and concurrent urinary BPA and individual and summed phthalates metabolites (∑Di(2-ethylhexyl phthalate), ∑high molecular weight, ∑low molecular weight) with measures of weight status and adiposity in children aged 8-14 years. Linear regressions with specific-gravity corrected and natural log-transformed urinary concentrations were estimated, adjusting for covariates. Effect modification by sex was explored. RESULTS Prenatal urinary exposure to monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) was inversely associated with child's BMI z-score (β=-0.21, 95%CI: -0.41, -0.02) and child urinary exposure to mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP) was inversely associated with waist circumference (β=-1.85, 95%CI: -3.36, -0.35) and sum of skinfold thicknesses (β=-2.08, 95%CI: -3.80, -0.37) after adjusting for confounders. In the childhood exposure period, sex modified the relationships with BPA, MEHP, MBzP, monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP). In girls, increased BPA exposure was positively associated with sum of skinfold thickness (β=3.47, 95%CI: 0.05, 6.40) while increased MEHP was inversely associated with sum of skinfold thicknesses in boys (β=-2.95, 95%CI: -5.08, -0.82); these results remained in sensitivity analyses after excluding children who had initiated pubertal development (Tanner stage >1 for pubic hair). We did not observe relationships between summed phthalates metabolites at any exposure period with outcome measures. CONCLUSION Our results identified associations between urinary BPA and phthalates metabolites with measures of weight status and adiposity that differed by timing of exposure, sex, and pubertal status. Additional studies are needed to explore how associations may differ between those who are pre- and post-pubertal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany C Yang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Brisa N Sánchez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Maritsa Solano
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Martha M Tellez-Rojo
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Reynolds LP, Vonnahme KA. TRIENNIAL REPRODUCTION SYMPOSIUM: Developmental programming of fertility. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:2699-704. [PMID: 27482657 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2015 Triennial Reproduction Symposium focused on developmental programming of fertility. The topics covered during the morning session included the role of the placenta in programming of fetal growth and development, effects of feeding system and level of feeding during pregnancy on the annual production cycle and lifetime productivity of heifer offspring, effects of litter size and level of socialization postnatally on reproductive performance of pigs, effects of postnatal dietary intake on maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and onset of puberty in heifers, effects of housing systems on growth performance and reproductive efficiency of gilts, and effects of energy balance on sexual differentiation in rodent models. The morning session concluded with presentation of the American Society of Animal Science L. E. Casida Award for Excellence in Graduate Education to Dr. Michael Smith from the University of Missouri, Columbia, who shared his philosophy of graduate education. The afternoon session included talks on the role of epigenetic modifications in developmental programming and transgenerational inheritance of reproductive dysfunction, effects of endocrine disrupting compounds on fetal development and long-term physiology of the individual, and potential consequences of real-life exposure to environmental contaminants on reproductive health. The symposium concluded with a summary talk and the posing of 2 questions to the audience. From an evolutionary standpoint, programming and epigenetic events must be adaptive; when do they become maladaptive? If there are so many environmental factors that induce developmental programming, are we doomed, and if not, what is or are the solution or solutions?
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17
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Beiranvand S, Azadbakht A. Electrochemical switching with a DNA aptamer-based electrochemical sensor. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 76:925-933. [PMID: 28482608 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study was focused on the application of NH2-functionalized Fe3O4/gold nanoparticles (Fe3O4/AuNPs)-decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the development of electrochemical sensor for bisphenol A (BPA) detection. After the nanocomposite synthesis and its characterization, the optimization of the measurement conditions and working parameters of sensors were evaluated. Aminated detection probe (DNA aptamer) was surface confined on the NH2-functionalized Fe3O4/AuNPs surface using glutaraldehyde as a linker. The constructed nanoaptasensor incorporated the advantages of the neatly deposited Fe3O4/AuNPs and the covalent attachment of the detection probe at the surface of sensing interface. The results revealed that BPA could be detected in a wide linear range from 1 to 600nM with a low detection limit down to 300pM. Moreover, the resultant aptasensor exhibited good specificity, stability and reproducibility, indicating that the present strategy was promising for broad potential application in clinic assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Beiranvand
- Department of Chemistry, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Azadeh Azadbakht
- Department of Chemistry, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran.
