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Luo N, Chen J, Chen X, Wang M, Niu X, Chen G, Deng C, Gao Y, Li G, An T. Toxicity evolution of triclosan during environmental transformation and human metabolism: Misgivings in the post-pandemic era. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108927. [PMID: 39121826 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
In the context of pandemic viruses and pathogenic bacteria, triclosan (TCS), as a typical antibacterial agent, is widely used around the world. However, the health risks from TCS increase with exposure, and it is widespread in environmental and human samples. Notably, environmental transformation and human metabolism could induce potentially undesirable risks to humans, rather than simple decontamination or detoxification. This review summarizes the environmental and human exposure to TCS covering from 2004 to 2023. Particularly, health impacts from the environmental and metabolic transformation of TCS are emphasized. Environmental transformations aimed at decontamination are recognized to form carcinogenic products such as dioxins, and ultraviolet light and excessive active chlorine can promote the formation of these dioxin congeners, potentially threatening environmental and human health. Although TCS can be rapidly metabolized for detoxification, these processes can induce the formation of lipophilic ether metabolic analogs via cytochrome P450 catalysis, causing possible adverse cross-talk reactions in human metabolic disorders. Accordingly, TCS may be more harmful in environmental transformation and human metabolism. In particular, TCS can stimulate the transmission of antibiotic resistance even at trace levels, threatening public health. Considering these accruing epidemiological and toxicological studies indicating the multiple adverse health outcomes of TCS, we call on environmental toxicologists to pay more attention to the toxicity evolution of TCS during environmental transformation and human metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Luo
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaolin Niu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guanhui Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuyue Deng
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanpeng Gao
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Yang Z, Zhang J, Wang M, Wang X, Liu H, Zhang F, Fan H. Prenatal endocrine-disrupting chemicals exposure and impact on offspring neurodevelopment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurotoxicology 2024; 103:335-357. [PMID: 39013523 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Considering that endocrine disruptors have certain effects on fetal growth, we conducted a systematic review of epidemiological literature to elucidate the correlation between exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals during pregnancy and the neurodevelopment of offspring. METHOD We systematically explored PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases from inception to April 4, 2023. References from pertinent studies were reviewed, and data regarding the link between maternal prenatal EDC exposure and offspring neurological development were compiled. A domain-based approach was used to evaluate studies of neurodevelopmental effects in children ≤3 years old by two reviewers, including cognition, motor, behavior, language, and non-verbal ability. RESULTS A comprehensive search yielded 45,373 articles, from which 48 articles, involving 26,005 mother-child pairs, met the criteria and were subsequently included in our analysis. The results revealed that EDC exposure during pregnancy had a significant impact on offspring neurobehavior development, especially in cognition, motor, and language. Our findings indicated adverse associations between prenatal exposure to metals and offspring cognition (before 12 months: β coefficient: -0.28; 95 % CI, -0.50 to -0.06; 1-3 years old: β coefficient: -0.55; 95 % CI: -1.08 to -0.02). Furthermore, metals (β coefficient: -0.71; 95 % CI: -1.23 to -0.19) and phthalates (β coefficient: -0.69; 95 % CI: -1.05 to -0.33) exposure exhibited detrimental effects on motor development from1-3 years old, while poly-fluoroalkyl substances were linked to the disruption of offspring language development (β coefficient: -1.01; 95 % CI: -1.90 to -0.11) within this timeframe. Additionally, exposure to EDCs during pregnancy had a negative impact on cognition development among girls from 12 to 36 months of age (β coefficient: -0.53; 95 % CI: -1.01 to -0.06). CONCLUSION Prenatal exposure to EDCs, especially metals, phthalates and, poly-fluoroalkyl substances, was associated with disrupting the development of offspring neurobehavior in the short and long term. Additionally, cognitive development showed gender differences due to prenatal endocrine-disrupting chemicals exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Yang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226007, China
| | - Mingbo Wang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huahua Liu
- Nantong Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226018, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hong Fan
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
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Street ME, Shulhai AM, Petraroli M, Patianna V, Donini V, Giudice A, Gnocchi M, Masetti M, Montani AG, Rotondo R, Bernasconi S, Iughetti L, Esposito SM, Predieri B. The impact of environmental factors and contaminants on thyroid function and disease from fetal to adult life: current evidence and future directions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1429884. [PMID: 38962683 PMCID: PMC11219579 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1429884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The thyroid gland regulates most of the physiological processes. Environmental factors, including climate change, pollution, nutritional changes, and exposure to chemicals, have been recognized to impact thyroid function and health. Thyroid disorders and cancer have increased in the last decade, the latter increasing by 1.1% annually, suggesting that environmental contaminants must play a role. This narrative review explores current knowledge on the relationships among environmental factors and thyroid gland anatomy and function, reporting recent data, mechanisms, and gaps through which environmental factors act. Global warming changes thyroid function, and living in both iodine-poor areas and volcanic regions can represent a threat to thyroid function and can favor cancers because of low iodine intake and exposure to heavy metals and radon. Areas with high nitrate and nitrite concentrations in water and soil also negatively affect thyroid function. Air pollution, particularly particulate matter in outdoor air, can worsen thyroid function and can be carcinogenic. Environmental exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals can alter thyroid function in many ways, as some chemicals can mimic and/or disrupt thyroid hormone synthesis, release, and action on target tissues, such as bisphenols, phthalates, perchlorate, and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances. When discussing diet and nutrition, there is recent evidence of microbiome-associated changes, and an elevated consumption of animal fat would be associated with an increased production of thyroid autoantibodies. There is some evidence of negative effects of microplastics. Finally, infectious diseases can significantly affect thyroid function; recently, lessons have been learned from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Understanding how environmental factors and contaminants influence thyroid function is crucial for developing preventive strategies and policies to guarantee appropriate development and healthy metabolism in the new generations and for preventing thyroid disease and cancer in adults and the elderly. However, there are many gaps in understanding that warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Street
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma and Unit of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Unit of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Parma, P. Barilla Children’s Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Anna-Mariia Shulhai
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma and Unit of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maddalena Petraroli
- Unit of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Parma, P. Barilla Children’s Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Viviana Patianna
- Unit of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Parma, P. Barilla Children’s Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Donini
- Unit of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Parma, P. Barilla Children’s Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonella Giudice
- Unit of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Parma, P. Barilla Children’s Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Margherita Gnocchi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma and Unit of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Masetti
- Unit of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Parma, P. Barilla Children’s Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Anna G. Montani
- Unit of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Parma, P. Barilla Children’s Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Rotondo
- Unit of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Parma, P. Barilla Children’s Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Unit of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Modena, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Susanna M. Esposito
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma and Unit of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Unit of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Parma, P. Barilla Children’s Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Barbara Predieri
- Unit of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Modena, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Laue HE, Lanphear BP, Calafat AM, Cecil KM, Chen A, Xu Y, Kalkwarf HJ, Madan JC, Karagas MR, Yolton K, Fleisch AF, Braun JM. Time-varying associations of gestational and childhood triclosan with pubertal and adrenarchal outcomes in early adolescence. Environ Epidemiol 2024; 8:e305. [PMID: 38617430 PMCID: PMC11008648 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Triclosan is an endocrine-disrupting chemical, but associations with pubertal outcomes remain unclear. We examined associations of gestational and childhood triclosan with adolescent hormone concentrations and pubertal stage. Methods We quantified urinary triclosan concentrations twice during pregnancy and seven times between birth and 12 years in participants recruited from Cincinnati, OH (2003-2006). We averaged concentrations across pregnancy and childhood and separately considered individual exposure periods in multiple informant models. At 12 years, we measured serum hormone concentrations (males [n = 72] and females [n = 84]-dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone; males-testosterone; females-estradiol). Also at age 12 years, participants self-reported physical development and menarchal timing. We estimated associations (95% confidence interval) of triclosan with hormone concentrations, more advanced physical development, and age at menarche. Results For females, each doubling of childhood triclosan was associated with 16% lower estradiol concentrations (-29%, 0%), with stronger associations for measures closer to adolescence. We found suggestive evidence that higher triclosan at any age was associated with ~10% (for gestational triclosan: -18%, -2%) lower follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations among males and early postnatal (1-3 years) triclosan was associated with 63% (5%, 96%) lower odds of advanced pubic hair development in females. In multiple informant models, each doubling of gestational triclosan concentrations was associated with 5% (0%, 9%) earlier age at menarche, equivalent to 5.5 months. Conclusion Gestational and childhood triclosan concentrations were related to some pubertal outcomes including hormone concentrations and age at menarche. Our findings highlight the relevance of elucidating potential sex-specific and time-dependent actions of triclosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Laue
