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Koukorava C, Ahmed K, Almaghrabi S, Pointon A, Haddrick M, Cross MJ. Anticancer drugs and cardiotoxicity: the role of cardiomyocyte and non-cardiomyocyte cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1372817. [PMID: 39081368 PMCID: PMC11287221 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1372817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity can be defined as "chemically induced heart disease", which can occur with many different drug classes treating a range of diseases. It is the primary cause of drug attrition during pre-clinical development and withdrawal from the market. Drug induced cardiovascular toxicity can result from both functional effects with alteration of the contractile and electrical regulation in the heart and structural changes with morphological changes to cardiomyocytes and other cardiac cells. These adverse effects result in conditions such as arrhythmia or a more serious reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), which can lead to heart failure and death. Anticancer drugs can adversely affect cardiomyocyte function as well as cardiac fibroblasts and cardiac endothelial cells, interfering in autocrine and paracrine signalling between these cell types and ultimately altering cardiac cellular homeostasis. This review aims to highlight potential toxicity mechanisms involving cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocyte cells by first introducing the physiological roles of these cells within the myocardium and secondly, identifying the physiological pathways perturbed by anticancer drugs in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysa Koukorava
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Shrouq Almaghrabi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Pointon
- Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michael J. Cross
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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2
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Li Y, Zheng H, Yao Q, Ma Y, Wang L, Liu Q, Liu Y. Preparation, structural characteristics and pharmacological activity of polysaccharides from Polygala tenuifolia: A review. Carbohydr Res 2024; 539:109117. [PMID: 38626569 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Polygala tenuifolia is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of application, with the efficacy of suppressing cough, calming asthma, tranquilizing the mind, and benefiting the intellect. It is classified as a top-quality medicine in Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica. Polysaccharide is an important active ingredient in Polygala tenuifolia, which consists of several monosaccharides, including Ara, Gal, Glc, and so on. In this review, the preparation methods, structural characteristics, and biological activities of polysaccharides from Polygala tenuifolia are summarized, and the problems in the current studies are discussed to support further research, development, and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Huimin Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, 810007, China
| | - Qiuhui Yao
- School of Foreign Languages, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Yongbo Ma
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
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3
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Jiang C, Xu H, Wu Y. Effect of chemotherapy in tumor on coronary arteries: Mechanisms and management. Life Sci 2024; 338:122377. [PMID: 38135114 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is an important contributor to the cardiovascular burden in cancer survivors. The development of coronary ischemia events, myocardial infarction, and heart failure has been associated with many conventional chemotherapeutic agents, new targeted therapies, and immunotherapy. The most frequent pathological manifestations of chemotherapy-mediated coronary damage include acute vasospasm, acute thrombosis, accelerated atherosclerosis development, and microvascular dysfunction. Potential screening techniques for CAD patients include baseline risk factor evaluation, polygenic risk factors, and coronary artery calcium scores. Determining the risk requires consideration of both the type of chemotherapy and the type of cancer being treated. Cardiology-oncology guidelines offer some suggestions for the care of coronary artery disease, which might involve medication, lifestyle changes, and coronary revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqing Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongjian Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Uruski P, Matuszewska J, Leśniewska A, Rychlewski D, Niklas A, Mikuła-Pietrasik J, Tykarski A, Książek K. An integrative review of nonobvious puzzles of cellular and molecular cardiooncology. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:44. [PMID: 37221467 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncologic patients are subjected to four major treatment types: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. All nonsurgical forms of cancer management are known to potentially violate the structural and functional integrity of the cardiovascular system. The prevalence and severity of cardiotoxicity and vascular abnormalities led to the emergence of a clinical subdiscipline, called cardiooncology. This relatively new, but rapidly expanding area of knowledge, primarily focuses on clinical observations linking the adverse effects of cancer therapy with deteriorated quality of life of cancer survivors and their increased morbidity and mortality. Cellular and molecular determinants of these relations are far less understood, mainly because of several unsolved paths and contradicting findings in the literature. In this article, we provide a comprehensive view of the cellular and molecular etiology of cardiooncology. We pay particular attention to various intracellular processes that arise in cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells treated in experimentally-controlled conditions in vitro and in vivo with ionizing radiation and drugs representing diverse modes of anti-cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Uruski
- Department of Hypertensiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa ½ Str., 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Julia Matuszewska
- Department of Pathophysiology of Ageing and Civilization Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa ½ Str., 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Leśniewska
- Department of Pathophysiology of Ageing and Civilization Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa ½ Str., 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Daniel Rychlewski
- Department of Pathophysiology of Ageing and Civilization Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa ½ Str., 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Niklas
- Department of Hypertensiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa ½ Str., 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Justyna Mikuła-Pietrasik
- Department of Pathophysiology of Ageing and Civilization Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa ½ Str., 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tykarski
- Department of Hypertensiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa ½ Str., 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Książek
- Department of Pathophysiology of Ageing and Civilization Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa ½ Str., 61-848, Poznan, Poland.
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Galis P, Bartosova L, Farkasova V, Szobi A, Horvath C, Kovacova D, Adameova A, Rajtik T. Intermittent Hypoxic Preconditioning Plays a Cardioprotective Role in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2023:10.1007/s12012-023-09793-7. [PMID: 37119387 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-023-09793-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxic preconditioning (IHP) is a well-established cardioprotective intervention in models of ischemia/reperfusion injury. Nevertheless, the significance of IHP in different cardiac pathologies remains elusive. In order to investigate the role of IHP and its effects on calcium-dependent signalization in HF, we employed a model of cardiomyopathy induced by doxorubicin (Dox), a widely used drug from the class of cardiotoxic antineoplastics, which was i.p. injected to Wistar rats (4 applications of 4 mg/kg/week). IHP-treated group was exposed to IHP for 2 weeks prior to Dox administration. IHP ameliorated Dox-induced reduction in cardiac output. Western blot analysis revealed increased expression of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a) while the expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1-α, which is a crucial regulator of hypoxia-inducible genes, was not changed. Animals administered with Dox had further decreased expression of TRPV1 and TRPV4 (transient receptor potential, vanilloid subtype) ion channels along with suppressed Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activation. In summary, IHP-mediated improvement in cardiac output in the model of Dox-induced cardiomyopathy is likely a result of increased SERCA2a expression which could implicate IHP as a potential protective intervention in Dox cardiomyopathy, however, further analysis of observed effects is still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Galis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, 832 32, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Linda Bartosova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, 832 32, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Farkasova
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Adrian Szobi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, 832 32, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Csaba Horvath
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, 832 32, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Kovacova
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, Comenius University, Špitálska 24, 813 72, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Adriana Adameova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, 832 32, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Rajtik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, 832 32, Bratislava, Slovakia.
