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Qin P, Chen P, Zhou Y, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Xu J, Gan L, Liu Y, Romer J, Dörmann P, Cahoon EB, Zhang C. Vitamin E biofortification: enhancement of seed tocopherol concentrations by altered chlorophyll metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1344095. [PMID: 38469330 PMCID: PMC10925712 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1344095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Homogentisate Phytyltransferase (HPT) catalyzes condensation of homogentisate (HGA) and phytyl diphosphate (PDP) to produce tocopherols, but can also synthesize tocotrienols using geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP) in plants engineered for deregulated HGA synthesis. In contrast to prior tocotrienol biofortification efforts, engineering enhanced tocopherol concentrations in green oilseeds has proven more challenging due to the integral role of chlorophyll metabolism in supplying the PDP substrate. This study show that RNAi suppression of CHLSYN coupled with HPT overexpression increases tocopherol concentrations by >two-fold in Arabidopsis seeds. We obtained additional increases in seed tocopherol concentrations by engineering increased HGA production via overexpression of bacterial TyrA that encodes chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydrogenase activities. In overexpression lines, seed tocopherol concentrations increased nearly three-fold, and resulted in modest tocotrienol accumulation. We further increased total tocochromanol concentrations by enhancing production of HGA and GGDP by overexpression of the gene for hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD). This shifted metabolism towards increased amounts of tocotrienols relative to tocopherols, which was reflected in corresponding increases in ratios of GGDP/PDP in these seeds. Overall, our results provide a theoretical basis for genetic improvement of total tocopherol concentrations in green oilseeds (e.g., rapeseed, soybean) through strategies that include seed-suppression of CHLSYN coupled with increased HGA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanwei Zhou
- Yichang Academy of Agricultural Science, Ministry of Agriculture and rural areas, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunyun Zhang
- Industrial Crops Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and rural areas, Kunming, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Yingnan Liu
- Lincang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Lincang, Yunnan, China
| | - Jill Romer
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Edgar B. Cahoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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2
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Zeng Z, Zhang W, Shi Y, Wei H, Zhou C, Huang X, Chen Z, Xiang T, Wang L, Han N, Bian H. Coordinated Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses of a Barley hvhggt Mutant Reveal a Critical Role of Tocotrienols in Endosperm Starch Accumulation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1146-1161. [PMID: 38181192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Tocotrienols and tocopherols (vitamin E) are potent antioxidants that are synthesized in green plants. Unlike ubiquitous tocopherols, tocotrienols predominantly accumulate in the endosperm of monocot grains, catalyzed by homogentiate geranylgeranyl transferase (HGGT). Previously, we generated a tocotrienol-deficient hvhggt mutant with shrunken barley grains. However, the relationship between tocotrienols and grain development remains unclear. Here, we found that the hvhggt lines displayed hollow endosperms with defective transfer cells and reduced aleurone layers. The carbohydrate and starch contents of the hvhggt endosperm decreased by approximately 20 and 23%, respectively. Weighted gene coexpression network analyses identified a critical gene module containing HvHGGT, which was strongly associated with the hvhggt mutation and enriched with gene functions in starch and sucrose metabolism. Metabolome measurements revealed an elevated soluble sugar content in the hvhggt endosperm, which was significantly associated with the identified gene modules. The hvhggt endosperm had significantly higher NAD(H) and NADP(H) contents and lower levels of ADPGlc (regulated by redox balance) than the wild-type, consistent with the absence of tocotrienols. Interestingly, exogenous α-tocotrienol spraying on developing hvhggt spikes partially rescued starch accumulation and endosperm defects. Our study supports a potential novel function of tocotrienols in grain starch accumulation and endosperm development in monocot crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanghui Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaqi Shi
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haonan Wei
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhehao Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Taihe Xiang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Lilin Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ning Han
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongwu Bian
