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Li M, Tang X, Liu X, Cui X, Lian M, Zhao M, Peng H, Han X. Targeted miR-21 loaded liposomes for acute myocardial infarction. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10384-10391. [PMID: 33112352 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01821j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute and persistent myocardial ischemia is the main cause of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and heart failure. MicroRNA-21(miR-21) contributes to the pathophysiological consequences of acute myocardial infarction by targeting downstream crucial regulators. Thus, miR-21 mimics are a promising strategy for the treatment of AMI. However, their poor stability and insufficient cellular uptake are the major challenges. Herein, we encapsulated miR-21 mimics into liposomes modified with the cardiac troponin T (cTnT) antibody for targeted delivery of miR-21(cT-21-LIPs) to the ischemic myocardium. The cT-21-LIPs exhibited enhanced targeting efficiency to hypoxia primary cardiomyocytes in vitro and improved accumulation in the ischemic heart of AMI rats after injection via the tail vein due to the specifical target to overexpressed troponin. The cT-21-LIPs could significantly improve the cardiac function and decrease the infarct size after AMI, while maintaining the viability of cardiomyocytes. This design provides a novel strategy for delivering small nucleotide drugs specifically to the infarcted heart, which may find great potential in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Campus of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163319, China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Xuefeng Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Campus of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Campus of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Xinyu Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Mingming Lian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Campus of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Man Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Campus of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Haisheng Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Campus of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Xiaojun Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
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Yao Y, Yang L, Feng LF, Yue ZW, Zhao NH, Li Z, He ZX. IGF-1C domain-modified hydrogel enhanced the efficacy of stem cells in the treatment of AMI. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:136. [PMID: 32216819 PMCID: PMC7098145 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the low survival rate of cell transplantation, stem cell has not been widely used in clinical treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In this study, we immobilized the C domain peptide of insulin-like growth factor-1 on chitosan (CS-IGF-1C) to obtain bioactive hydrogel. The purpose was to investigate whether CS-IGF-1C hydrogel incorporated with human placenta–derived mesenchymal stem cells (hP-MSCs) can boost the survival of hP-MSCs and enhance their therapeutic effects. Methods hP-MSCs, which continuously expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP) and firefly luciferase (Fluc), were transplanted with CS-IGF-1C hydrogel into a mouse myocardial infarction model. Cell survival was detected by bioluminescence imaging (BLI), and cardiac function was measured by echocardiogram. Real-time PCR and histological analysis were used to explore the therapeutic mechanism of CS-IGF-1C hydrogel. Results CS-IGF-1C hydrogel could induce the proliferation of hP-MSCs and exert anti-apoptotic effects in vitro. The Calcine-AM/PI staining results showed that hP-MSCs seeded on CS-IGF-1C hydrogel could protect neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes (NMVCs) against oxidative stress. It was observed by BLI that CS-IGF-1C hydrogel injected into ischemic myocardium could improve the survival rate of hP-MSCs. Histology analysis indicated that co-transplantation of the CS-IGF-1C hydrogel and hP-MSCs could increase angiogenesis, reduce collagen deposition, ameliorate left ventricular expanded, and further promote the recovery of cardiac function. Besides, we found that the inflammatory response was inhibited and the expression of apoptosis-related genes was downregulated by CS-IGF-1C hydrogel. Conclusions CS-IGF-1C hydrogel provides a conducive microenvironment for cells and significantly boosts the survival of hP-MSCs in mouse myocardial infarction model, which suggest that it may be a potential candidate for prolonging the therapeutic effect of hP-MSCs during AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yao
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, The 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li-Feng Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Yue
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China.,The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, the College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nian-Huan Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Huangshi, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, the College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China. .,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Zuo-Xiang He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Liufu R, Shi G, He X, Lv J, Liu W, Zhu F, Wen C, Zhu Z, Chen H. The therapeutic impact of human neonatal BMSC in a right ventricular pressure overload model in mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:96. [PMID: 32122393 PMCID: PMC7052971 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the impact of donor age on the therapeutic effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in treating adverse remodeling as the result of right ventricle (RV) pressure overload. Methods BMSCs were isolated from neonatal (< 1 month), infant (1 month to 1 year), and young children (1 year to 5 years) and were compared in their migration potential, surface marker expression, VEGF secretion, and matrix metalloprotein (MMP) 9 expression. Four-week-old male C57 mice underwent pulmonary artery banding and randomized to treatment and untreated control groups. During the surgery, BMSCs were administered to the mice by intramyocardial injection into the RV free wall. Four weeks later, RV function and tissue were analyzed by echocardiography, histology, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Human neonatal BMSCs demonstrated the greatest migration capacity and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor but no difference in expression of surface markers. Neonate BMSCs administration resulted in increasing expression of VEGF, a significant reduction in RV wall thickness, and internal diameter in mice after PA banding. These beneficial effects were probably associated with paracrine secretion as no cardiomyocyte transdifferentiation was observed. Conclusions Human BMSCs from different age groups have different characteristics, and the youngest BMSCs may favorably impact the application of stem cell-based therapy to alleviate adverse RV remodeling induced by pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liufu
- Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guocheng Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Congenital Heart Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Dongfang Road No. 1678, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin He
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Congenital Heart Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Dongfang Road No. 1678, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Lv
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Congenital Heart Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Dongfang Road No. 1678, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Congenital Heart Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Dongfang Road No. 1678, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Congenital Heart Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Dongfang Road No. 1678, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Congenital Heart Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Dongfang Road No. 1678, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongqun Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Congenital Heart Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Dongfang Road No. 1678, Shanghai, China.
| | - Huiwen Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Congenital Heart Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Dongfang Road No. 1678, Shanghai, China.