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Cobb MS, Tao S, Shortt K, Girgis M, Hauptman J, Schriewer J, Chin Z, Dorfman E, Campbell K, Heruth DP, Shohet RV, Dawn B, Konorev EA. Smad3 promotes adverse cardiovascular remodeling and dysfunction in doxorubicin-treated hearts. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H1091-H1107. [PMID: 36269647 PMCID: PMC9678413 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00312.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Many anticancer therapies cause serious cardiovascular complications that degrade quality of life and cause early mortality in treated patients. Specifically, doxorubicin is known as an effective anticancer agent that causes cardiomyopathy in treated patients. There has been growing interest in defining the role of endothelial cells in cardiac damage by doxorubicin. We have shown in the present study that endothelial nuclei accumulate more intravenously administered doxorubicin than other cardiac cell types. Doxorubicin enhanced cardiac production of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) ligands and nuclear translocation of phospho-Smad3 in both cultured and in vivo cardiac endothelial cells. To examine the role of the TGF-β/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (Smad3) pathway in cardiac damage by doxorubicin, we used both Smad3 shRNA stable endothelial cell lines and Smad3-knockout mice. We demonstrated using endothelial transcriptome analysis that upregulation of the TGF-β and inflammatory cytokine/cytokine receptor pathways, as well as suppression of cell cycle and angiogenesis by doxorubicin, were alleviated in Smad3-deficient endothelial cells. The results of transcriptomic analysis were validated using qPCR, immunoblotting, and ex vivo aortic ring sprouting assays. Similarly, increased cardiac expression of cytokines and chemokines observed in treated wild-type mice was diminished in treated Smad3-knockout animals. We also detected increased end-diastolic diameter and depressed systolic function in doxorubicin-treated wild-type but not Smad3-knockout mice. This work provides evidence for the critical role of the canonical TGF-β/Smad3 pathway in cardiac damage by doxorubicin.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Microvascular endothelial cells in the heart accumulate more intravenously administered doxorubicin than nonendothelial cardiac cell types. The treatment enhanced the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway and elicited endothelial cell senescence and inflammatory responses followed by adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in wild-type but not Smad3-deficient animals. Our study suggests that the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway contributes to the development of doxorubicin cardiomyopathy and the potential value of novel approaches to ameliorate cardiotoxicity by targeting the Smad3 transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S. Cobb
- 1Department of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Shixin Tao
- 1Department of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Katherine Shortt
- 2Ambry Genetics, Department of Advanced Analytics, Aliso Viejo, California
| | - Magdy Girgis
- 3Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Jeryl Hauptman
- 3Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Jill Schriewer
- 1Department of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Zaphrirah Chin
- 1Department of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Edward Dorfman
- 1Department of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Kyle Campbell
- 1Department of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Daniel P. Heruth
- 4The Children’s Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri,5Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri—Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Ralph V. Shohet
- 6Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine,
University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- 3Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Eugene A. Konorev
- 1Department of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri
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Machado MV, Chapuis R, Vieira AB. Can Exercise Training Prevent Doxorubicin-induced Cardiomyopathy? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.36660/ijcs.20220170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Torres-Quesada O, Doerrier C, Strich S, Gnaiger E, Stefan E. Physiological Cell Culture Media Tune Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Drug Sensitivity in Cancer Cell Models. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163917. [PMID: 36010911 PMCID: PMC9405899 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cell biologists trust in standard media for analyzing cellular functions and for the specification of target-oriented drug efficacies in cell culture settings. Here, we present a general applicable workflow for the constant monitoring of bioenergetic states of cells grown in 2D cell models to accompany tailored drug discovery efforts. Using in-depth high-resolution respirometry analyses (HRR) of mitochondrial function, we unveiled that the human-plasma-like media (HPLM) altered cellular energetic states. In a systematic HRR setup for drug profiling experiments, we revealed an unexpected side effect of an FDA-approved cancer drug on mitochondrial function, exclusively in HPLM. Thus, we believe that both the recordings of bioenergetic states and the use of more physiological media would improve and reshape cell-based drug discovery ventures. Abstract Two-dimensional cell cultures are established models in research for studying and perturbing cell-type specific functions. However, many limitations apply to the cell growth in a monolayer using standard cell culture media. Although they have been used for decades, their formulations do not mimic the composition of the human cell environment. In this study, we analyzed the impact of a newly formulated human plasma-like media (HPLM) on cell proliferation, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and alterations of drug efficacies using three distinct cancer cell lines. Using high-resolution respirometry, we observed that cells grown in HPLM displayed significantly altered mitochondrial bioenergetic profiles, particularly related to mitochondrial density and mild uncoupling of respiration. Furthermore, in contrast to standard media, the growth of cells in HPLM unveiled mitochondrial dysfunction upon exposure to the FDA-approved kinase inhibitor sunitinib. This seemingly context-dependent side effect of this drug highlights that the selection of the cell culture medium influences the assessment of cancer drug sensitivities. Thus, we suggest to prioritize media with a more physiological composition for analyzing bioenergetic profiles and to take it into account for assigning drug efficacies in the cell culture model of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Torres-Quesada
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute (TKFI), Innrain 66, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence: (O.T.-Q.); (E.S.)
| | | | - Sophie Strich
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute (TKFI), Innrain 66, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Erich Gnaiger
- Oroboros Instruments, Schoepfstrasse 18, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eduard Stefan
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute (TKFI), Innrain 66, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence: (O.T.-Q.); (E.S.)