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kim M. Cecil
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Heidi J. Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Juliette C. Madan
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Abby F. Fleisch
- Center for Interdisciplinary and Population Health Research, Maine Institute for Research, Portland, Maine
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Ebrahimi A, Ebrahimpour K, Mohammadi F, Moazeni M. Ecotoxicological and human health risk assessment of triclosan antibacterial agent from municipal wastewater treatment plants. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2024; 22:36-51. [PMID: 38295071 PMCID: wh_2023_070 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the occurrence and environmental risks related to triclosan (TCS) in the two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were investigated in Isfahan, Iran. Influent and effluent samples were collected and analyzed by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME)-GC-MS method with derivatization. Moreover, the risk of TCS exposure was conducted for aquatic organisms (algae, crustaceans, and fishes) and humans (males and females). TCS mean concentrations in influent and effluent of WWTPs were in the range of 3.70-52.99 and 0.83-1.09 μg/L, respectively. There were also no differences in the quantity of TCS and physicochemical parameters among the two WWTPs. The mean risk quotient (RQ) for TCS was higher than 1 (in algae) with dilution factors (DFs) equal to 1 in WWTP1. Moreover, the RQ value was higher than 1 for humans based on the reference dose of MDH (RFDMDH) in WWTP1. Furthermore, TCS concentration in wastewater effluent was the influential factor in varying the risk of TCS exposure. The results of the present study showed the risk of TCS exposure from the discharge of effluent of WWTP1 was higher than WWTP2. Moreover, the results of this study may be suitable for promoting WWTP processes to completely remove micropollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Ebrahimi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran E-mail: ;
| | - Karim Ebrahimpour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Malihe Moazeni
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Dufour P, Pirard C, Lebrethon MC, Charlier C. Associations between endocrine disruptor contamination and thyroid hormone homeostasis in Belgian type 1 diabetic children. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023:10.1007/s00420-023-01974-9. [PMID: 37071173 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-01974-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Humans are daily exposed to many environmental pollutants, some of which being suspected to be thyroid disruptors. Some populations could be particularly susceptible to thyroid disruption, such like diabetics due to the well-known relation between the thyroid function and the control of carbohydrate homeostasis by pancreas. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the associations between the exposure to several persistent and non-persistent chemicals and thyroid hormones levels in children with type 1 diabetes. METHODS Blood and urine sample were collected from 54 children diagnosed for type 1 diabetes mellitus. The concentrations of 7 phthalate metabolites, 4 parabens, 7 bisphenols, benzophenone 3 and triclosan were measured in urine, while 15 organochlorine pesticides, 4 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 7 perfluoroalkyl substances were analyzed in serum samples. In the same time, the blood levels of free thyroxine (fT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and glycated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac) were determined. RESULTS We highlighted positive associations between serum perfluorohexane sulfonate and urinary monoethylphthalate levels, and TSH level in blood. We also found that PCB 138 was positively associated to fT4 while urinary levels of bisphenol F were negatively correlated to this hormone. Finally, we observed positive associations between Hb1Ac levels and the contamination by PCB 153 and two urinary phthalate metabolites: mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate and mono-2-ethyl-5-oxoxyhexyl phthalate. CONCLUSION Our results showed that our small cohort of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus is potentially susceptible to thyroid disruptions by some pollutants. Moreover, for these children, both di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites would potentially hamper the glucose homeostasis. Nevertheless, additional studies are mandatory to further explore these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Dufour
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege (ULiège), CHU (B35), 1, Avenue de L'Hôpital, 4000, Liege, Belgium.
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research On Medicines (C.I.R.M.), University of Liege (ULiège), CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium.
| | - Catherine Pirard
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege (ULiège), CHU (B35), 1, Avenue de L'Hôpital, 4000, Liege, Belgium
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research On Medicines (C.I.R.M.), University of Liege (ULiège), CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Corinne Charlier
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege (ULiège), CHU (B35), 1, Avenue de L'Hôpital, 4000, Liege, Belgium
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research On Medicines (C.I.R.M.), University of Liege (ULiège), CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium
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Pullaguri N, Umale A, Bhargava A. Neurotoxic mechanisms of triclosan: The antimicrobial agent emerging as a toxicant. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23244. [PMID: 36353933 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Several scientific studies have suggested a link between increased exposure to pollutants and a rise in the number of neurodegenerative disorders of unknown origin. Notably, triclosan (an antimicrobial agent) is used in concentrations ranging from 0.3% to 1% in various consumer products. Recent studies have also highlighted triclosan as an emerging toxic pollutant due to its increasing global use. However, a definitive link is missing to associate the rising use of triclosan and the growing number of neurodegenerative disorders or neurotoxicity. In this article, we present systematic scientific evidence which are otherwise scattered to suggest that triclosan can indeed induce neurotoxic effects, especially in vertebrate organisms including humans. Mechanistically, triclosan affected important developmental and differentiation genes, structural genes, genes for signaling receptors and genes for neurotransmitter controlling enzymes. Triclosan-induced oxidative stress impacting cellular proteins and homeostasis which triggers apoptosis. Though the scientific evidence collated in this article unequivocally indicates that triclosan can cause neurotoxicity, further epidemiological studies may be needed to confirm the effects on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimha Pullaguri
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Ashwini Umale
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Anamika Bhargava
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Telangana, India
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Wu Q, Yang T, Chen L, Dai Y, Wei H, Jia F, Hao Y, Li L, Zhang J, Wu L, Ke X, Yi M, Hong Q, Chen J, Fang S, Wang Y, Wang Q, Jin C, Hu R, Chen J, Li T. Early life exposure to triclosan from antimicrobial daily necessities may increase the potential risk of autism spectrum disorder: A multicenter study in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114197. [PMID: 36274318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of complex neurodevelopmental disorders with unclear etiologies. Our recent work indicated that maternal exposure to triclosan (TCS) significantly increased the autistic-like behavior in rats, possibly through disrupting neuronal retinoic acid signaling. Although environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) have been associated with autism in humans, the relationship between TCS, one of the EEDs found in antibacterial daily necessities, and autism has received little attention. OBJECTIVE The aims of this multicenter study were to evaluate TCS concentrations in typically developing (TD) children and ASD children, and to determine the relationship between TCS levels and the core symptoms of ASD children. METHODS A total of 1345 children with ASD and 1183 TD children were enrolled from 13 cities in China. Ages ranged between 2 and 7 years. A questionnaire was used to investigate the maternal use of antibacterial daily necessities (UADN) during pregnancy. The core symptoms of ASD were evaluated using the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Social Response Scale (SRS), and the Children Neuropsychological and Behavior Scale-Revision 2016 (CNBS-R2016). The TCS concentration was measured using LC-MS/MS. RESULTS Maternal UADN during pregnancy may be an unrecognized potential environmental risk factor for ASD (OR=1.267, P = 0.023). Maternal UADN during pregnancy strongly correlated with TCS levels in the offspring (Adjusted β = 0.277, P < 0.001). TCS concentration was higher in ASD children (P = 0.005), and positively correlated with ABC (Sensory subscales: P = 0.03; Social self-help subscales: P = 0.011) and SRS scale scores (Social awareness subscales: P = 0.045; Social communication subscales: P = 0.001; Autism behavior mannerisms subscales: P = 0.006; SRS total score: P = 0.003) in ASD children. This association was more pronounced in boys than in girls. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first case-control study to examine the correlation between TCS and ASD. Our results suggest that maternal UADN during pregnancy may be a potential risk of ASD in offspring. Further detection of TCS levels showed that maternal UADN during pregnancy may be associated with excessive TCS exposure. In addition, the level of TCS in children with ASD is higher than TD children. The higher levels of TCS in children with ASD may be significantly associated with more pronounced core symptoms, and this association was more significant in male children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qionghui Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Dai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Feiyong Jia
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Hao
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Children Rehabilitation, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Children Health Care Center, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Lijie Wu
- Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ke
- Child Mental Health Research Center of Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingji Yi
- Department of Child Health Care, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Hong
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Baoan, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinjin Chen
- Department of Child Healthcare, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuanfeng Fang
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yichao Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Deyang Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunhua Jin
- Department of Children Health Care, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Ronggui Hu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.