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Wang BH, Liew D, Huang KW, Huang L, Tang W, Kelly DJ, Reid C, Liu Z. The Challenges of Stem Cell Therapy in Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure and the Potential Strategies to Improve the Outcomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793984418410088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the single highest global cause of death and a significant financial burden on the healthcare system. Despite the advances in medical treatments, the prevalence and mortality for heart failure remain unacceptably high. New approaches are urgently needed to reduce this burden and improve patient outcomes and quality of life. One such promising approach is stem cell therapy, including embryonic stem cells, bone marrow derived stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells. However, the cardiac microenvironment following myocardial infarction poses huge challenges with inflammation, adequate retention, engraftment and functional incorporation all crucial concerns. The lack of cardiac regeneration, cell viability and functional improvement has hindered the success of stem cell therapy in clinical settings. The use of biomaterial scaffolds in conjunction with stem cells has recently been shown to enhance the outcome of stem cell therapy for heart failure and myocardial infarction. This review outlines some of the current challenges in the treatment of heart failure and acute myocardial infarction through improving stem cell therapeutic strategies, as well as the prospect of suitable biomaterial scaffolds to enhance their efficacy and improve patient clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hui Wang
- Monash Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Danny Liew
- Monash Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Kevin W. Huang
- Monash Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Li Huang
- Monash Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Research Center for Translational Medicine and Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China
| | - Darren J. Kelly
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Reid
- Monash Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Research Center for Translational Medicine and Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China
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5
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Inhibition of iron overload-induced apoptosis and necrosis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by melatonin. Oncotarget 2018; 8:31626-31637. [PMID: 28415572 PMCID: PMC5458235 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron overload induces severe damage to several vital organs such as the liver, heart and bone, and thus contributes to the dysfunction of these organs. The aim of this study is to investigate whether iron overload causes the apoptosis and necrosis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and melatonin may prevent its toxicity. Perls’ Prussion blue staining showed that exposure to increased concentrations of ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) induced a gradual increase of intracellular iron level in BMSCs. Trypan blue staining demonstrated that FAC decreased the viability of BMSCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Notably, melatonin protected BMSCs against apoptosis and necrosis induced by FAC and it was vertified by Live/Dead, TUNEL and PI/Hoechst stainings. Furthermore, melatonin pretreatment suppressed FAC-induced reactive oxygen species accumulation. Western blot showed that exposure to FAC resulted in the decrease of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and the increase of pro-apoptotic protein Bax and Cleaved Caspase-3, and necrosis-related proteins RIP1 and RIP3, which were significantly inhibited by melatonin treatment. At last, melatonin receptor blocker luzindole failed to block the protection of BMSCs apoptosis and necrosis by melatonin. Taken together, melatonin protected BMSCs from iron overload induced apoptosis and necrosis by regulating Bcl-2, Bax, Cleaved Caspase-3, RIP1 and RIP3 pathways.
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Liu J, Sun F, Wang Y, Yang W, Xiao H, Zhang Y, Lu R, Zhu H, Zhuang Y, Pan Z, Wang Z, Du Z, Lu Y. Suppression of microRNA-16 protects against acute myocardial infarction by reversing beta2-adrenergic receptor down-regulation in rats. Oncotarget 2017; 8:20122-20132. [PMID: 28423616 PMCID: PMC5386749 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNA-16 (miR-16) has been shown to be up-regulated in ischemic heart. Beta2-adrenoreceptor (β2-AR) exerts cardioprotective property in ischemic injury. This study aims to determine the effect of miR-16 in cardiac injury in rats and the possible involvement of β2-AR in this process. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) model in rats was induced by ligation of left coronary artery. Neonatal rat ventricular cells (NRVCs) were cultured in vitro tests. The cardiomyocyte model of oxidative injury was mimicked by hydrogen peroxide. The expression of miR-16 was obviously up-regulated and β2-AR was remarkably down-regulated in both AMI rats and NRVCs under oxidative stress. miR-16 over-expression in NRVCs reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis. Conversely, inhibition of endogenous miR-16 with its specific inhibitor reversed these changes. Over-expression of miR-16 using an miR-16 lentivirus in AMI rats markedly increased cardiac infarct area, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase activity, and exacerbated cardiac dysfunction. Lentivirus-mediated knockdown of miR-16 alleviated acute cardiac injury. Moreover, miR-16 over-expression significantly suppressed β2-AR protein expression in both cultured NRVCs and AMI rats, while inhibition of miR-16 displayed opposite effect on β2-AR protein expression. Luciferase assay confirmed that miR-16 could directly target the 3′untranslated region of β2-AR mRNA. miR-16 is detrimental to the infarct heart and suppression of miR-16 protects rat hearts from ischemic injury via up-regulating of β2-AR by binding to the 3′untranslated region of β2-AR gene. This study indicates that targeting miR-16/β2-AR axis may be a promising strategy for ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China.,Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Fei Sun
- Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Wanqi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Hongwen Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Renzhong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Zhuang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Zhenwei Pan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Second Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yanjie Lu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China.,Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