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Tsai CY, Wu JCC, Wu CJ, Chan SHH. Protective role of VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling against high fatality associated with hepatic encephalopathy via sustaining mitochondrial bioenergetics functions. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:47. [PMID: 35786324 PMCID: PMC9251935 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The lack of better understanding of the pathophysiology and cellular mechanisms associated with high mortality seen in hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a neurological complication arising from acute hepatic failure, remains a challenging medical issue. Clinical reports showed that the degree of baroreflex dysregulation is related to the severity of HE. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a key component of the baroreflex loop that maintains blood pressure and sympathetic vasomotor tone, is known to underpin impairment of baroreflex. Realizing that in addition to angiogenic and vasculogenic effects, by acting on its key receptor (VEGFR2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) elicits neuroprotection via maintenance of mitochondrial function, the guiding hypothesis of the present study is that the VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling plays a protective role against mitochondrial dysfunction in the RVLM to ameliorate baroreflex dysregulation that underpins the high fatality associated with HE. Methods Physiological, pharmacological and biochemical investigations were carried out in proof-of-concept experiments using an in vitro model of HE that involved incubation of cultured mouse hippocampal neurons with ammonium chloride. This was followed by corroboratory experiments employing a mouse model of HE, in which adult male C57BL/6 mice and VEGFR2 wild-type and heterozygous mice received an intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane, a toxin used to induce acute hepatic failure. Results We demonstrated that VEGFR2 is present in cultured neurons, and observed that whereas recombinant VEGF protein maintained cell viability, gene-knockdown of vegfr2 enhanced the reduction of cell viability in our in vitro model of HE. In our in vivo model of HE, we found that VEGFR2 heterozygous mice exhibited shorter survival rate and time when compared to wild-type mice. In C57BL/6 mice, there was a progressive reduction in VEGFR2 mRNA and protein expression, mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels, alongside augmentation of apoptotic cell death in the RVLM, accompanied by a decrease in baroreflex-mediated sympathetic vasomotor tone and hypotension. Immunoneutralization of VEGF exacerbated all those biochemical and physiological events. Conclusions Our results suggest that, acting via VEGFR2, the endogenous VEGF plays a protective role against high fatality associated with HE by amelioration of the dysregulated baroreflex-mediated sympathetic vasomotor tone through sustaining mitochondrial bioenergetics functions and eliciting antiapoptotic action in the RVLM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-022-00831-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Tsai
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Jacqueline C C Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Ju Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Samuel H H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Ma Y, Liu X, Bi Y, Wang T, Chen C, Wang Y, Han D, Cao F. Alteration of N6-Methyladenosine mRNA Methylation in a Human Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte Model of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:849175. [PMID: 35402566 PMCID: PMC8985653 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.849175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays important roles in various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Sunitinib (SUN) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that is widely used in the treatment of different types of solid and blood tumors, but its efficacy is restricted by a concomitant rise in cardiotoxicities. However, the methylation modification of m6A messenger RNA (mRNA) in cardiomyocytes treated with TKI has not been investigated. Methods The global m6A methylation level of SUN-induced cardiotoxicity was detected by m6A dot blot and colorimetric methylation assay. MeRIP-Seq (methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing) and RNA-seq (RNA sequencing, input) were employed to depict the landscapes of transcriptome and epitranscriptome in TKI. Changes in major m6A-related enzymes were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. In addition, the effects of FTO on SUN-induced cardiotoxicity were evaluated by gain and loss of function studies. Results In this study, we observed that the m6A methylation level was significantly elevated in SUN-treated human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) and paralleled a positively correlated cellular damage level. Through a genome-wide analysis of m6A mRNA methylation by methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) and input RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we identified a total of 2,614 peaks with significant changes, of which 1,695 peaks were significantly upregulated and 919 peaks were significantly downregulated. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR), immunofluorescence, and Western blotting revealed that the RNA demethylase fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) was downregulated, whereas the RNA methylases methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14) and wilms' tumor 1-associating protein (WTAP) were upregulated. Furthermore, gain- and loss-of-function studies substantiated that FTO is cardioprotective in TKI. Conclusion This study deciphered the methylation modification of m6A mRNA in hiPSC-CMs post-TKI treatment and determined that FTO may be a promising therapeutic target for TKI-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, The Second Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Bi
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, The Second Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhu Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, The Second Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, The Second Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yabin Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, The Second Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Han
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, The Second Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dong Han
| | - Feng Cao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, The Second Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Feng Cao
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Graziani S, Scorrano L, Pontarin G. Transient Exposure of Endothelial Cells to Doxorubicin Leads to Long-Lasting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Downregulation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020210. [PMID: 35053325 PMCID: PMC8773916 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is an effective antineoplastic drug with serious cardiotoxic side effects that persist after drug withdrawal and can lead to heart failure. Dysregulation of vascular endothelium has been linked to the development of Dox-induced cardiotoxicity, but it is unclear whether and how transient exposure to Dox leads to long-term downregulation of Endothelial Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor type2 (VEGFR2), essential for endothelial cells function. Using an in vitro model devised to study the long-lasting effects of brief endothelial cells exposure to Dox, we show that Dox leads to sustained protein synthesis inhibition and VEGFR2 downregulation. Transient Dox treatment led to the development of long-term senescence associated with a reduction in VEGFR2 levels that persisted days after drug withdrawal. By analyzing VEGFR2 turnover, we ruled out that its downregulation was depended on Dox-induced autophagy. Conversely, Dox induced p53 expression, reduced mTOR-dependent translation, and inhibited global protein synthesis. Our data contribute to a mechanistic basis to the permanent damage caused to endothelial cells by short-term Dox treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Graziani
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.G.); (L.S.)
