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Li S, Jiang X, Luo Y, Zhou B, Shi M, Liu F, Sha A. Sodium/calcium overload and Sirt1/Nrf2/OH-1 pathway are critical events in mercuric chloride-induced nephrotoxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:579-588. [PMID: 31229719 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg), a significant toxic metal for nephrotoxicity, can be found in food (vegetable and seafood) and drinking water by contamination. Oxidative stress is involved in inorganic Hg-induced nephrotoxicity, but the Sirtuin1 (Sirt1)/Nrf2/OH-1 pathway and sodium (Na)/calcium (Ca) ions actions in mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced nephrotoxicity remains unclear to date. In this study, Kunming mice were treated HgCl2 (5 mg/kg) for 24 h to evaluate potential mechanism. Here, along with Sirt1 activation, pale kidney, hisologic conditions, typical apoptotic changes and TUNEL positive nuclei were observed under acute HgCl2 exposure. Specifically, although HgCl2 increased the expression of Nrf2, Keap1, OH-1 and NQO1, the mRNA levels of GSS, GCLC and GCLM showed no significant alterations in mice kidney. Moreover, mice exposed to HgCl2 decreased the concentrations of Mg, K, P, Mn, Fe, Zn, and elevated Na, Ca, Cu and Se in kidney. It was also observed that HgCl2 suppressed the ATPases (Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase) activities and decreased the mRNA levels of Atp1a1, Atp1a2 in the kidney. Further study showed that HgCl2 elevated Na+ concentrations by markedly increased the mRNA levels of Na+ transporter. The present study revealed that HgCl2 induced Sirt1/Nrf2/OH-1 pathway activation while did not inhibit apoptosis in kidney of mice. Additionally, HgCl2 regulates Na+ concentrations, which might create secondary disorders in absorption and excretion of other ions. Altogether we assume that Sirt1/Nrf2/Na+/Ca2+ pathway might be a potential therapeutic target for treating acute HgCl2 induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, PR China.
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Yonghong Luo
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Bingru Zhou
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Mei Shi
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Fangyuan Liu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Ailong Sha
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, PR China
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Mallet RT, Olivencia-Yurvati AH, Bünger R. Pyruvate enhancement of cardiac performance: Cellular mechanisms and clinical application. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 243:198-210. [PMID: 29154687 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217743919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac contractile function is adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP)-intensive, and the myocardium's high demand for oxygen and energy substrates leaves it acutely vulnerable to interruptions in its blood supply. The myriad cardioprotective properties of the natural intermediary metabolite pyruvate make it a potentially powerful intervention against the complex injury cascade ignited by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. A readily oxidized metabolic substrate, pyruvate augments myocardial free energy of ATP hydrolysis to a greater extent than the physiological fuels glucose, lactate and fatty acids, particularly when it is provided at supra-physiological plasma concentrations. Pyruvate also exerts antioxidant effects by detoxifying reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates, and by increasing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced form (NADPH) production to maintain glutathione redox state. These enhancements of free energy and antioxidant defenses combine to augment sarcoplasmic reticular Ca2+ release and re-uptake central to cardiac mechanical performance and to restore β-adrenergic signaling of ischemically stunned myocardium. By minimizing Ca2+ mismanagement and oxidative stress, pyruvate suppresses inflammation in post-ischemic myocardium. Thus, pyruvate administration stabilized cardiac performance, augmented free energy of ATP hydrolysis and glutathione redox systems, and/or quelled inflammation in a porcine model of cardiopulmonary bypass, a canine model of cardiac arrest-resuscitation, and a caprine model of hypovolemia and hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion. Pyruvate's myriad benefits in preclinical models provide the mechanistic framework for its clinical application as metabolic support for myocardium at risk. Phase one trials have demonstrated pyruvate's safety and efficacy for intravenous resuscitation for septic shock, intracoronary infusion for heart failure and as a component of cardioplegia for cardiopulmonary bypass. The favorable outcomes of these trials, which argue for expanded, phase three investigations of pyruvate therapy, mirror findings in isolated, perfused hearts, underscoring the pivotal role of preclinical