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18
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Effects of a maternal high-fat diet on offspring behavioral and metabolic parameters in a rodent model. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2016; 8:75-88. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174416000490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Maternal diet-induced obesity can cause detrimental developmental origins of health and disease in offspring. Perinatal exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD) can lead to later behavioral and metabolic disturbances, but it is not clear which behaviors and metabolic parameters are most vulnerable. To address this critical gap, biparental and monogamous oldfield mice (Peromyscus polionotus), which may better replicate most human societies, were used in the current study. About 2 weeks before breeding, adult females were placed on a control or HFD and maintained on the diets throughout gestation and lactation. F1 offspring were placed at weaning (30 days of age) on the control diet and spatial learning and memory, anxiety, exploratory, voluntary physical activity, and metabolic parameters were tested when they reached adulthood (90 days of age). Surprisingly, maternal HFD caused decreased latency in initial and reverse Barnes maze trials in male, but not female, offspring. Both male and female HFD-fed offspring showed increased anxiogenic behaviors, but decreased exploratory and voluntary physical activity. Moreover, HFD offspring demonstrated lower resting energy expenditure (EE) compared with controls. Accordingly, HFD offspring weighed more at adulthood than those from control fed dams, likely the result of reduced physical activity and EE. Current findings indicate a maternal HFD may increase obesity susceptibility in offspring due to prenatal programming resulting in reduced physical activity and EE later in life. Further work is needed to determine the underpinning neural and metabolic mechanisms by which a maternal HFD adversely affects neurobehavioral and metabolic pathways in offspring.
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Neighborhood-Level Poverty at Menarche and Prepregnancy Obesity in African-American Women. J Pregnancy 2016; 2016:4769121. [PMID: 27418977 PMCID: PMC4932170 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4769121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Menarche is a critical time point in a woman's reproductive system development; exposures at menarche may influence maternal health. Living in a poorer neighborhood is associated with adult obesity; however, little is known if neighborhood factors at menarche are associated with prepregnancy obesity. Methods. We examined the association of neighborhood-level poverty at menarche with prepregnancy body mass index category in 144 pregnant African-American women. Address at menarche was geocoded to census tract (closest to year of menarche); neighborhood-level poverty was defined as the proportion of residents living under the federal poverty level. Cumulative logistic regression was used to examine the association of neighborhood-level poverty at menarche, in quartiles, with categorical prepregnancy BMI. Results. Before pregnancy, 59 (41%) women were obese. Compared to women in the lowest neighborhood-level poverty quartile, women in the highest quartile had 2.9 [1.2, 6.9] times higher odds of prepregnancy obesity; this was slightly attenuated after adjusting for age, marital status, education, and parity (odds ratio: 2.3 [0.9, 6.3]). Conclusions. Living in a higher poverty neighborhood at menarche is associated with prepregnancy obesity in African-American women. Future studies are needed to better understand the role of exposures in menarche on health in pregnancy.
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Combined Effects of Prenatal Exposures to Environmental Chemicals on Birth Weight. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13050495. [PMID: 27187434 PMCID: PMC4881120 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13050495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal chemical exposure has been frequently associated with reduced fetal growth by single pollutant regression models although inconsistent results have been obtained. Our study estimated the effects of exposure to single pollutants and mixtures on birth weight in 248 mother-child pairs. Arsenic, copper, lead, manganese and thallium were measured in cord blood, cadmium in maternal blood, methylmercury in maternal hair, and five organochlorines, two perfluorinated compounds and diethylhexyl phthalate metabolites in cord plasma. Daily exposure to particulate matter was modeled and averaged over the duration of gestation. In single pollutant models, arsenic was significantly associated with reduced birth weight. The effect estimate increased when including cadmium, and mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP) co-exposure. Combining exposures by principal component analysis generated an exposure factor loaded by cadmium and arsenic that was associated with reduced birth weight. MECPP induced gender specific effects. In girls, the effect estimate was doubled with co-exposure of thallium, PFOS, lead, cadmium, manganese, and mercury, while in boys, the mixture of MECPP with cadmium showed the strongest association with birth weight. In conclusion, birth weight was consistently inversely associated with exposure to pollutant mixtures. Chemicals not showing significant associations at single pollutant level contributed to stronger effects when analyzed as mixtures.
