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Xiao G, Feng Z, Xu C, Huang X, Chen M, Zhao M, Li Y, Gao Y, Wu S, Shen Y, Peng Y. 206,977 newborn screening results reveal the ethnic differences in the spectrum of inborn errors of metabolism in Huaihua, China. Front Genet 2024; 15:1387423. [PMID: 38784038 PMCID: PMC11112075 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1387423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are rare diseases caused by inherited defects in various biochemical pathways that strongly correlate with early neonatal mortality and stunting. Currently, no studies have reported on the incidence of IEMs of multi-ethnic groups in Huaihua, China. Methods A total of 206,977 neonates with self-reported ethnicity who underwent IEM screening at Huaihua from 2015 to 2021 were selected for observation. Among them, 69 suspected IEM-positive neonates were referred for urine gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, biochemical detection, next-generation sequencing, and Sanger sequencing. Results Sixty-nine newborns were diagnosed with IEMs, with an overall incidence of 1:3,000. The two most common disorders were 2-methylbutyryl glycinuria (1:7,137) and phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency (1:22,997). Moreover, the incidence of IEMs in the minority ethnic group (Miao, Dong, Tujia and Yao) (1:1,852) was markedly higher than in the Han ethnic group (1:4,741). Some ethnic features variants were identified; NM_001609.4:c.1165A>G in the ACADSB gene for Miao and Dong ethnic groups, NM_014251.2:c.852_855del in the SLC25A13 gene for Miao ethnic groups. Conclusion This study revealed the IEM incidence within the minority ethnic groups is markedly higher than among the Han nationality and the gene variant spectrum is dramatically different in Huaihua, China. Hence, It serves as a theoretical reference for the screening and diagnosing of neonatal IEMs of multi-ethnic groups in the Huaihua area, and across China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xiao
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Huaihua City Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huaihua, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zonghui Feng
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Huaihua City Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huaihua, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chaochao Xu
- Technical Support Center, Zhejiang Biosan Biochemical Technologies Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuzhen Huang
- Technical Support Center, Zhejiang Biosan Biochemical Technologies Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Maosheng Chen
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Huaihua City Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huaihua, Hunan Province, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Huaihua City Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huaihua, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Huaihua City Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huaihua, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Huaihua City Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huaihua, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shulin Wu
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Huaihua City Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huaihua, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuyan Shen
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Huaihua City Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huaihua, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Changsha, China
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2
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Lin SJ, Vona B, Lau T, Huang K, Zaki MS, Aldeen HS, Karimiani EG, Rocca C, Noureldeen MM, Saad AK, Petree C, Bartolomaeus T, Abou Jamra R, Zifarelli G, Gotkhindikar A, Wentzensen IM, Liao M, Cork EE, Varshney P, Hashemi N, Mohammadi MH, Rad A, Neira J, Toosi MB, Knopp C, Kurth I, Challman TD, Smith R, Abdalla A, Haaf T, Suri M, Joshi M, Chung WK, Moreno-De-Luca A, Houlden H, Maroofian R, Varshney GK. Evaluating the association of biallelic OGDHL variants with significant phenotypic heterogeneity. Genome Med 2023; 15:102. [PMID: 38031187 PMCID: PMC10688095 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biallelic variants in OGDHL, encoding part of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, have been associated with highly heterogeneous neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the validity of this association remains to be confirmed. A second OGDHL patient cohort was recruited to carefully assess the gene-disease relationship. METHODS Using an unbiased genotype-first approach, we screened large, multiethnic aggregated sequencing datasets worldwide for biallelic OGDHL variants. We used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate zebrafish knockouts of ogdhl, ogdh paralogs, and dhtkd1 to investigate functional relationships and impact during development. Functional complementation with patient variant transcripts was conducted to systematically assess protein functionality as a readout for pathogenicity. RESULTS A cohort of 14 individuals from 12 unrelated families exhibited highly variable clinical phenotypes, with the majority of them presenting at least one additional variant, potentially accounting for a blended phenotype and complicating phenotypic understanding. We also uncovered extreme clinical heterogeneity and high allele frequencies, occasionally incompatible with a fully penetrant recessive disorder. Human cDNA of previously described and new variants were tested in an ogdhl zebrafish knockout model, adding functional evidence for variant reclassification. We disclosed evidence of hypomorphic alleles as well as a loss-of-function variant without deleterious effects in zebrafish variant testing also showing discordant familial segregation, challenging the relationship of OGDHL as a conventional Mendelian gene. Going further, we uncovered evidence for a complex compensatory relationship among OGDH, OGDHL, and DHTKD1 isoenzymes that are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and exhibit complex transcriptional compensation patterns with partial functional redundancy. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of genetic, clinical, and functional studies, we formed three hypotheses in which to frame observations: biallelic OGDHL variants lead to a highly variable monogenic disorder, variants in OGDHL are following a complex pattern of inheritance, or they may not be causative at all. Our study further highlights the continuing challenges of assessing the validity of reported disease-gene associations and effects of variants identified in these genes. This is particularly more complicated in making genetic diagnoses based on identification of variants in genes presenting a highly heterogenous phenotype such as "OGDHL-related disorders".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jia Lin
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Barbara Vona
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Center, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Tracy Lau
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin Huang
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Huda Shujaa Aldeen
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace London, London, UK
| | - Clarissa Rocca
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mahmoud M Noureldeen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed K Saad
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Cassidy Petree
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Tobias Bartolomaeus
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rami Abou Jamra
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Emalyn Elise Cork
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pratishtha Varshney
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Narges Hashemi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Aboulfazl Rad
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Center, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Juanita Neira
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Mehran Beiraghi Toosi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Cordula Knopp
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Thomas D Challman
- Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Smith
- Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - Asmahan Abdalla
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Gaafar Ibn Auf Children's Tertiary Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Thomas Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mohnish Suri
- Nottingham Clinical Genetics Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Manali Joshi
- Bioinformatics Centre, S. P. Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospitaland, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andres Moreno-De-Luca
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Gaurav K Varshney
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Houten SM, Dodatko T, Dwyer W, Violante S, Chen H, Stauffer B, DeVita RJ, Vaz FM, Cross JR, Yu C, Leandro J. Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase substrate promiscuity: Challenges and opportunities for development of substrate reduction therapy in disorders of valine and isoleucine metabolism. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:931-942. [PMID: 37309295 PMCID: PMC10526699 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity of accumulating substrates is a significant problem in several disorders of valine and isoleucine degradation notably short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECHS1 or crotonase) deficiency, 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase (HIBCH) deficiency, propionic acidemia (PA), and methylmalonic aciduria (MMA). Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACAD8) and short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SBCAD, ACADSB) function in the valine and isoleucine degradation pathways, respectively. Deficiencies of these acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACAD) enzymes are considered biochemical abnormalities with limited or no clinical consequences. We investigated whether substrate reduction therapy through inhibition of ACAD8 and SBCAD can limit the accumulation of toxic metabolic intermediates in disorders of valine and isoleucine metabolism. Using analysis of acylcarnitine isomers, we show that 2-methylenecyclopropaneacetic acid (MCPA) inhibited SBCAD, isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, but not ACAD8. MCPA treatment of wild-type and PA HEK-293 cells caused a pronounced decrease in C3-carnitine. Furthermore, deletion of ACADSB in HEK-293 cells led to an equally strong decrease in C3-carnitine when compared to wild-type cells. Deletion of ECHS1 in HEK-293 cells caused a defect in lipoylation of the E2 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which was not rescued by ACAD8 deletion. MCPA was able to rescue lipoylation in ECHS1 KO cells, but only in cells with prior ACAD8 deletion. SBCAD was not the sole ACAD responsible for this compensation, which indicates substantial promiscuity of ACADs in HEK-293 cells for the isobutyryl-CoA substrate. Substrate promiscuity appeared less prominent for 2-methylbutyryl-CoA at least in HEK-293 cells. We suggest that pharmacological inhibition of SBCAD to treat PA should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander M. Houten
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tetyana Dodatko
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - William Dwyer