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.G.); (L.S.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pontarin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.G.); (L.S.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Grabowska ME, Chun B, Moya R, Saucerman JJ. Computational model of cardiomyocyte apoptosis identifies mechanisms of tyrosine kinase inhibitor-induced cardiotoxicity. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 155:66-77. [PMID: 33667419 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite clinical observations of cardiotoxicity among cancer patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the molecular mechanisms by which these drugs affect the heart remain largely unknown. Mechanistic understanding of TKI-induced cardiotoxicity has been limited in part due to the complexity of tyrosine kinase signaling pathways and the multi-targeted nature of many of these drugs. TKI treatment has been associated with reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. To gain insight into the mechanisms mediating TKI-induced cardiotoxicity, this study constructs and validates a computational model of cardiomyocyte apoptosis, integrating intrinsic apoptotic and tyrosine kinase signaling pathways. The model predicts high levels of apoptosis in response to sorafenib, sunitinib, ponatinib, trastuzumab, and gefitinib, and lower levels of apoptosis in response to nilotinib and erlotinib, with the highest level of apoptosis induced by sorafenib. Knockdown simulations identified AP1, ASK1, JNK, MEK47, p53, and ROS as positive functional regulators of sorafenib-induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Overexpression simulations identified Akt, IGF1, PDK1, and PI3K among the negative functional regulators of sorafenib-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. A combinatorial screen of the positive and negative regulators of sorafenib-induced apoptosis revealed ROS knockdown coupled with overexpression of FLT3, FGFR, PDGFR, VEGFR, or KIT as a particularly potent combination in reducing sorafenib-induced apoptosis. Network simulations of combinatorial treatment with sorafenib and the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) suggest that NAC may protect cardiomyocytes from sorafenib-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika E Grabowska
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia; Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Bryan Chun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia; Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Raquel Moya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia; Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia; Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
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13
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Dobbin SJ, Petrie MC, Myles RC, Touyz RM, Lang NN. Cardiotoxic effects of angiogenesis inhibitors. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:71-100. [PMID: 33404052 PMCID: PMC7812690 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of new therapies for cancer has led to dramatic improvements in survivorship. Angiogenesis inhibitors represent one such advancement, revolutionising treatment for a wide range of malignancies. However, these drugs are associated with cardiovascular toxicities which can impact optimal cancer treatment in the short-term and may lead to increased morbidity and mortality in the longer term. Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (VEGFIs) are associated with hypertension, left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and heart failure as well as arterial and venous thromboembolism, QTc interval prolongation and arrhythmia. The mechanisms behind the development of VEGFI-associated LVSD and heart failure likely involve the combination of a number of myocardial insults. These include direct myocardial effects, as well as secondary toxicity via coronary or peripheral vascular damage. Cardiac toxicity may result from the 'on-target' effects of VEGF inhibition or 'off-target' effects resulting from inhibition of other tyrosine kinases. Similar mechanisms may be involved in the development of VEGFI-associated right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. Some VEGFIs can be associated with QTc interval prolongation and an increased risk of ventricular and atrial arrhythmia. Further pre-clinical and clinical studies and trials are needed to better understand the impact of VEGFI on the cardiovascular system. Once mechanisms are elucidated, therapies can be investigated in clinical trials and surveillance strategies for identifying VEGFI-associated cardiovascular complications can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J.H. Dobbin
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
| | - Mark C. Petrie
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
| | - Rachel C. Myles
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
| | - Rhian M. Touyz
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
| | - Ninian N. Lang
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
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14
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Tocchetti CG, Ameri P, de Boer RA, D’Alessandra Y, Russo M, Sorriento D, Ciccarelli M, Kiss B, Bertrand L, Dawson D, Falcao-Pires I, Giacca M, Hamdani N, Linke WA, Mayr M, van der Velden J, Zacchigna S, Ghigo A, Hirsch E, Lyon AR, Görbe A, Ferdinandy P, Madonna R, Heymans S, Thum T. Cardiac dysfunction in cancer patients: beyond direct cardiomyocyte damage of anticancer drugs: novel cardio-oncology insights from the joint 2019 meeting of the ESC Working Groups of Myocardial Function and Cellular Biology of the Heart. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:1820-1834. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In western countries, cardiovascular (CV) disease and cancer are the leading causes of death in the ageing population. Recent epidemiological data suggest that cancer is more frequent in patients with prevalent or incident CV disease, in particular, heart failure (HF). Indeed, there is a tight link in terms of shared risk factors and mechanisms between HF and cancer. HF induced by anticancer therapies has been extensively studied, primarily focusing on the toxic effects that anti-tumour treatments exert on cardiomyocytes. In this Cardio-Oncology update, members of the ESC Working Groups of Myocardial Function and Cellular Biology of the Heart discuss novel evidence interconnecting cardiac dysfunction and cancer via pathways in which cardiomyocytes may be involved but are not central. In particular, the multiple roles of cardiac stromal cells (endothelial cells and fibroblasts) and inflammatory cells are highlighted. Also, the gut microbiota is depicted as a new player at the crossroads between HF and cancer. Finally, the role of non-coding RNAs in Cardio-Oncology is also addressed. All these insights are expected to fuel additional research efforts in the field of Cardio-Oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Gabriele Tocchetti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center of Clinical and Translational Sciences (CIRCET), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Ameri
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, AB31, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yuri D’Alessandra
- Immunology and Functional Genomics Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Russo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Sorriento
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Odontology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Bernadett Kiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Luc Bertrand
- IREC Institute, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dana Dawson
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ines Falcao-Pires
- Unidade de Investigação e Desenvolvimento Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences and Cardiovascular Department, Centre for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, St. Joseph Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Witten, Germany
| | | | - Manuel Mayr
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences and Cardiovascular Department, Centre for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alexander R Lyon
- Cardio-Oncology Service, Royal Brompton Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anikó Görbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Institute of Cardiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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15
