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Lu P, Fan J, Li B, Wang X, Song M. A novel protein encoded by circLARP1B promotes the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells by suppressing cAMP signaling. Atherosclerosis 2024; 395:117575. [PMID: 38851155 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Circular RNA (circRNA) is closely related to atherosclerosis (AS) incidence and progression, but its regulatory mechanism in AS needs further elucidation. AS development is significantly influenced by abnormal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) growth and migration. This study explored the potential protein role of circLARP1B in VSMC proliferation and migration. METHODS We performed whole-transcriptome sequencing in human normal arterial intima and advanced atherosclerotic plaques to screen for differentially expressed circRNAs. The sequencing results were combined with database analysis to screen for circRNAs with coding ability. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was utilized to assess circLARP1B expression levels in atherosclerotic plaque tissues and cells. circLARP1B-243aa function and pathway in VSMCs growth and migration were studied by scratch, transwell, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, cell counting kit-8, and Western blot experiments. RESULTS We found that circLARP1B was downregulated in atherosclerotic plaque tissue and promoted the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. circLARP1B encodes a novel protein with a length of 243 amino acids. Through functional experiments, we confirmed the role of circLARP1B-243aa in enhancing VSMCs migration and proliferation. Mechanistically, circLARP1B-243aa promotes VSMCs migration and growth by upregulating phosphodiesterase 4C to inhibit the cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that circLARP1B could promote VSMCs growth and migration through the encoded protein circLARP1B-243aa. Therefore, it could be a treatment target and biomarker for AS.
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MESH Headings
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Movement
- Humans
- RNA, Circular/metabolism
- RNA, Circular/genetics
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- SS-B Antigen
- Cells, Cultured
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Male
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, PR China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, PR China
| | - Jidan Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, PR China
| | - Ben Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, PR China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, PR China.
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, PR China.
| | - Meijuan Song
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, PR China.
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2
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Zhang Y, Ren Y, Li X, Li M, Fu M, Zhou W, Yu Y, Xiong Y. A review on decoding the roles of YAP/TAZ signaling pathway in cardiovascular diseases: Bridging molecular mechanisms to therapeutic insights. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132473. [PMID: 38795886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) serve as transcriptional co-activators that dynamically shuttle between the cytoplasm and nucleus, resulting in either the suppression or enhancement of their downstream gene expression. Recent emerging evidence demonstrates that YAP/TAZ is strongly implicated in the pathophysiological processes that contribute to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In the cardiovascular system, YAP/TAZ is involved in the orchestration of a range of biological processes such as oxidative stress, inflammation, proliferation, and autophagy. Furthermore, YAP/TAZ has been revealed to be closely associated with the initiation and development of various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, myocardial fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and cardiomyopathy. In this review, we delve into recent studies surrounding YAP and TAZ, along with delineating their roles in contributing to the pathogenesis of CVDs with a link to various physiological processes in the cardiovascular system. Additionally, we highlight the current potential drugs targeting YAP/TAZ for CVDs therapy and discuss their challenges for translational application. Overall, this review may offer novel insights for understanding and treating cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018, PR China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018, PR China
| | - Mingdi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Yuyan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, 710018 Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.
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3
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Elmarasi M, Elmakaty I, Elsayed B, Elsayed A, Zein JA, Boudaka A, Eid AH. Phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis, hypertension, and aortic dissection. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31200. [PMID: 38291732 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a critical role in regulating vasotone, and their phenotypic plasticity is a key contributor to the pathogenesis of various vascular diseases. Two main VSMC phenotypes have been well described: contractile and synthetic. Contractile VSMCs are typically found in the tunica media of the vessel wall, and are responsible for regulating vascular tone and diameter. Synthetic VSMCs, on the other hand, are typically found in the tunica intima and adventitia, and are involved in vascular repair and remodeling. Switching between contractile and synthetic phenotypes occurs in response to various insults and stimuli, such as injury or inflammation, and this allows VSMCs to adapt to changing environmental cues and regulate vascular tone, growth, and repair. Furthermore, VSMCs can also switch to osteoblast-like and chondrocyte-like cell phenotypes, which may contribute to vascular calcification and other pathological processes like the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. This provides discusses the mechanisms that regulate VSMC phenotypic switching and its role in the development of vascular diseases. A better understanding of these processes is essential for the development of effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elmarasi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ibrahim Elmakaty
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Basel Elsayed
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelrahman Elsayed
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jana Al Zein
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ammar Boudaka
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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4
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McNeill MC, Li Mow Chee F, Ebrahimighaei R, Sala-Newby GB, Newby AC, Hathway T, Annaiah AS, Joseph S, Carrabba M, Bond M. Substrate stiffness promotes vascular smooth muscle cell calcification by reducing the levels of nuclear actin monomers. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 187:65-79. [PMID: 38181546 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification (VC) is a prevalent independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events and is associated with diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms regulating the osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are not fully understood. METHODS Using hydrogels of tuneable stiffness and lysyl oxidase-mediated stiffening of human saphenous vein ex vivo, we investigated the role of substrate stiffness in the regulation of VSMC calcification. RESULTS We demonstrate that increased substrate stiffness enhances VSMC osteogenic differentiation and VSMC calcification. We show that the effects of substrate stiffness are mediated via a reduction in the level of actin monomer within the nucleus. We show that in cells interacting with soft substrate, elevated levels of nuclear actin monomer repress osteogenic differentiation and calcification by repressing YAP-mediated activation of both TEA Domain transcription factor (TEAD) and RUNX Family Transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). CONCLUSION This work highlights for the first time the role of nuclear actin in mediating substrate stiffness-dependent VSMC calcification and the dual role of YAP-TEAD and YAP-RUNX2 transcriptional complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C McNeill
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - F Li Mow Chee
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - R Ebrahimighaei
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - G B Sala-Newby
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - A C Newby
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - T Hathway
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - A S Annaiah
- Bristol Heart Institute, University Hospital, Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - S Joseph
- Bristol Heart Institute, University Hospital, Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - M Carrabba
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - M Bond
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom.
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5
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Ebrahimighaei R, Tarassova N, Bond SC, McNeill MC, Hathway T, Vohra H, Newby AC, Bond M. Extracellular matrix stiffness controls cardiac fibroblast proliferation via the nuclear factor-Y (NF-Y) transcription factor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119640. [PMID: 37996060 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The proliferative expansion of cardiac fibroblasts (CF) contributes towards cardiac fibrosis, which results in myocardial stiffening, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. CF sense and respond to increased stiffness of their local extracellular matrix, modulating their phenotype towards increased collagen synthesis and higher proliferation, leading potentially to a vicious circle of positive feedback. Here we describe a novel mechanism that mediates increased CF proliferation in response to a pathologically stiff Exteracellular matrix (ECM). The mechanism we describe is independent of the well-characterised mechano-sensitive transcript factors, YAP-TEAD and MKL1-SRF, which our data indicate are only responsible for part of the genes induced by stiffened ECM. Instead, our data identify Nuclear Factor-Y (NF-Y) as a novel mechanosensitive transcription factor, which mediates enhanced CF proliferation in response to a stiff ECM. We show that levels of NF-YA protein, the major regulatory subunit of NF-Y, and NF-Y transcriptional activity, are increased by a stiff ECM. Indeed, NF-Y activity drives the expression of multiple cell-cycle genes. Furthermore, NF-YA protein levels are dependent on FAK signalling suggesting a mechanistic link to ECM composition. Consistent with its role as a mechano-sensor, inhibition of NF-Y using siRNA or dominant negative mutant blocks CF proliferation on plastic in vitro, which models a stiff ECM, whereas ectopic expression of NF-YA increases the proliferation of cells interacting under conditions that model a physiologically soft ECM. In summary, our data demonstrate that NF-Y is a biomechanically sensitive transcription factor that promotes CF proliferation in a model of pathologically stiffened ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ebrahimighaei
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Tarassova
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom.
| | - Samuel C Bond
- Clifton High School, Clifton, Bristol, BS8 3JD, United Kingdom.
| | - Madeleine C McNeill
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom.
| | - Tom Hathway
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom.
| | - Hunaid Vohra
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrew C Newby
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom.
| | - Mark Bond
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom.