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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Zeng Z, Jia Y, Huang X, Chen Z, Xiang T, Han N, Bian H, Li C. Transcriptional and protein structural characterization of homogentisate phytyltransferase genes in barley, wheat, and oat. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:528. [PMID: 37904113 PMCID: PMC10617047 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04535-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homogentisate phytyltransferase (HPT) is the critical enzyme for the biosynthesis of tocopherols (vitamin E), which are the major lipid-soluble antioxidants and help plants adapt to various stress conditions. HPT is generally strictly conserved in various plant genomes; however, a divergent lineage HPT2 was identified recently in some Triticeae species. The molecular function and transcriptional profiles of HPT2 remain to be characterized. RESULTS In this study, we performed comprehensive transcriptome data mining of HPT1 and HPT2 in different tissues and stages of barley (Hordeum vulgare), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and oat (Avena sativa), followed by qRT-PCR experiments on HPT1 and HPT2 in different tissues of barley and wheat. We found that the common HPT1 genes (HvHPT1, TaHPT1s, and AsHPT1s) displayed a conserved transcriptional pattern in the three target species and were universally transcribed in various tissues, with a notable preference in leaf. In contrast, HPT2 genes (HvHPT2, TaHPT2, and AsHPT2) were specifically transcribed in spike (developmentally up-regulated) and shoot apex tissues, displaying a divergent tissue-specific pattern. Cis-regulatory elements prediction in the promoter region identified common factors related to light-, plant hormone-, low temperature-, drought- and defense- responses in both HPT1s and HPT2s. We observed the transcriptional up-regulation of HvHPT1 and HvHPT2 under various stress conditions, supporting their conserved function in environmental adaption. We detected a clear, relaxed selection pressure in the HPT2 lineage, consistent with the predicted evolution pattern following gene duplication. Protein structural modelling and substrate docking analyses identified putative catalytic amino acid residues for HvHPT1 and HvHPT2, which are strictly conserved and consistent with their function in vitamin E biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed the presence of two lineages of HPT in Triticeae and Aveninae, including hexaploid oat, and characterized their transcriptional profiles based on transcriptome and qRT-PCR data. HPT1s were ubiquitously transcribed in various tissues, whilst HPT2s were highly expressed in specific stages and tissue. The active transcription of HPT2s, together with its conserved cis-elements and protein structural features, support HPT2s' role in tocopherol production in Triticeae. This study is the first protein structural analysis on the membrane-bound plant HPTs and provides valuable insights into its catalytic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanghui Zeng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yong Jia
- Western Crops Genetic Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre (SABC), College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Zhehao Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Taihe Xiang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Ning Han
- Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hongwu Bian
- Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Crops Genetic Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre (SABC), College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.
- Department of Primary Industry and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, South Perth, WA, 6155, Australia.
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Deng M, Chen H, Zhang W, Cahoon EB, Zhou Y, Zhang C. Genetic improvement of tocotrienol content enhances the oxidative stability of canola oil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1247781. [PMID: 37790787 PMCID: PMC10543761 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1247781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Tocotrienols and tocopherols, which are synthesized in plastids of plant cells with similar functionalities, comprise vitamin E to serve as a potent lipid-soluble antioxidant in plants. The synthesis of tocopherols involves the condensation of homogentisic acid (HGA) and phytyl diphosphate (PDP) under the catalysis of homogentisate phytyltransferase (HPT). Tocotrienol synthesis is initiated by the condensation of HGA and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP) mediated by homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase (HGGT). As one of the most important oil crops, canola seed is regarded as an ideal plant to efficiently improve the production of vitamin E tocochromanols through genetic engineering approaches. However, only a modest increase in tocopherol content has been achieved in canola seed to date. Methods In this study, we transformed barley HGGT (HvHGGT) into canola to improve total tocochromanol content in canola seeds. Results and discussion The results showed that the total tocochromanol content in the transgenic canola seeds could be maximally increased by fourfold relative to that in wild-type canola seeds. Notably, no negative impact on important agronomic traits was observed in transgenic canola plants, indicating great application potential of the HvHGGT gene in enhancing tocochromanol content in canola in the future. Moreover, the oil extracted from the transgenic canola seeds exhibited significantly enhanced oxidative stability under high temperature in addition to the increase in total tocochromanol content, demonstrating multiple desirable properties of HvHGGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Deng