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Jahn SK, Hennicke T, Kassack MU, Drews L, Reichert AS, Fritz G. Distinct influence of the anthracycline derivative doxorubicin on the differentiation efficacy of mESC-derived endothelial progenitor cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118711. [PMID: 32224192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is a highly relevant, because often life-threatening, adverse effect of doxorubicin (Doxo)-based anticancer therapy. Here, we investigated the Doxo-response of cardiovascular stem/progenitor cells employing a mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC)-based in vitro differentiation model. Endothelial progenitor cells revealed a pronounced Doxo sensitivity as compared to mESC, differentiated endothelial-like (EC) and cardiomyocyte-like cells (CM) and CM progenitors, which rests on the activation of senescence. Doxo treatment of EC progenitors altered protein expression of individual endothelial markers, actin cytoskeleton morphology, mRNA expression of genes related to mitochondrial functions, autophagy, apoptosis, and DNA repair as well as mitochondrial DNA content, respiration and ATP production in the surviving differentiated EC progeny. By contrast, LDL uptake, ATP-stimulated Ca2+ release, and cytokine-stimulated ICAM-1 expression remained unaffected by the anthracycline treatment. Thus, exposure of EC progenitors to Doxo elicits isolated and persistent dysfunctions in the surviving EC progeny. In conclusion, we suggest that Doxo-induced injury of EC progenitors adds to anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, making this cell-type a preferential target for pharmacoprotective and regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Jahn
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Tatiana Hennicke
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias U Kassack
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Leonie Drews
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas S Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerhard Fritz
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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16
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Beauchamp P, Jackson CB, Ozhathil LC, Agarkova I, Galindo CL, Sawyer DB, Suter TM, Zuppinger C. 3D Co-culture of hiPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes With Cardiac Fibroblasts Improves Tissue-Like Features of Cardiac Spheroids. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:14. [PMID: 32118040 PMCID: PMC7033479 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Both cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts (CF) play essential roles in cardiac development, function, and remodeling. Properties of 3D co-cultures are incompletely understood. Hence, 3D co-culture of cardiomyocytes and CF was characterized, and selected features compared with single-type and 2D culture conditions. Methods: Human cardiomyocytes derived from induced-pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs) were obtained from Cellular Dynamics or Ncardia, and primary human cardiac fibroblasts from ScienCell. Cardiac spheroids were investigated using cryosections and whole-mount confocal microscopy, video motion analysis, scanning-, and transmission-electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), action potential recording, and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Results: Spheroids formed in hanging drops or in non-adhesive wells showed spontaneous contractions for at least 1 month with frequent media changes. SEM of mechanically opened spheroids revealed a dense inner structure and no signs of blebbing. TEM of co-culture spheroids at 1 month showed myofibrils, intercalated disc-like structures and mitochondria. Ultrastructural features were comparable to fetal human myocardium. We then assessed immunostained 2D cultures, cryosections of spheroids, and whole-mount preparations by confocal microscopy. CF in co-culture spheroids assumed a small size and shape similar to the situation in ventricular tissue. Spheroids made only of CF and cultured for 3 weeks showed no stress fibers and strongly reduced amounts of alpha smooth muscle actin compared to early spheroids and 2D cultures as shown by confocal microscopy, western blotting, and qPCR. The addition of CF to cardiac spheroids did not lead to arrhythmogenic effects as measured by sharp-electrode electrophysiology. Video motion analysis showed a faster spontaneous contraction rate in co-culture spheroids compared to pure hiPSC-CMs, but similar contraction amplitudes and kinetics. Spontaneous contraction rates were not dependent on spheroid size. Applying increasing pacing frequencies resulted in decreasing contraction amplitudes without positive staircase effect. Gene expression analysis of selected cytoskeleton and myofibrillar proteins showed more tissue-like expression patterns in co-culture spheroids than with cardiomyocytes alone or in 2D culture. Conclusion: We demonstrate that the use of 3D co-culture of hiPSC-CMs and CF is superior over 2D culture conditions for co-culture models and more closely mimicking the native state of the myocardium with relevance to drug development as well as for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Beauchamp
- Cardiology Department, DBMR MEM C812, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christopher B. Jackson
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- IKELOS GmbH, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Cristi L. Galindo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Biology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Douglas B. Sawyer
- Department of Cardiac Services, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | - Thomas M. Suter
- Cardiology Department, DBMR MEM C812, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Zuppinger
- Cardiology Department, DBMR MEM C812, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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17
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He H, Wang L, Qiao Y, Zhou Q, Li H, Chen S, Yin D, Huang Q, He M. Doxorubicin Induces Endotheliotoxicity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction via ROS/eNOS/NO Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1531. [PMID: 31998130 PMCID: PMC6965327 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Doxorubicin (Dox) can induce endotheliotoxicity and damage the vascular endothelium (VE). The most principle mechanism might be excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Nevertheless, the characteristics of ROS generation, downstream mechanisms, and target organelles in Dox-induced endotheliotoxicity have yet to be elucidated. Methods and Results: In order to explore the related problems, the VE injury models were established in mice and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by Dox-induced endotheliotoxicity. Results showed that the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase of mice’s serum increased after injected Dox. The thoracic aortic strips’ endothelium-dependent dilation was significantly impaired, seen noticeable inflammatory changes, and brown TUNEL-positive staining in microscopy. After Dox-treated, HUVECs viability lowered, LDH and caspase-3 activities, and apoptotic cells increased. Both intracellular/mitochondrial ROS generation significantly increased, and intracellular ROS generation lagged behind mitochondria. HUVECs treated with Dox plus ciclosporin A (CsA) could basically terminate ROS burst, but plus edaravone (Eda) could only delay or inhibit, but could not completely cancel ROS burst. Meanwhile, the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) decreased, especially phosphorylation of eNOS significantly. Then nitric oxide content decreased, the mitochondrial function was impaired, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) impeded, mitochondrial swelled, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) was opened, and cytochrome C was released from mitochondria into the cytosol. Conclusion: Dox produces excess ROS in the mitochondria, thereby weakens the MMP, opens mPTP, activates the ROS-induced ROS release mechanism, induces ROS burst, and leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn damages VE. Therefore, interrupting any step of the cycles, as mentioned above can end the related vicious cycle and prevent the occurrence and development of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Qiao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuping Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang, China
| | - Dong Yin
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ming He