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6
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D'Addario CA, Matsumura S, Kitagawa A, Lainer GM, Zhang F, D'silva M, Khan MY, Froogh G, Gruzdev A, Zeldin DC, Schwartzman ML, Gupte SA. Global and endothelial G-protein coupled receptor 75 (GPR75) knockout relaxes pulmonary artery and mitigates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 153:107235. [PMID: 37742819 PMCID: PMC10841449 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a multifactorial disease with a poor prognosis and inadequate treatment options. We found two-fold higher expression of the orphan G-Protein Coupled Receptor 75 (GPR75) in leukocytes and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells from idiopathic PH patients and from lungs of C57BL/6 mice exposed to hypoxia. We therefore postulated that GPR75 signaling is critical to the pathogenesis of PH. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we exposed global (Gpr75-/-) and endothelial cell (EC) GPR75 knockout (EC-Gpr75-/-) mice and wild-type (control) mice to hypoxia (10% oxygen) or normal atmospheric oxygen for 5 weeks. We then recorded echocardiograms and performed right heart catheterizations. RESULTS Chronic hypoxia increased right ventricular systolic and diastolic pressures in wild-type mice but not Gpr75-/- or EC-Gpr75-/- mice. In situ hybridization and qPCR results revealed that Gpr75 expression was increased in the alveoli, airways and pulmonary arteries of mice exposed to hypoxia. In addition, levels of chemokine (CC motif) ligand 5 (CCL5), a low affinity ligand of GPR75, were increased in the lungs of wild-type, but not Gpr75-/-, mice exposed to hypoxia, and CCL5 enhanced hypoxia-induced contraction of intra-lobar pulmonary arteries in a GPR75-dependent manner. Gpr75 knockout also increased pulmonary cAMP levels and decreased contraction of intra-lobar pulmonary arteries evoked by endothelin-1 or U46619 in cAMP-protein kinase A-dependent manner. CONCLUSION These results suggest GPR75 has a significant role in the development of hypoxia-induced PH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shun Matsumura
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Atsushi Kitagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Gregg M Lainer
- Department of Cardiology, and Heart and Vascular Institute, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Frank Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Melinee D'silva
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Mohammad Y Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Ghezal Froogh
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Artiom Gruzdev
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | | | - Sachin A Gupte
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
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Raval AJ, Parikh JK, Desai MA. A review on the treatment of intimal hyperplasia with perivascular medical devices: role of mechanical factors and drug release kinetics. Expert Rev Med Devices 2023; 20:805-819. [PMID: 37559556 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2023.2244875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intimal hyperplasia (IH) is a significant factor limiting the success of revascularization surgery for blood flow restoration. IH results from a foreign body response and mechanical disparity that involves complex biochemical reactions resulting in graft failure. The available treatment option utilizes either different pharmacological interventions or mechanical support to the vascular grafts with limited success. AREAS COVERED This review explains the pathophysiology of IH, responsible mechanical and biological factors, and treatment options, emphasizing perivascular devices. They are designed to provide mechanical support and pharmacology actions. The perivascular drug delivery concept has successfully demonstrated efficacy in various animal studies. Accurate projections of drug release mechanisms using mathematical modeling could be used to formulate prolonged drug elution devices. Numerical modeling aspects for the prediction of design outcomes have been given due importance that fulfills the unmet clinical need for better patient care. EXPERT OPINION IH could be effectively prevented by simultaneous mechanical scaffolding and sustained local drug delivery. Future perivascular medical devices could be designed to integrate these essential features. Numerical modeling for device performance prediction should be utilized in the development of next-generation perivascular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur J Raval
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India
- Research and Development Department, Sahajanand Medical Technologies Ltd, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Jigisha K Parikh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Meghal A Desai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India
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Lee YJ, Park M, Kim HY, Kim JK, Kim WK, Lim SC, Kang KW. Circulating small extracellular vesicles promote proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells via AXL and MerTK activation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:984-998. [PMID: 36450791 PMCID: PMC10104856 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) after vascular injury lead to neointimal hyperplasia, thus aggravating vascular diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying neointima formation are not fully elucidated. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of various intercellular communications. The potential of EVs as regulators in cardiovascular diseases has raised significant interest. In the current study we investigated the role of circulating small extracellular vesicles (csEVs), the most abundant EVs (1010 EVs/mL serum) in VSMC functions. csEVs were prepared from bovine, porcine or rat serum. We showed that incubation with csEVs (0.5 × 1010-2 × 1010) dose-dependently enhanced the proliferation and migration of VSMCs via the membrane phosphatidylserine (PS). In rats with ligation of right carotid artery, we demonstrated that application of csEVs in the ligated vessels aggravated neointima formation via interaction of membrane PS with injury. Furthermore, incubation with csEVs markedly enhanced the phosphorylation of AXL and MerTK in VSMCs. Pretreatment with BSM777607 (pan-TAM inhibitor), bemcentinib (AXL inhibitor) or UNC2250 (MerTK inhibitor) blocked csEV-induced proliferation and migration of VSMCs. We revealed that csEV-activated AXL and MerTK shared the downstream signaling pathways of Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) that mediated the effects of csEVs. We also found that csEVs increased the expression of AXL through activation of transcription factor YAP, which might constitute an AXL-positive feedback loop to amplify the signals. Finally, we demonstrated that dual inhibition of AXL/MerTK by ONO-7475 (0.1 µM) effectively hindered csEV-mediated proliferation and migration of VSMCs in ex vivo mouse aorta injury model. Based on these results, we propose an essential role for csEVs in proliferation and migration of VSMCs and highlight the feasibility of dual AXL/MerTK inhibitors in the treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Joo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Miso Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ki Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ki Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, Medical school, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61453, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Li R, Huang W. Yes-Associated Protein and Transcriptional Coactivator with PDZ-Binding Motif in Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021666. [PMID: 36675179 PMCID: PMC9861006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP, also known as YAP1) and its paralogue TAZ (with a PDZ-binding motif) are transcriptional coactivators that switch between the cytoplasm and nucleus and regulate the organ size and tissue homeostasis. This review focuses on the research progress on YAP/TAZ signaling proteins in myocardial infarction, cardiac remodeling, hypertension and coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, and aortic disease. Based on preclinical studies on YAP/TAZ signaling proteins in cellular/animal models and clinical patients, the potential roles of YAP/TAZ proteins in some cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are summarized.
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10
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Déglise S, Bechelli C, Allagnat F. Vascular smooth muscle cells in intimal hyperplasia, an update. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1081881. [PMID: 36685215 PMCID: PMC9845604 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1081881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial occlusive disease is the leading cause of death in Western countries. Core contemporary therapies for this disease include angioplasties, stents, endarterectomies and bypass surgery. However, these treatments suffer from high failure rates due to re-occlusive vascular wall adaptations and restenosis. Restenosis following vascular surgery is largely due to intimal hyperplasia. Intimal hyperplasia develops in response to vessel injury, leading to inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cells dedifferentiation, migration, proliferation and secretion of extra-cellular matrix into the vessel's innermost layer or intima. In this review, we describe the current state of knowledge on the origin and mechanisms underlying the dysregulated proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in intimal hyperplasia, and we present the new avenues of research targeting VSMC phenotype and proliferation.
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11
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Ebrahimighaei R, Sala-Newby GB, Hudson C, Kimura TE, Hathway T, Hawkins J, McNeill MC, Richardson R, Newby AC, Bond M. Combined role for YAP-TEAD and YAP-RUNX2 signalling in substrate-stiffness regulation of cardiac fibroblast proliferation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119329. [PMID: 35905788 PMCID: PMC7616274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is associated with increased stiffness of the myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM) in part mediated by increased cardiac fibroblast proliferation However, our understanding of the mechanisms regulating cardiac fibroblast proliferation are incomplete. Here we characterise a novel mechanism involving a combined activation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) targets RUNX Family Transcription Factor 2 (RUNX2) and TEA Domain Transcription Factor (TEAD). We demonstrate that cardiac fibroblast proliferation is enhanced by interaction with a stiff ECM compared to a soft ECM. This is associated with activation of the transcriptional co-factor, YAP. We demonstrate that this stiffness induced activation of YAP enhances the transcriptional activity of both TEAD and RUNX2 transcription factors. Inhibition of either TEAD or RUNX2, using gene silencing, expression of dominant-negative mutants or pharmacological inhibition, reduces cardiac fibroblast proliferation. Using mutants of YAP, defective in TEAD or RUNX2 activation ability, we demonstrate a dual role of YAP-mediated activation of TEAD and RUNX2 for substrate stiffness induced cardiac fibroblast proliferation. Our data highlights a previously unrecognised role of YAP mediated RUNX2 activation for cardiac fibroblast proliferation in response to increased ECM stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ebrahimighaei
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Graciela B Sala-Newby
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Claire Hudson
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Tomomi E Kimura
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Tom Hathway
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Joseph Hawkins
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Madeleine C McNeill
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Rebecca Richardson
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Andrew C Newby
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Mark Bond
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.