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sara Violante
- The Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Hongjie Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Brandon Stauffer
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Robert J. DeVita
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Drug Discovery Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Frédéric M. Vaz
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Inborn errors of metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Justin R. Cross
- The Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Chunli Yu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - João Leandro
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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4
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He XY, Dobkin C, Brown WT, Yang SY. Infantile Neurodegeneration Results from Mutants of 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 10 Rather Than Aβ-Binding Alcohol Dehydrogenase. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108487. [PMID: 37239833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 10 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD10), a homo-tetrameric multifunctional protein with 1044 residues encoded by the HSD17B10 gene, is necessary for brain cognitive function. Missense mutations result in infantile neurodegeneration, an inborn error in isoleucine metabolism. A 5-methylcytosine hotspot underlying a 388-T transition leads to the HSD10 (p.R130C) mutant to be responsible for approximately half of all cases suffering with this mitochondrial disease. Fewer females suffer with this disease due to X-inactivation. The binding capability of this dehydrogenase to Aβ-peptide may play a role in Alzheimer's disease, but it appears unrelated to infantile neurodegeneration. Research on this enzyme was complicated by reports of a purported Aβ-peptide-binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD), formerly referred to as endoplasmic-reticulum-associated Aβ-binding protein (ERAB). Reports concerning both ABAD and ERAB in the literature reflect features inconsistent with the known functions of 17β-HSD10. It is clarified here that ERAB is reportedly a longer subunit of 17β-HSD10 (262 residues). 17β-HSD10 exhibits L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity and is thus also referred to in the literature as short-chain 3-hydorxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase or type II 3-hydorxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. However, 17β-HSD10 is not involved in ketone body metabolism, as reported in the literature for ABAD. Reports in the literature referring to ABAD (i.e., 17β-HSD10) as a generalized alcohol dehydrogenase, relying on data underlying ABAD's activities, were found to be unreproducible. Furthermore, the rediscovery of ABAD/ERAB's mitochondrial localization did not cite any published research on 17β-HSD10. Clarification of the purported ABAD/ERAB function derived from these reports on ABAD/ERAB may invigorate this research field and encourage new approaches to the understanding and treatment of HSD17B10-gene-related disorders. We establish here that infantile neurodegeneration is caused by mutants of 17β-HSD10 but not ABAD, and so we conclude that ABAD represents a misnomer employed in high-impact journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ying He
- Department of Molecular Biology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Carl Dobkin
- Department of Human Genetics, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - William Ted Brown
- Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Song-Yu Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Biology-Neuroscience, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
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5
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Shi M, He J, Li C, Lu X, He WJ, Cao J, Chen J, Chen JC, Bazzano LA, Li JX, He H, Gu D, Kelly TN. Metabolomics study of blood pressure salt-sensitivity and hypertension. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1681-1692. [PMID: 35599090 PMCID: PMC9596959 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Identify novel metabolite associations with blood pressure (BP) salt-sensitivity and hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS The Genetic Epidemiology Network of Salt Sensitivity (GenSalt) Replication study includes 698 Chinese participants who underwent a 3-day baseline examination followed by a 7-day low-sodium feeding and 7-day high-sodium feeding. Latent mixture models identified three trajectories of blood pressure (BP) responses to the sodium interventions. We selected 50 most highly salt-sensitive and 50 most salt-resistant participants for untargeted metabolomics profiling. Multivariable adjusted mixed logistic regression models tested the associations of baseline metabolites with BP salt-sensitivity. Multivariable adjusted mixed linear regression models tested the associations of BP salt-sensitivity with metabolite changes during the sodium interventions. Identified metabolites were tested for associations with hypertension among 1249 Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS) participants using multiple logistic regression. Fifteen salt-sensitivity metabolites were associated with hypertension in the BHS. Baseline values of serine, 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine and isoleucine directly associated with high salt-sensitivity. Among them, serine indirectly associated with hypertension while 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine and isoleucine directly associated with hypertension. Baseline salt-sensitivity status predicted changes in 14 metabolites when switching to low-sodium or high-sodium interventions. Among them, glutamate, 1-carboxyethylvaline, 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine, 3-methoxytyramine sulfate, glucose, alpha-ketoglutarate, hexanoylcarnitine, gamma-glutamylisoleucine, gamma-glutamylleucine, and gamma-glutamylphenylalanine directly associated with hypertension. Conversely, serine, histidine, threonate and 5-methyluridine indirectly associated with hypertension. Together, these metabolites explained an additional 7% of hypertension susceptibility when added to a model including traditional risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings contribute to the molecular characterization of BP response to sodium and provide novel biological insights into salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States; Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Changwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Xiangfeng Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - William J He
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States; Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Ji-Chun Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lydia A Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Jian-Xin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tanika N Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.
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Rossi A, Turturo M, Albano L, Fecarotta S, Barretta F, Crisci D, Gallo G, Perfetto R, Uomo F, Vallone F, Villani G, Strisciuglio P, Parenti G, Frisso G, Ruoppolo M. Long-term monitoring for short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: A single-center 4-year experience and open issues. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:895921. [PMID: 36147814 PMCID: PMC9485620 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.895921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SBCADD) is an inherited disorder of L-isoleucine metabolism due to mutations in the ACADSB gene. The role of current diagnostic biomarkers [i.e., blood 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine (C5) and urine 2-methylbutyrylglycine (2MBG)] in patient monitoring and the effects of proposed treatments remain uncertain as follow-data are lacking. This study presents first systematic longitudinal biochemical assessment in SBCADD patients. METHODS A retrospective, observational single-center study was conducted on newborns born between 2017 and 2020 and suspected with SBCADD. Biochemical, molecular, clinical and dietary data collected upon NBS recall and during the subsequent follow-up were recorded. RESULTS All enrolled subjects (n = 10) received adequate protein intake and L-carnitine supplementation. Nine subjects were diagnosed with SBCADD. During the follow-up [median: 20.5 (4-40) months] no patient developed symptoms related to SBCADD. No patient normalized serum C5 and urine 2MBG values. In 7/9 SBCADD patients mean serum C5 values decreased or stabilized compared to their first serum C5 value. A major increase in serum C5 values was observed in two patients after L-carnitine discontinuation and during intercurrent illness, respectively. Urine 2MBG values showed moderate intra-patient variability. DISCUSSION The relatively stable serum C5 values observed during L-carnitine supplementation together with C5 increase occurring upon L-carnitine discontinuation/intercurrent illness may support the value of serum C5 as a monitoring biomarker and the benefit of this treatment in SBCADD patients. The role of urine 2MBG in patient monitoring remains uncertain. As all patients were asymptomatic, no association between biochemical parameters and clinical phenotype could be investigated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rossi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Turturo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Albano
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Fecarotta
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Barretta
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Rosa Perfetto
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Uomo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Guglielmo Villani
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Strisciuglio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Parenti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l, Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Ruoppolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l, Naples, Italy
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7
