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Fallah M, Rakhshan K, Nikbakht F, Maleki-Ravasan N, Tahghighi A, Azizi Y. Cardioprotective effects of the aqueous extract of Echinops cephalotes on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in rats by modulation of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP, and oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116927. [PMID: 38870633 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Echinops plants have received great attention for the treatment of many diseases due to pharmacological properties such as their antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory characteristics. The major purpose of the present study was to investigate the cardioprotective benefits of Echinops cephalotes (Ech) against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to three groups: sham, MI, and MI + Ech. The left coronary artery (LAD) was blocked for 30 minutes to induce MI. In the treatment group, rats were given 150 mg/kg/day of Ech extract for 28 days. Aqueous extracts were made from Echinops plants. To study heart function, fibrosis, cardiac damage indicators, and oxidative stress factors, echocardiography, Masson's trichrome staining, and biochemical tests were used. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 (MMP2 and MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) was determined using Western blotting. Tissue damage was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. MI group exhibited significantly reduced ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS), enhanced levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), cardiac Troponin I (cTnI), and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as a decrease in the Glutathione (GSH) tissue content, reduced activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), increasing fibrosis, upregulations of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and reduction of TIMP compared to the sham group. The findings suggest that Ech in particular, could be a promising therapeutic agent to reduce the damage in MI by targeting oxidative stress and modulating the activities of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Fallah
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Rakhshan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Nikbakht
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Azar Tahghighi
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Clinical Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Azizi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Schnitter F, Stangl F, Noeske E, Bille M, Stadtmüller A, Vogt N, Sicklinger F, Leuschner F, Frey A, Schreiber L, Frantz S, Beyersdorf N, Ramos G, Gladow N, Hofmann U. Characterizing the immune response to myocardial infarction in pigs. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:453-479. [PMID: 38491291 PMCID: PMC11143055 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Though myocardial infarction (MI) in pigs is a well-established translational large animal model, it has not yet been widely used for immunotherapy studies, and a comprehensive description of the immune response to MI in this species is lacking. We induced MI in Landrace pigs by balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending artery over 90 min. Within 14 days, the necrotic myocardium was progressively replaced by scar tissue with involvement of myofibroblasts. We characterized the immune response in the heart ex vivo by (immuno)histology, flow cytometry, and RNA sequencing of myocardial tissue on days 3, 7, and 14 after MI. Besides a clear predominance of myeloid cells among heart-infiltrating leukocytes, we detected activated T cells and an increasing proportion of CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg), especially in the infarct core-findings that closely mirror what has been observed in mice and humans after MI. Transcriptome data indicated inflammatory activity that was persistent but markedly changing in character over time and linked to extracellular matrix biology. Analysis of lymphocytes in heart-draining lymph nodes revealed significantly higher proliferation rates of T helper cell subsets, including Treg on day 7 after MI, compared to sham controls. Elevated frequencies of myeloid progenitors in the spleen suggest that it might be a site of emergency myelopoiesis after MI in pigs, as previously shown in mice. We thus provide a first description of the immune response to MI in pigs, and our results can aid future research using the species for preclinical immunotherapy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schnitter
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Franziska Stangl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Noeske
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maya Bille
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anja Stadtmüller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Vogt
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Sicklinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Leuschner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laura Schreiber
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Frantz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Beyersdorf
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gustavo Ramos
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Gladow
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hofmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Wei W, Xie P, Wang X. Interval training suppresses nod-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome activation to improve cardiac function in myocardial infarction rats by hindering the activation of the transforming growth factor-β1 pathway. J Cardiothorac Surg 2024; 19:283. [PMID: 38730417 PMCID: PMC11088074 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-024-02756-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myocardial infarction (MI) -induced cardiac dysfunction can be attenuated by aerobic exercises. This study explored the mechanism of interval training (IT) regulating cardiac function in MI rats, providing some theoretical basis for clarifying MI pathogenesis and new ideas for clinically treating MI. METHODS Rats were subjected to MI modeling, IT intervention, and treatments of the Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) pathway or the nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) activators. Cardiac function and hemodynamic indicator alterations were observed. Myocardial pathological damage and fibrosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, MDA content, inflammasome-associated protein levels, and inflammatory factor levels were assessed. The binding between TGF-β1 and receptor was detected. RESULTS MI rats exhibited decreased left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricle fractional shortening (LVFS), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), positive and negative derivates max/min (dP/dt max/min) and increased left ventricular end-systolic pressure (LVEDP), a large number of scar areas in myocardium, disordered cell arrangement and extensive fibrotic lesions, increased TGF-β1 and receptor binding, elevated ROS level and MDA content and weakened SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities, and up-regulated NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and cleaved-caspase-1 levels, while IT intervention caused ameliorated cardiac function. IT inactivated the TGF-β1 pathway to decrease oxidative stress in myocardial tissues of MI rats and inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Activating NLRP3 partially reversed IT-mediated improvement on cardiac function in MI rats. CONCLUSION IT diminished oxidative stress in myocardial tissues and suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation via inactivating the TGF-β1 pathway, thus improving the cardiac function of MI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Cardiovascular medicine, Zhangye Second People's Hospital, North Section of West 3rd Ring Road, Binhe New District, Ganzhou District, Zhangye, 734000, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Cardiovascular medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Cardiovascular medicine, Zhangye Second People's Hospital, North Section of West 3rd Ring Road, Binhe New District, Ganzhou District, Zhangye, 734000, China.
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Zhuang Q, Li M, Hu D, Li J. Recent advances in potential targets for myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury: Role of macrophages. Mol Immunol 2024; 169:1-9. [PMID: 38447462 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a complex process that occurs when blood flow is restored after myocardium infarction (MI) with exacerbated tissue damage. Macrophages, essential cell type of the immune response, play an important role in MIRI. Macrophage subpopulations, namely M1 and M2, are distinguished by distinct phenotypes and functions. In MIRI, macrophages infiltrate in infarcted area, shaping the inflammatory response and influencing tissue healing. Resident cardiac macrophages interact with monocyte-derived macrophages in MIRI, and influence injury progression. Key factors including chemokines, cytokines, and toll-like receptors modulate macrophage behavior in MIRI. This review aims to address recent findings on the classification and the roles of macrophages in the myocardium, spanning from MI to subsequent MIRI, and highlights various signaling pathways implicated in macrophage polarization underlining the complexity of MIRI. This article will shed light on developing advanced therapeutic strategies for MIRI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qigang Zhuang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Desheng Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Junyi Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Moody JB, Poitrasson-Rivière A, Renaud JM, Hagio T, Al-Mallah MH, Weinberg RL, Ficaro EP, Murthy VL. Integrated myocardial flow reserve (iMFR) assessment: diffuse atherosclerosis and microvascular dysfunction are more strongly associated with mortality than focally impaired perfusion. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 51:123-135. [PMID: 37787848 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although treatment of ischemia-causing epicardial stenoses may improve symptoms of ischemia, current evidence does not suggest that revascularization improves survival. Conventional myocardial ischemia imaging does not uniquely identify diffuse atherosclerosis, microvascular dysfunction, or nonobstructive epicardial stenoses. We sought to evaluate the prognostic value of integrated myocardial flow reserve (iMFR), a novel noninvasive approach to distinguish the perfusion impact of focal atherosclerosis from diffuse coronary disease. METHODS This study analyzed a large single-center registry of consecutive patients clinically referred for rest-stress myocardial perfusion positron emission tomography. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to assess the association of two previously reported and two novel perfusion measures with mortality risk: global stress myocardial blood flow (MBF); global myocardial flow reserve (MFR); and two metrics derived from iMFR analysis: the extents of focal and diffusely impaired perfusion. RESULTS In total, 6867 patients were included with a median follow-up of 3.4 years [1st-3rd quartiles, 1.9-5.0] and 1444 deaths (21%). Although all evaluated perfusion measures were independently associated with death, diffusely impaired perfusion extent (hazard ratio 2.65, 95%C.I. [2.37-2.97]) and global MFR (HR 2.29, 95%C.I. [2.08-2.52]) were consistently stronger predictors than stress MBF (HR 1.62, 95%C.I. [1.46-1.79]). Focally impaired perfusion extent (HR 1.09, 95%C.I. [1.03-1.16]) was only moderately related to mortality. Diffusely impaired perfusion extent remained a significant independent predictor of death when combined with global MFR (p < 0.0001), providing improved risk stratification (overall net reclassification improvement 0.246, 95%C.I. [0.183-0.310]). CONCLUSIONS The extent of diffusely impaired perfusion is a strong independent and additive marker of mortality risk beyond traditional risk factors, standard perfusion imaging, and global MFR, while focally impaired perfusion is only moderately related to mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mouaz H Al-Mallah
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard L Weinberg
- Division of Cardiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Edward P Ficaro
- INVIA, LLC, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Venkatesh L Murthy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Zheng Z, Zhou Y, Song Y, Ying P, Tan X. Genetic and immunological insights into COVID-19 with acute myocardial infarction: integrated analysis of mendelian randomization, transcriptomics, and clinical samples. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1286087. [PMID: 38022594 PMCID: PMC10657900 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1286087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, most deaths result from cardiovascular diseases, particularly ischemic heart disease. COVID-19 affects the heart, worsening existing heart conditions and causing myocardial injury. The mechanistic link between COVID-19 and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is still being investigated to elucidate the underlying molecular perspectives. Methods Genetic risk assessment was conducted using two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) to determine the causality between COVID-19 and AMI. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and machine learning were used to discover and validate shared hub genes for the two diseases using bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) analyses were performed to characterize immune cell infiltration, communication, and immune correlation of the hub genes. To validate the findings, the expression patterns of hub genes were confirmed in clinical blood samples collected from COVID-19 patients with AMI. Results TSMR did not find evidence supporting a causal association between COVID-19 or severe COVID-19 and AMI. In the bulk RNA-seq discovery cohorts for both COVID-19 and AMI, WGCNA's intersection analysis and machine learning identified TLR4 and ABCA1 as significant hub genes, demonstrating high diagnostic and predictive value in the RNA-seq validation cohort. Single-gene GSEA and single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) revealed immune and inflammatory roles for TLR4 and ABCA1, linked to various immune cell infiltrations. Furthermore, scRNA-seq analysis unveiled significant immune dysregulation in COVID-19 patients, characterized by altered immune cell proportions, phenotypic shifts, enhanced cell-cell communication, and elevated TLR4 and ABCA1 in CD16 monocytes. Lastly, the increased expression of TLR4, but not ABCA1, was validated in clinical blood samples from COVID-19 patients with AMI. Conclusion No genetic causal link between COVID-19 and AMI and dysregulated TLR4 and ABCA1 may be responsible for the development of immune and inflammatory responses in COVID-19 patients with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequn Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Clinical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yueran Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Clinical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongfei Song
- Ningbo Institute for Medicine &Biomedical Engineering Combined Innovation, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pengxiang Ying