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9
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Zhang J, Wang Z, Dai Y, Zhang L, Guo J, Lv S, Qi X, Lu D, Liang W, Cao Y, Wu C, Chang X, Zhou Z. Multiple mediation effects on association between prenatal triclosan exposure and birth outcomes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114226. [PMID: 36049513 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triclosan is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial, and was thought to affect intrauterine development, but the mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To explore the association between prenatal triclosan exposure and birth outcomes. METHODS Based on 726 mother-child pairs from the Sheyang Mini Birth Cohort Study (SMBCS), we used the available (published) data of triclosan in maternal urines, the hormones including thyroid-related hormones, gonadal hormones in cord blood, and adipokines, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors in cord blood to explore possible health effects of triclosan on birth outcomes through assessing different hormones and parameters, using Bayesian mediation analysis. RESULTS Maternal triclosan exposure was associated with ponderal index (β = 0.317) and head circumference (β = -0.172) in generalized linear models. In Bayesian mediation analysis of PI model, estradiol (β = 0.806) and trimethylamine (TMA, β = 0.164) showed positive mediation effects, while total thyroxine (TT4, β = -0.302), leptin (β = -2.023) and TMAO (β = -0.110) showed negative mediation effects. As for model of head circumference, positive mediation effects were observed in free thyroxine (FT4, β = 0.493), TMA (β = 0.178), and TMAO (β = 0.683), negative mediation effects were observed in TT4 (β = -0.231), testosterone (β = -0.331), estradiol (β = -1.153), leptin (β = -2.361), choline (β = -0.169), betaine (β = -0.104), acetyl-L-carnitine (β = -0.773). CONCLUSION The results indicated triclosan can affect intrauterine growth by interfering thyroid-related hormones, gonadal hormones, adipokines, TMAO and its precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiming Zhang
- School of Public Health / MOE Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety / NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Public Health / MOE Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety / NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yiming Dai
- School of Public Health / MOE Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety / NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Public Health / MOE Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety / NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jianqiu Guo
- School of Public Health / MOE Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety / NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Shenliang Lv
- School of Public Health / MOE Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety / NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Qi
- School of Public Health / MOE Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety / NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
| | - Dasheng Lu
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| | - Weijiu Liang
- Changning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.39 Yunwushan Road, Shanghai, 200051, China.
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, 70182, Sweden; Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden.
| | - Chunhua Wu
- School of Public Health / MOE Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety / NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiuli Chang
- School of Public Health / MOE Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety / NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health / MOE Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety / NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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10
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Moore BF, Kreitner KJ, Starling AP, Martenies SE, Magzamen S, Clark M, Dabelea D. Early-life exposure to tobacco and childhood adiposity: Identifying windows of susceptibility. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12967. [PMID: 36350199 PMCID: PMC10035041 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life exposure to tobacco is associated with obesity, but the most susceptible developmental periods are unknown. OBJECTIVE To explore windows of susceptibility in a cohort of 568 mother-child pairs. METHODS We measured seven measures of tobacco exposure (five self-reported and two biomarkers) spanning from pre-conception to age 5 years. Mothers self-reported active smoking (pre-conception, 17 weeks, and delivery) and household smokers (5 and 18 months postnatally). Cotinine was measured in maternal urine (27 weeks) and child urine (5 years). Adiposity (fat mass percentage) was measured at birth and 5 years via air displacement plethysmography. Using a multiple informant approach, we tested whether adiposity (5 years) and changes in adiposity (from birth to 5 years) differed by the seven measures of tobacco exposure. RESULTS The associations may depend on timing. For example, only pre-conception (β = 3.1%; 95% CI: 1.0-5.1) and late gestation (β = 4.0%; 95% CI: 0.4-7.6) exposures influenced adiposity accretion from birth to 5 years (p for interaction = 0.01). Early infancy exposure was also associated with 1.7% higher adiposity at 5 years (95% CI: 0.1-3.2). Mid-pregnancy and early childhood exposures did not influence adiposity. CONCLUSIONS Pre-conception, late gestation, and early infancy exposures to tobacco may have the greatest impact on childhood adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna F. Moore
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kimberly J. Kreitner
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Anne P. Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sheena E. Martenies
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Sheryl Magzamen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Maggie Clark
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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11
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Sarzo B, Abumallouh R, Marín N, Llop S, Beneito A, Lopez-Flores I, Ferrero N, Sakhi AK, Ballester F, Lopez-Espinosa MJ. Association between phenols and thyroid hormones: The role of iodothyronine deiodinase genes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119926. [PMID: 35964788 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous literature on prenatal phenol exposure and thyroid hormone (TH) alteration is conflicting, and the possible mechanisms of action involved remain unclear. We aimed to examine the association between prenatal phenol exposure and levels of maternal and neonatal THs, as well as the possible role of iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO) gene polymorphisms in this relation. We studied 387 Spanish mother-neonate pairs with measurements of maternal phenols, total triiodothyronine (TT3) and free thyroxine (FT4), maternal and neonatal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and maternal genotypes for single nucleotide polymorphisms in the DIO1(rs2235544) and DIO2(rs12885300) genes. We implemented multivariate linear and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regressions to examine the association between phenols and THs (including sex-stratified models for neonatal TSH) and investigated effect modification of genotypes in the maternal phenol-TH associations. In single exposure models, we found negative associations between maternal triclosan (TCS) and neonatal TSH (% change [95%CI]: -2.95 [-5.70, -0.11], per twofold phenol increase) - stronger for girls - and less clearly for maternal ethylparaben (EPB) and TSH (-2.27 [-4.55, 0.07]). In phenol mixture models, we found no association with THs. In the genetic interaction models, we found some evidence of effect modification of DIO gene polymorphisms with stronger negative associations between methylparaben (MPB), propylparaben (PPB), butylparaben (BPB) and TT3 as well as bisphenol A (BPA) and FT4 for DIO1(rs2235544)-CC. Stronger inverse associations for genotypes DIO2(rs12885300)-CC and DIO2(rs12885300)-CT and positive ones for DIO2(rs12885300)-TT were also reported for BPA and FT4. In conclusion, we found some evidence of an association between phenols and TSH during pregnancy and at birth in single exposure models, the latter being stronger for girls. Since no association was observed between maternal levels of phenols and TT3 or FT4, the possible role of the genetic background in these associations warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Sarzo
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain; Department of Microbiology and Ecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Reem Abumallouh
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Marín
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sabrina Llop
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Andrea Beneito
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Nerea Ferrero
- Clinical Chemistry Unit, Public Health Laboratory of Bilbao, Bizcaia, Spain
| | | | - Ferran Ballester
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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12
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Effect of Maternal Triclosan Exposure on Neonatal Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Levels: A Cross-Sectional Study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2022:3082304. [PMID: 36213011 PMCID: PMC9534696 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3082304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study is aimed at assessing the relationship between maternal urinary triclosan (uTCS) exposure and the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level of infant cord blood. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2019-2020 in Isfahan, Iran, and 99 pregnant women participated in the study. Urine samples were collected after the 28th week of pregnancy, and the concentration of TCS was measured using GC/MS. The cord blood levels of TSH (CBL-TSH) were measured. The association between uTCS and CBL-TSH was examined based on the general linear model. Results TCS was detected (≥0.01 ng/mL) in 100% of the urine samples, with the interquartile range (25%-75%) of uTCS levels 0.6-6.23 μg/g Cr. uTCS was not associated with CBL-TSH after adjustment for covariates. A significant relationship was observed between CBL-TSH of neonates born to mothers who had given birth only once compared to mothers who had given birth twice or more times. Conclusions Maternal exposure to TCS did not affect the infant CBL-TSH. However, the high concentrations of TCS in maternal urinary samples indicate the necessity of more precise regulations to decrease the use of this chemical in the industry and increase public awareness about using TCS-free compounds.