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Sander J, Terhardt M, Janzen N. Severe Inhibition of Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Enoylhydratase (EC 4.2.1.74) in a Newborn Foal Suffering From Atypical Myopathy. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:765623. [PMID: 34765670 PMCID: PMC8576321 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.765623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In horses, congenital defects of energy production from long-chain fatty acids have not been described so far. In contrast, inhibition of fatty acid degradation caused by the toxins hypoglycin A and methylenecyclopropylglycine from various maple species are observed frequently. These non-proteinogenic aminoacids are passed on placentally to fetuses or with collostrum or milk to newborn foals. Nevertheless, newborn foals become very rarely symptomatic. Vertical transmission apparently is not sufficient to induce clinical disease without a particular genetic constellation being present. One of these rare cases was investigated here using samples from a mare and her foal. Intoxication by hypoglycin A and methylenecyclopropylglycine is also of interest to human pathology, because these toxins have caused fatal poisonings after consumption of certain fruits many times, especially in children. Maple toxins, their metabolites and some short-chain acyl compounds were quantified by ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. An comprehensive spectrum of long-chain acylcarnitines was prepared using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Organic acids and acylglycines were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. For evaluation, results of other horses poisoned by maple material as well as unaffected control animals were used. In the serum of the foal, hypoglycin A was detected at a low concentration only. Toxin metabolites reached <3.5% of the mean of a comparison group of horses suffering from atypical myopathy. The spectrum of acylcarnitines indicated enzyme inhibition in short-chain and medium-chain regions typical of acer poisoning, but the measured concentrations did not exceed those previously found in clinically healthy animals after maple consumption. The values were not sufficient to explain the clinical symptoms. In contrast, a remarkably strong enrichment of tetradecenoylcarnitine and hexadecenoylcarnitine was observed. This proves a blockade of the long-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase (EC 4.2.1.74). Vertical transfer of maple toxins to a newborn foal is sufficient for induction of clinical disease only if there is an additional specific reactivity to the active toxins. This was found here in an inhibition of long-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase. Isolated dysfunction of this enzyme has not yet been reported in any species. Further studies are necessary to prove a specific genetic defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Sander
- Screening-Labor Hannover, Hanover, Germany.,Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Nils Janzen
- Screening-Labor Hannover, Hanover, Germany.,Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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8
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Li M, Tian X, Li X, Huang M, Huang S, Wu Y, Jiang M, Shi Y, Shi L, Wang Z. Diverse energy metabolism patterns in females in Neodon fuscus, Lasiopodomys brandtii, and Mus musculus revealed by comparative transcriptomics under hypoxic conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:147130. [PMID: 34088150 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of global warming and anthropogenic disturbance force animals to migrate from lower to higher elevations to find suitable new habitats. As such migrations increase hypoxic stress on the animals, it is important to understand how plateau- and plain-dwelling animals respond to low-oxygen environments. We used comparative transcriptomics to explore the response of Neodon fuscus, Lasiopodomys brandtii, and Mus musculus skeletal muscle tissues to hypoxic conditions. Results indicate that these species have adopted different oxygen transport and energy metabolism strategies for dealing with a hypoxic environment. N. fuscus promotes oxygen transport by increasing hemoglobin synthesis and reduces the risk of thrombosis through cooperative regulation of genes, including Fga, Fgb, Alb, and Ttr; genes such as Acs16, Gpat4, and Ndufb7 are involved in regulating lipid synthesis, fatty acid β-oxidation, hemoglobin synthesis, and electron-linked transmission, thereby maintaining a normal energy supply in hypoxic conditions. In contrast, the oxygen-carrying capacity and angiogenesis of red blood cells in L. brandtii are promoted by genes in the CYP and COL families; this species maintains its bodily energy supply by enhancing the pentose phosphate pathway and mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis pathway. However, under hypoxia, M. musculus cannot effectively transport additional oxygen; thus, its cell cycle, proliferation, and migration are somewhat affected. Given its lack of hypoxic tolerance experience, M. musculus also shows significantly reduced oxidative phosphorylation levels under hypoxic conditions. Our results suggest that the glucose capacity of M. musculus skeletal muscle does not provide sufficient energy during hypoxia; thus, we hypothesize that it supplements its bodily energy by synthesizing ketone bodies. For the first time, we describe the energy metabolism pathways of N. fuscus and L. brandtii skeletal muscle tissues under hypoxic conditions. Our findings, therefore, improve our understanding of how vertebrates thrive in high altitude and plain habitats when faced with hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiangyu Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Maolin Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shuang Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yue Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Mengwan Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yuhua Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Luye Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; School of Physical Education (Main campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
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9
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Spedicati B, Cocca M, Palmisano R, Faletra F, Barbieri C, Francescatto M, Mezzavilla M, Morgan A, Pelliccione G, Gasparini P, Girotto G. Natural human knockouts and Mendelian disorders: deep phenotyping in Italian isolates. Eur J Hum Genet 2021; 29:1272-1281. [PMID: 33727708 PMCID: PMC8384846 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-00850-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole genome sequencing (WGS) allows the identification of human knockouts (HKOs), individuals in whom loss of function (LoF) variants disrupt both alleles of a given gene. HKOs are a valuable model for understanding the consequences of genes function loss. Naturally occurring biallelic LoF variants tend to be significantly enriched in "genetic isolates," making these populations specifically suited for HKO studies. In this work, a meticulous WGS data analysis combined with an in-depth phenotypic assessment of 947 individuals from three Italian genetic isolates led to the identification of ten biallelic LoF variants in ten OMIM genes associated with known autosomal recessive diseases. Notably, only a minority of the identified HKOs (C7, F12, and GPR68 genes) displayed the expected phenotype. For most of the genes, instead, (ACADSB, FANCL, GRK1, LGI4, MPO, PGAM2, and RP1L1), the carriers showed none or few of the signs and symptoms typically associated with the related diseases. Of particular interest is a case presenting with a FANCL biallelic LoF variant and a positive diepoxybutane test but lacking a full Fanconi anemia phenotypic spectrum. Identifying KO subjects displaying expected phenotypes suggests that the lack of correct genetic diagnoses may lead to inappropriate and delayed treatment. In contrast, the presence of HKOs with phenotypes deviating from the expected patterns underlines how LoF variants may be responsible for broader phenotypic spectra. Overall, these results highlight the importance of in-depth phenotypical characterization to understand the role of LoF variants and the advantage of studying these variants in genetic isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Spedicati
- grid.5133.40000 0001 1941 4308Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Cocca
- grid.418712.90000 0004 1760 7415Institute for Maternal and Child Health – I.R.C.C.S. “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Palmisano
- grid.5133.40000 0001 1941 4308Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavio Faletra
- grid.418712.90000 0004 1760 7415Institute for Maternal and Child Health – I.R.C.C.S. “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Caterina Barbieri
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Francescatto
- grid.5133.40000 0001 1941 4308Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Massimo Mezzavilla
- grid.418712.90000 0004 1760 7415Institute for Maternal and Child Health – I.R.C.C.S. “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Anna Morgan
- grid.418712.90000 0004 1760 7415Institute for Maternal and Child Health – I.R.C.C.S. “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Pelliccione
- grid.418712.90000 0004 1760 7415Institute for Maternal and Child Health – I.R.C.C.S. “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- grid.5133.40000 0001 1941 4308Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy ,grid.418712.90000 0004 1760 7415Institute for Maternal and Child Health – I.R.C.C.S. “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- grid.5133.40000 0001 1941 4308Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy ,grid.418712.90000 0004 1760 7415Institute for Maternal and Child Health – I.R.C.C.S. “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
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10
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Gong Y, Zhang Y, Li B, Xiao Y, Zeng Q, Xu K, Duan Y, He J, Ma H. Insight into Liver lncRNA and mRNA Profiling at Four Developmental Stages in Ningxiang Pig. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:310. [PMID: 33917834 PMCID: PMC8068270 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ningxiang pigs, a fat-type pig, are native to Ningxiang County in Hunan Province, with thousands of years of breeding history. This study aims to explore the expression profiles and functional networks on messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the liver. Liver tissue of Ningxiang piglets was collected at 30, 90, 150, and 210 days after birth (four development stages), and the mRNA and lncRNA expression was profiled. Compared to mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles, most differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were upregulated at 30 days; however, most DElncRNAs were downregulated at 210 days. Via Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), a complex interaction between mRNAs and lncRNAs was identified, indicating that lncRNAs may be a critical regulatory element for mRNAs. One module of genes in particular (module profile 4) was related to fibril organization, vasculogenesis, GTPase activator activity, and regulation of kinase activity. The mRNAs and lncRNAs in module profile 4 had a similar pattern of expression, indicating that they have functional and regulatory relationships. Only CAV1, PACSIN2, and CDC42 in the particular mRNA profile 4 were the target genes of lncRNAs in that profile, which shows the possible regulatory relationship between lncRNAs and mRNAs. The expression of these genes and lncRNAs in profile 4 was the highest at 30 days, and it is believed that these RNAs may play a critical role during the suckling period in order to meet the dietary requirements of piglets. In the lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network, the identified gene hubs and associated lncRNAs were shown to be involved in saccharide, lipid, and glucose metabolism, which may play an important role in the development and health of the liver. This result will lead to further investigation of liver lncRNA functions at various stages of development in Ningxiang pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.G.); (Y.Z.); (B.L.); (Y.X.); (Q.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Yuebo Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.G.); (Y.Z.); (B.L.); (Y.X.); (Q.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Biao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.G.); (Y.Z.); (B.L.); (Y.X.); (Q.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Yu Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.G.); (Y.Z.); (B.L.); (Y.X.); (Q.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Qinghua Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.G.); (Y.Z.); (B.L.); (Y.X.); (Q.Z.); (J.H.)