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Edgar B. Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Yongming Zhou
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Chu D, Zhang Z, Hu Y, Fang C, Xu X, Yuan J, Zhang J, Tian Z, Wang G. Genome-wide scan for oil quality reveals a coregulation mechanism of tocopherols and fatty acids in soybean seeds. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100598. [PMID: 37029487 PMCID: PMC10504561 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tocopherols (vitamin E) play essential roles in human health because of their antioxidant activity, and plant-derived oils are the richest sources of tocopherols in the human diet. Although soybean (Glycine max) is one of the main sources of plant-derived oil and tocopherol in the world, the relationship between tocopherol and oil in soybean seeds remains unclear. Here, we focus on dissecting tocopherol metabolism with the long-term goal of increasing α-tocopherol content and soybean oil quality. We first collected tocopherol and fatty acid profiles in a soybean population (>800 soybean accessions) and found that tocopherol content increased during soybean domestication. A strong positive correlation between tocopherol and oil content was also detected. Five tocopherol pathway-related loci were identified using a metabolite genome-wide association study strategy. Genetic variations in three tocopherol pathway genes were responsible for total tocopherol content and composition in the soybean population through effects on enzyme activity, mainly caused by non-conserved amino acid substitution or changes in gene transcription level. Moreover, the fatty acid regulatory transcription factor GmZF351 directly activated tocopherol pathway gene expression, increasing both fatty acid and tocopherol contents in soybean seeds. Our study reveals the functional differentiation of tocopherol pathway genes in soybean populations and provides a framework for development of new soybean varieties with high α-tocopherol content and oil quality in seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Chao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xindan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jia Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhixi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
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Konda AR, Gelli M, Pedersen C, Cahoon RE, Zhang C, Obata T, Cahoon EB. Vitamin E biofortification: Maximizing oilseed tocotrienol and total vitamin E tocochromanol production by use of metabolic bypass combinations. Metab Eng 2023; 79:66-77. [PMID: 37429412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E tocochromanols are generated in plants by prenylation of homogentisate using geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP) for tocotrienol biosynthesis and phytyl diphosphate (PDP) for tocopherol biosynthesis. Homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase (HGGT), which uses GGDP for prenylation, is a proven target for oilseed tocochromanol biofortification that effectively bypasses the chlorophyll-linked pathway that limits PDP for vitamin E biosynthesis. In this report, we explored the feasibility of maximizing tocochromanol production in the oilseed crop camelina (Camelina sativa) by combining seed-specific HGGT expression with increased biosynthesis and/or reduced homogentisate catabolism. Plastid-targeted Escherichia coli TyrA-encoded chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydrogenase and Arabidopsis hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) cDNA were co-expressed in seeds to bypass feedback-regulated steps and increase flux into homogentisate biosynthesis. Homogentisate catabolism was also suppressed by seed-specific RNAi of the gene for homogentisate oxygenase (HGO), which initiates homogentisate degradation. In the absence of HGGT expression, tocochromanols were increased by ∼2.5-fold with HPPD/TyrA co-expression, and ∼1.4-fold with HGO suppression compared to levels in non-transformed seeds. No further increase in tocochromanols was observed in HPPD/TyrA lines with the addition of HGO RNAi. HGGT expression alone increased tocochromanol concentrations in seeds by ∼four-fold to ≤1400 μg/g seed weight. When combined with HPPD/TyrA co-expression, we obtained an additional three-fold increase in tocochromanol concentrations indicating that homogentisate concentrations limit HGGT's capacity for maximal tocochromanol production. The addition of HGO RNAi further increased tocochromanol concentrations to 5000 μg/g seed weight, an unprecedented tocochromanol concentration in an engineered oilseed. Metabolomic data obtained from engineered seeds provide insights into phenotypic changes associated with "extreme" tocochromanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anji Reddy Konda
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA; USA
| | - Malleswari Gelli
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Connor Pedersen
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA; USA
| | - Rebecca E Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA; USA
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA; USA
| | - Edgar B Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA; USA.
