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Somplatzki S, Mühlenhoff M, Kröger A, Gerardy-Schahn R, Böldicke T. Intrabodies against the Polysialyltransferases ST8SiaII and ST8SiaIV inhibit Polysialylation of NCAM in rhabdomyosarcoma tumor cells. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:42. [PMID: 28499450 PMCID: PMC5429572 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polysialic acid (polySia) is a carbohydrate modification of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), which is implicated in neural differentiation and plays an important role in tumor development and metastasis. Polysialylation of NCAM is mediated by two Golgi-resident polysialyltransferases (polyST) ST8SiaII and ST8SiaIV. Intracellular antibodies (intrabodies; IB) expressed inside the ER and retaining proteins passing the ER such as cell surface receptors or secretory proteins provide an efficient means of protein knockdown. To inhibit the function of ST8SiaII and ST8SiaIV specific ER IBs were generated starting from two corresponding hybridoma clones. Both IBs αST8SiaII-IB and αST8SiaIV-IB were constructed in the scFv format and their functions characterized in vitro and in vivo. Results IBs directed against the polySTs prevented the translocation of the enzymes from the ER to the Golgi-apparatus. Co-immunoprecipitation of ST8SiaII and ST8SiaIV with the corresponding IBs confirmed the intracellular interaction with their cognate antigens. In CHO cells overexpressing ST8SiaII and ST8SiaIV, respectively, the transfection with αST8SiaII-IB or αST8SiaIV-IB inhibited significantly the cell surface expression of polysialylated NCAM. Furthermore stable expression of ST8SiaII-IB, ST8SiaIV-IB and luciferase in the rhabdomyosarcoma cell line TE671 reduced cell surface expression of polySia and delayed tumor growth if cells were xenografted into C57BL/6 J RAG-2 mice. Conclusion Data obtained strongly indicate that αST8SiaII-IB and αST8SiaIV-IB are promising experimental tools to analyze the individual role of the two enzymes during brain development and during migration and proliferation of tumor cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-017-0360-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Somplatzki
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Structural and Functional Protein Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, D-38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martina Mühlenhoff
- Institute of Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, D-30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Kröger
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Group Innate Immunity and Infection, Inhoffenstraße 7, D-38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rita Gerardy-Schahn
- Institute of Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, D-30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Böldicke
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Structural and Functional Protein Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, D-38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Marschall ALJ, Dübel S, Böldicke T. Specific in vivo knockdown of protein function by intrabodies. MAbs 2015; 7:1010-35. [PMID: 26252565 PMCID: PMC4966517 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1076601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular antibodies (intrabodies) are recombinant antibody fragments that bind to target proteins expressed inside of the same living cell producing the antibodies. The molecules are commonly used to study the function of the target proteins (i.e., their antigens). The intrabody technology is an attractive alternative to the generation of gene-targeted knockout animals, and complements knockdown techniques such as RNAi, miRNA and small molecule inhibitors, by-passing various limitations and disadvantages of these methods. The advantages of intrabodies include very high specificity for the target, the possibility to knock down several protein isoforms by one intrabody and targeting of specific splice variants or even post-translational modifications. Different types of intrabodies must be designed to target proteins at different locations, typically either in the cytoplasm, in the nucleus or in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Most straightforward is the use of intrabodies retained in the ER (ER intrabodies) to knock down the function of proteins passing the ER, which disturbs the function of members of the membrane or plasma proteomes. More effort is needed to functionally knock down cytoplasmic or nuclear proteins because in this case antibodies need to provide an inhibitory effect and must be able to fold in the reducing milieu of the cytoplasm. In this review, we present a broad overview of intrabody technology, as well as applications both of ER and cytoplasmic intrabodies, which have yielded valuable insights in the biology of many targets relevant for drug development, including α-synuclein, TAU, BCR-ABL, ErbB-2, EGFR, HIV gp120, CCR5, IL-2, IL-6, β-amyloid protein and p75NTR. Strategies for the generation of intrabodies and various designs of their applications are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea LJ Marschall
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics; Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Dübel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics; Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Böldicke
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Recombinant Protein Expression/Intrabody Unit, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig, Germany