research in identifying clinical interventions for cardiovascular diseases. Impact statement This article reviews pyruvate's cardioprotective properties as an energy-yielding metabolic fuel, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in mammalian myocardium. Preclinical research has shown these properties make pyruvate a powerful intervention to curb the complex injury cascade ignited by ischemia and reperfusion. In ischemically stunned isolated hearts and in large mammal models of cardiopulmonary bypass, cardiac arrest-resuscitation and hypovolemia, intracoronary pyruvate supports recovery of myocardial contractile function, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and free energy of ATP hydrolysis, and its antioxidant actions restore β-adrenergic signaling and suppress inflammation. The first clinical trials of pyruvate for cardiopulmonary bypass, fluid resuscitation and intracoronary intervention for congestive heart failure have been reported. Receiver operating characteristic analyses show remarkable concordance between pyruvate's beneficial functional and metabolic effects in isolated, perfused hearts and in patients recovering from cardiopulmonary bypass in which they received pyruvate- vs. L-lactate-fortified cardioplegia. This research exemplifies the translation of mechanism-oriented preclinical studies to clinical application and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Mallet
- 1 Department of Integrative Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, USA
| | - Albert H Olivencia-Yurvati
- 1 Department of Integrative Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, USA.,2 Department of Medical Education, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, USA
| | - Rolf Bünger
- 3 Emeritus Member of the American Physiological Society, McLean, VA 22101, USA
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3
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Abstract
Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchangers (NCXs) have traditionally been viewed principally as a means of Ca(2+) removal from non-excitable cells. However there has recently been increasing interest in the operation of NCXs in reverse mode acting as a means of eliciting Ca(2+) entry into these cells. Reverse mode exchange requires a significant change in the normal resting transmembrane ion gradients and membrane potential, which has been suggested to occur principally via the coupling of NCXs to localised Na(+) entry through non-selective cation channels such as canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels. Here we review evidence for functional or physical coupling of NCXs to non-selective cation channels, and how this affects NCX activity in non-excitable cells. In particular we focus on the potential role of nanojunctions, where the close apposition of plasma and intracellular membranes may help create the conditions needed for the generation of localised rises in Na(+) concentration that would be required to trigger reverse mode exchange.
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Wang ZH, Liu JL, Wu L, Yu Z, Yang HT. Concentration-dependent wrestling between detrimental and protective effects of H2O2 during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1297. [PMID: 24946090 PMCID: PMC4611739 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are paradoxically implicated in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and cardioprotection. However, the precise interpretation for the dual roles of ROS and its relationship with the ER stress during I/R remain elusive. Here we investigated the concentration-dependent effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) preconditioning (PC) and postconditioning (PoC) on the ER stress and prosurvival reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) activation using an ex vivo rat myocardial I/R model. The effects of H2O2 PC and PoC showed three phases. At a low level (1 μM), H2O2 exacerbated I/R-induced left ventricular (LV) contractile dysfunction and ER stress, as indicated by enhanced phosphorylation of protein kinase-like ER kinase and expressions of glucose-regulated protein 78, X-box-binding protein 1 splicing variant, TNF receptor-associated factor 2, activating transcription factor-6 cleaved 50 kDa fragment, and caspase-12 cleavage, but the I/R-induced RISK activation including protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) and protein kinase Cɛ (PKCɛ) remained unchanged. Consistently, the postischemic LV performance in 1 μM H2O2 PC and PoC groups was improved by inhibiting ER stress with 4-phenyl butyric acid but not affected by the ER stress inducer, tunicamycin. At a moderate level (10-100 μM), H2O2 significantly improved postischemic LV performance and enhanced RISK activation, but it did no further alter the ER stress. The cardioprotection but not ER stress was abrogated with Akt or PKCɛ inhibitor wortmannin or ɛV1-2. At a high level (1 mM), H2O2 markedly aggravated the reperfusion injury and the oxidative stress but did not further enhance the RISK activation. In addition, 1 or 20 μM of H2O2 PC did not alter cardioprotective effects of ischemic PC in postischemic contractile performance and protein oxidation. Our data suggest that the differential effects of H2O2 are derived from a concentration-dependent wrestling between its detrimental stress and protective signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-H Wang
