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Zhang Y, Ma XZ, Zhao XY, Li JJ, Ma S, Pang ZD, Xu J, Du XJ, Deng XL, Wang JH. AGEs-RAGE-KCa3.1 pathway mediates palmitic acid-induced migration of PBMCs from patients with type 2 diabetes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14823. [PMID: 37025887 PMCID: PMC10070889 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. Tissue infiltration by monocyte migration contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular complications in T2DM. We studied the role of intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa3.1) channels in the palmitic acid (PA)-induced migration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from T2DM patients and the influence of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). A total of 49 T2DM patients and 33 healthy subjects was recruited into this study. Using flow cytometry and Western blotting analysis as well as cell migration assay, we found that there was a significant decrease in frequency of T lymphocytes and monocytes in CD45+ leukocyte population. PA at 100 μM stimulated migration of PBMCs from T2DM individuals, which was inhibited by the specific KCa3.1 channel blocker TRAM-34 (1 μM). The PBMC migration was positively correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin A1 chain (HbA1c) level of T2DM patients, an indicator of AGEs, and PBMCs with higher level of HbA1c showed upregulated expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/4 and KCa3.1 channels. In THP-1 cells, AGEs at 200 μg/ml increased protein expression of TLR 2/4 and KCa3.1 channels, and were synergistically involved in PA-induced migration through receptors of AGEs (RAGE)-mediated KCa3.1 upregulation. In conclusion, in PBMCs of T2DM patients, AGEs promotes PA-induced migration via upregulation of TLR2/4 and KCa3.1 channels.
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Soret B, Hense J, Lüdtke S, Thale I, Schwab A, Düfer M. Pancreatic K Ca3.1 channels in health and disease. Biol Chem 2023; 404:339-353. [PMID: 36571487 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels play an important role for regulation of the exocrine and the endocrine pancreas. This review focuses on the Ca2+-regulated K+ channel KCa3.1, encoded by the KCNN4 gene, which is present in both parts of the pancreas. In the islets of Langerhans, KCa3.1 channels are involved in the regulation of membrane potential oscillations characterizing nutrient-stimulated islet activity. Channel upregulation is induced by gluco- or lipotoxic conditions and might contribute to micro-inflammation and impaired insulin release in type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as to diabetes-associated renal and vascular complications. In the exocrine pancreas KCa3.1 channels are expressed in acinar and ductal cells. They are thought to play a role for anion secretion during digestion but their physiological role has not been fully elucidated yet. Pancreatic carcinoma, especially pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is associated with drastic overexpression of KCa3.1. For pharmacological targeting of KCa3.1 channels, we are discussing the possible benefits KCa3.1 channel inhibitors might provide in the context of diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer, respectively. We are also giving a perspective for the use of a fluorescently labeled derivative of the KCa3.1 blocker senicapoc as a tool to monitor channel distribution in pancreatic tissue. In summary, modulating KCa3.1 channel activity is a useful strategy for exo-and endocrine pancreatic disease but further studies are needed to evaluate its clinical suitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Soret
- University of Münster, Institute of Physiology II, Robert-Koch-Straße 27b, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jurek Hense
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Simon Lüdtke
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Insa Thale
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- University of Münster, Institute of Physiology II, Robert-Koch-Straße 27b, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martina Düfer
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Wang Y, Lei L, Su Q, Qin S, Zhong J, Ni Y, Yang J. Resveratrol Inhibits Insulin-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration by Activating SIRT1. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:8537881. [PMID: 36479179 PMCID: PMC9722291 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8537881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are essential for the development of hypertension. Insulin has been identified to promote VSMC proliferation and migration; resveratrol has been shown to have protective effects against cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of resveratrol on insulin-induced VSMC proliferation and migration and its potential mechanism. VSMC proliferation was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), cell counting method, and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay. Cell migration was detected by wound healing assay and transwell method. Expression of silent information regulator of transcription 1 (SIRT1) and phosphorylation levels of signaling molecules, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt), in VSMCs were detected by Western blotting. Resveratrol (25-150 μM) was found to inhibit insulin-induced VSMC proliferation. Pretreatment with 100 μM resveratrol reduced insulin (100 nM)-mediated VSMC migration. LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K, inhibited the stimulatory effect of insulin (100 nM) on the proliferation of VSMCs. Treatment with resveratrol also decreased insulin-induced stimulatory effect on PI3K and Akt phosphorylation levels. Moreover, resveratrol treatment increased SIRT1 protein expression in VSMCs. A SIRT1 inhibitor, EX527, reversed the inhibitory effect of resveratrol on insulin-induced VSMC proliferation and migration and activation of PI3K and Akt phosphorylation levels. In conclusion, our study revealed that treatment with resveratrol inhibited insulin-mediated VSMC proliferation and migration, possibly by activating SIRT1 and downregulating the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Lifu Lei
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Qian Su
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Si Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Jian Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Yinxing Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