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Xuerui Tan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Clinical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Schoch L, Alcover S, Padró T, Ben-Aicha S, Mendieta G, Badimon L, Vilahur G. Update of HDL in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2023; 35:297-314. [PMID: 37940388 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic evidence supported an inverse association between HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), identifying HDL-C as a major cardiovascular risk factor and postulating diverse HDL vascular- and cardioprotective functions beyond their ability to drive reverse cholesterol transport. However, the failure of several clinical trials aimed at increasing HDL-C in patients with overt cardiovascular disease brought into question whether increasing the cholesterol cargo of HDL was an effective strategy to enhance their protective properties. In parallel, substantial evidence supports that HDLs are complex and heterogeneous particles whose composition is essential for maintaining their protective functions, subsequently strengthening the "HDL quality over quantity" hypothesis. The following state-of-the-art review covers the latest understanding as per the roles of HDL in ASCVD, delves into recent advances in understanding the complexity of HDL particle composition, including proteins, lipids and other HDL-transported components and discusses on the clinical outcomes after the administration of HDL-C raising drugs with particular attention to CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein) inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Schoch
- Cardiovascular Program, Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastián Alcover
- Cardiovascular Program, Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Padró
- Cardiovascular Program, Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Guiomar Mendieta
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiovascular Clinical Institute, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program, Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; CiberCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program, Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; CiberCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Farzaei MH, Ramezani-Aliakbari F, Ramezani-Aliakbari M, Zarei M, Komaki A, Shahidi S, Sarihi A, Salehi I. Regulatory effects of trimetazidine in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:1633-1646. [PMID: 36971866 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a tissue damage during reperfusion after an ischemic condition. I/R injury is induced by pathological cases including stroke, myocardial infarction, circulatory arrest, sickle cell disease, acute kidney injury, trauma, and sleep apnea. It can lead to increased morbidity and mortality in the context of these processes. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of I/R insult, which is induced via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, and autophagy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are non-coding RNAs that play a main regulatory role in gene expression. Recently, there are evidence, which miRNAs are the major modulators of cardiovascular diseases, especially myocardial I/R injury. Cardiovascular miRNAs, specifically miR-21, and probably miR-24 and miR-126 have protective effects on myocardial I/R injury. Trimetazidine (TMZ) is a new class of metabolic agents with an anti-ischemic activity. It has beneficial effects on chronic stable angina by suppressing mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. The present review study addressed the different mechanistic effects of TMZ on cardiac I/R injury. Online databases including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane library were assessed for published studies between 1986 and 2021. TMZ, an antioxidant and metabolic agent, prevents the cardiac reperfusion injury by regulating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), cystathionine-γ-lyase enzyme (CSE)/hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and miR-21. Therefore, TMZ protects the heart against I/R injury by inducing key regulators such as AMPK, CSE/H2S, and miR-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Ramezani-Aliakbari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Siamak Shahidi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abdolrahman Sarihi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Ibrahim NA, Buabeid MA, Shaimaa Arafa E, Elmorshedy KE. Zinc's protective role against hydroxychloroquine-induced cardiac effects in adult male albino rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103733. [PMID: 37521750 PMCID: PMC10374629 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long exposure to Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been complicated by some dangerous though infrequent cardiotoxicity. Methods A total of 40 normal adult male albino rats dispersed into 4 groups were used. Group 1 (Control group), Group II (HCQ treated group), Group III (zinc [Zn]-treated group), and Group IV (HCQ and Zn treated group). Once the experimentation ended, rats were sacrificed and cardiac soft tissue sections were processed twenty-four hours at the end of the experiment for histological study. Results Cardiac-stained sections revealed that HCQ induced widespread necrosis, dilatation, and vacuolar degeneration. However, the combination of HCQ with Zn ameliorated these damaging effects. Cardiac enzyme parameters were also studied in the 4 groups and revealed CK-MB and troponin were considerably elevated in groups II associated to the control group. Conclusion It was concluded that Zn revealed a protective role against HCQ cardiomyopathy in adult male albino rats. This might signify an appreciated means for Zn-based treatment in the upcoming subsequent clinical records to adjust doses and guarantee patient safeguard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal A. Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, UAE
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research (CMBAHSR), Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | | | - El Shaimaa Arafa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, UAE
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research (CMBAHSR), Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
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Chen Y, Huang Q, Feng Y. Exercise improves cardiac function in the aged rats with myocardial infarction. Physiol Res 2023; 72:27-35. [PMID: 36545879 PMCID: PMC10069814 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise can improve the cardiovascular health. However, the mechanism contributing to its beneficial effect on elderly patients with myocardial infarction is obscure. 20-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish myocardial infarction (MI) model by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) of the heart, followed by 4-week interval exercise training on a motor-driven rodent treadmill. The cardiac function, myocardial fibrosis, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses were determined by using pressure transducer catheter, polygraph physiological data acquisition system, Masson's trichrome staining, and ELISA to evaluate the impact of post-MI exercise training on MI. Western blot were performed to detect the activation of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1alpha signaling in the hearts of aged rats. Exercise training significantly improved cardiac function and reduced the cardiac fibrosis. In infarcted heart, the apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation were significantly reduced after 4-week exercise training. Mechanistically, AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1alpha pathway was activated in the myocardial infarction area after exercise training, which might participate in the protection of cardiac function. Exercise training improves cardiac function in MI rats through reduction of apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation, which may mediate by the activation of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1alpha signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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Radike M, Sutelman P, Ben-Aicha S, Gutiérrez M, Mendieta G, Alcover S, Casaní L, Arderiu G, Borrell-Pages M, Padró T, Badimon L, Vilahur G. A comprehensive and longitudinal cardiac magnetic resonance imaging study of the impact of coronary ischemia duration on myocardial damage in a highly translatable animal model. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e13860. [PMID: 35986736 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We performed a comprehensive assessment of the effect of myocardial ischemia duration on cardiac structural and functional parameters by serial cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and characterized the evolving scar. BACKGROUND CMR follow-up on the cardiac impact of time of ischemia in a closed-chest animal model of myocardial infarction with human resemblance is missing. METHODS Pigs underwent MI induction by occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery for 30, 60, 90 or 120 min and then revascularized. Serial CMR was performed on day 3 and day 42 post-MI. CMR measurements were also run in a sham-operated group. Cellular and molecular changes were investigated. RESULTS On day 3, cardiac damage and function were similar in sham and pigs subjected to 30 min of ischemia. Cardiac damage (oedema and necrosis) significantly increased from 60 min onwards. Microvascular obstruction was extensively seen in animals with ≥90 min of ischemia and correlated with cardiac damage. A drop in global systolic function and wall motion of the jeopardized segments was seen in pigs subjected to ≥60 min of ischemia. On day 42, scar size and cardiac dysfunction followed the same pattern in the animals subjected to ≥60 min of ischemia. Adverse left ventricular remodelling (worsening of both LV volumes) was only present in animals subjected to 120 min of ischemia. Cardiac fibrosis, myocyte hypertrophy and vessel rarefaction were similar in the infarcted myocardium of pigs subjected to ≥60 min of ischemia. No changes were observed in the remote myocardium. CONCLUSION Sixty-minute LAD coronary occlusion already induces cardiac structural and functional alterations with longer ischemic time (120 min) causing adverse LV remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Radike
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Radiology Department, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Pablo Sutelman
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soumaya Ben-Aicha
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Gutiérrez
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Radiology Department, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Guiomar Mendieta
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastià Alcover
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Casaní
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Arderiu
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Borrell-Pages
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Padró
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CiberCV, Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CiberCV, Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Research Chair UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CiberCV, Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Czosseck A, Chen MM, Nguyen H, Meeson A, Hsu CC, Chen CC, George TA, Ruan SC, Cheng YY, Lin PJ, Hsieh PCH, Lundy DJ. Porous scaffold for mesenchymal cell encapsulation and exosome-based therapy of ischemic diseases. J Control Release 2022; 352:879-892. [PMID: 36370875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic diseases including myocardial infarction (MI) and limb ischemia are some of the greatest causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cell therapy is a potential treatment but is usually limited by poor survival and retention of donor cells injected at the target site. Since much of the therapeutic effects occur via cell-secreted paracrine factors, including extracellular vesicles (EVs), we developed a porous material for cell encapsulation which would improve donor cell retention and survival, while allowing EV secretion. Human donor cardiac mesenchymal cells were used as a model therapeutic cell and the encapsulation system could sustain three-dimensional cell growth and secretion of therapeutic factors. Secretion of EVs and protective growth factors were increased by encapsulation, and secreted EVs had hypoxia-protective, pro-angiogenic activities in in vitro assays. In a mouse model of limb ischemia the implant improved angiogenesis and blood flow, and in an MI model the system preserved ejection fraction %. In both instances, the encapsulation system greatly extended donor cell retention and survival compared to directly injected cells. This system represents a promising therapy for ischemic diseases and could be adapted for treatment of other diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Czosseck
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Max M Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Helen Nguyen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Annette Meeson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Chuan-Chih Hsu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Thomashire A George
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chian Ruan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yuan Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ju Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Patrick C H Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - David J Lundy
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Center for Cell Therapy, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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13
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Tomimatsu M, Matsumoto K, Ashizuka M, Kumagai S, Tanaka S, Nakae T, Yokota K, Kominami S, Kajiura R, Okuzaki D, Motooka D, Shiraishi A, Abe T, Matsuda H, Okada Y, Maeda M, Seno S, Obana M, Fujio Y. Myeloid cell-specific ablation of Runx2 gene exacerbates post-infarct cardiac remodeling. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16656. [PMID: 36198906 PMCID: PMC9534857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21202-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), a regulator of osteoblast differentiation, is pathologically involved in vascular calcification; however, the significance of Runx2 in cardiac homeostasis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the roles of Runx2 in cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). The expression of Runx2 mRNA and protein was upregulated in murine hearts after MI. Runx2 was expressed in heart-infiltrating myeloid cells, especially in macrophages, at the border zone of post-infarct myocardium. To analyze the biological functions of Runx2 in cardiac remodeling, myeloid cell-specific Runx2 deficient (CKO) mice were exposed to MI. After MI, ventricular weight/tibia length ratio was increased in CKO mice, concomitant with severe cardiac dysfunction. Cardiac fibrosis was exacerbated in CKO mice, consistent with the upregulation of collagen 1a1 expression. Mechanistically, immunohistochemical analysis using anti-CD31 antibody showed that capillary density was decreased in CKO mice. Additionally, conditioned culture media of myeloid cells from Runx2 deficient mice exposed to MI induced the tube formation of vascular endothelial cells to a lesser extent than those from control mice. RNA-sequence showed that the expression of pro-angiogenic or anti-angiogenic factors was altered in macrophages from Runx2-deficient mice. Collectively, Runx2+ myeloid cells infiltrate into post-infarct myocardium and prevent adverse cardiac remodeling, at least partially, by regulating endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Tomimatsu
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kotaro Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Moe Ashizuka
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shohei Kumagai