- 1] Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China [2] Division of Molecular Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J-L Liu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - L Wu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Z Yu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - H-T Yang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
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5
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DeSantiago J, Bare DJ, Xiao L, Ke Y, Solaro RJ, Banach K. p21-Activated kinase1 (Pak1) is a negative regulator of NADPH-oxidase 2 in ventricular myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 67:77-85. [PMID: 24380729 PMCID: PMC3930036 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic conditions reduce the activity of the p21-activated kinase (Pak1) resulting in increased arrhythmic activity. Triggered arrhythmic activity during ischemia is based on changes in cellular ionic balance and the cells Ca(2+) handling properties. In the current study we used isolated mouse ventricular myocytes (VMs) deficient for the expression of Pak1 (Pak1(-/-)) to determine the mechanism by which Pak1 influences the generation of arrhythmic activity during simulated ischemia. The Ca(2+) transient amplitude and kinetics did not significantly change in wild type (WT) and Pak1(-/-) VMs during 15 min of simulated ischemia. However, Pak1(-/-) VMs exhibited an exaggerated increase in [Ca(2+)]i, which resulted in spontaneous Ca(2+) release events and waves. The Ca(2+) overload in Pak1(-/-) VMs could be suppressed with a reverse mode blocker (KB-R7943) of the sodium calcium exchanger (NCX), a cytoplasmic scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS; TEMPOL) or a RAC1 inhibitor (NSC23766). Measurements of the cytoplasmic ROS levels revealed that decreased Pak1 activity in Pak1(-/-) VMs or VMs treated with the Pak1 inhibitor (IPA3) enhanced cellular ROS production. The Pak1 dependent increase in ROS was attenuated in VMs deficient for NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2; p47(phox-/-)) or in VMs where NOX2 was inhibited (gp91ds-tat). Voltage clamp recordings showed increased NCX activity in Pak1(-/-) VMs that depended on enhanced NOX2 induced ROS production. The exaggerated Ca(2+) overload in Pak1(-/-) VMs could be mimicked by low concentrations of ouabain. Overall our data show that Pak1 is a critical negative regulator of NOX2 dependent ROS production and that a latent ROS dependent stimulation of NCX activity can predispose VMs to Ca(2+) overload under conditions where no significant changes in excitation-contraction coupling are yet evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime DeSantiago
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Dan J Bare
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lei Xiao
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yunbo Ke
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - R John Solaro
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kathrin Banach
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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6
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Huang YP, Gao FF, Wang B, Zheng FC, Zhang YM, Chen YC, Huang ZQ, Zheng YS, Zhong SP, Shi GG. N-n-butyl haloperidol iodide inhibits H2O2-induced Na+/Ca2+-exchanger activation via the Na+/H+ exchanger in rat ventricular myocytes. Drug Des Devel Ther 2014; 8:1257-67. [PMID: 25246767 PMCID: PMC4166912 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s63163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
N-n-butyl haloperidol iodide (F2), a novel compound, has shown palliative effects in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this study, we investigated the effects of F2 on the extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE)/Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) signal-transduction pathway involved in H2O2-induced Ca(2+) overload, in order to probe the underlying molecular mechanism by which F2 antagonizes myocardial I/R injury. Acute exposure of rat cardiac myocytes to 100 μM H2O2 increased both NHE and NCX activities, as well as levels of phosphorylated MEK and ERK. The H2O2-induced increase in NCX current (I NCX) was nearly completely inhibited by the MEK inhibitor U0126 (1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis[o-aminophenylmercapto] butadiene), but only partly by the NHE inhibitor 5-(N,N-dimethyl)-amiloride (DMA), indicating the I NCX increase was primarily mediated by the MEK/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, and partially through activation of