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Duan H, Feng X, Huang X. Effects of insulin on the proliferation and global gene expression profile of A7r5 cells. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1205-1215. [PMID: 33555531 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Insulin contributes to atherosclerosis, but the potential mechanisms are kept unclear. In this study, insulin promoted proliferation of A7r5 cells. Microarray analysis indicated that insulin significantly changed 812 probe sets of genes, including 405 upregulated and 407 downregulated ones (fold change ≥ 1.5 or ≤ - 1.5; p < 0.05). Gene ontology analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were involved in a number of processes, including the regulation of cell proliferation/migration/cycle, apoptotic process, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity, lipid metabolic process and extracellular matrix organization. Moreover, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis indicated that the genes were involved in biosynthesis of amino acids, fatty acid metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, metabolic pathways, regulation of autophagy, cell cycle and apoptosis, as well as the PI3K-Akt, MAPK, mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways. Additionally, insulin enhanced phosphorylation of MAPK kinase 1/2 and Akt, suggesting activation of the MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Inhibition of ERK1/2 reduced insulin-induced proliferation. This study revealed the proliferative effects of insulin and displayed global gene expression profile of A7r5 cells stimulated by insulin, suggesting new insight into the molecular pathogenesis of insulin promoting atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Duan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.,Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Xiaotao Feng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China. .,Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530023, China
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She G, Ren YJ, Wang Y, Hou MC, Wang HF, Gou W, Lai BC, Lei T, Du XJ, Deng XL. K Ca3.1 Channels Promote Cardiac Fibrosis Through Mediating Inflammation and Differentiation of Monocytes Into Myofibroblasts in Angiotensin II -Treated Rats. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e010418. [PMID: 30563389 PMCID: PMC6405723 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Cardiac fibrosis is a core pathological process associated with heart failure. The recruitment and differentiation of primitive fibroblast precursor cells of bone marrow origin play a critical role in pathological interstitial cardiac fibrosis. The KC a3.1 channels are expressed in both ventricular fibroblasts and circulating mononuclear cells in rats and are upregulated by angiotensin II . We hypothesized that KC a3.1 channels mediate the inflammatory microenvironment in the heart, promoting the infiltrated bone marrow-derived circulating mononuclear cells to differentiate into myofibroblasts, leading to myocardial fibrosis. Methods and Results We established a cardiac fibrosis model in rats by infusing angiotensin II to evaluate the impact of the specific KC a3.1 channel blocker TRAM -34 on cardiac fibrosis. At the same time, mouse CD 4+ T cells and rat circulating mononuclear cells were separated to investigate the underlying mechanism of the TRAM -34 anti-cardiac fibrosis effect. TRAM -34 significantly attenuated cardiac fibrosis and the inflammatory reaction and reduced the number of fibroblast precursor cells and myofibroblasts. Inhibition of KC a3.1 channels suppressed angiotensin II -stimulated expression and secretion of interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 in CD 4+ T cells and interleukin-4- or interleukin-13-induced differentiation of monocytes into fibrocytes. Conclusions KC a3.1 channels facilitate myocardial inflammation and the differentiation of bone marrow-derived monocytes into myofibroblasts in cardiac fibrosis caused by angiotensin II infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang She
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Yu-Jie Ren
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi China.,5 Department of Pathology Xi'an Guangren Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Yan Wang
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Meng-Chen Hou
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Hui-Fang Wang
- 5 Department of Pathology Xi'an Guangren Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Wei Gou
- 3 Basic Experiment Teaching Center School of Basic Medical Sciences Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Bao-Chang Lai
- 4 Cardiovascular Research Centre School of Basic Medical Sciences Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Ting Lei
- 2 Department of Pathology School of Basic Medical Sciences Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi China.,6 Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Xiu-Ling Deng
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi China.,4 Cardiovascular Research Centre School of Basic Medical Sciences Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi China
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Metformin Regulates the Expression of SK2 and SK3 in the Atria of Rats With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Through the NOX4/p38MAPK Signaling Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 72:205-213. [PMID: 30188871 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We previously found that metformin regulates the ion current conducted by the small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (SK channels) in the atria of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as well as the mRNA and protein expression of the SK2 and SK3 subtypes of SK channels. In this study, we hypothesized that the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signaling pathway was involved in the metformin-mediated regulation of SK2 and SK3 expression in the atria of rats with T2DM. We randomly divided Wistar rats into the control group, the untreated T2DM group, the metformin-treated group, the group receiving subcutaneous injections of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), and the group receiving tail vein injections of the p38MAPK agonist anisomycin. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were applied to examine the expression levels of SK2, SK3, NOX4, and phospho-p38MAPK (p-p38MAPK) mRNAs and proteins in the atrial tissue of relevant groups. We observed that the expression levels of NOX4 mRNA and protein and p-p38MAPK protein were significantly elevated in the atria of rats with T2DM compared with the control group. In addition, SK2 protein expression was reduced, whereas SK3 protein expression was increased. The 8-week treatment with metformin markedly reduced the expression levels of NOX4 mRNA and protein and p-p38MAPK protein, upregulated the SK2 expression, and downregulated the SK3 expression. Tail vein injection with anisomycin significantly increased the p-p38MAPK expression while further inhibiting the expression of SK2 and enhancing the expression of SK3. Subcutaneous injection with DPI considerably inhibited the expression of NOX4, further enhanced the expression of SK2 and suppressed the expression of SK3. In addition, subcutaneous injection with DPI significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of p38MAPK. In conclusion, the NOX4/p38MAPK signaling pathway mediates the downregulation of SK2 and the upregulation of SK3 in the atria of rats with T2DM. Long-term metformin treatment upregulates SK2 protein expression and downregulates SK3 protein expression by inhibiting the NOX4/p38MAPK signaling pathway.