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12
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Sawma T, Shaito A, Najm N, Sidani M, Orekhov A, El-Yazbi AF, Iratni R, Eid AH. Role of RhoA and Rho-associated kinase in phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells: Implications for vascular function. Atherosclerosis 2022; 358:12-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Karakaya C, van Turnhout MC, Visser VL, Ristori T, Bouten CVC, Sahlgren CM, Loerakker S. Notch signaling regulates strain-mediated phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:910503. [PMID: 36036000 PMCID: PMC9412035 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.910503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stimuli experienced by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and mechanosensitive Notch signaling are important regulators of vascular growth and remodeling. However, the interplay between mechanical cues and Notch signaling, and its contribution to regulate the VSMC phenotype are still unclear. Here, we investigated the role of Notch signaling in regulating strain-mediated changes in VSMC phenotype. Synthetic and contractile VSMCs were cyclically stretched for 48 h to determine the temporal changes in phenotypic features. Different magnitudes of strain were applied to investigate its effect on Notch mechanosensitivity and the phenotypic regulation of VSMCs. In addition, Notch signaling was inhibited via DAPT treatment and activated with immobilized Jagged1 ligands to understand the role of Notch on strain-mediated phenotypic changes of VSMCs. Our data demonstrate that cyclic strain induces a decrease in Notch signaling along with a loss of VSMC contractile features. Accordingly, the activation of Notch signaling during cyclic stretching partially rescued the contractile features of VSMCs. These findings demonstrate that Notch signaling has an important role in regulating strain-mediated phenotypic switching of VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Karakaya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Mark C. van Turnhout
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Valery L. Visser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Tommaso Ristori
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Carlijn V. C. Bouten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Cecilia M. Sahlgren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Sandra Loerakker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Sandra Loerakker,
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14
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Liu XY, Zhou K, Tian KJ, Yan BJ, Ren Z, Zhou ZX, Xiong WH, Jiang ZS. Hippo: a new hub for atherosclerotic disease. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1321-1328. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220428090540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Hippo,an evolutionarily conserved kinase cascade reaction in organisms,can respond to a set of signals,such as mechanical signals and cell metabolism,to maintain cell growth,differentiation,tissue/organ development and homeostasis.In the past ten years,HIPPO has controlled the development of tissues and organs by regulating the process of cell proliferation,especially in the field of cardiac regeneration after myocardial infarction.This suggests that HIPPO signaling is closely linked to cardiovascular disease.Atherosclerosis is the most common disease of the cardiovascular system. It is characterised by chronic inflammation of the vascular wall, mainly involving dysfunction of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and macrophages.Oxidized Low density lipoprotein (LDL) damages the barrier function of endothelial cells, which enter the middle membrane of the vascular wall, accelerates the formation of foam cells and promotes the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis.Autophagy is associated with the development of atherosclerosis.However, the mechanism of HIPPO regulation of atherosclerosis has not meant to clarified.In view of the pivotal role of this signaling pathway in maintaining cell growth,proliferation and differentiation,the imbalance of Hippo is related to atherosclerosis and related diseases.In this review,we emphasized Hippo as a hub for regulating atherosclerosis and discussed its potential targets in pathophysiology,human diseases,and related pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Yan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China, 421001
| | - Kun Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China, 421001
| | - Kai-Jiang Tian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China, 421001
| | - Bin-Jie Yan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China, 421001
| | - Zhong Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China, 421001
| | - Zhi-Xiang Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China, 421001
| | - Wen-Hao Xiong
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China, 421001
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China, 421001
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15
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Cyclic-AMP Increases Nuclear Actin Monomer Which Promotes Proteasomal Degradation of RelA/p65 Leading to Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091414. [PMID: 35563720 PMCID: PMC9101168 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The second messenger, cAMP has potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions. These have been attributed, in part, to the ability of cAMP-induced signals to interfere with the function of the proinflammatory transcription factor Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB). However, the mechanisms underlying the modulation of NF-κB activity by cAMP remain unclear. Here we demonstrate an important role for cAMP-mediated increase in nuclear actin monomer levels in inhibiting NF-κB activity. Elevated cAMP or forced expression of a nuclear localised polymerisation defective actin mutant (NLS-ActinR62D) inhibited basal and TNFα induced mRNA levels of NF-κB-dependent genes and NF-κB-dependent reporter gene activity. Elevated cAMP or NLS-ActinR62D did not affect NF-κB nuclear translocation but did reduce total cellular and nuclear RelA/p65 levels. Preventing the cAMP-induced increase in nuclear actin monomer, either by expressing a nuclear localised active mutant of the actin polymerising protein mDIA, silencing components of the nuclear actin import complex IPO9 and CFL1 or overexpressing the nuclear export complex XPO6, rescued RelA/p65 levels and NF-κB reporter gene activity in forskolin-stimulated cells. Elevated cAMP or NLS-ActinR62D reduced the half-life of RelA/p65, which was reversed by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Accordingly, forskolin stimulated association of RelA/p65 with ubiquitin affinity beads, indicating increased ubiquitination of RelA/p65 or associated proteins. Taken together, our data demonstrate a novel mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of cAMP and highlight the important role played by nuclear actin in the regulation of inflammation.
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16
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Liu S, Lin Z. Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Mechanosensitive Regulators and Vascular Remodeling. J Vasc Res 2021; 59:90-113. [PMID: 34937033 DOI: 10.1159/000519845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are subjected to mechanical loads of pressure and flow, inducing smooth muscle circumferential and endothelial shear stresses. The perception and response of vascular tissue and living cells to these stresses and the microenvironment they are exposed to are critical to their function and survival. These mechanical stimuli not only cause morphological changes in cells and vessel walls but also can interfere with biochemical homeostasis, leading to vascular remodeling and dysfunction. However, the mechanisms underlying how these stimuli affect tissue and cellular function, including mechanical stimulation-induced biochemical signaling and mechanical transduction that relies on cytoskeletal integrity, are unclear. This review focuses on signaling pathways that regulate multiple biochemical processes in vascular mesangial smooth muscle cells in response to circumferential stress and are involved in mechanosensitive regulatory molecules in response to mechanotransduction, including ion channels, membrane receptors, integrins, cytoskeletal proteins, nuclear structures, and cascades. Mechanoactivation of these signaling pathways is closely associated with vascular remodeling in physiological or pathophysiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangmin Liu
- Ji Hua Institute of Biomedical Engineering Technology, Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, China, .,Medical Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Zhanyi Lin
- Ji Hua Institute of Biomedical Engineering Technology, Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, China.,Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Du Y, Demillard LJ, Ren J. Catecholamine-induced cardiotoxicity: A critical element in the pathophysiology of stroke-induced heart injury. Life Sci 2021; 287:120106. [PMID: 34756930 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases such as ischemic stroke, brain hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage provoke cardiac complications such as heart failure, neurogenic stress-related cardiomyopathy and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. With regards to the pathophysiology of stroke-induced heart injury, several mechanisms have been postulated to contribute to this complex interaction between brain and heart, including damage from gut dysbiosis, immune and systematic inflammatory responses, microvesicle- and microRNA-mediated vascular injury and damage from a surge of catecholamines. All these cerebrovascular diseases may trigger pronounced catecholamine surges through diverse ways, including stimulation of hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis, dysregulation of autonomic system, and secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone. Primary catecholamines involved in this pathophysiological response include norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine. Both are important neurotransmitters that connect the nervous system with the heart, leading to cardiac damage via myocardial ischemia, calcium (Ca2+) overload, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we will aim to summarize the molecular mechanisms behind catecholamine-induced cardiotoxicity including Ca2+ overload, oxidative stress, apoptosis, cardiac hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and inflammation. In addition, we will focus on how synchronization among these pathways evokes cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Du
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Laurie J Demillard
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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18
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Chakraborty R, Chatterjee P, Dave JM, Ostriker AC, Greif DM, Rzucidlo EM, Martin KA. Targeting smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching in vascular disease. JVS Vasc Sci 2021; 2:79-94. [PMID: 34617061 PMCID: PMC8489222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The phenotypic plasticity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is central to vessel growth and remodeling, but also contributes to cardiovascular pathologies. New technologies including fate mapping, single cell transcriptomics, and genetic and pharmacologic inhibitors have provided fundamental new insights into the biology of VSMC. The goal of this review is to summarize the mechanisms underlying VSMC phenotypic modulation and how these might be targeted for therapeutic benefit. Methods We summarize findings from extensive literature searches to highlight recent discoveries in the mechanisms underlying VSMC phenotypic switching with particular relevance to intimal hyperplasia. PubMed was searched for publications between January 2001 and December 2020. Search terms included VSMCs, restenosis, intimal hyperplasia, phenotypic switching or modulation, and drug-eluting stents. We sought to highlight druggable pathways as well as recent landmark studies in phenotypic modulation. Results Lineage tracing methods have determined that a small number of mature VSMCs dedifferentiate to give rise to oligoclonal lesions in intimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis. In atherosclerosis and aneurysm, single cell transcriptomics reveal a striking diversity of phenotypes that can arise from these VSMCs. Mechanistic studies continue to identify new pathways that influence VSMC phenotypic plasticity. We review the mechanisms by which the current drug-eluting stent agents prevent restenosis and note remaining challenges in peripheral and diabetic revascularization for which new approaches would be beneficial. We summarize findings on new epigenetic (DNA methylation/TET methylcytosine dioxygenase 2, histone deacetylation, bromodomain proteins), transcriptional (Hippo/Yes-associated protein, peroxisome proliferator-activity receptor-gamma, Notch), and β3-integrin-mediated mechanisms that influence VSMC phenotypic modulation. Pharmacologic and genetic targeting of these pathways with agents including ascorbic acid, histone deacetylase or bromodomain inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, and integrin inhibitors suggests potential therapeutic value in the setting of intimal hyperplasia. Conclusions Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie the remarkable plasticity of VSMCs may lead to novel approaches to treat and prevent cardiovascular disease and restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Payel Chatterjee
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Jui M Dave
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Allison C Ostriker
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Daniel M Greif
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Eva M Rzucidlo
- Department Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, McLeod Regional Medical Center, Florence, SC
| | - Kathleen A Martin
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
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19
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Li J, Fang Y, Wu D. Mechanical forces and metabolic changes cooperate to drive cellular memory and endothelial phenotypes. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2021; 87:199-253. [PMID: 34696886 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells line the innermost layer of arterial, venous, and lymphatic vascular tree and accordingly are subject to hemodynamic, stretch, and stiffness mechanical forces. Normally quiescent, endothelial cells have a hemodynamic set point and become "activated" in response to disturbed hemodynamics, which may signal impending nutrient or gas depletion. Endothelial cells in the majority of tissue beds are normally inactivated and maintain vessel barrier functions, are anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, and anti-thrombotic. However, under aberrant mechanical forces, endothelial signaling transforms in response, resulting cellular changes that herald pathological diseases. Endothelial cell metabolism is now recognized as the primary intermediate pathway that undergirds cellular transformation. In this review, we discuss the various mechanical forces endothelial cells sense in the large vessels, microvasculature, and lymphatics, and how changes in environmental mechanical forces result in changes in metabolism, which ultimately influence cell physiology, cellular memory, and ultimately disease initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yun Fang
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - David Wu
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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20
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Lv H, Ai D. Hippo/yes-associated protein signaling functions as a mechanotransducer in regulating vascular homeostasis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 162:158-165. [PMID: 34547259 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cells are constantly exposed to various mechanical forces, including hydrostatic pressure, cyclic stretch, fluid shear stress, and extracellular matrix stiffness. Mechanical cues can be translated into the cell-specific transcriptional process by a cellular mechanic-transducer. Evidence suggests that mechanical signals assist activated intracellular signal transduction pathways and the relative phenotypic adaptation to coordinate cell behavior and disease appropriately. The Hippo/yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling pathway is regulated in response to numerous mechanical stimuli. It plays an important role in the mechanotransduction mechanism, which converts mechanical forces to cascades of molecular signaling to modulate gene expression. This review summarizes the recent findings relevant to the Hippo/YAP pathway-based mechanotransduction in cell behavior and maintaining blood vessels, as well as cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ion and Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ding Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ion and Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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21