NHE. F2 attenuated the H2O2-induced I NCX increase in a concentration-dependent manner. To determine whether pathway inhibition was H2O2-specific, we examined the ability of F2 to inhibit MEK/ERK activation by epidermal growth factor (EGF), and NHE activation by angiotensin II. F2 not only inhibited H2O2-induced and EGF-induced MEK/ERK activation, but also completely blocked both H2O2-induced and angiotensin II-induced increases in NHE activity, suggesting that F2 directly inhibits MEK/ERK and NHE activation. These results show that F2 exerts multiple inhibitions on the signal-transduction pathway involved in H2O2-induced I NCX increase, providing an additional mechanism for F2 alleviating intracellular Ca(2+) overload to protect against myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Pan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fen-Fei Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu-Chun Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Mei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Cun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhan-Qin Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Shan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ping Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gang-Gang Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Gang-Gang Shi, Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China, Tel +86 754 8890 0301, Fax +86 754 8855 7562, Email
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7
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18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid induces apoptosis in pituitary adenoma cells via ROS/MAPKs-mediated pathway. J Neurooncol 2013; 116:221-30. [PMID: 24162829 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-013-1292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), a natural compound extracted from liquorice, against pituitary adenoma and its underlying mechanisms in cultured cells and mouse model of xenografted tumor. GA induced cellular damage in rat pituitary adenoma-derived MMQ and GH3 cells, manifested as reduced cell viability, increased lactate dehydrogenase release, elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca(2+) concentration. GA also caused G0/G1 phase arrest, increased apoptosis rate and increased mitochondrial membrane permeabilization by suppressing the mitochondrial membrane potential and down-regulating a ratio of B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bax. GA activated calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and P38; but these activating effects were attenuated by pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a ROS inhibitor. Pretreatment with KN93, a CaMKII inhibitor, also abolished the GA activation of JNK and P38. GA remarkably inhibited growth of pituitary adenoma grafted on nude mice. These results suggest that the anti-pituitary adenoma effect of GA is associated with its apoptotic actions by activating mitochondria-mediated ROS/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in particular CaMKII that may serve a linkage between ROS accumulation and the activation of JNK and P38. This study provides experimental evidence in the support of further developing GA as a chemotherapeutic agent for pituitary adenoma.
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8
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Abstract
The Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) is an important electrogenic transporter in maintaining Na+ and Ca2+ homeostasis in a variety of mammalian organs, and is involved in the physiological and pathophysiological regulation of Ca2+ concentration in the myocardium. It can affect cardial structure, electrophysiology and contractile properties. The role of the NCX in heart cells following ischemia/reperfusion (IR) has been investigated using a number of in vitro and in vivo models. During ischemia, ionic disturbances favor Ca2+-influx mode activity as excess Na+ is extruded in exchange for Ca2+, giving rise to increased intracellular Ca2+ levels (Cai). This rise in Cai contributes to reversible cellular dysfunction upon reperfusion, such as myocardial necrosis, arrhythmia, systolic dysfunction and heart failure. We have reviewed the major in vivo and in vitro cardiac IR-related NCX studies in an attempt to clarify the functions of NCX in IR and conclude that recent studies suggest blockage of NCX has potential therapeutic applications. Although the use of different IR models, application of NCX stimulators and inhibitors, and development of NCX transgenic animals do help elucidate the role of this ion exchanger in heart cells, related mechanisms are not completely understood and clinically effective specific NCX inhibitors need further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Chen
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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9