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Abstract
This communication approaches the Mahabharata through the prism of reproductive endocrinology. Descriptions of episodes related to reproduction are listed here, to provide fodder for the endocrinologically minded brain. The cases described here are perhaps, the first documented observations of fetal orgasm, pseudocyesis and assisted reproductive technology, including assisted insemination by donor, induction of ovulation, and in vitro fertilization as well as precocious growth and intersex. We do not presume to offer a definite explanation for these interesting episodes from the Mahabharata. We do, however, hope to stimulate interest in ancient Indian literature, and encourage a literary "forensic endocrine" analysis of events relevant to our specialty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Kalra
- Department of Obstetrics, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Manash P. Baruah
- Department of Endocrinology, Excel Hospitals, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Obstetrics, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, Haryana, India
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22
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Kim SG, Lee JS, Jun J, Shin DH, Jang J. Ultrasensitive Bisphenol A Field-Effect Transistor Sensor Using an Aptamer-Modified Multichannel Carbon Nanofiber Transducer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:6602-6610. [PMID: 26883578 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a known endocrine-disrupting compound (EDC) that has a structure similar to that of the hormone estrogen. Even low concentrations of BPA are able to bind estrogen receptors, thereby inducing severe diseases such as reproductive disorders, chronic diseases, and various types of cancer. Despite such serious effects, the use of BPA remains widespread. Therefore, monitoring of both dietary and nondietary exposure to BPA is important for human healthcare. Herein, we present a field-effect transistor (FET) sensor using aptamer-modified multichannel carbon nanofibers (MCNFs) to detect BPA. The MCNFs are fabricated via single-nozzle electrospinning of two immiscible polymer solutions followed by thermal treatment in an inert atmosphere. The MCNFs are then oxidized using a solution of HNO3 and H2SO4 to introduce carboxyl groups on the surface of the fibers. The carboxyl-functionalized MCNFs (CMCNFs) are immobilized on an amine-functionalized electrode substrate by forming a covalent bond, and amine-functionalized BPA-binding aptamers are modified in the same manner on the CMCNFs. The resulting FET sensors exhibit a high sensitivity, as well as specificity toward BPA at an unprecedentedly low concentration of 1 fM. Furthermore, these sensors are stable and could be reused for repeated assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Gun Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University , 599 Gwanangno, Gwanakgu, Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - Jun Seop Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University , 599 Gwanangno, Gwanakgu, Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - Jaemoon Jun
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University , 599 Gwanangno, Gwanakgu, Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University , 599 Gwanangno, Gwanakgu, Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - Jyongsik Jang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University , 599 Gwanangno, Gwanakgu, Seoul 151-742 Korea
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23
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Cao J, Echelberger R, Liu M, Sluzas E, McCaffrey K, Buckley B, Patisaul HB. Soy but not bisphenol A (BPA) or the phytoestrogen genistin alters developmental weight gain and food intake in pregnant rats and their offspring. Reprod Toxicol 2015. [PMID: 26216788 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are hypothesized to promote obesity and early puberty but their interactive effects with hormonally active diets are poorly understood. Here we assessed individual and combinatorial effects of soy diet or the isoflavone genistein (GEN; administered as the aglycone genistin GIN) with bisphenol A (BPA) on body weight, ingestive behavior and female puberal onset in Wistar rats. Soy-fed dams gained less weight during pregnancy and, although they consumed more than dams on a soy-free diet during lactation, did not become heavier. Their offspring (both sexes), however, became significantly heavier (more pronounced in males) pre-weaning. Soy also enhanced food intake and accelerated female pubertal onset in the offspring. Notably, pubertal onset was also advanced in females placed on soy diet at weaning. Males exposed to BPA plus soy diet, but not BPA alone, had lighter testes. BPA had no independent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Cao
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Roger Echelberger
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Emily Sluzas
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Katherine McCaffrey
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Brian Buckley
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Abstract