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13
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Marques AC, Mariana M, Cairrao E. Triclosan and Its Consequences on the Reproductive, Cardiovascular and Thyroid Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911427. [PMID: 36232730 PMCID: PMC9570035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hygiene is essential to avoid diseases, and this is thanks to daily cleaning and disinfection habits. Currently, there are numerous commercial products containing antimicrobial agents, and although they are efficient in disinfecting, it is still not known the effect of the constant use of these products on human health. In fact, a massive use of disinfectants has been observed due to COVID-19, but the possible adverse effects are not yet known. Triclosan is one of the antimicrobial agents used in cosmetic products, toothpaste, and disinfectants. This compound is an endocrine disruptor, which means it can interfere with hormonal function, with its estrogenic and androgenic activity having already been stated. Even if the use of triclosan is well-regulated, with the maximum allowed concentration in the European Union of 0.3% (m/m), its effects on human health are still uncertain. Studies in animals and humans suggest the possibility of harmful health outcomes, particularly for the reproductive system, and in a less extent for the cardiovascular and thyroid functions. Thus, the purpose of this review was to analyse the possible implications of the massive use of triclosan, mainly on the reproductive and cardiovascular systems and on the thyroid function, both in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Marques
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Melissa Mariana
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elisa Cairrao
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-275-329-049
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14
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Hu Y, Ding G, Lv C, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Yuan T, Ao J, Gao Y, Xia Y, Yu X, Tian Y. Association between triclosan exposure and obesity measures among 7-year-old children in northern China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 239:113610. [PMID: 35569301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triclosan (TCS) is a widely used synthetic antibacterial compound with ubiquitous human exposure. Animal studies have suggested the obesogenic effect of TCS exposure, but knowledge regarding its impacts on childhood obesity was limited. OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations of TCS exposure with childhood obesity in northern China. METHODS This study included 423 children who participated in the 7-year-old follow-up visits of Laizhou Wan Birth Cohort in Shandong, northern China. Children's TCS exposure were determined in spot urine samples via high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass. Their height, weight, waist circumference, body fat percentage, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were measured or calculated. BMI z-score ≥ 85th percentile was defined as overweight/obesity, and WHtR ≥ 0.5 was considered to be abdominal obesity. Multivariable linear regressions, generalized linear models (GLMs), and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to examine the associations between TCS exposure and obesity measures in children. RESULTS Linear regressions showed that TCS concentrations, when treated as continuous variables, were positively associated with BMI z-score (β = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.24) and body fat percentage (β = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.13, 1.52). When TCS concentrations were categorized as a four-level ordinal variable, the results of GLMs were similar those of continuous variables and both of the positive trends were significant (p-trend = 0.049 for BMI z-score; p-trend = 0.023 for body fat percentage). Moreover, the higher TCS levels versus reference group were associated with an approximate 2-3 fold increased risk of abdominal obesity (p-trend = 0.044). CONCLUSION Exposure to TCS was positively associated with obesity measures among 7-year-old children in northern, China. Given to the cross-sectional study design, a large prospective study is warranted to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Center for Medical Bioinformatics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Guodong Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qianlong Zhang
- MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junjie Ao
- MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiaodan Yu
- MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Ying Tian
- MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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15
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Hao Y, Guo X, Wang X, Shi X, Shi M, Meng L, Gong M, Fu Y, Zhao Y, Du Y, Yang R, Li W, Lian K, Song L, Wang S, Li Y, Shi Y, Shi H. Maternal exposure to triclosan during lactation alters social behaviors and the hippocampal ultrastructure in adult mouse offspring. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 449:116131. [PMID: 35718130 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that exposure to triclosan (TCS), a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent, affects social behaviors in adult mice, however, the long-lasting effects of TCS exposure during early life on social behaviors are still elusive. The present study aimed to investigate the long-lasting impacts of adding TCS to the maternal drinking water during lactation on the social behaviors of adult mouse offspring and to explore the potential mechanism underlying these effects. The behavioral results showed that TCS exposure decreased body weight, increased depression-like behavior and decreased social dominance in both male and female offspring, as well as increased anxiety-like behavior and bedding preference in female offspring. In addition, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) indicated that TCS exposure increased peripheral proinflammatory cytokine levels, altered serum oxytocin (OT) levels, and downregulated the expression of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) in the hippocampus. Morphological analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated that exposure to TCS induced morphological changes to synapses and neurons in the hippocampus of offspring. These findings suggested that TCS exposure during lactation contributed to abnormal social behaviors accompanied by increased peripheral inflammation and altered hippocampal neuroplasticity, which provides a deeper understanding of the effects of TCS exposure during early life on brain function and behavioral phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, China
| | - Xiangfei Guo
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, China
| | - Xinhao Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, China
| | - Xiaorui Shi
- Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxu Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Li Meng
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Miao Gong
- Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, China; Experimental Center for Teaching, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yaling Fu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, China
| | - Yuru Du
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, China
| | - Wenshuya Li
- Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, China
| | - Kaoqi Lian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Li Song
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, China
| | - Youdong Li
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China.
| | - Haishui Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, China.
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Sinicropi MS, Iacopetta D, Ceramella J, Catalano A, Mariconda A, Pellegrino M, Saturnino C, Longo P, Aquaro S. Triclosan: A Small Molecule with Controversial Roles. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:735. [PMID: 35740142 PMCID: PMC9220381 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS), a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, has been widely used in personal care products, medical products, plastic cutting boards, and food storage containers. Colgate Total® toothpaste, containing 10 mM TCS, is effective in controlling biofilm formation and maintaining gingival health. Given its broad usage, TCS is present ubiquitously in the environment. Given its strong lipophilicity and accumulation ability in organisms, it is potentially harmful to biohealth. Several reports suggest the toxicity of this compound, which is inserted in the class of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In September 2016, TCS was banned by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union in soap products. Despite these problems, its application in personal care products within certain limits is still allowed. Today, it is still unclear whether TCS is truly toxic to mammals and the adverse effects of continuous, long-term, and low concentration exposure remain unknown. Indeed, some recent reports suggest the use of TCS as a repositioned drug for cancer treatment and cutaneous leishmaniasis. In this scenario it is necessary to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of TCS, to understand whether its use is advisable or not. This review intends to highlight the pros and cons that are associated with the use of TCS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.S.); (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.S.); (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Jessica Ceramella
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.S.); (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Annaluisa Mariconda
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (A.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Michele Pellegrino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.S.); (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Carmela Saturnino
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (A.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Pasquale Longo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Stefano Aquaro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.S.); (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (S.A.)
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17
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Hao Y, Meng L, Zhang Y, Chen A, Zhao Y, Lian K, Guo X, Wang X, Du Y, Wang X, Li X, Song L, Shi Y, Yin X, Gong M, Shi H. Effects of chronic triclosan exposure on social behaviors in adult mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127562. [PMID: 34736200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS), a newly identified environmental endocrine disruptor (EED) in household products, has been reported to have toxic effects on animals and humans. The effects of TCS exposure on individual social behaviors and the potential underlying mechanisms are still unknown. This study investigated the behavioral effects of 42-day exposure to TCS (0, 50, 100 mg/kg) in drinking water using the open field test (OFT), social dominance test (SDT), social interaction test (SIT), and novel object recognition task (NOR). Using 16S rRNA sequencing analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we observed the effects of TCS exposure on the gut microbiota and ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons and synapses. Behavioral results showed that chronic TCS exposure reduced the social dominance of male and female mice. TCS exposure also reduced social interaction in male mice and impaired memory formation in female mice. Analysis of the gut microbiota showed that TCS exposure increased the relative abundance of the Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria phyla in female mice. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that TCS exposure induced ultrastructural damage to hippocampal neurons and synapses. These findings suggest that TCS exposure may affect social behaviors, which may be caused by altered gut microbiota and impaired plasticity of hippocampal neurons and synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Li Meng
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Aixin Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Kaoqi Lian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xiangfei Guo
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Xinhao Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Yuru Du
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Xuzi Li
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Li Song
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xi Yin
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Department of Functional Region of Diagnosis, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Miao Gong
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Experimental Center for Teaching, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
| | - Haishui Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China; Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
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18
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Sun M, Cao X, Wu Y, Shen L, Wei G. Prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and thyroid function in neonates: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 231:113215. [PMID: 35065506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone homeostasis is essential for normal brain development in fetuses and infants. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during pregnancy is associated with compromised maternal thyroid homeostasis, and thus may lead to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in newborns. However, evidence regarding the association of prenatal EDC exposure and thyroid hormones in newborns is controversial. Therefore, a meta-analysis to elucidate the relationship between maternal exposure to EDCs and neonatal THs was performed. A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) for relevant published studies that provided quantitative data on the association between prenatal EDC exposure and neonatal thyroid hormones was conducted in August 2021. To calculate the overall estimates, we pooled the adjusted β regression coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from each study by the inverse variance method. The pooling results indicated that prenatal EDC exposure had no significant influence on neonatal TSH, TT3, FT3, TT4 or FT4 level in the global assessment. However, in the specific exposure and outcome assessment, we found that prenatal exposure to organochlorine (β coefficient, -0.022; 95% CI, -0.04 to -0.003) and PFAS (β coefficient, -0.017; 95% CI, -0.033 to 0) was negatively associated with neonatal TT4 level. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to organochlorine and PFAS may be associated with lower neonatal TT4 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mang Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics; Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xining Cao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhao Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics; Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lianju Shen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics; Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China.