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Liu CH, Hua N, Fu X, Pan YL, Li B, Li XD. Metformin regulates atrial SK2 and SK3 expression through inhibiting the PKC/ERK signaling pathway in type 2 diabetic rats. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:236. [PMID: 30545309 PMCID: PMC6293565 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0950-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous study showed that metformin regulates the mRNA and protein levels of type 2 small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (SK2) and type 3 small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (SK3) in atrial tissue as well as the ion current of atrial myocytes in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the underlying signaling mechanism is unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether metformin regulates atrial SK2 and SK3 protein expression in T2DM rats though the protein kinase C (PKC)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Methods A T2DM rat model was established using a high-fat and high-sugar diet combined with a low-dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The rats were randomly divided into the following five groups: the control group, the untreated T2DM group, the metformin-treated only group, the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; a PKC agonist administered by intraperitoneal injection) treatment group, and the recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rh-EGF; an ERK agonist administered by tail vein injection) treatment group. The activity of PKC in atrial tissues was assayed by a PKC kinase activity assay kit. The protein expression of SK2, SK3, and phosphorylated ERK (pERK) were determined by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with the Control group, atrial PKC activity and pERK and SK3 protein expression were increased, while SK2 protein expression was decreased in atrial tissues of T2DM rats. Eight weeks of metformin treatment inhibited the PKC activity and pERK and SK3 expression, and elevated SK2 expression compared with the T2DM group. Compared with the metformin-treated only group, the injection of rh-EGF increased pERK and SK3 expression, and decreased SK2 expression; the injection of PMA increased PKC activity and SK3 expression, and decreased SK2 expression. In addition, the injection with PMA significantly elevated the expression of pERK. Conclusions The PKC/ERK signaling pathway is involved in the downregulation of SK2 expression and the upregulation of SK3 expression in the atrium of T2DM rats. Long-term metformin treatment prevents the SK2 downregulation and the SK3 upregulation through inhibiting the PKC/ERK signaling pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12872-018-0950-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-He Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Hua
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Long Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.
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Ma XZ, Pang ZD, Wang JH, Song Z, Zhao LM, Du XJ, Deng XL. The role and mechanism of K Ca3.1 channels in human monocyte migration induced by palmitic acid. Exp Cell Res 2018; 369:208-217. [PMID: 29792849 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte migration into diseased tissues contributes to the pathogenesis of diseases. Intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa3.1) channels play an important role in cell migration. However, the role of KCa3.1 channels in mediating monocyte migration induced by palmitic acid (PA) is still unclear. Using cultured THP-1 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy subjects, we investigated the role and signaling mechanisms of KCa3.1 channels in mediating the migration induced by PA. Using methods of Western blotting analysis, RNA interference, cell migration assay and ELISA, we found that PA-treated monocytes exhibited increment of the protein levels of KCa3.1 channel and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and the effects were reversed by co-incubation of PA with anti-TLR2/4 antibodies or by specific inhibitors of p38-MAPK, or NF-κB. In addition, PA increased monocyte migration, which was abolished by a specific KCa3.1 channel blocker, TRAM-34, or KCa3.1 small interfering RNA (siRNA). The expression and secretion of MCP-1 induced by PA was also similarly prevented by TRAM-34 and KCa3.1 siRNA. These results demonstrate for the first time that PA upregulates KCa3.1 channels through TLR2/4, p38-MAPK and NF-κB pathway to promote the expression of MCP-1, and then induce the trans-endothelial migration of monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhen Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheng-Da Pang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun-Hong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Fifth West Road, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheng Song
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li-Mei Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Xiu-Ling Deng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China; Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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Severino P, D'Amato A, Netti L, Pucci M, De Marchis M, Palmirotta R, Volterrani M, Mancone M, Fedele F. Diabetes Mellitus and Ischemic Heart Disease: The Role of Ion Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29534462 PMCID: PMC5877663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one the strongest risk factors for cardiovascular disease and, in particular, for ischemic heart disease (IHD). The pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia in diabetic patients is complex and not fully understood: some diabetic patients have mainly coronary stenosis obstructing blood flow to the myocardium; others present with coronary microvascular disease with an absence of plaques in the epicardial vessels. Ion channels acting in the cross-talk between the myocardial energy state and coronary blood flow may play a role in the pathophysiology of IHD in diabetic patients. In particular, some genetic variants for ATP-dependent potassium channels seem to be involved in the determinism of IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Severino
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea D'Amato
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Lucrezia Netti
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mariateresa Pucci
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marialaura De Marchis
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Palmirotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology Oncogenomic Research Center, 'Aldo Moro' University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Volterrani
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele, 00163 Rome, Italy.