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Cholesterol Retards Senescence in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Modulating Autophagy and ROS/p53/p21 Cip1/Waf1 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:7524308. [PMID: 27703600 PMCID: PMC5040816 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7524308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we demonstrated that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) of the 3rd passage displayed the senescence-associated phenotypes characterized with increased activity of SA-β-gal, altered autophagy, and increased G1 cell cycle arrest, ROS production, and expression of p53 and p21Cip1/Waf1 compared with BMSCs of the 1st passage. Cholesterol (CH) reduced the number of SA-β-gal positive cells in a dose-dependent manner in aging BMSCs induced by H2O2 and the 3rd passage BMSCs. Moreover, CH inhibited the production of ROS and expression of p53 and p21Cip1/Waf1 in both cellular senescence models and decreased the percentage of BMSCs in G1 cell cycle in the 3rd passage BMSCs. CH prevented the increase in SA-β-gal positive cells induced by RITA (reactivation of p53 and induction of tumor cell apoptosis, a p53 activator) or 3-MA (3-methyladenine, an autophagy inhibitor). Our results indicate that CH not only is a structural component of cell membrane but also functionally contributes to regulating cellular senescence by modulating cell cycle, autophagy, and the ROS/p53/p21Cip1/Waf1 signaling pathway.
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Golpanian S, Wolf A, Hatzistergos KE, Hare JM. Rebuilding the Damaged Heart: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Cell-Based Therapy, and Engineered Heart Tissue. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1127-68. [PMID: 27335447 PMCID: PMC6345247 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are broadly distributed cells that retain postnatal capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. MSCs evade immune detection, secrete an array of anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic mediators, and very importantly activate resident precursors. These properties form the basis for the strategy of clinical application of cell-based therapeutics for inflammatory and fibrotic conditions. In cardiovascular medicine, administration of autologous or allogeneic MSCs in patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy holds significant promise. Numerous preclinical studies of ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy employing MSC-based therapy have demonstrated that the properties of reducing fibrosis, stimulating angiogenesis, and cardiomyogenesis have led to improvements in the structure and function of remodeled ventricles. Further attempts have been made to augment MSCs' effects through genetic modification and cell preconditioning. Progression of MSC therapy to early clinical trials has supported their role in improving cardiac structure and function, functional capacity, and patient quality of life. Emerging data have supported larger clinical trials that have been either completed or are currently underway. Mechanistically, MSC therapy is thought to benefit the heart by stimulating innate anti-fibrotic and regenerative responses. The mechanisms of action involve paracrine signaling, cell-cell interactions, and fusion with resident cells. Trans-differentiation of MSCs to bona fide cardiomyocytes and coronary vessels is also thought to occur, although at a nonphysiological level. Recently, MSC-based tissue engineering for cardiovascular disease has been examined with quite encouraging results. This review discusses MSCs from their basic biological characteristics to their role as a promising therapeutic strategy for clinical cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Golpanian
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ariel Wolf
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Konstantinos E Hatzistergos
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Cai B, Tan X, Zhang Y, Li X, Wang X, Zhu J, Wang Y, Yang F, Wang B, Liu Y, Xu C, Pan Z, Wang N, Yang B, Lu Y. Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Cardiomyocytes Interplay to Prevent Myocardial Hypertrophy. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:1425-35. [PMID: 26586774 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular disease. However, there is no evidence so far that BMSCs can heal pathological myocardial hypertrophy. In this study, BMSCs were indirectly cocultured with neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVCs) in vitro or intramyocardially transplanted into hypertrophic hearts in vivo. The results showed that isoproterenol (ISO)-induced typical hypertrophic characteristics of cardiomyocytes were prevented by BMSCs in the coculture model in vitro and after BMSC transplantation in vivo. Furthermore, activation of the Ca(2+)/calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 3 (NFATc3) hypertrophic pathway in NRVCs was abrogated in the presence of BMSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release from BMSCs, but not basic fibroblast growth factor and insulin-like growth factor 1, abolished the protective effects of BMSCs on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Consistently, VEGF administration attenuated ISO-induced enlargement of cellular size; the upregulation of atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, and β-myosin heavy chain expression; and the activation of Ca²⁺/calcineurin/NFATc3 hypertrophic pathways, and these pathways can be abrogated by blocking VEGFR-1 in cardiomyocytes, indicating that VEGF receptor 1 is involved in the antihypertrophic role of VEGF. We further found that the ample VEGF secretion contributing to the antihypertrophic effects of BMSCs originates from the crosstalk of BMSCs and cardiac cells but not BMSCs or cardiomyocytes alone. Interplay of mesenchymal stem cells with cardiomyocytes produced synergistic effects on VEGF release. In summary, crosstalk between mesenchymal stem cells and cardiomyocytes contributes to the inhibition of myocardial hypertrophy via inhibiting Ca²⁺/calcineurin/NFATc3 hypertrophic pathways in cardiac cells. These results provide the first evidence for the treatment of myocardial hypertrophy using BMSCs. SIGNIFICANCE This study found that mesenchymal stem cells may crosstalk with cardiomyocytes, which causes a synergistic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release from both kinds of cells and then inhibits pathological cardiac remodeling following hypertrophic stimulation in cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. Blockage of VEGF release from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) abolishes the antihypertrophic actions of BMSCs in vitro and in vivo. On the contrary, VEGF administration attenuates hypertrophic signaling of calcineurin/ nuclear factor of activated T cell cytoplasmic 3 signal pathways. This study provides the first evidence for the treatment of myocardial hypertrophy using BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benzhi Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China and Key Laboratories of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueying Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China and Key Laboratories of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China and Key Laboratories of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingda Li