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Tanaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Nakae
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosei Yokota
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kominami
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryota Kajiura
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aki Shiraishi
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hideo Matsuda
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Okada
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makiko Maeda
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Medical Center for Translational Research, Department of Medical Innovation, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeto Seno
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Obana
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan. .,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan. .,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics (MEI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan. .,Radioisotope Research Center, Institute for Radiation Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Fujio
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan. .,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
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14
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Barradas M, Plaza A, Colmenarejo G, Lázaro I, Costa-Machado LF, Martín-Hernández R, Micó V, López-Aceituno JL, Herranz J, Pantoja C, Tejero H, Diaz-Ruiz A, Al-Shahrour F, Daimiel L, Loria-Kohen V, de Molina AR, Efeyan A, Serrano M, Pozo OJ, Sala-Vila A, Fernandez-Marcos PJ. Fatty acids homeostasis during fasting predicts protection from chemotherapy toxicity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5677. [PMID: 36167809 PMCID: PMC9515185 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasting exerts beneficial effects in mice and humans, including protection from chemotherapy toxicity. To explore the involved mechanisms, we collect blood from humans and mice before and after 36 or 24 hours of fasting, respectively, and measure lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes, circulating micro RNAs (miRNAs), and RNA expression at peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Fasting coordinately affects the proportion of polyunsaturated versus saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids at the erythrocyte membrane; and reduces the expression of insulin signaling-related genes in PBMCs. When fasted for 24 hours before and 24 hours after administration of oxaliplatin or doxorubicin, mice show a strong protection from toxicity in several tissues. Erythrocyte membrane lipids and PBMC gene expression define two separate groups of individuals that accurately predict a differential protection from chemotherapy toxicity, with important clinical implications. Our results reveal a mechanism of fasting associated with lipid homeostasis, and provide biomarkers of fasting to predict fasting-mediated protection from chemotherapy toxicity. Fasting has been reported to protect from chemotherapy-associated toxicity. Here, the authors show that fatty acid profiles in erythrocyte membranes and gene expression from peripheral blood mononuclear cells are associated to the fasting-mediated benefits during cancer treatment in mice and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Barradas
- Metabolic Syndrome Group-BIOPROMET, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adrián Plaza
- Metabolic Syndrome Group-BIOPROMET, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo Colmenarejo
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iolanda Lázaro
- Cardiovascular risk and nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Filipe Costa-Machado
- Metabolic Syndrome Group-BIOPROMET, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Martín-Hernández
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Micó
- Nutritional Genomics of Cardiovascular Disease and Obesity, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis López-Aceituno
- Metabolic Syndrome Group-BIOPROMET, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Herranz
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Pantoja
- Metabolic Syndrome Group-BIOPROMET, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hector Tejero
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Diaz-Ruiz
- Nutritional Interventions Group, Precision Nutrition and Aging, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fatima Al-Shahrour
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Nutritional Genomics of Cardiovascular Disease and Obesity, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Viviana Loria-Kohen
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, Platform GENYAL, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramirez de Molina
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, Platform GENYAL, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer Group, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejo Efeyan
- Metabolism and Cell Signaling Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar J Pozo
- Applied Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute-(IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Cardiovascular risk and nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain.,Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Pablo J Fernandez-Marcos
- Metabolic Syndrome Group-BIOPROMET, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Mahmoudi A, Heydari S, Markina YV, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. Role of statins in regulating molecular pathways following traumatic brain injury: A system pharmacology study. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113304. [PMID: 35724514 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious disorder with debilitating physical and psychological complications. Previous studies have indicated that genetic factors have a critical role in modulating the secondary phase of injury in TBI. Statins have interesting pleiotropic properties such as antiapoptotic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects, which make them a suitable class of drugs for repurposing in TBI. In this study, we aimed to explore how statins modulate proteins and pathways involved in TBI using system pharmacology. We first explored the target associations with statins in two databases to discover critical clustering groups, candidate hub and critical hub genes in the network of TBI, and the possible connections of statins with TBI-related genes. Our results showed 1763 genes associated with TBI. Subsequently, the analysis of centralities in the PPI network displayed 55 candidate hub genes and 15 hub genes. Besides, MCODE analysis based on threshold score:10 determined four modular clusters. Intersection analysis of genes related to TBI and statins demonstrated 204 shared proteins, which suggested that statins influence 31 candidate hub and 9 hub genes. Moreover, statins had the highest interaction with MCODE1. The biological processes of the 31 shared proteins are related to gene expression, inflammation, antioxidant activity, and cell proliferation. Biological enriched pathways showed Programmed Cell Death proteins, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, C-type lectin receptor signalling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway as top clusters. In conclusion, statins could target several critical post-TBI genes mainly involved in inflammation and apoptosis, supporting the previous research results as a potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177899191, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sahar Heydari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Yuliya V Markina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBI "Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery", 3 Tsyurupy Str., 117418, Moscow, the Russian Federation
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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16
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Cucu I, Nicolescu MI, Busnatu ȘS, Manole CG. Dynamic Involvement of Telocytes in Modulating Multiple Signaling Pathways in Cardiac Cytoarchitecture. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5769. [PMID: 35628576 PMCID: PMC9143034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac interstitium is a complex and dynamic environment, vital for normal cardiac structure and function. Telocytes are active cellular players in regulating main events that feature myocardial homeostasis and orchestrating its involvement in heart pathology. Despite the great amount of data suggesting (microscopically, proteomically, genetically, etc.) the implications of telocytes in the different physiological and reparatory/regenerative processes of the heart, understanding their involvement in realizing the heart's mature cytoarchitecture is still at its dawn. Our scrutiny of the recent literature gave clearer insights into the implications of telocytes in the WNT signaling pathway, but also TGFB and PI3K/AKT pathways that, inter alia, conduct cardiomyocytes differentiation, maturation and final integration into heart adult architecture. These data also strengthen evidence for telocytes as promising candidates for cellular therapies in various heart pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Cucu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mihnea Ioan Nicolescu
- Division of Histology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, “Victor Babeș” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ștefan-Sebastian Busnatu
- Department of Cardiology-“Bagdasar Arseni” Emergency Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cătălin Gabriel Manole
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Pathology, “Victor Babeș” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
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17
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George TA, Hsu CC, Meeson A, Lundy DJ. Nanocarrier-Based Targeted Therapies for Myocardial Infarction. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050930. [PMID: 35631516 PMCID: PMC9143269 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Due to poor inherent regeneration of the adult mammalian myocardium and challenges with effective drug delivery, there has been little progress in regenerative therapies. Nanocarriers, including liposomes, nanoparticles, and exosomes, offer many potential advantages for the therapy of myocardial infarction, including improved delivery, retention, and prolonged activity of therapeutics. However, there are many challenges that have prevented the widespread clinical use of these technologies. This review aims to summarize significant principles and developments in the field, with a focus on nanocarriers using ligand-based or cell mimicry-based targeting. Lastly, a discussion of limitations and potential future direction is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomashire A. George
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Chuan-Chih Hsu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Annette Meeson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK;
| | - David J. Lundy
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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18
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Signaling pathways of inflammation in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. CARDIOLOGY PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/cp9.0000000000000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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19
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Hua CC, Liu XM, Liang LR, Wang LF, Zhong JC. Targeting the microRNA-34a as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:784044. [PMID: 35155600 PMCID: PMC8828972 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.784044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are still the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and include a group of disorders varying from vasculature, myocardium, arrhythmias and cardiac development. MicroRNAs (miRs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs with 18–23 nucleotides that regulate gene expression. The miR-34 family, including miR-34a/b/c, plays a vital role in the regulation of myocardial physiology and pathophysiological processes. Recently, miR-34a has been implicated in cardiovascular fibrosis, dysfunction and related cardiovascular disorders as an essential regulator. Interestingly, there is a pivotal link among miR-34a, cardiovascular fibrosis, and Smad4/TGF-β1 signaling. Notably, both loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches identified the critical roles of miR-34a in cardiovascular apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, senescence and remodeling by modulating multifunctional signaling pathways. In this article, we focus on the current understanding of miR-34a in biogenesis, its biological effects and its implications for cardiac pathologies including myocardial infarction, heart failure, ischaemia reperfusion injury, cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, hypertension and atrial fibrillation. Thus, further understanding of the effects of miR-34a on cardiovascular diseases will aid the development of effective interventions. Targeting for miR-34a has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular dysfunction and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun-Cun Hua
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Ming Liu
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Rong Liang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Tobacco Dependence Treatment Research, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Le-Feng Wang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiu-Chang Zhong
| | - Jiu-Chang Zhong
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Tobacco Dependence Treatment Research, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Le-Feng Wang
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20
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You W, Di A, Zhang L, Zhao G. Effects of wogonin on the growth and metastasis of colon cancer through the Hippo signaling pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:2586-2597. [PMID: 35037825 PMCID: PMC8973922 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2019173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wogonin is an effective component of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which exhibits anti-tumor activity. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of wogonin on colon cancer (CC). Human CC cell lines, SW480 and HCT116, were cultured, and MTT assay was performed to detect cell survival. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to measure mRNA and protein expression, respectively. The migration and invasion abilities of the CC cells were determined by a transwell assay. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to determine the localization of IRF3. Xenograft mice were used to investigate the effects of wogonin on CC in vivo. Wogonin inhibited the survival and metastasis of CC cells. In addition, wogonin suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, the protein expression of YAP1 and IRF3 was downregulated, and p-YAP1 was upregulated after wogonin treatment. Wogonin also suppressed IRF3 expression in the nuclei of CC cells and overexpression of YAP1 reversed the effects of wogonin in CC cells. Finally, wogonin inhibited the tumor growth in the mice and overexpression of YAP1 reversed the wogonin effects. Thus, these results showed that wogonin relieved the carcinogenic behaviors and EMT of CC cells via the IRF3-mediated Hippo signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli You
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Aiting Di
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lize Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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21