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Sun C, He B, Sun M, Lv X, Wang F, Chen J, Zhang J, Ye Z, Wen J, Liu P. Yes-Associated Protein in Atherosclerosis and Related Complications: A Potential Therapeutic Target That Requires Further Exploration. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:704208. [PMID: 34513949 PMCID: PMC8430249 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.704208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and its complications diseases remain leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, bringing a massive burden on public health worldwide. Atherosclerosis is recognized as chronic inflammation, and involves several highly correlated processes, including lipid metabolism dysfunction, endothelial cell dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular smooth muscle cell activation, platelet activation, thrombosis, altered matrix metabolism, and vascular remodeling. Within the past few decades, accumulating evidence has shown that the Yes-associated protein (YAP), the major effector of the Hippo pathway, can play a crucial role in pathogenesis and development of atherosclerosis. Activation of YAP-related pathways, which are induced by alerting flow pattern and matrix stiffness among others, can regulate processes including vascular endothelial cell dysfunction, monocyte infiltration, and smooth muscle cell migration, which contribute to atherosclerotic lesion formation. Further, YAP potentially modulates atherosclerotic complications such as vascular calcification and intraplaque hemorrhage, which require further investigation. Here, we summarized the relevant literature to outline current findings detailing the relationship between of YAP and atherosclerosis and highlight areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congrui Sun
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bin He
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingsheng Sun
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoshuo Lv
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhidong Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyan Wen
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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22
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Dysregulated Expression of Arterial MicroRNAs and Their Target Gene Networks in Temporal Arteries of Treatment-Naïve Patients with Giant Cell Arteritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126520. [PMID: 34204585 PMCID: PMC8234166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we explored expression of microRNA (miR), miR-target genes and matrix remodelling molecules in temporal artery biopsies (TABs) from treatment-naïve patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA, n = 41) and integrated these analyses with clinical, laboratory, ultrasound and histological manifestations of GCA. NonGCA patients (n = 4) served as controls. GCA TABs exhibited deregulated expression of several miRs (miR-21-5p, -145-5p, -146a-5p, -146b-5p, -155-5p, 424-3p, -424-5p, -503-5p), putative miR-target genes (YAP1, PELI1, FGF2, VEGFA, KLF4) and matrix remodelling factors (MMP2, MMP9, TIMP1, TIPM2) with key roles in Toll-like receptor signaling, mechanotransduction and extracellular matrix biology. MiR-424-3p, -503-5p, KLF4, PELI1 and YAP1 were identified as new deregulated molecular factors in GCA TABs. Quantities of miR-146a-5p, YAP1, PELI1, FGF2, TIMP2 and MMP9 were particularly high in histologically positive GCA TABs with occluded temporal artery lumen. MiR-424-5p expression in TABs and the presence of facial or carotid arteritis on ultrasound were associated with vision disturbances in GCA patients. Correlative analysis of miR-mRNA quantities demonstrated a highly interrelated expression network of deregulated miRs and mRNAs in temporal arteries and identified KLF4 as a candidate target gene of deregulated miR-21-5p, -146a-5p and -155-5p network in GCA TABs. Meanwhile, arterial miR and mRNA expression did not correlate with constitutive symptoms and signs of GCA, elevated markers of systemic inflammation nor sonographic characteristics of GCA. Our study provides new insights into GCA pathophysiology and uncovers new candidate biomarkers of vision impairment in GCA.
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23
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Osman I, Dong K, Kang X, Yu L, Xu F, Ahmed ASI, He X, Shen J, Hu G, Zhang W, Zhou J. YAP1/TEAD1 upregulate platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta to promote vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointima formation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 156:20-32. [PMID: 33753119 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the transcription co-factor yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) promotes vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) de-differentiation. Yet, the role and underlying mechanisms of YAP1 in neointima formation in vivo remain unclear. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of VSMC-expressed YAP1 in vascular injury-induced VSMC proliferation and delineate the mechanisms underlying its action. Experiments employing gain- or loss-of-function of YAP1 demonstrated that YAP1 promotes human VSMC proliferation. Mechanistically, we identified platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB) as a novel YAP1 target gene that confers the YAP1-dependent hyper-proliferative effects in VSMCs. Furthermore, we identified TEA domain transcription factor 1 (TEAD1) as a key transcription factor that mediates YAP1-dependent PDGFRβ expression. ChIP assays demonstrated that TEAD1 is enriched at a PDGFRB gene enhancer. Luciferase reporter assays further demonstrated that YAP1 and TEAD1 co-operatively activate the PDGFRB enhancer. Consistent with these observations, we found that YAP1 expression is upregulated after arterial injury and correlates with PDGFRβ expression and VSMC proliferation in vivo. Using a novel inducible SM-specific Yap1 knockout mouse model, we found that the specific deletion of Yap1 in adult VSMCs is sufficient to attenuate arterial injury-induced neointima formation, largely due to inhibited PDGFRβ expression and VSMC proliferation. Our study unravels a novel mechanism by which YAP1/TEAD1 promote VSMC proliferation via transcriptional induction of PDGFRβ, thereby enhancing PDGF-BB downstream signaling and promoting neointima formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Osman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Kunzhe Dong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Xiuhua Kang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Luyi Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Abu Shufian Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Xiangqin He
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiliang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States.
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Manno G, Filorizzo C, Fanale D, Brando C, Di Lisi D, Lunetta M, Bazan V, Russo A, Novo G. Role of the HIPPO pathway as potential key player in the cross talk between oncology and cardiology. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 159:103246. [PMID: 33545354 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIPPO pathway (HP) is a highly conserved kinase cascade that affects organ size by regulating proliferation, cell survival and differentiation. Discovered in Drosophila melanogaster to early 2000, it immediately opened wide frontiers in the field of research. Over the last years the field of knowledge on HP is quickly expanding and it is thought will offer many answers on complex pathologies. Here, we summarized the results of several studies that have investigated HP signaling both in oncology than in cardiology field, with an overview on future perspectives in cardiology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girolamo Manno
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital P. Giaccone, Department of Excellence of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mothernal-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Specialities (ProMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", Palermo, Italy
| | - Clarissa Filorizzo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Fanale
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Brando
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Lisi
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital P. Giaccone, Department of Excellence of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mothernal-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Specialities (ProMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", Palermo, Italy
| | - Monica Lunetta
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital P. Giaccone, Department of Excellence of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mothernal-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Specialities (ProMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Bazan
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Medical Oncology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Novo
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital P. Giaccone, Department of Excellence of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mothernal-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Specialities (ProMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", Palermo, Italy
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Spadaccio C, Antoniades C, Nenna A, Chung C, Will R, Chello M, Gaudino MFL. Preventing treatment failures in coronary artery disease: what can we learn from the biology of in-stent restenosis, vein graft failure, and internal thoracic arteries? Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:505-519. [PMID: 31397850 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the availability of percutaneous or surgical revascularization procedures significantly improves survival. However, both strategies are daunted by complications which limit long-term effectiveness. In-stent restenosis (ISR) is a major drawback for intracoronary stenting, while graft failure is the limiting factor for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), especially using veins. Conversely, internal thoracic artery (ITA) is known to maintain long-term patency in CABG. Understanding the biology and pathophysiology of ISR and vein graft failure (VGF) and mechanisms behind ITA resistance to failure is crucial to combat these complications in CAD treatment. This review intends to provide an overview of the biological mechanisms underlying stent and VGF and of the potential therapeutic strategy to prevent these complications. Interestingly, despite being different modalities of revascularization, mechanisms of failure of stent and saphenous vein grafts are very similar from the biological standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Spadaccio
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank, G81 4DY Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Antonio Nenna
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Calvin Chung
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank, G81 4DY Glasgow, UK
| | - Ricardo Will
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank, G81 4DY Glasgow, UK
| | - Massimo Chello
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario F L Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Daoud F, Holmberg J, Alajbegovic A, Grossi M, Rippe C, Swärd K, Albinsson S. Inducible Deletion of YAP and TAZ in Adult Mouse Smooth Muscle Causes Rapid and Lethal Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:623-637. [PMID: 32992050 PMCID: PMC7806867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS YAP (Yap1) and TAZ (Wwtr1) are transcriptional co-activators and downstream effectors of the Hippo pathway, which play crucial roles in organ size control and cancer pathogenesis. Genetic deletion of YAP/TAZ has shown their critical importance for embryonic development of the heart, vasculature, and gastrointestinal mesenchyme. The aim of this study was to determine the functional role of YAP/TAZ in adult smooth muscle cells in vivo. METHODS Because YAP and TAZ are mutually redundant, we used YAP/TAZ double-floxed mice crossed with mice that express tamoxifen-inducible CreERT2 recombinase driven by the smooth muscle-specific myosin heavy chain promoter. RESULTS Double-knockout of YAP/TAZ in adult smooth muscle causes lethality within 2 weeks, mainly owing to colonic pseudo-obstruction, characterized by severe distension and fecal impaction. RNA sequencing in colon and urinary bladder showed that smooth muscle markers and muscarinic receptors were down-regulated in the YAP/TAZ knockout. The same transcripts also correlated with YAP/TAZ in the human colon. Myograph experiments showed reduced contractility to depolarization by potassium chloride and a nearly abolished muscarinic contraction and spontaneous activity in colon rings of YAP/TAZ knockout. CONCLUSIONS YAP and TAZ in smooth muscle are guardians of colonic contractility and control expression of contractile proteins and muscarinic receptors. The knockout model has features of human chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction and may be useful for studying this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sebastian Albinsson
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Sebastian Albinsson, PhD, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC D12, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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Yu Y, Su X, Qin Q, Hou Y, Zhang X, Zhang H, Jia M, Chen Y. Yes-associated protein and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif as new targets in cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:105009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ai LQY, Zhu JY, Chen X, Li X, Luo LL, Hu QM, Lin S, Ye J. Endothelial Yes-Associated Protein 1 Promotes Astrocyte Proliferation and Maturation via Cytoplasmic Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Secretion in Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:1. [PMID: 32271890 PMCID: PMC7401846 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Purpose The role of endothelial Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) in the pathogenesis of retinal angiogenesis and the astrocyte network in the mouse oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model is unknown. Methods For in vivo studies, OIR was induced in conditional endothelial YAP knockout mice and their wild-type littermates. Retinal vascularization and the astrocyte network were evaluated by whole-mount fluorescence and Western blotting. In vitro experiments were performed in astrocytes cultured with human microvascular endothelial cell-1–conditioned medium to analyze the mechanisms underlying the effect of endothelial YAP on astrocytes. Results Endothelial YAP deletion not only impaired retinal blood vessels, but also caused a sparse and disrupted astrocyte network in response to OIR. Levels of the immature astrocyte marker (platelet-derived growth factor A) in the retina were substantially increased owing to YAP deficiency, suggesting a possible failure in astrocyte maturation, whereas retinal expression of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was decreased. In vitro studies suggested that loss or overexpression of YAP resulted in elevated or decreased LIF secretion by human microvascular endothelial cell-1, respectively. Increased LIF levels in the culture medium promoted astrocyte maturation and proliferation and rescued YAP inhibition-induced astrocyte loss. Finally, activating YAP could protect against the pathology of the astrocyte network and even suppress pathologic retinal vascularization in control OIR mice, but not in endothelial YAP-deficient OIR mice. Conclusions Endothelial YAP regulation of LIF secretion is required for normalized astrocyte network formation in OIR, thereby providing a novel target for protecting the astrocyte network and thus benefiting retinal blood vessels.