- Ningxiang Pig Farm of Dalong Livestock Technology Co. Ltd., Ningxiang 410600, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Science, Changsha 410125, China; (K.X.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yehui Duan
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Science, Changsha 410125, China; (K.X.); (Y.D.)
| | - Jianhua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.G.); (Y.Z.); (B.L.); (Y.X.); (Q.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Haiming Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.G.); (Y.Z.); (B.L.); (Y.X.); (Q.Z.); (J.H.)
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11
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Labordiagnostik bei angeborenen Stoffwechselstörungen. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-020-00938-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Lin Y, Gao H, Lin C, Chen Y, Zhou S, Lin W, Zheng Z, Li X, Li M, Fu Q. Biochemical, Clinical, and Genetic Characteristics of Short/Branched Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Chinese Patients by Newborn Screening. Front Genet 2019; 10:802. [PMID: 31555323 PMCID: PMC6727870 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SBCADD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of impaired isoleucine catabolism caused by mutations in the ACADSB gene. There are limited SBCADD cases worldwide and to date no Chinese patients with SBCADD have been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the biochemical, clinical information, and genotypes of twelve patients with SBCADD in China for the first time. The estimated incidence of SBCADD was 1 in 30,379 in Quanzhou, China. The initial newborn screening (NBS) results revealed that all patients showed slightly or moderately elevated C5 concentrations with C5/C2 and C5/C3 ratios in the reference range, which has the highest risk of being missed. All patients who underwent urinary organic acid analysis showed elevation of 2-methylburtyrylglycine in urine. All patients were asymptomatic at diagnosis, and had normal growth and development during follow-up. Eight different variants in the ACADSB gene, including five previously unreported variants were identified, namely c.596A > G (p.Tyr199Cys), c.653T > C (p.Leu218Pro), c.746del (p.Pro249Leufs*15), c.886G > T (p.Gly296*) and c.923G > A (p.Cys308Tyr). The most common variant was c.1165A > G (33.3%), followed by c.275C > G (20.8%). All previously unreported variants may cause structural damage and dysfunction of SBCAD, as predicted by bioinformatics analysis. Thus, our findings indicate that SBCADD may be more frequent in the Chinese population than previously thought and newborn screening, combined with genetic testing is important for timely diagnosis. Although the clinical course of Chinese patients with SBCADD is likely benign, longitudinal follow-up may be helpful to better understand the natural history of SBCADD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Lin
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Quanzhou Maternal and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Hongzhi Gao
- Department of Central Laboratory, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Lin
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Quanzhou Maternal and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yanru Chen
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Quanzhou Maternal and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Central Laboratory, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Weihua Lin
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Quanzhou Maternal and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhu Zheng
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Quanzhou Maternal and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Quanzhou Maternal and Children's Hospital Quanzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- Zhejiang Biosan Biochemical Technologies Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingliu Fu
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Quanzhou Maternal and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
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13
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Porta F, Chiesa N, Martinelli D, Spada M. Clinical, biochemical, and molecular spectrum of short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: two new cases and review of literature. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019; 32:101-108. [PMID: 30730842 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2018-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SBCAD) deficiency is a rare inborn error of metabolism with uncertain clinical significance. As it leads to C5-carnitine (i.e. isovalerylcarnitine, 2methylbutyrilcarnitine, or pivaloylcarnitine) elevation, SBCAD deficiency is detectable at newborn screening, requiring differential diagnosis from isovaleric acidemia and pivalic acid administration. Increased urinary excretion of 2-methylbutyrylglycine (2MBG) is the hallmark of SBCAD deficiency. Methods We report two cases of SBCAD deficiency and provide a review of the available literature on this condition. Results Two siblings newly diagnosed with SBCAD deficiency are reported. Newborn screening allowed the early diagnosis in the second-born (C5=0.5 μmol/L, normal 0.05-0.3 μmol/L) and addressed selective screening in the 5-year asymptomatic brother (C5=1.9 μmol/L). Both patients showed increased urinary excretion of 2MBG and two mutations in the ACADSB gene (c.443C>T/c.1145C>T). Currently, both the patients are asymptomatic. Longitudinal biochemical monitoring of the two patients while on treatment with carnitine (100 mg/kg/day) was provided. Based on our experience and the literature review (162 patients), SBCAD deficiency is symptomatic in about 10% of reported patients. Clinical onset occurs in newborns or later in life with seizures, developmental delay, hypotonia, and failure to thrive. On longitudinal follow-up, epilepsy, developmental delay, microcephaly, and autism can develop. Acute metabolic decompensation due to catabolic stressors can occur, as observed in one newly reported patient. Fifteen mutations in the ACADSB gene are known, including the newly identified variant c.1145C>T (p.Thr382Met), variably associated to the phenotype. In the Hmong population, SBCAD deficiency is highly prevalent, mostly due to the founder mutation c.1165A>G, and is largely asymptomatic. Conclusions Although mostly asymptomatic, considering SBCAD deficiency as a non-disease in non-Hmong subjects appears unsafe. Catabolic situations can precipitate acute metabolic decompensation. Carnitine supplementation and valproate avoidance appear to be indicated. Providing an emergency protocol for the management of acute catabolic episodes seems reasonable in asymptomatic patients with SBCAD deficiency. Longitudinal follow-up is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Porta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Diego Martinelli
- Division of Metabolism, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Spada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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14
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Minkler PE, Stoll MSK, Ingalls ST, Hoppel CL. Selective and accurate C5 acylcarnitine quantitation by UHPLC-MS/MS: Distinguishing true isovaleric acidemia from pivalate derived interference. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1061-1062:128-133. [PMID: 28734160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Tandem MS acylcarnitine "profiles" are extremely valuable. Although used appropriately in newborn screening programs to identify patients with possible diseases, their inadequate quantitative accuracy and lack of selectivity is problematic for confirmatory testing. In this report, we show the application of our validated, selective, accurate, precise, and robust UHPLC-MS/MS method for quantitation of acylcarnitines, specifically to C5 acylcarnitines: pivaloyl-, 2-methylbutyryl-, isovaleryl-, and valerylcarnitine. Standardized calibrants were used to generate 13-point, 200-fold concentration range calibration curves. Samples were isolated by solid-phase extraction and derivatized with pentafluorophenacyl trifluoromethanesulfonate. Acylcarnitine pentafluorophenacyl esters were eluted in 14min chromatograms. Data demonstrating quantitative stability and method robustness over a five year time period are shown and these results validate the method's accuracy and robustness. Urine from patients with isovaleric acidemia (with the disease marker isovalerylcarnitine) and with pivaloylcarnitine present are shown. These results demonstrate the method's ability to distinguish true isovaleric acidemia from pivalate derived interference. Our method for acylcarnitine quantitation is shown to be accurate, precise, and robust for selective quantitation of isovalerylcarnitine, and thus is recommended for confirmatory testing of suspected isovaleric acidemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Minkler
- Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Maria S K Stoll
- Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Stephen T Ingalls
- Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Charles L Hoppel
- Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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15
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Enzymes involved in branched-chain amino acid metabolism in humans. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1005-1028. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2412-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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16