| | - Massimo Mancone
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Fedele
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Dong P, Liu M, Liu C. Exenatide Inhibits the K Ca3.1 Channels of Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle in Diabetic Rats. ACTA CARDIOLOGICA SINICA 2017; 33:648-655. [PMID: 29167619 PMCID: PMC5694930 DOI: 10.6515/acs20170612b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND KCa3.1 ion channels play an important role during atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate the effect of exenatide on KCa3.1 expression in aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of diabetic rats. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control (NC), diabetes model (DM), and exenatide treatment (ET) groups. Hematoxylin and eosin and α-actin immunohistochemical staining were used to detect changes in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to detect changes in KCa3.1 mRNA and protein levels, respectively. RESULTS Aortic tissue staining in the DM group revealed an absence of smooth or integrated endothelium, increased smooth muscle cell proliferation in the media, smooth muscle hyperplasia, disorganized smooth muscle cells, and an increased number of collagen fibers, relative to the NC and ET groups. KCa3.1 mRNA expression was higher in the DM group than in the NC and ET groups. Similarly, the KCa3.1 protein level was higher in the DM group than in the NC and ET groups. The KCa3.1 protein level did not significantly differ between the ET and NC groups. CONCLUSIONS Exenatide could inhibit the expression of the KCa3.1 channel in VSMCs of diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minglong Liu
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004
| | - Chaofeng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 710021, China
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Protective role of ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas in myocardial fibrosis by downregulating K Ca3.1 channel via ERK1/2 pathway. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:2041-2051. [PMID: 27592222 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1875-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa3.1) channel plays a vital role in myocardial fibrosis induced by angiotensin (Ang) II. However, as the antagonists of Ang II, the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas axis on KCa3.1 channel during myocardial fibrosis remains unknown. This study was designed to explore the function of KCa3.1 channel in the cardioprotective role of ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas. Wild-type (WT) mice, hACE2 transgenic mice (Tg), and ACE2 deficiency mice (ACE2-/-) were administrated with Ang II by osmotic mini-pumps. As the activator of ACE2, diminazene aceturate (DIZE) inhibited increase of blood pressure, collagen deposition, and KCa3.1 protein expression in myocardium of WT mice induced by Ang II. In Tg and ACE2-/- mice, besides the elevation of blood pressure, Ang II induced transformation of cardiac fibroblast into myofibroblast and resulted in augmentation of hydroxyproline concentration and collagen deposition, as well as KCa3.1 protein expression, but the changes in ACE2-/- mice were more obvious than those in Tg mice. Mas antagonist A779 reduced blood pressure, myocardium fibrosis, and myocardium KCa3.1 protein expression by Ang II in Tg mice, but activation of KCa3.1 with SKA-31 in Tg mice promoted the pro-fibrogenic effects of Ang II. Respectively, in ACE2-/- mice, TRAM-34, the KCa3.1 blocker, and Ang-(1-7) inhibited increase of blood pressure, collagen deposition, and KCa3.1 protein expression by Ang II. Moreover, DIZE and Ang-(1-7) depressed p-ERK1/2/t-ERK increases by Ang II in WT mice, and after blockage of ERK1/2 pathway with PD98059, the KCa3.1 protein expression was reduced in WT mice. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas protects the myocardium from hypertension-induced injury, which is related to its inhibiting effect on KCa3.1 channels through ERK1/2 pathway. Our results reveal that KCa3.1 channel is likely to be a critical target on the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis for its protective role in myocardial fibrosis and changes of KCa3.1 induced by homeostasis of ACE-Ang II-AT1 axis and ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis may be a new therapeutic target in myocardial fibrosis.
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12
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Harith HH, Di Bartolo BA, Cartland SP, Genner S, Kavurma MM. Insulin promotes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and apoptosis via differential regulation of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. J Diabetes 2016; 8:568-78. [PMID: 26333348 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin regulates glucose homeostasis but can also promote vascular smooth muscle (VSMC) proliferation, important in atherogenesis. Recently, we showed that tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) stimulates intimal thickening via accelerated growth of VSMCs. The aim of the present study was to determine whether insulin-induced effects on VSMCs occur via TRAIL. METHODS Expression of TRAIL and TRAIL receptor in response to insulin and glucose was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Transcriptional activity was assessed using wild-type and site-specific mutations of the TRAIL promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies were performed. VSMC proliferation and apoptosis was measured. RESULTS Insulin and glucose exposure to VSMC for 24 h stimulated TRAIL mRNA expression. This was also evident at the transcriptional level. Both insulin- and glucose-inducible TRAIL transcriptional activity was blocked by dominant-negative specificity protein-1 (Sp1) overexpression. There are five functional Sp1-binding elements (Sp1-1, Sp1-2, Sp-5/6 and Sp1-7) on the TRAIL promoter. Insulin required the Sp1-1 and Sp1-2 sites, but glucose needed all Sp1-binding sites to induce transcription. Furthermore, insulin (but not glucose) was able to promote VSMC proliferation over time, associated with increased decoy receptor-2 (DcR2) expression. In contrast, chronic 5-day exposure of VSMC to 1 µg/mL insulin repressed TRAIL and DcR2 expression, and reduced Sp1 enrichment on the TRAIL promoter. This was associated with increased cell death. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study provide a new mechanistic insight into how TRAIL is regulated by insulin. This may have significant implications at different stages of diabetes-associated cardiovascular disease. Thus, TRAIL may offer a novel therapeutic solution to combat insulin-induced vascular pathologies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Glucose/pharmacology
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Insulin/pharmacology
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/genetics
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/genetics
- TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanis H Harith
- Centre for Vascular Research
- School of Medical Sciences UNSW, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Belinda A Di Bartolo
- The Heart Research Institute
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Siân P Cartland
- The Heart Research Institute
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Mary M Kavurma
- The Heart Research Institute
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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13
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Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels: Potential Target for Cardiovascular Diseases. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2015; 104:233-261. [PMID: 27038376 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (KCa) are classified into three subtypes: big conductance (BKCa), intermediate conductance (IKCa), and small conductance (SKCa) KCa channels. The three types of KCa channels have distinct physiological or pathological functions in cardiovascular system. BKCa channels are mainly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and inner mitochondrial membrane of cardiomyocytes, activation of BKCa channels in these locations results in vasodilation and cardioprotection against cardiac ischemia. IKCa channels are expressed in VSMCs, endothelial cells, and cardiac fibroblasts and involved in vascular smooth muscle proliferation, migration, vessel dilation, and cardiac fibrosis. SKCa channels are widely expressed in nervous and cardiovascular system, and activation of SKCa channels mainly contributes membrane hyperpolarization. In this chapter, we summarize the physiological and pathological roles of the three types of KCa channels in cardiovascular system and put forward the possibility of KCa channels as potential target for cardiovascular diseases.