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Nozynski J, Zakliczynski M, Konecka-Mrowka D, Zakliczynska H, Pijet M, Zembala-Nozynska E, Lange D, Zembala M. Advanced glycation end products and lipofuscin deposits share the same location in cardiocytes of the failing heart. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:223-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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10
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Berman JM, Awayda MS. Redox artifacts in electrophysiological recordings. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 304:C604-13. [PMID: 23344161 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00318.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Electrophysiological techniques make use of Ag/AgCl electrodes that are in direct contact with cells or bath. In the bath, electrodes are exposed to numerous experimental conditions and chemical reagents that can modify electrode voltage. We examined voltage offsets created in Ag/AgCl electrodes by exposure to redox reagents used in electrophysiological studies. Voltage offsets were measured in reference to an electrode separated from the solution by an agar bridge. The reducing reagents Tris-2-carboxyethly-phosphine, dithiothreitol (DTT), and glutathione, as well as the oxidizing agent H(2)O(2) used at experimentally relevant concentrations reacted with Ag in the electrodes to produce voltage offsets. Chloride ions and strong acids and bases produced offsets at millimolar concentrations. Electrolytic depletion of the AgCl layer, to replicate voltage clamp and sustained use, resulted in increased sensitivity to flow and DTT. Offsets were sensitive to electrode silver purity and to the amount and method of chloride deposition. For example, exposure to 10 μM DTT produced a voltage offset between 10 and 284 mV depending on the chloride deposition method. Currents generated by these offsets are significant and dependent on membrane conductance and by extension the expression of ion channels and may therefore appear to be biological in origin. These data demonstrate a new source of artifacts in electrophysiological recordings that can affect measurements obtained from a variety of experimental techniques from patch clamp to two-electrode voltage clamp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Berman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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11
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Yang BC, Pan XJ, Yang ZH, Xiao FJ, Liu XY, Zhu MX, Xie JP. Crotonaldehyde induces apoptosis in alveolar macrophages through intracellular calcium, mitochondria and p53 signaling pathways. J Toxicol Sci 2013; 38:225-35. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.38.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bi-cheng Yang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,China
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, China
| | - Xiu-jie Pan
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, China
| | - Zhi-hua Yang
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, China
| | - Feng-jun Xiao
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, China
| | - Xing-yu Liu
- Beijing Work Station, Technology Center of Shanghai Tobacco Corporation, China
| | - Mao-xiang Zhu
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, China
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12
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Shiota M, Yokomizo A, Naito S. Pro-survival and anti-apoptotic properties of androgen receptor signaling by oxidative stress promote treatment resistance in prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2012; 19:R243-53. [PMID: 23033314 DOI: 10.1530/erc-12-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by an increase in reactive oxygen species levels or a decrease in cellular antioxidant capacity can evoke the modulation of various cellular events including androgen receptor (AR) signaling via direct or indirect interactions. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of AR activation by oxidative stress including: i) AR overexpression; ii) AR activation by AR co-regulators or intracellular signal transduction pathways; iii) generation of AR mutations or splice variants; and iv) de novo androgen synthesis. AR signaling augmented by oxidative stress appears to contribute to pro-survival and anti-apoptotic effects in prostate cancer cells in response to androgen deprivation therapy. In addition, AR signaling suppresses anti-survival and pro-apoptotic effects in prostate cancer cells in response to various cytotoxic and tumor-suppressive interventions including taxanes and radiation through the modulation of βIII-tubulin and ataxia telangiectasia-mutated kinase expression respectively. Taken together, AR signaling appears to render prostate cancer cells refractory to various therapeutic interventions including castration, taxanes, and radiation, indicating that AR signaling is a comprehensive resistant factor and crucial target for prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shiota