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Nakouzi G, Kreidieh K, Yazbek S. A review of the diverse genetic disorders in the Lebanese population: highlighting the urgency for community genetic services. J Community Genet 2014; 6:83-105. [PMID: 25261319 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-014-0203-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The review lists the genetic diseases reported in Lebanese individuals, surveys genetic programs and services, and highlights the absence of basic genetic health services at the individual and community level. The incidence of individual diseases is not determined, yet the variety of genetic diseases reported is tremendous, most of which follow autosomal recessive inheritance reflecting the social norms in the population, including high rates of consanguinity, which favor the increase in incidence of these diseases. Genetic services including all activities for the diagnosis, care, and prevention of genetic diseases at community level are extremely inadequate. Services are limited to some clinical and laboratory diagnostic services with no genetic counseling. These services are localized within the capital thus preventing their accessibility to high-risk communities. Screening programs, which are at the core of public health prevention services, are minimal and not nationally mandated. The absence of adequate genetic services is attributed to many factors undermining the importance of genetic diseases and their burden on society, the most important of which is genetic illiteracy at all levels of the population, including high-risk families, the general public, and most importantly health care providers and public health officials. Thus, a country like Lebanon, where genetic diseases are expected to be highly prevalent, is in utmost need for community genetics services. Strategies need to be developed to familiarize public health officials and medical professionals with medical genetics leading to a public health infrastructure that delivers community genetics services for the prevention and care of genetic disorders at community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghunwa Nakouzi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
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17
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Shi P, Jia S, Zhang XX, Zhao F, Chen Y, Zhou Q, Cheng S, Li AM. A cross-omics toxicological evaluation of drinking water treated with different processes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 271:57-64. [PMID: 24598031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cross-omics profiling and phenotypic analysis were conducted to comprehensively assess the toxicities of source of drinking water (SDW), effluent of conventional treatment (ECT) and effluent of advanced treatment (EAT) in a water treatment plant. SDW feeding increased body weight, and relative liver and kidney weights of mice. Hepatic histopathological damages and serum biochemical alterations were observed in the mice fed with SDW and ECT, but EAT feeding showed no obvious effects. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that exposure to water samples caused differential expression of hundreds of genes in livers. Cluster analysis of the differentially expressed genes which generated by both microarrays and digital gene expression showed similar grouping patterns. Proteomic and metabolomics analyses indicated that drinking SDW, ECT and EAT generated 59, 145 and 41 significantly altered proteins in livers and 8, 2 and 0 altered metabolites in serum, respectively. SDW was found to affect several metabolic pathways including metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 and fatty acid metabolism. SDW and ECT might induce molecular toxicities to mice, but the advanced treatment process can reduce the potential health risk by effectively removing toxic chemicals in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Environmental Health Research Center, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuyu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Environmental Health Research Center, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xu-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Environmental Health Research Center, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Water Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Fuzheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Environmental Health Research Center, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Environmental Health Research Center, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Environmental Health Research Center, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Water Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Nanjing 210023, China; National Engineering Research Center of Organic Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shupei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Environmental Health Research Center, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ai-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Environmental Health Research Center, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Water Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Nanjing 210023, China; National Engineering Research Center of Organic Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Van Calcar SC, Baker MW, Williams P, Jones SA, Xiong B, Thao MC, Lee S, Yang MK, Rice GM, Rhead W, Vockley J, Hoffman G, Durkin MS. Prevalence and mutation analysis of short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SBCADD) detected on newborn screening in Wisconsin. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 110:111-5. [PMID: 23712021 PMCID: PMC5006389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SBCADD), also called 2-methylbutyryl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (2-MBCDD), is a disorder of l-isoleucine metabolism of uncertain clinical significance. SBCADD is inadvertently detected on expanded newborn screening by elevated 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine (C5), which has the same mass to charge (m/s) on tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) as isovalerylcarnitine (C5), an analyte that is elevated in isovaleric acidemia (IVA), a disorder in leucine metabolism. SBCADD cases identified in the Hmong-American population have been found in association with the c.1165 A>G mutation in the ACADSB gene. The purposes of this study were to: (a) estimate the prevalence of SBCADD and carrier frequency of the c.1165 A>G mutation in the Hmong ethnic group; (b) determine whether the c.1165 A>G mutation is common to all Hmong newborns screening positive for SBCADD; and (c) evaluate C5 acylcarnitine cut-off values to detect and distinguish between SBCADD and IVA diagnoses. During the first 10years of expanded newborn screening using MS/MS in Wisconsin (2001-2011), 97 infants had elevated C5 values (≥0.44μmol/L), of whom five were Caucasian infants confirmed to have IVA. Of the remaining 92 confirmed SBCADD cases, 90 were of Hmong descent. Mutation analysis was completed on an anonymous, random sample of newborn screening cards (n=1139) from Hmong infants. Fifteen infants, including nine who had screened positive for SBCADD based on a C5 acylcarnitine concentration ≥0.44μmol/L, were homozygous for the c.1165 A>G mutation. This corresponds to a prevalence in this ethnic group of being homozygous for the mutation of 1.3% (95% confidence interval 0.8-2.2%) and of being heterozygous for the mutation of 21.8% (95% confidence interval 19.4-24.3%), which is consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Detection of homozygous individuals who were not identified on newborn screening suggests that the C5 screening cut-off would need to be as low as 0.20μmol/L to detect all infants homozygous for the ACADSB c.1165 A>G mutation. However, lowering the screening cut-off to 0.20 would also result in five "false positive" (non-homozygous) screening results in the Hmong population for every c.1165 A>G homozygote detected. Increasing the cut-off to 0.60μmol/L and requiring elevated C5/C2 (acetylcarnitine) and C5/C3 (propionylcarnitine) ratios to flag a screen as abnormal would reduce the number of infants screening positive, but would still result in an estimated 5 infants with SBCADD per year who would require follow-up and additional biochemical testing to distinguish between SBCADD and IVA diagnoses. Further research is needed to determine the clinical outcomes of SBCADD detected on newborn screening and the c.1165 A>G mutation before knowing whether the optimal screening cut-off would minimize true positives or false negatives for SBCADD associated with this mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C. Van Calcar
- Biochemical Genetics Program, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mei W. Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Newborn Screening Program, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Phillip Williams
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Susan A. Jones
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Blia Xiong
- Biochemical Genetics Program, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mai Choua Thao
- Biochemical Genetics Program, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sheng Lee
- Biochemical Genetics Program, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mai Khou Yang
- Biochemical Genetics Program, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Greg M. Rice
- Biochemical Genetics Program, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - William Rhead
- Genetics Clinic, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gary Hoffman
- Newborn Screening Program, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Maureen S. Durkin
- Biochemical Genetics Program, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Corresponding author at: Population Heath Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1500 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA., Fax: +1 608 263 2820., (M.S. Durkin)
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Proteome adaptations in Ethe1-deficient mice indicate a role in lipid catabolism and cytoskeleton organization via post-translational protein modifications. Biosci Rep 2013; 33:BSR20130051. [PMID: 23800285 PMCID: PMC3827611 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20130051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide is a physiologically relevant signalling molecule. However, circulating levels of this highly biologically active substance have to be maintained within tightly controlled limits in order to avoid toxic side effects. In patients suffering from EE (ethylmalonic encephalopathy), a block in sulfide oxidation at the level of the SDO (sulfur dioxygenase) ETHE1 leads to severe dysfunctions in microcirculation and cellular energy metabolism. We used an Ethe1-deficient mouse model to investigate the effect of increased sulfide and persulfide concentrations on liver, kidney, muscle and brain proteomes. Major disturbances in post-translational protein modifications indicate that the mitochondrial sulfide oxidation pathway could have a crucial function during sulfide signalling most probably via the regulation of cysteine S-modifications. Our results confirm the involvement of sulfide in redox regulation and cytoskeleton dynamics. In addition, they suggest that sulfide signalling specifically regulates mitochondrial catabolism of FAs (fatty acids) and BCAAs (branched-chain amino acids). These findings are particularly relevant in the context of EE since they may explain major symptoms of the disease.