- Department of Pharmacology, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China and Key Laboratories of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China and Key Laboratories of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuxin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China and Key Laboratories of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China and Key Laboratories of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China and Key Laboratories of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoqiu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China and Key Laboratories of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanju Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China and Key Laboratories of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoqian Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China and Key Laboratories of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenwei Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China and Key Laboratories of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China and Key Laboratories of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China and Key Laboratories of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China Cardiovascular Research Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China and Key Laboratories of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China Cardiovascular Research Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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Zhang M, Liu D, Li S, Chang L, Zhang Y, Liu R, Sun F, Duan W, Du W, Wu Y, Zhao T, Xu C, Lu Y. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation retards the natural senescence of rat hearts. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:494-502. [PMID: 25855590 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been shown to offer a wide variety of cellular functions including the protective effects on damaged hearts. Here we investigated the antiaging properties of BMSCs and the underlying mechanism in a cellular model of cardiomyocyte senescence and a rat model of aging hearts. Neonatal rat ventricular cells (NRVCs) and BMSCs were cocultured in the same dish with a semipermeable membrane to separate the two populations. Monocultured NRVCs displayed the senescence-associated phenotypes, characterized by an increase in the number of β-galactosidase-positive cells and decreases in the degradation and disappearance of cellular organelles in a time-dependent manner. The levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde were elevated, whereas the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were decreased, along with upregulation of p53, p21(Cip1/Waf1), and p16(INK4a) in the aging cardiomyocytes. These deleterious alterations were abrogated in aging NRVCs cocultured with BMSCs. Qualitatively, the same senescent phenotypes were consistently observed in aging rat hearts. Notably, BMSC transplantation significantly prevented these detrimental alterations and improved the impaired cardiac function in the aging rats. In summary, BMSCs possess strong antisenescence action on the aging NRVCs and hearts and can improve cardiac function after transplantation in aging rats. The present study, therefore, provides an alternative approach for the treatment of heart failure in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Duan
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoqian Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
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Li HX, Zhou YF, Jiang B, Zhao X, Jiang TB, Li X, Yang XJ, Jiang WP. GATA-4 induces changes in electrophysiological properties of rat mesenchymal stem cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2060-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Cai B, Wang G, Chen N, Liu Y, Yin K, Ning C, Li X, Yang F, Wang N, Wang Y, Pan Z, Lu Y. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells protected post-infarcted myocardium against arrhythmias via reversing potassium channels remodelling. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:1407-16. [PMID: 24780005 PMCID: PMC4124024 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) emerge as a promising approach for treating heart diseases. However, the effects of BMSCs-based therapy on cardiac electrophysiology disorders after myocardial infarction were largely unclear. This study was aimed to investigate whether BMSCs transplantation prevents cardiac arrhythmias and reverses potassium channels remodelling in post-infarcted hearts. Myocardial infarction was established in male SD rats, and BMSCs were then intramyocardially transplanted into the infarcted hearts after 3 days. Cardiac electrophysiological properties in the border zone were evaluated by western blotting and whole-cell patch clamp technique after 2 weeks. We found that BMSCs transplantation ameliorated the increased heart weight index and the impaired LV function. The survival of infarcted rats was also improved after BMSCs transplantation. Importantly, electrical stimulation-induced arrhythmias were less observed in BMSCs-transplanted infarcted rats compared with rats without BMSCs treatment. Furthermore, BMSCs transplantation effectively inhibited the prolongation of action potential duration and the reduction of transient and sustained outward potassium currents in ventricular myocytes in post-infarcted rats. Consistently, BMSCs-transplanted infarcted hearts exhibited the increased expression of KV4.2, KV4.3, KV1.5 and KV2.1 proteins when compared to infarcted hearts. Moreover, intracellular free calcium level, calcineurin and nuclear NFATc3 protein expression were shown to be increased in infarcted hearts, which was inhibited by BMSCs transplantation. Collectively, BMSCs transplantation prevented ventricular arrhythmias by reversing cardiac potassium channels remodelling in post-infarcted hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benzhi Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China; China-Russia Medicine Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Bader AM, Brodarac A, Klose K, Bieback K, Choi YH, Kurtz A, Stamm C. Mechanisms of paracrine cardioprotection by cord blood mesenchymal stromal cells. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 45:983-92. [PMID: 24562010 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezt576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Among the mechanisms by which somatic stem cells may improve left ventricular function in ischaemic heart disease are pro-survival stimuli mediated by secreted factors. This phenomenon is frequently referred to, but remains poorly understood. We therefore investigated the non-regenerative cardioprotective effects of cord blood mesenchymal stromal cells (CBMSCs) in vitro and sought to identify relevant intracellular signalling pathways. METHODS Conditioned medium from CBMSCs and fibroblasts was prepared, and secreted factors were analysed by Luminex(®) immunobead assay. Murine cardiomyocyte-derived HL-1 cells were subjected to simulated ischaemia by glucose and serum deprivation and hypoxia in CBMSC-conditioned or cell-free control medium or in medium conditioned by foreskin fibroblasts. The proportions of vital, apoptotic and necrotic cells (poly-caspase activity, annexin V and ethidium homodimer-III staining) were quantified using a high-content imaging system. Metabolic activity and proliferation rate were determined via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine assays. Phosphorylation of Akt, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β was determined by western blot, and experiments were repeated in the presence of specific small-molecule inhibitors (Wortmannin, UO126 and Stattic). RESULTS CBMSC medium reduced the proportion of dead HL-1 cardiomyocytes from 39 ± 3 to 28 ± 1% (P < 0.05) and the rate of late apoptotic cells to 68 ± 2% of that in control medium (P < 0.001). Metabolic activity was increased by 12 ± 1% compared with control (P < 0.05), while in fibroblast medium it was not (5 ± 2%, P = 1). This was associated with increased phosphorylation of Akt (2-fold, P < 0.05), ERK1/2 (3-fold, P < 0.01) and STAT3 (12-fold, P < 0.001). Combined blocking of the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK signalling abolished the protective CBMSC effect, while blocking the pathways individually had no effect. Inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation drastically lowered HL-1 cell viability in control medium, but not in medium conditioned by CBMSCs. CONCLUSIONS The factors released by CBMSCs protect cardiomyocyte-like HL-1 cells from simulated ischaemia more than those released from fibroblasts. While CBMSC-triggered Akt and ERK1/2 activation provides protection in a compensatory manner, STAT3 is crucial for cardiomyocyte survival in ischaemia, but is not a key mediator of cytoprotective stem cell actions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreja Brodarac
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Klose
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Kurtz
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christof Stamm
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Richardson JD, Nelson AJ, Zannettino ACW, Gronthos S, Worthley SG, Psaltis PJ. Optimization of the cardiovascular therapeutic properties of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells-taking the next step. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 9:281-302. [PMID: 22529015 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-012-9366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite current treatment options, cardiac failure is associated with significant morbidity and mortality highlighting a compelling clinical need for novel therapeutic approaches. Based on promising pre-clinical data, stem cell therapy has been suggested as a possible therapeutic strategy. Of the candidate cell types evaluated, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been widely evaluated due to their ease of isolation and ex vivo expansion, potential allogeneic utility and capacity to promote neo-angiogenesis and endogenous cardiac repair. However, the clinical application of MSCs for mainstream cardiovascular use is currently hindered by several important limitations, including suboptimal retention and engraftment and restricted capacity for bona fide cardiomyocyte regeneration. Consequently, this has prompted intense efforts to advance the therapeutic properties of MSCs for cardiovascular disease. In this review, we consider the scope of benefit from traditional plastic adherence-isolated MSCs and the lessons learned from their conventional use in preclinical and clinical studies. Focus is then given to the evolving strategies aimed at optimizing MSC therapy, including discussion of cell-targeted techniques that encompass the preparation, pre-conditioning and manipulation of these cells ex vivo, methods to improve their delivery to the heart and innovative substrate-directed strategies to support their interaction with the host myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Richardson
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Adelaide Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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15
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Windmolders S, De Boeck A, Koninckx R, Daniëls A, De Wever O, Bracke M, Hendrikx M, Hensen K, Rummens JL. Mesenchymal stem cell secreted platelet derived growth factor exerts a pro-migratory effect on resident Cardiac Atrial appendage Stem Cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 66:177-88. [PMID: 24326234 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) modulate cardiac healing after myocardial injury through the release of paracrine factors, but the exact mechanisms are still unknown. One possible mechanism is through mobilization of endogenous cardiac stem cells (CSCs). This study aimed to test the pro-migratory effect of MSC conditioned medium (MSC-CM) on endogenous CSCs from human cardiac tissue. By using a three-dimensional collagen assay, we found that MSC-CM improved migration of cells from human cardiac tissue. Cell counts, perimeter and area measurements were utilized to quantify migration effects. To examine whether resident stem cells were among the migrating cells, specific stem cell properties were investigated. The migrating cells displayed strong similarities with resident Cardiac Atrial appendage Stem Cells (CASCs), including a clonogenic potential of ~21.5% and expression of pluripotency associated genes like Oct-4, Nanog, c-Myc and Klf-4. Similar to CASCs, migrating cells demonstrated high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and were able to differentiate towards cardiomyocytes. Receptor tyrosine kinase analysis and collagen assays performed with recombinant platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA and Imatinib Mesylate, a PDGF receptor inhibitor, suggested a role for the PDGF-AA/PDGF receptor α axis in enhancing the migration process of CASCs. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that factors present in MSC-CM improve migration of resident stem cells from human cardiac tissue. These data open doors towards future therapies in which MSC secreted factors, like PDGF-AA, can be utilized to enhance the recruitment of CASCs towards the site of myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severina Windmolders
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jessa Hospital, Campus Virga Jesse, Stadsomvaart 11, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Astrid De Boeck
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Remco Koninckx
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jessa Hospital, Campus Virga Jesse, Stadsomvaart 11, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Annick Daniëls
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jessa Hospital, Campus Virga Jesse, Stadsomvaart 11, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marc Bracke
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marc Hendrikx