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Maslov LN, Popov SV, Mukhomedzyanov AV, Naryzhnaya NV, Voronkov NS, Ryabov VV, Boshchenko AA, Khaliulin I, Prasad NR, Fu F, Pei JM, Logvinov SV, Oeltgen PR. Reperfusion Cardiac Injury: Receptors and the Signaling Mechanisms. Curr Cardiol Rev 2022; 18:63-79. [PMID: 35422224 PMCID: PMC9896422 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x18666220413121730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been documented that Ca2+ overload and increased production of reactive oxygen species play a significant role in reperfusion injury (RI) of cardiomyocytes. Ischemia/reperfusion induces cell death as a result of necrosis, necroptosis, apoptosis, and possibly autophagy, pyroptosis and ferroptosis. It has also been demonstrated that the NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in RI of the heart. An increase in adrenergic system activity during the restoration of coronary perfusion negatively affected cardiac resistance to RI. Toll-like receptors are involved in RI of the heart. Angiotensin II and endothelin-1 aggravated ischemic/reperfusion injury of the heart. Activation of neutrophils, monocytes, CD4+ T-cells and platelets contributes to cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. Our review outlines the role of these factors in reperfusion cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid N. Maslov
- Address correspondence to this author at the Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Science, Kyevskskaya 111A, 634012 Tomsk, Russia; Tel. +7 3822 262174; E-mail:
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22
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Guo F, Wang X, Guo Y, Wan W, Cui Y, Wang J, Liu W. Shenfu Administration Improves Cardiac Fibrosis in Rats With Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Through Adenosine A 2a Receptor Activation. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221077684. [PMID: 35196174 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221077684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Shenfu injection (SFI) is commonly used for cardiac dysfunction in China. Adenosine receptors have been reported to exert anti-fibrosis effects. The intent of this study was to evaluate that SFI attenuates cardiac fibrosis through activating of adenosine A2a receptor (A2aR) in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R). METHODS Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into five groups, nine rats in each group. Injections in all rat groups were carried out prior to reperfusion, and in the sham and MI/R groups, only vehicle was injected. Injections in the remaining group were as follows: 5 mL/kg in the SFI group; 15 mg/kg nicorandil in the A2R agonist group; and 5 mL/kg SFI plus 5 mg/kg MSX-3 in the SFI + A2aR antagonist group. Changes in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and the development of myocardial infarction and cardiac fibrosis were documented among the groups. Additionally, the levels of A2aR, collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ, fibronectin, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were measured. RESULTS Following injection with SFI or nicorandil, the cAMP concentration, infarct area, and cardiac fibrosis induced by MI/R injury were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Additionally, the levels of collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ, fibronectin, and MMP-9 were clearly suppressed by SFI or nicorandil when compared with the MI/R group (p<0.01). However, the protective effects of SFI were counteracted by MSX-3. A negative correlation between A2aR and collagen I and collagen III was found (p = 0.00). CONCLUSION SFI activated the A2aR to reduce myocardial fibrosis caused by MI/R injury, which provided an underlying mechanism of action of SFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangming Guo
- Department of Cardiology, 519688Yantaishan Hospital, Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Yantai City, China
| | - Xiaohuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, 91589Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanying Guo
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hongkang, China
| | - Weiping Wan
- Department of Ultrasound, 519688Yantaishan Hospital, Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Yantai City, China
| | - Yanfang Cui
- Department of Ultrasound, 519688Yantaishan Hospital, Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Yantai City, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, 519688Yantaishan Hospital, Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Yantai City, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, 519688Yantaishan Hospital, Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Yantai City, China
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23
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Chen W, Pretorius D, Zhou Y, Nakada Y, Yang J, Zhang J. TT-10-loaded nanoparticles promote cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac repair in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. JCI Insight 2021; 6:151987. [PMID: 34676829 PMCID: PMC8564911 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The meager regenerative capacity of adult mammalian hearts appears to be driven by the proliferation of endogenous cardiomyocytes; thus, strategies targeting mechanisms of cardiomyocyte cell cycle regulation, such as the Hippo/Yes-associated protein (Hippo/Yap) pathway, could lead to the development of promising therapies for heart disease. The pharmacological product TT-10 increases cardiomyocyte proliferation by upregulating nuclear Yap levels. When intraperitoneal injections of TT-10 were administered to infarcted mouse hearts, the treatment promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation and was associated with declines in infarct size 1 week after administration, but cardiac function worsened at later time points. Here, we investigated whether encapsulating TT-10 into poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles (NPs) before administration could extend the duration of TT-10 delivery and improve the potency of TT-10 for myocardial repair. TT-10 was released from the TT-10–loaded NPs for up to 4 weeks in vitro, and intramyocardial injections of TT-10–delivered NPs stably improved cardiac function from week 1 to week 4 after administration to infarcted mouse hearts. TT-10–delivered NP treatment was also associated with significantly smaller infarcts at week 4, with increases in cardiomyocyte proliferation and nuclear Yap abundance and with declines in cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Thus, NP-mediated delivery appears to enhance both the potency and durability of TT-10 treatment for myocardial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangping Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, Birmingham, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Danielle Pretorius
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, Birmingham, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, Birmingham, USA
| | - Yuji Nakada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, Birmingham, USA
| | - Jinfu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, Birmingham, USA.,Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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24
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Hobby ARH, Berretta RM, Eaton DM, Kubo H, Feldsott E, Yang Y, Headrick AL, Koch KA, Rubino M, Kurian J, Khan M, Tan Y, Mohsin S, Gallucci S, McKinsey TA, Houser SR. Cortical bone stem cells modify cardiac inflammation after myocardial infarction by inducing a novel macrophage phenotype. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H684-H701. [PMID: 34415185 PMCID: PMC8794230 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00304.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute damage to the heart, as in the case of myocardial infarction (MI), triggers a robust inflammatory response to the sterile injury that is part of a complex and highly organized wound-healing process. Cortical bone stem cell (CBSC) therapy after MI has been shown to reduce adverse structural and functional remodeling of the heart after MI in both mouse and swine models. The basis for these CBSC treatment effects on wound healing are unknown. The present experiments show that CBSCs secrete paracrine factors known to have immunomodulatory properties, most notably macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and transforming growth factor-β, but not IL-4. CBSC therapy increased the number of galectin-3+ macrophages, CD4+ T cells, and fibroblasts in the heart while decreasing apoptosis in an in vivo swine model of MI. Macrophages treated with CBSC medium in vitro polarized to a proreparative phenotype are characterized by increased CD206 expression, increased efferocytic ability, increased IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-1RA secretion, and increased mitochondrial respiration. Next generation sequencing revealed a transcriptome significantly different from M2a or M2c macrophage phenotypes. Paracrine factors from CBSC-treated macrophages increased proliferation, decreased α-smooth muscle actin expression, and decreased contraction by fibroblasts in vitro. These data support the idea that CBSCs are modulating the immune response to MI to favor cardiac repair through a unique macrophage polarization that ultimately reduces cell death and alters fibroblast populations that may result in smaller scar size and preserved cardiac geometry and function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cortical bone stem cell (CBSC) therapy after myocardial infarction alters the inflammatory response to cardiac injury. We found that cortical bone stem cell therapy induces a unique macrophage phenotype in vitro and can modulate macrophage/fibroblast cross talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R H Hobby
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Remus M Berretta
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Deborah M Eaton
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hajime Kubo
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric Feldsott
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yijun Yang
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alaina L Headrick
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Keith A Koch
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Marcello Rubino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Justin Kurian
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yinfei Tan
- Genomic Facility, Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stefania Gallucci
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Steven R Houser
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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25
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Flores-Vergara R, Olmedo I, Aránguiz P, Riquelme JA, Vivar R, Pedrozo Z. Communication Between Cardiomyocytes and Fibroblasts During Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion and Remodeling: Roles of TGF-β, CTGF, the Renin Angiotensin Axis, and Non-coding RNA Molecules. Front Physiol 2021; 12:716721. [PMID: 34539441 PMCID: PMC8446518 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.716721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between cells is a foundational concept for understanding the physiology and pathology of biological systems. Paracrine/autocrine signaling, direct cell-to-cell interplay, and extracellular matrix interactions are three types of cell communication that regulate responses to different stimuli. In the heart, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells interact to form the cardiac tissue. Under pathological conditions, such as myocardial infarction, humoral factors released by these cells may induce tissue damage or protection, depending on the type and concentration of molecules secreted. Cardiac remodeling is also mediated by the factors secreted by cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts that are involved in the extensive reciprocal interactions between these cells. Identifying the molecules and cellular signal pathways implicated in these processes will be crucial for creating effective tissue-preserving treatments during or after reperfusion. Numerous therapies to protect cardiac tissue from reperfusion-induced injury have been explored, and ample pre-clinical research has attempted to identify drugs or techniques to mitigate cardiac damage. However, despite great success in animal models, it has not been possible to completely translate these cardioprotective effects to human applications. This review provides a current summary of the principal molecules, pathways, and mechanisms underlying cardiomyocyte and cardiac fibroblast crosstalk during ischemia/reperfusion injury. We also discuss pre-clinical molecules proposed as treatments for myocardial infarction and provide a clinical perspective on these potential therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Flores-Vergara
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.,Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Ivonne Olmedo
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.,Red para el Estudio de Enfermedades Cardiopulmonares de alta letalidad (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Pablo Aránguiz
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Jaime Andrés Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.,Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Raúl Vivar
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Zully Pedrozo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.,Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.,Red para el Estudio de Enfermedades Cardiopulmonares de alta letalidad (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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26
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Schlecht A, Vallon M, Wagner N, Ergün S, Braunger BM. TGFβ-Neurotrophin Interactions in Heart, Retina, and Brain. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091360. [PMID: 34572573 PMCID: PMC8464756 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic insults to the heart and brain, i.e., myocardial and cerebral infarction, respectively, are amongst the leading causes of death worldwide. While there are therapeutic options to allow reperfusion of ischemic myocardial and brain tissue by reopening obstructed vessels, mitigating primary tissue damage, post-infarction inflammation and tissue remodeling can lead to secondary tissue damage. Similarly, ischemia in retinal tissue is the driving force in the progression of neovascular eye diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which eventually lead to functional blindness, if left untreated. Intriguingly, the easily observable retinal blood vessels can be used as a window to the heart and brain to allow judgement of microvascular damages in diseases such as diabetes or hypertension. The complex neuronal and endocrine interactions between heart, retina and brain have also been appreciated in myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and retinal diseases. To describe the intimate relationship between the individual tissues, we use the terms heart-brain and brain-retina axis in this review and focus on the role of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and neurotrophins in regulation of these axes under physiologic and pathologic conditions. Moreover, we particularly discuss their roles in inflammation and repair following ischemic/neovascular insults. As there is evidence that TGFβ signaling has the potential to regulate expression of neurotrophins, it is tempting to speculate, and is discussed here, that cross-talk between TGFβ and neurotrophin signaling protects cells from harmful and/or damaging events in the heart, retina, and brain.