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Ordóñez A, Pérez J, Tan L, Dickens JA, Motamedi-Shad N, Irving JA, Haq I, Ekeowa U, Marciniak SJ, Miranda E, Lomas DA. A single-chain variable fragment intrabody prevents intracellular polymerization of Z α1-antitrypsin while allowing its antiproteinase activity. FASEB J 2015; 29:2667-78. [PMID: 25757566 PMCID: PMC4548814 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-267351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mutant Z α1-antitrypsin (E342K) accumulates as polymers within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of hepatocytes predisposing to liver disease, whereas low levels of circulating Z α1-antitrypsin lead to emphysema by loss of inhibition of neutrophil elastase. The ideal therapy should prevent polymer formation while preserving inhibitory activity. Here we used mAb technology to identify interactors with Z α1-antitrypsin that comply with both requirements. We report the generation of an mAb (4B12) that blocked α1-antitrypsin polymerization in vitro at a 1:1 molar ratio, causing a small increase of the stoichiometry of inhibition for neutrophil elastase. A single-chain variable fragment (scFv) intrabody was generated based on the sequence of mAb4B12. The expression of scFv4B12 within the ER (scFv4B12KDEL) and along the secretory pathway (scFv4B12) reduced the intracellular polymerization of Z α1-antitrypsin by 60%. The scFv4B12 intrabody also increased the secretion of Z α1-antitrypsin that retained inhibitory activity against neutrophil elastase. MAb4B12 recognized a discontinuous epitope probably located in the region of helices A/C/G/H/I and seems to act by altering protein dynamics rather than binding preferentially to the native state. This novel approach could reveal new target sites for small-molecule intervention that may block the transition to aberrant polymers without compromising the inhibitory activity of Z α1-antitrypsin.—Ordóñez, A., Pérez, J., Tan, L., Dickens, J. A., Motamedi-Shad, N., Irving, J. A., Haq, I., Ekeowa, U., Marciniak, S. J., Miranda, E., Lomas, D. A. A single-chain variable fragment intrabody prevents intracellular polymerization of Z α1-antitrypsin while allowing its antiproteinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Ordóñez
- *Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, "Charles Darwin," and Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Juan Pérez
- *Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, "Charles Darwin," and Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lu Tan
- *Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, "Charles Darwin," and Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Jennifer A Dickens
- *Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, "Charles Darwin," and Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Neda Motamedi-Shad
- *Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, "Charles Darwin," and Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - James A Irving
- *Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, "Charles Darwin," and Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Imran Haq
- *Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, "Charles Darwin," and Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Ekeowa
- *Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, "Charles Darwin," and Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- *Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, "Charles Darwin," and Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Miranda
- *Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, "Charles Darwin," and Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - David A Lomas
- *Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, "Charles Darwin," and Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Reimer E, Somplatzki S, Zegenhagen D, Hänel S, Fels A, Bollhorst T, Hovest LG, Bauer S, Kirschning CJ, Böldicke T. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel anti-TLR9 intrabody. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2013; 18:433-46. [PMID: 23893288 PMCID: PMC6275677 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-013-0098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is a component of the innate immune system, which recognizes the DNA of both pathogens and hosts. Thus, it can drive autoimmune diseases. Intracellular antibodies expressed inside the ER block transitory protein functions by inhibiting the translocation of the protein from the ER to its subcellular destination. Here, we describe the construction and characterization of an anti-TLR9 ER intrabody (αT9ib). The respective single-chain Fv comprises the variable domains of the heavy and light chain of a monoclonal antibody (mAb; 5G5) towards human and murine TLR9. Co-expression of αT9ib and mouse TLR9 in HEK293 cells resulted in co-localization of both molecules with the ER marker calnexin. Co-immunoprecipitation of mouse TLR9 with αT9ib indicated that αT9ib interacts with its cognate antigen. The expression of αT9ib inhibited NF-κB-driven reporter gene activation upon CpG DNA challenge but not the activation of TLR3 or TLR4. Consequently, TLR9-driven TNFα production was inhibited in RAW264.7 macrophages upon transfection with the αT9ib expression plasmid. The αT9ib-encoding open reading frame was integrated into an adenoviral cosmid vector to produce the recombinant adenovirus (AdV)-αT9ib. Transduction with AdVαT9ib specifically inhibited TLR9-driven cellular TNFα release. These data strongly indicate that αT9ib is a very promising experimental tool to block TLR9 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Reimer
- Department of Gene Regulation and Differentiation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Somplatzki
- Department of Gene Regulation and Differentiation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Diana Zegenhagen
- Department of Gene Regulation and Differentiation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Svenja Hänel
- Department of Gene Regulation and Differentiation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alina Fels
- Department of Gene Regulation and Differentiation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bollhorst
- Department of Gene Regulation and Differentiation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ludger Grosse Hovest
- Department of Immunology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bauer
- Institut für Immunologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Straße 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Carsten J. Kirschning
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Böldicke
- Department of Gene Regulation and Differentiation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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