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7
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Jia Y, Xu M, Hu H, Chapman B, Watt C, Buerte B, Han N, Zhu M, Bian H, Li C, Zeng Z. Comparative gene retention analysis in barley, wild emmer, and bread wheat pangenome lines reveals factors affecting gene retention following gene duplication. BMC Biol 2023; 21:25. [PMID: 36747211 PMCID: PMC9903521 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene duplication is a prevalent phenomenon and a major driving force underlying genome evolution. The process leading to the fixation of gene duplicates following duplication is critical to understand how genome evolves but remains fragmentally understood. Most previous studies on gene retention are based on gene duplicate analyses in single reference genome. No population-based comparative gene retention analysis has been performed to date. RESULTS Taking advantage of recently published genomic data in Triticeae, we dissected a divergent homogentisate phytyltransferase (HPT2) lineage caught in the middle stage of gene fixation following duplication. The presence/absence of HPT2 in barley (diploid), wild emmer (tetraploid), and bread wheat (hexaploid) pangenome lines appears to be associated with gene dosage constraint and environmental adaption. Based on these observations, we adopted a phylogeny-based orthology inference approach and performed comparative gene retention analyses across barley, wild emmer, and bread wheat. This led to the identification of 326 HPT2-pattern-like genes at whole genome scale, representing a pool of gene duplicates in the middle stage of gene fixation. Majority of these HPT2-pattern-like genes were identified as small-scale duplicates, such as dispersed, tandem, and proximal duplications. Natural selection analyses showed that HPT2-pattern-like genes have experienced relaxed selection pressure, which is generally accompanied with partial positive selection and transcriptional divergence. Functional enrichment analyses showed that HPT2-pattern-like genes are over-represented with molecular-binding and defense response functions, supporting the potential role of environmental adaption during gene retention. We also observed that gene duplicates from larger gene family are more likely to be lost, implying a gene dosage constraint effect. Further comparative gene retention analysis in barley and bread wheat pangenome lines revealed combined effects of species-specific selection and gene dosage constraint. CONCLUSIONS Comparative gene retention analyses at the population level support gene dosage constraint, environmental adaption, and species-specific selection as three factors that may affect gene retention following gene duplication. Our findings shed light on the evolutionary process leading to the retention of newly formed gene duplicates and will greatly improve our understanding on genome evolution via duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jia
- grid.1025.60000 0004 0436 6763Western Crop Genetic Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia ,grid.1025.60000 0004 0436 6763Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
| | - Mingrui Xu
- grid.410595.c0000 0001 2230 9154College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121 China
| | - Haifei Hu
- grid.1025.60000 0004 0436 6763Western Crop Genetic Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia ,grid.1025.60000 0004 0436 6763Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
| | - Brett Chapman
- grid.1025.60000 0004 0436 6763Western Crop Genetic Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia ,grid.1025.60000 0004 0436 6763Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
| | - Calum Watt
- grid.1025.60000 0004 0436 6763Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia ,grid.516230.30000 0005 0233 6218Intergrain Pty Ltd, Bibra Lake, WA 6163 Australia
| | - B. Buerte
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Genetic and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Ning Han
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Genetic and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Muyuan Zhu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Genetic and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Hongwu Bian
- Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Crop Genetic Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia. .,Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia. .,Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3-Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA, 6151, Australia.