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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13
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Soliman D, Wang L, Hamming KSC, Yang W, Fatehi M, Carter CC, Clanachan AS, Light PE. Late Sodium Current Inhibition Alone with Ranolazine Is Sufficient to Reduce Ischemia- and Cardiac Glycoside-Induced Calcium Overload and Contractile Dysfunction Mediated by Reverse-Mode Sodium/Calcium Exchange. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 343:325-32. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.196949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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14
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Sovari AA, Dudley SC. Reactive oxygen species-targeted therapeutic interventions for atrial fibrillation. Front Physiol 2012; 3:311. [PMID: 22934062 PMCID: PMC3429082 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia that requires medical attention, and its incidence is increasing. Current ion channel blockade therapies and catheter ablation have significant limitations in treatment of AF, mainly because they do not address the underlying pathophysiology of the disease. Oxidative stress has been implicated as a major underlying pathology that promotes AF; however, conventional antioxidants have not shown impressive therapeutic effects. A more careful design of antioxidant therapies and better selection of patients likely are required to treat effectively AF with antioxidant agents. Current evidence suggest inhibition of prominent cardiac sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and targeting subcellular compartments with the highest levels of ROS may prove to be effective therapies for AF. Increased serum markers of oxidative stress may be an important guide in selecting the AF patients who will most likely respond to antioxidant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Sovari
- Section of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
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Huang Y, Gao F, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Wang B, Zheng Y, Shi G. N-n-Butyl haloperidol iodide inhibits the augmented Na+/Ca2+ exchanger currents and L-type Ca2+ current induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation or H2O2 in cardiomyocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 421:86-90. [PMID: 22487792 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.03.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
N-n-butyl haloperidol iodide (F(2)), a novel quaternary ammonium salt derivative of haloperidol, was reported to antagonize myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injuries. To investigate its mechanisms, we characterized the effects of F(2) on Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger currents (I(NCX)) and the L-type Ca(2+) channel current (I(Ca,L)) of cardiomyocytes during either hypoxia/reoxygenation or exposure to H(2)O(2). Using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques, the I(NCX) and I(Ca,L) were recorded from isolated rat ventricular myocytes. Exposure of cardiomyocytes to hypoxia/reoxygenation or H(2)O(2) enhanced the amplitude of the inward and outward of I(NCX) and I(Ca,L). F(2) especially inhibited the outward current of Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger, as well as the I(Ca,L), in a concentration-dependent manner. F(2) inhibits cardiomyocyte I(NCX) and I(Ca,L) after exposure to hypoxia/reoxygenation or H(2)O(2) to antagonize myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting Ca(2+) overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Trichothecin induces apoptosis of HepG2 cells via caspase-9 mediated activation of the mitochondrial death pathway. Toxicon 2011; 59:143-50. [PMID: 22118979 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 10/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Trichothecin, one of fungal toxins which were encountered in food and in the environment, seriously threatens human and animal health. It has been shown that trichothecin changed the morphology of cellular mitochondria. However, the molecular mechanism remains unknown. Here we found that cell viability was attenuated by trichothecin. Features of apoptosis such as homosomal condensation and inter nucleosomal fragmentation were observed. In consistence with the elevated apoptosis rate, expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was diminished and expression of proapoptotic protein Bax was enhanced at mRNA levels. Furthermore, expression of caspase-9 and activity of caspase-3 were increased after the treatment of trichothecin. Accordingly, the mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. And Ca(2+) overload was induced by trichothecin, followed by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Collectedly, our results suggested that apoptosis induced by trichothecin is mediated by caspase-9 activation and the decrement of mitochondrial function resulted from the overloaded calcium and ROS production.