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14
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Effects of BKCa and Kir2.1 Channels on Cell Cycling Progression and Migration in Human Cardiac c-kit+ Progenitor Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138581. [PMID: 26390131 PMCID: PMC4577111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that a large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ current (BKCa), a voltage-gated TTX-sensitive sodium current (INa.TTX), and an inward rectifier K+ current (IKir) were heterogeneously present in most of human cardiac c-kit+ progenitor cells. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of these ion channels on cell cycling progression and migration of human cardiac c-kit+ progenitor cells with approaches of cell proliferation and mobility assays, siRNA, RT-PCR, Western blots, flow cytometry analysis, etc. It was found that inhibition of BKCa with paxilline, but not INa.TTX with tetrodotoxin, decreased both cell proliferation and migration. Inhibition of IKir with Ba2+ had no effect on cell proliferation, while enhanced cell mobility. Silencing KCa.1.1 reduced cell proliferation by accumulating the cells at G0/G1 phase and decreased cell mobility. Interestingly, silencing Kir2.1 increased the cell migration without affecting cell cycling progression. These results demonstrate the novel information that blockade or silence of BKCa channels, but not INa.TTX channels, decreases cell cycling progression and mobility, whereas inhibition of Kir2.1 channels increases cell mobility without affecting cell cycling progression in human cardiac c-kit+ progenitor cells.
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15
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Ferreira R, Wong R, Schlichter LC. KCa3.1/IK1 Channel Regulation by cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase (PKG) via Reactive Oxygen Species and CaMKII in Microglia: An Immune Modulating Feedback System? Front Immunol 2015; 6:153. [PMID: 25904916 PMCID: PMC4389654 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The intermediate conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel, KCa3.1 (IK1/SK4/KCNN4) is widely expressed in the innate and adaptive immune system. KCa3.1 contributes to proliferation of activated T lymphocytes, and in CNS-resident microglia, it contributes to Ca2+ signaling, migration, and production of pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., reactive oxygen species, ROS). KCa3.1 is under investigation as a therapeutic target for CNS disorders that involve microglial activation and T cells. However, KCa3.1 is post-translationally regulated, and this will determine when and how much it can contribute to cell functions. We previously found that KCa3.1 trafficking and gating require calmodulin (CaM) binding, and this is inhibited by cAMP kinase (PKA) acting at a single phosphorylation site. The same site is potentially phosphorylated by cGMP kinase (PKG), and in some cells, PKG can increase Ca2+, CaM activation, and ROS. Here, we addressed KCa3.1 regulation through PKG-dependent pathways in primary rat microglia and the MLS-9 microglia cell line, using perforated-patch recordings to preserve intracellular signaling. Elevating cGMP increased both the KCa3.1 current and intracellular ROS production, and both were prevented by the selective PKG inhibitor, KT5823. The cGMP/PKG-evoked increase in KCa3.1 current in intact MLS-9 microglia was mediated by ROS, mimicked by applying hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), inhibited by a ROS scavenger (MGP), and prevented by a selective CaMKII inhibitor (mAIP). Similar results were seen in alternative-activated primary rat microglia; their KCa3.1 current required PKG, ROS, and CaMKII, and they had increased ROS production that required KCa3.1 activity. The increase in current apparently did not result from direct effects on the channel open probability (Po) or Ca2+ dependence because, in inside-out patches from transfected HEK293 cells, single-channel activity was not affected by cGMP, PKG, H2O2 at normal or elevated intracellular Ca2+. The regulation pathway we have identified in intact microglia and MLS-9 cells is expected to have broad implications because KCa3.1 plays important roles in numerous cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Ferreira
- Genetics and Development Division, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, ON , Canada ; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Raymond Wong
- Genetics and Development Division, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, ON , Canada ; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Lyanne C Schlichter
- Genetics and Development Division, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, ON , Canada ; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
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16