| | - Zhanghui Zeng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China. .,Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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8
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An Efficient Deacidification Process for Safflower Seed Oil with High Nutritional Property through Optimized Ultrasonic-Assisted Technology. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072305. [PMID: 35408704 PMCID: PMC9000557 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Safflower seed oil (SSO) is considered to be an excellent edible oil since it contains abundant essential unsaturated fatty acids and lipid concomitants. However, the traditional alkali-refined deacidification process of SSO results in a serious loss of bioactive components of the oil and also yields massive amounts of wastewater. In this study, SSO was first extracted by ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction (UAEE), and the extraction process was optimized using random centroid optimization. By exploring the effects of ethanol concentration, solid−liquid ratio, ultrasonic time, and the number of deacidification times, the optimum conditions for the deacidification of safflower seed oil were obtained as follows: ethanol concentration 100%, solid−liquid ratio 1:4, ultrasonic time 29 min, and number of deacidification cycles (×2). The deacidification rate was 97.13% ± 0.70%, better than alkali-refining (72.16% ± 0.13%). The values of acid, peroxide, anisidine and total oxidation of UAEE-deacidified SSO were significantly lower than those of alkali-deacidified SSO (p < 0.05). The contents of the main lipid concomitants such as tocopherols, polyphenols, and phytosterols in UAEE-decidified SSO were significantly higher than those of the latter (p < 0.05). For instance, the DPPH radical scavenging capacity of UAEE-processed SSO was significantly higher than that of alkali refining (p < 0.05). The Pearson bivariate correlation analysis before and after the deacidification process demonstrated that the three main lipid concomitants in SSO were negatively correlated with the index of peroxide, anisidine, and total oxidation values. The purpose of this study was to provide an alternative method for the deacidification of SSO that can effectively remove free fatty acids while maintaining the nutritional characteristics, physicochemical properties, and antioxidant capacity of SSO.
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Ye Z, Shi B, Huang Y, Ma T, Xiang Z, Hu B, Kuang Z, Huang M, Lin X, Tian Z, Deng Z, Shen K, Liu T. Revolution of vitamin E production by starting from microbial fermented farnesene to isophytol. Innovation (N Y) 2022; 3:100228. [PMID: 35373168 PMCID: PMC8968663 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is one of the most widely used vitamins. In the classical commercial synthesis of vitamin E (α-tocopherol), the chemical synthesis of isophytol is the key technical barrier. Here, we establish a new process for isophytol synthesis from microbial fermented farnesene. To achieve an efficient pathway for farnesene production, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was selected as the host strain. First, β-farnesene synthase genes from different sources were screened, and through protein engineering and system metabolic engineering, a high production of β-farnesene in S. cerevisiae was achieved (55.4 g/L). This farnesene can be chemically converted into isophytol in three steps with approximately 92% yield, which is economically equal to that from the best total chemical synthesis. Furthermore, we co-produced lycopene and farnesene to reduce the cost of farnesene. A factory based on this new process was successfully operated in Hubei Province, China, in 2017, with an annual output of 30,000 tons of vitamin E. This new process has completely changed the vitamin E market due to its low cost and safety. The traditional chemical synthesis of vitamin E is complex and could be explosive An innovative way to synthesize isophytol from biofermented farnesene is established This process is safer and cheaper, changing the production and marketing of vitamin E Co-production of β-farnesene and lycopene improves the competitiveness of this process
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling Ye
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- J1 Biotech Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- J1 Biotech Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Yanglei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zilei Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ben Hu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhaolin Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Man Huang
- J1 Biotech Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Xiaoying Lin
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tiangang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Corresponding author
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10