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27
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Valizadeh A, Asghari S, Mansouri P, Alemi F, Majidinia M, Mahmoodpoor A, Yousefi B. The roles of signaling pathways in cardiac regeneration. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2142-2166. [PMID: 34521319 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210914115411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, knowledge of cardiac regeneration mechanisms has dramatically expanded. Regeneration can replace lost parts of organs, common among animal species. The heart is commonly considered an organ with terminal development, which has no reparability potential during post-natal life; however, some intrinsic regeneration capacity has been reported for cardiac muscle, which opens novel avenues in cardiovascular disease treatment. Different endogenous mechanisms were studied for cardiac repairing and regeneration in recent decades. Survival, proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis, cell-cell communication, cardiomyogenesis, and anti-aging pathways are the most important mechanisms that have been studied in this regard. Several in vitro and animal model studies focused on proliferation induction for cardiac regeneration reported promising results. These studies have mainly focused on promoting proliferation signaling pathways and demonstrated various signaling pathways such as Wnt, PI3K/Akt, IGF-1, TGF-β, Hippo, and VEGF signaling cardiac regeneration. Therefore, in this review, we intended to discuss the connection between different critical signaling pathways in cardiac repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Valizadeh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Samira Asghari
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Parinaz Mansouri
- Students Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Forough Alemi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia. Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
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28
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Wang S, Li L, Deng W, Jiang M. CircRNA MFACR Is Upregulated in Myocardial Infarction and Downregulates miR-125b to Promote Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis Induced by Hypoxia. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:802-808. [PMID: 34524260 PMCID: PMC8647700 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Circular RNA (circRNA) MFACR promotes cardiomyocyte death that leads to myocardial infarction (MI). This study aimed to explore the role of MFACR in MI. T-qPCRs were performed to measure the expression levels of MFACR and miR-125b in plasma samples from both MI patients (n = 61) and healthy controls (n = 61). MFACR or miR-125b was overexpressed in AC16 cells (cardiomyocytes) to explore the interaction between them. Methylation of miR-125b gene in cells with the overexpression of MFACR was detected by methylation-specific PCR. Cell apoptosis after transfections was detected by cell apoptosis assay. MI model was constructed to further demonstrate the effect of MFACR in vivo. We found that MFACR was upregulated in MI and inversely correlated with miR-125b. In AC16 cells, hypoxia treatment increased the expression levels of MFACR and decreased the expression levels of miR-125b. In AC16 cells, overexpression of MFACR decreased the expression levels of miR-125b and increased the methylation of miR-125b gene. Under hypoxia treatment, overexpression of MFACR increased AC16 cell apoptosis, and overexpression of miR-125b decreased cell apoptosis. In addition, overexpression of miR-125b reversed the effects of overexpression of MFACR on cell apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Third People's Hospital, Baoji City, Shanxi Province, 721000, P.R. China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Third People's Hospital, Baoji City, Shanxi Province, 721000, P.R. China
| | - Weijie Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Third People's Hospital, Baoji City, Shanxi Province, 721000, P.R. China
| | - Minhua Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Third People's Hospital, Baoji City, Shanxi Province, 721000, P.R. China
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29
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Abstract
Conduction disorders and arrhythmias remain difficult to treat and are increasingly prevalent owing to the increasing age and body mass of the general population, because both are risk factors for arrhythmia. Many of the underlying conditions that give rise to arrhythmia - including atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmia, which frequently occur in patients with acute myocardial ischaemia or heart failure - can have an inflammatory component. In the past, inflammation was viewed mostly as an epiphenomenon associated with arrhythmia; however, the recently discovered inflammatory and non-canonical functions of cardiac immune cells indicate that leukocytes can be arrhythmogenic either by altering tissue composition or by interacting with cardiomyocytes; for example, by changing their phenotype or perhaps even by directly interfering with conduction. In this Review, we discuss the electrophysiological properties of leukocytes and how these cells relate to conduction in the heart. Given the thematic parallels, we also summarize the interactions between immune cells and neural systems that influence information transfer, extrapolating findings from the field of neuroscience to the heart and defining common themes. We aim to bridge the knowledge gap between electrophysiology and immunology, to promote conceptual connections between these two fields and to explore promising opportunities for future research.
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30
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Müller II, Schneider M, Müller KAL, Lunov O, Borst O, Simmet T, Gawaz M. Protective role of Gremlin-1 in myocardial function. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13539. [PMID: 33729579 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gremlin-1 is a cystine knot protein and is expressed in organs developing fibrosis. Transient ischaemia leads to myocardial fibrosis, a major determinant of impaired myocardial function. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression of Gremlin-1 was investigated in infarcted myocardium by real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, histological and immunohistochemistry staining. We further elaborated the colocalization of Gremlin-1 and TGF-β proteins by confocal microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. The interaction between Gremlin-1 and TGF-β was analysed by photon correlation spectroscopy. Gremlin-1 modulation of the TGF-β-dependent collagen I synthesis in fibroblasts was investigated using ELISA and immunohistochemistry experiments. The effect of prolonged administration of recombinant Gremlin-1 on myocardial function following ischaemia/reperfusion was accessed by echocardiography and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Gremlin-1 is expressed in myocardial tissue and infiltrating cells after transient myocardial ischaemia (P < .05). Gremlin-1 colocalizes with the pro-fibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) expressed in fibroblasts and inflammatory cell infiltrates (P < .05). Gremlin-1 reduces TGF-β-induced collagen production of myocardial fibroblasts by approximately 20% (P < .05). We found that Gremlin-1 binds with high affinity to TGF-β (KD = 54 nmol/L) as evidenced by photon correlation spectroscopy and co-immunoprecipitation. intravenous administration of m Gremlin-1-Fc, but not of equivalent amount of Fc control, significantly reduced infarct size by approximately 20%. In the m Gremlin-1-Fc group, infarct area was reduced by up to 30% in comparison with mice treated with Fc control (I/LV: 4.8 ± 1.2% vs 6.0 ± 1.2% P < .05; I/AaR: 15.2 ± 1.5% vs 21.1 ± 5%, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The present data disclose Gremlin-1 as an antagonist of TGF-β and presume a role for Gremlin-1/TGF-β interaction in myocardial remodelling following myocardial ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris I Müller
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martina Schneider
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Karin A L Müller
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Oleg Lunov
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products & Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Oliver Borst
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Simmet
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products & Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Ali Pour P, Hosseinian S, Kheradvar A. Mitochondrial transplantation in cardiomyocytes: foundation, methods, and outcomes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C489-C503. [PMID: 34191626 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00152.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial transplantation is emerging as a novel cellular biotherapy to alleviate mitochondrial damage and dysfunction. Mitochondria play a crucial role in establishing cellular homeostasis and providing cell with the energy necessary to accomplish its function. Owing to its endosymbiotic origin, mitochondria share many features with their bacterial ancestors. Unlike the nuclear DNA, which is packaged into nucleosomes and protected from adverse environmental effects, mitochondrial DNA are more prone to harsh environmental effects, in particular that of the reactive oxygen species. Mitochondrial damage and dysfunction are implicated in many diseases ranging from metabolic diseases to cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, among others. While it was once thought that transplantation of mitochondria would not be possible due to their semiautonomous nature and reliance on the nucleus, recent advances have shown that it is possible to transplant viable functional intact mitochondria from autologous, allogenic, and xenogeneic sources into different cell types. Moreover, current research suggests that the transplantation could positively modulate bioenergetics and improve disease outcome. Mitochondrial transplantation techniques and consequences of transplantation in cardiomyocytes are the theme of this review. We outline the different mitochondrial isolation and transfer techniques. Finally, we detail the consequences of mitochondrial transplantation in the cardiovascular system, more specifically in the context of cardiomyopathies and ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paria Ali Pour
- Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, Irvine, California.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Sina Hosseinian
- Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, Irvine, California.,School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Arash Kheradvar
- Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, Irvine, California.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California.,School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
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The C0-C1f Region of Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein-C Induces Pro-Inflammatory Responses in Fibroblasts via TLR4 Signaling. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061326. [PMID: 34073556 PMCID: PMC8230336 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial injury is associated with inflammation and fibrosis. Cardiac myosin-binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) is cleaved by µ-calpain upon myocardial injury, releasing C0-C1f, an N-terminal peptide of cMyBP-C. Previously, we reported that the presence of C0-C1f is pathogenic within cardiac tissue and is able to activate macrophages. Fibroblasts also play a crucial role in cardiac remodeling arising from ischemic events, as they contribute to both inflammation and scar formation. To understand whether C0-C1f directly modulates fibroblast phenotype, we analyzed the impact of C0-C1f on a human fibroblast cell line in vitro by performing mRNA microarray screening, immunofluorescence staining, and quantitative real-time PCR. The underlying signaling pathways were investigated by KEGG analysis and determined more precisely by targeted inhibition of the potential signaling cascades in vitro. C0-C1f induced pro-inflammatory responses that might delay TGFβ-mediated myofibroblast conversion. TGFβ also counteracted C0-C1f-mediated fibroblast activation. Inhibition of TLR4 or NFκB as well as the delivery of miR-146 significantly reduced C0-C1f-mediated effects. In conclusion, C0-C1f induces inflammatory responses in human fibroblasts that are mediated via TRL4 signaling, which is decreased in the presence of TGFβ. Specific targeting of TLR4 signaling could be an innovative strategy to modulate C0-C1f-mediated inflammation.