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jessa Hospital, Campus Virga Jesse, Stadsomvaart 11, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Karen Hensen
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jessa Hospital, Campus Virga Jesse, Stadsomvaart 11, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Luc Rummens
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jessa Hospital, Campus Virga Jesse, Stadsomvaart 11, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
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16
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Cai B, Li X, Wang Y, Liu Y, Yang F, Chen H, Yin K, Tan X, Zhu J, Pan Z, Wang B, Lu Y. Apoptosis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells caused by homocysteine via activating JNK signal. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63561. [PMID: 23667638 PMCID: PMC3646804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are capable of homing to and repair damaged myocardial tissues. Apoptosis of BMSCs in response to various pathological stimuli leads to the attenuation of healing ability of BMSCs. Plenty of evidence has shown that elevated homocysteine level is a novel independent risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. The present study was aimed to investigate whether homocysteine may induce apoptosis of BMSCs and its underlying mechanisms. Here we uncovered that homocysteine significantly inhibited the cellular viability of BMSCs. Furthermore, TUNEL, AO/EB, Hoechst 333342 and Live/Death staining demonstrated the apoptotic morphological appearance of BMSCs after homocysteine treatment. A distinct increase of ROS level was also observed in homocysteine-treated BMSCs. The blockage of ROS by DMTU and NAC prevented the apoptosis of BMSCs induced by homocysteine, indicating ROS was involved in the apoptosis of BMSCs. Moreover, homocysteine also caused the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential of BMSCs. Furthermore, apoptotic appearance and mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization in homocysteine-treated BMSCs was significantly reversed by JNK inhibitor but not p38 MAPK and ERK inhibitors. Western blot also confirmed that p-JNK was significantly activated after exposing BMSCs to homocysteine. Homocysteine treatment caused a significant reduction of BMSCs-secreted VEGF and IGF-1 in the culture medium. Collectively, elevated homocysteine induced the apoptosis of BMSCs via ROS-induced the activation of JNK signal, which provides more insight into the molecular mechanisms of hyperhomocysteinemia-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benzhi Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xingda Li
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yanju Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hongyang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Kun Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xueying Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jiuxin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhenwei Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Baoqiu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yanjie Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- * E-mail:
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17
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Lai PFH, Panama BK, Massé S, Li G, Zhang Y, Kusha M, Farid TA, Asta J, Backx PH, Yau TM, Nanthakumar K. Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation mitigates electrophysiological remodeling in a rat model of myocardial infarction. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2013; 24:813-21. [PMID: 23647964 DOI: 10.1111/jce.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has shown therapeutic potential for cardiovascular diseases, but the electrophysiological implications are not understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of MSC transplantation on adverse electrophysiological remodeling in the heart following myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS AND RESULTS Three weeks after coronary ligation to induce MI in rats, MSCs or culture medium were directly injected into each infarct. One to two weeks later, hearts were excised, Langendorff-perfused, and optically mapped using the potentiometric fluorescent dye Di-4-ANEPPS. Quantitative real-time PCR was also performed to assess gene expression. Optical mapping showed that post-MI reduction in conduction velocity (from 0.70 ± 0.04 m/s in 12 normal controls to 0.47 ± 0.02 m/s in 11 infarcted hearts, P < 0.05) was attenuated with MSC transplantation (0.65 ± 0.04 m/s, n = 18, P < 0.05). Electrophysiological changes correlated with higher vascular density and better-preserved ventricular geometry in MSC-transplanted hearts. A number of ion channel genes showed changes in RNA expression following infarction. In particular, the expression of Kir2.1, which mediates the inward rectifier potassium current, I(K1), was reduced in infarcted tissues (n = 7) to 13.8 ± 3.7% of normal controls, and this post-MI reduction was attenuated with MSC transplantation (44.4 ± 11.2%, n = 7, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In addition to promoting angiogenesis and limiting adverse structural remodeling in infarcted hearts, MSC transplantation also alters ion channel expression and mitigates electrophysiological remodeling. Further understanding of the electrophysiological impact of MSC transplantation to the heart may lead to the development of cell-based therapies for post-MI arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick F H Lai
- The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Cai B, Li J, Wang J, Luo X, Ai J, Liu Y, Wang N, Liang H, Zhang M, Chen N, Wang G, Xing S, Zhou X, Yang B, Wang X, Lu Y. microRNA-124 regulates cardiomyocyte differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells via targeting STAT3 signaling. Stem Cells 2013; 30:1746-55. [PMID: 22696253 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrated that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) may transdifferentiate into cardiomyocytes and replace apoptotic myocardium so as to improve functions of damaged hearts. However, little information is known about molecular mechanisms underlying myogenic conversion of BMSCs. microRNAs as endogenous noncoding small molecules function to inhibit protein translation post-transcriptionally by binding to complementary sequences of targeted mRNAs. Here, we reported that miR-124 was remarkably downregulated during cardiomyocyte differentiation of BMSCs induced by coculture with cardiomyocytes. Forced expression of miR-124 led to a significant downregulation of cardiac-specific markers-ANP, TNT, and α-MHC proteins as well as reduction of cardiac potassium channel currents in cocultured BMSCs. On the contrary, the inhibition of endogenous miR-124 with its antisense oligonucleotide AMO-124 obviously reversed the changes of ANP, TNT, and α-MHC proteins and increased cardiac potassium channel currents. Further study revealed that miR-124 targeted the 3'UTR of STAT3 gene so as to suppress the expression of STAT3 protein but did not affect its mRNA level. STAT3 inhibitors AG490, WP1066, and S3I-201 were shown to attenuate the augmented expression of ANP, TNT, α-MHC, GATA-4 proteins, and mRNAs in cocultured BMSCs with AMO-124 transfection. Moreover, GATA-4 siRNA reduced the expression of ANP, TNT, α-MHC, and GATA-4 proteins but did not impact STAT3 protein in cocultured BMSCs, indicating GATA-4 serves as an effector of STAT3. In summary, we found that miR-124 regulated myogenic differentiation of BMSCs via targeting STAT3 mRNA, which provides new insights into molecular mechanisms of cardiomyogenesis of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benzhi Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Cai B, Zhu S, Li J, Chen N, Liu Y, Lu Y. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells protected rat cardiomyocytes from premature senescence. Int J Cardiol 2012; 154:180-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Nair A, Shen J, Lotfi P, Ko CY, Zhang CC, Tang L. Biomaterial implants mediate autologous stem cell recruitment in mice. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:3887-95. [PMID: 21784181 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Autologous stem cells, recognized as the best cells for stem cell therapy, are associated with difficult extraction procedures which often lead to more traumas for the patients and time-consuming laboratory work, which delays their subsequent application. To combat such challenges, it was recently uncovered that, shortly after biomaterial implantation, following the recruitment of inflammatory cells, substantial numbers of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) were recruited to the implantation sites. These multipotent MSC could be differentiated into various lineages in vitro. Inflammatory signals may be responsible for the gathering of stem cells, since there is a good relationship between biomaterial-mediated inflammatory responses and stem cell accumulation in vivo. In addition, the treatment with the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone substantially reduced the recruitment of both MSC and HSC. The results from this work support that such strategies could be further developed towards localized recruitment and differentiation of progenitor cells. This may permit the future development of autologous stem cell therapies without the need for tedious cell isolation, culture and transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nair
- Bioengineering Department, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Cai B, Mu X, Gong D, Jiang S, Li J, Meng Q, Bai Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Tan X, Yang B, Lu Y. Difference of sodium currents between pediatric and adult human atrial myocytes: evidence for developmental changes of sodium channels. Int J Biol Sci 2011; 7:708-14. [PMID: 21647304 PMCID: PMC3107490 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.7.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium currents and potassium currents were shown to undergo developmental changes in postnatal human and animal cardiomocytes. However, so far, there is no evidence whether sodium currents also presented the developmental changes in postnatal human atrial cells. The aim of this study was to observe age-related changes of sodium currents between pediatric and adult atrial myocytes. Human atrial myocytes were acutely isolated and the whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record sodium currents isolated from pediatric and adult atrial cardiomocytes. The peak amplitude of sodium currents recorded in adult atrial cells was significantly larger than that in pediatric atrial myocytes. However, there was no significant difference of the activation voltage for peak sodium currents between two kinds of atrial myocytes. The time constants for the activation and inactivation of sodium currents were smaller in adult atria than pediatric atria. The further study revealed that the voltage-dependent inactivation of sodium currents were more slow in adult atrial cardiomyocytes than pediatric atrial cells. A significant difference was also observed in the recovery process of sodium channel from inactivation. In summary, a few significant differences were demonstrated in sodium currents characteristics between pediatric and adult atrial myocytes, which indicates that sodium currents in human atria also undergo developmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benzhi Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, the State-Province Key Laboratory of Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, and Department of Cardiosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
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Choi YH, Kurtz A, Stamm C. Mesenchymal stem cells for cardiac cell therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2011; 22:3-17. [PMID: 21062128 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2010.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite refinements of medical and surgical therapies, heart failure remains a fatal disease. Myocardial infarction is the most common cause of heart failure, and only palliative measures are available to relieve symptoms and prolong the patient's life span. Because mammalian cardiomyocytes irreversibly exit the cell cycle at about the time of birth, the heart has traditionally been considered to lack any regenerative capacity. This paradigm, however, is currently shifting, and the cellular composition of the myocardium is being targeted by various regeneration strategies. Adult progenitor and stem cell treatment of diseased human myocardium has been carried out for more than 10 years (Menasche et al., 2001; Stamm et al., 2003), and it has become clear that, in humans, the regenerative capacity of hematopoietic stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells, despite potent proangiogenic effects, is limited (Stamm et al., 2009). More recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and related cell types are being evaluated in preclinical models of heart disease as well as in clinical trials (see Published Clinical Trials, below). MSCs have the capacity to self-renew and to differentiate into lineages that normally originate from the embryonic mesenchyme (connective tissues, blood vessels, blood-related organs) (Caplan, 1991; Prockop, 1997; Pittenger et al., 1999). The current definition of MSCs includes plastic adherence in cell culture, specific surface antigen expression (CD105(+)/CD90(+)/CD73(+), CD34(-)/CD45(-)/CD11b(-) or CD14(-)/CD19(-) or CD79α(-)/HLA-DR1(-)), and multilineage in vitro differentiation potential (osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic) (Dominici et al., 2006 ). If those criteria are not met completely, the term "mesenchymal stromal cells" should be used for marrow-derived adherent cells, or other terms for MSC-like cells of different origin. For the purpose of this review, MSCs and related cells are discussed in general, and cell type-specific properties are indicated when appropriate. We first summarize the preclinical data on MSCs in models of heart disease, and then appraise the clinical experience with MSCs for cardiac cell therapy.