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Jiao X, Shen B, Li M, Ye L, Yu H. Secretory Production of Tocotrienols in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:788-799. [PMID: 35100508 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tocotrienols as important components of vitamin E have attracted increasing attention, with recent progress made in their heterologous biosynthesis, but all as intracellular products. Aiming to further improve the tocotrienol production capacity of engineered yeast and to advance toward industrial fermentation of tocotrienols, we first optimized the synthetic pathway to enhance the tocotrienol yield and then attempted to realize their secretory production by exploring biphasic extractive fermentation conditions and screening for endogenous transporters. Finally, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain with tocotrienol yield of 25.57 mg/g dry cell weight was generated, and the tocotrienol titer reached 82.68 mg/L in shake-flask cultures, with 73.66% of the product secreted into the organic phase. For the first time, we have reported that the vitamin E components could be harvested as extracellular products of microbial cell factories, which could largely simplify the downstream process and could be of significance for fermentative production of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiao
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bin Shen
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lidan Ye
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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11
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Zhou Y, He L, Zhang N, Ma L, Yao L. Photoprotective Effect of Artemisia sieversiana Ehrhart Essential Oil Against UVB-induced Photoaging in Mice. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:958-968. [PMID: 34767631 DOI: 10.1111/php.13561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Photoaging refers to the extrinsic aging resulting from ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, which impacts skin appearance and is accompanied by the risk of skin carcinoma. Developing natural products as photoprotective agents is of great interest in cosmetic industry nowadays. The present study aimed at investigating the possible use of Artemisia sieversiana Ehrhart essential oil (AEO) for the prevention of photoaging induced by UVB. AEO was characterized by chamazulene, which accounted for 38.92% among total 51 identified compounds. In in vitro assays, AEO was found to be a moderate antioxidant and good UVB filter with photostability. A UVB-induced photoaging mice model was established with three AEO formulations (0.1%, 0.5% and 1.5%, w/w) topically applied prior to UVB irradiation. The activities of catalase, particularly superoxide dismutase of skin increased, while malondialdehyde content decreased in AEO groups as compared with model controls. The production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1 and MMP-3) and depletion of hydroxyproline in skin were inhibited by AEO in a dose-dependent manner. Histological evaluation indicated that AEO decreased epidermal thickness, inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen degradation and elastin aberrance. These findings indicated that AEO could be a promising sunscreen agent in protecting the skin against photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,R&D Center for Aromatic Plants, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei He
- R&D Center for Aromatic Plants, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Resources and Environment, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,R&D Center for Aromatic Plants, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,R&D Center for Aromatic Plants, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yao
- Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,R&D Center for Aromatic Plants, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Salimath SS, Romsdahl TB, Konda AR, Zhang W, Cahoon EB, Dowd MK, Wedegaertner TC, Hake KD, Chapman KD. Production of tocotrienols in seeds of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) enhances oxidative stability and offers nutraceutical potential. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:1268-1282. [PMID: 33492748 PMCID: PMC8196643 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an economically important multi-purpose crop cultivated globally for fibre, seed oil and protein. Cottonseed oil also is naturally rich in vitamin E components (collectively known as tocochromanols), with α- and γ-tocopherols comprising nearly all of the vitamin E components. By contrast, cottonseeds have little or no tocotrienols, tocochromanols with a wide range of health benefits. Here, we generated transgenic cotton lines expressing the barley (Hordeum vulgare) homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase coding sequence under the control of the Brassica napus seed-specific promoter, napin. Transgenic cottonseeds had ~twofold to threefold increases in the accumulation of total vitamin E (tocopherols + tocotrienols), with more than 60% γ-tocotrienol. Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging showed that γ-tocotrienol was localized throughout the transgenic embryos. In contrast, the native tocopherols were distributed unequally in both transgenic and non-transgenic embryos. α- Tocopherol was restricted mostly to cotyledon tissues and γ-tocopherol was more enriched in the embryonic axis tissues. Production of tocotrienols in cotton embryos had no negative impact on plant performance or yield of other important seed constituents including fibre, oil and protein. Advanced generations of two transgenic events were field grown, and extracts of transgenic seeds showed increased antioxidant activity relative to extracts from non-transgenic seeds. Furthermore, refined cottonseed oil from the two transgenic events showed 30% improvement in oxidative stability relative to the non-transgenic cottonseed oil. Taken together, these materials may provide new opportunities for cottonseed co-products with enhanced vitamin E profile for improved shelf life and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmukh S. Salimath