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics; Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
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19
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Homburg M, Rasmussen ÅK, Ramhøj L, Feldt-Rasmussen U. The Influence of Triclosan on the Thyroid Hormone System in Humans - A Systematic Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:883827. [PMID: 35721761 PMCID: PMC9202756 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.883827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Triclosan is an antibacterial agent suspected to disrupt the endocrine system. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of triclosan on the human thyroid system through a systematic literature review of human studies. METHODS Eligibility criteria and method of analysis were registered at Prospero (registration number: CRD42019120984) before a systematic search was conducted in Pubmed and Embase in October 2020. Seventeen articles were found eligible for inclusion. Thirteen studies were observational, while four had a triclosan intervention. Participants consisted of pregnant women in eight studies, of men and non-pregnant women in seven studies and of chord samples/newborns/children/adolescents in six studies. The outcomes were peripheral thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in blood samples. RESULTS Several studies found a negative association between triclosan and triiodothyronine and thyroxine, and a positive association with TSH; however, the opposite associations or no associations were also found. In general, the studies had limited measurement timepoints of thyroid outcomes, and the interventional studies used low concentrations of triclosan. Thus, study design limitations influence the quality of the dataset and it is not yet possible to conclude whether triclosan at current human exposure levels adversely affects the thyroid hormone system. CONCLUSIONS Further larger studies with more continuity and more elaborate outcome measurements of thyroid function are needed to clarify whether triclosan, at current exposure levels, affects the human thyroid hormone system. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42019120984, identifier PROSPERO (CRD42019120984).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Homburg
- Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Åse Krogh Rasmussen
- Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Ramhøj
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen
- Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen,
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20
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Patti MA, Henderson NB, Gajjar P, Eliot M, Jackson-Browne M, Braun JM. Gestational triclosan exposure and infant birth weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106854. [PMID: 34560323 PMCID: PMC8576608 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to triclosan, an antimicrobial chemical used in some personal care and cleaning products, has been associated with reduced birth weight in some, but not all epidemiological studies. OBJECTIVES We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to characterize the relation of gestational triclosan exposure with infant birth weight and identify sources of heterogeneity between studies. METHODS We identified original studies measuring urinary triclosan concentrations during pregnancy and reporting their association with infant birth weight, gestational age (GA) adjusted birth weight (g), or GA-standardized birth weight z-scores. Using a random effects model, we estimated differences in these outcomes per 10-fold increase in triclosan concentrations and considered triclosan levels and infant sex as sources of heterogeneity. Using Navigation Guide Methods, we evaluated risk of bias within individual studies and across the body of evidence. RESULTS Among thirteen studies, median triclosan concentrations varied by almost 2-orders of magnitude (0.6-29 ng/mL), with higher concentrations in North American and some European studies compared to Asian ones. Associations between triclosan and birth weight (β:-20 g; 95% CI:-65, 26; n = 6) were stronger than those for GA-adjusted birth weight (β:-12 g; 95% CI:-29, 5; n = 9). Triclosan was not associated with GA-standardized birth weight z-scores (β:-0.04; 95% CI:-0.16, 0.07; n = 5). The association between triclosan and GA-adjusted birth weight was stronger in studies with median triclosan values ≥10 ng/mL compared to studies with median values < 10 ng/mL (β:-27 g; 95% CI:-61, 7; n = 4 vs. β:6g; 95% CI:-20, 31; n = 5). With a limited number of studies, we observed suggestive evidence that inverse associations were more apparent in studies with ≥ 2 prospective triclosan measures compared to those with one measure. DISCUSSION Available evidence, with "low" risk of bias, provides limited evidence that triclosan exposure and reduces infant birth weight. We observed stronger inverse associations between triclosan concentrations and birth weight in populations with higher triclosan exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa A Patti
- Brown University School of Public Health, 121 S. Main Street, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
| | - Noelle B Henderson
- Brown University School of Public Health, 121 S. Main Street, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
| | - Priya Gajjar
- Brown University School of Public Health, 121 S. Main Street, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
| | - Melissa Eliot
- Brown University School of Public Health, 121 S. Main Street, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
| | | | - Joseph M Braun
- Brown University School of Public Health, 121 S. Main Street, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
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21
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Guilbert A, Rolland M, Pin I, Thomsen C, Sakhi AK, Sabaredzovic A, Slama R, Guichardet K, Philippat C. Associations between a mixture of phenols and phthalates and child behaviour in a French mother-child cohort with repeated assessment of exposure. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106697. [PMID: 34147998 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthetic phenols and phthalates can interfere with biological pathways involved in brain development. Despite the high within-subject temporal variability of urinary concentrations observed for their metabolites, studies investigating effects of phenols and phthalates on child behaviour often relied on a limited number of spot biospecimens to assess exposure. Besides, the majority did not consider mixture effects. OBJECTIVES To study the combined effect of prenatal exposure to synthetic phenols and phthalates on child behaviour using repeated exposure measurements. METHODS We assessed concentrations of 12 phenols, 13 phthalate and 2 non-phthalate plasticizer metabolites in within-subject pools of multiple urine samples (median = 21 samples per individual pool) collected at two distinct time points during pregnancy in 416 mother-child pairs from the French SEPAGES cohort. Child behaviour was evaluated at two years using the Child Behaviour Checklist 1.5-5 (CBCL). Associations between a mixture of biomarkers of exposure and externalizing and internalizing behaviour scores were studied using adjusted Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regressions with a repeated holdout validation (100 repetitions). RESULTS The positive WQS indexes were associated with both the externalizing and internalizing behaviour scores in the whole population, indicating greater risk of behavioural problems. Stratification for child sex suggested stronger associations in girls than boys. On average, girls externalizing and internalizing scores increased by 3.67 points (95% CI: 1.24, 6.10) and 2.47 points (95 %CI: 0.60, 4.33) respectively, for an increase of one tertile in the WQS index, compared with 1.70 points (95 %CI: -0.42, 3.81) and 1.17 points (95 %CI: -0.50, 2.84) in boys. Main contributors for the associations observed in girls were bisphenol A (weight of 18%), triclosan (17%) and monoethyl phthalate (MEP, 15%) for the externalizing score and MEP (19%), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP, 19%) and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP, 16%) for the internalizing score. DISCUSSION Our results suggest adverse associations between in utero exposure to a mixture of phenols and phthalates and child behaviour, mainly in girls. Public health consequences may be substantial due to the widespread exposure of the population to these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Guilbert
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble Alpes University, Inserm, CNRS, 38700 La Tronche, France.
| | - Matthieu Rolland
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble Alpes University, Inserm, CNRS, 38700 La Tronche, France.
| | - Isabelle Pin
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble Alpes University, Inserm, CNRS, 38700 La Tronche, France; Pediatric Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, 38700 La Tronche, France.
| | | | | | | | - Rémy Slama
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble Alpes University, Inserm, CNRS, 38700 La Tronche, France.
| | - Karine Guichardet
- Pediatric Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, 38700 La Tronche, France.
| | - Claire Philippat
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble Alpes University, Inserm, CNRS, 38700 La Tronche, France.
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22
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Pollock T, Arbuckle TE, Guth M, Bouchard MF, St-Amand A. Associations among urinary triclosan and bisphenol A concentrations and serum sex steroid hormone measures in the Canadian and U.S. Populations. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106229. [PMID: 33161203 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to triclosan, an antimicrobial agent, and bisphenol A (BPA), the monomer of polycarbonate plastics, is widespread. Endocrine-disrupting impacts of these chemicals have been demonstrated in in vitro studies, rodent toxicology studies, and some human observational studies. Here we compared urinary concentrations of triclosan and BPA in the Canadian and U.S. populations using nationally-representative data from the 2012-2015 Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) and the 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We then examined the cross-sectional associations of urinary triclosan or BPA with serum sex steroid hormones, including estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and testosterone (T), using multivariable regression. We observed differences in creatinine-standardized chemical concentrations between countries; urinary triclosan was higher in Canadian females aged 12-19 years, while BPA was higher in U.S. females aged 20-49 years. We also found significant associations among urinary chemicals and serum E2 and T, but not P4. Increasing triclosan was associated with higher levels of E2 in 6-11-year-old girls, but with lower levels of E2 and T in adolescent boys aged 12-19 years. Increasing BPA was associated with lower levels of E2 in 6-11-year-old boys and in adolescents aged 12-19 years of either sex. We observed a U-shaped association between urinary triclosan and E2 in male adults aged 50-79 years; no associations between BPA and hormones were detected in adults. These results, in accordance with the in vitro and animal literature, suggest that triclosan and BPA exposures may be cross-sectionally associated with altered reproductive hormone levels, especially in children and adolescents. Further research and prospective studies are necessary to elucidate country-specific differences in chemical exposures and the potential public health significance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Pollock
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Tye E Arbuckle
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margot Guth
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal & Research Centre of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Maryse F Bouchard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal & Research Centre of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Annie St-Amand