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Yang Q, Lei D, Huang S, Yang Y, Jiang C, Shi H, Chen W, Zhao Q, You Z, Ye X. A novel biodegradable external stent regulates vein graft remodeling via the Hippo-YAP and mTOR signaling pathways. Biomaterials 2020; 258:120254. [PMID: 32805499 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) has been confirmed to effectively improve the prognosis of coronary artery disease, which is a major public health concern worldwide. As the most frequently used conduits in CABG, saphenous vein grafts have the disadvantage of being susceptible to restenosis due to intimal hyperplasia. To meet the urgent clinical demand, adopting external stents (eStents) and illuminating the potential mechanisms underlying their function are important for preventing vein graft failure. Here, using 4-axis printing technology, we fabricated a novel biodegradable and flexible braided eStent, which exerts excellent inhibitory effect on intimal hyperplasia. The stented grafts downregulate Yes-associated protein (YAP), indicating that the eStent regulates vein graft remodeling via the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. Further, as a drug-delivery vehicle, a rapamycin (RM)-coated eStent was designed to amplify the inhibitory effect of eStent on intimal hyperplasia through the synergistic effects of the Hippo and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways. Overall, this study uncovers the underlying mechanisms of eStent function and identifies a new therapeutic target for the prevention of vein graft restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Dong Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials (Donghua University), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Shixing Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chenyu Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hongpeng Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wenyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials (Donghua University), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Zhengwei You
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials (Donghua University), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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EPAC in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145160. [PMID: 32708284 PMCID: PMC7404248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are major components of blood vessels. They regulate physiological functions, such as vascular tone and blood flow. Under pathological conditions, VSMCs undergo a remodeling process known as phenotypic switching. During this process, VSMCs lose their contractility and acquire a synthetic phenotype, where they over-proliferate and migrate from the tunica media to the tunica interna, contributing to the occlusion of blood vessels. Since their discovery as effector proteins of cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP), exchange proteins activated by cAMP (EPACs) have been shown to play vital roles in a plethora of pathways in different cell systems. While extensive research to identify the role of EPAC in the vasculature has been conducted, much remains to be explored to resolve the reported discordance in EPAC’s effects. In this paper, we review the role of EPAC in VSMCs, namely its regulation of the vascular tone and phenotypic switching, with the likely involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the interplay between EPAC and its targets/effectors.
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OGT knockdown counteracts high phosphate-induced vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease through autophagy activation by downregulating YAP. Life Sci 2020; 261:118121. [PMID: 32693242 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Pathological vascular calcification (VC), a major risk factor for cardiovascular mortality, is a highly prevalent finding in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We previously analyzed several pathways protecting against high phosphate-induced VC through induction of autophagy. Here, we explored how O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) affected high phosphate-induced VC of CKD though mediation of autophagy. MAIN METHODS In the rats with CKD induced by 5/6 nephrectomy, the VC process was accelerated by a high phosphate diet. The calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) was induced by high phosphate treatment. We then experimentally tested the effect of OGT on high phosphate-induced VC by conducting loss-of-function experiments. Co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays were performed to evaluate interaction between OGT and Yes-associated protein (YAP). In mechanistic studies of this pathway, we measured autophagy protein expression and autophagosome formation, as well as calcium deposition and calcium content in VSMCs and in vivo in response to altered expression of OGT and/or YAP. KEY FINDINGS OGT was up-regulated in high phosphate-induced VC models in vitro and in vivo. High phosphate-induced calcification in the rat aorta and VSMCs were suppressed by OGT silencing. OGT promoted the glycosylation of YAP to enhance its stability. Importantly, over-expressing YAP reduced autophagy and OGT expedited high phosphate-induced VC by inhibiting autophagy through upregulation of YAP. SIGNIFICANCE OGT silencing downregulated YAP to induce autophagy activation, thus suppressing high phosphate-induced VC, which highlighted a promising preventive target against high phosphate-induced VC in CKD.
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McNeill MC, Wray J, Sala-Newby GB, Hindmarch CCT, Smith SA, Ebrahimighaei R, Newby AC, Bond M. Nuclear actin regulates cell proliferation and migration via inhibition of SRF and TEAD. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118691. [PMID: 32119877 PMCID: PMC7262588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Actin dynamics regulate cell behaviour in response to physiological signals. Here we demonstrate a novel role for nuclear actin in inhibiting cell proliferation and migration. We demonstrate that physiological signals that elevate cAMP, which is anti-mitogenic in vascular smooth muscle cells, increases nuclear actin monomer levels. Expression of a nuclear-targeted polymerisation-defective actin mutant (NLS-ActinR62D) inhibited proliferation and migration. Preventing nuclear actin monomer accumulation by enhancing its nuclear export or polymerisation reversed the anti-mitogenic and anti-migratory effects of cAMP. Transcriptomic analysis identified repression of proliferation and migration associated genes regulated by serum response factor (SRF) and TEA Domain (TEAD) transcription factors. Accordingly, NLS-ActinR62D inhibited SRF and TEAD activity and target gene expression, and these effects were reversed by constitutively-active mutants of the TEAD and SRF co-factors YAP, TAZ and MKL1. In summary, intranuclear actin inhibits proliferation and migration by inhibiting YAP-TEAD and MKL-SRF activity. This mechanism explains the anti-mitogenic and anti-migratory properties of physiological signals that elevate cAMP. SUMMARY: McNeill et al show that increased levels of intranuclear actin monomer inhibit cell proliferation and migration by inhibiting MKL1-SRF and YAP/TAZ-TEAD-dependent gene expression. This mechanism mediates the anti-mitogenic and anti-migratory effects of physiological signals that elevate cyclic-AMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine C McNeill
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Jason Wray
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Graciela B Sala-Newby
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Charles C T Hindmarch
- Queen's Cardiopulmonary Unit (QCPU), Translational Institute of Medicine (TIME), Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Sarah A Smith
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Reza Ebrahimighaei
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Andrew C Newby
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Mark Bond
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.