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The role of KCa3.1 channels in cardiac fibrosis induced by pressure overload in rats. Pflugers Arch 2015; 467:2275-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-015-1694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Zhang J, Zhao Y, Hou X, Chen B, Xiao Z, Han J, Shi C, Liu J, Miao Q, Dai J. The inhibition effects of insulin on BMP2-induced muscle heterotopic ossification. Biomaterials 2014; 35:9322-31. [PMID: 25132600 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play an important role in regulating osteoblastic differentiation and bone formation. But the diffuse of BMPs into muscle tissues around bone injury sites often leads to heterotopic ossification, which has been regarded as one of major side-effects of BMP implementation in bone defect patients. It raises great demands for exploring effective methods that preventing BMP-induced heterotopic ossification while not interrupting the osteoinductive activity of BMPs for in situ bone defect repair. Here we found insulin, a positive regulator for bone regeneration, inhibited BMP2-induced muscle heterotopic ossification by suppressing the expression of bone transcription factor Osterix. By analyzing downstream molecules of insulin pathway, we found AKT/mTOR/GSK3 signaling was responsible for the inhibition of insulin on BMP2-induced ossification, and GSK3 inhibitor SB216763 attenuated BMP2-induced muscle heterotopic ossification. The data might shed light on developing effective clinical therapy for inhibiting muscle heterotopic ossification when BMPs were used bone defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Road, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Road, 400038, Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xianglin Hou
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Road, 400038, Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Road, 400038, Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Road, 400038, Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chunying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianzhou Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Miao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Road, 400038, Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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18
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Zhao LM, Wang Y, Yang Y, Guo R, Wang NP, Deng XL. Metformin Restores Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated K+ Channel– and Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated K+ Channel–Mediated Vasodilatation Impaired by Advanced Glycation End Products in Rat Mesenteric Artery. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 86:580-91. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.092874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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19
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Nagayama D, Endo K, Ohira M, Yamaguchi T, Ban N, Kawana H, Nagumo A, Saiki A, Oyama T, Miyashita Y, Shirai K. Effects of body weight reduction on cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). Obes Res Clin Pract 2014; 7:e139-e145. [PMID: 24331775 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2011.08.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is associated with type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension, contributing to atherogenesis. Weight reduction is the fundamental therapy for obesity. Recently, a novel arterial stiffness parameter called cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) has been developed. We hypothesized that CAVI may be a candidate marker of increased vascular stiffness in obese patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of weight reduction on CAVI. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Using CAVI as an indicator, we assessed the changes in arterial stiffness in 47 obese Japanese subjects (aged 46 ± 13 years) who underwent a 12-week weight reduction program consisting of a calorie restriction diet (20-25 kcal/day) and exercise therapy. Visceral fat area (VFA) was evaluated by CT. RESULTS At baseline, CAVI correlated positively with age (r = 0.70), blood pressure (r = 0.23), VFA (r = 0.26) and HbA1c (r = 0.39). After 12 weeks of weight reduction, mean BMI decreased from 33.3 ± 7.5 to 30.7 ± 6.4 kg/m(2) (p < 0.0001), and mean CAVI decreased from 8.3 to 7.9 (p < 0.01). The change in VFA correlated positively with change in CAVI in subjects with decrease in CAVI (r = 0.47). Furthermore, change in VFA was a significant independent predictor for change in CAVI. No significant correlation was observed between change in CAVI and clinical variables such as BMI, HbA1c and lipids. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that CAVI decreased after weight reduction, and was associated with a decrease in VFA. CAVI reduction maybe a marker of improved vascular stiffness after weight reduction in subjects with visceral adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiji Nagayama
- Center of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism, Toho University Medical Center Sakura Hospital, Chiba 285-8741, Japan
| | - Kei Endo
- Center of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism, Toho University Medical Center Sakura Hospital, Chiba 285-8741, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohira
- Center of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism, Toho University Medical Center Sakura Hospital, Chiba 285-8741, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamaguchi
- Center of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism, Toho University Medical Center Sakura Hospital, Chiba 285-8741, Japan
| | - Noriko Ban
- Center of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism, Toho University Medical Center Sakura Hospital, Chiba 285-8741, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kawana
- Center of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism, Toho University Medical Center Sakura Hospital, Chiba 285-8741, Japan
| | - Ayako Nagumo
- Center of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism, Toho University Medical Center Sakura Hospital, Chiba 285-8741, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Saiki
- Center of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism, Toho University Medical Center Sakura Hospital, Chiba 285-8741, Japan.