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Guo J, Wu C, Zhang J, Li W, Lv S, Lu D, Qi X, Feng C, Liang W, Chang X, Zhang Y, Xu H, Cao Y, Wang G, Zhou Z. Maternal and childhood urinary phenol concentrations, neonatal thyroid function, and behavioral problems at 10 years of age: The SMBCS study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140678. [PMID: 32653713 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental phenols, bisphenol A (BPA), triclosan (TCS), and benzophenone-3 (BP-3), are known as emerging endocrine-disrupting chemicals; however, their impacts on thyroid hormones and children's neurobehaviors are still unclear. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the associations of prenatal and childhood exposure to phenols with neonatal thyroid function and childhood behavioral problems aged 10 years. METHODS A total of 386 mother-singleton pairs were included from Sheyang Mini Birth Cohort Study (SMBCS), a longitudinal birth cohort in China. We quantified urinary BPA, TCS and BP-3 concentrations in maternal and 10-year-old children's urine samples using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and thyroid function parameters in cord serum samples. Caregivers completed the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for their children at 10 years of age. Multivariable linear regression models and logistic regression models were applied to estimate associations of urinary phenol concentrations with thyroid hormones and risks of children's behavioral problems, respectively. RESULTS The median values of urinary BPA, TCS and BP-3 concentrations for pregnant women were 1.75 μg/L, 0.54 μg/L and 0.37 μg/L, while 1.29 μg/L, 6.64 μg/L and 1.39 μg/L for children, respectively. Maternal urinary BPA concentrations were in associations with 1.00% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.20%, 1.92%] increases in cord serum FT4 concentrations and significantly associated with increased risks of total difficulties [odds ratio (OR): 1.45, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.97], while maternal urinary levels of BP-3 were significantly related to poorer prosocial behaviors (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.39) of children at 10 years of age. In sex-stratified analyses, maternal urinary BPA concentrations were related to increased total difficulty subscales only in boys. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicated that higher prenatal urinary BPA concentrations were associated with increased risks of total difficulties, especially in boys and maternal urinary BP-3 concentrations were related to poorer prosocial behaviors at 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiu Guo
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunhua Wu
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jiming Zhang
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenting Li
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shenliang Lv
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dasheng Lu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Xiaojuan Qi
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Weijiu Liang
- Changning District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.39 Yunwushan Road, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Xiuli Chang
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Changning District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.39 Yunwushan Road, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro 70182, Sweden
| | - Guoquan Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Gestational and childhood urinary triclosan concentrations and academic achievement among 8-year-old children. Neurotoxicology 2020; 78:170-176. [PMID: 32201332 PMCID: PMC7269031 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life exposure to triclosan, an antimicrobial chemical and suspected endocrine disruptor, may adversely affect neurodevelopment. No studies have examined gestational and early childhood exposure to triclosan and children's academic achievement. METHODS Using data from 193 mother-child pairs from the HOME Study, we quantified triclosan in maternal and child urine samples up to nine times between the second trimester of gestation (16-weeks) and age 8 years. At age 8 years, we administered the reading and math components of the Wide Range Achievement Test-4 (WRAT-4) to children. Using multiple informants models, we estimated covariate-adjusted associations of triclosan concentrations during each time period with WRAT-4 scores. We also tested whether associations differed by exposure period and child sex. RESULTS There was evidence that timing of exposure modified the associations between triclosan and reading composite scores (triclosan-exposure period interaction p-value = 0.20), but not math scores (interaction p-value = 0.72). Each 10-fold increase in triclosan concentrations at delivery was associated with lower reading composite scores (β:-2.6; 95 % CI:-5.0, -0.1). Additionally, we observed weaker and less precise inverse association of math scores with triclosan concentrations at delivery (β:-1.9; 95 % CI:-4.6, 0.8) and at age 1 year (β:-2.0; 95 % CI:-6.0, 2.1). There was not strong evidence that child sex modified the pattern of associations between repeated triclosan measures and WRAT-4 reading composite or math scores (sex-triclosan-exposure period interaction p-values>0.20). CONCLUSION Urinary triclosan concentrations at delivery and at age 1 year, but not other times during gestation or childhood, were associated with lower reading composite and to a lesser extent math test scores at age 8 years in this cohort of U.S. children.
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Guo J, Wu C, Zhang J, Xiao H, Lv S, Lu D, Qi X, Feng C, Liang W, Chang X, Zhang Y, Xu H, Cao Y, Wang G, Zhou Z. Early life triclosan exposure and neurodevelopment of children at 3 years in a prospective birth cohort. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 224:113427. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.113427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Chen D, Liu J, Yan W, Fang K, Xia Y, Lv W, Shi Z. Associations of Prenatal Exposure to Triclosan and Maternal Thyroid Hormone Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:607055. [PMID: 33519715 PMCID: PMC7839534 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.607055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantitatively evaluate associations between exposure to triclosan during pregnancy and maternal thyroid hormone levels. METHOD The databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were systematically searched to identify relevant studies on the relationship between prenatal exposure to triclosan and maternal levels of serum thyroid hormone published before October 22, 2019. Stata 12.0 was used to examine the heterogeneity among the eligible studies. RESULTS Seven studies involving a total of 4,136 participants were included. Overall, descriptive analysis provided no indication that exposure to TCS during pregnancy was related to either maternal FT4 levels (ES = 0.01, 95% CI: -0.03 to 0.05, P = 0.00) or TSH levels (ES = -0.03, 95% CI: -0.13 to 0.07, P = 0.412). Although the results were statistically insignificant, with the increase of urine TCS concentration, maternal FT4 levels exhibited a tendency to increase while TSH levels had a tendency to decrease during pregnancy. CONCLUSION The results indicated that exposure to triclosan during pregnancy has no significant influence on maternal levels of thyroid hormone. On account of the inconsistency of existing research designs and study locations, further studies and replication are necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiani Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kacey Fang
- Department of Cognitive Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Lv
- Healthcare Management Program, School of Business, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhonghua Shi, ; Wei Lv,
| | - Zhonghua Shi
- Department of Obstetrics, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhonghua Shi, ; Wei Lv,
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Derakhshan A, Shu H, Peeters RP, Kortenkamp A, Lindh CH, Demeneix B, Bornehag CG, Korevaar TIM. Association of urinary bisphenols and triclosan with thyroid function during early pregnancy. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105123. [PMID: 31521814 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenols and triclosan are considered as potential thyroid disruptors. While mild alterations in maternal thyroid function can result in adverse pregnancy and child developmental outcomes, there is still uncertainty whether bisphenols or triclosan can interfere with thyroid function during pregnancy. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the association of urinary bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (BPF) and triclosan with early pregnancy thyroid function. METHODS This study was embedded in the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal, Mother and child, Asthma and allergy study (SELMA), a population-based prospective pregnancy cohort. In total, 1996 participants were included in the current study. Maternal urinary concentrations of three bisphenols and triclosan, collected at median (95% range) 10 (6-14) weeks of pregnancy as well as serum concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), total thyroxine (TT4), and total triiodothyronine (TT3) were measured. RESULTS Higher BPA levels were associated with lower TT4 concentrations (non-monotonic, P = 0.03), a lower FT4/FT3 ratio (β [SE] -0.02 [0.01], P = 0.03) and a lower TT4/TT3 ratio (β [SE] -0.73 [0.27], P = 0.008). Higher BPF levels were associated with a higher FT3 (β [SE] 0.01 [0.007], P = 0.04). There were no associations between other bisphenols or triclosan and absolute TSH, (F)T4 or (F)T3 concentrations. The association of BPA with thyroid function differed with gestational age. The negative association of BPA with FT4/FT3 and TT4/TT3 ratios was only apparent in early but not late gestation (P for interaction: 0.003, 0.008, respectively). CONCLUSION These human data during pregnancy substantiate experimental findings suggesting that BPA could potentially affect thyroid function and deiodinase activities in early gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Derakhshan
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 15, 3051 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 15, 3051 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Huan Shu
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 15, 3051 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 15, 3051 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Kortenkamp
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University, London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Christian H Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- Laboratoire d'Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Carl-Gustaf Bornehag
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Tim I M Korevaar
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 15, 3051 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 15, 3051 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Jackson-Browne MS, Henderson N, Patti M, Spanier A, Braun JM. The Impact of Early-Life Exposure to Antimicrobials on Asthma and Eczema Risk in Children. Curr Environ Health Rep 2019; 6:214-224. [PMID: 31745828 PMCID: PMC6923583 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-019-00256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We examined recent research on associations of prenatal and early-childhood exposure to the antimicrobial compounds, triclosan, and parabens, with the risk of asthma and eczema in children. We will discuss potential biological mechanisms of this association and highlight strengths and limitations of the study design and exposure assessment of current findings. RECENT FINDINGS Results of available toxicological and epidemiologic studies indicate a potential link of triclosan and paraben exposures with asthma and eczema in children, as well as changes in microbiome diversity and immune dysfunction, which could possibly mediate an association with the health outcomes. A small number of studies suggest that triclosan and paraben exposures could be related to the risk of asthma and eczema in children. Although current findings are far from conclusive, there is emerging evidence that changes in microbiome diversity and immune function from antimicrobial exposure may mediate these relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medina S Jackson-Browne
- Epidemiology Program, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, 100 Discovery Blvd, 7th floor, Newark, DE, USA.