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Wagner S, Ruff HM, Weber SL, Bellmann S, Sowa T, Schulte T, Anderson ME, Grandi E, Bers DM, Backs J, Belardinelli L, Maier LS. Reactive oxygen species-activated Ca/calmodulin kinase IIδ is required for late I(Na) augmentation leading to cellular Na and Ca overload. Circ Res 2011; 108:555-65. [PMID: 21252154 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.221911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE In heart failure Ca/calmodulin kinase (CaMK)II expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increased. Both ROS and CaMKII can increase late I(Na) leading to intracellular Na accumulation and arrhythmias. It has been shown that ROS can activate CaMKII via oxidation. OBJECTIVE We tested whether CaMKIIδ is required for ROS-dependent late I(Na) regulation and whether ROS-induced Ca released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is involved. METHODS AND RESULTS 40 μmol/L H(2)O(2) significantly increased CaMKII oxidation and autophosphorylation in permeabilized rabbit cardiomyocytes. Without free [Ca](i) (5 mmol/L BAPTA/1 mmol/L Br(2)-BAPTA) or after SR depletion (caffeine 10 mmol/L, thapsigargin 5 μmol/L), the H(2)O(2)-dependent CaMKII oxidation and autophosphorylation was abolished. H(2)O(2) significantly increased SR Ca spark frequency (confocal microscopy) but reduced SR Ca load. In wild-type (WT) mouse myocytes, H(2)O(2) increased late I(Na) (whole cell patch-clamp). This increase was abolished in CaMKIIδ(-/-) myocytes. H(2)O(2)-induced [Na](i) and [Ca](i) accumulation (SBFI [sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate] and Indo-1 epifluorescence) was significantly slowed in CaMKIIδ(-/-) myocytes (versus WT). CaMKIIδ(-/-) myocytes developed significantly less H(2)O(2)-induced arrhythmias and were more resistant to hypercontracture. Opposite results (increased late I(Na), [Na](i) and [Ca](i) accumulation) were obtained by overexpression of CaMKIIδ in rabbit myocytes (adenoviral gene transfer) reversible with CaMKII inhibition (10 μmol/L KN93 or 0.1 μmol/L AIP [autocamtide 2-related inhibitory peptide]). CONCLUSIONS Free [Ca](i) and a functional SR are required for ROS activation of CaMKII. ROS-activated CaMKIIδ enhances late I(Na), which may lead to cellular Na and Ca overload. This may be of relevance in hear failure, where enhanced ROS production meets increased CaMKII expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wagner
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Elbaz B, Valitsky M, Davidov G, Rahamimoff H. Cyclophilin A Is Involved in Functional Expression of the Na+−Ca2+ Exchanger NCX1. Biochemistry 2010; 49:7634-42. [DOI: 10.1021/bi1008722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benayahu Elbaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Michael Valitsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Geula Davidov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Hannah Rahamimoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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Kalonia H, Kumar P, Kumar A, Nehru B. Effects of caffeic acid, rofecoxib, and their combination against quinolinic acid-induced behavioral alterations and disruption in glutathione redox status. Neurosci Bull 2009; 25:343-52. [PMID: 19927170 PMCID: PMC5552501 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-009-0513-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The neuroprotective roles of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipooxygenase (LOX) inhibitors have been well documented. Quinolinic acid (QA) is a well-known excitotoxic agent that could induce behavioral, morphological and biochemical alterations similar with symptoms of Huntington's disease (HD), by stimulating NMDA receptors. However, the exact roles of COX and LOX inhibitors in HD have not yet been explained. The present study aims to elucidate the effects of caffeic acid (a specific inhibitor for LOX), rofecoxib (a specific inhibitor for COX-2), and their combination in ameliorating QA-induced neurotoxicity in rats. METHODS QA was injected into the right striatum of rats to induce neurotoxicity. Caffeic acid and rofecoxib were then orally administered separately. In the combination study, caffeic acid and rofecoxib were administered together. After that, a series of behavioral assessments were conducted to determine the effects of caffeic acid and rofecoxib, respectively, and the co-effect of caffeic acid and rofecoxib, against QA-induced neurotoxicity. RESULTS Intrastriatal QA administration (300 nmol) not only induced a significant reduction in body weight and motor incoordination, but also altered the redox status (decreased glutathione and increased oxidized glutathione level) in striatum, as compared to the sham group. Moreover, chronic treatment with caffeic acid (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively, p.o.) or rofecoxib (10 mg/kg, p.o.) could significantly attenuate QA-induced behavioral alterations and restore the redox status in striatum. However, at the dose of 2.5 mg/kg, caffeic acid did not show any significant effects on these parameters in QA-treated rats. Furthermore, the combination of rofecoxib (10 mg/kg) and caffeic acid (5 mg/kg) could significantly protect against QA neurotoxicity. CONCLUSION The in vivo study indicates that excitotoxic injury to the brain might affect oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium by eliciting changes in glutathione. Moreover, the LOX and the COX pathways may be both involved in quinolinic-induced neurotoxicity, which provides a promising target for HD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikesh Kalonia
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Grants Commission, Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Grants Commission, Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Grants Commission, Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Bimla Nehru
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
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