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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18
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Touyz RM, Herrmann J. Cardiotoxicity with vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor therapy. NPJ Precis Oncol 2018; 2:13. [PMID: 30202791 PMCID: PMC5988734 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-018-0056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis inhibitors targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway (VSP) have been important additions in the therapy of various cancers, especially renal cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer. Bevazicumab, the first VSP to receive FDA approval in 2004 targeting all circulating isoforms of VEGF-A, has become one of the best-selling drugs of all times. The second wave of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which target the intracellular site of VEGF receptor kinases, began with the approval of sorafenib in 2005 and sunitinib in 2006. Heart failure was subsequently noted, in 2-4% of patients on bevacizumab and in 3-8% of patients on VSP-TKIs. The very fact that the single-targeted monoclonal antibody bevacizumab can induce cardiotoxicity supports a pathomechanistic role for the VSP and the postulate of the "vascular" nature of VSP inhibitor cardiotoxicity. In this review we will outline this scenario in greater detail, reflecting on hypertension and coronary artery disease as risk factors for VSP inhibitor cardiotoxicity, but also similarities with peripartum and diabetic cardiomyopathy. This leads to the concept that any preexisting or coexisting condition that reduces the vascular reserve or utilizes the vascular reserve for compensatory purposes may pose a risk factor for cardiotoxicity with VSP inhibitors. These conditions need to be carefully considered in cancer patients who are to undergo VSP inhibitor therapy. Such vigilance is not to exclude patients from such prognostically extremely important therapy but to understand the continuum and to recognize and react to any cardiotoxicity dynamics early on for superior overall outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhian M. Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
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19
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Torán JL, Aguilar S, López JA, Torroja C, Quintana JA, Santiago C, Abad JL, Gomes-Alves P, Gonzalez A, Bernal JA, Jiménez-Borreguero LJ, Alves PM, R-Borlado L, Vázquez J, Bernad A. CXCL6 is an important paracrine factor in the pro-angiogenic human cardiac progenitor-like cell secretome. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12490. [PMID: 28970523 PMCID: PMC5624898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11976-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in recent years have established that the principal effects in cardiac cell therapy are associated with paracrine/autocrine factors. We combined several complementary techniques to define human cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) secretome constituted by 914 proteins/genes; 51% of these are associated with the exosomal compartment. To define the set of proteins specifically or highly differentially secreted by CPC, we compared human mesenchymal stem cells and dermal fibroblasts; the study defined a group of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines expressed at high to medium levels by CPC. Among them, IL-1, GROa (CXCL1), CXCL6 (GCP2) and IL-8 are examples whose expression was confirmed by most techniques used. ELISA showed that CXCL6 is significantly overexpressed in CPC conditioned medium (CM) (18- to 26-fold) and western blot confirmed expression of its receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. Addition of anti-CXCL6 completely abolished migration in CPC-CM compared with anti-CXCR2, which promoted partial inhibition, and anti-CXCR1, which was inefficient. Anti-CXCL6 also significantly inhibited CPC CM angiogenic activity. In vivo evaluation also supported a relevant role for angiogenesis. Altogether, these results suggest a notable angiogenic potential in CPC-CM and identify CXCL6 as an important paracrine factor for CPC that signals mainly through CXCR2.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Cell Movement
- Chemokine CXCL1/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL1/metabolism
- Chemokine CXCL6/antagonists & inhibitors
- Chemokine CXCL6/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL6/metabolism
- Culture Media, Conditioned/chemistry
- Culture Media, Conditioned/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/cytology
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Interleukin-1/genetics
- Interleukin-1/metabolism
- Interleukin-8/genetics
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Male
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/drug effects
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myocardium/cytology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/genetics
- Paracrine Communication/genetics
- Proteome/genetics
- Proteome/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/drug effects
- Stem Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Torán
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Development and Repair Department, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Aguilar
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Development and Repair Department, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio López
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Melchor Fernaández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Torroja
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Quintana
- Cardiovascular Development and Repair Department, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cesar Santiago
- Department of Macromolecular Structures, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Abad
- Coretherapix SLU, Santiago Grisolia 2, 28769, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Gomes-Alves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Andrés Gonzalez
- Myocardial pathophysiology, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Bernal
- Myocardial pathophysiology, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Jesús Jiménez-Borreguero
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital de la Princesa, Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Marques Alves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Luis R-Borlado
- Coretherapix SLU, Santiago Grisolia 2, 28769, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Melchor Fernaández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Bernad
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Cardiovascular Development and Repair Department, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Zuppinger C, Gibbons G, Dutta-Passecker P, Segiser A, Most H, Suter TM. Characterization of cytoskeleton features and maturation status of cultured human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Eur J Histochem 2017; 61:2763. [PMID: 28735524 PMCID: PMC5484009 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2017.2763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent innovations in stem cell technologies and the availability of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have opened new possibilities for studies and drug testing on human cardiomyocytes in vitro. Still, there are concerns about the precise nature of such 'reprogrammed' cells. We have performed an investigation using immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy on several cellular features using commercially available hiPSC-CMs. For some selected developmentally regulated or cardiac chamber-specific proteins, we have compared the results from hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes with freshly isolated, ventricular cardiomyocytes from adult rats. The results show that all typical cardiac proteins are expressed in these hiPSC-CMs. Furthermore, intercalated disc-like structures, calcium cycling proteins, and myofibrils are present. However, some of these proteins are only known from early developmental stages of the ventricular myocardium or the diseased adult heart. A heterogeneous expression pattern in the cell population was noted for some muscle proteins, such as for myosin light chains, or incomplete organization in sarcomeres, such as for telethonin. These observations indicate that hiPSC-CMs can be considered genuine human cardiomyocytes of an early developmental state. The here described marker proteins of maturation may become instrumental in future studies attempting the improvement of cardiomyocyte in vitro models.