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Liu Z, Li Q, Huang J, Liang Q, Yan Y, Lin H, Xiao W, Lin Y, Zhang S, Tan B, Luo G. Proteomic analysis of the inhibitory effect of epigallocatechin gallate on lipid accumulation in human HepG2 cells. Proteome Sci 2013; 11:32. [PMID: 23866759 PMCID: PMC3723827 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-11-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant catechin found in green tea, effectively reduces body weight and tissue and blood lipid accumulation. To explore the mechanism by which EGCG inhibits cellular lipid accumulation in free fatty acid (FFA) induced HepG2 cell culture, we investigated the proteome change of FFA-induced HepG2 cells exposed to EGCG using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Results In this study, 36 protein spots showed a significant change in intensity by more than 1.5-fold from the control group to the FFA group and from the FFA group to the FFA + EGCG group. Among them, 24 spots were excised from gels and identified by LC-MS/MS. In total, 18 proteins were successfully identified. All identified proteins were involved in lipid metabolism, glycometabolism, antioxidant defense, respiration, cytoskeleton organization, signal transduction, DNA repair, mRNA processing, iron storage, or were chaperone proteins. This indicated that these physiological processes may play roles in the mechanism of inhibition of lipid accumulation by EGCG in FFA-induced HepG2 cells. Western blotting analysis was used to verify the expression levels of differentially expressed proteins, which agree with the proteomic results. Conclusions From the proteomic analysis, we hypothesized that EGCG reduced cellular lipid accumulation in FFA-induced HepG2 cells through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) resulting from the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The induction of ROS may be a result of EGCG regulation of the antioxidant defense system. Activation of AMPK shifted some FFA toward oxidation, away from lipid and triglyceride storage, and suppressed hepatic gluconeogenesis. The findings of this study improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of inhibition of lipid accumulation by EGCG in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University and Key Laboratory of Biological Organic Phosphorus and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization and Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.,National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Qin Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization and Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.,National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization and Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Qionglin Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University and Key Laboratory of Biological Organic Phosphorus and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yujun Yan
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Yong Lin
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Bin Tan
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Guoan Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University and Key Laboratory of Biological Organic Phosphorus and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
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Janzen N, Steuerwald U, Sander S, Terhardt M, Peter M, Sander J. UPLC-MS/MS analysis of C5-acylcarnitines in dried blood spots. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 421:41-5. [PMID: 23499962 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic screening including newborn screening requires further differentiation of C5-acylcarnitines in order to separate different metabolic disorders and to detect interferents like pivalic acid originating from antibiotics. METHODS For individual quantification of C5-acylcarnitine isoforms in dried blood spots we combined UPLC using a C18 column and gradient elution with tandem mass spectrometry in ESI+mode. RESULTS Results were linear, coefficients of determination (R(2))>0.9977, intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variations <5.2%, recovery 96.8-105.2%, limits of detection and quantitation <0.2 μmol/L. Out of 29.309 blood samples of the isolated population of the Faroe Islands 56 exceeded the cut-off of 0.5 μmol/L for C5-acylcarnitine; 45 of which could be retested using the method described. Pivaloylcarnitine was identified in 43 samples, isovalerylcarnitine was found in two samples. CONCLUSIONS The method was developed to allow direct re-analysis of samples showing elevated concentrations of C5-acylcarnitines in a metabolic screening program based on quantification of acylcarnitines after butylation. The technique should be especially useful in newborn screening for exclusion of false positives and for differentiation between isovaleric acidemia and 2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Janzen
- Screening-Labor Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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Knebel LA, Zanatta Â, Tonin AM, Grings M, Alvorcem LDM, Wajner M, Leipnitz G. 2-Methylbutyrylglycine induces lipid oxidative damage and decreases the antioxidant defenses in rat brain. Brain Res 2012; 1478:74-82. [PMID: 22967964 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SBCAD) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder of isoleucine metabolism biochemically characterized by accumulation of 2-methylbutyrylglycine (2MBG) and 2-methylbutyric acid (2MB). Affected patients present predominantly neurological symptoms, whose pathophysiology is not yet established. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro effects of 2MBG and 2MB on important parameters of oxidative stress in cerebral cortex of young rats and C6 glioma cells. 2MBG increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBA-RS), indicating an increase of lipid oxidation. 2MBG induced sulfhydryl oxidation in cortical supernatants and decreased glutathione (GSH) in these brain preparations, as well as in C6 cells, indicating a reduction of nonenzymatic brain antioxidant defenses. In contrast, 2MB did not alter any of these parameters and 2MBG and 2MB did not affect carbonyl formation (protein damage). In addition, 2MBG-induced increase of TBA-RS levels and decrease of GSH were prevented by free radical scavengers, implying that reactive species were involved in these effects. Furthermore, the decrease of GSH levels caused by 2MBG was not due to a direct oxidative action since this metabolite did not alter sulfhydryl content from a commercial solution of GSH. Nitric oxide production was not altered by 2MBG and 2MB, suggesting that reactive oxygen species possibly underlie 2MBG effects. Finally, we verified that 2MBG did not induce cell death in C6 cells. The present data show that 2MBG induces lipid oxidative damage and reduces the antioxidant defenses in rat brain. Therefore, it may be postulated that oxidative stress induced by 2MBG is involved, at least in part, in the pathophysiology of the brain damage found in SBCAD deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisiane Aurélio Knebel
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035003, Brazil