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Sun X, Li S, Gan X, Chen K, Yang D, Yang Y. NF2 deficiency accelerates neointima hyperplasia following vascular injury via promoting YAP-TEAD1 interaction in vascular smooth muscle cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:9726-9744. [PMID: 32422606 PMCID: PMC7288949 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibromin 2 (NF2), a potent tumor suppressor, is reported to inhibit proliferation in several cell types. The role of NF2 in neointima hyperplasia after vascular injury is unknown. We explored the role of NF2 in proliferation, migration of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) and neointima hyperplasia after vascular injury. NF2 phosphorylation was elevated in VSMC subjected to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB and in artery subjected to vascular injury. Mice deficient for Nf2 in VSMC showed enhanced neointima hyperplasia after injury, increased proliferation and migration of VSMC after PDGF-BB treatment. Mechanistically, we observed increased nuclear p-NF2, declined p-Yes-Associated Protein (YAP), nuclear translocation of YAP after PDGF-BB treatment or injury. NF2 knockdown or YAP overexpression showed similar phenotype in VSMC proliferation, migration and neointima hyperplasia. YAP inhibition abolished the above effects mediated by NF2 knockdown. Finally, NF2 knockdown further promoted YAP-TEA Domain Transcription Factor 1 (TEAD1) interaction after PDGF-BB treatment. Inhibition of TEAD1 blocked PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation and migration, which were not reversed by either NF2 knockdown or YAP overexpression. In conclusion, NF2 knockdown promotes VSMC proliferation, migration and neointima hyperplasia after vascular injury via inducing YAP-TEAD1 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongshan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Xueqing Gan
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Dachun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Yongjian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, China
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Kimura M, Horie T, Baba O, Ide Y, Tsuji S, Ruiz Rodriguez R, Watanabe T, Yamasaki T, Otani C, Xu S, Miyasaka Y, Nakashima Y, Kimura T, Ono K. Homeobox A4 suppresses vascular remodeling by repressing YAP/TEAD transcriptional activity. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48389. [PMID: 32147946 PMCID: PMC7132199 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is involved in the pathophysiology of various cardiovascular diseases. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional enhancer activator domain (TEAD) transcriptional factors, the main transcriptional complex of the Hippo pathway, were recently identified as modulators of phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, the intrinsic regulator of YAP/TEAD-mediated gene expressions involved in vascular pathophysiology remains to be elucidated. Here, we identified Homeobox A4 (HOXA4) as a potent repressor of YAP/TEAD transcriptional activity using lentiviral shRNA screen. Mechanistically, HOXA4 interacts with TEADs and attenuates YAP/TEAD-mediated transcription by competing with YAP for TEAD binding. We also clarified that the expression of HOXA4 is relatively abundant in the vasculature, especially in VSMCs. In vitro experiments in human VSMCs showed HOXA4 maintains the differentiation state of VSMCs via inhibition of YAP/TEAD-induced phenotypic switching. We generated Hoxa4-deficient mice and confirmed the downregulation of smooth muscle-specific contractile genes and the exacerbation of vascular remodeling after carotid artery ligation in vivo. Our results demonstrate that HOXA4 is a repressor of VSMC phenotypic switching by inhibiting YAP/TEAD-mediated transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Horie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Baba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuya Ide
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tsuji
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Randolph Ruiz Rodriguez
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yamasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chiharu Otani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sijia Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yui Miyasaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakashima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koh Ono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Osman I, He X, Liu J, Dong K, Wen T, Zhang F, Yu L, Hu G, Xin H, Zhang W, Zhou J. TEAD1 (TEA Domain Transcription Factor 1) Promotes Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Through Upregulating SLC1A5 (Solute Carrier Family 1 Member 5)-Mediated Glutamine Uptake. Circ Res 2020; 124:1309-1322. [PMID: 30801233 PMCID: PMC6493685 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.314187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Rationale: TEAD (TEA domain transcription factor) 1—a major effector of the Hippo signaling pathway—acts as an oncoprotein in a variety of tumors. However, the function of TEAD1 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) remains unclear. Objective: To assess the role of TEAD1 in vascular injury–induced smooth muscle proliferation and delineate the mechanisms underlying its action. Methods and Results: We found that TEAD1 expression is enhanced in mouse femoral artery after wire injury and correlates with the activation of mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) signaling in vivo. Using an inducible smooth muscle–specific Tead1 KO (knockout) mouse model, we found that specific deletion of Tead1 in adult VSMCs is sufficient to attenuate arterial injury–induced neointima formation due to inhibition of mTORC1 activation and VSMC proliferation. Furthermore, we found that TEAD1 plays a unique role in VSMCs, where it not only downregulates VSMC differentiation markers but also activates mTORC1 signaling, leading to enhanced VSMC proliferation. Using whole-transcriptome sequencing analysis, we identified Slc1a5 (solute carrier family 1 member 5)—a key glutamine transporter—as a novel TEAD1 target gene. SLC1A5 overexpression mimicked TEAD1 in promoting mTORC1 activation and VSMC proliferation. Moreover, depletion of SLC1A5 by silencing RNA or blocking SLC1A5-mediated glutamine uptake attenuated TEAD1-dependent mTORC1 activation and VSMC proliferation. Conclusions: Our study unravels a novel mechanism by which TEAD1 promotes VSMC proliferation via transcriptional induction of SLC1A5, thereby activating mTORC1 signaling and promoting neointima formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Osman
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (I.O., K.D., G.H., J.Z.)
| | - Xiangqin He
- Institute of Translational Medicine (X.H., H.X.), Nanchang University, China.,School of Life Sciences (X.H., H.X.), Nanchang University, China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (J.L., W.Z.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
| | - Kunzhe Dong
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (I.O., K.D., G.H., J.Z.)
| | - Tong Wen
- Department of Cardiology (T.W.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
| | - Fanzhi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, China (F.Z.)
| | - Luyi Yu
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (I.O., K.D., G.H., J.Z.)
| | - Guoqing Hu
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (I.O., K.D., G.H., J.Z.)
| | - Hongbo Xin
- Institute of Translational Medicine (X.H., H.X.), Nanchang University, China.,School of Life Sciences (X.H., H.X.), Nanchang University, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (J.L., W.Z.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
| | - Jiliang Zhou
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (I.O., K.D., G.H., J.Z.)
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Chen Y, Su X, Qin Q, Yu Y, Jia M, Zhang H, Li H, Pei L. New insights into phenotypic switching of VSMCs induced by hyperhomocysteinemia: Role of endothelin-1 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 123:109758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Rodríguez-Núñez P, Romero-Pérez L, Amaral AT, Puerto-Camacho P, Jordán C, Marcilla D, Grünewald TG, Alonso J, de Alava E, Díaz-Martín J. Hippo pathway effectors YAP1/TAZ induce an EWS-FLI1-opposing gene signature and associate with disease progression in Ewing sarcoma. J Pathol 2020; 250:374-386. [PMID: 31880317 DOI: 10.1002/path.5379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
YAP1 and TAZ (WWTR1) oncoproteins are the final transducers of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway. Deregulation of the pathway leads to YAP1/TAZ activation fostering tumorigenesis in multiple malignant tumor types, including sarcoma. However, oncogenic mutations within the core components of the Hippo pathway are uncommon. Ewing sarcoma (EwS), a pediatric cancer with low mutation rate, is characterized by a canonical fusion involving the gene EWSR1 and FLI1 as the most common partner. The fusion protein is a potent driver of oncogenesis, but secondary alterations are scarce, and little is known about other biological factors that determine the risk of relapse or progression. We have observed YAP1/TAZ expression and transcriptional activity in EwS cell lines. Analyses of 55 primary human EwS samples revealed that high YAP1/TAZ expression was associated with progression of the disease and predicted poorer outcome. We did not observe recurrent SNV or copy number gains/losses in Hippo pathway-related loci. However, differential CpG methylation of the RASSF1 locus (a regulator of the Hippo pathway) was observed in EwS cell lines compared with mesenchymal stem cells, the putative cell of origin of EwS. Hypermethylation of RASSF1 correlated with the transcriptional silencing of the tumor suppressor isoform RASFF1A, and transcriptional activation of the pro-tumorigenic isoform RASSF1C, which promotes YAP1/TAZ activation. Knockdown of YAP1/TAZ decreased proliferation and invasion abilities of EwS cells and revealed that YAP1/TAZ transcription activity is inversely correlated with the EWS-FLI1 transcriptional signature. This transcriptional antagonism could be explained partly by EWS-FLI1-mediated transcriptional repression of TAZ. Thus, YAP1/TAZ may override the transcriptional program induced by the fusion protein, contributing to the phenotypic plasticity determined by dynamic fluctuation of the fusion protein, a recently proposed model for disease dissemination in EwS. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Rodríguez-Núñez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Laura Romero-Pérez
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Ana T Amaral
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Puerto-Camacho
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Jordán
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - David Marcilla
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Thomas Gp Grünewald
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Javier Alonso
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB06/07/1009; CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique de Alava
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Díaz-Martín
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Sivaraj KK, Dharmalingam B, Mohanakrishnan V, Jeong HW, Kato K, Schröder S, Adams S, Koh GY, Adams RH. YAP1 and TAZ negatively control bone angiogenesis by limiting hypoxia-inducible factor signaling in endothelial cells. eLife 2020; 9:50770. [PMID: 31958058 PMCID: PMC6970532 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are integrated into different organ environments with distinct properties and physiology (Augustin and Koh, 2017). A striking example of organ-specific specialization is the bone vasculature where certain molecular signals yield the opposite effect as in other tissues (Glomski et al., 2011; Kusumbe et al., 2014; Ramasamy et al., 2014). Here, we show that the transcriptional coregulators Yap1 and Taz, components of the Hippo pathway, suppress vascular growth in the hypoxic microenvironment of bone, in contrast to their pro-angiogenic role in other organs. Likewise, the kinase Lats2, which limits Yap1/Taz activity, is essential for bone angiogenesis but dispensable in organs with lower levels of hypoxia. With mouse genetics, RNA sequencing, biochemistry, and cell culture experiments, we show that Yap1/Taz constrain hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) target gene expression in vivo and in vitro. We propose that crosstalk between Yap1/Taz and HIF1α controls angiogenesis depending on the level of tissue hypoxia, resulting in organ-specific biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor K Sivaraj