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21
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Wilkinson EL, Sidaway JE, Cross MJ. Cardiotoxic drugs Herceptin and doxorubicin inhibit cardiac microvascular endothelial cell barrier formation resulting in increased drug permeability. Biol Open 2016; 5:1362-1370. [PMID: 27543060 PMCID: PMC5087671 DOI: 10.1242/bio.020362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity induced by anti-cancer therapeutics is a severe, and potentially fatal, adverse reaction of the heart in response to certain drugs. Current in vitro approaches to assess cardiotoxicity have focused on analysing cardiomyocytes. More recently it has become apparent that non-cardiomyocyte cells of the heart can potentially contribute to cardiotoxicity. Herceptin and doxorubicin are known to induce cardiotoxicity in the clinic. The effect of these drugs on the endothelial tight junction barrier was tested by analysing tight junction formation and zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) levels, revealing that Herceptin and doxorubicin are able to induce barrier perturbment and decrease barrier function in human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs) leading to increased permeability. Herceptin treatment had no effect on the tight junction barrier function in human dermal and human brain microvascular endothelial cells. HCMECs showed detectable levels of HER2 compared with the other endothelial cells suggesting that Herceptin binding to HER2 in these cells may interfere with tight junction formation. Our data suggests that doxorubicin and Herceptin can affect tight junction formation in the cardiac microvasculature leading to increased drug permeability and adverse effects on the cardiac myocytes. Summary: The anti-cancer drugs doxorubicin and Herceptin can disrupt tight junction formation in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells resulting in increased permeability which could potentially contribute to drug-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Wilkinson
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - James E Sidaway
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK Molecular Toxicology, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Michael J Cross
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
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22
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Yang Y, Bu P. Progress on the cardiotoxicity of sunitinib: Prognostic significance, mechanism and protective therapies. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 257:125-31. [PMID: 27531228 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are multi-targeted anti-cancer agents effective in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and pancreatic cancer (PC). Targeting and inhibiting a wide range of oncogenically relevant receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), TKIs have been the golden standard treatment of several types of cancer. The cardiotoxicity of TKIs, however, has also emerged alongside their anti-cancer potencies and has attracted research attention. Over the past few years significant progress has been made in developing a deeper understanding of aspects such as extent of cardiotoxicity, prognostic implications and survival predictions, toxicological mechanisms, and potential cardioprotective therapies. In this review we focus on a typical TKI sunitinib and summarize the up-to-date knowledge of sunitinib-induced cardiac abnormalities reported in clinical studies, weighing their implications of prognostic values. We also examine recent findings in underlying mechanisms, and development of potential cardioprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peili Bu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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23
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Sun Z, Schriewer J, Tang M, Marlin J, Taylor F, Shohet RV, Konorev EA. The TGF-β pathway mediates doxorubicin effects on cardiac endothelial cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 90:129-38. [PMID: 26686989 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Elevated ALK4/5 ligands including TGF-β and activins have been linked to cardiovascular remodeling and heart failure. Doxorubicin (Dox) is commonly used as a model of cardiomyopathy, a condition that often precedes cardiovascular remodeling and heart failure. In 7-8-week-old C57Bl/6 male mice treated with Dox we found decreased capillary density, increased levels of ALK4/5 ligand and Smad2/3 transcripts, and increased expression of Smad2/3 transcriptional targets. Human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMVEC) treated with Dox also showed increased levels of ALK4/5 ligands, Smad2/3 transcriptional targets, a decrease in proliferation and suppression of vascular network formation in a HCMVEC and human cardiac fibroblasts co-culture assay. Our hypothesis is that the deleterious effects of Dox on endothelial cells are mediated in part by the activation of the TGF-β pathway. We used the inhibitor of ALK4/5 kinases SB431542 (SB) in concert with Dox to ascertain the role of TGF-β pathway activation in doxorubicin induced endothelial cell defects. SB prevented the suppression of HCMVEC proliferation in the presence of TGF-β2 and activin A, and alleviated the inhibition of HCMVEC proliferation by Dox. SB also prevented the suppression of vascular network formation in co-cultures of HCMVEC and human cardiac fibroblasts treated with Dox. Our results show that the inhibition of the TGF-β pathway alleviates the detrimental effects of Dox on endothelial cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyue Sun
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii-Hilo, USA
| | | | - Mingxin Tang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii-Manoa, USA
| | - Jerry Marlin
- Division of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University, USA
| | | | - Ralph V Shohet
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii-Manoa, USA
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24
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Cross MJ, Berridge BR, Clements PJM, Cove-Smith L, Force TL, Hoffmann P, Holbrook M, Lyon AR, Mellor HR, Norris AA, Pirmohamed M, Tugwood JD, Sidaway JE, Park BK. Physiological, pharmacological and toxicological considerations of drug-induced structural cardiac injury. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:957-74. [PMID: 25302413 PMCID: PMC4314188 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of drug-induced structural cardiotoxicity, which may lead to heart failure, has been recognized in association with the use of anthracycline anti-cancer drugs for many years, but has also been shown to occur following treatment with the new generation of targeted anti-cancer agents that inhibit one or more receptor or non-receptor tyrosine kinases, serine/threonine kinases as well as several classes of non-oncology agents. A workshop organized by the Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science (University of Liverpool) on 5 September 2013 and attended by industry, academia and regulatory representatives, was designed to gain a better understanding of the gaps in the field of structural cardiotoxicity that can be addressed through collaborative efforts. Specific recommendations from the workshop for future collaborative activities included: greater efforts to identify predictive (i) preclinical; and (ii) clinical biomarkers of early cardiovascular injury; (iii) improved understanding of comparative physiology/pathophysiology and the clinical predictivity of current preclinical in vivo models; (iv) the identification and use of a set of cardiotoxic reference compounds for comparative profiling in improved animal and human cellular models; (v) more sharing of data (through publication/consortia arrangements) on target-related toxicities; (vi) strategies to develop cardio-protective agents; and (vii) closer interactions between preclinical scientists and clinicians to help ensure best translational efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Cross
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK
| | - B R Berridge
- Safety Assessment, GlaxoSmithKlineResearch Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - P J M Clements
- David Jack Centre for Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKlineWare, Herts, UK
| | - L Cove-Smith
- Clinical & Experimental Pharmacology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of ManchesterManchester, UK
| | - T L Force
- Center for Translational Medicine and Cardiology Division, Temple University School of MedicinePhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - P Hoffmann