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Disassociation Between Left Ventricular Mechanical and Electrical Properties in Ischemic Rat Heart After G-CSF Treatment. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2011; 25:203-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-011-6294-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Tan X, Li J, Wang X, Chen N, Cai B, Wang G, Shan H, Dong D, Liu Y, Li X, Yang F, Li X, Zhang P, Li X, Yang B, Lu Y. Tanshinone IIA protects against cardiac hypertrophy via inhibiting calcineurin/NFATc3 pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2011; 7:383-9. [PMID: 21494433 PMCID: PMC3076506 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.7.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy induced by adrenergic overactivation can subsequently develop to heart failure which remains as a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Tanshinone IIA is a lipid-soluble pharmacologically active compound extracted from the rhizome of the Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine used for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. However, little is know about the effect of Tanshinone IIA on cardiac hypertrophy. The present study was aimed to investigate whether Tanshinone IIA prevents cardiac hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol (ISO) and to clarify its possible mechanisms. Cardiomyocytes hypertrophy was induced by ISO 10 μM for 48 h with or without Tanshinone IIA 10, 30, 100 μM pretreatment, and evaluated by determining the cell size and the expression of ANP, BNP, β-MHC, Calcineurin, and NFATc3 by real-time PCR and western blot. We found that Tanshinone IIA pretreatment attenuated the enlargement of cell surface area induced by ISO in cultured cardiomyocytes. The mRNA level of ANP, BNP and β-MHC was obviously elevated in ISO-treated cardiac cells, which was effectively inhibited by Tanshinone IIA. Moreover, we found that Tanshinone IIA pretreatment could prevent the augment of intracellular calcium transient in ISO-treated cardiomyocytes. The further study revealed that Calcineurin, NFATc3, ANP, BNP and β-MHC proteins were upregulated by ISO in ventricular myocytes, and Tanshinone IIA pretreatment significantly attenuate the increased expression of Calcineurin, NFATc3, ANP, BNP and β-MHC proteins. In summary, Tanshinone IIA attenuated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by ISO through inhibiting Calcineurin/NFATc3 pathway, which provides new insights into the pharmacological role and therapeutic mechanism of Tanshinone IIA in heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Improved Function and Myocardial Repair of Infarcted Heart by Intracoronary Injection of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Growth Factors. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2010; 3:547-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s12265-010-9171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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26
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Cai BZ, Meng FY, Zhu SL, Zhao J, Liu JQ, Liu CJ, Chen N, Ye ML, Li ZY, Ai J, Lu YJ, Yang BF. Arsenic trioxide induces the apoptosis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by intracellular calcium signal and caspase-3 pathways. Toxicol Lett 2010; 193:173-8. [PMID: 20079407 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It was previously reported that excessive arsenic trioxide would produce cardiovascular toxicity. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been shown to play a supporting role in cardiovascular functions. The increasing apoptosis of BMSCs commonly would promote the development of cardiovascular diseases. Thus we hypothesize that arsenic trioxide caused apoptosis in BMSCs, which provided a better understanding of arsenic toxicity in hearts. The present study was designed to investigate the proapoptotic effects of arsenic trioxide on BMSCs and explore the mechanism underlying arsenic trioxide-induced BMSCs apoptosis. We demonstrate that arsenic trioxide significantly inhibited survival ratios of BMSCs in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner. The Annexin V/PI staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay also showed that arsenic trioxide markedly induced the apoptosis of BMSCs. The caspase-3 activity was obviously enhanced in the presence of arsenic trioxide in a concentration-dependent manner in BMSCs. Additionally, arsenic trioxide caused the increase of intracellular free calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) in rat BMSCs. BAPTA pretreatment may attenuate the apoptosis of BMSCs induced by arsenic trioxide. Taken together, arsenic trioxide could inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of BMSCs by modulating intracellular [Ca(2+)](i), and activating the caspase-3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Zhi Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road 157, Harbin 150081, China
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