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Backialakshmi Dharmalingam
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Vishal Mohanakrishnan
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hyun-Woo Jeong
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katsuhiro Kato
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Silke Schröder
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Gou Young Koh
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Zmajkovicova K, Menyhart K, Bauer Y, Studer R, Renault B, Schnoebelen M, Bolinger M, Nayler O, Gatfield J. The Antifibrotic Activity of Prostacyclin Receptor Agonism Is Mediated through Inhibition of YAP/TAZ. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:578-591. [PMID: 30537446 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0142oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a life-threatening progressive disease characterized by loss of alveolar epithelial cells, inflammation, and aberrant fibroblast activation. The two currently approved therapies do not halt or reverse tissue remodeling, and therefore novel disease-modifying mechanisms are needed. Our results describe YAP/TAZ inhibition through prostacyclin (IP) receptor activation as a novel mechanism that suppresses profibrotic (myo)fibroblast activity. We investigated the antifibrotic properties of the selective IP receptor agonist ACT-333679 using primary human lung fibroblasts. ACT-333679 prevented transforming growth factor β1-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition, proliferation, extracellular matrix synthesis, and IL-6 and PAI-1 secretion, and exerted relaxant effects in cell contraction assays. ACT-333679 treatment also reverted an established myofibroblast phenotype. Unbiased analysis of ACT-333679-induced whole-genome expression changes in transforming growth factor β1-treated fibroblasts identified significant attenuation of genes regulated by YAP/TAZ, two transcriptional cofactors that are essential for fibrosis. We then demonstrated that ACT-333679, via elevation of cAMP, caused YAP/TAZ nuclear exclusion and subsequent suppression of YAP/TAZ-dependent profibrotic gene transcription. In summary, we offer a rationale for further exploring the potential of IP receptor agonists for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katalin Menyhart
- Drug Discovery Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Yasmina Bauer
- Drug Discovery Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Studer
- Drug Discovery Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Berengere Renault
- Drug Discovery Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Marie Schnoebelen
- Drug Discovery Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Bolinger
- Drug Discovery Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Nayler
- Drug Discovery Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - John Gatfield
- Drug Discovery Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland
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Smith SA, Newby AC, Bond M. Ending Restenosis: Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by cAMP. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111447. [PMID: 31744111 PMCID: PMC6912325 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation contributes towards restenosis after angioplasty, vein graft intimal thickening and atherogenesis. The second messenger 3′ 5′ cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays an important role in maintaining VSMC quiescence in healthy vessels and repressing VSMC proliferation during resolution of vascular injury. Although the anti-mitogenic properties of cAMP in VSMC have been recognised for many years, it is only recently that we gained a detailed understanding of the underlying signalling mechanisms. Stimuli that elevate cAMP in VSMC inhibit G1-S phase cell cycle progression by inhibiting expression of cyclins and preventing S-Phase Kinase Associated Protein-2 (Skp2-mediated degradation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Early studies implicated inhibition of MAPK signalling, although this does not fully explain the anti-mitogenic effects of cAMP. The cAMP effectors, Protein Kinase A (PKA) and Exchange Protein Activated by cAMP (EPAC) act together to inhibit VSMC proliferation by inducing Cyclic-AMP Response Element Binding protein (CREB) activity and inhibiting members of the RhoGTPases, which results in remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton. Cyclic-AMP induced actin remodelling controls proliferation by modulating the activity of Serum Response Factor (SRF) and TEA Domain Transcription Factors (TEAD), which regulate expression of genes required for proliferation. Here we review recent research characterising these mechanisms, highlighting novel drug targets that may allow the anti-mitogenic properties of cAMP to be harnessed therapeutically to limit restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark Bond
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-117-3423586
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Wu D, Birukov K. Endothelial Cell Mechano-Metabolomic Coupling to Disease States in the Lung Microvasculature. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:172. [PMID: 31380363 PMCID: PMC6658821 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lungs are the most vascular part of humans, accepting the totality of cardiac output in a volume much smaller than the body itself. Due to this cardiac output, the lung microvasculature is subject to mechanical forces including shear stress and cyclic stretch that vary with the cardiac and breathing cycle. Vessels are surrounded by extracellular matrix which dictates the stiffness which endothelial cells also sense and respond to. Shear stress, stiffness, and cyclic stretch are known to influence endothelial cell state. At high shear stress, endothelial cells exhibit cell quiescence marked by low inflammatory markers and high nitric oxide synthesis, whereas at low shear stress, endothelial cells are thought to "activate" into a pro-inflammatory state and have low nitric oxide. Shear stress' profound effect on vascular phenotype is most apparent in the arterial vasculature and in the pathophysiology of vascular inflammation. To conduct the flow of blood from the right heart, the lung microvasculature must be rigid yet compliant. It turns out that excessive substrate rigidity or stiffness is important in the development of pulmonary hypertension and chronic fibrosing lung diseases via excessive cell proliferation or the endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Recently, a new body of literature has evolved that couples mechanical sensing to endothelial phenotypic changes through metabolic signaling in clinically relevant contexts such as pulmonary hypertension, lung injury syndromes, as well as fibrosis, which is the focus of this review. Stretch, like flow, has profound effect on endothelial phenotype; metabolism studies due to stretch are in their infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wu
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Konstantin Birukov
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Ebrahimighaei R, McNeill MC, Smith SA, Wray JP, Ford KL, Newby AC, Bond M. Elevated cyclic-AMP represses expression of exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC1) by inhibiting YAP-TEAD activity and HDAC-mediated histone deacetylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1634-1649. [PMID: 31255721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-induced activation of Exchange Protein Activated by cAMP-1 (EPAC1) is implicated in numerous physiological and pathological processes, including cardiac fibrosis where changes in EPAC1 expression have been detected. However, little is known about how EPAC1 expression is regulated. Therefore, we investigated regulation of EPAC1 expression by cAMP in cardiac fibroblasts. Elevation of cAMP using forskolin, cAMP-analogues or adenosine A2B-receptor activation significantly reduced EPAC1 mRNA and protein levels and inhibited formation of F-actin stress fibres. Inhibition of actin polymerisation with cytochalasin-D, latrunculin-B or the ROCK inhibitor, Y-27632, mimicked effects of cAMP on EPAC1 mRNA and protein levels. Elevated cAMP also inhibited activity of an EPAC1 promoter-reporter gene, which contained a consensus binding element for TEAD, which is a target for inhibition by cAMP. Inhibition of TEAD activity using siRNA-silencing of its co-factors YAP and TAZ, expression of dominant-negative TEAD or treatment with YAP-TEAD inhibitors, significantly inhibited EPAC1 expression. However, whereas expression of constitutively-active YAP completely reversed forskolin inhibition of EPAC1-promoter activity it did not rescue EPAC1 mRNA levels. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation detected a significant reduction in histone3-lysine27-acetylation at the EPAC1 proximal promoter in response to forskolin stimulation. HDAC1/3 inhibition partially reversed forskolin inhibition of EPAC1 expression, which was completely rescued by simultaneously expressing constitutively active YAP. Taken together, these data demonstrate that cAMP downregulates EPAC1 gene expression via disrupting the actin cytoskeleton, which inhibits YAP/TAZ-TEAD activity in concert with HDAC-mediated histone deacetylation at the EPAC1 proximal promoter. This represents a novel negative feedback mechanism controlling EPAC1 levels in response to cAMP elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ebrahimighaei
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Madeleine C McNeill
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Sarah A Smith
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Jason P Wray
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Kerrie L Ford
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Andrew C Newby
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Mark Bond
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.
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43
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Huh HD, Kim DH, Jeong HS, Park HW. Regulation of TEAD Transcription Factors in Cancer Biology. Cells 2019; 8:E600. [PMID: 31212916 PMCID: PMC6628201 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) transcription factors play important roles during development, cell proliferation, regeneration, and tissue homeostasis. TEAD integrates with and coordinates various signal transduction pathways including Hippo, Wnt, transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathways. TEAD deregulation affects well-established cancer genes such as KRAS, BRAF, LKB1, NF2, and MYC, and its transcriptional output plays an important role in tumor progression, metastasis, cancer metabolism, immunity, and drug resistance. To date, TEADs have been recognized to be key transcription factors of the Hippo pathway. Therefore, most studies are focused on the Hippo kinases and YAP/TAZ, whereas the Hippo-dependent and Hippo-independent regulators and regulations governing TEAD only emerged recently. Deregulation of the TEAD transcriptional output plays important roles in tumor progression and serves as a prognostic biomarker due to high correlation with clinicopathological parameters in human malignancies. In addition, discovering the molecular mechanisms of TEAD, such as post-translational modifications and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, represents an important means of modulating TEAD transcriptional activity. Collectively, this review highlights the role of TEAD in multistep-tumorigenesis by interacting with upstream oncogenic signaling pathways and controlling downstream target genes, which provides unprecedented insight and rationale into developing TEAD-targeted anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunbin D Huh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Dong Hyeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Han-Sol Jeong
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Korea.