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Knerr I, Weinhold N, Vockley J, Gibson KM. Advances and challenges in the treatment of branched-chain amino/keto acid metabolic defects. J Inherit Metab Dis 2012; 35:29-40. [PMID: 21290185 PMCID: PMC4136412 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-010-9269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Disorders of branched-chain amino/keto acid metabolism encompass diverse entities, including maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), the 'classical' organic acidurias isovaleric acidemia (IVA), propionic acidemia (PA), methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) and, among others, rarely described disorders such as 2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MBDD) or isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (IBDD). Our focus in this review is to highlight the biochemical basis underlying recent advances and ongoing challenges of long-term conservative therapy including precursor/protein restriction, replenishment of deficient substrates, and the use of antioxidants and anaplerotic agents which refill the Krebs cycle. Ongoing clinical assessments of affected individuals in conjunction with monitoring of disease-specific biochemical parameters remain essential. It is likely that mass spectrometry-based 'metabolomics' may be a helpful tool in the future for studying complete biochemical profiles and diverse metabolic phenotypes. Prospective studies are needed to test the effectiveness of adjunct therapies such as antioxidants, ornithine-alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG) or creatine in addition to specialized diets and to optimize current therapeutic strategies in affected individuals. With the individual life-time risk and degree of severity being unknown in asymptomatic individuals with MBDD or IBDD, instructions regarding risks for metabolic stress and fasting avoidance along with clinical monitoring are reasonable interventions at the current time. Overall, it is apparent that carefully designed prospective clinical investigations and multicenter cohort-controlled trials are needed in order to leverage that knowledge into significant breakthroughs in treatment strategies and appropriate approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Knerr
- Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Otto-Heubner Centrum, Pediatric Metabolic Unit, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
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Ensenauer R, Fingerhut R, Maier EM, Polanetz R, Olgemöller B, Röschinger W, Muntau AC. Newborn screening for isovaleric acidemia using tandem mass spectrometry: data from 1.6 million newborns. Clin Chem 2011; 57:623-6. [PMID: 21335445 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2010.151134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) has been used in the Bavarian newborn screening (NBS) program since 1999. The use of ESI-MS/MS has led to the inclusion of isovaleric acidemia (IVA) into NBS. We retrospectively evaluated data on more than 1.6 million newborns screened during 9.5 years. METHODS Acylcarnitines from whole blood spotted on filter paper were converted to their corresponding butyl esters, and the samples were analyzed by use of ESI-MS/MS with stable isotope labeled internal standards. RESULTS A total of 24 individuals with IVA were detected by use of a multiparametric threshold criteria panel including isovalerylcarnitine (C5) and the ratios of C5 to octanoyl-, butyryl-, and propionylcarnitine. A cutoff set at the 99.99th percentile for isolated C5 or at the 99th percentile for C5 plus at least 2 ratios resulted in a positive predictive value for IVA screening of 7.0% and an overall recall rate of 0.024%. Adjusted reference ranges for age and birth weight were applied, and the incidence of IVA in the study population was calculated to be 1 in 67,000. Missed cases were not brought to our attention. IVA was also detectable in cord blood and early postnatal blood samples. CONCLUSIONS IVA can be reliably detected in NBS through acylcarnitine analysis in dried blood spots by using multiparametric threshold criteria. Further improvement (positive predictive value 13.0%, recall rate 0.01%) can be achieved by using more stringent recall criteria. In view of the potentially life-threatening natural course of IVA in early life, presymptomatic diagnosis may thus prevent mortality and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Ensenauer
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Children's Research Centre, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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Wilcken B. Expanded newborn screening: reducing harm, assessing benefit. J Inherit Metab Dis 2010; 33:S205-10. [PMID: 20440650 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-010-9106-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Achieving the goals of newborn screening is, as for any screening, a balancing act: getting the maximum benefit from screening while producing the minimum harm. The advent of "expanded" newborn screening, with a large number of disorders detectable using a single test, has also posed problems, not new, but now more obvious. One is the finding of many more cases by screening, the extra cases being largely patients who have attenuated phenotypes and may remain asymptomatic for many years, even throughout life. These may or may not require active management in the short term, but do need lifelong awareness. Additionally, disorders have been included that are now thought benign or largely so. Babies risk being unnecessarily medicalized. Assessing outcome has also proved difficult because of the rarity of some disorders and the impracticality of randomized controlled trials. The requirements for valid studies include the need for case definitions, comparable comparison groups and probably assessment on a whole-population basis. An Australia-wide study of tandem mass spectrometry newborn screening involving 2 million screened and unscreened babies has demonstrated benefits overall to screened patients at age 6 years. The study was too small to provide conclusions for individual disorders other than for medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Wilcken
- Biochemical Genetics and Newborn Screening, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
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Two inborn errors of metabolism in a newborn: glutaric aciduria type I combined with isobutyrylglycinuria. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:2087-91. [PMID: 20836999 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2010] [Revised: 09/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1) is an inborn error in the metabolism of the amino acids tryptophan, lysine and hydroxylysine due to mutations in the GCDH gene coding for glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase. Affected individuals often suffer from an encephalopathic crisis in infancy or childhood which results in acute striatal injury leading to a severe dystonic-dyskinetic movement disorder. Isobutyryl-coenzyme dehydrogenase (IBD) is an enzyme encoded by the ACAD8 gene and involved in the catabolism of the branched-chain amino acid valine. Both GA1 and IBD deficiency can be detected by expanded newborn screening using tandem-mass spectrometry, if they are considered screening targets. METHODS Tandem-mass spectrometry and gas-chromatography with mass-selective detection were used for the assessment of key metabolites in body fluids of a patient with abnormal findings in newborn screening. Mutations were investigated by direct sequencing and by restriction fragment lengths analysis. Valine metabolism was studied in vitro in immortalized lymphocytes. RESULTS Following accumulation of acylcarnitines C5DC and C4, of 3-hydroxyglutaric acid and isobutyrylglycine in body fluids, sequence analysis in the GCDH gene revealed homozygosity for a missense mutation in exon 6, c.482G>A, p.Arg161Gln, which had been reported in GA1 before. In the ACAD8 gene a novel mutation c.841+3G>C was identified, which results in loss of exon 7 and predicts a premature stop of translation. Impaired valine degradation was corroborated by the increased post-load level of acylcarnitine C4 in lymphocytes. CONCLUSION The molecular basis of two inborn errors of metabolism in a newborn was elucidated. The metabolite studies underline the use of urinary C4 acylcarnitine as a sensitive marker of IBD deficiency. A functional test of IBD activity in lymphocytes may replace more invasive fibroblast studies. In view of the combination of two organic acidurias, which may both affect the level of free carnitine, careful follow-up including regular assessment of the carnitine status of the patient appears prudent.