Brain development is an organized, but constantly adaptive, process in which genetic and epigenetic signals allow neurons to differentiate, to migrate, and to develop correct connections. Gender specific prenatal sex hormone milieu participates in the dimorphic development of many neuronal networks. Environmental cues may interfere with these developmental programs, producing adverse outcomes. Bisphenol A (BPA), an estrogenic/antiandrogenic endocrine disruptor widely diffused in the environment, produces adverse effects at levels below the acceptable daily intake. This review analyzes the recent literature on the consequences of perinatal exposure to BPA environmental doses on the development of a dimorphic brain. The BPA interference with the development and function of the neuroendocrine hypothalamus and of the nuclei controlling energy balance, and with the hippocampal memory processing is also discussed. The detrimental action of BPA appears complex, involving different hormonal and epigenetic pathways activated, often in a dimorphic way, within clearcut susceptibility windows. To date, discrepancies in experimental approaches and in related outcomes make unfeasible to translate the available information into clear dose-response models for human risk assessment. Evaluation of BPA brain levels in relation to the appearance of adverse effects in future basic studies will certainly give better definition of the warning threshold for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Negri-Cesi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Biomedicine and Endocrinology, INBB Research Unit, Milano, Italy
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Yan Z, Zhang H, Maher C, Arteaga-Solis E, Champagne FA, Wu L, McDonald JD, Yan B, Schwartz GJ, Miller RL. Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, adiposity, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ methylation in offspring, grand-offspring mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110706. [PMID: 25347678 PMCID: PMC4210202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale Greater levels of prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) have been associated with childhood obesity in epidemiological studies. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Objectives We hypothesized that prenatal PAH over-exposure during gestation would lead to weight gain and increased fat mass in offspring and grand-offspring mice. Further, we hypothesized that altered adipose gene expression and DNA methylation in genes important to adipocyte differentiation would be affected. Materials and Methods Pregnant dams were exposed to a nebulized PAH mixture versus negative control aerosol 5 days a week, for 3 weeks. Body weight was recorded from postnatal day (PND) 21 through PND60. Body composition, adipose cell size, gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP) α, cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2, fatty acid synthase (FAS) and adiponectin, and DNA methylation of PPAR γ, were assayed in both the offspring and grand-offspring adipose tissue. Findings Offspring of dams exposed to greater PAH during gestation had increased weight, fat mass, as well as higher gene expression of PPAR γ, C/EBP α, Cox2, FAS and adiponectin and lower DNA methylation of PPAR γ. Similar differences in phenotype and DNA methylation extended through the grand-offspring mice. Conclusions Greater prenatal PAH exposure was associated with increased weight, fat mass, adipose gene expression and epigenetic changes in progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghai Yan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care of Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Hanjie Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care of Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Christina Maher
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care of Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Emilio Arteaga-Solis
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Frances A. Champagne
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Licheng Wu
- Departments of Medicine and Neuroscience, Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jacob D. McDonald
- Department of Toxicology, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Beizhan Yan
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, United States of America
| | - Gary J. Schwartz
- Departments of Medicine and Neuroscience, Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rachel L. Miller
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care of Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Crespi EJ, Unkefer MK. Development of food intake controls: neuroendocrine and environmental regulation of food intake during early life. Horm Behav 2014; 66:74-85. [PMID: 24727079 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "Energy Balance". The development of neuroendocrine regulation of food intake during early life has been shaped by natural selection to allow for optimal growth and development rates needed for survival. In vertebrates, neonates or early larval forms typically exhibit "feeding drive," characterized by a developmental delay in 1) responsiveness of the hypothalamus to satiety signals (e.g., leptin, melanocortins) and 2) sensitivity to environmental cues that suppress food intake. Homeostatic regulation of food intake develops once offspring transition to later life history stages when growth is slower, neuroendocrine systems are more mature, and appetite becomes more sensitive to environmental or social cues. Across vertebrate groups, there is a tremendous amount of developmental plasticity in both food intake regulation and stress responsiveness depending on the environmental conditions experienced during early life history stages or by pregnant/brooding mothers. This plasticity is mediated through the organizing effects of hormones acting on the food intake centers of the hypothalamus during development, which alter epigenetic expression of genes associated with ingestive behaviors. Research is still needed to reveal the mechanisms through which environmental conditions during development generate and maintain these epigenetic modifications within the lifespan or across generations. Furthermore, more research is needed to determine whether observed patterns of plasticity are adaptive or pathological. It is clear, however, that developmental programming of food intake has important effects on fitness, and therefore, has ecological and evolutionary implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica J Crespi
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Margaret K Unkefer
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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