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Yamaguchi N, Xiao J, Narke D, Shaheen D, Lin X, Offerman E, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Shekhar A, Choy A, Wass SY, Van Wagoner DR, Chung MK, Park DS. Cardiac Pressure Overload Decreases ETV1 Expression in the Left Atrium, Contributing to Atrial Electrical and Structural Remodeling. Circulation 2021; 143:805-820. [PMID: 33225722 PMCID: PMC8449308 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.048121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated intracardiac pressure attributable to heart failure induces electrical and structural remodeling in the left atrium (LA) that begets atrial myopathy and arrhythmias. The underlying molecular pathways that drive atrial remodeling during cardiac pressure overload are poorly defined. The purpose of this study is to characterize the response of the ETV1 (ETS translocation variant 1) signaling axis in the LA during cardiac pressure overload in humans and mouse models and explore the role of ETV1 in atrial electrical and structural remodeling. METHODS We performed gene expression profiling in 265 left atrial samples from patients who underwent cardiac surgery. Comparative gene expression profiling was performed between 2 murine models of cardiac pressure overload, transverse aortic constriction banding and angiotensin II infusion, and a genetic model of Etv1 cardiomyocyte-selective knockout (Etv1f/fMlc2aCre/+). RESULTS Using the Cleveland Clinic biobank of human LA specimens, we found that ETV1 expression is decreased in patients with reduced ejection fraction. Consistent with its role as an important mediator of the NRG1 (Neuregulin 1) signaling pathway and activator of rapid conduction gene programming, we identified a direct correlation between ETV1 expression level and NRG1, ERBB4, SCN5A, and GJA5 levels in human LA samples. In a similar fashion to patients with heart failure, we showed that left atrial ETV1 expression is downregulated at the RNA and protein levels in murine pressure overload models. Comparative analysis of LA RNA sequencing datasets from transverse aortic constriction and angiotensin II-treated mice showed a high Pearson correlation, reflecting a highly ordered process by which the LA undergoes electrical and structural remodeling. Cardiac pressure overload produced a consistent downregulation of ErbB4, Etv1, Scn5a, and Gja5 and upregulation of profibrotic gene programming, which includes Tgfbr1/2, Igf1, and numerous collagen genes. Etv1f/fMlc2aCre/+ mice displayed atrial conduction disease and arrhythmias. Correspondingly, the LA from Etv1f/fMlc2aCre/+ mice showed downregulation of rapid conduction genes and upregulation of profibrotic gene programming, whereas analysis of a gain-of-function ETV1 RNA sequencing dataset from neonatal rat ventricular myocytes transduced with Etv1 showed reciprocal changes. CONCLUSIONS ETV1 is downregulated in the LA during cardiac pressure overload, contributing to both electrical and structural remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Yamaguchi
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 E 30 Street, Science Building 723, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Junhua Xiao
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 E 30 Street, Science Building 723, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Deven Narke
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 E 30 Street, Science Building 723, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Devin Shaheen
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 E 30 Street, Science Building 723, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Xianming Lin
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 E 30 Street, Science Building 723, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Erik Offerman
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 E 30 Street, Science Building 723, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Alireza Khodadadi-Jamayran
- NYU Applied Bioinformatics Labs, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 227 E 30 Street, TRB-745, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Akshay Shekhar
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Biotechnology, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591 USA
| | - Alex Choy
- Icahn Medical Institute at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sojin Y. Wass
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - David R. Van Wagoner
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Mina K. Chung
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - David S. Park
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 E 30 Street, Science Building 723, New York, New York 10016, USA
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Jiang Y, Li X, Xu H, Gu Y, Shi F, Wang F, Zhang X. Tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factors: interacting protein with forkhead-associated domain inhibition decreases inflammatory cell infiltration and cardiac remodelling after acute myocardial infarction. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2021; 31:85-92. [PMID: 32380527 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Post-AMI cardiac remodelling is closely related to the prognosis of AMI. The excess inflammatory responses could promote cardiac remodelling. Tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-interacting protein with forkhead-associated domain (TIFA) has been identified as a nuclear factor (NF)-κB activator, which plays a key role in the activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway. The goal of this research was to investigate the expression and the underlying mechanism of TIFA in an AMI mouse model. METHODS The AMI mouse model was induced by ligation of the left coronary artery. TIFA and NF-κB knockdown were established by lentivirus transduction. The expression levels of associated proteins were analysed by a western blot or an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Histological characteristics were evaluated by haematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS The TIFA level was elevated in our AMI mouse model. The production of interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α increased markedly in the mice with AMI. TIFA knockdown inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells, production of pro-inflammatory mediators (interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α), NF-κB activation and cardiac remodelling (matrix metallopeptidase 9) post-AMI. In addition, NF-κB knockdown could also alleviate cardiac remodelling after AMI. CONCLUSIONS The preceding results indicated that TIFA inhibition could ameliorate cardiac remodelling after AMI partly through inactivation of NF-κB. This study provides insights into further research of cardiac remodelling and AMI from bench to clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Heart Disease, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hai Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feiya Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiwen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
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Tülay Aydın P, Göz M, Kankılıç N, Aydın MS, Koyuncu İ. Micro-RNA gene expressions during cardiopulmonary bypass. J Card Surg 2021; 36:921-927. [PMID: 33484193 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.15329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiopulmonary bypass (CBP) is the most widely used method in cardiac surgery. During the CPB procedure, studies are conducted to maintain myocardial perfusion adequacy, reduce oxidative stress caused by immune reactions, and understand the longevity of the procedure. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have come to the fore to understand the changes in the CPB. In vivo studies have shown that many different miRNAs regulate critical signaling molecules including cytokines, growth factors, transcription factors, proapoptotic, and antiapoptotic proteins. Our study aims to investigate the changes of miR-34a, miR-15a, and miR-320a gene expression in extracorporeal circulation. METHODS Fifteen patients who underwent elective open-heart surgery were included in the study. Serum plasma samples were taken from the patients preoperatively, at the time of CPB, and at 24 h postoperatively. Gene expression of miR-34a, miR-15a, and miR-320a in plasma samples was studied. Differences in gene expression were compared. RESULTS miR-15a gene expression increased during CPB compared with preoperative levels (p < .001). This increase was decreased after the operation (p < .05). miR-34a gene expression increased significantly during CPB (p < .01). Similar to the other two gene expressions, miR-320a gene expression was significantly increased during CPB (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS miRNAs may play a key role in the initiation and maintenance of pathophysiological cascades during CPB. Our study showed the gene expression of miR-34a, miR-15a, and miR-320a in the CPB process. Our study will be a pioneer among future studies to investigate the molecular pathophysiology of the CPB process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mustafa Göz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical School of Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Nazım Kankılıç
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical School of Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Salih Aydın
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical School of Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - İsmail Koyuncu
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School of Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
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Lithium Reduces Migration and Collagen Synthesis Activity in Human Cardiac Fibroblasts by Inhibiting Store-Operated Ca 2+ Entry. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020842. [PMID: 33467715 PMCID: PMC7830715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Fibroblast activity is enhanced by increases in store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 (Orai1) levels. Lithium regulates SOCE; however, whether therapeutic concentrations of lithium can be used to inhibit cardiac fibrogenesis is unknown. Migration and proliferation assays, Western blotting, real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis, and calcium fluorescence imaging were performed in human cardiac fibroblasts treated with or without LiCl at 1.0 mM (i.e., therapeutic peak level) or 0.1 mM (i.e., therapeutic trough level) for 24 h. Results showed that LiCl (0.1 mM, but not 1.0 mM) inhibited the migration and collagen synthesis ability of cardiac fibroblasts. Additionally, thapsigargin-induced SOCE was reduced in fibroblasts treated with LiCl (0.1 mM). The expression level of Orai1 was lower in LiCl (0.1 mM)-treated fibroblasts relative to the fibroblasts without LiCl treatment. Fibroblasts treated with a combination of LiCl (0.1 mM) and 2-APB (10 μM, an Orai1 inhibitor) demonstrated similar migration and collagen synthesis abilities as those in LiCl (0.1 mM)-treated fibroblasts. Altogether, lithium at therapeutic trough levels reduced the migration and collagen synthesis abilities of human cardiac fibroblasts by inhibiting SOCE and Orai1 expression.
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Aboudounya MM, Heads RJ. COVID-19 and Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4): SARS-CoV-2 May Bind and Activate TLR4 to Increase ACE2 Expression, Facilitating Entry and Causing Hyperinflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:8874339. [PMID: 33505220 PMCID: PMC7811571 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8874339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Causes of mortality from COVID-19 include respiratory failure, heart failure, and sepsis/multiorgan failure. TLR4 is an innate immune receptor on the cell surface that recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) including viral proteins and triggers the production of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines to combat infection. It is expressed on both immune cells and tissue-resident cells. ACE2, the reported entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2, is only present on ~1-2% of the cells in the lungs or has a low pulmonary expression, and recently, the spike protein has been proposed to have the strongest protein-protein interaction with TLR4. Here, we review and connect evidence for SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 having direct and indirect binding to TLR4, together with other viral precedents, which when combined shed light on the COVID-19 pathophysiological puzzle. We propose a model in which the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein binds TLR4 and activates TLR4 signalling to increase cell surface expression of ACE2 facilitating entry. SARS-CoV-2 also destroys the type II alveolar cells that secrete pulmonary surfactants, which normally decrease the air/tissue surface tension and block TLR4 in the lungs thus promoting ARDS and inflammation. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2-induced myocarditis and multiple-organ injury may be due to TLR4 activation, aberrant TLR4 signalling, and hyperinflammation in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, TLR4 contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, and its overactivation causes a prolonged or excessive innate immune response. TLR4 appears to be a promising therapeutic target in COVID-19, and since TLR4 antagonists have been previously trialled in sepsis and in other antiviral contexts, we propose the clinical trial testing of TLR4 antagonists in the treatment of severe COVID-19. Also, ongoing clinical trials of pulmonary surfactants in COVID-19 hold promise since they also block TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Aboudounya
- Department of Cardiology, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Richard J. Heads
- Department of Cardiology, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, UK
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Zhang L, Huang C, Fan S. Mangiferin and organ fibrosis: A mini review. Biofactors 2021; 47:59-68. [PMID: 33217771 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the end stage of many chronic diseases, which results in organ function failure and high mortality. Mangiferin is a major constituent in mango and other 16 plants, and has been shown a variety of pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-tumor, anti-inflammation. The emerging evidence has shown that mangiferin can improve renal interstitial fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, myocardial fibrosis and hepatic fibrosis through the inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrogenesis effects, indicating that mangiferin is promising therapeutic choice for organ fibrosis. The aim of this review is to summarize the therapeutic effects of mangiferin on fibrosis of various organs and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjie Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wang J, Xing H, Qin X, Ren Q, Yang J, Li L. Pharmacological effects and mechanisms of muscone. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 262:113120. [PMID: 32668321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Musk, the dried secretion from the preputial follicles of the male musk deer (genus Moschus), possesses various pharmacological activities and has been used extensively in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Muscone is the main active ingredient of musk and exerts pharmacological effects similar to those of musk. Although muscone was notably used to treat various disorders and diseases, such as neurological disorders, chronic inflammation and ischemia-reperfusion injury, most of the mechanisms of the pharmacological action of muscone remain unclear because of slow progress in research before the 21st century. In recent years, the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of muscone have been clarified. The present article summarizes the pharmacological and biological studies on cerebrovascular disease, cardiovascular disease, neurological effects, cancer and others and the associated mechanisms of the action of muscone to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Health Management Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xing
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Ren
- Health Management Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, People's Republic of China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, People's Republic of China.