| | - Noelle Henderson
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Marisa Patti
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Adam Spanier
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Jackson-Browne MS, Papandonatos GD, Chen A, Yolton K, Lanphear BP, Braun JM. Early-life triclosan exposure and parent-reported behavior problems in 8-year-old children. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 128:446-456. [PMID: 30712883 PMCID: PMC6526084 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triclosan exposure may decrease circulating thyroxine levels or cause neuron apoptosis, which in turn may adversely affect neurodevelopment. However, few studies have examined the association of early life triclosan exposure with child behavior. OBJECTIVE To quantify the association between early-life triclosan exposure and child behavior at age 8-years in 202 mother-child pairs from the HOME study (Cincinnati, OH; enrolled: 2003-2006). METHODS We quantified urinary triclosan concentrations up to 3 times in mothers (16-weeks, 26-weeks, and delivery) and up to 6 times in children (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8 years). Parents rated children's problem behaviors at age 8-years using the Behavioral Assessment System for Children-2 (BASC-2). Adjusting for covariates and accounting for exposure measurement error, we estimated changes in behavior problem scores per 10-fold increase in mean gestational and childhood triclosan concentrations. In addition, we estimated sex-specific associations. RESULTS Child sex modified the association of gestational and childhood triclosan with several BASC-2 scales (sex × triclosan p-values < 0.2). In boys, increasing gestational triclosan was associated with higher behavioral symptom index (β: 4.5; 95% CI: 1.0, 8.1), externalizing problems (β: 5.0; 95% CI: 1.2, 9.0), attention problem (β: 6.6; 95% CI: 2.4, 11), hyperactivity (β: 6.4; 95% CI: 2.1, 11), and somatization (β: 3.8; 95% CI: 0.3, 7.3) scores. In contrast, triclosan-BASC-2 associations in girls were generally null and not statistically significant. We observed similar patterns of associations between childhood triclosan and these same behavioral scores; however, their magnitude decreased substantially after adjusting for gestational triclosan and associations were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION In this cohort, increasing gestational and childhood urinary triclosan concentrations were associated with higher behavior problem scores in 8-year old boys, but not girls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George D Papandonatos
- Department of Biostatistics, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Aimin Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- British Columbia Children's Hospital and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
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Dix-Cooper L, Kosatsky T. Use of antibacterial toothpaste is associated with higher urinary triclosan concentrations in Asian immigrant women living in Vancouver, Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 671:897-904. [PMID: 30947060 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triclosan is an antibacterial added to consumer products including toothpastes, cosmetics, and plastic cutting boards. Known to disrupt reproductive and hormonal functioning in animals, epidemiological studies indicate that exposure to triclosan may have similar effects on human health. METHODS 100 women aged 19 to 45 years born in India or China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan new to the Vancouver (Canada) area were recruited in 2015-2016 by word of mouth, public advertisements, and contacts in health and cultural organizations. Participants completed an interview which queried potential sources of triclosan exposure at home and at work and their urine was tested for triclosan by GC-MS. Determinants of urinary triclosan were assessed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS Triclosan was detected in 62% of urine samples, with an overall GM of 14.5 μg/L (95% CI: 9.7-21.7 μg/L; range: <LOD to 1900 μg/L). Colgate Total® toothpaste users had higher urinary triclosan concentrations (median = 34.0 μg/L) than non-users (median = 2.5 μg/L, ρ < 0.001), a result which was unaffected by adjustment for age, income, BMI, and country of birth. South Asian born women had elevated urinary triclosan compared to East Asian born women. CONCLUSION Triclosan exposure via a specific antibacterial toothpaste brand was identified in reproductive age newcomer women in Canada. Health education around brushing teeth well while using lower toothpaste volumes or choosing triclosan-free toothpaste would reduce triclosan exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dix-Cooper
- Environmental Health Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - T Kosatsky
- Environmental Health Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Statistical Approaches for Investigating Periods of Susceptibility in Children's Environmental Health Research. Curr Environ Health Rep 2019; 6:1-7. [PMID: 30684243 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-019-0224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Children's environmental health researchers are increasingly interested in identifying time intervals during which individuals are most susceptible to adverse impacts of environmental exposures. We review recent advances in methods for assessing susceptible periods. RECENT FINDINGS We identified three general classes of modeling approaches aimed at identifying susceptible periods in children's environmental health research: multiple informant models, distributed lag models, and Bayesian approaches. Benefits over traditional regression modeling include the ability to formally test period effect differences, to incorporate highly time-resolved exposure data, or to address correlation among exposure periods or exposure mixtures. Several statistical approaches exist for investigating periods of susceptibility. Assessment of susceptible periods would be advanced by additional basic biological research, further development of statistical methods to assess susceptibility to complex exposure mixtures, validation studies evaluating model assumptions, replication studies in different populations, and consideration of susceptible periods from before conception to disease onset.
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Aker AM, Ferguson KK, Rosario ZY, Mukherjee B, Alshawabkeh AN, Calafat AM, Cordero JF, Meeker JD. A repeated measures study of phenol, paraben and Triclocarban urinary biomarkers and circulating maternal hormones during gestation in the Puerto Rico PROTECT cohort. Environ Health 2019; 18:28. [PMID: 30940137 PMCID: PMC6444601 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0459-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prenatal exposure to some phenols and parabens has been associated with adverse birth outcomes. Hormones may play an intermediate role between phenols and adverse outcomes. We examined the associations of phenol and paraben exposures with maternal reproductive and thyroid hormones in 602 pregnant women in Puerto Rico. Urinary triclocarban, phenol and paraben biomarkers, and serum hormones (estriol, progesterone, testosterone, sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), total triiodothyronine (T3), total thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)) were measured at two visits during pregnancy. METHODS Linear mixed models with a random intercept were constructed to examine the associations between hormones and urinary biomarkers. Results were additionally stratified by study visit. Results were transformed to hormone percent changes for an inter-quartile-range difference in exposure biomarker concentrations (%Δ). RESULTS Bisphenol-S was associated with a decrease in CRH [(%Δ -11.35; 95% CI: -18.71, - 3.33), and bisphenol-F was associated with an increase in FT4 (%Δ: 2.76; 95% CI: 0.29, 5.22). Butyl-, methyl- and propylparaben were associated with decreases in SHBG [(%Δ: -5.27; 95% CI: -9.4, - 1.14); (%Δ: -3.53; 95% CI: -7.37, 0.31); (%Δ: -3.74; 95% CI: -7.76, 0.27)]. Triclocarban was positively associated with T3 (%Δ: 4.08; 95% CI: 1.18, 6.98) and T3/T4 ratio (%Δ: 4.67; 95% CI: -1.37, 6.65), and suggestively negatively associated with TSH (%Δ: -10.12; 95% CI: -19.47, 0.32). There was evidence of susceptible windows of vulnerability for some associations. At 24-28 weeks gestation, there was a positive association between 2,4-dichlorophenol and CRH (%Δ: 9.66; 95% CI: 0.67, 19.45) and between triclosan and estriol (%Δ: 13.17; 95% CI: 2.34, 25.2); and a negative association between triclocarban and SHBG (%Δ: -9.71; 95% CI:-19.1, - 0.27) and between bisphenol A and testosterone (%Δ: -17.37; 95% CI: -26.7, - 6.87). CONCLUSION Phenols and parabens are associated with hormone levels during pregnancy. Further studies are required to substantiate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira M. Aker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Room 1835 SPH I, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029 USA
| | - Kelly K. Ferguson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Room 1835 SPH I, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029 USA
- Epidemiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, USA
| | - Zaira Y. Rosario
- Graduate School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR USA
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | | | | | - José F. Cordero
- College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - John D. Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Room 1835 SPH I, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029 USA
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Skarha J, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Williams PL, Korevaar TIM, de Poortere RA, Broeren MAC, Ford JB, Eliot M, Hauser R, Braun JM. Cross-sectional associations between urinary triclosan and serum thyroid function biomarker concentrations in women. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 122:256-262. [PMID: 30477815 PMCID: PMC6317095 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to the antimicrobial agent triclosan is ubiquitous. Research in animals shows that triclosan can cause decreases in thyroxine concentrations. However, the potential effects of triclosan on thyroid function in humans are unclear. OBJECTIVE To estimate the association between urinary triclosan concentrations and serum thyroid function biomarkers in women seeking assisted reproduction treatment in the Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) Study. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 317 women enrolled in the EARTH Study, a prospective preconception cohort that recruits Boston area couples. Using samples collected at study entry, we quantified urinary triclosan and serum thyroid function biomarker concentrations, specifically free and total thyroxine and triiodothyronine, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroid antibodies. We estimated covariate-adjusted differences in thyroid function biomarkers per 10-fold increase in triclosan using linear regression models. We examined effect modification by body mass index (BMI) and infertility diagnosis. RESULTS The median urinary triclosan concentration was 7.8 μg/L (IQR: 3.0-59 μg/L). Each 10-fold increase in triclosan was inversely associated with free triidothyronine (T3) (β: -0.06 pg/mL; 95% CI: -0.1, -0.01), thyroperoxidase antibody (TPOAb) (-10%; 95% CI: -19, -0.4), and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) (-12%; 95% CI: -23,0.9) concentrations. BMI and infertility diagnosis modified the association of triclosan with free T3 and TPOAb, respectively. CONCLUSION Urinary triclosan concentrations were inversely associated with specific serum thyroid function biomarkers in this cohort, suggesting that triclosan may affect thyroid homeostasis and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne Skarha