| | - Tomokazu Oyama
- Center of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism, Toho University Medical Center Sakura Hospital, Chiba 285-8741, Japan
| | - Yoh Miyashita
- Center of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism, Toho University Medical Center Sakura Hospital, Chiba 285-8741, Japan
| | - Kohji Shirai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Medical Center Sakura Hospital, Chiba 285-8741, Japan
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20
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Urrego D, Tomczak AP, Zahed F, Stühmer W, Pardo LA. Potassium channels in cell cycle and cell proliferation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20130094. [PMID: 24493742 PMCID: PMC3917348 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal cell-cycle progression is a crucial task for every multicellular organism, as it determines body size and shape, tissue renewal and senescence, and is also crucial for reproduction. On the other hand, dysregulation of the cell-cycle progression leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation is the hallmark of cancer. Therefore, it is not surprising that it is a tightly regulated process, with multifaceted and very complex control mechanisms. It is now well established that one of those mechanisms relies on ion channels, and in many cases specifically on potassium channels. Here, we summarize the possible mechanisms underlying the importance of potassium channels in cell-cycle control and briefly review some of the identified channels that illustrate the multiple ways in which this group of proteins can influence cell proliferation and modulate cell-cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Urrego
- Oncophysiology Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, , Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, Göttingen 37075, Germany
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21
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Chen D, Yu SP, Wei L. Ion channels in regulation of neuronal regenerative activities. Transl Stroke Res 2014; 5:156-62. [PMID: 24399572 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-013-0320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The regeneration of the nervous system is achieved by the regrowth of damaged neuronal axons, the restoration of damaged nerve cells, and the generation of new neurons to replace those that have been lost. In the central nervous system, the regenerative ability is limited by various factors including damaged oligodendrocytes that are essential for neuronal axon myelination, an emerging glial scar, and secondary injury in the surrounding areas. Stem cell transplantation therapy has been shown to be a promising approach to treat neurodegenerative diseases because of the regenerative capability of the stem cells that secrete neurotrophic factors and give rise to differentiated progeny. However, some issues of stem cell transplantation, such as survival, homing, and efficiency of neural differentiation after transplantation, still need to be improved. Ion channels allow for the exchange of ions between the intra- and extracellular spaces or between the cytoplasm and organelles. These ion channels maintain the ion homeostasis in the brain and play a key role in regulating the physiological function of the nervous system and allowing the processing of neuronal signals. In seeking a potential strategy to enhance the efficacy of stem cell therapy in neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, this review briefly summarizes the roles of ion channels in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, chemotropic axon guidance of growth cones, and axon outgrowth after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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Abstract
The rising epidemic of T2DM (Type 2 diabetes mellitus) worldwide is of significant concern. The inherently silent nature of the disease in its early stages precludes early detection; hence cardiovascular disease is often established by the time diabetes is diagnosed. This increased cardiovascular risk leads to significant morbidity and mortality in these individuals. Progressive development of complications as a result of previous exposure to metabolic disturbances appears to leave a long-lasting impression on cells of the vasculature that is not easily reversed and is termed 'metabolic memory'. SMCs (smooth muscle cells) of blood vessel walls, through their inherent ability to switch between a contractile quiescent phenotype and an active secretory state, maintain vascular homoeostasis in health and development. This plasticity also confers SMCs with the essential capacity to adapt and remodel in pathological states. Emerging clinical and experimental studies propose that SMCs in diabetes may be functionally impaired and thus contribute to the increased incidence of macrovascular complications. Although this idea has general support, the underlying molecular mechanisms are currently unknown and hence are the subject of intense research. The aim of the present review is to explore and evaluate the current literature relating to the problem of vascular disease in T2DM and to discuss the critical role of SMCs in vascular remodelling. Possibilities for therapeutic strategies specifically at the level of T2DM SMCs, including recent novel advances in the areas of microRNAs and epigenetics, will be evaluated. Since restoring glucose control in diabetic patients has limited effect in ameliorating their cardiovascular risk, discovering alternative strategies that restrict or reverse disease progression is vital. Current research in this area will be discussed.
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Wang LP, Wang Y, Zhao LM, Li GR, Deng XL. Angiotensin II upregulates K(Ca)3.1 channels and stimulates cell proliferation in rat cardiac fibroblasts. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 85:1486-94. [PMID: 23500546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts is implicated in the pathogenesis of myocardial remodeling and fibrosis. Intermediate-conductance calcium-activated K⁺ channels (K(Ca)3.1 channels) have important roles in cell proliferation. However, it is unknown whether angiotensin II (Ang II), a potent profibrotic molecule, would regulate K(Ca)3.1 channels in cardiac fibroblasts and participate in cell proliferation. In the present study, we investigated whether K(Ca)3.1 channels were regulated by Ang II, and how the channel activity mediated cell proliferation in cultured adult rat cardiac fibroblasts using electrophysiology and biochemical approaches. It was found that mRNA, protein, and current density of K(Ca)3.1 channels were greatly enhanced in cultured cardiac fibroblasts treated with 1 μM Ang II, and the effects were countered by the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT₁R) blocker losartan, the p38-MAPK inhibitor SB203580, the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, and the PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002. Ang II stimulated cell proliferation and the effect was antagonized by the K(Ca)3.1 blocker TRAM-34 and siRNA targeting K(Ca)3.1. In addition, Ang II-induced increase of K(Ca)3.1 expression was attenuated by transfection of activator protein-1 (AP-1) decoy oligodeoxynucleotides. These results demonstrate for the first time that Ang II stimulates cell proliferation mediated by upregulating K(Ca)3.1 channels via interacting with the AT₁R and activating AP-1 complex through ERK1/2, p38-MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in cultured adult rat cardiac fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061 Shaanxi, China
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Zhao LM, Su XL, Wang Y, Li GR, Deng XL. KCa3.1 channels mediate the increase of cell migration and proliferation by advanced glycation endproducts in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. J Transl Med 2013; 93:159-67. [PMID: 23212096 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2012.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the involvement of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) in diabetic atherosclerosis are not fully understood. The present study was designed to investigate whether intermediate-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (K(Ca)3.1 channels) are involved in migration and proliferation induced by AGEs in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) using approaches of whole-cell patch voltage-clamp, cell proliferation and migration assay, and western blot analysis. It was found that the current density and protein level of K(Ca)3.1 channels were enhanced in cells incubated with AGE-BSA (bovine serum albumin), and the effects were reversed by co-incubation of AGE-BSA with anti-RAGE (anti-receptors of AGEs) antibody. The ERK1/2 inhibitors PD98059 and U0126, the P38-MAPK inhibitors SB203580 and SB202190, or the PI3K inhibitors LY294002 and wortmannin countered the K(Ca)3.1 channel expression by AGE-BSA. In addition, AGE-BAS increased cell migration and proliferation, and the effects were fully reversed with anti-RAGE antibody, the K(Ca)3.1 channel blocker TRAM-34, or K(Ca)3.1 small interfering RNA. These results demonstrate for the first time that AGEs-induced increase of migration and proliferation is related to the upregulation of K(Ca)3.1 channels in rat VMSCs, and the intracellular signals ERK1/2, P38-MAPK and PI3K are involved in the regulation of K(Ca)3.1 channel expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Mei Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Schwab A, Fabian A, Hanley PJ, Stock C. Role of ion channels and transporters in cell migration. Physiol Rev 2013; 92:1865-913. [PMID: 23073633 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell motility is central to tissue homeostasis in health and disease, and there is hardly any cell in the body that is not motile at a given point in its life cycle. Important physiological processes intimately related to the ability of the respective cells to migrate include embryogenesis, immune defense, angiogenesis, and wound healing. On the other side, migration is associated with life-threatening pathologies such as tumor metastases and atherosclerosis. Research from the last ≈ 15 years revealed that ion channels and transporters are indispensable components of the cellular migration apparatus. After presenting general principles by which transport proteins affect cell migration, we will discuss systematically the role of channels and transporters involved in cell migration.