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Forni S, Fu X, Palmer SE, Sweetman L. Rapid determination of C4-acylcarnitine and C5-acylcarnitine isomers in plasma and dried blood spots by UPLC-MS/MS as a second tier test following flow-injection MS/MS acylcarnitine profile analysis. Mol Genet Metab 2010; 101:25-32. [PMID: 20591710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2010.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flow-injection MS/MS methods for elevated acylcarnitines are routinely performed in most newborn screening and biochemical genetics laboratories; however this technique cannot distinguish between isobaric compounds; therefore, chromatographic separation is required to quantitate isomers for differential diagnosis of some inborn errors of metabolism. METHODS A UPLC-MS/MS method has been developed for the simultaneous quantitation of isobutyrylcarnitine and butyrylcarnitine, and a second UPLC-MS/MS method for the quantitation of isovalerylcarnitine, (S) and (R) 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine, pivaloylcarnitine and valerylcarnitine. Plasma and dried blood spots samples are extracted with methanol and derivatized with butanolic HCl. Deuterium labeled internal standards are used for quantitation. Separation is obtained using a methanol/water gradient with a C18 BEH, 1x100mm, 1.7microm UPLC column, at 60 degrees C; run time is less than 10min. The isomers are detected with a Quattro Premier triple quadrupole, with electrospray ionization in positive ion mode. RESULTS Intra-day precision in plasma and dried blood spots ranged from 1.4% to 14% and accuracy from 88% to 114% respectively for butyrylcarnitine and isobutyrylcarnitine. Precision for the isomers of C5-acylcarnitine ranged from 1.3% to 15% and accuracy 87% to 119%, respectively in plasma or dried blood spots. Inter-day precision was within 20% at each concentration of isobutyrylcarnitine and butyrylcarnitine. Precision for 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine and isovalerylcarnitine at concentrations above the normal range was within 24%. CONCLUSIONS Two diagnostic tests based on the separation of C4-acylcarnitine and C5-acylcarnitine isomers by UPLC-MS/MS provide fast differential diagnosis of SCAD deficiency versus IBCD deficiency and IVA versus 2-MBCD deficiency. The separation of C5-acylcarnitines can reveal false elevation due to pivalic acid-containing antibiotics. Abnormal newborn screen results due to pivalate-generating prodrug antibiotics of maternal origin were confirmed. This separation of isomers can resolve multiple diagnostic challenges in both newborn screening and in cases with ambiguous metabolic test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Forni
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75226, USA.
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Alfardan J, Mohsen AW, Copeland S, Ellison J, Keppen-Davis L, Rohrbach M, Powell BR, Gillis J, Matern D, Kant J, Vockley J. Characterization of new ACADSB gene sequence mutations and clinical implications in patients with 2-methylbutyrylglycinuria identified by newborn screening. Mol Genet Metab 2010; 100:333-8. [PMID: 20547083 PMCID: PMC2906669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2010.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SBCAD) deficiency, also known as 2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, is a recently described autosomal recessive disorder of isoleucine metabolism. Most patients reported thus far have originated from a founder mutation in the Hmong Chinese population. While the first reported patients had severe disease, most of the affected Hmong have remained asymptomatic. In this study, we describe 11 asymptomatic non-Hmong patients brought to medical attention by elevated C5-carnitine found by newborn screening and one discovered because of clinical symptoms. The diagnosis of SBCAD deficiency was determined by metabolite analysis of blood, urine, and fibroblast samples. PCR and bidirectional sequencing were performed on genomic DNA from five of the patients covering the entire SBCAD (ACADSB) gene sequence of 11 exons. Sequence analysis of genomic DNA from each patient identified variations in the SBCAD gene not previously reported. Escherichia coli expression studies revealed that the missense mutations identified lead to inactivation or instability of the mutant SBCAD enzymes. These findings confirm that SBCAD deficiency can be identified through newborn screening by acylcarnitine analysis. Our patients have been well without treatment and call for careful follow-up studies to learn the true clinical impact of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marianne Rohrbach
- Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University Children‘s Hospital Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jane Gillis
- IWK Health Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | | | - Jeffrey Kant
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA
| | - Jerry Vockley
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, USA
- Correspondence to: Jerry Vockley, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatrics, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224.
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Clayton EW. Currents in contemporary ethics. State run newborn screening in the genomic era, or how to avoid drowning when drinking from a fire hose. THE JOURNAL OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS : A JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS 2010; 38:697-700. [PMID: 20880251 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-720x.2010.00522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Parents, providers, policy makers, and the public need to talk about the implications of advances in genomic technologies for state run newborn metabolic screening programs. Technologies, such as highly multiplex testing and whole genome sequencing, are raising old issues with new urgency and are posing new challenges that threaten to overwhelm newborn screening programs.Newborn screening programs in their current form were born in the late 1960s. Robert Guthrie developed a screening test for phenylketonuria (PKU) that could be performed on blood spots collected on filter cards that Guthrie also developed. States rapidly established newborn screening programs, which were almost always mandatory, in response to advocacy by geneticists and parents. Although the programs initially varied in form and experienced significant pushback from the medical community, by the early 1970s, all states had established programs with centralized laboratories, and the medical community had come on board.
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Mental retardation linked to mutations in the HSD17B10 gene interfering with neurosteroid and isoleucine metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:14820-4. [PMID: 19706438 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0902377106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the HSD17B10 gene were identified in two previously described mentally retarded males. A point mutation c.776G>C was found from a survivor (SV), whereas a potent mutation, c.419C>T, was identified in another deceased case (SF) with undetectable hydroxysteroid (17beta) dehydrogenase 10 (HSD10) activity. Protein levels of mutant HSD10(R130C) in patient SF and HSD10(E249Q) in patient SV were about half that of HSD10 in normal controls. The E249Q mutation appears to affect HSD10 subunit interactions, resulting in an allosteric regulatory enzyme. For catalyzing the oxidation of allopregnanolone by NAD+ the Hill coefficient of the mutant enzyme is approximately 1.3. HSD10(E249Q) was unable to catalyze the dehydrogenation of 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA and the oxidation of allopregnanolone, a positive modulator of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor, at low substrate concentrations. Neurosteroid homeostasis is critical for normal cognitive development, and there is increasing evidence that a blockade of isoleucine catabolism alone does not commonly cause developmental disabilities. The results support the theory that an imbalance in neurosteroid metabolism could be a major cause of the neurological handicap associated with hydroxysteroid (17beta) dehydrogenase 10 deficiency.
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Loss of ETHE1, a mitochondrial dioxygenase, causes fatal sulfide toxicity in ethylmalonic encephalopathy. Nat Med 2009; 15:200-5. [PMID: 19136963 DOI: 10.1038/nm.1907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ethylmalonic encephalopathy is an autosomal recessive, invariably fatal disorder characterized by early-onset encephalopathy, microangiopathy, chronic diarrhea, defective cytochrome c oxidase (COX) in muscle and brain, high concentrations of C4 and C5 acylcarnitines in blood and high excretion of ethylmalonic acid in urine. ETHE1, a gene encoding a beta-lactamase-like, iron-coordinating metalloprotein, is mutated in ethylmalonic encephalopathy. In bacteria, ETHE1-like sequences are in the same operon of, or fused with, orthologs of TST, the gene encoding rhodanese, a sulfurtransferase. In eukaryotes, both ETHE1 and rhodanese are located within the mitochondrial matrix. We created a Ethe1(-/-) mouse that showed the cardinal features of ethylmalonic encephalopathy. We found that thiosulfate was excreted in massive amounts in urine of both Ethe1(-/-) mice and humans with ethylmalonic encephalopathy. High thiosulfate and sulfide concentrations were present in Ethe1(-/-) mouse tissues. Sulfide is a powerful inhibitor of COX and short-chain fatty acid oxidation, with vasoactive and vasotoxic effects that explain the microangiopathy in ethylmalonic encephalopathy patients. Sulfide is detoxified by a mitochondrial pathway that includes a sulfur dioxygenase. Sulfur dioxygenase activity was absent in Ethe1(-/-) mice, whereas it was markedly increased by ETHE1 overexpression in HeLa cells and Escherichia coli. Therefore, ETHE1 is a mitochondrial sulfur dioxygenase involved in catabolism of sulfide that accumulates to toxic levels in ethylmalonic encephalopathy.
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Fingerhut R, Olgemöller B. Newborn screening for inborn errors of metabolism and endocrinopathies: an update. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 393:1481-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2505-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Revised: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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