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tim I M Korevaar
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ralph A de Poortere
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Máxima Medical Centre, De Run 4600, 5500 MB Veldhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten A C Broeren
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Máxima Medical Centre, De Run 4600, 5500 MB Veldhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jennifer B Ford
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa Eliot
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Berger K, Gunier RB, Chevrier J, Calafat AM, Ye X, Eskenazi B, Harley KG. Associations of maternal exposure to triclosan, parabens, and other phenols with prenatal maternal and neonatal thyroid hormone levels. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 165:379-386. [PMID: 29803919 PMCID: PMC6470297 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental phenols and parabens are commonly used in personal care products and other consumer products and human exposure to these chemicals is widespread. Although human and animal studies suggest an association between exposure to phenols and parabens and thyroid hormone levels, few studies have investigated the association of in utero exposure to these chemicals and thyroid hormones in pregnant women and their neonates. We measured four environmental phenols (triclosan, benzophenone-3, and 2,4- and 2,5-dichlorophenol), and three parabens (methyl-, propyl-, and butyl paraben) in urine collected from mothers at two time points during pregnancy as part of the CHAMACOS (Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas) study. We measured free thyroxine (T4), total T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in serum of the pregnant women (N = 454) and TSH in their neonates (N = 365). We examined potential confounding by a large number of additional chemical exposures and used Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) to select the most influential chemicals to include in regression models. We observed negative associations of prenatal urinary concentrations of propyl paraben and maternal TSH (β for two-fold increase = -3.26%, 95% CI: -5.55, -0.90) and negative associations of 2,4-dichlorophenol and maternal free T4 (β for two-fold increase = -0.05, 95% CI: -0.08, -0.02), after controlling for other chemical exposures. We observed negative associations of triclosan with maternal total T4 after controlling for demographic variables, but this association became non-significant after controlling for other chemicals (β for two-fold increase = -0.05, 95% CI: -0.11, 0.00). We found evidence that environmental phenols and parabens are associated with lower TSH and free T4 in pregnant women after controlling for related chemical exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Berger
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Robert B Gunier
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Jonathan Chevrier
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Ye
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Kim G Harley
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
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Jackson-Browne MS, Papandonatos GD, Chen A, Calafat AM, Yolton K, Lanphear BP, Braun JM. Identifying Vulnerable Periods of Neurotoxicity to Triclosan Exposure in Children. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:057001. [PMID: 29727133 PMCID: PMC6072011 DOI: 10.1289/ehp2777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to triclosan, an endocrine disrupting chemical, may affect thyroid hormone homeostasis and adversely affect neurodevelopment. OBJECTIVE Using a longitudinal pregnancy and birth cohort, we investigated associations between triclosan exposures during different time windows, and cognitive test scores at 8 y of age in 198 children from the HOME Study. METHODS We quantified triclosan in urine samples from mother-child pairs up to nine times between the second trimester of gestation and 8 y of age. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV [i.e., Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (IQ)] assessment was administered to HOME Study children at 8 y of age. We estimated covariate-adjusted triclosan-IQ associations at each visit. We also tested whether associations between triclosan concentrations and cognitive test scores varied among exposure at different time periods. RESULTS Full-Scale IQ was not significantly associated with urinary triclosan concentrations during gestation or childhood but was significantly associated with a 10-fold increase in maternal urinary triclosan concentration at delivery [-4.5 points (95% CI: -7.0, -2.0)]. Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI) scores were significantly decreased in association with urinary triclosan concentrations at delivery and at 2 y of age. Associations between repeated triclosan concentrations and cognitive test scores significantly varied among exposure at different time periods for Full-Scale IQ, PRI, Verbal Comprehension Index, and Working Memory (triclosan-visit interaction p≤0.04). CONCLUSION Urinary triclosan concentrations at delivery, but not during mid to late pregnancy and childhood, were associated with significantly lower children's cognitive test scores at 8 y of age in this cohort of U.S. children. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2777.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aimin Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- British Columbia Children's Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Etzel T, Muckle G, Arbuckle TE, Fraser WD, Ouellet E, Séguin JR, Lanphear B, Braun JM. Prenatal urinary triclosan concentrations and child neurobehavior. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 114:152-159. [PMID: 29501853 PMCID: PMC5899958 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to triclosan, an antimicrobial chemical, is ubiquitous among pregnant women and may reduce thyroid hormone levels that are important for fetal neurodevelopment. Few studies have examined the association between prenatal triclosan exposure and children's neurobehavior. OBJECTIVE We investigated the relationship of prenatal urinary triclosan concentrations with children's behavior and cognitive abilities at age three years in a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort in Canada. METHODS We measured triclosan in urine samples collected at ~12 weeks of gestation in 794 Canadian women enrolled in a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort study (MIREC) from 2008 to 2011. Around age 3 years, we assessed children's cognitive abilities using the Wechsler Primary and Preschool Scale of Intelligence-III (WPPSI-III), and two scales of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool (BRIEF-P). Parents reported children's problem and reciprocal social behaviors using the Behavior Assessment System for Children-2 (BASC-2) and Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (SRS-2), respectively. RESULTS After adjusting for confounders using multivariable linear regression, triclosan was not associated with most of the 30 examined neurobehavioral scales. Each 10-fold increase in triclosan was associated with better WPPSI-III picture completion scores (β: 0.2; 95% CI: 0,0.5) and BASC-2 externalizing (β: -0.5; 95% CI: -1.1, 0) and hyperactivity (β: -0.6; 95% CI: -1.2, -0.1) scores, suggesting less externalizing and hyperactive behaviors. Child sex did not modify these associations. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort, urinary triclosan concentrations measured once in early pregnancy were not associated with most assessed aspects of neurobehavior and weakly associated with a few others, but not in the hypothesized direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Etzel
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02920, USA.
| | - Gina Muckle
- School of Psychology, Laval University, 1050, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Local JS1-26, Québec G1S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Tye E Arbuckle
- Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 101 Tunney's Pasture Driveway, AL 0201A, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - William D Fraser
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Mother and Child University Hospital Center, 3207 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T, Canada; Centre for Research of CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Emmanuel Ouellet
- Quebec CHU Research Center, 11 Côte du Palais, Ville de Québec, QC G1R 2J6, Canada.
| | - Jean R Séguin
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Mother and Child University Hospital Center, 3207 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Bruce Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02920, USA.
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Kalloo G, Calafat AM, Chen A, Yolton K, Lanphear BP, Braun JM. Early life Triclosan exposure and child adiposity at 8 Years of age: a prospective cohort study. Environ Health 2018; 17:24. [PMID: 29506550 PMCID: PMC5838861 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triclosan is an antimicrobial agent that may affect the gut microbiome and endocrine system to influence adiposity. However, little data from prospective studies examining prenatal and childhood exposures exist. We investigated the relationship between multiple, prospective early life measure of triclosan exposure and child adiposity. METHODS: In a prospective cohort of 220 mother-child pairs from Cincinnati, OH (enrolled 2003-2006), we quantified triclosan in urine samples collected twice during pregnancy, annually from 1 to 5 years of age, and once at 8 years. We assessed child adiposity at age 8 years using body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and bioelectric impedance. We estimated covariate-adjusted associations of child adiposity with a 10-fold increase in average prenatal, average early childhood (average of 1-5 years), and 8-year triclosan concentrations. RESULTS Among all children, there was no association between triclosan and child adiposity. While urinary triclosan concentrations at all three time periods were weakly, imprecisely, and inversely associated with all three measures of adiposity among girls, these associations did not differ significantly from those in boys (sex x triclosan p-values> 0.35). Among girls, the strongest associations were generally observed for prenatal triclosan when we adjusted for all three triclosan concentrations and covariates in the same model; BMI z-score (β: -0.13; 95% CI: -0.42, 0.15), waist circumference (β: - 1.7 cm; 95% CI: -4.2, 0.7), and percent body fat (β :-0.6; 95% CI: -2.7, 1.3). In contrast, the associations between triclosan concentrations and adiposity measures were inconsistent among boys. CONCLUSION We did not observe evidence of an association of repeated urinary triclosan concentrations during pregnancy and childhood with measures of child adiposity at age 8 years in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Kalloo
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
- Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-3, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children’s and Women’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Canada Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
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