- Department of Biological SciencesBioDiscovery InstituteUniversity of North TexasDentonTXUSA
| | - Trevor B. Romsdahl
- Department of Biological SciencesBioDiscovery InstituteUniversity of North TexasDentonTXUSA
| | - Anji Reddy Konda
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Edgar B. Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Michael K. Dowd
- Commodity Utilization Research UnitUSDA‐ARS‐SRRCNew OrleansLAUSA
| | | | | | - Kent D. Chapman
- Department of Biological SciencesBioDiscovery InstituteUniversity of North TexasDentonTXUSA
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Hellmann H, Goyer A, Navarre DA. Antioxidants in Potatoes: A Functional View on One of the Major Food Crops Worldwide. Molecules 2021; 26:2446. [PMID: 33922183 PMCID: PMC8122721 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With a growing world population, accelerating climate changes, and limited arable land, it is critical to focus on plant-based resources for sustainable food production. In addition, plants are a cornucopia for secondary metabolites, of which many have robust antioxidative capacities and are beneficial for human health. Potato is one of the major food crops worldwide, and is recognized by the United Nations as an excellent food source for an increasing world population. Potato tubers are rich in a plethora of antioxidants with an array of health-promoting effects. This review article provides a detailed overview about the biosynthesis, chemical and health-promoting properties of the most abundant antioxidants in potato tubers, including several vitamins, carotenoids and phenylpropanoids. The dietary contribution of diverse commercial and primitive cultivars are detailed and document that potato contributes much more than just complex carbohydrates to the diet. Finally, the review provides insights into the current and future potential of potato-based systems as tools and resources for healthy and sustainable food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjo Hellmann
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Aymeric Goyer
- Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Hermiston, OR 97838, USA;
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Jiang L, Strobbe S, Van Der Straeten D, Zhang C. Regulation of plant vitamin metabolism: backbone of biofortification for the alleviation of hidden hunger. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:40-60. [PMID: 33545049 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
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15
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Hagely K, Konda AR, Kim JH, Cahoon EB, Bilyeu K. Molecular-assisted breeding for soybean with high oleic/low linolenic acid and elevated vitamin E in the seed oil. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:3. [PMID: 37309527 PMCID: PMC10231563 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-020-01184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The uses of vegetable oils are determined by functional properties arising from their chemical composition. Soybean oil was previously used in margarines and baked foods after partial hydrogenation to achieve heat and oxidative stability. This process, however, generates trans fats that are now excluded from food use because of cardiovascular health risks. Also present in soybean oil are the anti-oxidant tocopherols, with α-tocopherol (vitamin E) typically present as a minor component compared to γ-tocopherol. Genetic improvement of the fatty acid profile and tocopherol profile is an attractive solution to increase the functional and health qualities of soybean oil. The objective of this research was to develop resources to directly select with molecular markers for the elevated vitamin E trait in soybean oil and to use a molecular breeding approach to combine elevated vitamin E with the high oleic/low linolenic acid seed oil trait that improves oil functionality and nutrition. New soybean germplasm was developed from the molecular breeding strategy that selected for alleles of six targeted genes. Seed oil from the novel soybean germplasm was confirmed to contain increased vitamin E α-tocopherol along with a high oleic acid/low linolenic acid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Hagely
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Anji Reddy Konda
- Center for Plant Science Innovation & Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - Jeong-Hwa Kim
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Edgar B. Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation & Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - Kristin Bilyeu
- USDA/ARS Plant Genetics Research Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
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16
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Abstract
The paper focuses on the selected plant lipid issues. Classification, nomenclature, and abundance of fatty acids was discussed. Then, classification, composition, role, and organization of lipids were displayed. The involvement of lipids in xantophyll cycle and glycerolipids synthesis (as the most abundant of all lipid classes) were also discussed. Moreover, in order to better understand the biomembranes remodeling, the model (artificial) membranes, mimicking the naturally occurring membranes are employed and the survey on their composition and application in different kind of research was performed. High level of lipids remodeling in the plant membranes under different environmental conditions, e.g., nutrient deficiency, temperature stress, salinity or drought was proved. The key advantage of lipid research was the conclusion that lipids could serve as the markers of plant physiological condition and the detailed knowledge on lipids chemistry will allow to modify their composition for industrial needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Reszczyńska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Hanaka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