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Abhijit S, Bhaskaran R, Narayanasamy A, Chakroborty A, Manickam N, Dixit M, Mohan V, Balasubramanyam M. Hyperinsulinemia-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation is mediated by converging mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 373:95-105. [PMID: 23073711 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the major complications of diabetes and involves endothelial dysfunction, matrix alteration, and most importantly migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Although hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are known to contribute to atherosclerosis, little is known about the specific cellular signaling pathways that mediate the detrimental hyperinsulinemic effects in VSMCs. Therefore, we investigated the cellular mechanisms of hyperinsulinemia-induced migration and proliferation of VSMCs. VSMCs were treated with insulin (100 nM) for 6 days and subjected to various physiological and molecular investigations. VSMCs subjected to hyperinsulinemia exhibited increased migration and proliferation, and this is paralleled by oxidative stress [increased NADPH oxidase activity, NADPH oxidase 1 mRNA expression, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation], alterations in mitochondrial physiology (membrane depolarization, decreased mitochondrial mass, and increased mitochondrial ROS), changes in mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes (mitofusin 1, mitofusin 2, dynamin-related protein 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-beta, nuclear respiratory factor 1, and uncoupling protein 2), and increased Akt phosphorylation. Diphenyleneiodonium, a known NADPH oxidase inhibitor significantly inhibited migration and proliferation of VSMCs and normalized all the above physiological and molecular perturbations. This study suggests a plausible crosstalk between mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress under hyperinsulinemia and emphasizes counteracting mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress as a novel therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiny Abhijit
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600 086, India
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Chen JB, Liu WJ, Che H, Liu J, Sun HY, Li GR. Adenosine-5'-triphosphate up-regulates proliferation of human cardiac fibroblasts. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:1140-50. [PMID: 22224416 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01831.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE ATP is a potent signalling molecule that regulates biological activities including increasing or decreasing proliferation in different types of cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate how ATP regulates the proliferation of human cardiac fibroblasts. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, Western blot analysis, cell proliferation and migration assays were employed to investigate the effects of ATP on human adult ventricular fibroblasts. KEY RESULTS ATP increased cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Similarly, the P2X receptor agonist α,β-methylene ATP and P2Y receptor agonist ATP-γS also up-regulated cell proliferation. The P2 receptor antagonists suramin and reactive blue-2 prevented the ATP-induced increase in proliferation and RT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that mRNAs of P2X(4/7) and P2Y(2) are abundant in cardiac fibroblasts. ATP increased phosphorylated PKB (Akt) and ERK1/2 levels; an effect antagonized by suramin, reactive blue-2, the PI3-kinase inhibitor, wortmannin, PKB inhibitor, API-2, and MAPK inhibitor, PD98059. These kinase inhibitors also prevented the ATP-induced increase in proliferation. In addition, ATP enhanced the progression of cells from the G0/G1 phase to the S phase by increasing the expression of proteins for cyclin D1 and cyclin E. Silencing the P2X(4/7) and P2Y(2) receptors with siRNA targeting the corresponding receptor diminished ATP-stimulated proliferation and migration of the cardiac fibroblasts. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION ATP activates P2X(4/7) and P2Y(2) receptors and up-regulates the proliferation of human cardiac fibroblasts by promoting cell cycling progression. It also increases the migration of these cells. These effects of ATP may be involved in cardiac remodelling of injured hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Bo Chen
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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Zhou X, Yuan P, He Y. Role of microRNAs in peripheral artery disease (review). Mol Med Rep 2012; 6:695-700. [PMID: 22767222 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) involves a general vascular problem of diffuse atherosclerosis. The key pathological process is characterized by the aberrant proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and the formation of neointimal lesions. The molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of the occurrence and development of PAD remain unclear. microRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved 20-25 nt-long non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression. Recent evidence has demonstrated that specific miRNAs are involved in the pathological processes of PAD, and these miRNAs are found to be critical modulators of vascular cell functions, including cell differentiation, contraction, migration, proliferation and apoptosis. This review summarizes findings of studies regarding the roles of specific miRNAs in PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichun, PR China.
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