| | - Hyun Woo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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44
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Zhao WB, Lu Q, Nguyen MN, Su Y, Ziemann M, Wang LN, Kiriazis H, Puthalakath H, Sadoshima J, Hu HY, Du XJ. Stimulation of β-adrenoceptors up-regulates cardiac expression of galectin-3 and BIM through the Hippo signalling pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2465-2481. [PMID: 30932177 PMCID: PMC6592853 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Expression of the pro‐fibrotic galectin‐3 and the pro‐apoptotic BIM is elevated in diseased heart or after β‐adrenoceptor stimulation, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This question was addressed in the present study. Experimental Approach Wild‐type mice and mice with cardiac transgenic expression of β2‐adrenoceptors, mammalian sterile‐20 like kinase 1 (Mst1) or dominant‐negative Mst1, and non‐specific galectin‐3 knockout mice were used. Effects of the β‐adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline or β‐adrenoceptor antagonists were studied. Rat cardiomyoblasts (H9c2) were used for mechanistic exploration. Biochemical assays were performed. Key Results Isoprenaline treatment up‐regulated expression of galectin‐3 and BIM, and this was inhibited by non‐selective or selective β‐adrenoceptor antagonists (by 60–70%). Cardiac expression of galectin‐3 and BIM was increased in β2‐adrenoceptor transgenic mice. Isoprenaline‐induced up‐regulation of galectin‐3 and BIM was attenuated by Mst1 inactivation, but isoprenaline‐induced galectin‐3 expression was exaggerated by transgenic Mst1 activation. Pharmacological or genetic activation of β‐adrenoceptors induced Mst1 expression and yes‐associated protein (YAP) phosphorylation. YAP hyper‐phosphorylation was also evident in Mst1 transgenic hearts with up‐regulated expression of galectin‐3 (40‐fold) and BIM as well as up‐regulation of many YAP‐target genes by RNA sequencing. In H9c2 cells, isoprenaline induced YAP phosphorylation and expression of galectin‐3 and BIM, effects simulated by forskolin but abolished by PKA inhibitors, and YAP knockdown induced expression of galectin‐3 and BIM. Conclusions and Implications Stimulation of cardiac β‐adrenoceptors activated the Mst1/Hippo pathway leading to YAP hyper‐phosphorylation with enhanced expression of galectin‐3 and BIM. This signalling pathway would have therapeutic potential. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Adrenoceptors—New Roles for Old Players. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.14/issuetoc
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bo Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Qun Lu
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Hospital and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - My-Nhan Nguyen
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yidan Su
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Ziemann
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Li-Na Wang
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hamsa Puthalakath
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hou-Yuan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Hospital and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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45
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Ding Y, Han Y, Lu Q, An J, Zhu H, Xie Z, Song P, Zou MH. Peroxynitrite-Mediated SIRT (Sirtuin)-1 Inactivation Contributes to Nicotine-Induced Arterial Stiffness in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1419-1431. [PMID: 31092012 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective- Inhibition of SIRT (sirtuin)-1, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent protein deacetylase, is linked to cigarette smoking-induced arterial stiffness, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects and mechanisms of nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, on SIRT1 activity and arterial stiffness. Approach and Results- Arterial stiffness, peroxynitrite (ONOO-) formation, SIRT1 expression and activity were monitored in mouse aortas of 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice (wild-type) or Sirt1-overexpressing ( Sirt1 Super) mice with or without nicotine for 4 weeks. In aortas of wild-type mice, nicotine reduced SIRT1 protein and activity by ≈50% without affecting its mRNA levels. In those from Sirt1 Super mice, nicotine also markedly reduced SIRT1 protein and activity to the levels that were comparable to those in wild-type mice. Nicotine infusion significantly induced collagen I, fibronectin, and arterial stiffness in wild-type but not Sirt1 Super mice. Nicotine increased the levels of iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) and the co-staining of SIRT1 and 3-nitrotyrosine, a footprint of ONOO- in aortas. Tempol, which ablated ONOO- by scavenging superoxide anion, reduced the effects of nicotine on SIRT1 and collagen. Mutation of zinc-binding cysteine 395 or 398 in SIRT1 into serine (C395S) or (C398S) abolished SIRT1 activity. Furthermore, ONOO- dose-dependently inhibited the enzyme and increased zinc release in recombinant SIRT1. Finally, we found SIRT1 inactivation by ONOO- activated the YAP (Yes-associated protein) resulting in abnormal ECM (extracellular matrix) remodeling. Conclusions- Nicotine induces ONOO-, which selectively inhibits SIRT1 resulting in a YAP-mediated ECM remodeling. Visual Overview- An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ding
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Yi Han
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Qiulun Lu
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Junqing An
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Huaiping Zhu
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Zhonglin Xie
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Ping Song
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
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46
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Smith SA, Sessions RB, Shoemark DK, Williams C, Ebrahimighaei R, McNeill MC, Crump MP, McKay TR, Harris G, Newby AC, Bond M. Antiproliferative and Antimigratory Effects of a Novel YAP-TEAD Interaction Inhibitor Identified Using in Silico Molecular Docking. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1291-1305. [PMID: 30640473 PMCID: PMC6701825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
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The Hippo pathway is an important
regulator of cell growth, proliferation,
and migration. TEAD transcription factors, which lie at the core of
the Hippo pathway, are essential for regulation of organ growth and
wound repair. Dysregulation of TEAD and its regulatory cofactor Yes-associated
protein (YAP) have been implicated in numerous human cancers and hyperproliferative
pathological processes. Hence, the YAP–TEAD complex is a promising
therapeutic target. Here, we use in silico molecular docking using
Bristol University Docking Engine to screen a library of more than
8 million druglike molecules for novel disrupters of the YAP–TEAD
interaction. We report the identification of a novel compound (CPD3.1)
with the ability to disrupt YAP–TEAD protein–protein
interaction and inhibit TEAD activity, cell proliferation, and cell
migration. The YAP–TEAD complex is a viable drug target, and
CPD3.1 is a lead compound for the development of more potent TEAD
inhibitors for treating cancer and other hyperproliferative pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Smith
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Bristol , Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary , Bristol BS2 8HW , U.K
| | - Richard B Sessions
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences , University of Bristol , Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk , Bristol BS8 1TD , U.K
| | - Deborah K Shoemark
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences , University of Bristol , Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk , Bristol BS8 1TD , U.K
| | - Christopher Williams
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , U.K
| | - Reza Ebrahimighaei
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Bristol , Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary , Bristol BS2 8HW , U.K
| | - Madeleine C McNeill
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Bristol , Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary , Bristol BS2 8HW , U.K
| | - Matthew P Crump
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , U.K
| | - Tristan R McKay
- Centre for Bioscience , Manchester Metropolitan University , John Dalton Building , Manchester M1 5GD , U.K
| | - Gemma Harris
- Research Complex at Harwell , Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Harwell Campus , Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA , U.K
| | - Andrew C Newby
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Bristol , Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary , Bristol BS2 8HW , U.K
| | - Mark Bond
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Bristol , Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary , Bristol BS2 8HW , U.K
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47
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Sheng N, Wang Y, Xie Y, Chen S, Lu J, Zhang Z, Li M, Shan Q, Wu D, Zheng G, Zheng Y, Fan S. High expression of LASS2 is associated with unfavorable prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:13001-13013. [PMID: 30537159 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Homo sapiens longevity assurance homolog 2 of yeast LAG1 (LASS2), is a gene isolated from a human liver complementary DNA library. In this study, we found that LASS2 protein level was positively related to International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage and LASS2-negative tumors showed significant association with longer disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in ovarian cancer patients. The heterogeneous expression of LASS2 had been exhibited in diverse ovarian cancer cells. A significantly lower messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein level of LASS2 was seen in 3AO cell compared with those in other types of ovarian cancer cells. Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein levels of LASS2 in ES-2 and NIH:OVCAR-3 cells were obviously higher. LASS2 overexpression in 3AO cell could promote migration, invasion, and metastasis abilities in vitro and in vivo, while LASS2 knockdown in ES-2 and NIH:OVCAR-3 cells had the opposite effects. The oncogenic capacity of LASS2 in ovarian cancer may be mediated by increased expression of YAP/TAZ. It is indicated that lowering the expression of LASS2 is likely to serve as an unprecedented approach for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sihan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengqiu Li
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qun Shan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guihong Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanlin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaohua Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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48
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Garoffolo G, Madonna R, de Caterina R, Pesce M. Cell based mechanosensing in vascular patho-biology: More than a simple go-with the flow. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 111:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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49
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Greenhough A, Bagley C, Heesom KJ, Gurevich DB, Gay D, Bond M, Collard TJ, Paraskeva C, Martin P, Sansom OJ, Malik K, Williams AC. Cancer cell adaptation to hypoxia involves a HIF-GPRC5A-YAP axis. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 10:e8699. [PMID: 30143543 PMCID: PMC6220329 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a hallmark of solid tumours and a key physiological feature distinguishing cancer from normal tissue. However, a major challenge remains in identifying tractable molecular targets that hypoxic cancer cells depend on for survival. Here, we used SILAC-based proteomics to identify the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPRC5A as a novel hypoxia-induced protein that functions to protect cancer cells from apoptosis during oxygen deprivation. Using genetic approaches in vitro and in vivo, we reveal HIFs as direct activators of GPRC5A transcription. Furthermore, we find that GPRC5A is upregulated in the colonic epithelium of patients with mesenteric ischaemia, and in colorectal cancers high GPRC5A correlates with hypoxia gene signatures and poor clinical outcomes. Mechanistically, we show that GPRC5A enables hypoxic cell survival by activating the Hippo pathway effector YAP and its anti-apoptotic target gene BCL2L1 Importantly, we show that the apoptosis induced by GPRC5A depletion in hypoxia can be rescued by constitutively active YAP. Our study identifies a novel HIF-GPRC5A-YAP axis as a critical mediator of the hypoxia-induced adaptive response and a potential target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Greenhough
- Cancer Research UK Colorectal Tumour Biology Group, School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Clare Bagley
- Cancer Research UK Colorectal Tumour Biology Group, School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate J Heesom
- Proteomics Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David B Gurevich
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David Gay
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark Bond
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tracey J Collard
- Cancer Research UK Colorectal Tumour Biology Group, School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chris Paraskeva
- Cancer Research UK Colorectal Tumour Biology Group, School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Paul Martin
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karim Malik
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ann C Williams
- Cancer Research UK Colorectal Tumour Biology Group, School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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50
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Activation of human aortic valve interstitial cells by local stiffness involves YAP-dependent transcriptional signaling. Biomaterials 2018; 181:268-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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