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17
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Fermentative production of Vitamin E tocotrienols in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under cold-shock-triggered temperature control. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5155. [PMID: 33056995 PMCID: PMC7560618 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The diverse physiological functions of tocotrienols have listed them as valuable supplementations to α-tocopherol-dominated Vitamin E products. To make tocotrienols more readily available, tocotrienols-producing S. cerevisiae has been constructed by combining the heterologous genes from photosynthetic organisms with the endogenous shikimate pathway and mevalonate pathway. After identification and elimination of metabolic bottlenecks and enhancement of precursors supply, the engineered yeast can produce tocotrienols at yield of up to 7.6 mg/g dry cell weight (DCW). In particular, proper truncation of the N-terminal transit peptide from the plant-sourced enzymes is crucial. To further solve the conflict between cell growth and tocotrienols accumulation so as to enable high-density fermentation, a cold-shock-triggered temperature control system is designed for efficient control of two-stage fermentation, leading to production of 320 mg/L tocotrienols. The success in high-density fermentation of tocotrienols by engineered yeast sheds light on the potential of fermentative production of vitamin E tocochromanols. Tocotrienols are valuable supplementations to α-tocopherol-dominated Vitamin E products. Here, the authors engineer baker’s yeast by combining the heterologous genes from photosynthetic organisms with the endogenous pathway for the production of tocotrienols under cold-shock-triggered temperature control.
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Zeng Z, Han N, Liu C, Buerte B, Zhou C, Chen J, Wang M, Zhang Y, Tang Y, Zhu M, Wang J, Yang Y, Bian H. Functional dissection of HGGT and HPT in barley vitamin E biosynthesis via CRISPR/Cas9-enabled genome editing. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 126:929-942. [PMID: 32575125 PMCID: PMC7539355 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vitamin E (tocochromanol) is a lipid-soluble antioxidant and an essential nutrient for human health. Among cereal crops, barley (Hordeum vulgare) contains a high level of vitamin E, which includes both tocopherols and tocotrienols. Although the vitamin E biosynthetic pathway has been characterized in dicots, such as Arabidopsis, which only accumulate tocopherols, knowledge regarding vitamin E biosynthesis in monocots is limited because of the lack of functional mutants. This study aimed to obtain gene knockout mutants to elucidate the genetic control of vitamin E composition in barley. METHODS Targeted knockout mutations of HvHPT and HvHGGT in barley were created with CRISPR/Cas9-enabled genome editing. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to analyse the content of tocochromanol isomers in transgene-free homozygous Hvhpt and Hvhggt mutants. KEY RESULTS Mutagenesis efficiency among T0 regenerated plantlets was 50-65 % as a result of two simultaneously expressed guide RNAs targeting each gene; most of the mutations were stably inherited by the next generation. The transgene-free homozygous mutants of Hvhpt and Hvhggt exhibited decreased grain size and weight, and the HvHGGT mutation led to a shrunken phenotype and significantly lower total starch content in grains. HPLC analysis revealed that targeted mutation of HvHPT significantly reduced the content of both tocopherols and tocotrienols, whereas mutations in HvHGGT completely blocked tocotrienol biosynthesis in barley grains. Transient overexpression of an HvHPT homologue in tobacco leaves significantly increased the production of γ- and δ-tocopherols, which may partly explain why targeted mutation of HvHPT in barley grains did not eliminate tocopherol production. CONCLUSIONS Our results functionally validated that HvHGGT is the only committed gene for the production of tocotrienols, whereas HvHPT is partly responsible for tocopherol biosynthesis in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanghui Zeng
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Han
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - B Buerte
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenlu Zhou
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianshu Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Yawei Tang
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Muyuan Zhu
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhui Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinong Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environment Microbiology, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Hongwu Bian
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- For correspondence. E-mail
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