- Preclinical Safety, Novartis Pharm CorpEast Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - M Holbrook
- Safety Pharmacology, Covance Laboratories, Ltd.Harrogate, North Yorkshire, UK
| | - A R Lyon
- NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial CollegeLondon, UK
| | - H R Mellor
- Drug Safety Evaluation, Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe), Ltd.Abingdon, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - A A Norris
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK
| | - M Pirmohamed
- The Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK
| | - J D Tugwood
- Clinical & Experimental Pharmacology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of ManchesterManchester, UK
| | - J E Sidaway
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&DMacclesfield, UK
| | - B K Park
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK
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25
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Seymour JF, Pfreundschuh M, Trnĕný M, Sehn LH, Catalano J, Csinady E, Moore N, Coiffier B. R-CHOP with or without bevacizumab in patients with previously untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: final MAIN study outcomes. Haematologica 2014; 99:1343-9. [PMID: 24895339 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.100818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor is involved in lymphoma growth, suggesting a potential role for anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapies in hematologic malignancies. In this phase III study, patients with CD20-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma were randomized to rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone plus either placebo (R-CHOP) or bevacizumab (RA-CHOP). Treatment was administered every 21 (8 cycles) or 14 days (6 cycles plus 2 rituximab cycles) as per institutional practice. An early analysis of risk/benefit by the Data and Safety Monitoring Board showed that RA-CHOP increased cardiotoxicity without prolonging progression-free survival compared with R-CHOP, and the trial was stopped early. The study protocol was amended to allow for 12 additional months of follow up to evaluate safety. With 787 patients enrolled, median follow up was 23.7 and 23.6 months for R-CHOP and RA-CHOP, respectively. Median progression-free survival for R-CHOP and RA CHOP was 42.9 and 40.2 months, respectively (hazard ratio=1.09; P=0.49). The proportion of deaths was identical for R-CHOP (83 of 387, 21%) and RA-CHOP (82 of 390, 21%). Relative to R-CHOP, RA-CHOP had a higher rate of left ventricular ejection fraction perturbation (18% vs. 8%; odds ratio=2.51; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.60-3.93) and congestive heart failure (16% vs. 7%; odds ratio=2.79; 95%CI: 1.72-4.54). Bevacizumab added to R-CHOP increased cardiac events, without increasing efficacy, arguing against further evaluation of RA-CHOP in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The MAIN study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov identifier:00486759.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Seymour
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Marek Trnĕný
- General Hospital, Charles University First Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laurie H Sehn
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada
| | - John Catalano
- Frankston Hospital and Monash University, Frankston, Australia
| | - Eva Csinady
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Pharmaceuticals Division, PDCO, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Moore
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Pharmaceuticals, Biostatistics, Basel, Switzerland
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26
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Enzyme-activated nanoconjugates for tunable release of doxorubicin in hepatic cancer cells. Biomaterials 2013; 34:4655-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Xu LF, Ni JY, Sun HL, Chen YT, Wu YD. Effects of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α silencing on the proliferation of CBRH-7919 hepatoma cells. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:1749-1759. [PMID: 23555163 PMCID: PMC3607751 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i11.1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the effects of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) silencing on the proliferation of hypoxic CBRH-7919 rat hepatoma cells.
METHODS: The CBRH-7919 rat hepatoma cell line was used in this study and the hypoxic model was constructed using CoCl2. The HIF-1α-specific RNAi sequences were designed according to the gene coding sequence of rat HIF-1α obtained from GeneBank. The secondary structure of the HIF-1α gene sequence was analyzed using RNA draw software. The small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection mixture was produced by mixing the siRNA and Lipofectamine2000TM, and transfected into the hypoxic hepatoma cells. Real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting assay were used to detect the expression levels of mRNA and protein. HIF-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA was determined using real time RT-PCR; the protein expression levels of AKT, p-AKT, p21 and cyclinD1 were determined using Western blotting. The proliferation of hepatoma cells was observed using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation cell proliferation assay.
RESULTS: Under induced hypoxia, the viability of the hepatoma cells reached a minimum at 800 μmol/L CoCl2; the viability of the cells was relatively high at CoCl2 concentrations between 100 μmol/L and 200 μmol/L. Under hypoxia, the mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF-1α and VEGF were significantly higher than that of hepatoma cells that were cultured in normaxia. HIF-1α-specific RNAi sequences were successfully transfected into hepatoma cells. The transfection of specific siRNAs significantly inhibited the mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF-1α and VEGF, along with the protein expression levels of p-AKT and cyclinD1; the protein expression of p21 was significantly increased, and there was no significant difference in the expression of AKT. The MTT assay showed that the amount of hepatoma cells in S phase in the siRNA transfection group was obviously smaller than that in the control group; in the siRNA transfection group, the amount of hepatoma cells in G1 phase was more than that in the control group. The BrdU incorporation assay showed that the number of BrdU positive hepatoma cells in the siRNA transfection group was less than that in the control group. The data of the MTT assay and BrdU incorporation assay suggested that HIF-1α silencing using siRNAs significantly inhibited the proliferation of hepatoma cells.
CONCLUSION: Hypoxia increases the expression of HIF-1α, and HIF-1α silencing significantly inhibits the proliferation of hypoxic CBRH-7919 rat hepatoma cells.
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28
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Tocchetti CG, Gallucci G, Coppola C, Piscopo G, Cipresso C, Maurea C, Giudice A, Iaffaioli RV, Arra C, Maurea N. The emerging issue of cardiac dysfunction induced by antineoplastic angiogenesis inhibitors. Eur J Heart Fail 2013; 15:482-9. [PMID: 23325019 DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hft008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular dysfunction from anticancer drugs has emerged as a relevant problem in the clinical and scientific communities. Anthracycline toxicity has always been the most relevant, but with the increasing use of biological targeted therapies in treatment protocols, with an increasing number of cancer survivors, new toxicities have been increasing in more recent years. Cardiomyopathy after ErbB2 inhibitors has been intensively studied. Another important class of biological anticancer drugs are vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors. VEGF signalling is crucial for vascular growth, but it also has a major impact on myocardial function. Also, it is important to note that such angiogenesis inhibitors are multitargeted in most cases, and can produce a broad spectrum of cardiovascular side effects. Here we review the mechanisms and pathophysiology of the most significant cardiotoxic effects of antiangiogenic drugs, and particular attention is drawn to LV dysfunction, discussing the assessment and management on the basis of the most recent cardio-oncological findings and heart failure guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo G Tocchetti
- Division of Cardiology, National Cancer Institute, Pascale Foundation, Naples, Italy.
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