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Plasmatic Membrane Expression of Adhesion Molecules in Human Cardiac Progenitor/Stem Cells Might Explain Their Superior Cell Engraftment after Cell Transplantation. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8872009. [PMID: 33101423 PMCID: PMC7569451 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8872009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and cardiac progenitor/stem cells (CPCs) have been extensively studied as a potential therapeutic treatment for myocardial infarction (MI). Previous reports suggest that lower doses of CPCs are needed to improve cardiac function relative to their bone marrow counterparts. Here, we confirmed this observations and investigated the surface protein expression profile that might explain this effect. Myocardial infarction was performed in nude rats by permanent ligation of the left coronary artery. Cardiac function and infarct size before and after cell transplantation were evaluated by echocardiography and morphometry, respectively. The CPC and BM-MSC receptome were analyzed by proteomic analysis of biotin-labeled surface proteins. Rats transplanted with CPCs showed a greater improvement in cardiac function after MI than those transplanted with BM-MSCs, and this was associated with a smaller infarct size. Analysis of the receptome of CPCs and BM-MSCs showed that gene ontology biological processes and KEGG pathways associated with adhesion mechanisms were upregulated in CPCs compared with BM-MSCs. Moreover, the membrane protein interactome in CPCs showed a strong relationship with biological processes related to cell adhesion whereas the BM-MSCs interactome was more related to immune regulation processes. We conclude that the stronger capacity of CPCs over BM-MSCs to engraft in the infarcted area is likely linked to a more pronounced cell adhesion expression program.
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Role of Muscle-Specific Histone Methyltransferase (Smyd1) in Exercise-Induced Cardioprotection against Pathological Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197010. [PMID: 32977624 PMCID: PMC7582695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological remodeling is the main detrimental complication after myocardial infarction (MI). Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in infarcted myocardium may contribute to this process. Adequate exercise training after MI may reduce oxidative stress-induced cardiac tissue damage and remodeling. SET and MYND domain containing 1 (Smyd1) is a muscle-specific histone methyltransferase which is upregulated by resistance training, may strengthen sarcomere assembly and myofiber folding, and may promote skeletal muscles growth and hypertrophy. However, it remains elusive if Smyd1 has similar functions in post-MI cardiac muscle and participates in exercise-induced cardioprotection. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of interval treadmill exercise on cardiac function, ROS generation, Smyd1 expression, and sarcomere assembly of F-actin in normal and infarcted hearts. Adult male rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10/group): control (C), exercise alone (EX), sham-operated (S), MI induced by permanent ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery (MI), and MI with interval exercise training (MI + EX). Exercise training significantly improved post-MI cardiac function and sarcomere assembly of F-actin. The cardioprotective effects were associated with increased Smyd1, Trx1, cTnI, and α-actinin expression as well as upregulated ratio of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/AMPK, whereas Hsp90, MuRF1, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) expression, ROS generation, and myocardial fibrosis were attenuated. The improved post-MI cardiac function was associated with increased Smyd1 expression. In cultured H9C2 cardiomyoblasts, in vitro treatment with H2O2 (50 µmol/L) or AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist (AICAR, 1 mmol/L) or their combination for 4 h simulated the effects of exercise on levels of ROS and Smyd1. In conclusion, we demonstrated a novel role of Smyd1 in association with post-MI exercise-induced cardioprotection. The moderate level of ROS-induced upregulation of Smyd1 may be an important target for modulating post-MI cardiac function and remodeling.
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Selvakumar D, Clayton ZE, Chong JJH. Robust Cardiac Regeneration: Fulfilling the Promise of Cardiac Cell Therapy. Clin Ther 2020; 42:1857-1879. [PMID: 32943195 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We review the history of cardiac cell therapy, highlighting lessons learned from initial adult stem cell (ASC) clinical trials. We present pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) as a leading candidate for robust regeneration of infarcted myocardium but identify several issues that must be addressed before successful clinical translation. METHODS We conducted an unstructured literature review of PubMed-listed articles, selecting the most comprehensive and relevant research articles, review articles, clinical trials, and basic or translation articles in the field of cardiac cell therapy. Articles were identified using the search terms adult stem cells, pluripotent stem cells, cardiac stem cell, and cardiac regeneration or from references of relevant articles, Articles were prioritized and selected based on their impact, originality, or potential clinical applicability. FINDINGS Since its inception, the ASC therapy field has been troubled by conflicting preclinical data, academic controversies, and inconsistent trial designs. These issues have damaged perceptions of cardiac cell therapy among investors, the academic community, health care professionals, and, importantly, patients. In hindsight, the key issue underpinning these problems was the inability of these cell types to differentiate directly into genuine cardiomyocytes, rendering them unable to replace damaged myocardium. Despite this, beneficial effects through indirect paracrine or immunomodulatory effects remain possible and continue to be investigated. However, in preclinical models, PSC-CMs have robustly remuscularized infarcted myocardium with functional, force-generating cardiomyocytes. Hence, PSC-CMs have now emerged as a leading candidate for cardiac regeneration, and unpublished reports of first-in-human delivery of these cells have recently surfaced. However, the cardiac cell therapy field's history should serve as a cautionary tale, and we identify several translational hurdles that still remain. Preclinical solutions to issues such as arrhythmogenicity, immunogenicity, and poor engraftment rates are needed, and next-generation clinical trials must draw on robust knowledge of mechanistic principles of the therapy. IMPLICATIONS The clinical transplantation of functional stem cell-derived heart tissue with seamless integration into native myocardium is a lofty goal. However, considerable advances have been made during the past 2 decades. Currently, PSC-CMs appear to be the best prospect to reach this goal, but several hurdles remain. The history of adult stem cell trials has taught us that shortcuts cannot be taken without dire consequences, and it is essential that progress not be hurried and that a worldwide, cross-disciplinary approach be used to ensure safe and effective clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Selvakumar
- Centre for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zoe E Clayton
- Centre for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James J H Chong
- Centre for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
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Lu S, Yu L, Liu H. Trimetazidine alleviates hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in neonatal mice cardiomyocytes via up-regulating HMGB1 expression to promote autophagy. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 41:170-179. [PMID: 32757698 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1800736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated the effect of Trimetazidine (TMZ) on alleviating cardiomyocytes Hypoxia/Reoxygenation (H/R) injuries and the protective effect of autophagy on Ischemia-Reperfusion (I/R) cell injuries. However, whether the protection mechanism of TMZ was also involved in autophagy remained unclear. Our study introduces the role of HMGB1 to examine the regulation of TMZ on autophagy against cardiomyocytes H/R injuries. After cell extraction and identification through anti-α-actin staining, the cardiomyocytes were made hypoxic and reoxygenated, each for 3 h, and then treated with various concentrations of TMZ and transfected with siHMGB1. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by the MTS method and flow cytometry, respectively. The expressions of autophagy-related factors (LC3-I, LC3-II, Beclin-1) and HMGB1 were detected by Western blot and qPCR. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was assessed by ELISA kit. The cardiomyocytes were extracted. H/R decreased the cell viability and increased the LDH level and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. TMZ had no effect on untreated cardiomyocytes, but it reversed the adverse impact of H/R on cardiomyocytes. The expressions of LC3-II, Beclin-1, and HMGB1 and the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I were increased in H/R-processed cardiomyocytes and further raised by TMZ pretreatment. However, siHMGB1 transfection aggravated the impact of H/R on cardiomyocytes and suppressed the protective effects of TMZ on H/R damaged cardiomyocytes by increasing the LDH level and apoptosis and reducing the viability of cardiomyocytes. Autophagy was inhibited by siHMGB1 in TMZ-pretreated and H/R-processed cardiomyocytes. TMZ protected cardiomyocytes against H/R injuries may through regulating HMGB1 to increase the impact of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lifei Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Qiliqiangxin reduced cardiomyocytes apotosis and improved heart function in infarcted heart through Pink1/Parkin -mediated mitochondrial autophagy. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:203. [PMID: 32615967 PMCID: PMC7330946 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Qiliqiangxin (QLQX) is a preparation refined from a traditional Chinese medicine compound. It plays an important role in protecting cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI). However, the underline mechanism of QLQX action is not clear. The purpose of this study was to detect the effects of QLQX on mitophagy after MI. Methods Male FVB/NJ mice aged 8–10 weeks were underwent left coronary artery ligation and were orally administered either QLQX (0.25 g/kg/d) or saline. Twenty-eight days after surgical operation, the cardiac function of mice was detected by echocardiography. Electron Microscopy was used to observe the microstructure of cardiomyocytes. Myocardial apoptosis was examined by TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) and western blot. H9c2 cells were cultured in a hypoxic incubator chamber (5% CO2, 1% O2, 94% N2) for 12 h and pretreated with or without QLQX (0.5 mg/mL). The cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential and mitophagy were detected. Results When compared to sham group, the cardiac function of MI mice decreased significantly, and their cardiomyocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial damage were more serious. These MI-induced cardiac changes could be reversed by QLQX treatment. In vitro experiments also confirmed that QLQX could protect cardiomyocytes from hypoxia-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial damage. Further study indicated that QLQX could increase the expression of Pink1 and Parkin in cardiomyocytes. Conclusion Qiliqiangxin could reduce cardiomyocytes apotosis and improved heart function in infarcted heart through Pink1-mediated mitochondrial autophagy.
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Luhong Formula Has a Cardioprotective Effect on Left Ventricular Remodeling in Pressure-Overloaded Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4095967. [PMID: 32565857 PMCID: PMC7277070 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4095967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Luhong formula (LHF)-a traditional Chinese medicine containing Cervus nippon Temminck, Carthamus tinctorius L., Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao, Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf., Cinnamomum cassia Presl, and Lepidium apetalum Willd-is used in the treatment of heart failure, but little is known about its mechanism of action. We have investigated the effects of LHF on antifibrosis. Methods Forty-eight SD male rats were randomly assigned into six groups (n = 8), model group, sham-operation group, perindopril group (0.036 mg/ml), LHF high doses (LHF-H, 1.44 g/mL), LHF middle doses (LHF-M, 0.72 g/mL), and LHF low doses (LHF-L, 0.36 g/mL). Except the sham-operation group, the other groups were received an abdominal aorta constriction to establish a model of myocardial hypertrophy. The HW and LVW were measured to calculate the LVW/BW and HW/BW. ELISA was used to detect the serum concentration of BNP. The expressions of eNOS, TGF-β1, caspase-3, VEGF, and VEGFR2 in heart tissues were assessed by western blot analysis. mRNA expressions of eNOS, Col1a1, Col3a1, TGF-β1, VEGF, and VEGFR2 in heart tissues were measured by RT-PCR. The specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and picrosirius red staining for observing the morphological characteristics and collagen fibers I and III of the myocardium under a light microscope. Results LHF significantly lowered the rat's HW/BW and LVM/BW, and the level of BNP in the LHF-treated group compared with the model group. Histopathological and pathomorphological changes of collagen fibers I and III showed that LHF inhibited myocardial fibrosis in heart failure rats. Treatment with LHF upregulated eNOS expression in heart tissue and downregulated Col1a1, Col3a1, TGF-β1, caspase-3, VEGF, and VEGFR2 expression. Conclusion LHF can improve left ventricular remodeling in a pressure-overloaded heart failure rat model; this cardiac protective ability may be due to cardiac fibrosis and attenuated apoptosis. Upregulated eNOS expression and downregulated Col1a1, Col3a1, TGF-β1, caspase-3, VEGF, and VEGFR2 expression may play a role in the observed LHF cardioprotective effect.
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Mubagwa K. Cardiac effects and toxicity of chloroquine: a short update. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 56:106057. [PMID: 32565195 PMCID: PMC7303034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is currently increased interest in the use of the antimalarial drugs chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of other diseases, including cancer and viral infections such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the risk of cardiotoxic effects tends to limit their use. In this review, the effects of these drugs on the electrical and mechanical activities of the heart as well as on remodelling of cardiac tissue are presented and the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are discussed. The drugs can have proarrhythmic as well as antiarrhythmic actions resulting from their inhibition of ion channels, including voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channels, background and voltage-dependent K+ channels, and pacemaker channels. The drugs also exert a vagolytic effect due at least in part to a muscarinic receptor antagonist action. They also interfere with normal autophagy flux, an effect that could aggravate ischaemia/reperfusion injury or post-infarct remodelling. Most of the toxic effects occur at high concentrations, following prolonged drug administration or in the context of drug associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanigula Mubagwa
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, DR Congo.
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Fan C, Oduk Y, Zhao M, Lou X, Tang Y, Pretorius D, Valarmathi MT, Walcott GP, Yang J, Menasche P, Krishnamurthy P, Zhu W, Zhang J. Myocardial protection by nanomaterials formulated with CHIR99021 and FGF1. JCI Insight 2020; 5:132796. [PMID: 32453715 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.132796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mortality of patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction is linearly related to the infarct size. As regeneration of cardiomyocytes from cardiac progenitor cells is minimal in the mammalian adult heart, we have explored a new therapeutic approach, which leverages the capacity of nanomaterials to release chemicals over time to promote myocardial protection and infarct size reduction. Initial screening identified 2 chemicals, FGF1 and CHIR99021 (a Wnt1 agonist/GSK-3β antagonist), which synergistically enhance cardiomyocyte cell cycle in vitro. Poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles (NPs) formulated with CHIR99021 and FGF1 (CHIR + FGF1-NPs) provided an effective slow-release system for up to 4 weeks. Intramyocardial injection of CHIR + FGF1-NPs enabled myocardial protection via reducing infarct size by 20%-30% in mouse or pig models of postinfarction left ventricular (LV) remodeling. This LV structural improvement was accompanied by preservation of cardiac contractile function. Further investigation revealed that CHIR + FGF1-NPs resulted in a reduction of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and increase of angiogenesis. Thus, using a combination of chemicals and an NP-based prolonged-release system that works synergistically, this study demonstrates a potentially novel therapy for LV infarct size reduction in hearts with acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, and School of Engineering, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yasin Oduk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, and School of Engineering, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, and School of Engineering, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Xi Lou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, and School of Engineering, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yawen Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, and School of Engineering, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Danielle Pretorius
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, and School of Engineering, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mani T Valarmathi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, and School of Engineering, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Gregory P Walcott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, and School of Engineering, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jinfu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Philippe Menasche
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, and School of Engineering, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, and School of Engineering, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Wuqiang Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, and School of Engineering, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, and School of Engineering, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Yousefi F, Shabaninejad Z, Vakili S, Derakhshan M, Movahedpour A, Dabiri H, Ghasemi Y, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Nikoozadeh A, Savardashtaki A, Mirzaei H, Hamblin MR. TGF-β and WNT signaling pathways in cardiac fibrosis: non-coding RNAs come into focus. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:87. [PMID: 32517807 PMCID: PMC7281690 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis describes the inappropriate proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), leading to accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the cardiac muscle, which is found in many pathophysiological heart conditions. A range of molecular components and cellular pathways, have been implicated in its pathogenesis. In this review, we focus on the TGF-β and WNT signaling pathways, and their mutual interaction, which have emerged as important factors involved in cardiac pathophysiology. The molecular and cellular processes involved in the initiation and progression of cardiac fibrosis are summarized. We focus on TGF-β and WNT signaling in cardiac fibrosis, ECM production, and myofibroblast transformation. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are one of the main players in the regulation of multiple pathways and cellular processes. MicroRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular long non-coding RNAs can all interact with the TGF-β/WNT signaling axis to affect cardiac fibrosis. A better understanding of these processes may lead to new approaches for diagnosis and treatment of many cardiac conditions. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yousefi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Shabaninejad
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sina Vakili
- Biochemistry Department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Derakhshan
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Student research committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Dabiri
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cell and Development Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azin Nikoozadeh
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine,Mashhad Univesity of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. .,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
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Cassaglia P, Penas F, Betazza C, Fontana Estevez F, Miksztowicz V, Martínez Naya N, Llamosas MC, Noli Truant S, Wilensky L, Volberg V, Cevey ÁC, Touceda V, Cicale E, Berg G, Fernández M, Goren N, Morales C, González GE. Genetic Deletion of Galectin-3 Alters the Temporal Evolution of Macrophage Infiltration and Healing Affecting the Cardiac Remodeling and Function after Myocardial Infarction in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1789-1800. [PMID: 32473918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We studied the role of galectin-3 (Gal-3) in the expression of alternative activation markers (M2) on macrophage, cytokines, and fibrosis through the temporal evolution of healing, ventricular remodeling, and function after myocardial infarction (MI). C57BL/6J and Gal-3 knockout mice (Lgals3-/-) were subjected to permanent coronary ligation or sham. We studied i) mortality, ii) macrophage infiltration and expression of markers of alternative activation, iii) cytokine, iv) matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity, v) fibrosis, and vi) cardiac function and remodeling. At 1 week post-MI, lack of Gal-3 markedly attenuated F4/80+ macrophage infiltration and significantly increased the expression of Mrc1 and Chil1, markers of M2 macrophages at the MI zone. Levels of IL-10, IL-6, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 were significantly increased, whereas tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β, and fibrosis were remarkably attenuated at the infarct zone. In Gal-3 knockout mice, scar thinning ratio, expansion, and cardiac remodeling and function were severely affected from the onset of MI. At 4 weeks post-MI, the natural evolution of fibrosis in Gal-3 knockout mice was also affected. Our results suggest that Gal-3 is essential for wound healing because it regulates the dynamics of macrophage infiltration, proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression, and fibrosis along the temporal evolution of MI in mice. The deficit of Gal-3 affected the dynamics of wound healing, thus aggravating the evolution of remodeling and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Cassaglia
- Facultad de Medicina-CONICET, Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Penas
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celeste Betazza
- Facultad de Medicina-CONICET, Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensi Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Fontana Estevez
- Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensi Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Miksztowicz
- Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensi Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica-INFIBIOC, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadia Martínez Naya
- Facultad de Medicina-CONICET, Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Clara Llamosas
- Facultad de Medicina-CONICET, Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía Noli Truant
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica-CONICET, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Wilensky
- Facultad de Medicina-CONICET, Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Volberg
- Facultad de Medicina-CONICET, Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ágata C Cevey
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanessa Touceda
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica-INFIBIOC, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana Cicale
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Berg
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica-INFIBIOC, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa Fernández
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica-CONICET, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora Goren
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celina Morales
- Facultad de Medicina-CONICET, Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Germán E González
- Facultad de Medicina-CONICET, Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensi Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Koushki K, Shahbaz SK, Mashayekhi K, Sadeghi M, Zayeri ZD, Taba MY, Banach M, Al-Rasadi K, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Anti-inflammatory Action of Statins in Cardiovascular Disease: the Role of Inflammasome and Toll-Like Receptor Pathways. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 60:175-199. [PMID: 32378144 PMCID: PMC7985098 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-020-08791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one type of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in which activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways is implicated. One of the most effective treatments for atherosclerosis is the use of statin medications. Recent studies have indicated that statins, in addition to their lipid-lowering effects, exert inhibitory and/or stimulatory effects on the NLRP3 inflammasome and TLRs. Some of the statins lead to activation of the inflammasome and subsequently cause secretion of IL-1β and IL-18. Thus, these actions may further aggravate the disease. On the other hand, some statins cause inhibition of the inflammasome or TLRs and along with lipid-lowering, help to improve the disease by reducing inflammation. In this article, we discuss these contradictory studies and the mechanisms of action of statins on the NLRP3 inflammasome and TLR pathways. The dose-dependent effects of statins on the NLRP3 complex are related to their chemistry, pharmacokinetic properties, and danger signals. Lipophilic statins have more pleiotropic effects on the NLRP3 complex in comparison to hydrophilic statins. Statins can suppress TLR4/MyD88/NF-ĸB signaling and cause an immune response shift to an anti-inflammatory response. Furthermore, statins inhibit the NF-ĸB pathway by decreasing the expression of TLRs 2 and 4. Statins are cost-effective drugs, which should have a continued future in the treatment of atherosclerosis due to both their immune-modulating and lipid-lowering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Koushki
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sanaz Keshavarz Shahbaz
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kazem Mashayekhi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahvash Sadeghi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zeinab Deris Zayeri
- Golestan Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Khalid Al-Rasadi
- Medical Research Centre, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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